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Martínez-Álvarez I, Le Menach K, Cajaraville MP, Budzinski H, Orbea A. Effects of polystyrene nano- and microplastics and of microplastics with sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172380. [PMID: 38604358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The presence of nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) in the environment is recognised as a global-scale problem. Due to their hydrophobic nature and large specific surface, NPs and MPs can adsorb other contaminants, as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and modulate their bioavailability and hazard. Adult zebrafish were exposed for 3 and 21 days to: (1) 0.07 mg/L NPs (50 nm), (2) 0.05 mg/L MPs (4.5 μm), (3) MPs with sorbed oil compounds of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic crude oil (MPs-WAF), (4) MPs with sorbed benzo(a)pyrene (MPs-B(a)P), (5) 5 % WAF and (6) 21 μg/L B(a)P. Electrodense particles resembling NPs were seen in the intestine lumen close to microvilli. MPs were abundantly found in the intestine lumen, but not internalised into the tissues. After 21 days, NPs caused a significant downregulation of cat, and upregulation of gpx1a and sod1, while MPs upregulated cyp1a and increased the prevalence of liver vacuolisation. No histopathological alteration was observed in gills. In this study, contaminated MPs did not increase PAH levels in zebrafish but results highlight the potential differential impact of plastic particles depending on their size, making it necessary to urgently address the ecotoxicological impact of real environmental NPs and MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martínez-Álvarez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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2
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Hook SE, Foster S, Althaus F, Bearham D, Angel BM, Revill AT, Simpson SL, Strzelecki J, Cresswell T, Hayes KR. The distribution of metal and petroleum-derived contaminants within sediments around oil and gas infrastructure in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115196. [PMID: 37421917 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
As oil and gas infrastructure comes to the end of its working life, a decommissioning decision must be made: should the infrastructure be abandoned in situ, repurposed, partially removed, or fully removed? Environmental contaminants around oil and gas infrastructure could influence these decisions because contaminants in sediments could degrade the value of the infrastructure as habitat, enter the seafood supply if the area is re-opened for commercial and/or recreational fishing, or be made biologically available as sediment is resuspended when the structures are moved. An initial risk hypothesis, however, may postulate that these concerns are only relevant if contaminant concentrations are above screening values that predict the possibility of environmental harm or contaminant bioaccumulation. To determine whether a substantive contaminants-based risk assessment is needed for infrastructure in the Gippsland Basin (South-eastern Australia), we measured the concentration of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in benthic sediments collected around eight platforms earmarked for decommissioning. The measurements were compared to preset screening values and to background contaminant concentrations in reference sites. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), PAHs and other contaminants were occasionally measured at concentrations that exceeded reference values, most often within 150 m of the platforms. The exceedance of a few screening values by contaminants at some platforms indicates that these platforms require further analysis to determine the contaminant risks associated with any decommissioning option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brad M Angel
- CSIRO Environment, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
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3
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Hook SE, Strzelecki J, Adams MS, Binet MT, McKnight K, Golding LA, Elsdon TS. The Influence of Oil-in-Water Preparations on the Toxicity of Crude Oil to Marine Invertebrates and Fish Following Short-Term Pulse and Continuous Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2580-2594. [PMID: 35856873 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Following an oil spill, accurate assessments of the ecological risks of exposure to compounds within petroleum are required, as is knowledge regarding how those risks may change with the use of chemical dispersants. Laboratory toxicity tests are frequently used to assess these risks, but differences in the methods for preparation of oil-in-water solutions may confound interpretation, as may differences in exposure time to those solutions. In the present study, we used recently developed modifications of standardized ecotoxicity tests with copepods (Acartia sinjiensis), sea urchins (Heliocidaris tuberculata), and fish embryos (Seriola lalandi) to assess their response to crude oil solutions and assessed whether the oil-in-water preparation method changed the results. We created a water-accommodated fraction, a chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction, and a high-energy water-accommodated fraction (HEWAF) using standard approaches using two different dispersants, Corexit 9500 and Slickgone NS. We found that toxicity was best related to total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) concentrations in solution, regardless of the preparation method used, and that the HEWAF was the most toxic because it dispersed the highest quantity of oil into solution. The TPAH composition in water did not vary appreciably with different preparation methods. For copepods and sea urchins, we also found that at least some of the toxic response could be attributed to the chemical oil dispersant. We did not observe the characteristic cardiac deformities that have been previously reported in fish embryos, most likely due to the use of unweathered oil, and, as a consequence, the high proportion of naphthalenes relative to cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the overall composition. The present study highlights the need to characterize both the TPAH composition and concentration in test solutions when assessing oil toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2580-2594. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kitty McKnight
- CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
- Current affiliation: Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa A Golding
- CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Travis S Elsdon
- Chevron Technical Center, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Armstrong EK, Mondon J, Miller AD, Revill AT, Stephenson SA, Tan MH, Greenfield P, Tromp JJ, Corbett P, Hook SE. Transcriptomic and Histological Analysis of the Greentail Prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) Following Light Crude Oil Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2162-2180. [PMID: 35815472 PMCID: PMC9545365 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills pose a significant threat to marine biodiversity. Crude oil can partition into sediments where it may be persistent, placing benthic species such as decapods at particular risk of exposure. Transcriptomic and histological tools are often used to investigate the effects of hydrocarbon exposure on marine organisms following oil spill events, allowing for the identification of metabolic pathways impacted by oil exposure. However, there is limited information available for decapod crustaceans, many of which carry significant economic value. In the present study, we assess the sublethal impacts of crude oil exposure in the commercially important Australian greentail prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) using transcriptomic and histological analyses. Prawns exposed to light, unweathered crude oil "spiked" sediments for 90 h were transferred to clean sediments for a further 72 h to assess recovery. Chemical analyses indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased by approximately 65% and 91% in prawn muscle following 24 and 90 h of exposure, respectively, and significantly decreased during 24- and 72-h recovery periods. Transcriptomic responses followed an exposure and recovery pattern with innate immunity and nutrient metabolism transcripts significantly lowered in abundance after 24 h of exposure and were higher in abundance after 72 h of recovery. In addition, transcription/translation, cellular responses, and DNA repair pathways were significantly impacted after 24 h of exposure and recovered after 72 h of recovery. However, histological alterations such as tubule atrophy indicated an increase in severity after 24 and 72 h of recovery. The present study provides new insights into the sublethal impacts of crude oil exposure in greentail prawns and identifies molecular pathways altered by exposure. We expect these findings to inform future management associated with oil extraction activity and spills. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2162-2180. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Armstrong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereHobartTASAustralia
| | - Julie Mondon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | | | | | - Mun Hua Tan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
| | | | - Jared J. Tromp
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
| | - Patricia Corbett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVICAustralia
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5
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Ye C, Xiong W, Shi S, Shi J, Yang W, Zhang X. Biomarker Responses, Gene Expression Alterations, and Histological Changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) After In Vivo Exposure to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:907906. [PMID: 35721562 PMCID: PMC9203962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.907906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) have been detected in various aquatic matrices, which pose potential threats to aquatic ecosystem security. In this work, both micro and macro analysis methods were used to assess the toxicity of PCDEs to zebrafish. Results indicated that after in vivo PCDE exposure, the oxidative stress and related gene of Danio rerio were significantly changed. The higher concentration or longer exposure time could cause more severe oxidative stress in zebrafish tissues. Compared with among the five tested compounds, more obvious changes in the level of oxidative biomarkers of lower chlorinated PCDEs’ (4-mono-CDE and 4,4′-di-CDE) exposure groups were observed. The integrated biomarker response analysis and gene expression results also indicate a similar trend. Histopathological observation suggested that 4,4′-di-CDE could render liver nuclei enlargement and necrosis, hepatocyte vacuolation, and the development inhibition of ovarian cells. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that 4,4′-di-CDE caused organelle damage in the liver and ovary, including the rupture of the endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria, and condensation of chromatin in the liver and mitochondria disappeared significantly in the ovary. The degree of damage is enhanced with the increasing exposure doses. In addition, PCDEs also significantly altered vitellogenin content and related gene (vtg1) expression, suggesting that PCDEs may be estrogen endocrine disruptors. Overall, these results provided some valuable toxicological data of PCDEs on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Ye
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenli Xiong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuaishuai Shi
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqi Shi, ; Xuesheng Zhang,
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqi Shi, ; Xuesheng Zhang,
