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Cao HT, Deng CY, Yan XM, Lin ZJ. Analysis of Correlation Between Coronary Heart Disease and Genetic Polymorphism Detected by Gold Magnetic Nanoparticles Chromatography. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:467-475. [PMID: 37847462 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
It aimed to explore the correlation of Glu504Lys locus mutation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on gold magnetic nanoparticles (GMNPs) chromatography and amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR). 120 CHD patients admitted to the cardiovascular Department of Wenling First People's Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected as Case group and 80 non-CHD patients admitted during the same period were selected as Ctrl group. The venous blood and indexes of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) were collected. The ARMS-PCR GMNPs chromatography based on ARMS-PCR and immunochromatography assay was adopted to detect gene polymorphism of ALDH2. Correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and risk factors of CHD was analyzed via logistic regression. In contrast to Ctrl group, the genotypes of GG, GA, and AA in Case group were evidently different (P < 0.05), and the frequency of A allelic gene was obviously increased (P < 0.05). Under the dominant model, frequency of GA + AA genotype in Case group was remarkably higher in contrast to Ctrl group (P < 0.05). Under the recessive model, there was no obvious difference in genotype frequency between two groups. In contrast to Ctrl group, TC, LDL-C, and FBS in Case group were notably increased (P < 0.05), while HDL-C was notably decreased (P < 0.05). The distribution frequency of abnormal LDL-C, HDL-C, and FBS in Case group was notably higher in contrast to Ctrl group (P < 0.05). LDL-C and FBS had no obvious effect on the genotypes and frequency distribution of alleles in CHD patients. However, the frequency distribution of genotypes of GA and AA and A allelic gene in patients with abnormal HDL-C was notably lower in contrast to those with normal HDL-C (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal HDC-C with A allelic gene were independent risk factors for CHD (P = 0.001, OR = 1.934). The gene polymorphism of Glu504Lys locus of ALDH2 was closely related to the pathogenesis of CHD, A allelic gene may be a susceptibility gene for CHD, and patients with abnormal HDC-C and carried A allelic gene had relatively higher incidence of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wenling First People's Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cong-Ying Deng
- Ultrasound Imaging Department, Zhongshan People's Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Min Yan
- Central Lab, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Gehu Middle Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wenling First People's Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Tang C, Shi F, Ji Y, Zhu J, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 Polymorphism is a Predictor of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:230-239. [PMID: 38177014 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) is commonly seen in patients with heart failure (HF), but there are limited treatment options. Recent studies have shown an association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphisms and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms, and the association between ALDH2 and risk of PH-LHD in patients with HF. It also investigated different ALDH2 genotypes and examined their association with cardiac structure and function in HF patients with PH-LHD. METHODS A total of 178 HF patients were consecutively enrolled in this study: 102 without PH-LHD and 76 with PH-LHD. Clinical data, parameters of echocardiography, and relevant biochemical indexes were recorded in both groups. Differences in data obtained between groups were compared, and the risk of variant ALDH2 polymorphisms with PH-LHD in HF patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of ALDH2 rs671 GA/AA polymorphisms (variant ALDH2) was 24 of 102 patients (23.53%) in the HF without PH-LHD group, and 32 of 76 patients (42.10%) in the HF with PH-LHD group, with a statistically significant difference. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression showed that variant ALDH2 is an independent risk factor for HF combined with PH-LHD. A higher proportion of patients with variant ALDH2 in the HF with PH-LHD group had a tricuspid regurgitation velocity >2.8 m/s, and they had higher values of peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral orifice/peak velocity of the early diastolic wave of the mitral orifice, maximum frequency shift of pulmonary valve flow, and pulmonary artery stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Variant ALDH2 may be an independent risk factor for HF combined with PH-LHD. Variant ALDH2 may also be involved in pulmonary artery remodelling and is a potential new target for clinical treatment of PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Hokimoto S, Kaikita K, Yasuda S, Tsujita K, Ishihara M, Matoba T, Matsuzawa Y, Mitsutake Y, Mitani Y, Murohara T, Noda T, Node K, Noguchi T, Suzuki H, Takahashi J, Tanabe Y, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Teragawa H, Yasu T, Yoshimura M, Asaumi Y, Godo S, Ikenaga H, Imanaka T, Ishibashi K, Ishii M, Ishihara T, Matsuura Y, Miura H, Nakano Y, Ogawa T, Shiroto T, Soejima H, Takagi R, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Taruya A, Tsuda E, Wakabayashi K, Yokoi K, Minamino T, Nakagawa Y, Sueda S, Shimokawa H, Ogawa H. JCS/CVIT/JCC 2023 guideline focused update on diagnosis and treatment of vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) and coronary microvascular dysfunction. J Cardiol 2023; 82:293-341. [PMID: 37597878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzawa
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Mitsutake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teragawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Takanori Yasu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Dokkyo Medical University Nikko Medical Center, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikenaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | | | - Yunosuke Matsuura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiroto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Ryu Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Akira Taruya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tsuda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Kohei Wakabayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yokoi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Toru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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Pereira WR, Ferreira JCB, Artioli GG. Commentary: Aldehyde dehydrogenase, redox balance and exercise physiology: What is missing? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 283:111470. [PMID: 37364662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in reactive aldehyde detoxification. Approximately 560 million people (about 8% of the world's population) carry a point mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2), identified as ALDH2*2, which leads to decreased ALDH2 catalytic activity. ALDH2*2 variant is associated with an accumulation of toxic reactive aldehydes and consequent disruption of cellular metabolism, which contributes to the establishment and progression of several degenerative diseases. Consequences of aldehyde accumulation include impaired mitochondrial functional, hindered anabolic signaling in the skeletal muscle, impaired cardiovascular and pulmonary function, and reduced osteoblastogenesis. Considering that aldehydes are endogenously produced through redox processes, it is expected that conditions that have a high energy demand, such as exercise, might be affected by impaired aldehyde clearance in ALDH2*2 individuals. Despite the large body of evidence supporting the importance of ALDH2 to ethanol metabolism, redox homeostasis and overall health, specific research investigating the impact of ALDH2*2 on phenotypes relevant to exercise performance are