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Green D, Bluhm K, Brinkmann M, Raes K, Lane T, Liber K, Janz DM, Hecker M. Cross-species apical microinjected selenomethionine toxicity in embryo-larval fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169338. [PMID: 38104801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that becomes toxic when exposures minimally exceed those that are physiologically required. Studies on Se contaminated aquatic environments have identified that embryo-larval fishes are at particular risk of Se toxicity, primarily due to maternal Se transfer to developing eggs during oogenesis. This study emulated these exposures in embryo-larval fathead minnow (FHM), rainbow trout (RBT), white sucker (WSu), and white sturgeon (WSt) using embryonic selenomethionine (SeMet) microinjections. Adverse Se-outcomes observed across these species included spinal and edematous deformities, total individuals deformed, and reduced survival. Spinal deformity was the most sensitive sublethal endpoint and developed at the lowest concentrations in WSt (10 % effects concentration (EC10) = 12.42 μg (total) Se/g dry weight (d.w.)) followed by WSu (EC10 = 14.49 μg Se/g d.w.) and FHM (EC10 = 18.10 μg Se/g d.w.). High mortality was observed in RBT, but SeMet influences were confounded by the species' innate sensitivity to the microinjections themselves. 5 % hazardous concentrations derived across exposure type data subsets were ∼49 % higher when derived from within-species maternal transfer exclusive data as opposed to all, or within-species microinjection exclusive, data. These results support the current exclusion of SeMet microinjections during regulatory guideline derivation and their inclusion when studying mechanistic Se toxicity across phylogenetically distant fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Green
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bluhm
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Katherine Raes
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Taylor Lane
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada.
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Rzepkowska M, Głowacka DK, Szczepkowski M, Fajkowska M. Hepatotoxic effect of dietary phytoestrogens on juvenile cultured Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106639. [PMID: 37515925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, much controversy has grown over the use of soybean products in aquafeeds, especially for carnivorous fish like sturgeons. One point of discussion is the effect of soybean phytoestrogens on fish health. There are many aspects of phytoestrogen utilization in aquafeeds, therefore, the aim of this study is to verify if common legume phytoestrogens can affect juvenile cultured sturgeon erythrocyte and hepatocyte genotoxicity and cause liver pathology. Russian sturgeons were fed from 100 till 365 dph1 with daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol supplemented diets in concentrations: 10, 0.05 and 0.001 g kg-1 of feed, respectively. The SCGE2 method combined with qPCR of three genes involved in DNA repair and genome maintenance, namely cyp1a1, gaad45a and p53 were analyzed. The results were compared with histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. In fish fed with coumestrol supplemented diet, DNA strand damage was the highest in both erythrocytes and hepatocytes, however, simultaneously the lowest level of oxidative DNA damage was found. Additionally, slightly elevated expression of the p53 gene was observed along with a decreased number of apoptotic hepatocytes, which suggests that low concentration of coumestrol may support DNA repair mechanisms in the liver. Although, daidzein showed a preventive effect only against fibrosis. Isoflavones did not show a significant effect on DNA damage in studied cells. Genistein was found to increase macro- and microvesicular steatosis, portal hepatitis and fibrosis, indicating its negative role in the development of liver injuries. Daidzein alleviated some sturgeon liver damage, especially macrovesicular steatosis and interface hepatitis. However, it increased hepatocyte apoptosis, which may suggest daidzein potentially inducing liver injury, though not manifested by other histopathological lesions. Therefore, it can be concluded that at given concentrations, the tested phytoestrogens did not show clearly hepatoprotective effect in sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kinga Głowacka
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szczepkowski
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute in Olsztyn, Pieczarki 50, Pozezdrze 11-610, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fajkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland
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Chen F, Wang L, Zhang D, Li S, Zhang X. Effect of an Established Nutritional Level of Selenium on Energy Metabolism and Gene Expression in the Liver of Rainbow Trout. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3829-3840. [PMID: 34750741 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional selenium (Se) has been demonstrated to have health-boosting effects on fish. However, its effect on fish energy metabolism remains unclear. This study explores the effect and underlying mechanism of the action of nutritional Se on energy metabolism in fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed a basal diet (0 mg Se/kg diet) and a diet containing an already established nutritional Se level (2 mg Se/kg diet, based on Se-yeast) for 30 days. After the feeding experiment, the plasma and liver biochemical profiles and liver transcriptome were analyzed. The results showed that the present nutritional level of Se significantly increased liver triglyceride, total cholesterol, and plasma total cholesterol contents (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Transcriptome analysis showed that 336 and 219 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Gene enrichment analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with lipid metabolism pathways (fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis), carbohydrate metabolism pathways (glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the citrate cycle), and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) validation results showed that the expression profiles of 15 genes exhibited similar trends both in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Q-PCR analysis. These results reveal that optimum dietary Se activates glucose catabolic processes, fatty acid biosynthetic processes, and energy production and hence produces higher liver lipid content. This study concludes that the previously established level of nutritional Se (Se-yeast) (2 mg/kg diet, fed basis) for rainbow trout promotes energy storage in the liver, which may benefit fish growth to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianfu Zhang
- Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Lall SP, Kaushik SJ. Nutrition and Metabolism of Minerals in Fish. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092711. [PMID: 34573676 PMCID: PMC8466162 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our aim is to introduce the mineral nutrition of fish and explain the complexity of determining requirements for these elements, which are absorbed and excreted by the fish into the surrounding water. To date, only the requirements for nine minerals have been investigated. The review is focused on the absorption and the dietary factors that reduce their absorption from feed ingredients of plant and animal origin. Some diseases, such as cataracts, anemia and bone deformity, have been linked to dietary deficiency of minerals. Abstract Aquatic animals have unique physiological mechanisms to absorb and retain minerals from their diets and water. Research and development in the area of mineral nutrition of farmed fish and crustaceans have been relatively slow and major gaps exist in the knowledge of trace element requirements, physiological functions and bioavailability from feed ingredients. Quantitative dietary requirements have been reported for three macroelements (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) and six trace minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and selenium) for selected fish species. Mineral deficiency signs in fish include reduced bone mineralization, anorexia, lens cataracts (zinc), skeletal deformities (phosphorus, magnesium, zinc), fin erosion (copper, zinc), nephrocalcinosis (magnesium deficiency, selenium toxicity), thyroid hyperplasia (iodine), muscular dystrophy (selenium) and hypochromic microcytic anemia (iron). An excessive intake of minerals from either diet or gill uptake causes toxicity and therefore a fine balance between mineral deficiency and toxicity is vital for aquatic organisms to maintain their homeostasis, either through increased absorption or excretion. Release of minerals from uneaten or undigested feed and from urinary excretion can cause eutrophication of natural waters, which requires additional consideration in feed formulation. The current knowledge in mineral nutrition of fish is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh P. Lall
- National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.P.L.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Sadasivam J. Kaushik
- Retd. INRA, 64310 St Pée sur Nivelle, France
- Ecoaqua Institute, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.P.L.); (S.J.K.)
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Wang K, Liu L, He Y, Qu C, Miao J. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with κ-Selenocarrageenan on the Selenium Accumulation and Intestinal Microbiota of the Sea Cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2753-2763. [PMID: 32974844 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of κ-selenocarrageenan on the growth performance, selenium accumulation, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus, with different sizes (70 g ± 10 g and 100 g ± 10 g). Sea cucumbers of each size were randomly assigned into two groups; a diet without supplemented κ-selenocarrageenan was referred to as a control diet, or supplemented with κ-selenocarrageenan at selenium (Se) levels of 2.0 μg/g. Selenium accumulation in the body wall and intestine was determined on days 0, 10, 20, and 30. The survival rate (SR) was significantly higher in the κ-selenocarrageenan-treated group (Se group) than in the control group. After 30 days of feeding, κ-selenocarrageenan supplementation increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in A. japonicus. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota diversity of sea cucumbers was increased by dietary supplementation with κ-selenocarrageenan and the relative abundances of some probiotics (such as Sulfitobacter and Rhodobacteraceae) were also increased. It is suggested that κ-selenocarrageenan could increase the antioxidant capacity and modulate the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers A. japonicus. Further researches will be conducted for its optimal administration concentrations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingying He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
- Department of Specialty Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Yin J, Wang L, Wang L, Huang T, Zhang X. Pretreatment with selenium prevented the accumulation of hexavalent chromium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and reduced the potential health risk of fish consumption. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee JW, Deng DF, Lee J, Kim K, Jung HJ, Choe Y, Park SH, Yoon M. The adverse effects of selenomethionine on skeletal muscle, liver, and brain in the steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103451. [PMID: 32599160 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (average weight: 22.3 g) were fed one of five selenomethionine diets (1.09, 8.79, 15.37, 30.79, or 61.58 mg Se/kg diet). After 4 weeks, hepatic catalase activity over 15.37 mg Se/kg diets was significantly decreased, and the glutathione peroxidase activity over 30.79 mg Se/kg diets was elevated compared to the controls. In the brain, the dopamine levels at 61.58 mg Se/kg diet and the serotonin levels over 15.37 mg Se/kg diets were significantly increased, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and dopamine turnover, and the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and serotonin turnover over 30.79 mg Se/kg diets were decreased. In muscle, the 3-nitrotyrosine level over 15.37 mg Se/kg diets, acetylcholine esterase activity over 30.79 mg Se/kg diets, and histological alterations over 8.79 mg Se/kg diets were increased. Our current results showed that selenomethionine disrupted dopamine and serotonin metabolism in the brain and damaged the neuromuscular system in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Integrated Bioindustry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Fang Deng
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53217, USA
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Integrated Bioindustry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Aging Neuroscience Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Aging Neuroscience Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Minjung Yoon
- Department of Horse, Companion and Wild Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, South Korea.
