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Navruz FZ, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S, Kesbiç OS. Dose-dependent stress response of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Evaluating blood parameters and gene expression. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 272:109711. [PMID: 37532111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide used primarily in the agriculture sector for insect management. Esfenvalerate is effective against a wide range of harmful insects, including flies, cockroaches, locusts, and many other types of bugs. It is also known that esfenvalerate has toxic effects on aquatic organisms and poses significant environmental concerns. In this study, the aim is to subchronically examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by assessing changes in blood parameters and resulting gene expression. For this purpose, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were divided into 5 groups and exposed to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 μg/L concentrations of esfenvalerate for a period of 14 days. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from the fish that underwent weight and length measurements. The effects on gene expression levels of immune, antioxidant, and stress-related genes in the liver tissue, including SOD, GST, Cortisol receptor, HSP70, H+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, Catalase, and GpX, were evaluated, as were the hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, triglycerides and total protein and catalase, H+-ATPase, and GpX gene expression. Glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), SOD, Cortisol receptor, Na+/K+-ATPase gene expression levels increased. As a result, it has been revealed that esfenvalerate insecticide causes oxidative stress in carp at all dose ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Zemheri Navruz
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın, Turkiye.
| | - Ümit Acar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale, Turkiye; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Department of Fisheries Industry Engineering, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Osman Sabri Kesbiç
- Kastamonu University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Kastamonu, Turkiye
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2
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Chen X, Hirano M, Ishibashi H, Lee JS, Kawai YK, Kubota A. Efficient in vivo and in silico assessments of antiandrogenic potential in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 264:109513. [PMID: 36442599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish zebrafish-based in vivo and in silico assay systems to evaluate the antiandrogenic potential of environmental chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 17α-methyltestosterone (TES) alone or coexposed to TES and representative antiandrogens including flutamide, p,p'-DDE, vinclozolin, fenitrothion, and linuron. We assessed the transcript expression of the androgen-responsive gene sulfotransferase family 2, cytosolic sulfotransferase 3 (sult2st3). The expression of sult2st3 was significantly induced by TES in the later stages of embryonic development. However, the TES-induced expression of sult2st3 was inhibited by flutamide in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 5.7 μM), suggesting that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a role in sult2st3 induction. Similarly, p,p'-DDE, vinclozolin, and linuron repressed the TES-induced expression of sult2st3 (IC50s: 0.35, 3.9, and 52 μM, respectively). At the highest concentration tested (100 μM), fenitrothion also suppressed sult2st3 expression almost completely. Notably, p,p'-DDE and linuron did not inhibit sult2st3 induction due to higher concentrations of TES; instead, they potentiated TES-induced sult2st3 expression. Fenitrothion and linuron, which had relatively low antiandrogenic potentials in terms of sult2st3 inhibition, induced broader toxicities in zebrafish embryos; thus, the relationship between developmental toxicities and antiandrogenic potency was unclear. Additionally, an in silico docking simulation showed that all five chemicals interact with the zebrafish AR at relatively low interaction energies and with Arg702 as a key amino acid in ligand binding. Our findings suggest that a combination of zebrafish-based in vivo and in silico assessments represents a promising tool to assess the antiandrogenic potentials of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. https://twitter.com/chenxing910520
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Ribeiro YM, Moreira DP, Weber AA, Sales CF, Melo RMC, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E, Paschoalini AL. Adverse effects of herbicides in freshwater Neotropical fish: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106293. [PMID: 36148734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although herbicides have been developed to act on the physiological processes of plants, they are responsible for causing deleterious effects on animals. These chemical compounds are widely used throughout the world, but especially in countries that export agricultural products such as Central and South America, their use has increased in recent years. Aquatic environments are natural reservoirs of herbicides, which after being applied on crops, run off through the soil reaching rivers, lakes, and oceans. Fish are among the many organisms affected by the contamination of aquatic environments caused by herbicides. These animals play an important ecological role and are a major source of food for humans. However, few studies address the effects of herbicides on fish in this region. Thus, in the present review we discuss the morphophysiological and molecular consequences of herbicide exposure in Neotropical fish systems as well as how the environmental and land use characteristics in this region can influence the toxicity of these pollutants. A toxicity pathway framework was developed summarizing the mechanisms by which herbicides act and endpoints that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Audouze K, Zgheib E, Abass K, Baig AH, Forner-Piquer I, Holbech H, Knapen D, Leonards PEG, Lupu DI, Palaniswamy S, Rautio A, Sapounidou M, Martin OV. Evidenced-Based Approaches to Support the Development of Endocrine-Mediated Adverse Outcome Pathways: Challenges and Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:787017. [PMID: 35295112 PMCID: PMC8915810 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.787017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Zgheib
- Université de Paris, T3S, Inserm U1124, Paris, France
| | - Khaled Abass
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asma H Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana I Lupu
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Sapounidou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olwenn V Martin
