1
|
Correia JM, Pezarat-Correia P, Minderico C, Infante J, Mendonca GV. Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Aerobic Capacity, Body Composition, and Markers of Metabolic Health in Healthy Male Recreational Runners: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:1041-1050. [PMID: 38242204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal nutrition is highly valuable for athletes aiming at maintaining or improving body composition and sports performance. When combined with structured exercise, time-restricted energy intake may represent an effective nonpharmacological approach to achieving these results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of time-restricted eating (TRE) vs 4 weeks of habitual diet on aerobic capacity, body composition, and metabolic health in 18- to 30-year-old men accustomed to endurance running. DESIGN This trial used a randomized-crossover study design. Participants completed graded exercise tests, body composition scans, and fasting blood samples before and after each intervention condition. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Sixteen male physical education students were recruited and enrolled in the study from the Faculty of Human Kinetics-University of Lisbon in September 2020, in Lisbon, Portugal. One participant was excluded after 1 week because of a lack of adherence to the study protocol. Therefore, 15 participants completed the study and were involved in the final analysis. INTERVENTION During the TRE condition, participants consumed two to three meals within an 8-hour eating window (between 1:00 and 9:00 pm). Only water, tea, and coffee (without caloric additives) were permitted to be consumed in the remaining 16 hours per 24-hour period. During the non-TRE condition, participants consumed their habitual diet without any timing restrictions. The order of the TRE intervention and the habitual diet condition was randomized and counterbalanced, and participants served as their own controls. The participants followed a structured training routine during each dietary condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition variables, indices of running aerobic capacity, and markers of metabolic health were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and covariance were performed to analyze differences between conditions and time with each intervention. RESULTS Neither condition elicited observed changes in total body mass, fat mass, or fat-free mass between time points. Moreover, no significant changes were observed for markers of metabolic health. Significant improvements were obtained with both conditions for the first ventilatory threshold, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and velocity at VO2max (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of endurance running and TRE, compared with 4 weeks of endurance running and a habitual diet, in healthy trained 18- to 30-year-old male recreational runners did not result in observed differences in total body mass, fat mass, or fat-free mass. In addition, TRE did not offer any additional benefit for improving submaximal or peak exercise capacity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Minderico
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Jorge Infante
- Spertlab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Goncalo V Mendonca
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan Y, Liu J, Mai Y, Hong Y, Jia Z, Tian G, Liu Y, Liang H, Liu J. Current advances and future trends of hormesis in disease. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38750132 PMCID: PMC11096327 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hormesis, an adaptive response, occurs when exposure to low doses of a stressor potentially induces a stimulatory effect, while higher doses may inhibit it. This phenomenon is widely observed across various organisms and stressors, significantly advancing our understanding and inspiring further exploration of the beneficial effects of toxins at doses both below and beyond traditional thresholds. This has profound implications for promoting biological regulation at the cellular level and enhancing adaptability throughout the biosphere. Therefore, conducting bibliometric analysis in this field is crucial for accurately analyzing and summarizing its current research status. The results of the bibliometric analysis reveal a steady increase in the number of publications in this field over the years. The United States emerges as the leading country in both publication and citation numbers, with the journal Dose-Response publishing the highest number of papers in this area. Calabrese E.J. is a prominent person with significant contributions and influence among authors. Through keyword co-occurrence and trend analysis, current hotspots in this field are identified, primarily focusing on the relationship between hormesis, oxidative stress, and aging. Analysis of highly cited references predicts that future research trends may center around the relationship between hormesis and stress at different doses, as well as exploring the mechanisms and applications of hormesis. In conclusion, this review aims to visually represent hormesis-related research through bibliometric methods, uncovering emerging patterns and areas of focus within the field. It provides a summary of the current research status and forecasts trends in hormesis-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyin Mai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixuan Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guijie Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhuo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De la Llave-Propín Á, Martínez Villalba A, Villarroel M, Pérez C, González de Chávarri E, Díaz MT, Cabezas A, González Garoz R, De la Fuente J, Bermejo-Poza R. Environmental enrichment improves growth and fillet quality in rainbow trout. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3487-3497. [PMID: 38133882 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some environmental enrichment methods, such as occupational enrichment (OE), can improve fish growth, but little is known about its effects on fillet quality. In this study, we evaluated the effects of OE using underwater currents on different aspects of fillet quality and muscle metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), before and after a handling procedure (fasting). The trout were placed in groups of 30 in separate tanks in three treatments for 30 days: no artificial currents (CON), randomly fired underwater currents (RFC), and continuous underwater currents (CUC). Additionally, half of the individuals in each treatment were fasted (5 days, 45.2 °C days). RESULTS Slaughter weight, condition factor, and relative growth were lower in CON fish, indicating a positive effect of OE on growth. Rigor mortis, muscle pH, and muscle glycogen levels were similar among treatments, indicating no effect of OE on classical measures of fillet quality. However, significant differences were found regarding fillet colour and muscle enzymes. The fillets of RFC fish were more salmon-pink in colour, which is favoured by consumers. Also, activity levels of pyruvate kinase and glycogen phosphorylase in muscle were significantly higher in CUC fish, probably due to increased energy demands, as pumps were on continually in that treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, RFC fish seemed to have received enough stimulation to improve growth while not being excessive in terms of exhausting the animals (avoiding negative effects on muscle metabolism), whereas OE may have provided a hormetic effect, allowing fish to better adjust to fasting. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro De la Llave-Propín
- CEIGRAM-ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Martínez Villalba
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Díaz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Cabezas
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto González Garoz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús De la Fuente
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Bermejo-Poza
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jacquier EF, van de Wouw M, Nekrasov E, Contractor N, Kassis A, Marcu D. Local and Systemic Effects of Bioactive Food Ingredients: Is There a Role for Functional Foods to Prime the Gut for Resilience? Foods 2024; 13:739. [PMID: 38472851 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific advancements in understanding the impact of bioactive components in foods on the gut microbiota and wider physiology create opportunities for designing targeted functional foods. The selection of bioactive ingredients with potential local or systemic effects holds promise for influencing overall well-being. An abundance of studies demonstrate that gut microbiota show compositional changes that correlate age and disease. However, navigating this field, especially for non-experts, remains challenging, given the abundance of bioactive ingredients with varying levels of scientific substantiation. This narrative review addresses the current knowledge on the potential impact of the gut microbiota on host health, emphasizing gut microbiota resilience. It explores evidence related to the extensive gut health benefits of popular dietary components and bioactive ingredients, such as phytochemicals, fermented greens, fibres, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Importantly, this review distinguishes between the potential local and systemic effects of both popular and emerging ingredients. Additionally, it highlights how dietary hormesis promotes gut microbiota resilience, fostering better adaptation to stress-a hallmark of health. By integrating examples of bioactives, this review provides insights to guide the design of evidence-based functional foods aimed at priming the gut for resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | - Amira Kassis
- Neat Science, 1618 Chatel-Saint-Denis, Switzerland
| | - Diana Marcu
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kyriazis M, Swas L, Orlova T. The Impact of Hormesis, Neuronal Stress Response, and Reproduction, upon Clinical Aging: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5433. [PMID: 37629475 PMCID: PMC10455615 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of researchers in the biology of aging is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the aging process while developing practical solutions that can enhance the quality of life for older individuals. This involves a continuous effort to bridge the gap between fundamental biological research and its real-world applications. PURPOSE In this narrative review, we attempt to link research findings concerning the hormetic relationship between neurons and germ cells, and translate these findings into clinically relevant concepts. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Embase, PLOS, Digital Commons Network, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library from 2000 to 2023, analyzing studies dealing with the relationship between hormetic, cognitive, and reproductive aspects of human aging. RESULTS The process of hormesis serves as a bridge between the biology of neuron-germ cell interactions on one hand, and the clinical relevance of these interactions on the other. Details concerning these processes are discussed here, emphasizing new research which strengthens the overall concept. CONCLUSIONS This review presents a scientifically and clinically relevant argument, claiming that maintaining a cognitively active lifestyle may decrease age-related degeneration, and improve overall health in aging. This is a totally novel approach which reflects current developments in several relevant aspects of our biology, technology, and society.