notoriously scarce. In this commentary, we highlight the consolidated knowledge on the impact of ALDH2*2 on physiological processes that are relevant to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Ribeiro Pereira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Cellular Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102349. [PMID: 36289612 PMCID: PMC9599037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a reversible phenomenon caused by spontaneous excessive vascular smooth muscle contractility and vascular wall hypertonicity, which results in partial or complete closure of the lumen of normal or atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The clinical picture of CAS includes chest discomfort which is similar in quality to that of stable effort angina. Mechanisms underlying the development of CAS are still unclear. CAS certainly is a multifactorial disease. In this review, we paid attention to the role of the main pathophysiologic mechanisms in CAS: endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, smooth muscle hypercontractility, atherosclerosis and thrombosis, and mutations leading to deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activity. These findings might shed novel insight on the underlying mechanisms and identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Klashami ZN, Ahrabi NZ, Ahrabi YS, Hasanzad M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. The vitamin D receptor gene variants, ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI in diabetic foot ulcer and their association with oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8627-8639. [PMID: 35857173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, numerous disorders have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Several lines of evidence indicate a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It has been postulated that vitamin D may influence insulin activity, which can predispose individuals to develop type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 262 patients with definite type 2 diabetes were enrolled, considering whether they were being affected by diabetic foot ulcers or not. The plasma levels of vitamin D and homocysteine were measured using ELISA, and the PCR-RFLP technique was utilized to determine allele and genotype frequencies. The antioxidant capacity of plasma samples of diabetic patients was analyzed using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. RESULTS The obtained results demonstrated no significant difference in the frequency of TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms between the case and control groups. However, the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the ApaI polymorphism in the VDR gene significantly differed between the case and control groups. A significant correlation was found between ApaI polymorphism and oxidative stress, as patients with the GG genotype had lower levels of TBARS than those with other genotypes. Furthermore, in the case group, patients with the CC genotype of BsmI showed a significant decrease in TBARS levels. DISCUSSION It seems that the plasma levels of vitamin D do not differ between patients with or without diabetic foot ulcers; however, the presence of some VDR gene polymorphisms is thought to be involved in the development of diabetic foot ulcers via increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sarve Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jiang Q, Li X, Chen R, Wang C, Liu X, Wang X. Association of functional variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 with acute myocardial infarction of Chinese patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:303. [PMID: 35787671 PMCID: PMC9254420 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variant of ALDH2 was thought to be associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) due to the consumption of alcohol. This study focused on how ALDH2 variant acts as an independent risk factor for AMI, regardless of alcohol consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the case-control INTERHEART-China study which took place at 25 centres in 17 cities in mainland China. Cases were patients with AMI and matched by age, sex, and site to controls. Information about alcohol consumption and genotype were collected. We divided cases and controls by alcohol consumption: alcohol intake group and no alcohol intake group. Then, calculated the Odd Ratio (OR) value with confidence interval (CI) at 95% level to find the association between ALDH2 variant and AMI. Results were then adjusted by sex, age, BMI, and other common risk factors of AMI. The study involves a total of 2660 controls and 2322 AMI patients. The no drink intake group showed that there was a correlation between the ALDH2 variant and AMI (OR = 1.236, 95% CI = 1.090-1.401, p = 0.00092). After adjustment of different risk factors this association remained (OR = 1.247, 95% CI = 1.099-1.415, p = 0.00062). Similar results were also obtained from the no alcohol intake group (OR = 1.196, 95% CI = 0.993-1.440, p = 0.05963), however, due to the limited sample size, the result was not significant enough statistically. CONCLUSION From our results, ALDH2 variant is associated with the risk of AMI even in population that has no alcohol consumption. This suggests that ALDH2 variant may act as an independent risk factor for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rukun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuhong Wang
- National Center for Human Genetic Resources, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Center for Human Genetic Resources, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingyu Wang
- National Center for Human Genetic Resources, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China.
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-associated metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases: current status, underlying mechanisms, and clinical recommendations. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tsai HC, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Li YCE, Chen MH. The Role of Alcohol, LPS Toxicity, and ALDH2 in Dental Bony Defects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050651. [PMID: 33925003 PMCID: PMC8145216 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 560 million people carry an East Asian-specific ALDH2*2 dominant-negative mutation which leads to enzyme inactivation. This common ALDH2 polymorphism has a significant association with osteoporosis. We hypothesized that the ALDH2*2 mutation in conjunction with periodontal Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial infection and alcohol drinking had an inhibitory effect on osteoblasts and bone regeneration. We examined the prospective association of ALDH2 activity with the proliferation and mineralization potential of human osteoblasts in vitro. The ALDH2 knockdown experiments showed that the ALDH2 knockdown osteoblasts lost their proliferation and mineralization capability. To mimic dental bacterial infection, we compared the dental bony defects in wild-type mice and ALDH2*2 knockin mice after injection with purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from P. gingivalis which is a bacterial species known to cause periodontitis. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan results indicated that bone regeneration was significantly affected in the ALDH2*2 knockin mice with about 20% more dental bony defects after LPS injection than the wild-type mice. Moreover, the ALDH2*2 knockin mutant mice had decreased osteoblast growth and more dental bone loss in the upper left jaw region after LPS injection. In conclusion, these results indicated that the ALDH2*2 mutation with alcohol drinking and chronic exposure to dental bacterial-derived toxin increased the risk of dental bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (C.-H.C.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.E.L.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-517-250 (ext. 3688) (Y.-C.E.L.); +886-223-123-456 (ext. 62342) (M.-H.C.)
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.E.L.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-517-250 (ext. 3688) (Y.-C.E.L.); +886-223-123-456 (ext. 62342) (M.-H.C.)