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Hamidi S, Banaee M, Pourkhabbaz HR, Sureda A, Khodadoust S, Pourkhabbaz AR. Effect of petroleum wastewater treated with gravity separation and magnetite nanoparticles adsorption methods on the blood biochemical response of mrigal fish (Cirrhinus cirrhosus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3718-3732. [PMID: 34389959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Drainage of treated wastewater to surface water is a severe threat to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 0.5 and 1% water-soluble fractions of crude oil (WSFO), WSFO treated with magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (TWSFO-Fe3O4) and with the gravity separation method (TWSFO-GSM) on Cirrhinus cirrhosis for 21 days. The rate of erythrocyte hemolysis in fish exposed to untreated 0.5 and 1% WSFO were significantly high. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased in the groups exposed to TWSFO-GSM compared to the control group, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced. No significant differences in LDH, ALT, ALP, and GGT activities were observed in the fish treated with TWSFO-Fe3O4. The aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly increased after exposure to TWSFO-Fe3O4 (1%) and TWSFO-GSM. The levels of triglyceride were decreased, whereas glucose, cholesterol, and cholinesterase activity increased in fish after both treatments. The total protein and albumin contents significantly decreased in fish under exposure to both doses of TWSFO-Fe3O4 and TWSFO-GSM. The globulin level decreased in fish exposed to TWSFO-Fe3O4 (1%) and TWSFO-GSM. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, and total antioxidant levels were significantly reduced in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to TWSFO-Fe3O4, TWSFO-GSM, and WSFO, while superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were increased. This study showed that despite removing oil drips from the WSFO, the xenobiotics present in the effluent treated by gravitational or nano-magnetite methods caused changes in biochemical parameters and induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent the discharge of treated effluent from the oil and petrochemical industries to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hamidi
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Saeid Khodadoust
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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7
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Mai Y, Peng S, Li H, Gao Y, Lai Z. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway activation: A potential mechanism underlying negative effects of benzo(α)pyrene on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108935. [PMID: 33161151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) is one of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments and has been shown to cause toxic effects to aquatic animals. Although the negative effects of BaP have been investigated, the potential toxic mechanisms remain uncharacterized. To explore the potential mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of BaP, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to BaP for 15 days and the toxic effects of BaP in zebrafish liver were investigated using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. After 15-day BaP exposure, zebrafish liver exhibited abnormalities including increased cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration, swelled nuclei and irregular pigmentation. BaP exposure also induced oxidative stress to the liver of zebrafish. Transcriptomic profiles revealed 5129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 15-days of BaP exposure, and the vast majority of DEGs were up-regulated under BaP treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggest that genes related to immune response were significantly dysregulated. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched and most of the genes in this pathway exhibited enhanced expression after BaP exposure. These results partially explained the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of BaP on zebrafish liver. In conclusion, BaP has the potential to induce physiological responses in zebrafish liver through altering associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Mai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyao Peng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Zini Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Kurita-Oyamada H, Brown CL, Kroll KJ, Walley SE, Keller C, Ejaz M, Kozuch M, Reed W, Grayson S, Savin DA, Denslow ND. Toxicity assessment of a novel oil dispersant based on silica nanoparticles using Fathead minnow. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105653. [PMID: 33080536 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill accidents are a major concern for aquatic organisms. In recent history, the Deepwater Horizon blowout spilled 500 million liters of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Corexit 9500A was used to disperse the oil since it was the method approved at that time, despite safety concerns about its use. A better solution is necessary for dispersing oil from spills that reduces the toxicity to exposed aquatic organisms. To address this challenge, novel engineered nanoparticles were designed using silica cores grafted with hyperbranched poly(glycidol) branches. Because the silica core and polymers are known to be biocompatible, we hypothesized that these particles are nontoxic to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and would decrease their exposure to oil polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Fathead minnow embryos, juveniles and adult stages were exposed to the particles alone or in combination with a water-accommodated fraction of oil. Acute toxicity of nanoparticles to fish was tested by measuring mortality. Sub-lethal effects were also measured including gene expression of cytochrome P450 1a (cyp1a) mRNA and heart rate in embryos. In addition, a mixture of particles plus the water-accommodated fraction was directly introduced to adult female fathead minnows by gavage. Three different nanoparticle concentrations were used (2, 10, and 50 mg/L) in either artificial fresh