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Safaei M, Mohammadi H, Beddu S, Mozaffari HR, Rezaei R, Sharifi R, Moradpoor H, Fallahnia N, Ebadi M, Md Jamil MS, Md Zain AR, Yusop MR. Surface Topography Steer Soft Tissue Response and Antibacterial Function at the Transmucosal Region of Titanium Implant. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4835-4856. [PMID: 38828200 PMCID: PMC11141758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallic dental implants have been extensively used in clinical practice due to their superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetic outcomes. However, their integration with the surrounding soft tissue at the mucosal region remains challenging and can cause implant failure due to the peri-implant immune microenvironment. The soft tissue integration of dental implants can be ameliorated through different surface modifications. This review discussed and summarized the current knowledge of topography-mediated immune response and topography-mediated antibacterial activity in Ti dental implants which enhance soft tissue integration and their clinical performance. For example, nanopillar-like topographies such as spinules, and spikes showed effective antibacterial activity in human salivary biofilm which was due to the lethal stretching of bacterial membrane between the nanopillars. The key findings of this review were (I) cross-talk between surface nanotopography and soft tissue integration in which the surface nanotopography can guide the perpendicular orientation of collagen fibers into connective tissue which leads to the stability of soft tissue, (II) nanotubular array could shift the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) and manipulate the balance of osteogenesis/osteoclasia, and (III) surface nanotopography can provide specific sites for the loading of antibacterial agents and metallic nanoparticles of clinical interest functionalizing the implant surface. Silver-containing nanotubular topography significantly decreased the formation of fibrous encapsulation in per-implant soft tissue and showed synergistic antifungal and antibacterial properties. Although the Ti implants with surface nanotopography have shown promising in targeting soft tissue healing in vitro and in vivo through their immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, however, long-term in vivo studies need to be conducted particularly in osteoporotic, and diabetic patients to ensure their desired performance with immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties. The optimization of product development is another challenging issue for its clinical translation, as the dental implant with surface nanotopography must endure implantation and operation inside the dental microenvironment. Finally, the sustainable release of metallic nanoparticles could be challenging to reduce cytotoxicity while augmenting the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Safaei
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM UNITEN, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Razieh Rezaei
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roohollah Sharifi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hedaiat Moradpoor
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nima Fallahnia
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Ebadi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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Vulović S, Todorović A, Toljić B, Nikolić-Jakoba N, Tovilović TV, Milić-Lemić A. Evaluation of early bacterial adhesion on CAD/CAM dental materials: an in situ study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00944-y. [PMID: 38705962 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine if there are differences in early bacterial adhesion among CAD/CAM dental materials after 24 h exposure in the oral environment. One hundred twenty specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations and divided into six groups: RBC (resin-based composite), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), ZP (zirconia polished), ZG (zirconia glazed), and cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr alloy). Twenty healthy participants were instructed to carry an intraoral device with six specimens, one per group, for 24 h. Thereafter, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses enabled quantification and 2D view of biofilm formed on the specimens' surfaces. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc analysis were used for inter-group comparison and data were presented as median (minimum-maximum). RBC specimens accumulated less bacteria, in comparison with ZG (p = 0.017) and PEEK specimens (p = 0.030), that dominated with the highest amount of adhered bacterial biofilm. PMMA, CoCr, and ZP specimens adhered more bacteria than RBC (p > 0.05), and less than ZG (p > 0.05) and PEEK (p > 0.05). The bacterial number varied considerably among participants. The obtained results enable a closer view into the susceptibility of CAD/CAM materials to microorganisms during the presence in the oral environment, which can be beneficial for a proper selection of these materials for a variety of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vulović
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Todorović
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boško Toljić
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nikolić-Jakoba
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Vlajić Tovilović
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Milić-Lemić
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Schwartz-Filho HO, Martins TR, Sano PR, Araújo MT, Chan DCH, Saldanha NR, Silva KDP, Graziano TS, Brandt WC, Torres CVR, Cogo-Müller K. Nanotopography and oral bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces: in vitro and in vivo studies. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e021. [PMID: 38477807 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models. Titanium disks were produced and characterized according to their surface topography: machined (Ti-M), microtopography (Ti-Micro), and nanotopography (Ti-Nano). For the in vivo study, 18 subjects wore oral acrylic splints containing 2 disks from each group for 24 h (n = 36). After this period, the disks were removed from the splints and evaluated by microbial culture method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qPCR for quantification of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as total bacteria. For the in vitro study, adhesion tests were performed with the species S. oralis and A. naeslundii for 24 h. Data were compared by ANOVA, with Tukey's post-test. Regarding the in vivo study, both the total aerobic and total anaerobic bacteria counts were similar among groups (p > 0.05). In qPCR, there was no difference among groups of bacteria adhered to the disks (p > 0.05), except for A. naeslundii, which was found in lower proportions in the Ti-Nano group (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the groups had a similar bacterial distribution, with a predominance of cocci and few bacilli. In the in vitro study, there was no difference in the adhesion profile for S. oralis and A. naeslundii after 24 h of biofilm formation (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that micro- and nanotopography do not affect bacterial adhesion, considering an initial period of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Sano
- Universidade de Santo Amaro - Unisa, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Takemoto Araújo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cheuk Hong Chan
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia de Pádua Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Antimicrobial Pharmacology and Microbiology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Signoreti Graziano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - William Cunha Brandt
- Universidade de Santo Amaro - Unisa, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Antimicrobial Pharmacology and Microbiology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Rux C, Wittmer A, Stork A, Vach K, Hellwig E, Cieplik F, Al-Ahmad A. Optimizing the use of low-frequency ultrasound for bacterial detachment of in vivo biofilms in dental research-a methodological study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:19. [PMID: 38141103 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound is commonly utilized in various dental research fields to remove biofilms from surfaces, but no clear recommendation exists in dental studies so far. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the sonication procedure for the dental field to efficiently detach bacteria while preserving viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initial biofilm was formed in vivo on bovine enamel slabs (n = 6) which were worn by four healthy participants for 4 h and 24 h. The enamel slabs covered with biofilm were then ultrasonicated ex vivo for various time periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 min). Colony-forming units were determined for quantification, and bacteria were identified using MALDI-TOF. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken to also examine the efficiency of ultrasonications for different time periods. RESULTS Ultrasonication for 1 min resulted in the highest bacterial counts, with at least 4.5-fold number compared to the non-sonicated control (p < 0.05). Most bacteria were detached within the first 2 min of sonication, but there were still bacteria detached afterwards, although significantly fewer (p < 0.0001). The highest bacterial diversity was observed after 1 and 2 min of sonication (p < 0.03). Longer sonication periods negatively affected bacterial counts of anaerobes, Gram-negative bacteria, and bacilli. Scanning electron microscopic images demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to desorb microorganisms, as well as revealing cell damage and remaining bacteria. CONCLUSIONS With the use of low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound, significantly higher bacterial counts and diversity can be reached. A shorter sonication time of 1 min shows the best results overall. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This standardization is recommended to study initial oral biofilms aged up to 24 h to maximize the outcome of experiments and lead to better comparability of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Rux
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder- Str. 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Stork
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Aoki S, Shimabukuro M, Kishida R, Kyuno K, Noda K, Yokoi T, Kawashita M. Electrochemical Deposition of Copper on Bioactive Porous Titanium Dioxide Layer: Antibacterial and Pro-Osteogenic Activities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5759-5767. [PMID: 38008914 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Ti surfaces must exhibit antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity to promote bone reconstruction and prevent infection simultaneously. In this study, we employed a two-step electrochemical treatment process, namely, microarc oxidation (MAO) and cathodic electrochemical deposition (CED), to modify Ti surfaces. During the MAO step, a porous TiO2 (pTiO2) layer with a surface roughness of approximately 2.0 μm was generated on the Ti surface, and in the CED step, Cu was deposited onto the pTiO2 layer on the Ti surface, forming Cu@pTiO2. Cu@pTiO2 exhibited a similar structure, adhesion strength, and crystal phase to pTiO2. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Cu in Cu@pTiO2 at an approximate concentration of 1.0 atom %. Cu@pTiO2 demonstrated a sustained release of Cu ions for a minimum of 28 days in a simulated in vivo environment. In vitro experiments revealed that Cu@pTiO2 effectively eradicated approximately 99% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and inhibited biofilm formation, in contrast to the Ti and pTiO2 surfaces. Moreover, Cu@pTiO2 supported the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells at a rate comparable to that observed on the Ti and pTiO2 surfaces. Similar to pTiO2, Cu@pTiO2 promoted the calcification of osteoblast-like cells compared with Ti. In summary, we successfully conferred antibacterial and pro-osteogenic activities to Ti surfaces without inducing cytotoxic effects or structural and mechanical alterations in pTiO2 through the application of MAO and CED processes. Moreover, we found that the pTiO2 layer promoted bacterial growth and biofilm formation more effectively than the Ti surface, highlighting the potential drawbacks of rough and porous surfaces. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the surface design of Ti-based medical devices for bone reconstruction and infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Aoki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimabukuro