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Jin L, Lynch J, Richardson A, Lorkiewicz P, Srivastava S, Theis W, Shirk G, Hand A, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ. Electronic cigarette solvents, pulmonary irritation, and endothelial dysfunction: role of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1510-H1525. [PMID: 33543686 PMCID: PMC8260384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00878.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After more than a decade of electronic cigarette (E-cig) use in the United States, uncertainty persists regarding E-cig use and long-term cardiopulmonary disease risk. As all E-cigs use propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG-VG) and generate abundant saturated aldehydes, mice were exposed by inhalation to PG-VG-derived aerosol, formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), or filtered air. Biomarkers of exposure and cardiopulmonary injury were monitored by mass spectrometry (urine metabolites), radiotelemetry (respiratory reflexes), isometric myography (aorta), and flow cytometry (blood markers). Acute PG-VG exposure significantly affected multiple biomarkers including pulmonary reflex (decreased respiratory rate, -50%), endothelium-dependent relaxation (-61.8 ± 4.2%), decreased WBC (-47 ± 7%), and, increased RBC (+6 ± 1%) and hemoglobin (+4 ± 1%) versus air control group. Notably, FA exposure recapitulated the prominent effects of PG-VG aerosol on pulmonary irritant reflex and endothelial dysfunction, whereas AA exposure did not. To attempt to link PG-VG exposure with FA or AA exposure, urinary formate and acetate levels were measured by GC-MS. Although neither FA nor AA exposure altered excretion of their primary metabolite, formate or acetate, respectively, compared with air-exposed controls, PG-VG aerosol exposure significantly increased post-exposure urinary acetate but not formate. These data suggest that E-cig use may increase cardiopulmonary disease risk independent of the presence of nicotine and/or flavorings. This study indicates that FA levels in tobacco product-derived aerosols should be regulated to levels that do not induce biomarkers of cardiopulmonary harm. There remains a need for reliable biomarkers of exposure to inhaled FA and AA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Use of electronic cigarettes (E-cig) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy humans, yet the specific constituents in E-cig aerosols that contribute to ED are unknown. Our study implicates formaldehyde that is formed in heating of E-cig solvents (propylene glycol, PG; vegetable glycerin, VG). Exposure to formaldehyde or PG-VG-derived aerosol alone stimulated ED in female mice. As ED was independent of nicotine and flavorants, these data reflect a "universal flaw" of E-cigs that use PG-VG.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/e-cigarettes-aldehydes-and-endothelial-dysfunction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Jin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jordan Lynch
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andre Richardson
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shweta Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Whitney Theis
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gregg Shirk
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alexis Hand
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association-Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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11
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Jiang Y, He J, Liu H, Xu Z. Association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20206. [PMID: 32481290 PMCID: PMC7249896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In last decades, many scholars have studied the relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 and ischemic stroke (IS), however, the results obtained from these studies were inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs671 and the risk of IS by systematically review.Two researchers independently screened relevant published literatures, derived data and estimated the risk of bias of the research in Pubmed, Embase, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Cochrane Library and China Biomedical Literature Database throughout March 29, 2020. All statistical analyses were performed with the Stata 12.0 software. The data of the study was analyzed using fixed and random effects models. The results were expressed by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).A total of 10 articles were included this study. The total number of samples for all studies was 5265, including 2762 cases and 2503 controls. Statistical results indicated statistical differences between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and IS under dominant model (AA vs. AG + GG) and allelic model (A vs G), ORs (95% CI) were 1.66 (1.27-2.17) (P = .00) and 1.34 (1.05-1.71) (P = .02), respectively. But there was no statistical difference under recessive model (AA + AG vs GG), OR (95% CI) was 1.40 (0.99-1.97), P = .06.ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism was related to IS risk for Chinese population and the A allele of rs671 may be a risk factor of IS.
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12
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Matta A, Bouisset F, Lhermusier T, Campelo-Parada F, Elbaz M, Carrié D, Roncalli J. Coronary Artery Spasm: New Insights. J Interv Cardiol 2020; 2020:5894586. [PMID: 32508542 PMCID: PMC7245659 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5894586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) defined by a severe reversible diffuse or focal vasoconstriction is the most common diagnosis among INOCA (ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease) patients irrespective to racial, genetic, and geographic variations. However, the prevalence of CAS tends to decrease in correlation with the increasing use of medicines such as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and statins, the controlling management of atherosclerotic risk factors, and the decreased habitude to perform a functional reactivity test in highly active cardiac catheterization centers. A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from silent disease to sudden cardiac death was attributed to this complex entity with unclear pathophysiology. Multiple mechanisms such as the autonomic nervous system, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and smooth muscle hypercontractility are involved. Regardless of the limited benefits proffered by the newly emerged cardiac imaging modalities, the provocative test remains the cornerstone diagnostic tool for CAS. It allows to reproduce CAS and to evaluate reactivity to nitrates. Different invasive and noninvasive therapeutic approaches are approved for the management of CAS. Long-acting nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are recommended for first line therapy. Invasive strategies such as PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) and CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) have shown benefits in CAS with significant atherosclerotic lesions. Combination therapies are proposed for refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Matta
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Bouisset
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Lhermusier
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fran Campelo-Parada
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Meyer Elbaz
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Carrié
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- Department of Cardiology, Institute CARDIOMET, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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13
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Hou J, Zhong Z, Deng Q, Lin L, Zeng X. The role of MTHFR C677T and ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism in acute coronary syndrome in a Hakka population in southern China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:127. [PMID: 32160861 PMCID: PMC7066809 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious type of coronary heart disease and is a global medical burden. The pathogenesis of ACS is very complex and still poorly understood. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that the manifestation of ACS are the results of the interactions between multiple environmental and genetic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T and ALDH2 Glu504Lys as risk factors for ACS in a Hakka population in southern China. Methods Between September 1, 2015 and October 31, 2017, a total of 1957 individuals, including 860 ACS patients and 1097 controls were recruited. Blood samples were collected and genotypes were determined by DNA microarray chip method and direct sequencing method. Results For the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 53.60% versus 55.33, 39.53% versus 38.65 and 6.86% versus 6.02% in patients with ACS versus controls, respectively(p > 0.05). The differences in genotype frequencies between the ACS patients and controls in the three genetic model were not statistically significant. For the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism, the frequencies of ALDH2*1*1, ALDH2*1*2, and ALDH2*2*2 genotypes were 48.72, 42.67 and 8.6% in the ACS patients, respectively, while these were 53.33, 39.11 and 7.57% in the controls, respectively, showing no significant difference in the distribution of the ALDH2 genotype between the groups. Using the wild genotype ALDH2*1*1 as reference, relative risk analysis revealed a slightly increased risk for ACS in individuals with the ALDH2*1*2 plus ALDH2*2*2 genotypes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.203, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006–1.438, p = 0.043). In a multivariate logistic regression model, even after adjusting for potential covariates, the association between ALDH2 *2 allele and ACS remained significant (OR = 1.242, 95% CI = 1.045–1.561, p = 0.038). Conclusions We present findings regarding the possible clinical impact of the ALDH2*2 variant on ACS patients in a Hakka population in southern China and our findings might help to stratify the high-risk ACS patients and implement appropriate strategies for this genetic subpopulation to ultimately guide the precision preventive procedures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hou
