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Saraiva AS, dos Reis EB, Farnese FS, Oliveira MS, Ofoegbu PU, Dornelas ASP, Sarmento RA, de Souza JCP, Resende EC, Rodrigues ACM. Unveiling the Subtle Threats: The Neurobehavioral Impact of Chlorpyrifos on Girardia tigrina. TOXICS 2024; 12:512. [PMID: 39058164 PMCID: PMC11280607 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide widely used to control agricultural pests, poses a significant environmental threat due to its toxicity and persistence in soil and water. Our work aimed to evaluate the acute (survival) and chronic (regeneration, locomotion, and reproduction) toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the non-target freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The 48 h lethal concentration (LC50) of the commercial formulation, containing 480 g L-1 of chlorpyrifos, the active ingredient, was determined to be 622.8 µg a.i. L-1 for planarians. Sublethal effects were translated into a significant reduction in locomotion and delayed head regeneration (lowest observed effect concentration-LOEC = 3.88 µg a.i. L-1). Additionally, chlorpyrifos exposure did not affect planarian fecundity or fertility. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of chlorpyrifos-based insecticides to harm natural populations of freshwater planarians at environmentally relevant concentrations. The observed toxicity emphasizes the need for stricter regulations and careful management of chlorpyrifos usage to mitigate its deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems. By understanding the specific impacts on non-target organisms like G. tigrina, we can make more informed suggestions regarding the usage and regulation of organophosphate insecticides, ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S. Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Campos Belos (CAE Research Group—Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos 73840-000, GO, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Borges dos Reis
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (E.B.d.R.); (F.S.F.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Fernanda S. Farnese
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (E.B.d.R.); (F.S.F.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Marilene S. Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil; (E.B.d.R.); (F.S.F.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Pearl U. Ofoegbu
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Aline S. P. Dornelas
- Programa de Apoio à Fixação de Jovens Doutores no Brasil, Estagio Pós-Doutoral—Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
| | - Renato A. Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil;
| | - João C. P. de Souza
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”—Unesp—Campus Bauru, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
| | - Erika C. Resende
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Iporá-GO, Iporá 76200-000, GO, Brazil;
| | - Andreia C. M. Rodrigues
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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2
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Rubira RJG, Correia RR, Batista VRG, Pazin WM, González FG, Otero JC, Teixeira GR, Job AE. Assessing the negative impact of chlorantraniliprole, isoxaflutole, and simazine pesticides on phospholipid membrane models and tilapia gill tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123904. [PMID: 38565392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The indiscriminate and, very often, incorrect use of pesticides in Brazil, as well as in other countries, results in severe levels of environmental pollution and intoxication of human life. Herein, we studied plasma membrane models (monolayer and bilayer) of the phospholipid Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) using Langmuir films, and large (LUVs) and giant (GUVs) unilamellar vesicles, to determine the effect of the pesticides chlorantraniliprole (CLTP), isoxaflutole (ISF), and simazine (SMZ), used in sugarcane. CLTP affects the lipid organization of the bioinspired models of DOPC π-A isotherms, while ISF and SMZ pesticides significantly affect the LUVs and GUVs. Furthermore, the in vivo study of the gill tissue in fish in the presence of pesticides (2.0 × 10-10 mol/L for CLTP, 8.3 × 10-9 mol/L for ISF, and SMZ at 9.9 × 10-9 mol/L) was performed using optical and fluorescence images. This investigation was motivated by the gill lipid membranes, which are vital for regulating transporter activity through transmembrane proteins, crucial for maintaining ionic balance in fish gills. In this way, the presence of phospholipids in gills offers a model for understanding their effects on fish health. Histological results show that exposure to CLTP, ISF, and SMZ may interfere with vital gill functions, leading to respiratory disorders and osmoregulation dysfunction. The results indicate that exposure to pesticides caused severe morphological alterations in fish, which could be correlated with their impact on the bioinspired membrane models. Moreover, the effect does not depend on the exposure period (24h and 96h), showing that animals exposed to pesticides for a short period suffer irreparable damage to gill tissue. In summary, we can conclude that the harm caused by pesticides, both in membrane models and in fish gills, occurs due to contamination of the aquatic system with pesticides. Therefore, water quality is vital for the preservation of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J G Rubira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Correia
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor R G Batista
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wallance M Pazin
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco G González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Juan C Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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3
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Bjedov D, Barbosa RS, de Oliveira DP, Dorta DJ, Sarmento MI, Sarmento RA, Silva ALP, Gravato C. A Dangerous Couple: Sequential Effect of Phosphorus Flame-Retardant and Polyurethane Decrease Locomotor Activity in Planarian Girardia tigrina. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38785819 PMCID: PMC11117760 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay among organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), microplastics, and freshwater organisms is crucial for unravelling the dynamics within freshwater environments and foreseeing the potential impacts of organic pollutants and plastic contamination. For that purpose, the present research assessed the exposure impact of 10 mg L-1 flame-retardant aluminium diethylphosphinate (ALPI), 10 μg mg-1liver microplastics polyurethane (PU), and the combination of ALPI and PU on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The exposure to both ALPI and PU revealed a sequential effect, i.e., a decrease in locomotor activity, while oxidative stress biomarkers (total glutathione, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation) and metabolic responses (cholinesterase activity, electron transport system, and lactate dehydrogenase) remained unaffected. Despite this fact, it was possible to observe that the range of physiological responses in exposed organisms varied, in particular in the cases of the electron transport system, cholinesterase activity, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and levels of total glutathione and proteins, showing that the energetic costs for detoxification and antioxidant capacity might be causing a lesser amount of energy allocated for the planarian activity. By examining the physiological, behavioural, and ecological responses of planarians to these pollutants, insights can be gained into broader ecosystem-level effects and inform strategies for mitigating environmental risks associated with OPFRs and microplastic pollution in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bjedov
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rone S. Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (M.I.S.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 77402-970, SP, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra Ignacio Sarmento
