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Capps KP, Updegraff JA. How future orientations predict healthy outcomes: Information avoidance as a potential mechanism. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:848-862. [PMID: 38069612 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study elucidates whether information avoidance may help explain demonstrated links between future orientation and health. In an online study, college students reported their self-reported prevention and detection health behaviors and responded to a prevention and detection health message. Path analyses indicated that information avoidance mediated the relationship with the future orientations (optimism and consideration of future consequences), such that, greater and more positive future orientations were associated with less information avoidance, and less information avoidance was associated with greater self-reported health behaviors and positive responses to health information. Correlational analyses revealed that information avoidance was particularly related to health outcomes, and to a greater extent than future orientations. Our findings join a growing literature showing the importance of information avoidance for a variety of health behaviors and suggest a potential intervention target for individuals whose characteristic ways of (not) thinking about their future might keep them unaware and unhealthy.
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Bailey C, Lim SL. Investigating psychological mechanisms of self-controlled decisions for food and leisure activity. J Behav Med 2024; 47:458-470. [PMID: 38342789 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires balancing energy intake and expenditure. While previous research investigated energy input or food decisions, little is known about energy output or leisure activity decisions. By combining experimental decision-making paradigms and computational approaches, we investigated the psychological mechanisms of self-controlled food and leisure activity decisions through the effects of reward-oriented and health-oriented preferences as well as body weight status, stress, and coping. Based on individual's responses, the self-controlled food and leisure activity choices were indexed as the proportions of "no" unhealthy but tasty (or enjoyable) (inhibitory self-control against short-term pleasure) and "yes" healthy but not tasty (or not enjoyable) responses (initiatory self-control for long-term health benefits). The successful self-control decisions for food and leisure activity were positively correlated with each other, r = 22, p < .01. In beta regression analyses, the successful self-controlled food decisions decreased as the taste-oriented process increased, β = - 0.50, z = -2.99, p < .005, and increased as the health-oriented process increased, β = 1.57, z = 4.68, p < .001. Similarly, the successful self-controlled leisure activity decisions decreased as the enjoyment-oriented process increased, β = - 0.79, z = -5.31, p < .001, and increased as the health-oriented process increased, β = 0.66, z = 2.19, p < .05. The effects of the other factors were not significant. Overall, our findings demonstrated the mutual interrelationship between food and leisure activity decision-making and suggest that encouraging health-oriented processes may benefit both energy input and expenditure domains and improve self-controlled choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Bailey
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5030 Cherry St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5030 Cherry St, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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3
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Davis PA, Trotter M, Åström E, Rönnlund M. Balancing Time for Health Behaviors: Associations of Time Perspective With Physical Activity and Weight Management in Older Adults. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241242546. [PMID: 38566500 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241242546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between time perspective and health promotion behaviors of physical activity and weight management. DESIGN Quantitative cross-sectional. SETTING This study is part of the Betula project on aging, memory, and dementia in Northern Sweden. SUBJECTS 417 older adults aged between 55 and 85 years. MEASURES Swedish-Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; Physical Activity in the past year, past week, and in comparison with others of similar age; Weight Management = Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2). RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, hierarchical linear regression indicated a Balanced Time Perspective was significantly associated with more physical activity in the past year (P = .04), the past week (P < .001), and in comparison with others (P < .01). Past Negative time perspective was associated with less physical activity in the past year (P = .03), and in comparison with others (P = .03). Present Fatalistic was associated with less physical activity during the past week (P = .03), and in comparison with others (P = .01). Present Hedonistic was associated with more physical activity the past week (P = .03), and in comparison with others (P = .03). Past Negative was associated with higher BMI (P = .02), and Future Negative were associated with lower BMI (P = .01). Taken collectively, greater positivity and flexibility across time perspectives was associated with more physical activity, whereas negative oriented time perspectives related with less physical activity and poorer weight management. CONCLUSION Time perspective can be associated with health behaviors in older adults and have implications for health across the lifespan. Health promotion interventions may target older adults' enjoyment of exercise and weight management in the present, rather than highlight potential negative health outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden
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4
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Wang Y, Thier K, Lee S, Nan X. Persuasive Effects of Temporal Framing in Health Messaging: A Meta-Analysis. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:563-576. [PMID: 36788142 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2175407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the persuasive effects of temporal framing in health messaging. Our analysis included 39 message pairs from 22 studies in 20 articles (N = 4,998) that examined the effects of temporal framing (i.e. present-oriented messages vs. future-oriented messages) on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors in health contexts. We found that present-oriented messages were significantly more persuasive than future-oriented messages in terms of intentions and integrated persuasive outcomes. Effects of temporal framing on attitudes and behaviors were not statistically significant. We tested six moderators of temporal framing effects (gain vs. loss framing, temporal framing operationalization, behavior type, timing of effect assessment, age, CFC levels) but none of them was statistically significant. Implications for future temporal framing research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland