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Ferreira MF, Lo Nostro FL, Fernández DA, Genovese G. Endocrine disruption in the sub Antarctic fish Patagonotothen tessellata (Perciformes, Notothenidae) from Beagle Channel associated to anthropogenic impact. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 171:105478. [PMID: 34562790 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Situated in the sub-Antarctic region, Beagle Channel represents a unique marine ecosystem due to the connection between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, and its proximity to the Antarctic Peninsula. Ushuaia city, the biggest settlement on the channel, exerts an increasing anthropogenic pressure by discharges of urban and industrial effluents. In the present work, we use Patagonotothen tessellata, one of the most abundant and widespread species in the channel, as a bioindicator species in order to evidence anthropic impact from Ushuaia Bay and surrounding areas. We first analyzed and characterized real time gene expression of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor and different forms of vitellogenin (VTG), under laboratory conditions. This was achieved by induction with estradiol of P. tessellata males. Then, the selected genes were used as biomarkers for an environmental biomonitoring study. Morphometric indices and circulating sex steroids (estradiol and testosterone) were also quantified in male fish collected from different sites. The qPCR analysis showed that vtgAb form is more inducible than vtgAa or vtgC forms after estrogen induction. The field survey revealed the up-regulation of vtgAb and the androgen receptor in fish from sites with higher anthropogenic influence. Sex steroids followed seasonal variations according to their reproductive cycle, with higher levels of estradiol and testosterone in winter and summer seasons. The use of biomarkers such as gene expression of VTG demonstrates that fish from Ushuaia Bay are likely to be exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds. To our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to assess the endocrine disruption associated to anthropic impact in a widespread fish of the Beagle Channel and contributes to a better understanding of the reproductive physiology of sub Antarctic ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Ferreira
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra Del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA-UNTDF), Ushuaia, Argentina; Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (LEFyE), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Griselda Genovese
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chang J, Liang C, Wang W, Yong L, Mao W, Yang H, Jia X, Liu Z, Song Y. Toxic effects of atrazine on immune function in BALB/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37978-37994. [PMID: 33728608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations (23, 90, 360 mg/kg BW) of atrazine (ATZ) on immune function in BALB/c mice. Some parameters of general immunotoxicity, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and non-specific immunity were tested. The studies showed that the high-dose ATZ induced a significant reduction in the final body weight of mice, the absolute and relative weights of spleen, the counts of white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MON), and the number of splenocyte. An increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cholesterol (CHO) in the high-dose ATZ group was observed. Pathological examination showed that the medium- and high-doses of ATZ caused atrophy and destruction of thymus, spleen, and hepatorenal toxicity. The serum interleukin-5(IL-5) level of mice and the number of plaque-forming cell (PFC) in spleen cells in the high-dose ATZ group decreased significantly while there was a significant increase of the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the high-dose ATZ group when compared to the negative control group. In the high-dose ATZ group, the proliferation ability of T and B lymphocytes as well as the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were significantly decreased. The low-dose ATZ (23 mg/kg BW) caused a significant decrease in the number of WBC and neutrophil (NEUT), as well as the proportion of polychromatic and normoblast. In summary, we thought the low-dose ATZ has a slight effect on the immune system; it can be preliminarily concluded that the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of atrazine is 23 mg/kg BW in mice. Atrazine can cause immunotoxicity mainly through cellular and humoral immunity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjiong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Chunlai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Ling Yong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road Building 2, Beijing, 100022, China.
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Zheng R, Wu M, Wang H, Peng J. Response Patterns of Biomarkers as Tools to Identify Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Bufo gargarizans Embryo. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:41-50. [PMID: 32474622 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers play an increasing crucial role in evaluating and predicting toxicity of metals. Expressions patterns of genes related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune and inflammation response in the Bufo gargarizans embryo exhibited a development dependent manner. The genes related to oxidative stress (HSP, GPx and SOD) are the first response in the development of embryo, followed by the apoptosis (Bax, BCLAF1 and TRAIL) and inflammation and immune response (SOCS3, IL-27 and IL-17D), respectively. Then, we have verified the HSP, Bax and SOCS3 IL-27 (expressed highest in their respective processes) exhibited the most significant changes in Cd-Pb mixed group compared with control. In addition, we found exposure of Cd-Pb mixed metals causes greater adverse effects than Cd, Pb alone on development and morphology of embryo. Overall, our results provide a useful tool to use the sensitive molecular biomarkers as indicators of developmental toxicity in amphibian embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jufang Peng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
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Kwon G, Ghil S. Isolation and Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Kumgang Fat Minnow Rhynchocypris kumgangensis. CYTOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.84.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gibeom Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University
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Shi Q, Sun N, Kou H, Wang H, Zhao H. Chronic effects of mercury on Bufo gargarizans larvae: Thyroid disruption, liver damage, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:500-509. [PMID: 30145490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is severely detrimental to organisms and is ubiquitous in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic mercury (Hg) exposure on metamorphosis, body size, thyroid microstructures, liver microstructural and ultrastructural features, and transcript levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and thyroid hormones signaling pathways of Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles. Tadpoles were exposed to mercury concentrations at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 µg/L from Gosner stage 26-42 of metamorphic climax. The present results showed that high dose mercury (24 and 30 µg/L) decelerated metamorphosis rate and inhibited body size of B. gargarizans larvae. Histological examinations have clearly exhibited that high mercury concentrations caused thyroid gland and liver damages. Moreover, degeneration and disintegration of hepatocytes, mitochondrial vacuolation, and endoplasmic reticulum breakdown were visible in the ultrastructure of liver after high dose mercury treatment. Furthermore, the larvae exposed to high dose mercury demonstrated a significant decrease in type II iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) and thyroid hormone receptor α and β (TRα and TRβ) mRNA levels. Transcript level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heat shock protein (HSP) were significantly up regulated in larvae exposed to high dose mercury, while transcript level of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) was significantly down regulated. Moreover, exposure to high dose mercury significantly down regulated mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), sterol carrier protein (SCP), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAPα), but significantly up regulated mRNA expression of fatty acid elongase (FAE), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Therefore, we conclude that high dose mercury induced thyroid function disruption, liver oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder by damaging thyroid and liver cell structures and altering the expression levels of relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Nailiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Honghong Kou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119 China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119 China.
