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Kumar G, Sakharam KA. Tackling Influenza A virus by M2 ion channel blockers: Latest progress and limitations. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116172. [PMID: 38330869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Influenza outbreaks cause pandemics in millions of people. The treatment of influenza remains a challenge due to significant genetic polymorphism in the influenza virus. Also, developing vaccines to protect against seasonal and pandemic influenza infections is constantly impeded. Thus, antibiotics are the only first line of defense against antigenically distinct strains or new subtypes of influenza viruses. Among several anti-influenza targets, the M2 protein of the influenza virus performs several activities. M2 protein is an ion channel that permits proton conductance through the virion envelope and the deacidification of the Golgi apparatus. Both these functions are critical for viral replication. Thus, targeting the M2 protein of the influenza virus is an essential target. Rimantadine and amantadine are two well-known drugs that act on the M2 protein. However, these drugs acquired resistance to influenza and thus are not recommended to treat influenza infections. This review discusses an overview of anti-influenza therapy, M2 ion channel functions, and its working principle. It also discusses the M2 structure and its role, and the change in the structure leads to mutant variants of influenza A virus. We also shed light on the recently identified compounds acting against wild-type and mutated M2 proteins of influenza virus A. These scaffolds could be an alternative to M2 inhibitors and be developed as antibiotics for treating influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kakade Aditi Sakharam
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India
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2
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Chang C, You H, Su H, Hung I, Kao C, Huang S. Anti-influenza A (H1N1) virus effect of gallic acid through inhibition of virulent protein production and association with autophagy. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1605-1615. [PMID: 38455214 PMCID: PMC10916620 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the most serious infectious diseases. Gallic acid is one of the most common and representative phenolic acids found in various plants. This is an interesting subject to explore how gallic acid could inhibit H1N1 influenza virus infection by reducing the production of virulent proteins and interrupting autophagy machinery for influenza virus replication on the host cell. Cellular viability was assessed by XTT assay. The inhibitory effects on the H1N1 influenza virus were assessed by hemagglutination assay, plaque assay, and qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used for detecting protein levels of M1, M2, NP, LC3B, and beclin-1. Autophagy activity was demonstrated by acridine orange staining assay. The result demonstrated that there was no cytotoxic effect of gallic acid on A549 cells, and gallic acid could restore the cellular viability of H1N1 influenza virus-infected A549 cells within the experimental concentration treatment. Moreover, gallic acid could effectively restrain viral activity of the H1N1 influenza virus. After the treatment of gallic acid, the production of virulent H1N1 influenza virus proteins, that is, M1, M2, and NP protein were reduced. As for autophagic mechanism, both of the LC3B II conversion and the level ratio of LC3B II to LC3B I were notably decreased. The acridine orange staining assay also revealed decreased accumulation of autophagosomes in H1N1 influenza virus-infected cells. In conclusion, gallic acid suppresses H1N1 influenza viral infectivity through restoration of autophagy pathway and inhibition of virulent M1, M2, and NP protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Chieh Chang
- Department of Chinese MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Huey‐Ling You
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Huey‐Jen Su
- Department of NursingMeiho UniversityNeipu ShiangTaiwan
| | - I‐Ling Hung
- Department of Chinese MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Chinese MedicineJen‐Ai HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Wei Kao
- Department of Chinese MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- School of Chinese MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- An‐Nan HospitalChina Medical UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Cancer Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Senevirathne A, Jayathilaka EHTT, Haluwana DK, Chathuranga K, Senevirathne M, Jeong JS, Kim TW, Lee JS, De Zoysa M. The Aqueous Leaf Extract of the Medicinal Herb Costus speciosus Suppresses Influenza A H1N1 Viral Activity under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Viruses 2023; 15:1375. [PMID: 37376674 DOI: 10.3390/v15061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antiviral activity of aqueous leaf extract of Costus speciosus (TB100) against influenza A. Pretreatment of TB100 in RAW264.7 cells enhanced antiviral activity in an assay using the green fluorescence-expressing influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) virus. The fifty percent effective concentration (EC50) and fifty percent cytotoxic concentration (CC50) were determined to be 15.19 ± 0.61 and 117.12 ± 18.31 µg/mL, respectively, for RAW264.7 cells. Based on fluorescent microscopy, green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression and viral copy number reduction confirmed that TB100 inhibited viral replication in murine RAW264.7 and human A549 and HEp2 cells. In vitro pretreatment with TB100 induced the phosphorylation of transcriptional activators TBK1, IRF3, STAT1, IKB-α, and p65 associated with interferon pathways, indicating the activation of antiviral defenses. The safety and protective efficacy of TB100 were assessed in BALB/c mice as an oral treatment and the results confirmed that it was safe and effective against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), A/Philippines/2/2008 (H3N2), and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004 (H9N2). High-performance liquid chromatography of aqueous extracts led to the identification of cinnamic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids as potential chemicals for antiviral responses. Further confirmatory studies using these acids revealed that each of them confers significant antiviral effects against influenza when used as pretreatment and enhances the antiviral response in a time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that TB100 has the potential to be developed into an antiviral agent that is effective against seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Haluwana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahinda Senevirathne