| | | | - Saymin Lee
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland
| | - Xiaoli Nan
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland
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5
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Drouin O, Perez T, Barnett TA, Ducharme FM, Fleegler E, Garg A, Lavoie K, Li P, Métras MÉ, Sultan S, Tse SM, Zhao J. Impact of Unmet Social Needs, Scarcity, and Future Discounting on Adherence to Treatment in Children With Asthma: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e37318. [PMID: 36881458 PMCID: PMC10131837 DOI: 10.2196/37318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of childhood and disproportionately affects children with lower socioeconomic status. Controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids significantly reduce asthma exacerbations and improve symptoms. However, a large proportion of children still have poor asthma control, in part owing to suboptimal adherence. Financial barriers contribute to hindering adherence, as do behavioral factors related to low income. For example, unmet social needs for food, lodging, and childcare may create stress and worry in parents, negatively influencing medication adherence. These needs are also cognitively taxing and force families to focus on immediate needs, leading to scarcity and heightening future discounting; thus, there is the tendency to attribute greater value to the present than to the future in making decisions. OBJECTIVE In this project, we will investigate the relationship between unmet social needs, scarcity, and future discounting as well as their predictive power over time on medication adherence in children with asthma. METHODS This 12-month prospective observational cohort study will recruit 200 families of children aged 2 to 17 years at the Asthma Clinic of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Montreal, Canada. The primary outcome will be adherence to controller medication, measured using the proportion of prescribed days covered during follow-up. Exploratory outcomes will include health care use. The main independent variables will be unmet social needs, scarcity, and future discounting, measured using validated instruments. These variables will be measured at recruitment as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Covariates will include sociodemographics, disease and treatment characteristics, and parental stress. Primary analysis will compare adherence to controller medication, measured using the proportion of prescribed days covered, between families with versus those without unmet social needs during the study period using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The research activities of this study began in December 2021. Participant enrollment and data collection began in August 2022 and are expected to continue until September 2024. CONCLUSIONS This project will allow the documentation of the impact of unmet social needs, scarcity, and future discounting on adherence in children with asthma using robust metrics of adherence and validated measures of scarcity and future discounting. If the relationship between unmet social needs, behavioral factors, and adherence is supported by our findings, this will suggest the potential for novel targets for integrated social care interventions to improve adherence to controller medication and reduce risk across the life course for vulnerable children with asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05278000; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05278000. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/37318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Drouin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tamara Perez
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francine M Ducharme
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Fleegler
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arvin Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim Lavoie
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Quebec à Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Li
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Élaine Métras
- Pharmacy Department and Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sze Man Tse
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Appelhans BM. The Cognitive Burden of Poverty: A Mechanism of Socioeconomic Health Disparities. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:293-297. [PMID: 36180316 PMCID: PMC10176429 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Schwenke D, Wehner P, Scherbaum S. Effects of individual and dyadic decision-making and normative reference on delay discounting decisions. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35900639 PMCID: PMC9334506 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency to devaluate delayed rewards, a phenomenon referred to as ‘discounting behaviour’, has been studied by wide-ranging research examining individuals choosing between sooner but smaller or later but larger rewards. Despite the fact that many real-life choices are embedded in a social context, the question of whether or not social collaboration can have an impact on such choices has not been addressed empirically. With this research, we aimed to fill this gap experimentally by implementing a novel choice selection procedure in order to study the interactive dynamics between two participants. This selection procedure allowed us to dissect the sequence of decision-making into its elements, starting from the very first individual preference to the solution of possible conflicting preferences in the dyad. In Experiment 1, we studied group decision-making on classical intertemporal choices to reveal the possible benefit of social collaboration on discounting and identified that the knowledge of the social situation in collective decision-making causes a reduction in discounting. In a pre-registered Experiment 2, we compared classical intertemporal choices with choices in a gamified version of a discounting paradigm in which the participants had a real-time experience trial by trial and for which a normative reference was present. We found that collective decision-making had a substantial impact on intertemporal decision-making, but was shaped by different types of choices. Classical intertemporal choices were rather susceptible to the contextual factors of decision-making, whereas in the gamified version that included a normative reference the decisions were reliably influenced by social collaboration and resulted in a lower discounting. The results in this paradigm replicate our original findings from former research.