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Zhang C, Pang Y, Zhang Q, Huang G, Xu M, Tang B, Cheng Y, Yang X. Hemolymph transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) with intact, left cheliped autotomy and bilateral eyestalk ablation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:266-275. [PMID: 30010018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the pond culture of Eriocheir sinensis, high limb-autotomy seriously affects the quality and culture's economic efficiency. Based on our previous studies, limb autotomy can induce the changes of hematological immune response in E. sinensis hemolymph. Eyestalk ablation can accelerate the regeneration of limbs after autotomy. To detect the important functional genes related to the hematological molecular immunity of E. sinensis, we compared and analyzed the hemolymph transcriptome data of the intact crab, left cheliped autotomized crabs and bilateral eyestalk ablation crabs with high-throughput sequencing techniques. The results showed that the three groups obtained 62 172 414, 68 143 682, and 67 811 618 clean reads, respectively. A total of 9567 differentially expressed genes were obtained by multiple comparison of the three groups' libraries. Gene ontology (GO) functional classification analysis shows that the differential genes belong to 42 categories of biological process, cellular components and molecular function. The differentially expressed genes in the three libraries were enriched to 344 specific KEGG metabolic pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis, such as the up-regulated gene (dual oxidase (Duox), tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHAQ)) in MAPK signaling pathway, the up-regulated gene (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH 1)) and down-regulated gene (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2 (UGT 2)) in metabolism of the xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway, the down-regulated gene (actin gene (AG), heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90)) in fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway. To verify the expression levels of DEGs identified by RNA-Seq, the above six hematological immune-related genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation, the qRT-PCR results were consistent with the DEGs results. Our research obtained abundant E. sinensis hemolymph transcriptome information by RNA-Seq, which provides multi-level information for the cloning of novel genes and the study of hemolymph molecular immunology mechanisms of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genyong Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Olsvik PA, Søfteland L. Metabolic effects of p,p′-DDE on Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:489-503. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pål A. Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen; Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture; Nord University; Bodø Norway
| | - Liv Søfteland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen; Norway
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12
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Chai L, Chen A, Luo P, Zhao H, Wang H. Histopathological changes and lipid metabolism in the liver of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles exposed to Triclosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:255-266. [PMID: 28500970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the adverse effects of TCS on liver health of B. gargarizans tadpoles were assessed. B. gargarizans larvae were exposed to TCS at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 150 μg L-1 from Gosner stage 3 until metamorphic climax. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), hepatic histological and ultrastructural features, and transcript levels of genes associated with detoxification and oxidative stress as well as lipid metabolism in the livers were determined. Exposure to 150 μg L-1 TCS resulted in increased HSI of tadpoles at metamorphic climax. Histological changes characterized by an increase in the number of melanomacrophage, nucleus pyknosis, and deposition of collagen fibers were observed in liver at 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS. Moreover, marked ultrastructural alterations including high electron dense in mitochondrial matrix and lipid accumulation were also observed. In addition, abundances of transcripts of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were decreased in larvae exposed to 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS, while transcript level of HSP90 was increased at 30 μg L-1 TCS. Also, abundances of transcripts of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP) were significantly lesser in larvae exposed to 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS. Overall, TCS at high levels induced histopathological changes in the liver of B. gargarizans tadpoles. This might have been due to the alteration of oxidative stress-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Pingping Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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de Paiva PP, Delcorso MC, Matheus VA, de Queiroz SCDN, Collares-Buzato CB, Arana S. Acute toxicity of commercial atrazine in Piaractus mesopotamicus: Histopathological, ultrastructural, molecular, and genotoxic evaluation. Vet World 2017; 10:1008-1019. [PMID: 29062187 PMCID: PMC5639096 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1008-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of Pacu fingerlings (Piaractus mesopotamicus) by measuring the effects of median lethal concentration (LC50) of atrazine (ATZ - 28.58 mg/L) after acute exposure (up to 96 h). Materials and Methods: The fish were exposed to the LC50 of ATZ for 96 h (28.58 mg/L) in a static system. During the experiment, the fingerlings were randomly distributed in four glass tanks (50 L) containing dechlorinated water. Four glass tanks were for the control group, and four were for the ATZ-exposed group (n=4 per glass tank), given a total number of 16 animals tested per group. The genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus (MN) test in erythrocytes from peripheral blood. Qualitative and semi-quantitative histopathological analyses, and also ultrastructural study, were applied in liver and kidney samples. Finally, the content of heat shock protein (Hsp70) in the liver was evaluated by the western blotting method. Results: The morphological alterations in the liver, which was associated with increased expression of Hsp70, included nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic hyaline inclusions, and necrosis. The kidney presented edema and tubular cell degeneration with cytoplasmic hyaline inclusion. The semi-quantitative histopathological analyses indicated that the liver was more sensitive than kidney to ATZ-induced damage. Ultrastructural analysis showed that ATZ caused membrane alterations in several organelles and increased the number of lysosomes in hepatocytes and kidney proximal tubular cells. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in MN frequency in erythrocytes comparing treated and control groups., Conclusion: These results indicated that ATZ-induced damage to the kidney and liver function, ATZ at the concentration tested did not induce a significant difference in MN frequency in Pacu erythrocytes comparing treated and control groups, and also that Pacu fingerlings may be a good bioindicator for testing freshwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pereira de Paiva