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Ji-Soo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-go, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Chen Z, Ye SY. Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1063-1076. [PMID: 35634712 PMCID: PMC9154771 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Viruses have the characteristics of rapid transmission and high mortality. At present, western medicines still lack an ideal antiviral. As natural products, many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have certain inhibitory effects on viruses, which has become the hotspot of medical research in recent years. OBJECTIVE The antiviral active ingredients and mechanisms of TCM against viral diseases was studied in combination with the pathogenesis of viral diseases and antiviral effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1999 to 2021 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (CP), and CNKI (Chinese). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), active ingredients, antiviral, mechanism of action, and anti-inflammatory effect were used as the key words. RESULTS The antiviral activity of TCM is clarified to put forward a strategy for discovering active compounds against viruses, and provide reference for screening antivirus drugs from TCM. TCM can not only directly kill viruses and inhibit the proliferation of viruses in cells, but also prevent viruses from infecting cells and causing cytophilia. It can also regulate the human immune system, enhance human immunity, and play an indirect antiviral role. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Based on the experimental study and antiviral mechanism of TCM, this paper can provide analytical evidence that supports the effectiveness of TCM in treating virus infections, as well as their mechanisms against viruses. It could be helpful to provide reference for the research and development of innovative TCMs with multiple components, multiple targets and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Wei X, Sun W, Zhu P, Ou G, Zhang S, Li Y, Hu J, Qu X, Zhong Y, Yu W, You Z, Wang Y, Wu Y. Refined polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum resists H1N1 influenza viral infection in mice by activating immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999945. [PMID: 36177044 PMCID: PMC9513056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium polysaccharide exhibits multiple biological activities, such as immune regulation, antioxidation, and antitumor. However, its resistance to viral infection by stimulating immunity is rarely reported. In this study, we explored the effect and mechanism of DVP-1, a novel polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum, in the activation of immunity. After being activated by DVP-1, the ability of mice to prevent H1N1 influenza virus infection was investigated. Results of immune regulation showed that DVP-1 significantly improved the immune organ index, lymphocyte proliferation, and mRNA expression level of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α in the spleen. Immunohistochemical results showed that DVP-1 obviously promoted the mucosal immunity in the jejunum tissue. In addition, the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 and the phosphorylation levels of TAK1, Erk, JNK, and NF-κB in the spleen were upregulated by DVP-1. The virus infection results showed that the weight loss of mice slowed down, the survival rate increased, the organ index of the lung reduced, and the virus content in the lung decreased after DVP-1 activated immunity. By activating immunity with DVP-1, the production of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors in BALF, and alveolar as well as peribronchiolar inflammation could be prevented. The results manifested that DVP-1 could resist H1N1 influenza virus infection by activating immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wei
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoteng Ou
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang You
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
| | - Yueguo Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenqiang You, ; Yin Wang, ; Yueguo Wu,
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Liu S, Gai S, Han G, Jiang Y, Li B, Li D, Yang S, Lv Z. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of penindolone in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5388. [PMID: 35474234 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Penindolone (PND) is a novel Influenza A virus dual inhibitor that blocks hemagglutinin-mediated adsorption and membrane fusion. A sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine PND in rat plasma. Plasma samples preparation was a simple deproteinization with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was carried out by electrospray ionization in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Linear detection responses were obtained for PND ranging from 1 to 1000 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviations, RSD) were within 6.5%, and accuracy (relative error, RE) was within ±11.0%. The extraction recovery data of PND and IS were more than 96.0%. PND were proved to be stable during the sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of PND in rats. The results showed the existence of twin peaks, gender difference and nonlinear pharmacokinetics of PND. In addition, two oxidation metabolites and three glucuronidation metabolites of PND were detected by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Susu Gai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Gaitian Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Xu X, Zhang QY, Chu XY, Quan Y, Lv BM, Zhang HY. Facilitating Antiviral Drug Discovery Using Genetic and Evolutionary Knowledge. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112117. [PMID: 34834924 PMCID: PMC8626054 DOI: 10.3390/v13112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of human history, billions of people worldwide have been infected by various viruses. Despite rapid progress in the development of biomedical techniques, it is still a significant challenge to find promising new antiviral targets and drugs. In the past, antiviral drugs mainly targeted viral proteins when they were used as part of treatment strategies. Since the virus mutation rate is much faster than that of the host, such drugs feature drug resistance and narrow-spectrum antiviral problems. Therefore, the targeting of host molecules has gradually become an important area of research for the development of antiviral drugs. In recent years, rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled numerous genetic studies (such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screening, etc.) for human diseases, providing valuable genetic and evolutionary resources. Furthermore, it has been revealed that successful drug targets exhibit similar genetic and evolutionary features, which are of great value in identifying promising drug targets and discovering new drugs. Considering these developments, in this article the authors propose a host-targeted antiviral drug discovery strategy based on knowledge of genetics and evolution. We first comprehensively summarized the genetic, subcellular location, and evolutionary features of the human genes that have been successfully used as antiviral targets. Next, the summarized features were used to screen novel druggable antiviral targets and to find potential antiviral drugs, in an attempt to promote the discovery of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing-Ye Zhang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.Z.); (H.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-0877 (H.-Y.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.Z.); (H.-Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8728-0877 (H.-Y.Z.)
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Pedrina J, Stambas J. Targeting the Host Response: Can We Manipulate Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity to Improve Influenza Virus Infection Outcomes? Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703456. [PMID: 34291090 PMCID: PMC8287203 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, hundreds of thousands of individuals succumb to influenza virus infection and its associated complications. Several preventative and therapeutic options may be applied in order to preserve life. These traditional approaches include administration of seasonal influenza vaccines, pharmacological interventions in the form of antiviral drug therapy and supportive clinical approaches including mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While these measures have shown varying degrees of success, antiviral therapies and vaccination are constrained due to ongoing antigenic drift. Moreover, clinical approaches can also be associated with complications and drawbacks. These factors have led to the exploration and development of more sophisticated and nuanced therapeutic approaches involving host proteins. Advances in immunotherapy in the cancer field or administration of steroids following virus infection have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting host immune responses. We have now reached a point where we can consider the contribution of other “non-traditional” host components such as the extracellular matrix in immunity. Herein, we will review current, established therapeutic interventions and consider novel therapeutic approaches involving the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Pedrina
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Devi AB, Sarala R. Substantial effect of phytochemical constituents against the pandemic disease influenza-a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:120. [PMID: 34150912 PMCID: PMC8196934 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza virus. Vaccination and antiviral drugs are the two methods opted to control the disease. Besides their efficiency, they also cause adverse side effects. Hence, scientists turned their attention to powerful herbal medicines. This review put focus on various proven, scientifically validated anti-influenza compounds produced by the plants suggested for the production of newer drugs for the better treatment of influenza and its related antiviral diseases too. Main body In this review, fifty medicinal herb phytochemical constituents and their anti-influenza activities have been documented. Specifically, this review brings out the accurate and substantiates mechanisms of action of these constituents. This study categorizes the phytochemical constituents into primary and secondary metabolites which provide a source for synthesizing and developing new drugs. Conclusion This article provides a summary of the actions of the herbal constituents. Since the mechanisms of action of the components are elucidated, the pandemic situation arising due to influenza and similar antiviral diseases can be handled promisingly with greater efficiency. However, clinical trials are in great demand. The formulation of usage may be a single drug compound or multi-herbal combination. These, in turn, open up a new arena for the pharmaceutical industries to develop innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brindha Devi
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sarala