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Ryo Kishida
- Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kyuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
- International Research Center for Green Electronics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Noda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Taishi Yokoi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Borges GA, Costa RC, Nagay BE, Sacramento CM, Ruiz KGS, Solano de Almeida L, Rossino LS, Fortulan CA, Rangel EC, Barão VAR, Mesquita MF. Targeting Biomechanical Endurance of Dental-Implant Abutments Using a Diamond-Like Carbon Coating. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5630-5643. [PMID: 38052058 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Abutment components (i.e., fixtures associated with oral implants) are essentially made of titanium (Ti), which is continuously exposed to the hash oral environment, resulting in scratching. Thus, such components need to be protected, and surface treatments are viable methods for overcoming long-term damage. Diamond-like carbon (DLC), an excellent protective material, is an alternative surface-treatment material for Ti abutments. Here, we demonstrate that a silicon interlayer for DLC film growth and the pulsed-direct current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) method enables the deposition of an enhanced protective DLC film. As a result, the DLC film demonstrated a smooth topography with a compact surface. Furthermore, the DLC film enhanced the mechanical (load-displacement, hardness, and elastic modulus) and tribological properties of Ti as well as increased its corrosion resistance (16-fold), which surpassed that of a bare Ti substrate. The biofilm formed (Streptococcus sanguinis) after 24 h exhibited an equal bacterial load (∼7 Log colony-forming units) for both the groups (Ti and DLC). In addition, the DLC film exhibited good cytocompatibility, owing to its noncytotoxicity toward human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, DLC deposition via DC-PECVD can be considered to be a promising protective and cytocompatible alternative for developing implant abutments with enhanced mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Almeida Borges
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Egumi Nagay
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Catharina Marques Sacramento
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Larissa Solano de Almeida
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - Campus Sorocaba, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sgarbi Rossino
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) - Campus Sorocaba, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
- State Center of Technological Education "Paula Souza" (CEETEPS), Sorocaba Technology College - Campus Sorocaba (Fatec Sorocaba), Avenida Engenheiro Carlos Reinaldo Mendes, 2015, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18013-280, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- University of São Paulo (USP), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Elidiane Cipriano Rangel
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Avenida Três de Março, 51, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
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Jinno Y, Stocchero M, Toia M, Papia E, Ahmad M, Becktor JP. Impact of salivary contamination during implant placement with different surface characteristics in native and augmented bone: An in vivo study in sheep calvaria model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:254-262. [PMID: 36695016 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether salivary contamination during placement of implants with different surface characteristics affects osseointegration in native and in augmented bone areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eight implants with machined surface (MS) and 48 implants with moderately rough surface (RS) were tested in the calvaria of 12 sheep. At the first surgery, 64 bony critical defects were randomly created and were subsequently augmented with two materials (autogenous or bovine bone). After 5 weeks of graft healing, 8 implants were placed per sheep, in native bone and in the centre of the augmented defects. Forty eight implants were soaked with saliva before placement (contaminated group [CG]), while 48 implants were not (non-contaminated group [NCG]). Five weeks after implant placement, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone material area fraction occupancy (BMAFO) were calculated histomorphometrically. RESULTS Saliva contamination showed a significant negative effect (p = .000) on BIC, especially in augmented areas. RS showed significant positive effect on BIC, compared to MS (p = .000), while there were no significant differences for different bone conditions (p = .103). For BMAFO, the contamination showed a significantly negative affect (p = .000), while there were no significant differences for surface characteristics (p = .322) and for bone condition (p = .538). CONCLUSION Saliva contamination during dental implant placement has a negative effect on osseointegration in augmented areas. Moderately rough surface has a possible advantage in the aspect of initial bone to implant contact. However, it seems to be advisable to avoid saliva contamination especially for implants placed in augmented bone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Jinno
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michele Stocchero
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marco Toia
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marianne Ahmad
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Peter Becktor
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kohal RJ, Burkhardt F, Chevalier J, Patzelt SBM, Butz F. One-Piece Zirconia Oral Implants for Single Tooth Replacement: Five-Year Results from a Prospective Cohort Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020116. [PMID: 36826915 PMCID: PMC9964460 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intention of this 5-year prospective cohort investigation was to clinically and radiographically investigate the outcomes of a one-piece zirconia implant system for single tooth replacement. Sixty-five patients received a total of 66 single-tooth implants. All implants immediately received temporary restorations and were finally restored with all-ceramic crowns. Follow-ups were performed at the prosthetic delivery, after 1, 3, and 5 years. Peri-implant and dental soft-tissue parameters were evaluated and patient-reported outcomes recorded. To monitor peri-implant bone remodelling, standardised radiographs were taken at the implant insertion and at the 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups. In the course of 5 years, 14 implants were lost, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 78.2%. The mean marginal bone loss from the implant insertion to the 5-year follow-up amounted to 1.12 mm. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding, and plaque index increased over time. In 91.5% of the implants, the papilla index showed levels of 1 or 2, respectively. At the end of the study, the patient satisfaction was higher compared to the pre-treatment measurements. Due to the low survival rate after five years and the noticeably high frequency of advanced bone loss observed in this study, the implant has not met the launch criteria, as it would have not been recommended for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf-Joachim Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Burkhardt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jerome Chevalier
- INSA-Lyon, MATEIS Laboratory, University of Lyon, UMR CNRS 5510, 20 Avenue Albert Einstein, CEDEX, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sebastian Berthold Maximilian Patzelt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Private Dental Clinic, Am Dorfplatz 3, 78658 Zimmern ob Rottweil, Germany
| | - Frank Butz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Private Dental Clinic, Belchenstrasse 6a, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Kohal RJ, Vach K, Butz F, Spies BC, Patzelt SBM, Burkhardt F. One-Piece Zirconia Oral Implants for the Support of Three-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses: Three-Year Results from a Prospective Case Series. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010045. [PMID: 36662092 PMCID: PMC9864364 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the clinical and radiological outcome of one-piece zirconia oral implants to support three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) after three years in function. Twenty-seven patients were treated with a total of 54 implants in a one-stage surgery and immediate provisionalization. Standardized radiographs were taken at implant placement, after one year and after three years, to evaluate peri-implant bone loss. Soft-tissue parameters were also assessed. Linear mixed regression models as well as Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for analyzing differences between groups and time points (p < 0.05). At the three-year evaluation, one implant was lost, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 98.1%. The mean marginal bone loss amounted to 2.16 mm. An implant success grade I of 52% (bone loss of ≤2 mm) and success grade II of 61% (bone loss of ≤3 mm) were achieved. None of the evaluated baseline parameters affected bone loss. The survival rate of the zirconia implants was comparable to market-available titanium implants. However, an increased marginal bone loss was observed with a high peri-implantitis incidence and a resulting low implant success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf-Joachim Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Zinkmattenstr. 6a, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Butz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Private Dental Clinic, Belchenstr. 6a, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Christopher Spies
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Berthold Maximilian Patzelt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Private Dental Clinic, Am Dorfplatz 3, 78658 Zimmern ob Rottweil, Germany
| | - Felix Burkhardt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Schönbächler N, Thurnheer T, Paqué PN, Attin T, Karygianni L. In vitro versus in situ biofilms for evaluating the antimicrobial effectiveness of herbal mouthrinses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1130255. [PMID: 36798085 PMCID: PMC9927218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1130255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, diverse mouthrinses have been applied for medicinal purposes in the oral cavity. In view of the growing resistance of oral microorganisms against conventional antimicrobial agents e.g. chlorhexidine, the implementation of alternative treatments inspired by nature has lately gained increasing interest. The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro biofilm models with in situ biofilms in order to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different natural mouthrinses. For the in vitro study a six-species supragingival biofilm model containing A. oris, V. dispar, C. albicans, F. nucleatum, S. mutans and S. oralis was used. Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite discs and treated with natural mouthrinses Ratanhia, Trybol and Tebodont. 0.9% NaCl and 10% ethanol served as negative controls, while 0.2% CHX served as positive control. After 64h hours, biofilms were harvested and quantified by cultural analysis CFU. For the in situ study, individual test splints were manufactured for the participants. After 2h and 72h the biofilm-covered samples were removed and treated with the mouthrinses and controls mentioned above. The biofilms were quantified by CFU and stained for vitality under the confocal laser scanning microscope. In the in vitro study, 0.2% CHX yielded the highest antimicrobial effect. Among all mouthrinses, Tebodont (4.708 ± 1.294 log10 CFU, median 5.279, p<0.0001) compared with 0.9% NaCl showed the highest antimicrobial potential. After 72h there was no significant reduction in CFU after 0.2% CHX treatment. Only Trybol showed a statistically significant reduction of aerobic growth of microorganisms in situ (5.331 ± 0.7350 log10 CFU, median 5.579, p<0.0209). After treatment with the positive control 0.2% CHX, a significant percentage of non-vital bacteria (42.006 ± 12.173 log10 CFU, median 42.150) was detected. To sum up, a less pronounced effect of all mouthrinses was shown for the in situ biofilms compared to the in vitro biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schönbächler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pune Nina Paqué