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cruz Delcorso
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Aparecida Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arana
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Po. Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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14
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yang Y, Yuan C, Jia J, Wang Z. Responses of gonadal transcriptome and physiological analysis following exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol in adult rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:209-215. [PMID: 28349872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen commonly used in the oral contraceptive pills, disrupts the sexual differentiation, gonadal development and reproduction in aquatic species. Nowadays aquatic species and even humans still have the potential risks of exposure to EE2. However, the mechanism of EE2 endocrine disruption is still unclear. Aiming to elucidate molecular mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptome profiling of gonads, gonadal histology and the sex steroid hormones in response to EE2 in G. rarus. Through this study, we obtained eight RNA-Seq libraries upon EE2 exposure, and found some key genes and pathways in correlation with the disruption effects of EE2. We found EE2 could disrupt oocyte development and spermatogenesis in adult G. rarus, and EE2 has more obvious disruption effects on male G. rarus than females. Interestingly, EE2 was indicated to be an exogenous DPC-inducing agent and ppp2r3b was suggested to be a spermatogenesis candidate gene in rare minnow. The differential gene expressions of rps30, samp9, ppp2r3b and spartan upon EE2 exposure suggest EE2's disruption effects on gonads could attribute to altered pathways of translation, ribosome biogenesis and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Cong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.
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15
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Yang L, Zha J, Wang Z. Pentachlorophenol affected both reproductive and interrenal systems: In silico and in vivo evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:174-183. [PMID: 27697705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects on reproductive and interrenal system by pentachlorophenol (PCP) using in silico and in vivo assays. Molecular docking results indicated interacting potency of PCP with steroid receptors (ERα, ERβ, AR, GR) but not Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). In the in vivo assay, sexually matured rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of PCP (0, 0.5, 5, 50 μg L-1). In male fish, 14-d exposure caused up-regulation of mRNA levels of hepatic erα, erβ, ar, gr, vtg and gonadal erα, vtg, ar, dmrt1, providing evidence for agonistic activities for steroid receptors by PCP. The up-regulated mRNA of gnrh, crf, pomc in the brain also indicated feed-forward responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/interrenal (HPG/I) axis. However, at 28th d the feed-forward response of the HPG axis seemed eased back and the HPI axis showed negative feedback responses. Corresponding changes including increases of plasma steroid hormones, inhibition of spermatogenesis, and decreased RSI were observed in male fish upon 28-d exposure to PCP. In the females, a transition from feed-forward responses to negative feedbacks of the HPG/I axis was also indicated by the transcriptional profiles at 14th and 28th day. Corresponding changes including increased E2, T and decreased C levels, degenerated ovaries, and decreased GSI and RSI were also observed. Overall, we concluded that PCP could interfere with steroid receptors, evoke responses of HPG/I axis, and finally result in adverse effects on reproductive and interrenal system in rare minnow at environmental relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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16
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Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Christofoletti CA, Correia JE, de Souza RB, Moreira-de-Sousa C, Marcato ACDC, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fontanetti CS. Liver alterations in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces) induced by insecticide imidacloprid: Histopathology and heat shock protein in situ localization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:881-887. [PMID: 27764581 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1240559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is very sensitive to environmental contaminants such as pesticides, it being the first target of toxicity of a substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus according concentrations used for growing sugarcane. A semi-quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations of IMI on liver was performed by light microscopy and cellular labeling of heat shock proteins (HSP70) by immunohistochemistry. The most common changes in liver at all concentrations of IMI were hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, and loss of cell limits. Steatosis and increased levels of HSP70 were detected in hepatocytes with the highest concentration of IMI. In conclusion, the tested concentrations of IMI induced histopathological changes in the liver of O. niloticus and active defence mechanisms to maintain the morphophysiological integrity of the liver. This insecticide has a toxicity potential for these fish, which is a non-target organism of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge E Correia
- a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Odair C Bueno
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- d Department of Biology , UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos , Sorocaba, São Paulo , Brazil
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17
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Sai L, Qu B, Li Y, Jia Q, Bo C, Liu Y, Yu G, Xie L, Li L, Ng JC, Peng C. Continued Studies on the Effects of Simazine on the Liver Histological Structure and Metamorphosis in the Developing Xenopus laevis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:517-520. [PMID: 27485009 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study continued our previous work (Sai et al. in Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 95:157-163, 2015a) by analysing the effects of simazine on the liver histological structure and metamorphosis in the developing Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles (Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 46) were exposed to simazine at 0.1, 1.2, 11.0 and 100.9 μg/L for 100 days. When tadpoles were exposed to simazine at 11.0 and 100.9 µg/L, an increased mortality and damaged liver tissues were observed together with significant inhibition of percent of X. laevis completing metamorphosis on days 80 and 90 and prolonged time of completing metamorphosis. On the other hand, we found that simazine has no significant effects on liver weight and altered hepatosomatic index. Results of this study may be considered to inform risk assessment of the effects of simazine on the development of X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sai