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dawre S, Maru S. Human respiratory viral infections: Current status and future prospects of nanotechnology-based approaches for prophylaxis and treatment. Life Sci 2021; 278:119561. [PMID: 33915132 PMCID: PMC8074533 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are major cause of highly mortal pandemics. They are impacting socioeconomic development and healthcare system globally. These emerging deadly respiratory viruses develop newer survival strategies to live inside host cells and tricking the immune system of host. Currently, medical facilities, therapies and research -development teams of every country kneel down before novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) which claimed ~2,828,629 lives till date. Thus, there is urgent requirement of novel treatment strategies to combat against these emerging respiratory viral infections. Nanocarriers come under the umbrella of nanotechnology and offer numerous benefits compared to traditional dosage forms. Further, unique physicochemical properties (size, shape and surface charge) of nanocarriers provide additional advantage for targeted delivery. This review discusses in detail about the respiratory viruses, their transmission mode and cell invasion pathways, survival strategies, available therapies, and nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutics. Further, the role of nanocarriers in the development of treatment therapy against SARS-CoV-2 is also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Dawre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy &, Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Babulde Banks of Tapi River, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
| | - Saurabh Maru
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Babulde Banks of Tapi River, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
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Souza E Souza KFC, Moraes BPT, Paixão ICNDP, Burth P, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Na +/K +-ATPase as a Target of Cardiac Glycosides for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624704. [PMID: 33935717 PMCID: PMC8085498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified for the first time in Wuhan, China, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which moved from epidemic status to becoming a pandemic. Since its discovery in December 2019, there have been countless cases of mortality and morbidity due to this virus. Several compounds such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and remdesivir have been tested as potential therapies; however, no effective treatment is currently recommended by regulatory agencies. Some studies on respiratory non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and rhinovirus and some respiratory enveloped viruses including human respiratory syncytial viruses, influenza A, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown the antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides, correlating their effect with Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modulation. Cardiac glycosides are secondary metabolites used to treat patients with cardiac insufficiency because they are the most potent inotropic agents. The effects of cardiac glycosides on NKA are dependent on cell type, exposure time, and drug concentration. They may also cause blockage of Na+ and K+ ionic transport or trigger signaling pathways. The antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides is related to cell signaling activation through NKA inhibition. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) seems to be an essential transcription factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. NFκB inhibition by cardiac glycosides interferes directly with SARS-CoV-2 yield and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of cardiac glycosides is associated with tyrosine kinase (Src) activation, and NFκB appears to be regulated by Src. Src is one of the main signaling targets of the NKA α-subunit, modulating other signaling factors that may also impair viral infection. These data suggest that Src-NFκB signaling modulated by NKA plays a crucial role in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we discuss the antiviral effects of cardiac glycosides on different respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 pathology, cell signaling pathways, and NKA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Francisco Corrêa Souza E Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares Moraes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neûrologia/Neurociências, Hospital Antônio Pedro Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBMC), Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Glubokova EA, Leneva IA, Kartashova NP, Falynskova IN, Tikhov RM, Kuznetsov NY. Efficacy of (R)-6-Adamantane-Derivatives of 1,3-Oxazinan-2-One and Piperidine-2,4-Dione in The Treatment of Mice Infected by the A/California/04/2009 influenza Virus. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:116-125. [PMID: 34377562 PMCID: PMC8327147 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antivirals as an additional line of defense against influenza. One of such drugs is rimantadine. However, most of the circulating strains of influenza A viruses are resistant to this drug. Thus, a search for analogs effective against rimantadine-resistant viruses is of the utmost importance. Here, we examined the efficiency of two adamantane azaheterocyclic rimantadine derivatives on a mouse model of pneumonia caused by the rimantadine-resistant influenza A virus /California/ 04/2009 (H1N1). BALB/c mice inoculated with the virus were treated with two doses (15 mg and 20 mg/kg a day) of tested analogs via oral administration for 5 days starting 4 hours before the infection. The efficacy was assessed by survival rate, mean day to death, weight loss, and viral titer in the lungs. Oral treatment with both compounds in both doses protected 60-100% of the animals, significantly increased the survival rate, and abolished weight loss. The treatments also inhibited virus titer in the lungs in comparison to the control group. This treatment was more effective compared to rimantadine at the same scheme and dosage. Moreover, the study of the sensitivity of the virus isolated from the lungs of the treated mice and grown in MDCK cells showed that no resistance had emerged during the 5 days of treatment with both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Glubokova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - I. A. Leneva
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - N. P. Kartashova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - I. N. Falynskova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - R. M. Tikhov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - N. Yu. Kuznetsov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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13