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Lamprini Karygianni,
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11
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Gianfreda F, Bollero P, Muzzi M, Di Giulio A, Nicolai E, Canullo L. The Effects of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Abrasive Powders on the Decontamination of 9 Implant-Abutment Surfaces: Scanning Electron Analysis and In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10030036. [PMID: 35323237 PMCID: PMC8947291 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study is to understand from a microscopic point of view whether bicarbonate air-abrasive powders associated with ultrasonic instruments can decontaminate nine different surfaces used for the abutment/implant junction. Fibroblast growth was carried out on decontaminated surface in order to understand if there are significative differences in terms of biocompatibility. (2) Methods: After taking samples of patient plaque, nine different surfaces were contaminated and analyzed by SEM, then their wettability was evaluated. Fibroblasts were cultured on the decontaminated surfaces to understand their ability to establish a connective tissue seal after decontamination. The results were analyzed from a statistical point of view to hypothesize a mathematical model capable of explaining the properties of the surfaces. (3) Results: A negative correlation between roughness and contamination has been demonstrated, whereas a weak correlation was observed between wettability and decontamination capacity. All surfaces were topographically damaged after the decontamination treatment. Grade 5 titanium surfaces appear tougher, whereas anodized surfaces tend to lose the anodizing layer. (4) Conclusions: further studies will be needed to fully understand how these decontaminated surfaces affect the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gianfreda
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Andrea Di Giulio
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Canullo
- Independent Researcher, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Günther M, Karygianni L, Argyropoulou A, Anderson AC, Hellwig E, Skaltsounis AL, Wittmer A, Vach K, Al-Ahmad A. The antimicrobial effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts on oral initial adhesion ex vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4369-4380. [PMID: 35138461 PMCID: PMC9203371 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective In the last few decades, there has been a growing worldwide interest in the use of plant extracts for the prevention of oral diseases. The main focus of this interest lies in the identification and isolation of substances that limit the formation of microbial biofilm which plays a major role in the development of caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. In this clinical ex vivo study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extract against oral microorganisms within in situ initial oral biofilms. Materials and methods Initial in situ biofilm samples (2 h) from six healthy volunteers were treated ex vivo with R. officinalis extract at concentrations of 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml. The number of viable bacterial cells was determined by counting the colony-forming units. All surviving bacteria were isolated in pure cultures and identified using MALDI-TOF and biochemical testing procedures. Additionally, live/dead staining in combination with epifluorescence microscopy was used for visualizing the antimicrobial effects in the initial biofilms. Results The number of colony-forming units in the R. officinalis–treated biofilms was significantly lower than in the untreated controls (p < 0.001). The reduction range of log10 was 1.64–2.78 and 2.41–3.23 for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, respectively. Regarding the bacterial composition, large intra- and interindividual variability were observed. Except for Campylobacter spp., the average amount of all bacterial taxa was lower after treatment with R. officinalis than in the untreated biofilms. A total of 49 different species were detected in the untreated biofilms, while only 11 bacterial species were detected in the R. officinalis–treated biofilms. Live/dead staining confirmed that the R. officinalis–treated biofilms had significantly lower numbers of surviving bacteria than the untreated biofilms. Conclusions The treatment with R. officinalis extract has a significant potential to eliminate microbial oral initial biofilms. Clinical relevance The results of this study encourage the use of R. officinalis extracts in biofilm control and thus in the treatment of caries and periodontitis as a herbal adjuvant to synthetic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Günther
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annette Carola Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Evaluation of 12-hour in situ bacterial colonization on smooth restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2022; 119:104071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Helbig R, Hannig M, Basche S, Ortgies J, Killge S, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T. Bioadhesion on Textured Interfaces in the Human Oral Cavity-An In Situ Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031157. [PMID: 35163081 PMCID: PMC8835155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive biofilm formation on materials used in restorative dentistry is a common reason for their failure and the development of oral diseases like peri-implantitis or secondary caries. Therefore, novel materials and strategies that result in reduced biofouling capacities are urgently sought. Previous research suggests that surface structures in the range of bacterial cell sizes seem to be a promising approach to modulate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Here we investigated bioadhesion within the oral cavity on a low surface energy material (perfluorpolyether) with different texture types (line-, hole-, pillar-like), feature sizes in a range from 0.7–4.5 µm and graded distances (0.7–130.5 µm). As a model system, the materials were fixed on splints and exposed to the oral cavity. We analyzed the enzymatic activity of amylase and lysozyme, pellicle formation, and bacterial colonization after 8 h intraoral exposure. In opposite to in vitro experiments, these in situ experiments revealed no clear signs of altered bacterial surface colonization regarding structure dimensions and texture types compared to unstructured substrates or natural enamel. In part, there seemed to be a decreasing trend of adherent cells with increasing periodicities and structure sizes, but this pattern was weak and irregular. Pellicle formation took place on all substrates in an unaltered manner. However, pellicle formation was most pronounced within recessed areas thereby partially masking the three-dimensional character of the surfaces. As the natural pellicle layer is obviously the most dominant prerequisite for bacterial adhesion, colonization in the oral environment cannot be easily controlled by structural means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Helbig
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Janis Ortgies
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Sebastian Killge
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01609 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-2250
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15
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Fitting pieces into the puzzle: The impact of titanium-based dental implant surface modifications on bacterial accumulation and polymicrobial infections. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102551. [PMID: 34757285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymicrobial infection is the main cause of dental implant failure. Although numerous studies have reported the ability of titanium (Ti) surface modifications to inhibit microbial adhesion and biofilm accumulation, the majority of solutions for the utilization of Ti antibacterial surfaces have been testedin in vitro and animal models, with only a few developed surfaces progressing into clinical research. Motivated by this huge gap, we critically reviewed the scientific literature on the existing antibacterial Ti surfaces to help understand these surfaces' impact on the "puzzle" of undesirable dental implant-related infections. This manuscript comprises three main sections: (i) a narrative review on topics related to oral biofilm formation, bacterial-implant surface interactions, and on how implant-surface modifications can influence microbial accumulation; (ii) a critical evidence-based review to summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies in an attempt to "fit pieces into the puzzle" to unveil the best way to reduce microbial loads and control polymicrobial infection around dental implants showed by the current in vivo evidence; and (iii) discussion and recommendations for future research testing emerging antibacterial implant surfaces, connecting basic science and the requirements for future clinical translation. The findings of the present review suggest no consensus regarding the best available Ti surface to reduce bacterial colonization on dental implants. Smart release or on-demand activation surface coatings are a "new piece of the puzzle", which may be the most effective alternative for reducing microbial colonization on Ti surfaces, and future studies should focus on these technologies.
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16
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Antimicrobial Effects of Inula viscosa Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114029. [PMID: 34836285 PMCID: PMC8622444 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the undesirable side effects of commercially used mouth rinses that include chemically synthesized antimicrobial compounds such as chlorhexidine, it is essential to discover novel antimicrobial substances based on plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of Inula viscosa extract on the initial microbial adhesion in the oral cavity. Individual test splints were manufactured for the participants, on which disinfected bovine enamel samples were attached. After the initial microbial adhesion, the biofilm-covered oral samples were removed and treated with different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/mL) of an I. viscosa extract for 10 min. Positive and negative controls were also sampled. Regarding the microbiological parameters, the colony-forming units (CFU) and vitality testing (live/dead staining) were examined in combination with fluorescence microscopy. An I. viscosa extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL killed the bacteria of the initial adhesion at a rate of 99.99% (log10 CFU value of 1.837 ± 1.54). Compared to the negative control, no killing effects were determined after treatment with I. viscosa extract at concentrations of 10 mg/mL (log10 CFU value 3.776 ± 0.831; median 3.776) and 20 mg/mL (log10 CFU value 3.725 ± 0.300; median 3.711). The live/dead staining revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) of vital adherent bacteria after treatment with 10 mg/mL of I. viscosa extract. After treatment with an I. viscosa extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL, no vital bacteria could be detected. For the first time, significant antimicrobial effects on the initial microbial adhesion in in situ oral biofilms were reported for an I. viscosa extract.