- Graduate Program in Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (M.I.S.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Graduate Program in Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil (M.I.S.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Ana L. Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departament of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Huang J, Zhang J, Sun J, Gong M, Yuan Z. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics and perfluorooctane sulfonate disrupt the homeostasis of intact planarians and the growth of regenerating planarians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171653. [PMID: 38485023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are widespread in the global ecosystem. MPs have the ability to adsorb organic contaminants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), leading to combined effects. The current work aims to explore the individual and combined toxicological effects of polystyrene (PS) and PFOS on the growth and nerves of the freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica). The results showed that PS particles could adsorb PFOS. PS and PFOS impeded the regeneration of decapitated planarians eyespots, whereas the combined treatment increased the locomotor speed of intact planarians. PS and PFOS caused significant DNA damage, while co-treatment with different PS concentrations aggravated and attenuated DNA damage, respectively. Further studies at the molecular level have shown that PS and PFOS affect the proliferation and differentiation of neoblasts in both intact and regenerating planarians, alter the expression levels of neuronal genes, and impede the development of the nervous system. PS and PFOS not only disrupted the homeostasis of intact planarians, but also inhibited the regeneration of decapitated planarians. This study is the first to assess the multiple toxicity of PS and PFOS to planarians after combined exposure. It provides a basis for the environmental and human health risks of MPs and PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxin Gong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
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5
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Lorenz S. Sediment characteristics mediate mixture effect of metconazole and thiacloprid on the activity behavior of the amphipod Hyalella azteca. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106781. [PMID: 38043484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide mixtures occur frequently in freshwaters. Here, pesticides can persist over long periods and alter aquatic communities and ecosystems by causing chronic indirect effects. Particularly effects on activity behavior of organisms can be considered as starting points of cascading effects as they provide the basis for further sublethal responses such as reproduction or feeding. Therefore, the impact of two pesticides in combination, the fungicide metconazole and the insecticide thiacloprid, was evaluated on the immobilization and activity behavior of Hyalella azteca with varying sediment conditions. The results showed a change from additive effects to synergism in the mobility tests for sediment with higher contents of total carbon but not for the activity behavior tests using a Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitoring system. However, sediments with high carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous contents led to comparable activity behavior of H. azteca to control conditions after three days of contaminant exposure which was not the case in all other treatments. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecast approach used showed that this activity behavior remained constant after recovery to pre-exposure levels at least for a time period of 16 h. This study showed that mobility and activity of H. azteca are largely affected by the exposure to pesticides, which is mediated by the structure of the sediment. However, further studies are needed that test activity behavior impairments in environments where the individuals are in direct contact with the sediment that may buffer the pesticide exposure from the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lorenz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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6
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Kowall CA, Batabyal A, Lukowiak K, Phillips ID. Agricultural Use of Insecticides Alters Homeostatic Behaviors and Cognitive Ability in Lymnaea stagnalis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2466-2477. [PMID: 37539943 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaea stagnalis is an ecologically important, stress-sensitive, freshwater mollusk that is at risk for exposure to insecticides via agricultural practices. We provide insight into the impact insecticides have on L. stagnalis by comparing specific behaviors including feeding, locomotion, shell regeneration, and cognition between snails collected at two different sites: one contaminated by insecticides and one not. We hypothesized that each of the behaviors would be altered in the insecticide-exposed snails and that similar alterations would be induced when control snails were exposed to the contaminated environment. We found no significant differences in locomotion, feeding, and shell regeneration of insecticide-exposed L. stagnalis compared with nonexposed individuals. Significant changes in feeding and shell repair were observed in nonexposed snails inhabiting insecticide-contaminated pond water. Most importantly, snails maintained and trained in insecticide-contaminated pond water did not form configural learning, but this cognitive deficit was reversed when these snails were maintained in insecticide-free pond water. Our findings conclude that insecticides have a primarily negative impact on this higher form of cognition in L. stagnalis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2466-2477. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy A Kowall
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Troutreach Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anuradha Batabyal
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Iain D Phillips
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Troutreach Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Water Quality and Habitat Assessment Services, Water Security Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Leibniz-Institute for Global Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Rejo L, Malgouyres JM, Bonnafé E, Vignet C. Optimization and calibration of behavioural tests on different species of planaria for ecotoxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104189. [PMID: 37348774 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater planarian are emerging as a valuable in vivo model for (eco) toxicological studies, but the lack of harmonization of procedures between laboratories remains a challenge. This study aimed to optimize, automate and select the best behavioural tests and analyse the potential of different planarian species as models for toxicological assessment. We implemented four tests: exploration, photomotor response, Tapping and Planarian Light Dark Test, on different planaria species using the DanioVision system. We conclude that the exploration assay performed in 24 wellplate at 10 000 lux is the one that is robust and reliable for toxicological studies with planaria. Dugesia japonica and Schmidtea mediterranea have proved to be sensitive models for toxicological screening of organophosphorus pesticides through behavioural analysis. Under necessary experimental conditions, the motility baseline in controls, for both species allowed the detection of behavioural changes, making both good models for behavioural testing in (eco) toxicological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rejo
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France
| | - Elsa Bonnafé
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives, EA- 7417, Institut National Universitaire J-F Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
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8
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Cesarini G, Coppola F, Campos D, Venditti I, Battocchio C, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Pestana JLT, Scalici M. Nanoplastic exposure inhibits feeding and delays regeneration in a freshwater planarian. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121959. [PMID: 37271363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nanoplastics (NPs) is expected to increase in aquatic environments thus potentially threatening freshwater organisms through interactions with plastic particles that variously float, circulate in the water column or sink into the benthos. Studies into the mechanisms of any NP effects are still scarce, particularly with respect to the regenerative ability of biota for which there is no recognised model organism. The present study therefore aimed to investigate behavioural and regeneration responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina after 10 days exposed to along a gradient 0.01-10 mg/L of poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) NPs (∼426 ± 175 nm). Exposure to NPs induced a significant reduction in planarian feeding rate even at low concentrations (LOEC of 0.01 mg/L), while head regeneration was delayed in a clear dose response way (LOEC of 0.1 mg/L for blastema length). Planaria locomotion assessed was not affected. Our results highlight the potential adverse effects of exposure to poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) NPs and show that feeding behaviour and regeneration of a freshwater benthic organism can be indicators of the resulting toxicity. Planarians are becoming widely used model organisms in ecotoxicology and can help to address potential effects of plastic polymers on regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cesarini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Coppola
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Giulio
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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9