Collapse
|
6
|
Agathokleous E, Sonne C, Benelli G, Calabrese EJ, Guedes RNC. Low-dose chemical stimulation and pest resistance threaten global crop production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162989. [PMID: 36948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance increases and threatens crop production sustainability. Chemical contamination contributes to the development of pest resistance to pesticides, in part by causing stimulatory effects on pests at low sub-toxic doses and facilitating the spread of resistance genes. This article discusses hormesis and low-dose biological stimulation and their relevance to crop pest resistance. It highlights that a holistic approach is needed to tackle pest resistance to pesticides and reduce imbalance in accessing food and improving food security in accordance with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Among others, the effects of sub-toxic doses of pesticides should be considered when assessing the impact of synthetic and natural pesticides, while the promotion of alternative agronomical practices is needed to decrease the use of agrochemicals. Potential alternative solutions include camo-cropping, exogenous application of phytochemicals that are pest-suppressing or -repelling and/or attractive to carnivorous arthropods and other pest natural enemies, and nano-technological innovations. Moreover, to facilitate tackling of pesticide resistance in poorer countries, less technology-demanding and low-cost practices are needed. These include mixed cropping systems, diversification of cultures, use of 'push-pull cropping', incorporation of flower strips into cultivations, modification of microenvironment, and application of beneficial microorganisms and insects. However, there are still numerous open questions, and more research is needed to address the ecological and environmental effects of many of these potential solutions, with special reference to trophic webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bento de Carvalho T, Barbosa JB, Teixeira P. Effectiveness and Durability of a Quaternary Ammonium Compounds-Based Surface Coating to Reduce Surface Contamination. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050669. [PMID: 37237483 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are of major concern as they have a significant impact on public health, both socially and economically. The occurrence of cross-contamination of food in household kitchens is a serious threat and the adoption of safe food practices is of paramount importance. This work aimed to study the effectiveness and durability of a commercial quaternary ammonium compound-based surface coating which, according to the manufacturer, retains its antimicrobial activity for 30 days, and is suitable for all types of hard surfaces for the prevention and/or control of cross-contamination. For that, its antimicrobial efficacy, killing contact time and durability on three different surfaces-polyvinyl chloride, glass, and stainless-steel-against three pathogens-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Acinetobacter baumannii ESB260 and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A-were tested according to the current antimicrobial treated surfaces efficacy test (ISO22196:2011). The results showed that the antimicrobial coating was effective against all pathogens with a reduction of >5.0 log CFU/cm2 in less than one minute for the three surfaces, but its durability was less than one week on all surfaces cleaned in the usual manner. Additionally, trace amounts (≤0.2 mg/kg) of the antimicrobial coating, which may migrate into food when contacting the surface, did not show cytotoxicity to human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The suggested antimicrobial coating has the potential to significantly reduce surface contamination, ensure surface disinfection and reduce the likelihood of cross-contamination in domestic kitchens, although it is less durable than suggested. The use of this technology in household settings is an attractive complement to the existing cleaning protocols and solutions that are already in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bento de Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Laboratório Associado, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diego Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Laboratório Associado, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diego Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Laboratório Associado, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diego Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee Y, Park HR, Lee JY, Kim J, Yang S, Lee C, Kim K, Kim HS, Chang SC, Lee J. Low-dose curcumin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention in young mice. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:423-437. [PMID: 36947339 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis generates new functional neurons from adult neural stem cells in various regions, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and subgranular zone (SGZ) of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Available evidence shows hippocampal neurogenesis can be negatively or positively regulated by dietary components. In a previous study, we reported that curcumin (diferuloylmethane; a polyphenolic found in curry spice) stimulates the proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) by activating adaptive cellular stress responses. Here, we investigated whether subchronic administration of curcumin (once daily at 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg for 14 days) promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and neurocognitive function in young (5-week-old) mice. Oral administration of low-dose curcumin (0.4 mg/kg) increased the proliferation and survival of newly generated cells in hippocampus, but surprisingly, high-dose curcumin (10 mg/kg) did not effectively upregulate the proliferation or survival of newborn cells. Furthermore, hippocampal BDNF levels and phosphorylated CREB activity were elevated in only low-dose curcumin-treated mice. Passive avoidance testing revealed that low-dose curcumin increased cross-over latency times, indicating enhanced memory retention, and an in vitro study showed that low-concentration curcumin increased the proliferative activity of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by upregulating NF1X levels. Collectively, our findings suggest that low-dose curcumin has neurogenic effects and that it may prevent age and neurodegenerative disease-related cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ra Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kipom Kim
- Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Z, Xu H, Li C, Yang H, Mao Y. Intermittent fasting and immunomodulatory effects: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1048230. [PMID: 36925956 PMCID: PMC10011094 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1048230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction strategy of periodic food restriction and fixed eating windows, could beneficially modify individuals by losing body weight, regulating glucose or lipid metabolism, reducing blood pressure, and modulating the immune system. Specific effects of IF and its mechanisms have not yet been assessed collectively. Thus, this systematic review aims to summarize and compare clinical trials that explored the immunomodulatory effects of IF. Methods After screening, 28 studies were included in this systematic review. Results In addition to weight loss, IF could benefit health subjects by strengthening their circadian rhythms, migrating immune cells, lower inflammatory factors, and enriching microbials. In addition of the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating macrophages, protection against oxidative stress with hormone secretion and oxidative-related gene expression plays a key beneficial role for the influence of IF on obese subjects. Discussion Physiological stress by surgery and pathophysiological disorders by endocrine diseases may be partly eased with IF. Moreover, IF might be used to treat anxiety and cognitive disorders with its cellular, metabolic and circadian mechanisms. Finally, the specific effects of IF and the mechanisms pertaining to immune system in these conditions require additional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuting He
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Changcan Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiang CH, Li SJ, Zhang TR, Chen CY. Long-term dietary restriction ameliorates ageing-related renal fibrosis in male mice by normalizing mitochondrial functions and autophagy. Biogerontology 2022; 23:731-740. [PMID: 36183304 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the kidneys age, gradual changes in the structures and functions of mitochondria occur. Dietary restriction (DR) can play a protective role in ageing-associated renal decline, however the exact mechanisms involved are still unclear. This study aims to clarify the beneficial effects of long-term DR on renal ageing and to explore the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial homeostasis. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into three groups, Young-AL (AL, ad libitum), Aged-AL, and Aged-DR (60% intake of AL). Mice were sacrificed at age of 7 months (Young) or 22 months (Aged). Heavier body and kidney weights were associated with ageing, but DR reduced these increases in aged mice. Ageing caused extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in the kidney. Giant mitochondria with looser and irregular crista were observed in Aged-AL kidneys. DR retarded these morphological alterations in aged kidneys. In addition, DR reversed the increase of MDA caused by ageing. Renal ATP level was elevated by DR treatment. Mitochondrial-related proteins were analysed to elucidate this association. Ageing downregulated the renal levels of VDAC, FOXO1, SOD2, LC3I and II, and upregulated the renal levels of MFN2 and PINK1. In contrast, DR elevated the levels of VDAC, FOXO1, and LC3I and reduced the ratio of LC3II to LC3I in aged kidneys. To conclude, impaired mitochondria, increased oxidative stress, and severe fibrosis were noticed in the aged kidneys, and DR improved these changes by increasing functional mitochondria and promoting autophagic clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rui Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carecho R, Figueira I, Terrasso AP, Godinho‐Pereira J, de Oliveira Sequeira C, Pereira SA, Milenkovic D, Leist M, Brito C, Nunes dos Santos C. Circulating (Poly)phenol Metabolites: Neuroprotection