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Deng
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
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14
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Association Between the Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and Cerebral Infarction in a Hakka Population in Southern China. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:322-334. [PMID: 32006143 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in determining the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. Herein, we examined the association of an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction. Patients with cerebral infarction (n = 963) and healthy controls (n = 921) were included. Genotyping was performed using gene chip platform analysis, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm ALDH2 genotypes. The risk prediction of ALDH2 polymorphisms for cerebral infarction was examined under three genetic modes of inheritance. For males, ALDH2*2/*2 genotype was a significant risk factor for cerebral infarction in the co-dominant model (age-, smoking-, and drinking-adjusted OR 1.514, 95% CI 1.005-2.282, p = 0.047) and the recessive model (age-, smoking-, and drinking-adjusted OR 1.601, 95% CI 1.078-2.379, p = 0.020). However, for females, ALDH2*2/*2 genotype was a protective factor for cerebral infarction in the co-dominant model (age-, smoking-, and drinking-adjusted OR 0.450 95% CI 0.215-0.941, p = 0.034) and the recessive model (age-, smoking-, and drinking-adjusted OR 0.440, 95% CI 0.214-0.903, p = 0.025). Further, logistic regression analysis revealed that age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia were significant risks for the presence of cerebral infarction. In conclusion, these findings support an association of ALDH2 gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a Chinese Hakka population. In particular, homozygote ALDH2*2/*2 may be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in males, but contribute to reduced risk for cerebral infarction in females.
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15
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Van Skike CE, Goodlett C, Matthews DB. Acute alcohol and cognition: Remembering what it causes us to forget. Alcohol 2019; 79:105-125. [PMID: 30981807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction has been conceptualized as a specific form of memory that appropriates typically adaptive neural mechanisms of learning to produce the progressive spiral of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, perpetuating the path to addiction through aberrant processes of drug-related learning and memory. From that perspective, to understand the development of alcohol use disorders, it is critical to identify how a single exposure to alcohol enters into or alters the processes of learning and memory, so that involvement of and changes in neuroplasticity processes responsible for learning and memory can be identified early. This review characterizes the effects produced by acute alcohol intoxication as a function of brain region and memory neurocircuitry. In general, exposure to ethanol doses that produce intoxicating effects causes consistent impairments in learning and memory processes mediated by specific brain circuitry, whereas lower doses either have no effect or produce a facilitation of memory under certain task conditions. Therefore, acute ethanol does not produce a global impairment of learning and memory, and can actually facilitate particular types of memory, perhaps particular types of memory that facilitate the development of excessive alcohol use. In addition, the effects on cognition are dependent on brain region, task demands, dose received, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance. Additionally, we explore the underlying alterations in neurophysiology produced by acute alcohol exposure that help to explain these changes in cognition and highlight future directions for research. Through understanding the impact that acute alcohol intoxication has on cognition, the preliminary changes potentially causing a problematic addiction memory can better be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, United States
| | - Charles Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Douglas B Matthews
- Division of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, United States.
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16
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Cornelis MC. Genetic determinants of beverage consumption: Implications for nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:1-52. [PMID: 31351524 PMCID: PMC7047661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beverages make important contributions to nutritional intake and their role in health has received much attention. This review focuses on the genetic determinants of common beverage consumption and how research in this field is contributing insight to what and how much we consume and why this genetic knowledge matters from a research and public health perspective. The earliest efforts in gene-beverage behavior mapping involved genetic linkage and candidate gene analysis but these approaches have been largely replaced by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS have identified biologically plausible loci underlying alcohol and coffee drinking behavior. No GWAS has identified variants specifically associated with consumption of tea, juice, soda, wine, beer, milk or any other common beverage. Thus far, GWAS highlight an important behavior-reward component (as opposed to taste) to beverage consumption which may serve as a potential barrier to dietary interventions. Loci identified have been used in Mendelian randomization and gene×beverage interaction analysis of disease but results have been mixed. This research is necessary as it informs the clinical relevance of SNP-beverage associations and thus genotype-based personalized nutrition, which is gaining interest in the commercial and public health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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17
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Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the association between ALDH2 gene rs671G>A polymorphism and various cancer type in Asians. However, the results remain inconclusive.We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis including 63 articles with 66 studies containing 25,682 cases and 47,455 controls retrieved by searching PubMed and Embase electronic databases up to March 5, 2018.Pooled results indicated that ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was significantly associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians (homozygous model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72-0.99, P = .042; heterozygous model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.14-1.52, P < .001; recessive model: OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88, P = .001; dominant model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.16-1.51, P < .001; and allele comparison model: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19, P = .004), especially in esophageal cancer and among the Chinese and the Japanese.Our results suggest that ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians. Well-designed prospective studies with more information about gene-environment interaction, such as drinking, should be conducted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Ma
- Department of Respiration
| | | | - Shanggan Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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18
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Yasue H, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Association of East Asian Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Genotype (ALDH2*2*) with Coronary Spasm and Acute Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:121-134. [PMID: 31368101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, including angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), silent myocardial ischemia, and sudden death. The prevalence of coronary spasm is higher among East Asians probably due to genetic as well as environmental factors. ALDH2 eliminates toxic aldehydes including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) derived from lipid peroxidation and acrolein in tobacco smoking as well as ethanol-derived acetaldehyde and thereby protects tissues and cells from oxidative damage. Deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype is prevalent among East Asians and is a significant risk factor for both coronary spasm and AMI through accumulation of toxic aldehydes, thereby contributing to oxidative stress, endothelial damage, vasoconstriction, and thrombosis. Toxic aldehydes are thus identified as risk factors to be targeted for the treatment of coronary spasm and AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yasue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan.
| | - Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan
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19
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Yun KE, Chang Y, Yun SC, Davey Smith G, Ryu S, Cho SI, Chung EC, Shin H, Khang YH. Alcohol and coronary artery calcification: an investigation using alcohol flushing as an instrumental variable. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:950-962. [PMID: 28073952 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We examined whether alcohol flushing could be used as an instrumental variable (IV) and investigated the effect of alcohol consumption on coronary calcification using alcohol flushing status as an IV. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 24 681 Korean adults (20 696 men and 3985 women) who had been administered a questionnaire assessing alcohol consumption and alcohol flushing, as well as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) measurement. The associations of alcohol flushing status with potential confounders and alcohol consumption were examined. We employed two-stage predictor substitution methodology for the IV analysis. Results The prevalence of alcohol flushing did not differ depending on gender, education, household income, cigarette smoking or physical activity. Balanced levels of confounders were observed between alcohol flushers and non-flushers. Alcohol flushing was closely related to alcohol consumption and levels of liver enzymes. In men, a doubling in alcohol consumption was associated with increased odds of coronary calcification in both the IV analysis [odds ratio (OR) of CAC scores of 1 or over = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.20) and the multivariable regression analysis (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.07). For cardiovascular risk factors, the IV analysis showed a positive association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Conclusions Alcohol flushing can be used as an IV in studies evaluating the health impact of alcohol consumption, especially in East Asian countries. Through such an analysis, we found that increased alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Imatoh T, Yengo L, Rocheleau G, Kamimura S, Maeda S, Miyazaki M, Froguel P. ALDH2 Polymorphism rs671, but Not ADH1B Polymorphism rs1229984, Increases Risk for Hypo-HDL-Cholesterolemia in a/a Carriers Compared to the G/G Carriers. Lipids 2018; 53:797-807. [PMID: 30334266 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that polymorphisms within the gene-encoding enzymes related to alcohol metabolism are associated with levels of serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in East Asian populations. We evaluated the effects of genetic variants within the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene and the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) gene on changes in the lipid profile in an 11-year longitudinal study. We genotyped rs1229984 within ADH1B and rs671 within ALDH2. We combined the genetic data with longitudinal clinical and biochemical data from 2002 to 2013 and designed a retrospective longitudinal study of 1436 Japanese males. There were significant negative relationships between rs671 within ALDH2 and HDL-C levels according to multiple linear regression analysis. Next, we assessed the association between the development of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and rs1229984 within ADH1B or rs671 within ALDH2. In logistic regression analysis, rs671 A allele homozygote carriers have 2.65 times higher risk of developing hypo-HDL cholesterolemia than G allele homozygote carriers. Even after adjusting for possible confounding factors, a significant association was observed. However, no association between rs1229984 within ADH1B and the development of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was observed. Rs671 within ALDH2 but not rs1229984 within ADH1B was associated with lower HDL-C levels in Japanese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Imatoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1, Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Loic Yengo
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France
| | - Ghislain Rocheleau
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France
| | - Seiichiro Kamimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Tenjin Clinic, 2-12-1, Tenjin, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-0001, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Banchi Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, 207 Banchi Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 9030215, Japan
| | - Motonobu Miyazaki
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12, Suzuya, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 338-0013, Japan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille 2, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Pôle recherche, 1 place de Verdun, Lille, 59045 Cedex, France.,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Shabana NA, Ashiq S, Ijaz A, Khalid F, Saadat IU, Khan K, Sarwar S, Shahid SU. Genetic risk score (GRS) constructed from polymorphisms in the PON1, IL-6, ITGB3, and ALDH2 genes is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease in Pakistani subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:224. [PMID: 30261890 PMCID: PMC6161440 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major killer in today’s world. Pakistan is also affected by this non-communicable disease like other countries. It is a multifactorial disease and is influenced by many gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Methods A total of 623 (219 controls, 404 cases) Pakistani subjects were genotyped for four SNPs, rs662 (PON1), rs5918 (ITGB3), rs671 (ALDH2), rs1800795 (IL-6) by PCR-RFLP. Various anthropometric parameters were noted and serum lipid profile was measured using commercially available kits. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22. A Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated from individual SNPs. The association of the SNPs and the GRS with CAD was checked using logistic regression. Results The results showed that the risk allele frequencies of all variants were higher in the cases than the controls, however the difference was not statistically significant association (p > 0.0125). The mean GRS in the controls was 3.99 ± 1.42 and in cases, it was 4.29 ± 1.39, the difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.0109). logistic regression of individual SNPs and GRS with the CAD showed that independent SNPs were not significantly associated with the CAD however, the GRS had a strong association (p = 1.4 × 10− 4). The subjects were divided into three groups based on GRS (Gp 1 with GRS 0–2, Gp 2 with GRS 3–5 and Gp 3 with GRS 6–8). The analysis of the effect of the individual SNPs and GRS groups on different lipid profile parameters revealed no significant association of any of the tested SNPs with any lipid parameter, however, the GRS groups showed marginally significant for TC and highly significant association for TG, LDL-c and HDL-c. Conclusion In conclusion, use of a GRS can provide better information than individual SNPs. The larger the number of the SNPs included in the analysis, the better would be the risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Ashiq
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Ijaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fizah Khalid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Istabsar Ul Saadat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kahkashan Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Sarwar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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22
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Activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 slows down the progression of atherosclerosis via attenuation of ER stress and apoptosis in smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:48-58. [PMID: 28858301 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in the metabolism of aldehydes and may have beneficial cardiovascular effects for conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial I/R injury, reperfusion, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. In this study we investigated the role of ALDH2 in the progression of atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms, with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. A clinical study was performed in 248 patients with coronary heart disease. The patients were divided into two groups according to their ALDH2 genotype. Baseline clinical characteristics and coronary angiography were recorded, and the coronary artery Gensini score was calculated. Serum levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) were detected. The clinical study revealed that the mutant ALDH2 genotype was an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. ALDH2 gene polymorphism is closely associated with atherosclerosis and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Serum levels of 4-HNE were significantly higher in patients with the mutant ALDH2 genotype than in patients with the wild-type ALDH2 genotype. As an in vitro model of atherosclerosis, rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were treated with oxygenized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which significantly elevated the levels of ER markers glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor α subunit (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor-4 (ATF-4), CEBP homologous protein (CHOP) and 4-HNE in the cells. All the ox-LDL-induced responses were significantly attenuated in the presence of Alda-1 (an ALDH2 activating agent), and accentuated in the presence of daidzin (an ALDH2 inhibitor). Furthermore, pretreatment with ALDH2 activator Alda-1 significantly decreased ox-LDL-induced apoptosis. Similarly, overexpression of ALDH2 protected SMCs against ox-LDL-induced ER stress as well as ER stress-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that ALDH2 may slow the progression of atherosclerosis via the attenuation of ER stress and apoptosis in smooth muscle cells.