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Wang K, Liang Y, Duan M, Che W, He L. Chronic toxicity of broflanilide in Daphnia magna: changes in molting, behavior, and gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54846-54856. [PMID: 36881221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Broflanilide is a novel pesticide used in agriculture that binds to unique receptors on pests; however, the widespread use of broflanilide has led to toxicity in Daphnia magna. At present, little information on the potential threats broflanilide imposes on D. magna is available. Therefore, the present study examined the chronic toxicity of broflanilide in D. magna by comparing changes in molting, neurotransmitter function, and behavior. The results showed that broflanilide caused chronic toxicity in D. magna at a concentration of 8.45 μg/L, and growth, development, reproduction, and the development of offspring were affected. In addition, broflanilide affected the molting of D. magna by significantly inhibiting the expression of chitinase, ecdysteroid, and related genes. Broflanilide also affected the expression of γ-glutamic acid, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, dopa, and dopamine. Furthermore, the swimming distance and speed of D. magna were reduced. Taken together, the results demonstrate the chronic toxicity and exposure risk of broflanilide in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yaping Liang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Manman Duan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wunan Che
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Meng Z, Cui J, Liu L, Yang C, Bao X, Wang J, Chen X. Toxicity effects of chlorantraniliprole in zebrafish (Danio rerio) involving in liver function and metabolic phenotype. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105194. [PMID: 36127066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), a representative bisamide insecticide, is widely used in rice fields around the world, posing potential toxicity risks to aquatic organisms. In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to CAP on growth and metabolic phenotype of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio). First, we identified that CAP had a low bioaccumulation in zebrafish. Subsequently, growth phenotype analysis revealed that CAP could significantly increase liver weight and liver index in zebrafish. In addition, we found that CAP exposure could cause significant changes in indicators of oxidative stress, resulting in a significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), causing oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish. Meanwhile, the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were also significantly changed and apoptosis was promoted in the liver of zebrafish with CAP exposure. Importantly, the results of metabolomics analysis shown that CAP exposure could significantly disrupt the metabolic phenotype of zebrafish, interfering with multiple metabolic pathways, mainly including valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and d-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Last but not least, correlation analysis identified strong links between changes in liver function involving oxidative stress and apoptosis and changes in metabolic phenotype of zebrafish following CAP exposure. In brief, these results indicate that potential environmental risks of CAP to aquatic organisms should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xin Bao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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11
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Lu Z, Hou Z, Pan H. Degradation of anthranilic diamide insecticide tetrachlorantraniliprole in water: Kinetics, degradation pathways, product identification and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155448. [PMID: 35508239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, aqueous behavior and fate of diamide insecticide tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCTP) were investigated under laboratory-controlled conditions. Half-lives of TCTP photolysis in natural water and pH buffers were 1.4-2.8 h, comparing with those of 1.2-231 d for hydrolysis. Both processes were highly influenced by pH with respect to degradation kinetics and routes. The hydrolysis rate of TCTP was accelerated by elevated temperatures. The presence of nitrate enhanced TCTP photolysis while fulvic acid exhibited suppression, with the extent of both effects as a function of concentration. Four degradation products were identified using a variety of spectroscopic approaches. Key reactions involved in the degradation pathways include intramolecular substitution and cyclization. There was a reduction in the acute toxicity of all four products to Daphnia magna by comparison with TCTP, whereas they were still classified as category 1 or 2 hazardous substances to the aquatic environment according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; Center of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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12
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Wastewater effluent affects behaviour and metabolomic endpoints in damselfly larvae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6830. [PMID: 35474093 PMCID: PMC9042914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluents have been identified as a major contributor to increasing anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about the potentially adverse effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we assessed effects of wastewater effluent on the behaviour and metabolic profiles of damselfly larvae (Coenagrion hastulatum), a common aquatic invertebrate species. Four key behavioural traits: activity, boldness, escape response, and foraging (traits all linked tightly to individual fitness) were studied in larvae before and after one week of exposure to a range of effluent dilutions (0, 50, 75, 100%). Effluent exposure reduced activity and foraging, but generated faster escape response. Metabolomic analyses via targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry methods revealed that exposure caused significant changes to 14 individual compounds (4 amino acids, 3 carnitines, 3 lysolipids, 1 peptide, 2 sugar acids, 1 sugar). Taken together, these compound changes indicate an increase in protein metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings illustrate that wastewater effluent can affect both behavioural and physiological traits of aquatic invertebrates, and as such might pose an even greater threat to aquatic ecosystems than previously assumed. More long-term studies are now needed evaluate if these changes are linked to adverse effects on fitness. The combination of behavioural and metabolomic assessments provide a promising tool for detecting effects of wastewater effluent, on multiple biological levels of organisation, in aquatic ecosystems.
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13
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Dornelas ASP, de Jesus Ferreira JS, Silva LCR, de Souza Saraiva A, Cavallini GS, Gravato CAS, da Maia Soares AMV, Almeida Sarmento R. The sexual reproduction of the nontarget planarian Girardia tigrina is affected by ecologically relevant concentrations of difenoconazole: new sensitive tools in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27095-27103. [PMID: 34981389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide difenoconazole, widely used to reduce the negative impacts of fungi diseases on areas with intensive farming, can reach freshwater systems causing deleterious effects on nontarget organisms. The acute and chronic toxicity of a commercial formulation containing 250 g L-1 of difenoconazole (Prisma®) as the active ingredient was assessed in the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The endpoints evaluated were feeding rate, locomotion, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. The estimated 48 h LC50 of the commercial formulation on planarians expressed as the concentration of the active ingredient difenoconazole was 47.5 mg a.i.L-1. A significant decrease of locomotion (LOEC = 18.56 mg a.i.L-1), delayed regeneration (LOEC = 9.28 mg a.i.L-1), and sexual reproduction impairment, i.e., decreased fecundity and fertility rates (LOEC ≤ 1.16 mg a.i.L-1) were observed on planarians exposed to sublethal concentrations of the formulation. This study demonstrated the importance of using reproductive, physiological, and behavioral parameters as more sensitive and complementary tools to assess the deleterious effects induced by a commercial formulation of difenoconazole on a nontarget freshwater organism. The added value and importance of our research work, namely, the impairment of sexual reproduction of planarians, contributes to the development of useful tools for ecotoxicology and highlights the fact that those tools should be developed as guidelines for testing of chemicals. Our results showed that the use of reproductive parameters of Girardia tigrina would help to complement and achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by triazole fungicides to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Joel Santiago de Jesus Ferreira
- Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Laila Cristina Rezende Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas E Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos, Goiás, 73840-000, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
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14
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Silva LCR, Dornelas ASP, de Souza Saraiva A, Gravato C, Pestana JLT, da Maia Soares AMV, Sarmento RA. Do bio-insecticides affect only insect species? Behavior, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of a non-target freshwater planarian. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10665-10674. [PMID: 34528200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bio-insecticides have been increasingly used worldwide as ecofriendly alternatives to pesticides, but data on their effects in non-target freshwater organisms is still scarce and limited to insects. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the bio-insecticides Bac Control (based on Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki-Btk) and Boveril (based on Beauveria bassiana-Bb) on regeneration, behavioral, and reproductive endpoints of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The estimated LC50-48h were > 800 mg a.i./L for Btk and 60.74 mg a.i./L for Bb. In addition, exposure to Btk significantly decreased locomotion and feeding activities of planarians (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 12.5 mg a.i./L Btk) and fecundity rate (LOEC = 3.12 mg a.i./L Btk), whereas exposure to Bb significantly delayed regeneration (LOEC = 0.75 mg a.i./L Bb) and decreased fecundity rate (1.5 mg a.i./L Bb) of planarians. Thus, both bio-insecticides induced deleterious sub-lethal effects on a non-insect freshwater invertebrate species. However, only Bb-based formulation affected the survival, fecundity rate, and regeneration at concentrations below the maximum predicted environmental concentration (PEC = 247 mg/L). Thus, care should be taken when using such formulations as alternatives to chemical insecticides near aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Cristina Rezende Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), 73840-000, Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências and CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Luís Teixeira Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Mortágua Velho da Maia Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
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15
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Santana LMBM, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Kaczerewska O, Figueiredo J, Silva S, Sousa I, Maia F, Tedim J, Abessa DMS, Pousão-Ferreira P, Candeias-Mendes A, Soares F, Castanho S, Soares AMVM, Rocha RJM, Gravato C, Patrício Silva AL, Martins R. Can the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics and engineered nanoclays on flatfish (Solea senegalensis) be influenced by the presence of each other? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150188. [PMID: 34798736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanomaterials are applied in a myriad of commercial and industrial applications. When leaked to natural environments, such small particles might threaten living organisms' health, particularly when considering their potential combination that remains poorly investigated. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical effects of polyethylene (PE; 64-125 μm in size, 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg·L-1) single and combined with an engineered nanomaterial applied in antifouling coatings, the copper-aluminium layered double hydroxides (Cu-Al LDH; 0.33, 1.0, and 3.33 mg·L-1) in the flatfish Solea senegalensis larvae (8 dph) after 3 h exposure, in a full factorial design. Particles ingestion, histopathology, and biochemical biomarkers were assessed. Fish larvae presented <1 PE particles in their gut, independently of their concentration in the medium. The histological health index showed minimal pathological alterations at PE combined exposure, with a higher value observed at 1 mg LDH·L-1 × 0.1 mg PE·L-1. Gut deformity and increased antioxidant defences (catalase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase), and aerobic energy production (electron transport system) were observed at PE ≥ 1.0 mg·L-1. No oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) or alterations in the detoxification capacity (glutathione-S-transferase) was observed on single and combined exposures. PE, combined or not with Cu-Al LDH, does not seem to compromise larvae's homeostasis considering levels reported so far in the marine and aquaculture environments. However, harsh effects are expected with MP contamination rise, as projections suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M B M Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga Kaczerewska
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederico Maia
- Smallmatek-Small Materials and Technologies, Lda., Rua Canhas, 3810-075 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Tedim
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Florbela Soares
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences and CESAM, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Roberto Martins
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Li N, Gao S, Wang S, He S, Wang J, He L, Jiang D, Shi YS, Zhang J, Gu Y, Chen T, Kong M, Xu X, Zhao Q. Attractin Participates in Schizophrenia by Affecting Testosterone Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755165. [PMID: 34869343 PMCID: PMC8636034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed glycoprotein that is involved in energy homeostasis, neurodevelopment, and immune response. It is encoded by a gene spanning 180 kb on chromosome 20p13, a region previously implicated in schizophrenia by linkage studies. To address a possible role of ATRN in disorders of the central nervous system, we created an atrn knockout zebrafish line and performed behavioral tests. Adult atrn–/– zebrafish exhibited more pronounced attack behavior relative to wild-type control zebrafish in a tracking analysis. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated testosterone levels in atrn–/– zebrafish. At the gene expression level, we noted an upregulation of cyp51 and hsd17b7, key proteins in testosterone synthesis in the brains of both adult and larvae of atrn–/– zebrafish. In order to further elucidate the relationship between testosterone and behavioral syndromes, we then compared testosterone levels of 9,008 psychiatric patients and 247 healthy controls from the same catchment area. Of all subjects examined, male subjects with schizophrenia exhibited lower testosterone levels compared with controls. In contrast, female subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder featured higher testosterone levels than did same sex controls. Purposeful sampling of extreme groups showed reduced ATRN expression in a subset of these subjects. Finally, we identified 14 subjects with ATRN mutations. All of whom displayed abnormal testosterone levels. In summary, the interplay of ATRN and testosterone may help to explain sexual dimorphisms in selected behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuzhan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luqingqing He
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Jiang
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Simão FCP, Rodrigues ACM, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Planarian behavioural endpoints in ecotoxicology: A case study evaluating mercury and salinity effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103747. [PMID: 34536621 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater planarians can be useful for the evaluation of contaminant stress on behavioral endpoints. In this work, we studied the sensitivity of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina in response to two model stressors (Hg and NaCl) by evaluating mortality, feeding rate and locomotion. A simple feeding assay with G. tigrina was devised, and an automated tracking system was used to evaluate locomotion. The estimated 96 h LC50s were 176.8 μg L-1 of Hg and 6.79 g L-1 of NaCl. Acute effects of Hg also included the disintegration of tissues, and loss of pigmentation. Acute effects of NaCl included motionlessness and rupture of the tegument. Hg and NaCl sub-lethal exposures caused feeding inhibition and locomotion impairment. This study demonstrates the usefulness of planarians for ecotoxicological research and that sensitive behavioral endpoints can evaluate the sub-lethal impacts of stressors to freshwater invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C P Simão