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Mao B, Chen S, Wei M, Luo Y, Liu Y. Future Time Perspective and Bedtime Procrastination: The Mediating Role of Dual-Mode Self-Control and Problematic Smartphone Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10334. [PMID: 36011963 PMCID: PMC9407689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined bedtime procrastination predictors and the development process concerning health behavior. Based on temporal self-regulation theory and the self-regulatory framework of time perspective, we examined the effects of future time perspective, dual-model of self-control, and problematic smartphone use on bedtime procrastination. Further, including the mediating role of dual-mode self-control and problematic smartphone use in the effects of future time perspective on bedtime procrastination among 3687 participants (38.73% male; Mage = 16.17 years, SD = 2.42, range = 11-23) Chinese students. The results showed that the future time perspective, dual-mode self-control, and problematic smartphone use had significant predictive effects on bedtime procrastination. Importantly, the negative effect of future time perspective on bedtime procrastination is mediated by the impulse system, control system, and problematic smartphone use separately and serially mediated by the impulse system and problematic smartphone use, rather than the control system and problematic smartphone use; these findings extend previous research on the contributing factors of bedtime procrastination and provide an empirical basis for promoting people to form healthy sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mao
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingchen Wei
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yali Luo
- Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Baosheng Avenue No. 301, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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9
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Downey H, Haynes JM, Johnson HM, Odum AL. Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:787322. [PMID: 35221945 PMCID: PMC8867822 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.787322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting, the tendency for outcomes to be devalued as they are more temporally remote, has implications as a target for behavioral interventions. Because of these implications, it is important to understand how different states individuals may face, such as deprivation, influence the degree of delay discounting. Both dual systems models and state-trait views of delay discounting assume that deprivation may result in steeper delay discounting. Despite early inconsistencies and mixed results, researchers have sometimes asserted that deprivation increases delay discounting, with few qualifications. The aim of this review was to determine what empirical effect, if any, deprivation has on delay discounting. We considered many kinds of deprivation, such as deprivation from sleep, drugs, and food in humans and non-human animals. For 23 studies, we analyzed the effect of deprivation on delay discounting by computing effect sizes for the difference between delay discounting in a control, or baseline, condition and delay discounting in a deprived state. We discuss these 23 studies and other relevant studies found in our search in a narrative review. Overall, we found mixed effects of deprivation on delay discounting. The effect may depend on what type of deprivation participants faced. Effect sizes for deprivation types ranged from small for sleep deprivation (Hedge's gs between −0.21 and 0.07) to large for opiate deprivation (Hedge's gs between 0.42 and 1.72). We discuss possible reasons why the effect of deprivation on delay discounting may depend on deprivation type, including the use of imagined manipulations and deprivation intensity. The inconsistency in results across studies, even when comparing within the same type of deprivation, indicates that more experiments are needed to reach a consensus on the effects of deprivation on delay discounting. A basic understanding of how states affect delay discounting may inform translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylee Downey
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Haynes
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Hannah M. Johnson
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Amy L. Odum
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy L. Odum
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10
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Simmons CS, Schmidt AT, Lancaster BD, Van Allen J. Executive function capacity links future thinking and exercise intent. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2021; 11:752-760. [PMID: 34392766 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1960529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental barriers limit exercise in adolescents, but the contribution of cognitive barriers are not as well characterized. Previous findings suggest future thinking may predict exercise intent, which has been linked to health and actual exercise. However, these models may be incomplete as they do not systematically incorporate potential cognitive contributions (e.g., executive function capacity) to exercise intent. This study investigated the possible mediating role of executive function capacity in the relation between future thinking and exercise intent. METHODS Data for the mediation models was collected from 101 adolescents aged 11-17 (M = 13.09) in a summer enrichment program. Adolescent participants completed self-report measures including Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS), Intent to Exercise, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF-2). RESULTS This study found that self-reported executive function capacity mediated the relation between future thinking and exercise intent even when controlling for age and subjective socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS While some exercise interventions aim to increase future thinking, this study provides support for additional research into how interventions may benefit from targeting executive function capacity directly to increase exercise intent and actual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Jason Van Allen
- Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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11
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Quinten L, Murmann A, Genau HA, Warkentin R, Banse R. Letters to our Future Selves? High-Powered Replication Attempts Question Effects on Future Orientation, Delinquent Decisions, and Risky Investments. SOCIAL COGNITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2020.38.6.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing people's future orientation, in particular continuity with their future selves, has been proposed as promising to mitigate self-control–related problem behavior. In two pre-registered, direct replication studies, we tested a subtle manipulation, that is, writing a letter to one's future self, in order to reduce delinquent decisions (van Gelder et al., 2013, Study 1) and risky investments (Monroe et al., 2017, Study 1). With samples of n = 314 and n = 463, which is 2.5 times the original studies' sample sizes, the results suggested that the expected effects are either non-existent or smaller than originally reported, and/or dependent on factors not examined. Vividness of the future self was successfully manipulated in Study 2, but manipulation checks overall indicated that the letter task is not reliable to alter future orientation. We discuss ideas to integrate self-affirmation approaches and to test less subtle manipulations in samples with substantial, myopia-related self-control deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quinten
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Murmann
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna A. Genau
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Banse
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Robinson E, Roberts C, Vainik U, Jones A. The psychology of obesity: An umbrella review and evidence-based map of the psychological correlates of heavier body weight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:468-480. [PMID: 33086131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological factors may explain why some people develop obesity and others remain a normal weight during their life course. We use an umbrella review approach to build an evidence-based map of the psychological correlates of heavier body weight. Synthesising findings from 42 meta-analyses that have examined associations between psychological factors and heavier body weight, we assessed level of evidence for a range of cognitive, psychosocial and mental health individual difference factors. There is convincing evidence that impaired mental health is associated with heavier body weight and highly suggestive evidence that numerous cognitive factors are associated with heavier body weight. However, the relatively low methodological quality of meta-analyses resulted in lower evidential certainty for most psychosocial factors. Psychological correlates of heavier body weight tended to be small in statistical size and on average, people with obesity were likely to be more psychologically similar than different to people with normal weight. We consider implications for understanding the development of heavier body weight and identifying effective public health interventions to reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
| | - Carl Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Näituse 2 50409, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
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14
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The Time Is Ripe: Thinking about the Future Reduces Unhealthy Eating in Those with a Higher BMI. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101391. [PMID: 33019670 PMCID: PMC7601458 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that being oriented more towards the future (than the present) is correlated with healthier eating. However, this research tends to be correlational, and thus it is unclear whether inducing people to think about their future could increase healthy eating. Therefore, we investigated whether inducing people to think about their lives in the future versus the present would influence their intake of healthy (muesli) and unhealthy (Maltesers) food. Across two experiments, the effect of thinking about the future versus the present interacted with participants’ body mass index (BMI) to influence their consumption of unhealthy food, but no reliable effects were found for the consumption of healthy food. Among individuals with a higher BMI, thinking about their lives in the future resulted in lower consumption of the unhealthy food compared to thinking about their lives in the present. However, this effect was reversed for those with a lower BMI. In Experiment 2, we found no evidence that this effect was due to reduced impulsivity (as measured by a delay discounting task and a stop-signal task). This suggests that thinking about the future can reduce unhealthy eating among heavier people.