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23
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Li YY, Wang H, Wu JJ, Kim HJ, Yang XX, Geng HY, Gong G. ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis including 5644 participants. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1666-1674. [PMID: 29278292 PMCID: PMC5824379 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate the mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene G487A polymorphism may be correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but a clear consensus has yet to be reached. To elucidate the relationship between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD within the Chinese population, a meta-analysis of 5644 subjects from nine individual studies was performed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were assessed using random or fixed-effect models depending the heterogeneity existence or not. Our meta-analysis found a significant association between ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD in the Chinese population under allele (OR: 1.830, 95% CI: 1.560-2.140, P = 1.36 × 10-13 ), recessive (OR: 1.920, 95% CI: 1.530-2.390, P = 1.20 × 10-8 ), dominant (OR: 1.593, 95% CI: 1.336-1.900, P = 2.22 × 10-7 ), homozygous (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.810-2.870, P = 3.17 × 10-12 ) and heterozygous genetic models (OR: 3.330, 95% CI: 2.070-5.370, P = 7.81 × 10-7 ). The positive correlation between the ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism and CAD makes the mutation a strong candidate as a genetic risk marker for CAD. Through further analysis, we also found that A allele carriers of ALDH2 gene G487A polymorphism may be particularly susceptible to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Xin-Xing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Geng
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, China
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24
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Shin MJ, Cho Y, Davey Smith G. Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:689-696. [PMID: 28540979 PMCID: PMC5447097 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a serious health issue in Korea in terms of the amount consumed and the behavior related to its consumption. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that degrades acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetic acid. The enzyme is coded by the ALDH2 gene, which is commonly polymorphic in East Asian populations. A point mutation in the ALDH2 gene (the rs671 allele) yields an inactive form of ALDH2 that causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the body after alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting normal alcohol metabolism. Individuals who are homozygous for polymorphism in ALDH2 tend to refrain from drinking alcohol, decreasing their chances of developing alcoholism and exposure to the associated risks. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption predicted by ALDH2 genotype is causally related to cardiovascular risks. Moreover, recent MR studies suggest that the ALDH2 variant has mechanistic effects on some disease outcomes or mortality through increased blood levels of acetaldehyde, showing differences therein between heterozygotes (ALDH2*2*2) and homozygotes (ALDH2*1*2) in those who consume alcohol. Accordingly, consideration of ALDH2 genotype in alcohol prevention programs is warranted. In conclusion, strategies that incorporate genetic information and provide an evidential basis from which to help people make informed decisions on alcohol consumption are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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25
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Establishment of a Quick and Highly Accurate Breath Test for ALDH2 Genotyping. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e96. [PMID: 28594397 PMCID: PMC5518947 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, is a definite carcinogen for the esophagus, head, and neck; and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of acetaldehyde. The ALDH2 genotype exists as ALDH2*1/*1 (active ALDH2), ALDH2*1/*2 (heterozygous inactive ALDH2), and ALDH2*2/*2 (homozygous inactive ALDH2). Many epidemiological studies have reported that ALDH2*2 carriers are at high risk for esophageal or head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by habitual drinking. Therefore, identification of ALDH2*2 carriers would be helpful for the prevention of those cancers, but there have been no methods suitable for mass screening to identify these individuals. Methods: One hundred and eleven healthy volunteers (ALDH2*1/*1 carriers: 53; ALDH2*1/*2 carriers: 48; and ALDH2*2/*2 carriers: 10) were recruited. Breath samples were collected after drinking 100 ml of 0.5% ethanol using specially designed gas bags, and breath ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were measured by semiconductor gas chromatography. Results: The median (range) breath acetaldehyde levels at 1 min after alcohol ingestion were 96.1 (18.1–399.0) parts per billion (p.p.b.) for the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype, 333.5 (78.4–1218.4) p.p.b. for the ALDH2*1/*2 genotype, and 537.1 (213.2–1353.8) p.p.b. for the ALDH2*2/*2 genotype. The breath acetaldehyde levels in ALDH2*2 carriers were significantly higher than for the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. Notably, the ratio of breath acetaldehyde level-to-breath ethanol level could identify carriers of the ALDH2*2 allele very accurately (whole accuracy; 96.4%). Conclusions: Our novel breath test is a useful tool for identifying ALDH2*2 carriers, who are at high risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers.