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Dornelas ASP, Sarmento RA, Saraiva AS, Barbosa RS, Vieira MM, Gravato C, Soares AMVM. Effects of two biopesticides and salt on behaviour, regeneration and sexual reproduction of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124089. [PMID: 33049628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial insecticides are being used as ecologically-friendly alternatives to traditional insecticides. However, their effects have been poorly investigated on non-target freshwater species, with exception of a few insect species. Moreover, combined effects of microbial insecticides with other environmental stressors, such as salinity, have never been investigated. Thus, our goal was to assess the effects of Bac-Control® (based in Bacillus thuringiensis - Btk) and Boveril® (based in Beauveria bassiana - Bb) with increasing salinities (NaCl) on freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. It has been reported that increased salinity levels affect freshwater organisms compromising their survival by triggering adaptation processes to cope with osmotic stress. Our results showed delayed regeneration, decreased locomotion and feeding on planarians exposed to NaCl, whereas their sexual reproduction was not affected. Both microbial insecticides impaired feeding, locomotor activity, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. Planarians exposed to microbial insecticides compromised their progeny. Therefore, microbial insecticides might not be ecologically friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides. Interestingly, harmful effects of microbial insecticides with increasing salinities showed an inadequate response of planarians to cope with induction of their immune response and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S P Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Althiéris S Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos, 73840-000 Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rone S Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Mayane M Vieira
- Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77410-530 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Carlos TD, Bezerra LB, Vieira MM, Sarmento RA, Pereira DH, Cavallini GS. Fenton-type process using peracetic acid: Efficiency, reaction elucidations and ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123949. [PMID: 33264993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on Fenton-type processes involving peracetic acid (PAA) stimulated further development of advanced oxidative processes (AOPs). The objective of this work was to provide new information about such processes, elucidate their reaction mechanisms both experimentally and theoretically, and verify their possible uses. The Fenton-type reaction of PAA with Fe3+ exhibited a greater dye degradation efficiency than the Fenton process, while the efficiency of the PAA reaction with Fe2+ was very close of Fenton process. Moreover, the processes photocatalyzed by solar radiation demonstrated comparable efficiencies due to the photoreduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. By conducting theoretical calculations, it was found that the formation of oxidizing radicals during the reaction of PAA with Fe2+ was not thermodynamically favorable and, therefore, unsuitable for practical use. In contrast, the processes occurred in the PAA/Fe3+ system included thermodynamically spontaneous reactions that generated peroxyl (CH3C(O)OO•), alkoxyl (CH3C(O)•), and hydroperoxyl (HO2•) radicals. The ecotoxicological tests demonstrated that the toxicity of the PAA to the organism Dugesia tigrina can be attributed to the presence of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayrine Dias Carlos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Leydiane Barbosa Bezerra
- Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Mayane Marques Vieira
- Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Douglas Henrique Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil; Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil; Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
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Abstract
Freshwater planarians are free-living flatworms known for their regenerative ability. Being easily cultured under laboratory conditions, they are recognized test model organisms in regeneration, developmental biology, and neuropharmacological research. Also, they have been recently employed in toxicity testing where they displayed an array of sensitive and reliable responses to environmental stressors. Here, we outline simple and easy-to-follow protocols to evaluate effects of environmental contaminants and other stressors on survival, behavior (feeding and locomotor activity), and regeneration of freshwater planarians. These endpoints are comparable with responses of well-established ecotoxicological model species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pearl Ugochi Ofoegbu
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Nigeria
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21
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Simão FCP, Gravato C, Machado AL, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Toxicity of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115185. [PMID: 32777698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater planarians have been gaining relevance as experimental animals for numerous research areas given their interesting features, such as high regeneration potential, shared features with the vertebrates' nervous system or the range of endpoints that can be easily evaluated in response to contaminants. Ecotoxicological research using these animals has been steadily increasing in the past decades, as planarians' potentialities for this research area are being recognized. In this work, we used polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model contaminants and evaluated effects of exposure to phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in planarians. The freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina was chosen and mortality, cephalic regeneration (during and post-exposure), behavioral endpoints and presence of PAHs in tissues, were evaluated. Mortality was only observed in planarians exposed to phenanthrene, with an estimated LC50 of 830 μg L-1. Results indicate that planarian behavioral endpoints were very sensitive in response to sub-lethal concentrations of PAHs, showing a greater sensitivity towards B[a]P and pyrene. Briefly, post-exposure locomotion and post-exposure feeding were significantly impaired by sub-lethal concentrations of all compounds, whereas regeneration of photoreceptors was only significantly delayed in planarians exposed to pyrene. Moreover, levels of PAH-type compounds in planarian tissues followed a concentration-dependent increase, showing uptake of compounds from experimental solutions. The present results highlight the importance of studying alternative and complementary endpoints, such as behavior, not only because these may be able to detect effects at lower levels of contamination, but also due to their ecological relevance. The simplicity of evaluating a wide range of responses to contaminants further demonstrates the utility of freshwater planarians for ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C P Simão
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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22
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Gravato C, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Simão FCP, Soares AMVM. Strategies of cellular energy allocation to cope with paraquat-induced oxidative stress: Chironomids vs Planarians and the importance of using different species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140443. [PMID: 32887009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is still used in several countries worldwide as an herbicide for weed control in agricultural production, ponds, reservoirs and irrigation canals. Thus, PQ is frequently found in surface water systems and is potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, since it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction altering in the redox state of cells. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of PQ to Chironomus riparius and Girardia tigrina, and compare their physiological strategies to cope with environmental stress. The mean emergence time was the most sensitive endpoint for Chironomids, with the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) being 0.02 for males and 0.1 mg PQ L-1 for females. Moreover, PQ reduced the body weight of male and female imagoes, with LOECs of 0.5 and 2.5 mg PQ L-1, respectively. Paraquat also decreased the respiration rate (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) and total glutathione (tGSH) content (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1). Thus, the aerobic production of energy was not affected and allowed chironomids to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ, but with consequent physiological costs in terms of development rates and weight of adults. In planarians, PQ decreased the locomotion and feeding activity, and delayed photoreceptor regeneration (LOECs = 2.5 mg PQ L-1 for all endpoints). Despite increased aerobic energy production (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1), planarians were not able to cope with oxidative stress induced by the highest PQ concentrations, since lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) concomitantly with a significant decrease of tGSH (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1). These results showed that planarians were unable to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ with consequent impairments of behavior and regeneration despite an increased aerobic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Goiano - Campus Campos Belos, 73840-000 Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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23