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17
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Contact Guidance Effect and Prevention of Microfouling on a Beta Titanium Alloy Surface Structured by Electron-Beam Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061474. [PMID: 34199432 PMCID: PMC8227382 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micro-structuring of implantable materials constitute a promising approach to introduce mechanical contact guidance effect, drive cells colonization, as well as to prevent bacteria adhesion and biofilm aggregation, through antifouling topography. Accordingly, this paper aims to extend the application of e-beam surface texturing and nano-structuring to the beta titanium alloys, which are of great interest for biomedical implants because of the low Young modulus and the reduction of the stress shielding effect. The paper shows that surface texturing on the micro-scale (micro-grooves) is functional to a contact guidance effect on gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, nano-structuring, derived from the e-beam surface treatment, is effective to prevent microfouling. In fact, human fibroblasts were cultivated directly onto grooved specimens showing to sense the surface micro-structure thus spreading following the grooves’ orientation. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus colonies adhesion was prevented by the nano-topographies in comparison to the mirror-polished control, thus demonstrating promising antifouling properties. Furthermore, the research goes into detail to understand the mechanism of microfouling prevention due to nano-topography and microstructure.
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18
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Understanding and optimizing the antibacterial functions of anodized nano-engineered titanium implants. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:80-101. [PMID: 33744499 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale surface modification of titanium-based orthopaedic and dental implants is routinely applied to augment bioactivity, however, as is the case with other cells, bacterial adhesion is increased on nano-rough surfaces. Electrochemically anodized Ti implants with titania nanotubes (TNTs) have been proposed as an ideal implant surface with desirable bioactivity and local drug release functions to target various conditions. However, a comprehensive state of the art overview of why and how such TNTs-Ti implants acquire antibacterial functions, and an in-depth knowledge of how topography, chemistry and local elution of potent antibiotic agents influence such functions has not been reported. This review discusses and details the application of nano-engineered Ti implants modified with TNTs for maximum local antibacterial functions, deciphering the interdependence of various characteristics and the fine-tuning of different parameters to minimize cytotoxicity. An ideal implant surface should cater simultaneously to ossoeintegration (and soft-tissue integration for dental implants), immunomodulation and antibacterial functions. We also evaluate the effectiveness and challenges associated with such synergistic functions from modified TNTs-implants. Particular focus is placed on the metallic and semi-metallic modification of TNTs towards enabling bactericidal properties, which is often dose dependent. Additionally, there are concerns over the cytotoxicity of these therapies. In that light, research challenges in this domain and expectations from the next generation of customizable antibacterial TNTs implants towards clinical translation are critically evaluated. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: One of the major causes of titanium orthopaedic/dental implant failure is bacterial colonization and infection, which results in complete implant failure and the need for revision surgery and re-implantation. Using advanced nanotechnology, controlled nanotopographies have been fabricated on Ti implants, for instance anodized nanotubes, which can accommodate and locally elute potent antibiotic agents. In this pioneering review, we shine light on the topographical, chemical and therapeutic aspects of antibacterial nanotubes towards achieving desirable tailored antibacterial efficacy without cytotoxicity concerns. This interdisciplinary review will appeal to researchers from the wider scientific community interested in biomaterials science, structure and function, and will provide an improved understanding of controlling bacterial infection around nano-engineered implants, aimed at bridging the gap between research and clinics.
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Losic D. Advancing of titanium medical implants by surface engineering: recent progress and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1355-1378. [PMID: 33985402 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1928071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Titanium (Ti) and their alloys are used as main implant materials in orthopedics and dentistry for decades having superior mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Their rejections due lack of biointegration and bacterial infection are concerning with considerable healthcare costs and impacts on patients. To address these limitations, conventional Ti implants need improvements where the use of surface nanoengineering approaches and the development of a new generation of implants are recognized as promising strategies.Areas covered:This review presents an overview of recent progress on the application of surface engineering methods to advance Ti implants enable to address their key limitations. Several promising surface engineering strategies are presented and critically discussed to generate advanced surface properties and nano-topographies (tubular, porous, pillars) able not only to improve their biointegration, antibacterial performances, but also to provide multiple functions such as drug delivery, therapy, sensing, communication and health monitoring underpinning the development of new generation and smart medical implants.Expert opinion:Recent advances in cell biology, materials science, nanotechnology and additive manufacturing has progressively influencing improvements of conventional Ti implants toward the development of the next generation of implants with improved performances and multifunctionality. Current research and development are in early stage, but progressing with promising results and examples of moving into in-vivo studies an translation into real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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20
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Kniha K, Heussen N, Modabber A, Hölzle F, Möhlhenrich SC. The effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and on host-derived immunological parameters. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50:1361-1374. [PMID: 33618967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of zirconia and titanium surfaces on biofilm formation and host-derived parameters. Studies comparing zirconia and titanium surfaces were selected up to September 1, 2019. The outcome measures were surface roughness, contact angle, bacterial count, bacterial adherence, biofilm thickness, bacterial distribution, and specifically investigated biofilm and specific host-derived immunological parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses of in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. A total of 39 studies were included for data extraction. In the systematic review data, 10 studies stated that zirconia accumulated less initial oral biofilm parameters, 16 investigations showed negligible inter-material differences, and only one study showed that zirconia attracted the most biofilm. However, in the meta-analysis, the bacterial coverage was found to be significantly superior for zirconia surfaces (P< 0.00001); the other outcome measures did not show any statistically significant differences between zirconia and titanium for the remaining parameters and the studies presented a substantial degree of heterogeneity. Overall, on the basis of the meta-analysis, the current data situation does not allow a clear preference for the use of zirconia or titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Private Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich, Germany.
| | - N Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - S C Möhlhenrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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21
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Balderrama ÍDF, Cardoso MV, Stuani VT, Oliveira RC, Matos AA, Greghi SLA, Sant'Ana ACP. Residual decontamination chemical agents negatively affect adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells on implant surface. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:84. [PMID: 33330954 PMCID: PMC7744281 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the influence of implant surface decontaminated and uncontaminated on osteoblast-like cell adhesion and proliferation Materials and methods Commercially available implants of different brands and surface characteristics were selected: Biomet 3i® Nanotite (NT) and Osseotite (OT), Straumann® SLActive (SLA), and Neodent® Acqua Drive (ACQ) and Neoporos Drive CM (CM). Physical and chemical properties of the implants were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and wettability analysis (WETT). Implants were previously contaminated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains; after that, samples were decontaminated by different chemical methods. Decontaminated (test group; n = 15/type of implant) and uncontaminated (control group; n = 5/type of implant) samples were analyzed according to the number of human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) adhered on the implant surface after 24 h and 72 h in SEM images. Results ACQ was found to be highly hydrophilic, and NT was the most hydrophobic implant. Increased variation of Saos-2 cell adhesion and proliferation were observed on all test and control groups. Controversially, at the proliferation analysis in 72 h, CM implant was the only implant that showed no significant difference between test and group (p = 0.2833; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). NT implants showed the greater value of cell proliferation when compared with all types of implant surface (p = 0.0002; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Conclusions These findings suggest that decontaminated surfaces were able to impair the counting of osteoblast-like cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis de Fátima Balderrama
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Völz Cardoso
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Toledo Stuani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Balderrama ÍDF, Stuani VDT, Cardoso MV, Oliveira RC, Lopes MMR, Greghi SLA, Adriana Campos Passanezi S. The influence of implant surface roughness on decontamination by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and chemical agents: A preliminary study in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102105. [PMID: 33217567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze the effectiveness of three different protocols of decontamination on five commercial moderate rough implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The types of implants investigated were: Neoporos Drive CM (CM; Neodent®), Drive CM Acqua (ACQ; Neodent®), SLActive (SLA; Straumann®), Osseotite (OT; Biomet 3i®) and Nanotite (NT; Biomet 3i®). Implant surface properties (n = 2/type of implant; control groups) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images to determine surface roughness parameters (SRP) and energy disperse X-ray spectrometry to determine the chemical composition. Implants were then inoculated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans in vitro (n = 6/type of implant;experimental groups) and the contaminated areas were determined in SEM images (500x magnifications). Decontamination of implants was performed in duplicate by three protocols: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), EDTA associated with citric acid (EDTA + CA) and 0.12 % chlorhexidine (CHX). The remaining contaminated area (rCtA) was determined in SEM images (500x magnifications). All quantitative analysis through SEM images were analyzed in ImageJ® software for two-dimensional parameters. RESULTS No significant differences were found in SRP among implants (control group), except for Rv (lowest valley) between SLA vs. OT (p=0.0031; Kruskal Wallis post hoc Dunn). NT implants showed highest contaminated area vs. ACQ implants (68.19 % ± 8.63 % and 57.32 % ± 5.38 %, respectively; p = 0.0016, Tukey's test). SRP after decontamination showed statistical difference for Ra (arithmetical mean deviation) for all decontamination groups when compared to control (p < 0.05; ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons test), only CM implants showed statistical difference when compared decontamination protocols to control with highest modification of SRP for EDTA + AC group. For decontamination analysis, for applicability of different protocols in the same type of implant, only SLA showed statistical significant difference for aPDT vs. EDTA + CA (p = 0.0114; ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons test) with lowest rCTA for aPDT, however for ACQ implants the aPDT showed lowest rCTA with no statistical difference (p > 0.05; ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons test). No statistical difference was observed between the decontamination protocols at other implant types. CONCLUSION It can be suggested that the chemical-physical characteristics of dental implants can be effected by the process of contamination and decontamination by aPDT and chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis de Fátima Balderrama