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15
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Nystrand BT, Olsen SO, Tudoran AA. Individual differences in functional food consumption: The role of time perspective and the Big Five personality traits. Appetite 2020; 156:104979. [PMID: 32979428 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests inconsistent relationships between individuals' personality traits, time perspective, and specific behavior. In a large representative sample of Norwegian consumers (N = 810), we investigated the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, domain-specific consideration of future consequences (CFC), and consumption of functional foods. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized associations. Both CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate were positively related to the consumption of functional foods, whereas personality traits exerted no direct influence on consumption. Several significant associations between personality traits and CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate were found, and three of the five personality traits-Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism-exerted indirect effects on consumption frequency via CFC-Future. Results support an integrative and hierarchical understanding of how personality traits and time perspective interact in explaining variation in functional food consumption. The findings support the notion that (domain-specific) CFC is better conceptualized as two distinct-albeit related constructs-that are shaped, in part, by broader personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Tore Nystrand
- Møreforsking, 6021, Ålesund, Norway; School of Business and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Svein Ottar Olsen
- School of Business and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ana Alina Tudoran
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
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16
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Felton JW, Collado A, Ingram KM, Doran K, Yi R. Improvement of Working Memory is a Mechanism for Reductions in Delay Discounting Among Mid-Age Individuals in an Urban Medically Underserved Area. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:988-998. [PMID: 30955043 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay discounting, or the tendency to devalue rewards as a function of their delayed receipt, is associated with myriad negative health behaviors. Individuals from medically underserved areas are disproportionately at risk for chronic health problems. The higher rates of delay discounting and consequent adverse outcomes evidenced among low-resource and unstable environments suggest this may be an important pathway to explain health disparities among this population. PURPOSE The current study examined the effectiveness of a computerized working memory training program to decrease rates of delay discounting among residents of a traditionally underserved region. METHODS Participants (N = 123) were recruited from a community center serving low income and homeless individuals. Subjects completed measures of delay discounting and working memory and then took part in either an active or control working memory training. RESULTS Analyses indicated that participants in the active condition demonstrated significant improvement in working memory and that this improvement mediated the relation between treatment condition and reductions in delay discounting. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a computerized intervention targeting working memory may be effective in decreasing rates of delay discounting in adults from medically underserved areas (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03501706).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Felton
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Anahi Collado
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Kelly Doran
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Yi
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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17
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Increasing Exercise Intensity: Teaching High-Intensity Interval Training to Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Using a Lottery Reinforcement System. Behav Anal Pract 2020; 13:826-837. [PMID: 33269193 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of overweight and obesity are above 70% in typically developing adults in the United States, with higher rates observed in individuals diagnosed with developmental disability (DD). Lottery reinforcement systems have been validated as effective exercise interventions for individuals with DD. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated health benefits, it has not been studied using individuals within this population. The purpose of this study was to implement a lottery reinforcement system to systematically increase heart rate (HR) during 30-min HIIT sessions with 3 adults with DD. Results demonstrated increases in HR from below to within the prescribed range in all 3 participants. For 1 participant, weight decreased by 10.8 pounds during the 9-week program. Implications include that lottery systems increase exercise intensity with adults with DD, that HR during exercise can be reliably controlled using a lottery system, and that similar programs may result in health benefits.
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18
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Appelhans BM, Tangney CC, French SA, Crane MM, Wang Y. Delay discounting and household food purchasing decisions: The SHoPPER study. Health Psychol 2019; 38:334-342. [PMID: 30896220 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delay discounting is a neurocognitive trait that has been linked to poor nutritional health and obesity, but its role in specific dietary choices is unclear. This study tested whether individual differences in delay discounting are related to the healthfulness of household food purchases and reliance on nonstore food sources such as restaurants. METHOD The food purchases of 202 primary household food shoppers were objectively documented for 14 days through a food receipt collection and analysis protocol. The nutrient content of household food purchases was derived for each participant, and the overall diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015) and energy density (kcal/g) of foods and beverages were calculated. The proportion of energy from nonstore food sources was also derived. Delay discounting was assessed