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Redman ZC, Anastasio C, Tjeerdema RS. Quantum Yield for the Aqueous Photochemical Degradation of Chlorantraniliprole and Simulation of Its Environmental Fate in a Model California Rice Field. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1929-1935. [PMID: 32681738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical degradation of chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was characterized under simulated solar light with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2NB) actinometry. Overall, aqueous CAP degraded quickly via direct photodegradation with no significant difference observed between high-purity water and filtered rice field water. The 24-h average half-life normalized to summer sunlight using 2NB was 34.5 ± 4.0 h (jCAP,env = 0.020 ± 0.0023 h-1 , n = 3), and the calculated apparent quantum yield in simulated sunlight was 0.0099 ± 0.00060. These new values were used-alongside previously characterized data for air/and soil/water partitioning, degradation in soil, and hydrolysis-in the Pesticides in Flooded Applications Model to simulate CAP dissipation in a model California (USA) rice field. The model estimates an environmental half-life of 26 d in the aqueous phase, but the bulk of applied CAP remains in the benthic zone and degrades, with estimated half-lives of 29 and 92 d in flooded and drained fields, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1929-1935. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Redman
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ronald S Tjeerdema
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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24
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Redman ZC, Tran KH, Parikh SJ, Tjeerdema RS. Influence of pH and Divalent Metals Relevant to California Rice Fields on the Hydroxide-Mediated Hydrolysis of the Insecticide Chlorantraniliprole. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12402-12407. [PMID: 31663732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was investigated over the pH range of 6-10, reflective of California rice field conditions, with variable additions of Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+. Dissipation accelerated as pH increased with half-lives ranging from 26.9 to 2.2 days with slight inhibition in rice field water. The addition of divalent metals was not observed to catalyze the hydrolysis of CAP at pH 6, indicating that the insecticide is likely to remain recalcitrant to hydrolysis in neutral or acidic surface waters. However, Mn2+ and Ni2+ were observed to inhibit hydrolysis at pH 8 and 9. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis supports the conclusion that divalent metals may withdraw electron density from the amide nitrogen via interaction with the amide oxygen, though additional quantum chemical modeling is necessary to provide further mechanistic insights. Overall, the hydrolysis of CAP in California rice fields and their surrounding surface waters will be dominated by pH and inhibited by dissolved metal species.
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25
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Rodrigues Macêdo LP, Pereira Dornelas AS, Vieira MM, Santiago de Jesus Ferreira J, Almeida Sarmento R, Cavallini GS. Comparative ecotoxicological evaluation of peracetic acid and the active chlorine of calcium hypochlorite: Use of Dugesia tigrina as a bioindicator of environmental pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:273-281. [PMID: 31176128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine plays a primary role in the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater due to its effectiveness as a biocide; however, there is evidence of the formation of toxic byproducts from its application, and this has promoted the search for alternatives. Alternative disinfectants can be effective in the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms and are less damaging to human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, more information is needed on the effect of residual concentrations on the environment. This work compares the ecotoxicological effects of PAA disinfectants and the active chlorine of calcium hypochlorite in relation to the organism Dugesia tigrina (planaria), in terms of the acute effects: LC50, and chronic effects: feeding, locomotion, regeneration, reproduction and fertility. The results indicated that the active chlorine was more toxic than PAA, with LC50 (96 h) of 2.63 mg.L-1 and 3.16 mg.L-1, respectively. Sub-lethal exposure to active chlorine was more toxic when compared to PAA, and there was evidence of significantly reduced feeding and locomotion, causing a greater delay in regeneration and impairment in reproduction and fertility. The results allowed the comparison of the two disinfectants using half-life constants of the compounds and the lowest observed effect level (LOEC) of the oxidants. Chlorine represents a greater risk to the ecosystem for a longer period. The results obtained in this study can help in the establishment of discharge limits for PAA in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayane Marques Vieira
- Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
| | - Joel Santiago de Jesus Ferreira
- Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77.402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
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26
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Song C, Zhang J, Hu G, Meng S, Fan L, Zheng Y, Chen J, Zhang X. Risk assessment of chlorantraniliprole pesticide use in rice-crab coculture systems in the basin of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:440-448. [PMID: 31121508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice-crab (Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis) coculture system has become one of the most important agricultural activities practiced in China. However, the effect of pesticide usage on the survival and edible safety of crab species living in the coculture system has not been investigated. In the present study, we created a field simulation experiment and discovered that the amount of pesticide chlorantraniliprole (CAP) entering the rice-crab coculture system accounted for 82.22% of the total CAP content present in the spray barrel. When CAP residues found in the soil leached into nearby areas, we observed an increase in the CAP concentration in the water and sediment. Specifically, peak CAP concentration (1.35 μg/L) was detected in water within 1 day, and a steady CAP concentration in the sediment (2.55 μg/kg) was detected within 3 days. Additionally, an extensive field sampling experiment conducted in the basin of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River revealed that CAP was routinely used in rice-crab coculture systems. Although detected CAP concentrations were below 1 μg/L in ditch water and below 1 μg/kg in ditch sediment, there was still a potential risk associated with the crab growth. Importantly, there was no risk associated with crab consumption, given the low detection frequency of CAP in the collected samples. Our analysis suggests that an increase in usage ratio and a decrease in the total CAP content will likely promote safe application of CAP in the rice-crab coculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Gengdong Hu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Liming Fan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100000, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environments Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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27
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Redman ZC, Parikh SJ, Hengel MJ, Tjeerdema RS. Influence of Flooding, Salinization, and Soil Properties on Degradation of Chlorantraniliprole in California Rice Field Soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8130-8137. [PMID: 31287295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was granted supplemental registration for use in rice cultivation in California through December, 2018. Previous work investigated the partitioning of CAP in California rice field soils; however, its degradation in soils under conditions relevant to California rice culture has not been investigated. The degradation of CAP in soils from two California rice fields was examined under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with varying salinity via microcosm experiments. Results indicate that soil properties governing bioavailability may have a greater influence on degradation than flooding practices or field salinization over a typical growing season. Differences between native and autoclaved soils (t1/2 = 59.0-100.2 and 78.5-171.7 days) suggest that biological processes were primarily responsible for CAP degradation; however, future work should be done to confirm specific biotic processes as well as to elucidate abiotic processes, such as degradation via manganese oxides and formation of nonextractable residues, which may contribute to its dissipation.