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Ghareeb DA, Saleh SR, Nofal MS, Kaddah MMY, Hassan SF, Seif IK, El-Zahaby SA, Khedr SM, Kenawy MY, Masoud AA, Soudi SA, Sobhy AA, Sery JG, El-Wahab MGA, Elmoneam AAA, Al-mahallawi AM, El-Demellawy MA. Potential therapeutic and pharmacological strategies for SARS-CoV2. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-021-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Ghareeb DA, Saleh SR, Nofal MS, Kaddah MMY, Hassan SF, Seif IK, El-Zahaby SA, Khedr SM, Kenawy MY, Masoud AA, Soudi SA, Sobhy AA, Sery JG, El-Wahab MGA, Elmoneam AAA, Al-mahallawi AM, El-Demellawy MA. Potential therapeutic and pharmacological strategies for SARS-CoV2. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 51:281-296. [PMID: 33688448 PMCID: PMC7933375 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the end of 2019, the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) strain causing severe acute respiratory syndrome swept the world. From November 2019 till February 2021, this virus infected nearly 104 million, with more than two million deaths and about 25 million active cases. This has prompted scientists to discover effective drugs to combat this pandemic. AREA COVERED Drug repurposing is the magic bullet for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Therefore, several drugs have been investigated in silico, in vitro, as well as through human trials such as anti-SARS-CoV2 agents, or to prevent the complications resulting from the virus. In this review, the mechanisms of action of different therapeutic strategies are summarized. According to the WHO, different classes of drugs can be used, including anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant drugs, as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, antibiotics, vitamins, zinc, neutralizing antibodies, and convalescent plasma therapy. Recently, there are some vaccines which are approved against SARS-CoV2. EXPERT OPINION A complete understanding of the structure and function of all viral proteins that play a fundamental role in viral infection, which contribute to the therapeutic intervention and the development of vaccine in order to reduce the mortality rate. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40005-021-00520-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A. Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Samar R. Saleh
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Nofal
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Y. Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Salma. F. Hassan
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Inas K. Seif
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sally A. El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Khedr
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Marwa Y. Kenawy
- Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Aliaa A. Masoud
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma A. Soudi
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sobhy
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jaillan G. Sery
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Miral G. Abd El-Wahab
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Alshimaa A. Abd Elmoneam
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A. El-Demellawy
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria Egypt
- Medical Biotechnology Department, GEBRI, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria Egypt
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15
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Anti-Influenza Activity of the Ribonuclease Binase: Cellular Targets Detected by Quantitative Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218294. [PMID: 33167434 PMCID: PMC7663932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpredictable influenza pandemics, annual epidemics, and sporadic poultry-to-human avian influenza virus infections with high morbidity and mortality rates dictate a need to develop new antiviral approaches. Targeting cellular pathways and processes is a promising antiviral strategy shown to be effective regardless of viral subtypes or viral evolution of drug-resistant variants. Proteomics-based searches provide a tool to reveal the druggable stages of the virus life cycle and to understand the putative antiviral mode of action of the drug(s). Ribonucleases (RNases) of different origins not only demonstrate antiviral effects that are mediated by the direct RNase action on viral and cellular RNAs but can also exert their impact by signal transduction modulation. To our knowledge, studies of the RNase-affected cell proteome have not yet been performed. To reveal cellular targets and explain the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effect employed by the small extra-cellular ribonuclease of Bacillus pumilus (binase) both in vitro and in vivo, qualitative shotgun and quantitative targeted proteomic analyses of the influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1pdm09-infected A549 cells upon binase treatment were performed. We compared proteomes of mock-treated, binase-treated, virus-infected, and virus-infected binase-treated cells to determine the proteins affected by IAV and/or binase. In general, IAV demonstrated a downregulating strategy towards cellular proteins, while binase had an upregulating effect. With the help of bioinformatics approaches, coregulated cellular protein sets were defined and assigned to their biological function; a possible interconnection with the progression of viral infection was conferred. Most of the proteins downregulated by IAV (e.g., AKR1B1, AKR1C1, CCL5, PFN1, RAN, S100A4, etc.) belong to the processes of cellular metabolism, response to stimulus, biological regulation, and cellular localization. Upregulated proteins upon the binase treatment (e.g., AKR1B10, CAP1, HNRNPA2B1, PFN1, PPIA, YWHAB, etc.) are united by the processes of biological regulation, cellular localization, and immune and metabolic processes. The antiviral activity of binase against IAV was expressed by the inversion of virus-induced proteomic changes, resulting in the inhibition of virus-associated processes, including nuclear ribonucleoprotein export (NCL, NPM1, Nup205, and Bax proteins involved) and cytoskeleton remodeling (RDX, PFN1, and TUBB) induced by IAV at the middle stage of single-cycle infection in A549 cells. Modulation of the immune response could be involved as well. Overall, it seems possible that binase exerts its antiviral effects in multiple ways.