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vitor de Toledo Stuani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Völz Cardoso
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Kunrath MF, Monteiro MS, Gupta S, Hubler R, de Oliveira SD. Influence of titanium and zirconia modified surfaces for rapid healing on adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Microbial Composition of Oral Biofilms after Visible Light and Water-Filtered Infrared a Radiation (VIS+wIRA) in Combination with Indocyanine Green (ICG) as Photosensitizer. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090532. [PMID: 32842511 PMCID: PMC7558517 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of increasing antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative treatment method used to eradicate the microbial community of oral biofilms that can be responsible for different oral infections. In order to investigate changes in the microbial composition after application of aPDT with visible light and water-filtered infrared A (VIS+wIRA) in combination with indocyanine green (ICG), oral microorganisms of the initial and mature biofilm were evaluated by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). To determine surviving microorganisms using MALDI-TOF-MS, an in situ biofilm was irradiated with VIS+wIRA for five minutes in the presence of ICG (300 and 450 µg/mL, respectively). Treatment with chlorhexidine (0.2%) served as positive control. Identified microorganisms of the initial biofilm treated with ICG showed a clear reduction in diversity. The microbial composition of the mature oral biofilm also showed changes after the implementation of aPDT, which mainly resulted in a shift in the percentage of bacterial species. The resulting destruction of the microbial balance within the oral biofilm by aPDT using VIS+wIRA and ICG can be seen as an advantageous supplementary approach in the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Abstract
Osseointegrated dental implants are a revolutionary tool in the armament of reconstructive dentistry, employed to replace missing teeth and restore masticatory, occlusal, and esthetic functions. Like natural teeth, the orally exposed part of dental implants offers a pristine nonshedding surface for salivary pellicle-mediated microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. In early colonization stages, these bacterial communities closely resemble those of healthy periodontal sites, with lower diversity. Because the peri-implant tissues are more susceptible to endogenous oral infections, understanding of the ecological triggers that underpin the microbial pathogenesis of peri-implantitis is central to developing improved prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, notably applied to 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, has enabled the comprehensive taxonomic characterization of peri-implant bacterial communities in health and disease, revealing a differentially abundant microbiota between these 2 states, or with periodontitis. With that, the peri-implant niche is highlighted as a distinct ecosystem that shapes its individual resident microbial community. Shifts from health to disease include an increase in diversity and a gradual depletion of commensals, along with an enrichment of classical and emerging periodontal pathogens. Metatranscriptomic profiling revealed similarities in the virulence characteristics of microbial communities from peri-implantitis and periodontitis, nonetheless with some distinctive pathways and interbacterial networks. Deeper functional assessment of the physiology and virulence of the well-characterized microbial communities of the peri-implant niche will elucidate further the etiopathogenic mechanisms and drivers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - D Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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Desch A, Freifrau von Maltzahn N, Stumpp N, Dalton M, Yang I, Stiesch M. Biofilm formation on zirconia and titanium over time-An in vivo model study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:865-880. [PMID: 32583509 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate volume, vitality and diversity of biofilms on the abutment materials zirconia and titanium as a function of time using an in vivo model for the biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The development of biofilms on zirconia and titanium grade 4 test specimens in the human oral cavity over time was analysed. After pretreatment, a total of 96 titanium and 96 zirconia discs were fixed on 12 composite splints, which were worn by 12 volunteers. After 6 hr, 24 hr, 3 days and 5 days, biofilms on 48 specimens of each material were analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The microbiota composition on the other 48 test specimens was examined using full-length 16S sequence analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and R, and level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of the biofilms revealed significant changes in volume over time on zirconia and titanium. The material did not significantly influence the volume or live/dead ratio at the individual time points. The composition of the microbiome was influenced by the age of the biofilm, but not by the material of the test specimen. The most frequently found bacteria were Streptococcus spp., followed by Neisseria spp., Rothia spp., Haemophilus spp., Gemella spp. and Abiotrophia spp. CONCLUSIONS On both materials, the quantity and diversity of the microbiome increased over time. Apart from a slight difference in Veillonella abundance at one time point, there were no significant differences between zirconia and titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Desch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nico Stumpp
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marly Dalton
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Yang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Hashimoto A, Miyamoto H, Kobatake T, Nakashima T, Shobuike T, Ueno M, Murakami T, Noda I, Sonohata M, Mawatari M. The combination of silver-containing hydroxyapatite coating and vancomycin has a synergistic antibacterial effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:211-218. [PMID: 32566142 PMCID: PMC7284291 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.95.bjr-2019-0326.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Biofilm formation is intrinsic to prosthetic joint infection (PJI). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) coating and vancomycin (VCM) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation. Methods Pure titanium discs (Ti discs), Ti discs coated with HA (HA discs), and 3% Ag-HA discs developed using a thermal spraying were inoculated with MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vitro 4.3 (SD 0.8) x 106 or 43.0 (SD 8.4) x 105 colony-forming units (CFUs). Immediately after MRSA inoculation, sterile phosphate-buffered saline or VCM (20 µg/ml) was added, and the discs were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Viable cell counting, 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy with Airyscan, and scanning electron microscopy were then performed. HA discs and Ag HA discs were implanted subcutaneously in vivo in the dorsum of rats, and MRSA suspensions containing a mean in vivo 7.2 (SD 0.4) x 106 or 72.0 (SD 4.2) x 105 CFUs were inoculated on the discs. VCM was injected subcutaneously daily every 12 hours followed by viable cell counting. Results Biofilms that formed on HA discs were thicker and larger than those on Ti discs, whereas those on Ag-HA discs were thinner and smaller than those on Ti discs. Viable bacterial counts in vivo revealed that Ag-HA combined with VCM was the most effective treatment. Conclusion Ag-HA with VCM has a potential synergistic effect in reducing MRSA biofilm formation and can thus be useful for preventing and treating PJI. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):211–218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobatake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takema Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takeo Shobuike
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Research Section, Medical Division, KYO CERA Corporation, Yasu, Japan
| | - Iwao Noda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Research Section, Medical Division, KYO CERA Corporation, Yasu, Japan
| | - Motoki Sonohata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Souza JGS, Bertolini M, Costa RC, Lima CV, Barão VAR. Proteomic profile of the saliva and plasma protein layer adsorbed on Ti-Zr alloy: the effect of sandblasted and acid-etched surface treatment. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:428-441. [PMID: 32456471 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1769613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy has been widely used as a biomaterial for implant devices, and it is commonly treated by sandblasting followed by acid etching (SLA) to improve biological responses. Although protein adsorption is the first biological response, the effect of this SLA treatment on the proteomic profile of proteins adsorbed from saliva and blood plasma has not been tested. In this study, the proteomic profile was evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Streptococcus sanguinis was used to test whether the protein layer affects bacterial adhesion. SLA treatment affected the proteomic profile, showing exclusive proteins adsorbed from saliva (14) and plasma (3). However, both groups exhibited close patterns of intensity for common proteins, molecular functions and biological processes mediated by proteins. Interestingly, Ti-ZrSLA showed higher bacterial adhesion (∼1.9 fold over) for the surface coated with plasma proteins. Therefore, SLA treatment of Ti-Zr alloy changed the proteomic profile, which may affect bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel Silva Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mukai Y, Torii M, Urushibara Y, Kawai T, Takahashi Y, Maeda N, Ohkubo C, Ohshima T. Analysis of plaque microbiota and salivary proteins adhering to dental materials. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:182-188. [PMID: 32151606 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plaque causes oral diseases and aspiration-pneumonia in the elderly. It is not known whether pellicle-like attached salivary proteins and microbiota on dental materials are identical to those on teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the properties of salivary proteins and microbiota that attach to dental materials. METHODS Eight subjects wore removable oral splints with pieces of pure-titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy, silver-palladium-copper-gold-alloy, denture-base-resin, and hydroxyapatite for 24 h. The bacteria that adhered to each material were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing simultaneously. Each material sample was then immersed in pooled saliva, and the attached proteins were collected. Salivary proteins were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/MS, and high molecular weight proteins were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Among the dental materials, the α- and β-diversity of adherent flora were similar. The bacterial species that adhered easily to materials were Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Neisseria mucosa, Gemella haemolysans, and Rothia dentocariosa. Regardless of material, the peaks or spots of attached salivary proteins had similar patterns, containing functioning proteins such as anchoring receptors for early colonizers. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in microbiota and protein adherence in hydroxyapatite compared to the dental materials. Therefore, similar microbiota was determined to have formed on the similar pellicle-like proteins. In our study, the characteristics of plaque adhesion on both hydroxyapatite and dental materials were clarified. Based on this study, the creation of new methods of inhibiting plaque adhesion to prevent aspiration-pneumonia and oral infections can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mukai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Mana Torii