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Influence of Thermal Pollution on the Physiological Conditions and Bioaccumulation of Metals, Metalloids, and Trace Metals in Whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124343. [PMID: 32570801 PMCID: PMC7352667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kola nuclear power plant, which discharges warm water into one of the bays of subarctic Lake Imandra, significantly changes fish habitats. The temperature gradient of the lake is between 2 and 8 °C, which makes it significantly different from the natural temperature of the lake water. The stenothermal cold-water native species (lake whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.)), living for more than 40 years under conditions of thermal pollution, has adapted to this stressor. Moreover, this population differs favorably from the population in the natural-temperature environment in terms of its physiological state. Firstly, the hemoglobin concentrations in the fish blood are in the range of the ecological optimum, and secondly, it has a higher somatic growth, as estimated by Fulton’s condition factor. One of its main adaptive mechanisms of ion regulation is an intense metabolism of Na due to the high respiratory activity of the whitefish in warmer water. An increased accumulation of Rb and excretion of Se, Mo, and Si are associated more or less with that feature. Under conditions of an increased water temperature, the main metabolic need is due to a deficiency of Se in fish. The intensive metabolism of selenoproteins may involve risks of toxic effects and the bioaccumulation of Hg, As, and Cu in cases of increased existing stressors or the appearance of new ones.
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Lane T, Green D, Bluhm K, Raes K, Janz DM, Liber K, Hecker M. In ovo exposure of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to selenomethionine via maternal transfer and embryo microinjection: A comparative study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105299. [PMID: 31593906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of concern that is known to contaminate aquatic ecosystems as a consequence of releases from anthropogenic activities. Selenium is of particular toxicological concern for egg-laying vertebrates as they bioaccumulate Se through the diet and deposit excess Se to embryo-offspring via maternal transfer, a process which has been shown to result in significant teratogenic effects. The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the in ovo effects of Se exposure on early development of a laboratory model fish species native to North American freshwater systems, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), through two different exposure routes, maternal transfer and microinjection. For maternal transfer studies, fathead minnow breeding groups (3 females: 2 males) were exposed to diets containing Se-background levels (1.21 μg Se/g food, dry mass [dm]) or environmentally relevant concentrations of selenomethionine (SeMet; 3.88, 8.75 and 26.5 μg Se/g food dm) and bred for 28 days. Embryos were collected at different time points throughout the study to measure Se concentrations and to assess teratogenicity in embryos. While exposure to dietary Se did not negatively affect fecundity among treatment groups, the lowest treatment group (3.88 μg Se/g food dm) produced on average the most embryos per day, per female. The maternal transfer of excess Se occurred rapidly upon onset of exposure, reaching steady-state after approximately 14 days, and embryo Se concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner. The greatest concentrations of maternally transferred Se significantly increased the total proportion of deformed embryo-larval fathead minnows but did not impact hatchability or survival. In a second study, fathead minnow embryos were injected with SeMet at concentrations of 0.00 (vehicle control), 9.73, 13.5 and 18.9 μg Se/g embryo dm. Microinjection of SeMet did not affect hatchability but significantly increased the proportion of deformed embryo-larval fish in a dose-dependent manner. There was a greater proportion of deformed fathead minnows at embryo Se concentrations of 18.9 μg Se/g embryo dm when exposed via microinjection versus maternal transfer at concentrations of 28.4 μg Se/g embryo dm. However, the findings suggest that both exposure routes induced analogous developmental toxicities in early life stage fish at Se concentrations between 9.73 and 13.5 μg Se/g embryo dm. Overall, this study demonstrated that microinjection has utility for studying the effects of Se in embryo-larval fish and is a promising method for the study of early life stage Se exposure in egg-laying vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Lane
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Derek Green
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Kerstin Bluhm
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Katherine Raes
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - David M Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada.