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
| | - Binpeng Qu
- China Shandong Medical College, Jinan, 250002, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Cunxiang Bo
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhong Liu
- Weihai Wendeng Center Hospital, Weihai, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, 4108, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, 4108, Australia
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18
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Toxicogenomic applications of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in aquatic toxicology. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 19:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mathieu-Denoncourt J, Wallace SJ, de Solla SR, Langlois VS. Plasticizer endocrine disruption: Highlighting developmental and reproductive effects in mammals and non-mammalian aquatic species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:74-88. [PMID: 25448254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to their versatility, robustness, and low production costs, plastics are used in a wide variety of applications. Plasticizers are mixed with polymers to increase flexibility of plastics. However, plasticizers are not covalently bound to plastics, and thus leach from products into the environment. Several studies have reported that two common plasticizers, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, induce adverse health effects in vertebrates; however few studies have addressed their toxicity to non-mammalian species. The aim of this review is to compare the effects of plasticizers in animals, with a focus on aquatic species. In summary, we identified three main chains of events that occur in animals exposed to BPA and phthalates. Firstly, plasticizers affect development by altering both the thyroid hormone and growth hormone axes. Secondly, these chemicals interfere with reproduction by decreasing cholesterol transport through the mitochondrial membrane, leading to reduced steroidogenesis. Lastly, exposure to plasticizers leads to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the increase of fatty acid oxidation, and the reduction in the ability to cope with the augmented oxidative stress leading to reproductive organ malformations, reproductive defects, and decreased fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathieu-Denoncourt
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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20
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Xing H, Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang X, Xu S. Acute and subchronic toxic effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Immunotoxicity assessments. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:327-333. [PMID: 25917970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are widely used pesticides in agricultural practices throughout world. It has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. The spleen and head kidney in the bony fish are the major hematopoietic organs, and play a crucial part in immune responses. This study evaluated the subchronic effects of ATR and CPF on the mRNA and protein levels of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the immune organs of common carp and compared the acute and subchronic effects of ATR and CPF on the swimming speed (SS) of common carp. The results of acute toxicity tests showed that the 96 h-LC50 of ATR and CPF for common carp was determined to be 2.142 and 0.582 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, acute and subacute toxicity of ATR and CPF in common carp resulted in hypoactivity. We also found that the mRNA and protein levels of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 genes were induced in the spleen and head kidney of common carp exposed to ATR and CPF in the subchronic toxicity test. Our results indicate that ATR and CPF are highly toxic to common carp, and hypoactivity in common carp by acute and subchronic toxicity of ATR and CPF may provide a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of triazine herbicide and organophosphorous pesticides to aquatic organisms. In addition, the results from the subchronic toxicity test exhibited that increasing concentration of ATR and CPF in the environment causes considerable stress for common carp, suggesting that ATR and CPF exposure cause immunotoxicity to common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Center of Conservation Medicine & Ecological Safety, Northeast Forestry Univ., PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, PR China; College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry Univ., PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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21
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Van Der Kraak GJ, Hosmer AJ, Hanson ML, Kloas W, Solomon KR. Effects of atrazine in fish, amphibians, and reptiles: an analysis based on quantitative weight of evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 44 Suppl 5:1-66. [PMID: 25375889 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.967836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative weight of evidence (WoE) approach was developed to evaluate studies used for regulatory purposes, as well as those in the open literature, that report the effects of the herbicide atrazine on fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The methodology for WoE analysis incorporated a detailed assessment of the relevance of the responses observed to apical endpoints directly related to survival, growth, development, and reproduction, as well as the strength and appropriateness of the experimental methods employed. Numerical scores were assigned for strength and relevance. The means of the scores for relevance and strength were then used to summarize and weigh the evidence for atrazine contributing to ecologically significant responses in the organisms of interest. The summary was presented graphically in a two-dimensional graph which showed the distributions of all the reports for a response. Over 1290 individual responses from studies in 31 species of fish, 32 amphibians, and 8 reptiles were evaluated. Overall, the WoE showed that atrazine might affect biomarker-type responses, such as expression of genes and/or associated proteins, concentrations of hormones, and biochemical processes (e.g. induction of detoxification responses), at concentrations sometimes found in the environment. However, these effects were not translated to adverse outcomes in terms of apical endpoints. The WoE approach provided a quantitative, transparent, reproducible, and robust framework that can be used to assist the decision-making process when assessing environmental chemicals. In addition, the process allowed easy identification of uncertainty and inconsistency in observations, and thus clearly identified areas where future investigations can be best directed.