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26
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Kuroda A, Hegab AE, Jingtao G, Yamashita S, Hizawa N, Sakamoto T, Yamada H, Suzuki S, Ishii M, Namkoong H, Asakura T, Ozaki M, Yasuda H, Hamamoto J, Kagawa S, Soejima K, Betsuyaku T. Effects of the common polymorphism in the human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene on the lung. Respir Res 2017; 18:69. [PMID: 28431562 PMCID: PMC5399815 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) play a major role in detoxification of aldehydes. High expression of ALDHs is a marker for stem cells of many organs including the lungs. A common polymorphism in ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*2) results in inactivation of the enzyme and is associated with alcohol flushing syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases and some cancers. The effect of this ALDH2 polymorphism on the lung and its stem cells has not been thoroughly examined. METHODS We examined the association between the ALDH2*2 allele and lung function parameters in a population of healthy individuals. We also examined its association with the incidence of asthma and COPD in patient cohorts. We used the in vitro colony forming assay to detect the effect of the polymorphism on lung epithelial stem cells from both primary human surgical samples and Aldh2*2 transgenic (Tg) and Aldh2 -/- mice. Response to acute and chronic lung injuries was compared between wild type (WT), Aldh2*2 Tg and Aldh2 -/- mice. RESULTS In humans, the ALDH2*2 allele was associated with lower FEV1/FVC in the general population, but not with the development of asthma or COPD. Both the bronchial and lung epithelium carrying the ALDH2*2 allele showed a tendency for lower colony forming efficiency (CFE) compared to ALDH2 allele. In mice, the tracheal epithelial thickness, nuclear density, and number of basal stem cells were significantly lower in Aldh2 -/- and Aldh2*2 Tg adult mice than in WT. Electron microscopy showed significantly increased number of morphologically abnormal mitochondria in the trachea of Aldh2 -/- mice. Aldh2 -/- tracheal and lung cells showed higher ROS levels and fewer functional mitochondria than those from WT mice. No significant differences were detected when tracheal and lung epithelial stem cells were examined for their in vitro CFE. When exposed to chronic cigarette smoke, Aldh2*2 Tg mice were resistant to emphysema development, whereas influenza infection caused more epithelial damage in Aldh2 -/- mice than in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 polymorphism has several subtle effects on the lungs, some of which are similar to changes observed during normal aging, suggesting a "premature lung aging" effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Kuroda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ahmed E. Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Gao Jingtao
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149 China
| | - Shuji Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Tohru Sakamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Hideyasu Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki, 986-8522 Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Junko Hamamoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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27
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Homozygous
ALDH2*2
Is an Independent Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in Taiwanese Men. Stroke 2016; 47:2174-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The *
2
allele of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene
(ALDH2
) is the most common variant in Asian populations. The variant resulting in enzyme dysfunction was highly related to coronary artery disease. Recently, genome-wide association studies also discovered that the 12q24 locus near
ALDH2
gene was associated with hypertension and ischemic stroke. This study intended to further investigate whether the above variant of
ALDH2
increases the risk for ischemic stroke in Taiwanese.
Methods—
A case–control study was conducted on 914 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 746 nonstroke controls. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to identify the
ALDH2
genotype. Vascular risk factors, stroke subtypes, vascular stenosis, and stroke outcomes were analyzed.
Results—
ALDH2
genotypes differed significantly between male controls (*
1/*1
versus *
1/*2
versus *
2/*2
=53.8% versus 39.9% versus 6.4%) and male patients with ischemic stroke (*
1/*1
versus *
1/*2
versus *
2/*2
=51.5% versus 37.3% versus 11.2%;
P
=0.048). No significant difference was found between groups for female patients (
P
=0.228). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the
ALDH2*2/*2
genotype was an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in male patients (odds ratio, 1.93 [95% confidence interval, 1.07–3.46];
P
=0.028). Further analysis of men with ischemic stroke demonstrated that the polymorphism of
ALDH2
was not related to vascular risk factors, severity of vascular atherosclerosis, stroke subtypes, and stroke functional outcomes.
Conclusions—
The study demonstrated that
ALDH2*2/*2
may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in Taiwanese men, but not in Taiwanese women.
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28
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Ebert AD, Kodo K, Liang P, Wu H, Huber BC, Riegler J, Churko J, Lee J, de Almeida P, Lan F, Diecke S, Burridge PW, Gold JD, Mochly-Rosen D, Wu JC. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic polymorphism using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model system. Sci Transl Med 2016; 6:255ra130. [PMID: 25253673 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 8% of the human population carries an inactivating point mutation in the gene that encodes the cardioprotective enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This genetic polymorphism (ALDH2*2) is linked to more severe outcomes from ischemic heart damage and an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the underlying molecular bases are unknown. We investigated the ALDH2*2 mechanisms in a human model system of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from individuals carrying the most common heterozygous form of the ALDH2*2 genotype. We showed that the ALDH2*2 mutation gave rise to elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species and toxic aldehydes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic signaling pathways, especially during ischemic injury. We established that ALDH2 controls cell survival decisions by modulating oxidative stress levels and that this regulatory circuitry was dysfunctional in the loss-of-function ALDH2*2 genotype, causing up-regulation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes after ischemic insult. These results reveal a new function for the metabolic enzyme ALDH2 in modulation of cell survival decisions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that mediate ALDH2*2-related increased ischemic damage is important for the development of specific diagnostic methods and improved risk management of CAD and may lead to patient-specific cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno C Huber
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johannes Riegler
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jared Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia de Almeida
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Lan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph D Gold
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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29
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Jian K, Wang Q, Jiang L, Guo Z, Jiang N, Wang L, Liu J. WITHDRAWN: Association between interleukin 8 -251 A/T and +781 C/T polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk. Hum Immunol 2015:S0198-8859(15)00489-9. [PMID: 26429308 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KaiTao Jian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - ZhiGang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lianqun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - JianShi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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30
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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31
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Cai Q, Wu J, Cai Q, Chen EZ, Jiang ZY. Association between Glu504Lys polymorphism of ALDH2 gene and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117173. [PMID: 25680115 PMCID: PMC4334541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphism (also named Glu487Lys, or rs671) and cancers has been investigated. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the influence of this polymorphism on the overall cancer risk. Methods Eligible publications were retrieved according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data were analyzed using the Review Manager software (V5.2). Results A meta-analysis based on 51 case-control studies consisting of 16774 cases and 32060 controls was performed to evaluate the association between the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and cancer risk. The comparison of genotypes Lys+ (Lys/Lys and Lys/Glu) with Glu/Glu yielded a significant 20% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03–1.39, P = 0.02, I2 = 92%). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated a significantly increased UADT cancer risk (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11–1.73, P = 0.004, I2 = 94%) in individuals with the Lys+ genotypes. Subgroup analysis by country indicated that individuals from Japan with the Lys+ genotypes had a significant 38% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.12–1.71, P = 0.003, I2 = 93%). Conclusions Our results indicated that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism is a susceptible loci associated with overall cancers, especially esophageal cancer and among Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Cui F, Li K, Li Y, Zhang X, An C. Apolipoprotein C3 genetic polymorphisms are associated with lipids and coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:170. [PMID: 25380998 PMCID: PMC4232690 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disorder of triglyceride (TG) metabolism leading to hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Variants in the apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene were found to be associated with elevated TG levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two polymorphisms (1100 C/T and 3238 C/G) of APOC3 on plasma lipid and risk of CAD in a Chinese population. METHODS The study population consisted of 600 patients with CAD and 600 age- and gender-matched controls. The APOC3 gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Patients with CAD had a significantly higher frequency of APOC3 3238 GG genotype [odds ratio (OR) =1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.10, 2.43; P = 0.01] and APOC3 3238 G allele (OR =1.27, 95% CI =1.04, 1.55; P = 0.02) than controls. The findings are still emphatic by the Bonferroni correction. When stratifying by hyperlipidemia, CAD patients with hyperlipidemia had a significantly higher frequency of APOC3 3238 GG genotype (OR =1.73, 95% CI =1.13, 2.64; P = 0.01) than without hyperlipidemia. The APOC3 3238 G allele was significantly associated with increasing plasma TG levels and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels both in cases and controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The APOC3 3238 G allele might contribute to an increased risk of CAD as a result of its effect on TG and VLDL-C metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - ChangShan An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical College of Yanbian University, No, 1327 Juzi Street, Yanji 133000, China.