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Pham HD, Siddik MAB, Fotedar R, Nguyen CM, Nahar A, Gupta SK. Total Bioavailable Organic Selenium in Fishmeal-Based Diet Influences Growth and Physiology of Juvenile Cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766). Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:541-549. [PMID: 30414003 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of supplemental organic selenium (Se) extracted from selenoyeast on the growth performance, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, biochemical status and liver histochemistry of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Six experimental diets were prepared supplemented with Se with total concentration of 1.52 (Se-1.52), 1.93 (Se-1.93), 2.29 (Se-2.29), 2.71 (Se-2.71) and 3.14 (Se-3.14) mg/kg of total Se in the diets and a fishmeal-based control diet without Se supplementation containing 1.15 (Se-1.15) mg/kg of Se was used as control. Experimental diets were fed to the fish of six treatment groups in triplicate twice daily for 8 weeks. Juvenile cobia fed dietary Se of 1.93, 2.29 and 2.71 mg/kg showed increased final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) than the fish fed the control diet. Se accumulations in the muscle and liver tissue displayed a positive linear relationship with dietary Se levels. Se deficiency was apparent in fish fed the control diet and displayed reduced growth and feed efficiency. Red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cobia fed dietary Se between 1.52 to 2.71 mg/kg than the fish fed 3.14-mg/kg Se diet. Glutathione peroxidase activity significantly (P < 0.05) declined in the group fed with control diet compared to fish fed Se-supplemental diet. Juvenile cobia fed the highest Se level (Se-3.14 mg/kg) showed toxic effects in the liver, including histopathological lesions in the liver. Based on the results obtained for FBW, SGR, tissue Se retention and haematological parameters, we conclude that optimal dietary Se requirement for juvenile cobia fed commercial diets is 2.32 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Duc Pham
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Chau Minh Nguyen
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.3, 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Ashfaqun Nahar
- Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjay K Gupta
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi-834010, Jharkhand, India.
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11
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Lee J, Hong S, Sun JH, Moon JK, Boo KH, Lee SM, Lee JW. Toxicity of dietary selenomethionine in juvenile steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: tissue burden, growth performance, body composition, hematological parameters, and liver histopathology. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:755-765. [PMID: 30965246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the species most at risk from selenium (Se) exposure in the San Francisco Bay Delta (SFBD). However, although steelhead trout are usually exposed to environmental Se in the juvenile stage, data to test their sensitivity to excess Se, especially its organic form, in the juvenile stage are scarce. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess the sensitivity of juvenile steelhead trout to ecologically relevant forms of Se using integrated sensitive endpoints. Fish (mean weight: 22.3 g) were fed one of five diets containing 1.1 (control), 8.8, 15.4, 30.8, and 61.6 μg Se/g diet dw (Se1.1, Se8.8, Se15.4, Se30.8, and Se61.6, respectively) in the form of selenomethionine for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, Se significantly accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in all tissues at different rates. The growth rate and plasma cholesterol were significantly depressed in fish fed diets containing Se30.8 and above. Hematological parameters and mortality were significantly elevated in fish fed the Se61.6 diet. Marked histopathological alterations were observed in fish fed the Se8.8 diet (the lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC) and above. The current results suggest that the steelhead trout is more sensitive to excess Se than nonanadromous rainbow trout used in previous studies because of its lower LOEC despite the use of selenomethionine and the shorter experimental duration. Additionally, it should be noted that the current Se levels found in the SFBD are already a threat to the threatened population of steelhead trout on the central California coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Lee
- Department of Integrated Bio-industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Sokjin Hong
- Environmental Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Korea
| | - Jung-Hun Sun
- Department of Plant Life & Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
| | - Joon-Kwan Moon
- Department of Plant Life & Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Boo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Korea
| | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Integrated Bio-industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
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12