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28
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Poirier L, Ghigo É, Daudé D, Chabrière É. [Planarian, an emerging animal model for toxicology studies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:544-548. [PMID: 31274084 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since a few decades, a new invertebrate animal model has emerged in toxicology studies: the planarian. This non-parasitic flatworm, from phylum Platyhelminthes, has an amazing regenerative capacity and has been described as "immortal under the edge of the knife" in 1814 by Dalyell. This formidable capacity is due to the abundance of stem cells called neoblasts, allowing for a tiny fragment equivalent to 1/279th of the size of the planarian to generate a whole animal. The planarian has also a human-like nervous system with several neurotransmitters and has been used to evaluate developmental perturbations and neurotoxicity. This review summarizes the main planarian toxicology studies and highlights the potential of this original animal model for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Poirier
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI (Microbes, Évolution, Phylogénie et Infection), IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Éric Ghigo
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - David Daudé
- Gene&GreenTK, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Éric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI (Microbes, Évolution, Phylogénie et Infection), IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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29
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Ofoegbu PU, Lourenço J, Mendo S, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of low concentrations of psychiatric drugs (carbamazepine and fluoxetine) on the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:542-549. [PMID: 30445399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing knowledge about the presence of psychiatric pharmaceutical substances in the aquatic environment due to increasing number of ecotoxicological studies with sensitive species in addition to improved methods of analysis. Here, we assessed the effects of two psychiatric substances carbamazepine and fluoxetine in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea using endpoints such as survival, behaviour (feeding, locomotion), DNA damage and regeneration. Also, planarian asexual reproduction by fissioning was used to assess the reproductive effects of these compounds. Whereas for survival, no effect was observed for carbamazepine exposure, fluoxetine exposure was toxic to planarians with an LC50 of 357.93 and 160.01 μg L-1 at 48 and 96 h, respectively. Time for head regeneration in decapitated planarians was not affected by either fluoxetine or carbamazepine exposures. Fluoxetine was more toxic than carbamazepine and caused concentration dependent increase in locomotor activity and DNA damage (LOEC's of 0.1-1.0 μg L-1), and decrease in feeding and fissioning. Despite some alteration on planarian locomotion observed under exposure to intermediate concentrations, no significant effects were observed in the other endpoints in response to carbamazepine. The observations in the present study showed that freshwater planarians such as Schmidtea mediterranea, animal models in neuropharmacology, are sensitive to low concentrations of psychiatric drugs, displaying an array of sensitive sub-lethal endpoints that can be used for the ecological risk assessment of psychiatric substances. Future studies to determine effects of these psychiatric drugs on the levels of neurotransmitters and other biochemical biomarkers in planarians are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl U Ofoegbu
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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30
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Wu JP, Li MH. The use of freshwater planarians in environmental toxicology studies: Advantages and potential. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:45-56. [PMID: 29859407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the humane use of animals in scientific research, invertebrates are often recommended in toxicological studies. "Freshwater planarians" refers to numerous free-living freshwater members of the Class "Turbellaria" of the phylum Platyhelminthes. This group of invertebrates has received extensive attention from biologists for many years because of their unique biological characteristics, such as the primitive form of the central nervous system and notable capability to regenerate tissues. Using freshwater planarians as test animals in chemical toxicity studies has grown in popularity since the 1960s. Results from various toxicological experiments have collectively suggested that freshwater planarians can serve as not only alternative models for chemical toxicity screenings in laboratories but also as potential bioindicators for the quality of freshwater environments. However, thus far, no standardized battery of tests for conducting toxicological studies that includes freshwater planarians has been proposed. This paper comprehensively reviews the toxicological information obtained from chemically exposed planarians and proposes practical factors for consideration in toxicity experiments with freshwater planarians as test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Pin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Li
- Environmental Toxicology Lab, Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Golovko O, Randak T, Pestana JLT, Soares AMVM. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of cyproconazole on freshwater organisms: a case study with Chironomus riparius and Dugesia tigrina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12169-12176. [PMID: 29455353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide cyproconazole (CPZ) inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential sterol component in fungal cell membrane and can also affect non-target organisms by its inhibitory effects on P450 monooxygenases. The predicted environmental concentration of CPZ is up to 49.05 μg/L and 145.89 μg/kg in surface waters and sediments, respectively, and information about CPZ toxicity towards non-target aquatic organisms is still limited. This study aimed to address the lack of ecotoxicological data for CPZ, and thus, an evaluation of the lethal and sub-lethal effects of CPZ was performed using two freshwater invertebrates (the midge Chironomus riparius and the planarian Dugesia tigrina). The estimated CPZ 48 h LC50 (95% CI) was 17.46 mg/L for C. riparius and 47.38 mg/L for D. tigrina. The emergence time (EmT50) of C. riparius was delayed by CPZ exposure from 0.76 mg/L. On the other hand, planarians showed higher tolerance to CPZ exposure. Sub-lethal effects of CPZ on planarians included reductions in locomotion (1.8 mg/L), delayed photoreceptors regeneration (from 0.45 mg/L), and feeding inhibition (5.6 mg/L). Our results confirm the moderate toxicity of CPZ towards aquatic invertebrates but sub-lethal effects observed also suggest potential chronic effects of CPZ with consequences for population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - campus Campos Belos, Campos Belos, Goiás, 73840-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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De Castro-Català N, Muñoz I, Riera JL, Ford AT. Evidence of low dose effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and the fungicide prochloraz on the behavior of the keystone freshwater invertebrate Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:406-414. [PMID: 28822331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, behavior-related endpoints have been proposed as rapid and reliable ecotoxicological tools for risk assessment. In particular, the use of detritivores to test the toxicity of pollutants through feeding is currently becoming a well-known method. Experiments combining feeding with other behavioral endpoints can provide relevant information about direct and indirect toxicological effects of chemicals. We carried out a feeding experiment with the shredder Gammarus pulex in order to detect indirect (through leaf conditioning) and direct effects (through water exposure) of two pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations: the fungicide prochloraz (6 μg/L) and the antidepressant fluoxetine (100 ng/L). Prochloraz inhibited fungal growth on leaves, but it did not affect either the microbial breakdown rates or the C:N ratio of the leaves. Individuals of G. pulex that were fed with treated leaves presented lower consumption rates, not only those fed with prochloraz-treated leaves, but also those fed with fluoxetine-treated leaves, and those fed with the mixture-treated leaves. Mixed-effects models revealed that the swimming velocity of the amphipods after the experiment was modulated by the exposure to fluoxetine, and also by the exposure to prochloraz. We demonstrate that both the antidepressant and the fungicide may cause significant sublethal effects at low concentrations. The combination of behavioral endpoints together with the application of mixed models provided a useful tool for early detection of the effects of toxicity mixtures in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N De Castro-Català