in a 3D Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100959. [PMID: 34964254 PMCID: PMC9788306 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Diets rich in (poly)phenols have been associated with positive effects on neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Several low-molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites (LMWPM) are found in the plasma after consumption of (poly)phenol-rich food. It is expected that LMWPM, upon reaching the brain, may have beneficial effects against both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and possibly attenuate cell death mechanisms relate to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of two blood-brain barrier permeant LMWPM, catechol-O-sulfate (cat-sulf), and pyrogallol-O-sulfate (pyr-sulf), in a human 3D cell model of PD. Neurospheroids were generated from LUHMES neuronal precursor cells and challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) to induce neuronal stress. LMWPM pretreatments were differently neuroprotective towards MPP+ insult, presenting distinct effects on the neuronal transcriptome. Particularly, cat-sulf pretreatment appeared to boost counter-regulatory defense mechanisms (preconditioning). When MPP+ is applied, both LMWPM positively modulated glutathione metabolism and heat-shock response, as also favorably shifting the balance of pro/anti-apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to the potential of LMWPM to trigger molecular mechanisms that help dopaminergic neurons to cope with a subsequent toxic insult. They are promising molecules to be further explored in the context of preventing and attenuating parkinsonian neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolFaculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa1150‐082LisboaPortugal
- ITQBInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780‐157OeirasPortugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolFaculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa1150‐082LisboaPortugal
| | - Ana Paula Terrasso
- ITQBInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780‐157OeirasPortugal
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica2781–901OeirasPortugal
| | - Joana Godinho‐Pereira
- ITQBInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780‐157OeirasPortugal
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica2781–901OeirasPortugal
| | | | - Sofia Azeredo Pereira
- CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolFaculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa1150‐082LisboaPortugal
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRAEUNHUniversité Clermont Auvergne63122St Genes ChampanelleFrance
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California Davis95616DavisCAUSA
| | - Marcel Leist
- In‐vitro Toxicology and BiomedicineUniversity of Konstanz78457ConstanceGermany
| | - Catarina Brito
- ITQBInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780‐157OeirasPortugal
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica2781–901OeirasPortugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolFaculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa1150‐082LisboaPortugal
- ITQBInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2780‐157OeirasPortugal
- iBETInstituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica2781–901OeirasPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Margină D. Regulation of Gene Expression through Food—Curcumin as a Sirtuin Activity Modulator. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131741. [PMID: 35807694 PMCID: PMC9269530 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sirtuin family comprises NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases, mammalian sirtuins being either nuclear (SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT6, and SIRT7), mitochondrial (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5) or cytosolic enzymes (SIRT2 and SIRT5). They are able to catalyze direct metabolic reactions, thus regulating several physiological functions, such as energy metabolism, stress response, inflammation, cell survival, DNA repair, tissue regeneration, neuronal signaling, and even circadian rhythms. Based on these data, recent research was focused on finding molecules that could regulate sirtuins’ expression and/or activity, natural compounds being among the most promising in the field. Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) can induce, through SIRT, modulation of cancer cell senescence, improve endothelial cells protection against atherosclerotic factors, enhance muscle regeneration in atrophy models, and act as a pro-longevity factor counteracting the neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta. Although a plethora of protective effects was reported (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc.), its therapeutical use is limited due to its bioavailability issues. However, all the reported effects may be explained via the bioactivation theory, which postulates that curcumin’s observed actions are modulated via its metabolites and/or degradation products. The present article is focused on bringing together the literature data correlating the ability of curcumin and its metabolites to modulate SIRT activity and its consequent beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (A.U.); (D.M.)