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Xu H, Li H, Liu J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Chen A, Zhao Q. Meta-analysis of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and susceptibility of myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104608. [PMID: 25111308 PMCID: PMC4128680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of case-control studies have been conducted to clarify the association between ApoE polymorphisms and myocardial infarction (MI); however, the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to clarify this issue using all the available evidence. Searching in PubMed retrieved all eligible articles. A total of 33 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 18752 MI cases and 18963 controls. The pooled analysis based on all included studies showed that the MI patients had a decreased frequency of the ε2 allele (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70–0.87) and an increased frequency of the ε4 allele (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10–1.20); The results also showed a decreased susceptibility of MI in the ε2ε3 vs. ε3ε3 analysis (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68–0.90) and in the ε2 vs. ε3 analysis (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69–0.89), an increased susceptibility of MI in the ε3ε4 vs. ε3ε3 analysis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12–1.41), in the ε4 vs. ε3 analysis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12–1.32) and in the ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3 analysis (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.15–2.19). However, there were no significant associations among polymorphisms and MI for the following genetic models: frequency of the ε3 allele (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96–1.02); ε2ε2 vs. ε3ε3 analysis (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.40–1.32); or ε2ε4 vs. ε3ε3 analysis (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.99–1.21). Our results suggested that the ε4 allele of ApoE is a risk factor for the development of MI and the ε2 allele of ApoE is a protective factor in the development of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqing Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (AC); (QZ)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (AC); (QZ)
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Leong DP, Smyth A, Teo KK, McKee M, Rangarajan S, Pais P, Liu L, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Infarction Risk. Circulation 2014; 130:390-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Although moderate alcohol use is associated with protection against myocardial infarction (MI), it is not known whether this effect is generalizable to populations worldwide. It is also uncertain whether differences in the pattern of alcohol use (and in particular heavy episodic consumption) between different regions negate any beneficial effect.
Methods and Results—
We included 12 195 cases of first MI and 15 583 age- and sex-matched controls from 52 countries. Current alcohol use was associated with a reduced risk of MI (compared with nonusers: adjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.94;
P
=0.001); however, the strength of this association was not uniform across different regions (region-alcohol interaction
P
<0.001). Heavy episodic drinking (≥6 drinks) within the preceding 24 hours was associated with an increased risk of MI (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.9;
P
=0.01). This risk was particularly elevated in older individuals (for age >65 years: odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–18;
P
=0.008).
Conclusions—
In most participants, low levels of alcohol use are associated with a moderate reduction in the risk of MI; however, the strength of this association may not be uniform across different countries. An episode of heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of acute MI in the subsequent 24 hours, particularly in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl P. Leong
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Andrew Smyth
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Koon K. Teo
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Martin McKee
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Prem Pais
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Lisheng Liu
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Sonia S. Anand
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
| | - Salim Yusuf
- From the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada (D.P.L., A.S., K.K.T., S.R., S.S.A., S.Y.); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (M.M.); St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India (P.P.); and Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China (L.L.)
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Wang Y, Du F, Zhao H, Yu X, Liu J, Xiao Y, Lu C, Li X, Wang Y, Wang B, Niu W. Synergistic association between two alcohol metabolism relevant genes and coronary artery disease among Chinese hypertensive patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103161. [PMID: 25047496 PMCID: PMC4105442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between six polymorphisms of four alcohol metabolism relevant genes (ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH1b1, ALDH2) and the risk of CAD in Han Chinese. Methods and Results This was a hospital-based case-control study involving 1365 hypertensive patients. All study subjects were angiographically confirmed. Genotypes were determined with ligase detection reaction method. There was no observable deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for six examined polymorphisms in controls. The genotype and allele distributions of ALDH1b1 rs2073478 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms differed significantly between the two groups (P≤0.005), even after the Bonferroni correction. The most common allele combination was A-C-C-G-C-G (alleles in order of rs1229984, rs1693482, rs2228093, rs2073478, rs886205, rs671) and its frequency was slightly higher in controls than in CAD patients (P = 0.067). After assigning the most common allele combination as a reference, allele combination A-C-C-T-C-A, which simultaneously possessed the risk alleles of rs2073478 and rs671 polymorphisms, was associated with a 1.80-fold greater risk of CAD. Further, a two-locus model including rs2073478 and rs671 that had a maximal testing accuracy of 0.598 and a cross-validation consistency of 10 (P = 0.008) was deemed as the overall best MDR model, which was further validated by classical Logistic regression model. Conclusion Our findings provide clear evidence for both individual and interactive associations of ALDH1b1 and ALDH2 genes with the development of CAD in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengxia Du
- Department of Etiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongye Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changzhu Lu
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- The Third Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (WN)
| | - Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (WN)
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Association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction: Need for Clarification of Data in a Recent Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Gu J, Li L. Reply to: ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and susceptibility to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in east asians: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:281. [PMID: 24606814 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Gu
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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