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Xi S, Li Y, Yue L, Gong Y, Qian L, Liang T, Ye Y. Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Viral Pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582322. [PMID: 33192523 PMCID: PMC7642817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is one kind of acute respiratory tract infection caused by the virus. There have been many outbreaks of viral pneumonia with high contagiousness and mortality both in China and abroad, such as the great influenza in 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003, the Influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009, and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019. These outbreaks and/or pandemic have significant impact on human life, social behaviors, and economic development. Moreover, no specific drug has been developed for these viruses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of viral pneumonia during these outbreaks especially in SARS and SARS-CoV-2 because studies suggest that TCM formulations may target several aspects of the disease and may have lesser side effects than manufactured pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a lot of clinicians and researchers have made a series of in-depth explorations and investigations on the treatment of viral pneumonia with TCM, which have understood TCM therapeutic mechanisms more specifically and clearly. But critical analysis of this research in addition to further studies are needed to assess the potential of TCM in the treatment of viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lifeng Yue
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Linchao Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Tengxiao Liang
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong'an Ye
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Dynamic Propagation and Impact of Pandemic Influenza A (2009 H1N1) in Children: A Detailed Review. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3809-3820. [PMID: 32959089 PMCID: PMC7505219 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the circulating Swine flu virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the unique blending strain of influenza A H1N1 2009 (Swine Flu) is a pandemic affecting several geographical regions, including India. Previous literature indicates that children are "drivers" of influenza pandemics. At present, satisfactory data were not available to accurately estimate the role of children in the spread of influenza (in particular 2009 pandemic influenza). However, the role of children in the spread of pandemics influenza is unclear. Several studies in children have indicated that the immunization program decreased the occurrence of influenza, emphasizing the significance of communities impacted by global immunization programs. This article provides a brief overview on how children are a key contributor to pandemic Influenza A (2009 H1N1) and we would like to draw your attention to the need for a new vaccine for children to improve disease prevention and a positive impact on the community.
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18
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Teplyakova TV, Ilyicheva TN, Markovich NA. Prospects for the Development of Anti-Influenza Drugs Based on Medicinal Mushrooms (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Yan W, Chen J, Wei Z, Wang X, Zeng Z, Tembo D, Wang Y, Wang X. Effect of eleutheroside B1 on non‑coding RNAs and protein profiles of influenza A virus‑infected A549 cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:753-768. [PMID: 31985023 PMCID: PMC7015140 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses often pose a serious threat to animals and human health. In an attempt to explore the potential of herbal medicine as a treatment for influenza virus infection, eleutheroside B1, a coumarin compound extracted from herba sarcandrae, was identified, which exhibited antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against influenza A virus. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) assays were performed to determine alterations in the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcriptome and proteomics. Bioinformatics and target prediction analyses were used to decipher the potential roles of altered ncRNAs in the function of eleutheroside B1. Furthermore, long ncRNA (lncRNA) and mRNA co-expressing networks were constructed to analyze the biological functions by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that 5 differentially expressed ncRNAs were upregulated and 3 ncRNAs were downregulated in the A549 cells infected with A/PR8/34/H1N1, with or without eleutheroside B1 treatment (PR8+eleu and PR8, respectively). Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) was differentially expressed between the PR8 and A549 cell groups. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that eleutheroside B1 took advantage of the host cell biological processes and molecular function for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as for regulating cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction in the immune system, consistent with previous findings. The results of the iTRAQ assays indicated that L antigen family member 3 (LAGE3) protein, essential for tRNA processing, tRNA metabolic processes and ncRNA processing, was down-regulated in the PR8+eleu compared with the PR8 group. In the present study, these comprehensive, large-scale data analysis enhanced the understanding of multiple aspects of the transcriptome and proteomics that are involved in the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of eleutheroside B1. These findings demonstrate the potential of eleutheroside B1 for use in the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhenquan Wei
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Dumizulu Tembo
- Centre of Immunology of Marseille‑Luminy, Aix‑Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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20