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22
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Zhu L, Li W, Zha J, Wang Z. Dicamba affects sex steroid hormone level and mRNA expression of related genes in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:693-703. [PMID: 24420721 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dicamba is a benzoic acid herbicide that has been detected in surface and ground water. The herbicide has been shown to have cytogeneic and DNA damaging effects and to cause organ damage in mammals; however, little is known about the endocrine disrupting effects of dicamba in fish. In this study, histological changes, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and sex hormone levels, and mRNA expression of sex steroid hormone-related genes were determined in adult rare minnow exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of dicamba (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) for 40 days. The results showed inhibition of spermatogenesis in male testes and ovarian degeneration in females. Plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) levels were significantly increased in both genders, and plasma VTG levels were significantly increased in males (p<0.05). These results indicate that sex hormone homeostasis and normal reproduction of fish could be affected by dicamba. Moreover, the mRNA levels of vtg were significantly upregulated in the livers and gonads of both male and female rare minnows (p < 0.05). The downregulation of cytochrome P450c19a (cyp19a) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star) mRNA levels, and the upregulation of cytochrome P450c17 (cyp17) mRNA levels were observed in the livers and ovaries (p<0.05). The results of the mRNA analysis suggest that changes in steroid hormone-related gene expression could serve as a regulatory mechanism to maintain sex hormone homeostasis. Overall, dicamba exposure could result in histological lesions, plasma VTG increases, changes in sex hormone levels, and alterations of hormone-related gene expression. Therefore, dicamba should be considered to be a potential endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Shuangqing Rd 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
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23
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Xing H, Wang Z, Wu H, Zhao X, Liu T, Li S, Xu S. Assessment of pesticide residues and gene expression in common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos: Health risk assessments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:491-498. [PMID: 25568939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impacts of atrazine (ATR), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and combined ATR/CPF exposure on the kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to CPF and ATR, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the expression levels of heat shock proteins genes (HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) and pesticide residues in the kidney tissue. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 were induced in the kidney of common carp by ATR, CPF, and ATR/CPF mixture. The accumulated amounts of ATR, CPF, and their metabolites in the kidney tissues exhibited dose-dependency. These results exhibited that increasing concentration of ATR and CPF in the environment causes considerable stress for common carp, suggesting that the expression levels of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 may act as potential biomarkers for assessing the environmental ATR and CPF risk for carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongda Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Heilongjiang Province, 368 Xuefu Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Xing H, Wang Z, Gao X, Chen D, Wang L, Li S, Xu S. Atrazine and chlorpyrifos exposure induces liver autophagic response in common carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:52-58. [PMID: 25483372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, autophagy occurs at basal levels but can be induced rapidly in response to stress conditions and extracellular signals. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that the expression of autophagy-related genes play very important roles in toxicology. Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. This study assessed the effects of ATR, CPF and combined ATR/CPF exposure on the liver of common carp. Carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to ATR and CPF, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy-related genes in the liver. In addition, we also investigated the change in ultrastructure in the liver. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B) and dynein were significantly induced in the treated groups compared to the solvent control group. Transmission electron microscope assays indicated that autolysosomes were observed in the exposure and recovery groups. These results indicated that ATR and CPF could induce autophagy in carp liver. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to study the autophagy effects caused by sub-chronic exposure to ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF combination in common carp. The information presented in the present study may provide new insights into the mechanisms used by fish to adapt to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130032, PR China
| | - Dechun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Mathieu-Denoncourt J, Martyniuk CJ, de Solla SR, Balakrishnan VK, Langlois VS. Sediment contaminated with the Azo Dye disperse yellow 7 alters cellular stress- and androgen-related transcription in Silurana tropicalis larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2952-2961. [PMID: 24467182 DOI: 10.1021/es500263x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are the most commonly used type of dye, accounting for 60-70% of all organic dye production worldwide. They are used as direct dyes in the textile, leather, printing ink, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of the disazo dye Disperse Yellow 7 (DY7) in frogs to address a knowledge gap regarding mechanisms of toxicity and the potential for endocrine disrupting properties. Larvae of Silurana tropicalis (Western clawed frog) were exposed to DY7-contaminated water (0 to 22 μg/L) and sediment (0 to 209 μg/g) during early larval development. The concentrations used included the range of similar