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Riera
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, P04 9LY, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Rodrigues ACM, Gravato C, Quintaneiro C, Bordalo MD, Golovko O, Žlábek V, Barata C, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Exposure to chlorantraniliprole affects the energy metabolism of the caddisfly Sericostoma vittatum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1584-1591. [PMID: 27862222 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caddisflies have been included in ecotoxicological studies because of their sensitivity and ecological relevance. The present study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of an anthranilic diamide insecticide, chlorantraniliprole (CAP), to Sericostoma vittatum. Used worldwide, CAP is a persistent compound that has been found in surface waters at concentrations from 0.1 μg/L to 9.7 μg/L. It targets the ryanodine receptors, and the present ecotoxicological assessment focused on biomarkers related to neurotransmission, biotransformation, oxidative stress damage, and endpoints related to energy processing (feeding, energy reserves, and cellular metabolism). Six days of exposure trials revealed that feeding activity was significantly decreased in S. vittatum larvae exposed to 0.9 μg/L CAP. Concomitantly, a reduction in cellular metabolism and a significant decrease in protein content were also observed in caddisfly larvae exposed to CAP, suggesting metabolic depression. The results show that sublethal concentrations of CAP can cause detrimental sublethal effects on S. vittatum total glutathione content at concentrations as low as 0.2 μg/L. Bioenergetics can be used to assess physiological effects of contaminants, and the present results show that exposure to low, environmentally relevant, concentrations of CAP alter energy acquisition and metabolism in nontarget aquatic insects with potential population level effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1584-1591. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish Council for Scientific Research [IDAEA-CSIC]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria D Bordalo
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish Council for Scientific Research [IDAEA-CSIC]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Pedrosa J, Gravato C, Campos D, Cardoso P, Figueira E, Nowak C, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Pestana JLT. Investigating heritability of cadmium tolerance in Chironomus riparius natural populations: A physiological approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:83-94. [PMID: 28006760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological responses allow populations to cope with metal contamination and can be involved in the evolution of tolerance under historical metal contamination scenarios. Here we investigate physiological aspects that might be underlying the heritable high tolerance to cadmium (Cd) in two Chironomus riparius populations collected from historically metal contaminated sites in comparison to two populations from reference sites. To evaluate differences in the physiological response to short-term Cd exposure, protein expression profiles, metallothioneins [MTs] and several antioxidant defences such as total glutathione (GSHt), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferases [GSTs], were measured in all four populations reared for at least 8 generations under laboratory clean conditions. Cd-induced oxidative damage in lipids and energy related parameters (energy consumption and energy reserves) were also assessed. Results showed two major gradients of protein profiles according to Cd concentration and population tolerance. Furthermore, Cd-tolerant populations showed higher baseline levels of MTs and GSHt while Cd-sensitive populations, collected from reference sites, showed significant induction of GSHt levels with Cd exposure that were nonetheless insufficient to avoid increased oxidative damage to lipids. Cd exposure had no clear effects on the antioxidant enzymes or energy reserves but triggered a general increase in energy consumption. Finally, energy consumption was higher in Cd-tolerant populations across experimental conditions. Altogether, results demonstrate that inherited Cd-tolerance in these midge populations is related, at least in part, with different constitutive levels and plasticity of different defence mechanisms confirming the validity of using multiple physiological traits when studying evolution of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedrosa
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum of Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany.
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum of Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Cui F, Chai T, Qian L, Wang C. Effects of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on life history, embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:107-116. [PMID: 27870931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diamides have become one of the most promising new classes of insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity test showed that the 48-h EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide were 8.5, 23.9 and 63.5 μg/L, respectively. Biochemical measurements revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in D. magna after acute exposure to the three diamides. A significant decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, which was consistent with the down-regulated transcription of antioxidant genes sod and gpx. Catalase (CAT) activity exhibited a significant increase while the related gene cat showed no obvious change in daphnids acutely exposed to the three diamides. The chronic test revealed that the three diamides could cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on daphnids within constricted range of concentrations at μg/L level. The 21-d EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide for mobility were 5.0, 13.6 and 36.8 μg/L, respectively. The chronic LOEC of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide based on survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna were 4.05, 10.24 and 19.36 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, these three diamides can induce severe developmental abnormalities in D. magna embryos including underdeveloped second antennae, curved tail spine and abnormal body region after acute exposure and the 48-h EC50 were 6.2, 14.1 and 30.8 μg/L for chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide respectively. Our findings indicate that even low levels of diamides can pose ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Pyle G, Ford AT. Behaviour revised: Contaminant effects on aquatic animal behaviour. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:226-228. [PMID: 27887746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Pyle
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Alex T Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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37
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Augusiak J, Van den Brink PJ. The influence of insecticide exposure and environmental stimuli on the movement behaviour and dispersal of a freshwater isopod. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1338-1352. [PMID: 27307165 PMCID: PMC4961728 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Behaviour links physiological function with ecological processes and can be very sensitive towards environmental stimuli and chemical exposure. As such, behavioural indicators of toxicity are well suited for assessing impacts of pesticides at sublethal concentrations found in the environment. Recent developments in video-tracking technologies offer the possibility of quantifying behavioural patterns, particularly locomotion, which in general has not been studied and understood very well for aquatic macroinvertebrates to date. In this study, we aim to determine the potential effects of exposure to two neurotoxic pesticides with different modes of action at different concentrations (chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid) on the locomotion behaviour of the water louse Asellus aquaticus. We compare the effects of the different exposure regimes on the behaviour of Asellus with the effects that the presence of food and shelter exhibit to estimate the ecological relevance of behavioural changes. We found that sublethal pesticide exposure reduced dispersal distances compared to controls, whereby exposure to chlorpyrifos affected not only animal activity but also step lengths while imidacloprid only slightly affected step lengths. The presence of natural cues such as food or shelter induced only minor changes in behaviour, which hardly translated to changes in dispersal potential. These findings illustrate that behaviour can serve as a sensitive endpoint in toxicity assessments. However, under natural conditions, depending on the exposure concentration, the actual impacts might be outweighed by environmental conditions that an organism is subjected to. It is, therefore, of importance that the assessment of toxicity on behaviour is done under relevant environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Augusiak
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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