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Rodgers EM, Poletto JB, Gomez Isaza DF, Van Eenennaam JP, Connon RE, Todgham AE, Seesholtz A, Heublein JC, Cech JJ, Kelly JT, Fangue NA. Integrating physiological data with the conservation and management of fishes: a meta-analytical review using the threatened green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz035. [PMID: 31281658 PMCID: PMC6601218 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversing global declines in the abundance and diversity of fishes is dependent on science-based conservation solutions. A wealth of data exist on the ecophysiological constraints of many fishes, but much of this information is underutilized in recovery plans due to a lack of synthesis. Here, we used the imperiled green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) as an example of how a quantitative synthesis of physiological data can inform conservation plans, identify knowledge gaps and direct future research actions. We reviewed and extracted metadata from peer-reviewed papers on green sturgeon. A total of 105 publications were identified, spanning multiple disciplines, with the primary focus being conservation physiology (23.8%). A meta-analytical approach was chosen to summarize the mean effects of prominent stressors (elevated temperatures, salinity, low food availability and contaminants) on several physiological traits (growth, thermal tolerance, swimming performance and heat shock protein expression). All examined stressors significantly impaired green sturgeon growth, and additional stressor-specific costs were documented. These findings were then used to suggest several management actions, such as mitigating salt intrusion in nursery habitats and maintaining water temperatures within optimal ranges during peak spawning periods. Key data gaps were also identified; research efforts have been biased towards juvenile (38.1%) and adult (35.2%) life-history stages, and less data are available for early life-history stages (embryonic, 11.4%; yolk-sac larvae, 12.4%; and post yolk-sac larvae, 16.2%). Similarly, most data were collected from single-stressor studies (91.4%) and there is an urgent need to understand interactions among stressors as anthropogenic change is multi-variate and dynamic. Collectively, these findings provide an example of how meta-analytic reviews are a powerful tool to inform management actions, with the end goal of maximizing conservation gains from research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M Rodgers
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamilynn B Poletto
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- School of Biological Sciences, The University Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel P Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Seesholtz
- California Department of Water Resources, Industrial Blvd., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joe C Heublein
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Program, West Coast Region, Capital Mall, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cech
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - John T Kelly
- Fisheries Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
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13
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Bai Z, Ren T, Han Y, Rahman MM, Hu Y, Li Z, Jiang Z. Influences of dietary selenomethionine exposure on tissue accumulation, blood biochemical profiles, gene expression and intestinal microbiota of Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 218:21-29. [PMID: 30528703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 30-days feeding trail was conducted to determine the sensitivity of Carassius auratus to the toxicological effects of elevated dietary Selenomethionine (Se-Met). C. auratus averaging 23.56 ± 1.82 g were exposed to four Se-Met concentrations (mg Se/kg): 0 (Se-Met0), 5 (Se-Met5), 10 (Se-Met10) and 20 (Se-Met20) to estimate the effects on tissue selenium (Se) accumulation, blood biochemical profiles, transcript expression and intestinal microbiota. Se accumulated in the kidney, liver and muscle in a dose-dependent manner and followed this order: kidney > liver > muscle, the highest accumulation were obtained in kidney of Se-Met20 diet after 30 days of feeding. Serum contents of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in fish exposed to Se-Met20 group was significantly highest among Se-Met exposure groups. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in liver were affected by dietary Se-Met exposures. Liver contents of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in fish exposure to Se-Met5 group was significantly highest among Se-Met exposure groups. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and antioxidant enzyme related genes including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver were down-regulated with the concentration of Se-Met exposure groups. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that gut microbial communities and hierarchy cluster heatmap analysis were significantly affected by Se-Met exposure. The abundances of Cetobacterium and Vibrio increased while fish exposed to Se-Met20 group. The abundance of Ralstonia increased when the Se-Met exposure dose reached 10 mg Se kg-1. The results suggested that the exposure to elevated dietary Se-Met may result toxic effects in C. auratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tongjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yuzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, No.52 Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zequn Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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14
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Gundersen DT, Zeug SC, Bringolf RB, Merz J, Jackson Z, Webb MAH. Tissue Contaminant Burdens in San Francisco Estuary White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): Implications for Population Recovery. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:334-347. [PMID: 28528414 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The San Francisco Estuary (SFE) is heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities, including historic and chronic contaminant inputs. These contaminants can adversely affect SFE fish populations, particularly white sturgeon, because they are a benthic dwelling, long-lived species. We measured a suite of metals and organic contaminants in liver and gonad tissues of 25 male and 32 female white sturgeon as well as several physiological indicators of sturgeon health. Most sturgeon (68% of males and 83% of females) were estimated to be between 13 and 17 years of age. Sturgeon tissues had elevated concentrations of several metals, including As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, and Zn. The most frequently detected organic contaminants in sturgeon livers and gonads were DDE, PCBs, PBDEs, and galaxolide. Selenium was detected at levels similar to those shown to cause impaired liver physiology and reproductive success in white sturgeon. Observed Hg levels were higher than those shown to result in lower condition factor and gonadosomatic indices in white sturgeon. Liver galaxolide levels correlated with decreased plasma estradiol levels in female sturgeon. The Cd, As, and Cu warrant further investigation, because they were detected at levels known to impair fish health. Our results suggest contaminants are negatively affecting SFE white sturgeon health and fitness. Future SFE white sturgeon contaminant research is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deke T Gundersen