azo dyes found in surface waters in Canada. A significant decrease in tadpole survivorship was observed at 209 μg/g while there was a significant increase in malformations at the two highest concentrations tested in sediment. In the 209 μg/g treatment, DY7 significantly induced hsp70 (2.5-fold) and hsp90 (2.4-fold) mRNA levels, suggesting that cells required oxidative protection. The same treatment also altered the expression of two androgen-related genes: decreased ar (2-fold) and increased srd5a2 (2.6-fold). Furthermore, transcriptomics generated new hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of toxic action of DY7. Gene network analysis revealed that high concentrations of DY7 in sediment induced cellular stress-related gene transcription and affected genes associated with necrotic cell death, chromosome condensation, and mRNA processing. This study is the first to report on sublethal end points for azo dyes in amphibians, a growing environmental pollutant of concern for aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathieu-Denoncourt
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada , Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4
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Park K, Kwak IS. Characterize and Gene Expression of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Marine Crab Charybdis japonica following Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:e2014002. [PMID: 24955332 PMCID: PMC4064113 DOI: 10.5620/eht.2014.29.e2014002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone important in the maturation of a broad spectrum of protein. In this study, an HSP90 gene was isolated from Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica, as a bio-indicator to monitor the marine ecosystem. METHODS This work reports the responses of C. japonica HSP90 mRNA expression to cellular stress by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) using real-time. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The deduced amino acid sequence of HSP90 from C. japonica shared a high degree of homology with their homologues in other species. In a phylogenetic analysis, C. japonica HSP90 is evolutionally related with an ortholog of the other crustacean species. The expression of HSP90 gene was almost distributed in all the examined tissues of the C. japonica crab but expression levels varied among the different body parts of the crabs. We examined HSP90 mRNA expression pattern in C. japonica crabs exposed to EDCs for various exposure times. The expression of HSP90 transcripts was significantly increased in C. japonica crabs exposed to BPA and NP at different concentrations for 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours. The mRNA expression of HSP90 gene was significantly induced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after BPA or NP exposures for 96 hours. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, expression analysis of Asian paddle crab HSP90 gene provided useful molecular information about crab responses in stress conditions and potential ways to monitor the EDCs stressors in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Department of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
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Wang C, Li Z, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Liu W. Enantioselective induction of cytotoxicity by o,p'-DDD in PC12 cells: implications of chirality in risk assessment of POPs metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3909-3917. [PMID: 23485034 DOI: 10.1021/es3049306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increased release of chiral persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment has resulted in more attention to the role of enantioselectivity in the fate and ecotoxicological effects of these compounds. Although the enantioselectivity of chiral POPs has been considered in previous studies, little effort has been expended to discern the enantiospecific effects of chiral POPs metabolites, which may impede comprehensive risk assessments of these chemicals. In the present study, o,p'-DDD, the chiral metabolite of o,p'-DDT, was used as a model chiral metabolite. First, a preferential chiral separation at 100% ethanol was employed to obtain a pure enantiomer. The enantioselective cytotoxicity of o,p'-DDD in rat cells (PC12) was evaluated by detecting activation of the cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress systems and microarray analysis. We have documented for the first time that R-(+)-o,p'-DDD increases apoptosis by selectively disturbing the oxidative system (enzymes and molecules) and regulating the transcription of Aven, Bid, Cideb and Tp53. By comparing the data from the present study to data derived from the parent compound, we concluded that the R-enantiomer is the more detrimental stereostructure for both o,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDD. This observed stereostructural effect is in line with the structure-activity relationship formulated at other structural levels. Biological activities of the chiral metabolites are likely to occur in the same absolute configuration between chiral POPs and their metabolites provided that they have the similar stereostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xing H, Li S, Wang X, Gao X, Xu S, Wang X. Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the mRNA levels of HSP70 and HSC70 in the liver, brain, kidney and gill of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:910-6. [PMID: 22801242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the chaperone role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been demonstrated in invertebrates, the function of HSPs in vertebrates, especially in fish, remains unclear. In this study, relative changes in the mRNA abundance of the HSP70 gene were examined by real-time PCR in the muscle, spleen, head kidney, heart, liver, brain, kidney and gill of common carp. Results indicated that the highest and lowest levels of HSP70 expression were found in the heart and muscle, respectively, and the highest and lowest levels of HSC70 expression were found in the spleen and muscle, respectively. In addition, we investigated differential HSP70 gene expression in common carp after a 40-d exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) and atrazine (ATR), alone or in combination, and after a 20-d recovery. Results indicated that the expression of carp HSP70 and 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein (HSC70) with ATR and CPF treatment alone or in combination was significantly upregulated. The present results provide new insights into the mechanisms used by fish to adapt to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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29