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yu Urushibara
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kawai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Takahashi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Chikahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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Dini C, Nagay BE, Cordeiro JM, da Cruz NC, Rangel EC, Ricomini-Filho AP, de Avila ED, Barão VAR. UV-photofunctionalization of a biomimetic coating for dental implants application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110657. [PMID: 32204085 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photofunctionalization mediated by ultraviolet (UV) rays changes the physico-chemical characteristics of titanium (Ti) and improves the biological activity of dental implants. However, the role of UV-mediated photofunctionalization of biofunctional Ti surfaces on the antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity remains unknown and was investigated in this study. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) discs were divided into four groups: (1) machined samples without UV light application [cpTi UV-]; (2) plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treated samples without UV light application [PEO UV-]; (3) machined samples with UV light application [cpTi UV+]; and (4) PEO-treated samples with UV light application [PEO UV+]. The surfaces were characterized according to their morphology, roughness, crystalline phase, chemical composition and wettability. The photocatalytic activity and proteins adsorption were measured. For the microbiological assay, Streptococcus sanguinis was grown on the disc surfaces for 1 h and 6 h, and the colony forming units and bacterial organization were evaluated. In addition, to confirm the non-cytotoxic effect of PEO UV +, human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were cultured in a monolayer onto each material surface and the cells viability and proliferation evaluated by a fluorescent cell staining method. PEO treatment increased the Ti surface roughness and wettability (p < 0.05). Photofunctionalization reduced the hydrocarbon concentration and enhanced human blood plasma proteins and albumin adsorption mainly for the PEO-treated surface (p < 0.05). PEO UV+ also maintained higher wettability values for a longer period and provided microbial reduction at 1 h of bacterial adhesion (p = 0.012 vs. PEO UV-). Photofunctionalization did not increase the photocatalytic activity of Ti (p > 0.05). Confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that PEO UV+ had no cell damage effect on HGF cells growth even after 24 h of incubation. The photofunctionalization of a biofunctional PEO coating seems to be a promising alternative for dental implants as it increases blood plasma proteins adsorption, reduces initial bacterial adhesion and presents no cytotoxicity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Nilson C da Cruz
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Antônio P Ricomini-Filho
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
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Electron Beam Structuring of Ti6Al4V: New Insights on the Metal Surface Properties Influencing the Bacterial Adhesion. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020409. [PMID: 31952307 PMCID: PMC7013952 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue adhesion and infection prevention are currently challenging for dental transmucosal or percutaneous orthopedic implants. It has previously been shown that aligned micro-grooves obtained by Electron Beam (EB) can drive fibroblast alignment for improved soft tissue adhesion. In this work, evidence is presented that the same technique can also be effective for a reduction of the infection risk. Grooves 10-30 µm wide and around 0.2 µm deep were obtained on Ti6Al4V by EB. EB treatment changes the crystalline structure and microstructure in a surface layer that is thicker than the groove depth. Unexpectedly, a significant bacterial reduction was observed. The surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, confocal microscopy, contact profilometry, wettability and bacterial adhesion tests. The influence of surface topography, microstructure and crystallography on bacterial adhesion was systematically investigated: it was evidenced that the bacterial reduction after EB surface treatment is not correlated with the grooves, but with the microstructure induced by the EB treatment, with a significant bacterial reduction when the surface microstructure has a high density of grain boundaries. This correlation between microstructure and bacterial adhesion was reported for the first time for Ti alloys.
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Nobre CMG, Pütz N, Hannig M. Adhesion of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles to Dental Materials under Oral Conditions. SCANNING 2020; 2020:6065739. [PMID: 32454927 PMCID: PMC7222588 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6065739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAP) are receiving considerable attention for dental applications, and their adhesion to enamel is well established. However, there are no reports concerning the effects of HAP on other dental materials, and most of the studies in this field are based on in vitro designs, neglecting the salivary pellicle-apatite interactions. Thus, this in situ pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of three hydroxyapatite-based solutions and their interactions with different dental material surfaces under oral conditions. Hence, two volunteers carried intraoral splints with mounted samples from enamel and from three dental materials: titanium, ceramics, and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Three HAP watery solutions (5%) were prepared with different shapes and sizes of nano-HAP (HAP I, HAP II, HAP III). After 3 min of pellicle formation, 10 ml rinse was performed during 30 sec. Rinsing with water served as control. Samples were accessed immediately after rinsing, 30 min and 2 h after rinsing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the particles, and SEM evaluated the pellicle-HAP interactions. SEM and TEM results showed a high variation in the size range of the particles applied. A heterogeneous HAP layer was present after 2 h on enamel, titanium, ceramics, and PMMA surfaces under oral conditions. Bridge-like structures were visible between the nano-HAP and the pellicle formed on enamel, titanium, and PMMA surfaces. In conclusion, nano-HAP can adhere not only to enamel but also to artificial dental surfaces under oral conditions. The experiment showed that the acquired pellicle act as a bridge between the nano-HAP and the materials' surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Mirela Guimarães Nobre
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Norbert Pütz
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Vollmer A, Al-Ahmad A, Argyropoulou A, Thurnheer T, Hellwig E, Attin T, Vach K, Wittmer A, Ferguson K, Skaltsounis AL, Karygianni L. Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (VIS + wIRA) and Hypericum Perforatum Modifies In Situ Oral Biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20325. [PMID: 31889168 PMCID: PMC6937260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, the application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining increasing popularity in dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of aPDT using visible light (VIS) and water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) in combination with a Hypericum perforatum extract on in situ oral biofilms. The chemical composition of H. perforatum extract was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). To obtain initial and mature oral biofilms in situ, intraoral devices with fixed bovine enamel slabs (BES) were carried by six healthy volunteers for two hours and three days, respectively. The ex situ exposure of biofilms to VIS + wIRA (200 mWcm-2) and H. perforatum (32 mg ml-1, non-rinsed or rinsed prior to aPDT after 2-min preincubation) lasted for five minutes. Biofilm treatment with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX) served as a positive control, while untreated biofilms served as a negative control. The colony-forming units (CFU) of the aPDT-treated biofilms were quantified, and the surviving microorganisms were identified using MALDI-TOF biochemical tests as well as 16 S rDNA-sequencing. We could show that the H. perforatum extract had significant photoactivation potential at a concentration of 32 mg ml-1. When aPDT was carried out in the presence of H. perforatum, all biofilms (100%) were completely eradicated (p = 0.0001). When H. perforatum was rinsed off prior to aPDT, more than 92% of the initial viable bacterial count and 13% of the mature oral biofilm were killed. Overall, the microbial composition in initial and mature biofilms was substantially altered after aPDT, inducing a shift in the synthesis of the microbial community. In conclusion, H. perforatum-mediated aPDT using VIS + wIRA interferes with oral biofilms, resulting in their elimination or the substantial alteration of microbial diversity and richness. The present results support the evaluation of H. perforatum-mediated aPDT for the adjunctive treatment of biofilm-associated oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Vollmer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerry Ferguson
- Botanical Innovation, Unit 2, 390 Clergate Road, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gvetadze RS, Dmitrieva NA, Voronin AN. [Adhesion of microorganisms to various dental materials used to form a gum contour in implant-retained restorations]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2019; 98:118-123. [PMID: 31701941 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201998051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article the literature review on dental materials for the manufacture of gum formers used in dental implantology. Adhesion of microorganisms to titanium, PMMA and PEEK resins is discussed. According to published studies PEEK polymer is characterized by a similar bacterial contamination compared to titanium but shows lower degree of contamination when compared to acrylic resins in equal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sh Gvetadze
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Dmitrieva
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Voronin