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Credille CV, Morrison CN, Stokes RW, Dick BL, Feng Y, Sun J, Chen Y, Cohen SM. SAR Exploration of Tight-Binding Inhibitors of Influenza Virus PA Endonuclease. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9438-9449. [PMID: 31536340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been reported on the development of influenza antivirals including inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PA N-terminal (PAN) endonuclease. Based on recently identified, highly active metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) for PAN endonuclease inhibition, a fragment-based drug development campaign was pursued. Guided by coordination chemistry and structure-based drug design, MBP scaffolds were elaborated to improve activity and selectivity. Structure-activity relationships were established and used to generate inhibitors of influenza endonuclease with tight-binding affinities. The activity of these inhibitors was analyzed using a fluorescence-quenching-based nuclease activity assay, and binding was validated using differential scanning fluorometry. Lead compounds were found to be highly selective for PAN endonuclease against several related dinuclear and mononuclear metalloenzymes. Combining principles of bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry in this study has resulted in some of the most active in vitro influenza PAN endonuclease inhibitors with high ligand efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Ryjul W Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Yifan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , No. 94 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin , 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , No. 94 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin , 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , No. 94 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin , 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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21
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Li W, Yang F, Meng L, Sun J, Su Y, Shao L, Zhou D, Yu F. Synthesis, Structure Activity Relationship and Anti-influenza A Virus Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid-Linear Amino Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1201-1207. [PMID: 31434835 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) was discovered as a mild influenza hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitor in our earlier studies. In the present work, 20 compounds were prepared by structural modifications of OA, and their antiviral activities against influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were evaluated. Based on the biological result, structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed. Compound 10 with six-carbon chain and a terminal hydroxyl group showed the strongest anti-influenza activity with an IC50 of 2.98 µM, which is an order of magnitude more potent than OA. Hemagglutination inhibition and Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay indicated that compound 10 might interfere with influenza invasion by interacting with HA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Fan Yang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Lingkuan Meng
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University
| | - Yangqing Su
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Liang Shao
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University
| | - Fei Yu
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology
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22
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Behzadi MA, Leyva-Grado VH. Overview of Current Therapeutics and Novel Candidates Against Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1327. [PMID: 31275265 PMCID: PMC6594388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence and re-emergence of respiratory virus infections represent a significant threat to global public health, as they occur seasonally and less frequently (such as in the case of influenza virus) as pandemic infections. Some of these viruses have been in the human population for centuries and others had recently emerged as a public health problem. Influenza viruses have been affecting the human population for a long time now; however, their ability to rapidly evolve through antigenic drift and antigenic shift causes the emergence of new strains. A recent example of these events is the avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus outbreak currently undergoing in China. Human H7N9 influenza viruses are resistant to amantadines and some strains are also resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors greatly limiting the options for treatment. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may cause a lower respiratory tract infection characterized by bronchiolitis and pneumonia mainly in children and the elderly. Infection with RSV can cause severe disease and even death, imposing a severe burden for pediatric and geriatric health systems worldwide. Treatment for RSV is mainly supportive since the only approved therapy, a monoclonal antibody, is recommended for prophylactic use in high-risk patients. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerging respiratory virus. The virus was first recognized in 2012 and it is associated with a lower respiratory tract disease that is more severe in patients with comorbidities. No licensed vaccines or antivirals have been yet approved for the treatment of MERS-CoV in humans. It is clear that the discovery and development of novel antivirals that can be used alone or in combination with existing therapies to treat these important respiratory viral infections are critical. In this review, we will describe some of the novel therapeutics currently under development for the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victor H Leyva-Grado
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Structural insight into RNA synthesis by influenza D polymerase. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1750-1759. [PMID: 31209309 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus polymerase uses capped RNA primers to initiate transcription, and a combination of terminal and internal de novo initiations for the two-step replication process by binding the conserved viral genomic RNA (vRNA) or complementary RNA (cRNA) promoter. Here, we determined the apo and promoter-bound influenza D polymerase structures using cryo-electron microscopy and found the polymerase has an evolutionarily conserved stable core structure with inherently flexible peripheral domains. Strikingly, two conformations (mode A and B) of the vRNA promoter were observed where the 3'-vRNA end can bind at two different sites, whereas the cRNA promoter only binds in the mode B conformation. Functional studies confirmed the critical role of the mode B conformation for vRNA synthesis via the intermediate cRNA but not for cRNA production, which is mainly regulated by the mode A conformation. Both conformations participate in the regulation of the transcription process. This work advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for the synthesis of different RNA species by influenza virus polymerase and opens new opportunities for antiviral drug design.