water or the water-accommodated fraction of the oil. In addition, nanoparticle-free controls were carried out in the two solutions. No significant mortality was observed for any age group or nanoparticle concentration, suggesting the safety of the nanoparticles. In the presence of the water-accommodated fraction alone, juvenile and adult fathead minnows responded by increasing expression of cyp1a. The addition of nanoparticles to the water-accommodated fraction reduced cyp1a gene expression in treatments. Heart rate was also restored to normal parameters in embryos co-exposed to nanoparticles and to the water-accommodated fraction. Measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons confirmed their presence in the tested solutions and the reduction of available PAH in WAF treated with the nanoparticles. Our findings suggest the engineered nanoparticles may be protecting the fish by sequestering polyaromatic hydrocarbons from oil, measured indirectly by the induction of cypa1 mRNAs. Furthermore, chemical analysis showed a reduction in PAH content in the water accommodated fraction with the presence of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kurita-Oyamada
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Caroline L Brown
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Susan E Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Ejaz
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Marianne Kozuch
- Analytical Toxicology Core Laboratory, University of Florida
| | - Wayne Reed
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Scott Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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9
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Hook SE. Beyond Thresholds: A Holistic Approach to Impact Assessment Is Needed to Enable Accurate Predictions of Environmental Risk from Oil Spills. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:813-830. [PMID: 32729983 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment for the environmental impact of oil spills in Australia is often conducted in part using a combination of spill mapping and toxicological thresholds derived from laboratory studies. While this process is useful in planning operational responses, such as where to position equipment stockpiles and whether to disperse oil, and can be used to identify areas near the spill site where impacts are likely to occur, it cannot accurately predict the environmental consequences of an oil spill or the ecosystem recovery times. Evidence of this disconnect between model predictions and observed impacts is the lack of a profound effect of the Deepwater Horizon wellhead blowout on recruitment to fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico, contrary to the predictions made in the Natural Resources Damage Assessment and despite the occurrence of impacts of the spill on marine mammals, marshes, and deep water ecosystems. The incongruity between predictions made with the current approach using threshold monitoring and impacts measured in the field results from some of the assumptions included in the oil spill models. The incorrect assumptions include that toxicity is acute, results from dissolved phase exposure, and would be readily reversible. The toxicity tests from which threshold models are derived use members of the ecosystem that are easily studied in the lab but may not represent the ecosystem as a whole. The test species are typically highly abundant plankton or planktonic life stages, and they have life histories that account for rapid changes in environmental conditions. As a consequence, these organisms recover quickly from an oil spill. The interdependence of ecosystem components, including the reliance of organisms on their microbiomes, is often overlooked. Additional research to assess these data gaps conducted using economically and ecologically relevant species, especially in Australia and other understudied areas of the world, and the use of population dynamic models, will improve the accuracy of environmental risk assessment for oil spills. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:813-830. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Avey SR, Kennedy CJ, Farrell AP, Gillis TE, Alderman SL. Effects of diluted bitumen exposure on Atlantic salmon smolts: Molecular and metabolic responses in relation to swimming performance. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105423. [PMID: 32006756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Canada's oil sands industry continues to expand and the volume of diluted bitumen (dilbit) transported across North America is increasing, adding to spill risk and environmental contamination. Dilbit exposure is known to cause adverse effects in fish, but linking molecular and cellular changes with ecologically-relevant individual performance metrics is needed to better understand the potential consequences of a dilbit spill into the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study examined the effects of dilbit exposure on subcellular responses in cardiac and skeletal muscle in relation to swimming performance in a migratory fish species at risk of exposure, Atlantic salmon. Smolts were exposed subchronically to environmentally relevant concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of dilbit (WSFd) for 24 d, and then a subset of exposed fish underwent a depuration period of 7 or 14 d, for a total of 3 experimental time points. At each time point, repeat swimming performance was assessed using sequential critical swimming speed tests (Ucrit) separated by a 24 h rest period, and then several tissues were collected to determine biotransformation enzyme activation, energetic responses, and gene expression changes. Ucrit was unaffected in fish exposed to 67.9 μg/L total initial polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), but fish showed a decreased reliance on lipid metabolism for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the heart that was maintained through 7 d depuration. In contrast, Ucrit increased in fish exposed to 9.65 μg/L PAC, corresponding to an increased