- Environmental Science Program, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA
| | | | - Robert B Bringolf
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Merz
- Cramer Fish Sciences, Auburn, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | | | - Molly A H Webb
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT, USA
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15
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Patterson S, Zee J, Wiseman S, Hecker M. Effects of chronic exposure to dietary selenomethionine on the physiological stress response in juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:77-86. [PMID: 28260669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, but at low concentrations can be toxic to aquatic organisms. Selenomethionine (SeMeth) is the primary dietary form of Se aquatic organisms are exposed to and is an environmental concern because it persists and bioaccumulates. White sturgeon (WS) might be particularly susceptible to bioaccumulative toxicants, such as SeMeth, due to their longevity and benthic lifestyle. Se exposure is known to have adverse effects on the physiological stress response in teleosts, but these effects are unknown in WS. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine effects of dietary SeMeth on the ability of WS to mount a stress response. Juvenile WS were administered food spiked with 1.4, 5.6, 22.4 and 104.4μg Se/g dry mass (dm) for 72days. Lower doses were chosen to represent environmentally relevant concentrations, while the high dose represented a worst case scenario exposure. On day 72, fish were subjected to a 2min handling stressor, and they were sampled at 0, 2 and 24h post-stressor. Cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations were quantified in blood plasma and glycogen concentrations were quantified in muscle and liver. Transcript abundance of genes involved in corticosteroidogenesis and energy metabolism were determined using qPCR. Under basal conditions, WS fed 104.4μg Se/g dm had significantly greater concentrations of plasma cortisol and lactate, and significantly lower concentrations of plasma glucose and liver glycogen, compared to controls. Corticosteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (hsd11b2) abundance was lower in WS fed 22.4 and 104.4μg Se/g dm, indicating less conversion of cortisol to cortisone. Abundance of the glucocorticoid receptor (gcr) was significantly lower in high dose WS, suggesting lower tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids. The increasing trend in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) abundance, with increasing SeMeth exposure, was consistent with greater cortisol and glucose concentrations in high dose WS. Exposure to an acute handling stressor elicited a typical cortisol response, but the magnitude of the response appeared to be significantly lower than those typically observed in teleosts. SeMeth also did not appear to modulate the cortisol response to a secondary stressor. However, WS exposed to 22.4μg Se/g dm and sampled 2h post-stressor, had significantly higher concentrations of muscle glycogen compared to controls, indicating effects on their ability to utilize muscle glycogen for energy. Overall, the results indicate that chronic exposure to dietary SeMeth concentrations >22.4μg/g can affect cortisol dynamics and mobilization of energy substrates in juvenile WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Patterson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Jenna Zee
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; Alberta Water & Environmental Science Building, Department of Biology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1 K 3M4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada.
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16
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Finger JW, Hamilton MT, Glenn TC, Tuberville TD. Dietary Selenomethionine Administration in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): Hepatic and Renal Se Accumulation and Its Effects on Growth and Body Condition. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:439-448. [PMID: 28150020 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace nutrient, but in excess, it can induce toxicity. Incomplete combustion of coal produces coal combustion wastes, which are enriched in Se and often disposed of in aquatic basins. While a multitude of studies have investigated Se accumulation in vertebrates, few studies have examined its effects on longer-lived top trophic carnivores, such as the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). In this study, alligators were fed one of three Dietary Treatments: mice injected with water (controls) or water supplemented with 1000 or 2000 ppm selenomethionine (SeMet). Dietary Treatment significantly affected Se levels in both the liver (p < 0.0001; raw mean ± SE: 1000 ppm group, 35.20 ± 6.32 ppm; 2000 ppm group, 49.97 ± 4.00 ppm) and kidney (p < 0.0001; raw mean ± SE: 1000 ppm group, 101.60 ± 8.64 ppm; 2000 ppm, 96.38 ± 5.81 ppm), which were significantly higher in alligators fed SeMet than in controls. Post-treatment head length, used to control for size variation, was negatively related to both kidney (p = 0.0142) and liver (p = 0.0010) Se concentrations. Dietary treatment with SeMet significantly reduced body condition (1000 ppm, p < 0.0029; 2000 ppm, p = 0.0075), but it significantly increased growth (1000 ppm, p < 0.0001; 2000 ppm, p = 0.0316). Body condition and growth remained unchanged in control alligators (p > 0.05). Our results demonstrate alligators are capable of accumulating high levels of Se through trophic transfer. The positive effects of accumulation on growth may demonstrate Se essentiality, whereas the negative effects on condition may demonstrate toxicity. Accumulation also was associated with mortality, further demonstrating toxicity. Future studies should further investigate the physiological effects of Se accumulation in long-lived, top-trophic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Finger