with a choice task featuring hypothetical monetary rewards. RESULTS Data were available for 12,624 foods and beverages purchased across 2,340 shopping episodes. Approximately 13% of energy was purchased from restaurants and other nonstore food sources. Steeper discounting rates were associated with lower overall Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores and a higher energy density (kcal/g) of purchased foods. Associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant when accounting for body mass index and sociodemographic variables. Discounting rates were unrelated to reliance on nonstore food sources or the energy density of purchased beverages. CONCLUSIONS Delay discounting is related to the healthfulness of food purchases among primary household shoppers. As food purchasing is a key antecedent of dietary intake, delay discounting may be a viable target in dietary and weight management interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Melissa M Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
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19
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Nan X, Qin Y. How Thinking about the Future Affects Our Decisions in the Present: Effects of Time Orientation and Episodic Future Thinking on Responses to Health Warning Messages. HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2019; 45:148-168. [PMID: 30930526 PMCID: PMC6430190 DOI: 10.1093/hcr/hqy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Past research has consistently shown that people have the tendency to discount future outcomes. However, most health messages emphasize the long-term consequences of behaviors. Building upon past research on temporal discounting, time orientation, and construal level, the current research examines how dispositional time orientation (present and future) predicts health behavior intentions and the impact of situationally-activated future orientation through episodic future thinking on the persuasiveness of long-term health warnings. An online experiment was conducted with 946 African American smokers randomly assigned to engage in either future thinking or present thinking prior to viewing a series of graphic cigarette warning labels. Results suggested that a stronger present time orientation predicts greater intentions to smoke, while a stronger future time orientation predicts greater intentions to quit smoking. Additionally, future (vs. present) thinking significantly increased intentions to quit smoking through enhanced perceived self-efficacy for quitting smoking. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Nan
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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20
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Daly M, Hall PA, Allan JL. Time Perspective and All-Cause Mortality: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:486-492. [PMID: 29947728 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term future thinking has been associated with a range of favorable health behaviors. However, it is currently unclear whether this translates into an effect on morbidity and mortality. PURPOSE The goal of this study was to study the relationship between time perspective and all-cause mortality and to examine the role of health behavior in explaining this association. METHODS Participants (N = 9,949) aged 50 and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a representative cohort of older English adults, estimated the length of their time horizon for financial planning (time perspective). Two thousand ninety-two deaths were recorded over a 9-year follow-up period (2002/2003-2012). Smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption were examined as factors that may underlie the time perspective-mortality link. RESULTS Our prospective survival analyses showed that those who tend to plan for longer periods experienced a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.80, 0.87], p < .001 per 1 SD increase in future time perspective). This association remained after adjusting for baseline socioeconomic status and health (HR = 0.92; 95% CI: [0.88, 0.97], p < .001). The link between time perspective and mortality was observed across the gradient of financial circumstances and did not appear to be due to reverse causality. Healthy behavior among the more future orientated explained 34% of the link between time perspective and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Using a simply administered indicator of time perspective, this study suggests that a future-orientated time perspective may be an important predictor of reduced risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daly
- Behavioural Science Centre, University of Stirling, Cottrell Building, Stirling, UK.,UCD Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia L Allan
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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21
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Exercise as a reward: Self-paced exercise perception and delay discounting in comparison with food and money. Physiol Behav 2018; 199:333-342. [PMID: 30529339 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is an important health behavior. Expressed reasons for participation are often delayed outcomes i.e. health threats and benefits, but also enjoyment. However, we do not know how people evaluate exercise as a reward. The value of rewards diminish the longer we have to wait for them and the discounting effect can undermine decision-making. Here, we investigated delay-discounting of exercise perception and its valuation with time delays; we conducted self-paced exercise sessions on treadmill and compared the discounting rates of exercise (kex) with those of established rewards of food (kfo) and money (km). Outcomes show, that young, moderately active participants (n = 70) preferred walking/running intensity with low to moderate cardiovascular strain and light perceived exertion. Delay discounting rates (k) indicated that exercise was discounted like other consumable rewards at the same rate as food and more rapidly than monetary rewards. Significant associations were detected of kex with preferred speed and with extrinsic exercise motivation. Exercise training (n = 16) reduced kex specifically, not affecting kfo. Our studies show, that participants perceived and discounted self-paced walking/running like a consumable reward. Exercise discounting was quicker in individuals who preferred lower speeds being less physically active and exercise training reduced the decay rate of exercise specifically.