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Sakamoto Y, Ayukawa Y, Furuhashi A, Kamo M, Ikeda J, Atsuta I, Haraguchi T, Koyano K. Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment with Distilled Water on Titanium Alloy for Epithelial Cellular Attachment. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172748. [PMID: 31461930 PMCID: PMC6747835 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of oral epithelial adhesion to the trans-mucosal material of dental implants may improve their long-term stability. The aim of this study is to investigate whether hydrothermal treatment with distilled water (HT-DW) applied to a Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy could improve epithelial cellular attachment. We hypothesized that this treatment would enhance the adsorption of proteins and the adhesion of gingival epithelial GE1 cells. This treatment changed the surface crystal structure into an anatase type of titanium oxide without an apparent change of surface roughness or topography. Nitrogen was not detected on the HT-DW-treated Ti64, which indicates decontamination. HT-DW-treated Ti64 exhibited a hydrophilic surface with a less than 10° angle of water contact. Adsorption of laminin-332 to the HT-DW-treated Ti64 was significantly greater than that of the untreated Ti64 plates (64). The number of GE1 cells on the HT-DW-treated Ti64 at 1 and 3 days was significantly lower than that on 64; however, cell adhesion strength on HT-DW was greater, with a higher expression of integrin β4, compared with 64. This indicates that the HT-DW treatment of Ti64 improves the integration of GE1 cells, which might facilitate the development of a soft tissue barrier around the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushige Sakamoto
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Furuhashi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michimasa Kamo
- Medical Division, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga 520-2362, Japan
| | - Junji Ikeda
- Medical Division, KYOCERA Corporation, Shiga 520-2362, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Haraguchi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Inactivation of oral biofilms using visible light and water-filtered infrared A radiation and indocyanine green. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1721-1739. [PMID: 31368351 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of visible light and water-filtered infrared A radiation in combination with indocyanine green (ICG) on planktonic oral microorganisms as well as on oral biofilm. Methods: The irradiation was conducted for 5 min in combination with ICG. Treatment with chlorhexidine served as a positive control. The number of colony forming units and bacterial vitality were quantified. Results: All tested bacterial strains and salivary bacteria were killed at a level of 3log10. The colony forming units of the initial mature oral biofilms were strongly reduced. The high bactericidal effect of aPDT was confirmed by live/dead staining. Conclusion: The aPDT using visible light and water-filtered infrared A radiation and ICG has the potential to treat periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Bermejo P, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz Alonso M. Biofilm formation on dental implants with different surface micro-topography: An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30:725-734. [PMID: 31077449 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare biofilm formation on whole dental titanium implants with different surface micro-topography. METHODS A multispecies in vitro biofilm model consisting of initial (Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii), early (Veillonella parvula), secondary (Fusobacterium nucleatum) and late colonizers (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) was grown for 96 hr on sterile titanium dental implants with either minimal (Sa : 0.5-1.0 mm) or moderate-roughness titanium surfaces (Sa : 1.1-2.0 mm). The resulting biofilms were studied with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope. Concentrations (colony-forming units per mL [CFU/ml]) of each bacterium were measured by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and compared by Student t tests. RESULTS A biofilm, located mainly at the peak and lateral areas of the implant threads, was observed on both implant surfaces, with a greater biomass and a greater live/dead ratio in moderate- compared to minimal-roughness surface implants. Statistically significant higher values of total bacteria (mean difference = 2.61 × 107 CFU/ml; 95% confidence interval - CI [1.91 × 106 ; 5.02 × 107 ]; p = 0.036), F. Nucleatum (mean difference = 4.43 × 106 CFU/ml; 95% CI [1.06 × 106 ; 7.80 × 106 ]; p = 0.013) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (mean difference = 2.55 × 107 CFU/ml; 95% CI [1.07 × 107 ; 4.04 × 107 ]; p = 0.002), were found in the moderate- compared to minimal-roughness surface dental implants. CONCLUSIONS Implants with moderate-roughness surfaces accumulated more bacterial biomass and significant higher number of pathogenic bacteria (F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans), when compared to implants with minimal-roughness surfaces, within a similar biofilm structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bermejo
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Llama-Palacios
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz Alonso
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Nagay BE, Dini C, Cordeiro JM, Ricomini-Filho AP, de Avila ED, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Barão VAR. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of TiO 2 Codoped with Nitrogen and Bismuth: New Perspectives to Control Implant-Biofilm-Related Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18186-18202. [PMID: 31038914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated diseases are one of the main causes of implant failure. Currently, the development of implant surface treatment goes beyond the osseointegration process and focuses on the creation of surfaces with antimicrobial action and with the possibility to be re-activated (i.e., light source activation). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an excellent photocatalyst used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications, could be a great alternative, but its efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet (UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since UV radiation has carcinogenic potential, we created a functional TiO2 coating codoped with nitrogen and bismuth via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium to achieve an antibacterial effect under visible light with re-activation potential. A complex surface topography was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, PEO-treated surfaces showed greater hydrophilicity and albumin adsorption compared to control, untreated titanium. Bismuth incorporation shifted the band gap of TiO2 to the visible region and facilitated higher degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the dark, with a greater reduction in the concentration of MO after visible-light irradiation even after 72 h of aging. These results were consistent with the in vitro antibacterial effect, where samples with nitrogen and bismuth in their composition showed the greatest bacterial reduction after 24 h of dual-species biofilm formation ( Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii) in darkness with a superior effect at 30 min of visible-light irradiation. In addition, such a coating presents reusable photocatalytic potential and good biocompatibility by presenting a noncytotoxicity effect on human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, nitrogen and bismuth incorporation into TiO2 via PEO can be considered a promising alternative for dental implant application with antibacterial properties in darkness, with a stronger effect after visible-light application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , R. Humaitá, 1680 , Araraquara , São Paulo 14801-903 , Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
| | - Nilson C da Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
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Dhaliwal JS, Rahman NA, Knights J, Ghani H, de Albuquerque Junior RF. The effect of different surface topographies of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm: a systematic review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Talha M, Ma Y, Kumar P, Lin Y, Singh A. Role of protein adsorption in the bio corrosion of metallic implants - A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:494-506. [PMID: 30690385 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Implants are exposed to a complex physiological environment that contains various organic compounds, especially proteins. The adsorption of proteins has an immense influence on the corrosion, biocompatibility and wear properties of implantable metals. Proteins engage in multiple processes that could potentially inhibit or promote metal degradation, depending on the type of proteins, their concentration and the properties of the implant material. In the bio corrosion process, proteins are denatured and transform into a film on the metal surface, inhibiting corrosion. This film is found on many retrieved artificial joints, especially on worn areas, and can protect the passive film from scrapping due to its lubricating effect, thus decreasing tribocorroion. On the other hand, the interactions of metal ions with proteins (and amino acids) create colloidal organometallic complexes. Transport of the complex compounds away from the interface increases dissolution rates; thus, it accelerates the corrosion of metallic implants. The influence of protein adsorption on the corrosion behaviour of metallic biomaterials is presented in this review. Biocompatible metals that are favourably used as implants such as stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys, Ti alloys and biodegradable Mg and Fe alloys are specifically addressed. We have highlighted the adsorption phenomenon of protein on metallic implants, the interaction of proteins with metallic implants and the role of protein adsorption on implant biocorrosion behaviour as well as their wear resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talha
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yucong Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Yuanhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ambrish Singh
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
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Wang D, Haapasalo M, Gao Y, Ma J, Shen Y. Antibiofilm peptides against biofilms on titanium and hydroxyapatite surfaces. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:418-425. [PMID: 30003180 PMCID: PMC6039701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the main challenges in the treatment of common oral diseases such as caries, gingival and endodontic infection and periimplantitis. Oral plaque is the origin of microbes colonizing in the form of biofilms on hydroxyapatite (tooth) and titanium (dental implant) surfaces. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti) disks were introduced, and their surface morphology was both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The average roughness of Ti disks (77.6 ± 18.3 nm) was less than that of HA (146.1 ± 38.5 nm) (p < 0.05). Oral multispecies biofilms which were cultured on Ti and HA disks for 6 h and three weeks were visualized by SEM. We investigated the ability of two new antibiofilm peptides, DJK-5 and 1018, to induce killing of bacteria in oral multispecies biofilms on Ti and HA disks. A 6-h treatment by DJK-5 and 1018 (2 or 10 μg/mL) significantly reduced biomass of the multispecies biofilms on both Ti and HA disks. DJK-5 was able to kill more bacteria (40.4-75.9%) than 1018 (30.4-67.0%) on both surfaces (p < 0.05). DJK-5 also led to a more effective killing of microbes after a 3-min treatment of 3-day-old and 3-week-old biofilms on Ti and HA surfaces, compared to peptide 1018 and chlorhexidine (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the amount of biofilm killing between Ti and HA surfaces. Both peptide DJK-5 and 1018 may potentially be used as effective antibiofilm agents in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Hao Y, Huang X, Zhou X, Li M, Ren B, Peng X, Cheng L. Influence of Dental Prosthesis and Restorative Materials Interface on Oral Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3157. [PMID: 30322190 PMCID: PMC6213966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms attach onto both teeth surfaces and dental material surfaces in oral cavities. In the meantime, oral biofilms are not only the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontitis, but also secondary caries and peri-implantitis, which would lead to the failure of clinical treatments. The material surfaces exposed to oral conditions can influence pellicle coating, initial bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation, due to their specific physical and chemical characteristics. To define the effect of physical and chemical characteristics of dental prosthesis and restorative material on oral biofilms, we discuss resin-based composites, glass ionomer cements, amalgams, dental alloys, ceramic, and dental implant material surface properties. In conclusion, each particular chemical composition (organic matrix, inorganic filler, fluoride, and various metallic ions) can enhance or inhibit biofilm formation. Irregular topography and rough surfaces provide favorable interface for bacterial colonization, protecting bacteria against shear forces during their initial reversible binding and biofilm formation. Moreover, the surface free energy, hydrophobicity, and surface-coating techniques, also have a significant influence on oral biofilms. However, controversies still exist in the current research for the different methods and models applied. In addition, more in situ studies are needed to clarify the role and mechanism of each surface parameter on oral biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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43