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew T Hamilton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tracey D Tuberville
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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17
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Do the dietary ingredients of low-protein formulated diet provide a sufficient selenium source in Australian snapper Pagrus auratus diet (Bloch & Schneider 1801)? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Zee J, Patterson S, Wiseman S, Hecker M. Is hepatic oxidative stress a main driver of dietary selenium toxicity in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:334-340. [PMID: 27494256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most species of sturgeon have experienced significant population declines and poor recruitment over the past decades, leading many, including white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), to be listed as endangered. Reasons for these declines are not yet fully understood but benthic lifestyle, longevity, and delayed sexual maturation likely render sturgeon particularly susceptible to factors such as habitat alteration and contaminant exposures. One contaminant of particular concern to white sturgeon is selenium (Se), especially in its more bioavailable form selenomethionine (SeMet), as it is known to efficiently bioaccumulate in prey items of this species. Studies have shown white sturgeon to be among the most sensitive species of fish to dietary SeMet as well as other pollutants such as metals, dioxin-like chemicals and endocrine disrupters. One of the primary hypothesized mechanisms of toxicity of SeMet in fish is oxidative stress; however, little is know about the specific mode by which SeMet affects the health of white sturgeon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize oxidative stress and associated antioxidant responses as a molecular event of toxicity, and to link it with the pathological effects observed previously. Specifically, three-year-old white sturgeon were exposed for 72 days via their diet to 1.4, 5.6, 22.4 or 104.4µg Se per g feed (dm). Doses were chosen to range over a necessary Se intake level, current environmentally relevant intakes and an intake representing predicted increases of Se release. Lipid hydroperoxides, which are end products of lipid oxidation, were quantified as a marker of oxidative stress. Changes in gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, apoptosis inducing factor and caspase 3 were quantified as markers of the response to oxidative stress. Concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides were highly variable within dose groups and no dose response was observed. GPx expression was significantly increased in the low dose group indicating an induced antioxidant response. Expression of other genes were not significantly induced or suppressed. Overall, there was very little evidence of oxidative stress, and therefore, in contrast to previous reports on other species of teleost fishes, oxidative stress is not believed to be a main driver of toxicity in white sturgeon exposed to SeMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Zee
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Room 323, Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C8.
| | - Sarah Patterson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3.
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3.
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Room 323, Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C8; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3.
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19
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Effects of feed restriction on the upper temperature tolerance and heat shock response in juvenile green and white sturgeon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 198:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Ponton DE, Caron A, Hare L, Campbell PGC. Hepatic oxidative stress and metal subcellular partitioning are affected by selenium exposure in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:608-617. [PMID: 27131821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from 11 lakes in the Canadian mining regions of Sudbury (Ontario) and Rouyn-Noranda (Quebec) display wide ranges in the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and thallium (Tl) in their livers. To determine if these trace elements, as well as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), are causing oxidative stress in these fish, we measured three biochemical indicators (glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)) in their livers. We observed that 44% of the yellow perch that we collected were at risk of cellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Considering all fish from all lakes, higher liver Se concentrations were coincident with both lower proportions of GSSG compared to GSH and lower concentrations of TBARS, suggesting that the essential trace-element Se acts as an antioxidant. Furthermore, fish suffering oxidative stress had higher proportions of Cd, Cu and Zn in potentially sensitive subcellular fractions (organelles and heat-denatured proteins) than did fish not suffering from stress. This result suggests that reactive oxygen species may oxidize metal-binding proteins and thereby reduce the capacity of fish to safely bind trace metals. High Cd concentrations in metal-sensitive subcellular fractions likely further exacerbate the negative effects of lower Se exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic E Ponton
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre - Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, G1K 9A9, QC, Canada.