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22
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Murphy L, Dockray S. The consideration of future consequences and health behaviour: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2018; 12:357-381. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1489298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samantha Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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23
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Rancourt D, Jensen CD, Duraccio KM, Evans EW, Wing RR, Jelalian E. Successful weight loss initiation and maintenance among adolescents with overweight and obesity: does age matter? Clin Obes 2018; 8:176-183. [PMID: 29426064 PMCID: PMC5940562 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for adolescents with overweight/obesity demonstrate mixed success, which may be due to a lack of consideration for developmental changes during this period. Potential developmental differences in weight loss motivations, weight maintenance behaviours and the role of parents in these efforts were examined in a sample of successful adolescent weight losers. Participants enrolled in the Adolescent Weight Control Registry (n = 49) self-reported demographic information and weight history, reasons for weight loss and weight control, weight loss approach and weight maintenance strategies, and perceived parental involvement with weight loss. Associations between age at weight loss initiation and the aforementioned factors were examined using linear and generalized regressions, controlling for highest z-BMI and sex. Adolescents who were older (≥16 years) at their weight loss initiation were more likely to report losing weight on their own (37.5% vs. 75%, P = 0.01) and reported greater responsibility for their weight loss and weight loss maintenance (P < 0.001) compared to younger adolescents. Younger age at weight loss initiation was associated with greater parental involvement (P = 0.005), whereas older age was associated with greater adolescent responsibility for the decision to lose weight (P = 0.002), the weight loss approach (P = 0.007) and food choices (P < 0.001). Findings suggest the importance of considering developmental differences in responsibility for weight loss and maintenance among adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD4118G, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Chad D. Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 John Taylor Building, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Kara M. Duraccio
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 John Taylor Building, Provo, UT 84602
| | - E. Whitney Evans
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
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Appelhans BM, French SA, Olinger T, Bogucki M, Janssen I, Avery-Mamer EF, Powell LM. Leveraging delay discounting for health: Can time delays influence food choice? Appetite 2018; 126:16-25. [PMID: 29551401 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Delay discounting, the tendency to choose smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, is theorized to promote consumption of immediately rewarding but unhealthy foods at the expense of long-term weight maintenance and nutritional health. An untested implication of delay discounting models of decision-making is that selectively delaying access to less healthy foods may promote selection of healthier (immediately available) alternatives, even if they may be less desirable. The current study tested this hypothesis by measuring healthy versus regular vending machine snack purchasing before and during the implementation of a 25-s time delay on the delivery of regular snacks. Purchasing was also examined under a $0.25 discount on healthy snacks, a $0.25 tax on regular snacks, and the combination of both pricing interventions with the 25-s time delay. Across 32,019 vending sales from three separate vending locations, the 25-s time delay increased healthy snack purchasing from 40.1% to 42.5%, which was comparable to the impact of a $0.25 discount (43.0%). Combining the delay and the discount had a roughly additive effect (46.0%). However, the strongest effects were seen under the $0.25 tax on regular snacks (53.7%) and the combination of the delay and the tax (50.2%). Intervention effects varied substantially between vending locations. Importantly, time delays did not harm overall vending sales or revenue, which is relevant to the real-world feasibility of this intervention. More investigation is needed to better understand how the impact of time delays on food choice varies across populations, evaluate the effects of time delays on beverage vending choices, and extend this approach to food choices in contexts other than vending machines. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02359916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 400, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Tamara Olinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Avery-Mamer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lisa M Powell
- Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 923, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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25
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Time perspectives and convenience food consumption among teenagers in Vietnam: The dual role of hedonic and healthy eating values. Food Res Int 2017; 99:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Baird HM, Webb TL, Martin J, Sirois FM. The relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes, abilities and outcomes: a protocol for a meta-analytical review. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017000. [PMID: 28679677 PMCID: PMC5734364 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that time perspective is likely to influence self-regulatory processes and outcomes. Despite the theoretical and practical significance of such relations, the relationship between time perspective and self-regulatory processes and outcomes across different measures, samples and life domains, including health, has yet to be explored. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The proposed review will develop a taxonomy for classifying measures according to the self-regulatory process, ability or outcome that they are likely to reflect. Electronic scientific databases will be searched, along with relevant conference abstract booklets and citation lists. Additionally, a call for unpublished data will be submitted to relevant bodies. To be eligible for inclusion, studies must include a measure of time perspective and a measure of at least one self-regulatory process, ability and/ or outcome. Eligibility will not be restricted by publication date, language, type of sample or setting. The bivariate correlations will be extracted (or calculated) and submitted to a random-effects meta-analysis. The sample-weighted average effect size, heterogeneity, risk of bias and publication bias will be calculated, and the effects of categorical and continuous moderator variables on the effect sizes will be determined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The proposed meta-analysis will synthesise previously conducted research; thus, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal and reported as part of the first author’s PhD thesis. The findings will also be disseminated to the research community and, where appropriate, to other interested parties through presentations at relevant academic and non-academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet M Baird
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas L Webb
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jilly Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fuschia M Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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