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24
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Li Z, Liu Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H. Natural Sulforaphane From Broccoli Seeds Against Influenza A Virus Replication in MDCK Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19858221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
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25
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Jairaj A, Shirisha P, Abdul MSM, Fatima U, Tiwari RVC, Moothedath M. Adult Immunization - Need of the Hour. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:475-481. [PMID: 30596036 PMCID: PMC6280562 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_347_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is the process of making individuals immune. Childhood immunization is a common process for various aliments, but adult immunization in the Indian scenario is obscure. Officially, India has been declared polio-free, which is an achievement despite cultural, political, economic, geographic, and so many other factors. The changing demographics of adult, geriatric population and growing cost of health-care maintenance are a concern in developing countries like India. Thus, promoting healthy lifestyle needs prevention, early detection, and management of various diseases and disorders. Certainly, prevention in adults is yet to be tapped completely, so that goal of 100% prevention can be achieved. Various fraternities of medical association have come up with guidelines for adult immunization schedules in India. The present paper reviews infectious diseases such as anthrax, chikungunya, cholera, dengue, influenza, and malaria in this section of the review. We humbly request all health-care professionals and educators to educate the mass for adult immunization. So that, cost involved for treatment and workforce for the management of diseases can be better utilized in some other needed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Shirisha
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Urooj Fatima
- Skin and Laser Care Centre, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Muhamood Moothedath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Manzano D, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Martín-Loeches I, Lorente JA. Influenza A: New Therapeutic Targets for a Deadly Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 55:295-296. [PMID: 30409486 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José A Lorente
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain; Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Jester BJ, Uyeki TM, Patel A, Koonin L, Jernigan DB. 100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:1469-1472. [PMID: 30252525 PMCID: PMC6187768 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The 1918 influenza pandemic spread rapidly around the globe, leading to high mortality and social disruption. The countermeasures available to mitigate the pandemic were limited and relied on nonpharmaceutical interventions. Over the past 100 years, improvements in medical care, influenza vaccines, antiviral medications, community mitigation efforts, diagnosis, and communications have improved pandemic response. A number of gaps remain, including vaccines that are more rapidly manufactured, antiviral drugs that are more effective and available, and better respiratory protective devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Jester
- Barbara J. Jester is a Battelle contractor working for the Influenza Division at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Timothy M. Uyeki is chief medical officer for the Influenza Division at CDC. Anita Patel is the medical care and countermeasures team lead for the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Lisa Koonin is deputy director of the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Daniel B. Jernigan is director of the Influenza Division at CDC
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Barbara J. Jester is a Battelle contractor working for the Influenza Division at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Timothy M. Uyeki is chief medical officer for the Influenza Division at CDC. Anita Patel is the medical care and countermeasures team lead for the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Lisa Koonin is deputy director of the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Daniel B. Jernigan is director of the Influenza Division at CDC
| | - Anita Patel
- Barbara J. Jester is a Battelle contractor working for the Influenza Division at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Timothy M. Uyeki is chief medical officer for the Influenza Division at CDC. Anita Patel is the medical care and countermeasures team lead for the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Lisa Koonin is deputy director of the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Daniel B. Jernigan is director of the Influenza Division at CDC
| | - Lisa Koonin
- Barbara J. Jester is a Battelle contractor working for the Influenza Division at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Timothy M. Uyeki is chief medical officer for the Influenza Division at CDC. Anita Patel is the medical care and countermeasures team lead for the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Lisa Koonin is deputy director of the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Daniel B. Jernigan is director of the Influenza Division at CDC
| | - Daniel B Jernigan
- Barbara J. Jester is a Battelle contractor working for the Influenza Division at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Timothy M. Uyeki is chief medical officer for the Influenza Division at CDC. Anita Patel is the medical care and countermeasures team lead for the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Lisa Koonin is deputy director of the Influenza Coordination Unit at CDC. Daniel B. Jernigan is director of the Influenza Division at CDC
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28
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Li Z, Li L, Zhao S, Li J, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yuan B. Re-understanding anti-influenza strategy: attach equal importance to antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapies. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2248-S2259. [PMID: 30116604 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The direct replication of influenza virus is not the only cause of harm to human health; influenza infection leading to a hyper-inflammatory immune response can also result in serious conditions. So, the treatment strategy for influenza needs to keep balance between antivirus and anti-inflammation. Herein, we review the treatment strategies of anti-influenza drugs and traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 519020, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650032, China
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29
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Kim BJ, Cho SW, Jeon YJ, An S, Jo A, Lim JH, Kim DY, Won TB, Han DH, Rhee CS, Kim HJ. Intranasal delivery of Duox2 DNA using cationic polymer can prevent acute influenza A viral infection in vivo lung. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:105-115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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