| | - Antoine Caron
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre - Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
| | - Landis Hare
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre - Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
| | - Peter G C Campbell
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre - Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, G1K 9A9, QC, Canada
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21
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Zee J, Patterson S, Gagnon D, Hecker M. Adverse health effects and histological changes in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) exposed to dietary selenomethionine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1741-1750. [PMID: 26632643 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that selenium (Se) released to the aquatic environment can have devastating effects on local wildlife. White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) have a life history particularly susceptible to contaminants, and their protection is of interest as they are culturally and economically important, and many populations are classified as endangered. During the present 72-d dietary study, multiple signs of decreased health and Se lethality were observed. Juvenile white sturgeon were given diets containing 1.4 μg, 5.6 μg, 22.4 μg, or 104.4 μg selenomethionine/g food (dry mass). Selenium accumulated in muscle and liver tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Edema causing exophthalmos developed within 15 d and 23 d, and lethal effects occurred in 54% and 22% of fish in the high- and medium-dose groups, respectively. Growth and hepatosomatic index were significantly lower in the high-dose group, which also had a high incidence of food avoidance. Histology of the liver revealed a dose-dependent increase in melanomacrophage aggregates and decrease of energy stores, which indicated toxicity. These results indicate that white sturgeon are susceptible to the effects of Se accumulation over relatively short time periods. This stresses the need for continued sturgeon research and studies looking into the environmental fate and regulation of released Se. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1741-1750. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Zee
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah Patterson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Danielle Gagnon
- Toxicology Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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22
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Wang W, Lee S, Hung SSO, Deng DF. Responses of heat shock protein 70 and caspase-3/7 to dietary selenomethionine in juvenile white sturgeon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:45-50. [PMID: 29766994 PMCID: PMC5940976 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the responses of juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to elevated dietary selenium (Se) based on the determination of the RNA/DNA ratio in muscle, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and caspase-3/7 in muscle and/or liver tissues. Four semi-purified test diets were prepared by adding different levels of L-selenomethionine (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg diet). The analytical determinations of total Se were 2.2, 19.7, 40.1, and 77.7 mg/kg diet. The sturgeon (initial body weight: 30 ± 2 g; mean ± SEM) were raised in indoor tanks provided with flow through freshwater (18–19 °C). There were three replicates for each dietary treatment with 25 fish per replicate. The liver and muscle tissues were collected at 4 and 8 weeks after feeding the test diets. A significant interaction between duration and levels of dietary Se exposures on RNA/DNA ratio in the muscle tissue was detected (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant main effect due to the duration of dietary Se exposures (i.e., 4 weeks versus 8 weeks) on muscle RNA/DNA ratio (P ≥ 0.05), the ratio was significantly decreased with increasing dietary Se levels. Significant main effects were caused by the duration and levels of dietary Se exposures on Hsp70 in both the muscle and liver tissues, with significant increases in Hsp70 due to a longer exposure (8 weeks) and higher levels (40.1 and 77.7 mg Se/kg diet) of dietary Se. The caspase-3/7 activity in the liver were significantly higher in fish fed the diets containing 40.1 and 77.7 mg Se/kg diet than those fed the other diets. The toxic thresholds of Se in the muscle were estimated to be 32.2 and 26.6 mg Se/kg for the depressed specific growth rate and the induced Hsp70 response in muscle, respectively. This result indicated that the Hsp70 response in muscle is a more sensitive biomarker than the SGR of sturgeon for evaluating Se toxicity in white sturgeon. Results of the current study suggest that a mechanism involved with the activation of stress protein production and apoptosis protects white sturgeon from the lethal effect of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53204, USA
| | - Silas S O Hung
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616-8521, USA
| | - Dong-Fang Deng
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53204, USA
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Hu JR, Huang YH, Wang GX, Wu YX, Xian JA, Wang AL, Cao JM. Deficient and excess dietary selenium levels affect growth performance, blood cells apoptosis and liver HSP70 expression in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:249-261. [PMID: 26394863 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of deficient and excess dietary selenium (Se) on growth, blood cells apoptosis and liver heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). After 8 weeks, yellow catfish (initial weight: 2.12 ± 0.01 g) fed isonitrogenous and isolipid diets containing <0.05 (deficient dietary Se) or 6.5 (excess dietary Se) mg Se/kg displayed a significantly lower weight gain ratio (WGR) than those fed a diet containing 0.23 (normal dietary Se) mg Se/kg. As dietary Se levels increased, liver Se concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity and the hepatosomatic index increased significantly. Plasma glucose concentration was highest in the normal treatment compared with the excess dietary Se treatment. Both deficient and excess dietary Se lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis ratio in blood cells, whereas only excess dietary Se increased their cytoplasmic free-Ca(2+) (CF-Ca(2+)) concentration. Excess dietary Se also resulted in the highest level of HSP70 expression, thereby possibly providing a protective mechanism against oxidative stress. These results indicate that both deficient and excess dietary Se restrained the growth of juvenile yellow catfish and caused oxidative stress. The overproduction of ROS may act as a signal molecule mediate apoptosis when dietary Se deficiency. Both ROS and CF-Ca(2+) were recorded when dietary Se excess, suggesting that Ca(2+) may be activated by Se and play a major role during Se-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan-Hua Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guo-Xia Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ying-Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jun-Ming Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Lee JW, Won EJ, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Significance of adverse outcome pathways in biomarker-based environmental risk assessment in aquatic organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 35:115-127. [PMID: 26354700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessments (ERA), biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes (e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function). To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and selenium (Se). Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels. Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment. The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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