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Silva TSO, Freitas AR, Pinheiro MLL, do Nascimento C, Watanabe E, Albuquerque RF. Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985324 DOI: 10.3791/57756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants and their prosthetic components are prone to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. The use of materials that provides low microbial adhesion may reduce the prevalence and progression of peri-implant diseases. In view of the oral environment complexity and oral biofilm heterogeneity, microscopy techniques are needed that can enable a biofilm analysis of the surfaces of teeth and dental materials. This article describes a series of protocols implemented for comparing oral biofilm formation on titanium and ceramic materials for prosthetic abutments, as well as the methods involved in oral biofilms analyses at the morphological and cellular levels. The in situ model to evaluate oral biofilm formation on titanium and zirconia materials for dental prosthesis abutments as described in this study provides a satisfactory preservation of the 48 h biofilm, thereby demonstrating methodological adequacy. Multiphoton microscopy allows the analysis of an area representative of the biofilm formed on the test materials. In addition, the use of fluorophores and the processing of the images using multiphoton microscopy allows the analysis of the bacterial viability in a very heterogeneous population of microorganisms. The preparation of biological specimens for electron microscopy promotes the structural preservation of biofilm, images with good resolution, and no artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalisson S O Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Alice R Freitas
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Marília L L Pinheiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Rubens F Albuquerque
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo;
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Pokrowiecki R, Mielczarek A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. Oral microbiome and peri-implant diseases: where are we now? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:1529-1542. [PMID: 29238198 PMCID: PMC5716316 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant infective diseases (PIIDs) in oral implantology are commonly known as peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and periimplantitis (PI). While PIM is restricted to the peri-implant mucosa and is reversible, PI also affects implant-supporting bone and, therefore, is very difficult to eradicate. PIIDs in clinical outcome may resemble gingivitis and periodontitis, as they share similar risk factors. However, recent study in the field of proteomics and other molecular studies indicate that PIIDs exhibit significant differences when compared to periodontal diseases. This review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of PIIDs, their etiopathology and diversified microbiology as well as the role of molecular studies, which may be a key to personalized diagnostic and treatment protocols of peri-implant infections in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pokrowiecki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Prof Stanislaw Popowski Voivoid Children Hospital, Olsztyn
| | | | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Effects of Bacterial Contamination on Dental Implants During Surgery: A Systematic Review. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:778-789. [PMID: 28945673 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contamination during surgery negatively influences the prognosis of orthopaedic implants; however, it has not been proven whether contamination influences the success of dental implant treatment. The aim of the systematic review was to investigate if there exists evidence in the literature whether contamination of dental implants during surgery affects osseointegration and clinical success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four data bases were used for the literature search. Primary studies and reviews regarding both clinical and preclinical research were eligible. Rating of the summarized quality of the evidence was performed. RESULTS Five preclinical studies were included. Because of the estimated high risk of bias in all included studies and extensive differences in study design between the included studies, meta-analysis was not performed and no reliable aggregated data could be extracted. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the scientific evidence with regard to the current topic is insufficient. Further controlled studies are warranted.
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46
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Influence of Grit-Blasting and Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Treatment on Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Formation on Zirconia. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7080130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Ferraris S, Truffa Giachet F, Miola M, Bertone E, Varesano A, Vineis C, Cochis A, Sorrentino R, Rimondini L, Spriano S. Nanogrooves and keratin nanofibers on titanium surfaces aimed at driving gingival fibroblasts alignment and proliferation without increasing bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Okazaki Y, Doi K, Oki Y, Kobatake R, Abe Y, Tsuga K. Enhanced Osseointegration of a Modified Titanium Implant with Bound Phospho-Threonine: A Preliminary In Vivo Study. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8020016. [PMID: 28587061 PMCID: PMC5491997 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant surface topography is a key factor in achieving osseointegration. l-Threonine can be chemically and stably bonded to titanium surfaces by phosphorylation. This study investigated the degree of in vivo osseointegration of an implant with a novel o-phospho-l-threonine (p-Thr)-binding surface. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the p-Thr binding surface and machined surface disks, and initial cell attachment was evaluated. p-Thr-binding and machined surface implants were tested in vivo by implantation into the femurs of three male New Zealand white rabbits, and the osseointegration was assessed by measurement of removal torque (RT) and bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio. Initial cell attachment was greater for the p-Thr-binding than for the machined surface implant group (P < 0.05). In addition, RT and BIC values were higher for the p-Thr-binding surface than for the machined surface (P < 0.05). These results indicate that our implant with a p-Thr-binding surface can achieve enhanced osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okazaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Doi
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Oki
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kobatake
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Effects of photodynamic laser and violet-blue led irradiation on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide attached to moderately rough titanium surface: in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:857-864. [PMID: 28283813 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective decontamination of biofilm and bacterial toxins from the surface of dental implants is a yet unresolved issue. This study investigates the in vitro efficacy of photodynamic treatment (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) photoactivated with λ 635 nm diode laser and of λ 405 nm violet-blue LED phototreatment for the reduction of bacterial biofilm and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adherent to titanium surface mimicking the bone-implant interface. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm grown on titanium discs with a moderately rough surface was subjected to either PDT (0.1% MB and λ 635 nm diode laser) or λ 405 nm LED phototreatment for 1 and 5 min. Bactericidal effect was evaluated by vital staining and residual colony-forming unit count. Biofilm and titanium surface morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel experiments, discs coated with Escherichia coli LPS were treated as above before seeding with RAW 264.7 macrophages to quantify LPS-driven inflammatory cell activation by measuring the enhanced generation of nitric oxide (NO). Both PDT and LED phototreatment induced a statistically significant (p < 0.05 or higher) reduction of viable bacteria, up to -99 and -98% (5 min), respectively. Moreover, besides bactericidal effect, PDT and LED phototreatment also inhibited LPS bioactivity, assayed as nitrite formation, up to -42%, thereby blunting host inflammatory response. Non-invasive phototherapy emerges as an attractive alternative in the treatment of peri-implantitis to reduce bacteria and LPS adherent to titanium implant surface without causing damage of surface microstructure. Its efficacy in the clinical setting remains to be investigated.
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50
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Al-Ahmad A, Walankiewicz A, Hellwig E, Follo M, Tennert C, Wittmer A, Karygianni L. Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (vis+wIRA) and Chlorine e6 (Ce6) Eradicates Planktonic Periodontal Pathogens and Subgingival Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1900. [PMID: 27965635 PMCID: PMC5124645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatment methods for pathogens and microbial biofilms are required due to the widespread rise in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has recently gained attention as a novel method to eradicate pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a novel aPDT method using visible light (vis) and water infiltrated infrared A (wIRA) in combination with chlorine e6 (Ce6) against different periodontal pathogens in planktonic form and within in situ subgingival oral biofilms. Eight different periodontal pathogens were exposed to aPDT using vis+wIRA and 100 μg/ml Ce6 in planktonic culture. Additionally, pooled subgingival dental biofilm was also treated by aPDT and the number of viable cells determined as colony forming units (CFU). Live/dead staining was used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize and quantify antimicrobial effects within the biofilm samples. Untreated negative controls as well as 0.2% chlorhexidine-treated positive controls were used. All eight tested periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Slackia exigua, and Atopobium rimae and the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm were eliminated over the ranges of 3.43–8.34 and 3.91–4.28 log10 CFU in the log10 scale, respectively. Thus, aPDT showed bactericidal effects on the representative pathogens as well as on the in situ subgingival biofilm. The live/dead staining also revealed a significant reduction (33.45%) of active cells within the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm. Taking the favorable tissue healing effects of vis+wIRA into consideration, the significant antimicrobial effects revealed in this study highlight the potential of aPDT using this light source in combination with Ce6 as an adjunctive method to treat periodontitis as well as periimplantitis. The present results encourage also the evaluation of this method for the treatment of caries and apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Walankiewicz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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