reliance on anaerobic metabolic pathways in cardiac and red skeletal muscle, with partial recovery after 7 d depuration. As expected, at both concentrations WSFd hepatic cyp 1A-mediated biotransformation reactions increased, as measured by EROD activity, which remained elevated for 7 d but not after 14 d depuration. Transcript abundance of cyp1a was also increased in muscle tissue and recovered by 14 d depuration. The expression of other stress-related genes increased in white muscle of dilbit-exposed fish, but were largely unchanged in cardiac and red muscle. The transcriptional profile of cardiac tissue was compared to that of sockeye salmon similarly exposed to WSFd in a previous experiment, and is provided in supplemental text. Combined, these results demonstrate that dilbit exposure alters gene expression and enzyme activities related to xenobiotic exposure, cellular stress, and muscle energetics in juvenile Atlantic salmon without impairing swimming performance, and that most of these changes are recoverable within 14 d depuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Avey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah L Alderman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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G DP, Souza-Bastos LR, Giacomin M, Dolatto RG, Baika LM, Grassi MT, Ostrensky A, Wood CM. Acute exposure to the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSF G) affects oxygen consumption, nitrogenous-waste and Mg excretion, and activates anaerobic metabolism in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108590. [PMID: 31404698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic environments by petroleum and its products (e.g. gasoline) is a hazard for aquatic organisms as a result of the potential toxicity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Our goal was to evaluate the acute effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) on nitrogen excretion, osmoregulation, and metabolism of goldfish Carassius auratus. We first chemically characterized the WSFG and then tested its effects on these physiological aspects of C. auratus, in several different exposure scenarios (0, 0.25, 5, 10 and 25% of WSFG). The WSFG contained high concentrations BTEX (toluene 70% and benzene 17%) relative to PAH (<1%), and low levels of several metals (Al, Fe, Zn, Sr). Routine O2 uptake rate (MO2) of goldfish was inhibited by exposure to 5% WSFG, and during post-exposure recovery, MO2 increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Ammonia excretion was not affected by exposure to WSFG, but urea-N excretion increased progressively with the WSFG concentration. The same pattern of dose/response was observed for net Mg2+ loss rates and steadily increasing plasma lactate concentrations. Loss rates of Na+, Ca2+, K+ and Cl-, and plasma concentrations of Mg2+ and urea-N were not significantly altered. We propose that acute exposure to WSFG inhibits aerobic metabolism and activates anaerobic metabolism, breaking down ATP such that bound Mg2+ is liberated and the purine ring component is metabolized to urea-N, both of which are subsequently excreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal Pont G
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR ZIP 80035-050, Brazil; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Souza-Bastos
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR ZIP 80035-050, Brazil; Institute of Technology for Development - Lactec, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Rafael Garrett Dolatto
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Loana Mara Baika
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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12
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Mai Y, Peng S, Li H, Lai Z. Histological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal liver damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to phenanthrene. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108582. [PMID: 31374294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is a common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in aquatic environments, and this contaminant can cause adverse effects on teleostean performance. In this study, we exposed the model freshwater fish (zebrafish; Danio rerio) to 300 μg/L PHE for 15 days. Histological analysis demonstrated that liver morphology deteriorated in PHE-exposed zebrafish, and cellular damage in the liver increased. Biological analysis revealed that exposure to PHE elicited significant changes in glutathione S-transferases (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. 476 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in liver between control and PHE treated groups through the transcriptomic analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis (GO) suggested that PHE exposure induced changes in the expression of genes associated with "lipid transporter activity", "catalytic activity", "metal ion binding", "lipid transport" and "transmembrane transport". Furthermore, the "vitamin digestion and absorption" and "fat digestion and absorption" pathways enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis (KEGG). Additionally, five candidate biomarkers associated with the PHE response in zebrafish were identified. In conclusion, our results elucidate the physiological and molecular responses to PHE exposure in the liver of zebrafish, and provide a framework for further studies of the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Mai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Songyao Peng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zini Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
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13
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De Novo assembly and characterisation of the greentail prawn (Metapenaeus bennettae) hepatopancreas transcriptome – identification of stress response and detoxification transcripts. Mar Genomics 2019; 47:100677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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