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Flynn K, Wedin MB, Bonventre JA, Dillon-White M, Hines J, Weeks BS, André C, Schreibman MP, Gagné F. Burrowing in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata is sexually dimorphic and feminized by low levels of atrazine. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2013; 76:1168-81. [PMID: 24279817 PMCID: PMC4369575 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.845865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The widely used herbicide atrazine (ATR) may have endocrine-associated adverse effects, including on behavior. In this study, 120 adult freshwater mussels, Elliptio complanata, were exposed to ATR at the environmentally relevant concentrations of 1.5, 15, or 150 μg/L. Burrowing depth was evaluated hourly for 6 h and at sacrifice animals were sexed by gonad smear. Female controls burrowed overall approximately 30% less than males, the first report of sexual dimorphism in this behavior. Atrazine at 15 μg/L feminized burrowing in both sexes, in that exposed animals burrowed 20% less than their same-sex controls. Males treated with 1.5 μg /L ATR displayed approximately 20-fold higher vitellogenin (VTG) levels than same-sex controls. Higher concentrations of ATR were not associated with increasing effects. A scatterplot showed a weak binomial curve associating low burrowing with high VTG levels. Taken together, these data suggest a nonlinear dose response in behavioral and physiological feminization produced by ATR and support the need to reconsider the widespread use of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Flynn
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
| | - Maria Belopolsky Wedin
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
- Honors College, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
| | | | - Marsha Dillon-White
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
| | - Jessica Hines
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
- Honors College, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
| | - Benjamin S. Weeks
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City NY 11530 USA
| | - Chantale André
- Emerging Methods Section, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Qc, Canada H2Y2E7
| | - Martin P. Schreibman
- Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center (AREAC), Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn NY 11210 USA
| | - Francois Gagné
- Emerging Methods Section, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Qc, Canada H2Y2E7
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Chandra K, Bosker T, Hogan N, Lister A, MacLatchy D, Currie S. Sustained high temperature increases the vitellogenin response to 17α-ethynylestradiol in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 118-119:130-140. [PMID: 22561700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an estuarine fish of the western Atlantic, were acclimated to three salinities (0, 16 or 32 ppt) or three temperatures (10, 20 or 26 °C) and exposed to nominal 50 or 250 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) for 14 days. In a separate experiment, fish were exposed to the same levels of EE2 and were subjected to a 1h heat shock (20-30 °C) on the 14th day and allowed to recover for 20 h. We were interested in whether or not susceptibility to EE2 exposure, as indicated by increases in vitellogenin (vtg) gene expression would change with high and low salinity, warm or cold temperature acclimation or acute heat shock. We also investigated the potential role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) under these conditions. Liver vtg1 mRNA was significantly induced in male mummichog exposed to 50 and 250 ng/L EE2, but salinity acclimation or acute heat shock did not further affect this induction. Males acclimated to 26 °C and exposed to 250 ng/L EE2 induced 3.5-fold more vtg1 mRNA than EE2 exposed males acclimated to 10 °C. HSP90 and HSP70 protein were largely unaffected by EE2 exposure. Our findings suggest that mummichog are more susceptible to EE2 under sustained temperature increases that may occur seasonally or with warming of coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish Chandra
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4087, USA
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Andrea Lister
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah MacLatchy
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
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Han Z, Jiao S, Kong D, Shan Z, Zhang X. Effects of β-endosulfan on the growth and reproduction of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2525-2531. [PMID: 21842492 DOI: 10.1002/etc.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of persistent organic pollution in aquatic environments, the widely used organochlorine pesticide endosulfan, which is a potential endocrine disruptor, is expected to pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms. In the present study, we explored the potential endocrine-disrupting risk of β-endosulfan by investigating its effect on the growth, reproduction, plasma vitellogenin, and organ histology of adult zebrafish. We found that, although β-endosulfan did not significantly affect the growth of zebrafish, it greatly decreased the hatching rate, even at a concentration as low as 10 ng/L. Interestingly, the decrease of the hatching rate was highly correlated with pathological alterations of the testes. Additionally, the values of the gonadosomatic index were significantly reduced in female zebrafish treated with 200 ng/L β-endosulfan, which was also closely associated with ovarian histological changes. More importantly, a significant increase in the level of vitellogenin was observed in all male fish treated with β-endosulfan. Based on these findings, we conclude that β-endosulfan severely affects the reproductive function of zebrafish and the synthesis of vitellogenin in the liver, and thus, β-endosulfan has a serious endocrine disruption function in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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