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Denisa Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (A.U.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Liu S, Tang M, Wang Z, Wang P, Bao Y, Li D. Biphasic effect of sulforaphane on angiogenesis in hypoxia via modulation of both Nrf2 and mitochondrial dynamics. Food Funct 2022; 13:2884-2898. [PMID: 35179529 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from a glucosinolate, glucoraphinin found in cruciferous vegetables. There are few studies that focus on the role of SFN in angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. The effect of SFN on angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms including the roles of Nrf2 and mitochondrial dynamics were investigated using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in hypoxia. SFN at low doses (1.25-5 μM) increased hypoxia-induced HUVEC migration and tube formation, and alleviated hypoxia-induced retarded proliferation, but high doses (≥10 μM) exhibited an opposite effect. Under hypoxia, the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 was up-regulated by SFN treatment. Nrf2 knockdown abrogated SFN (2.5 μM)-induced tube formation and further potentiated the inhibitory effect of SFN (10 μM) on angiogenesis. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial function, morphology and expression of dynamic-related proteins suggested that low-dose SFN protected against hypoxia-induced mitochondrial injury and alleviated hypoxia-induced fission Nrf2-dependently without affecting the expression of key effector proteins (Drp1, Fis1, Mfn1/2 and Opa1), while high concentrations (≥10 μM SFN) aggravated hypoxia-induced mitochondrial injury, fission and Drp1 expression, and inhibited Mfn1/2 expression. These findings suggest that SFN biphasically affected the angiogenic capacity of hypoxia challenged HUVECs potentially via mechanisms involving an integrated modulation of Nrf2 and mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510150, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ. Editorial Overview: Hormesis and Dose-Response. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Ruiz de Azua MJ, Cruz-Carrión Á, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Suarez M. Seasonal Consumption of Cherries from Different Origins Affects Metabolic Markers and Gene Expression of Lipogenic Enzymes in Rat Liver: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3643. [PMID: 34684644 PMCID: PMC8537345 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical composition of fruits, especially polyphenols, depends on the environmental conditions under which these fruits are cultivated and the agronomic practices followed. Therefore, the consumption of fruits from different origins, with different polyphenol signatures, could have differential effects on health. In addition, recent studies have shown that variation in the biological rhythms due to changes in the photoperiod in the different seasons differentially affect the metabolism in animal models, thus conditioning their response to food consumption. Considering all, this article evaluates the effects of consumption of sweet cherry from different sources, local (LC) and non-local (nLC), on plasma metabolic parameters and the gene expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in Fischer 344 rats under photoperiods simulating different seasons. Animals were classified into three photoperiods (L6, L12 and L18) and three treatments (LC, nLC and VH). Both the photoperiod and the treatments significantly affected the evaluated parameters. An effect of the photoperiod on triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and the mRNA concentration of crucial enzymes from the hepatic lipid metabolism was observed. Furthermore, the consumption of fruit in L12 lowered blood glucose, while the different treatments affected the hepatic expression of genes related with lipidic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.J.R.d.A.); (Á.C.-C.); (B.M.); (A.A.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parveen S. Impact of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on periodontal health. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:315-324. [PMID: 34463980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence indicates that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are among the appropriate strategies targeting factual causative factors of various inflammatory and lifestyle-related disorders. Periodontitis is a common oral inflammatory disease leading to bone loss that is associated with various systemic problems. Previous studies suggest that calorie restriction may dampen inflammation and concomitant tissue damage under inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases in nonhuman primates. However, insufficient research has been carried out to assess the effects of a calorie-restricted diet on the initiation and progression of periodontal disease in humans. This review of the literature aims to describe the general concepts of calorie restriction, its clinical implications, and related therapeutic potential in controlling periodontal inflammation. The review shows that fasting regimen groups have shown lesser bone loss because of an increase in osteoprogenitor cells than non-fasting groups. Calorie restriction dampens the inflammatory response and reduces circulating inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-1-beta in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the incorporation of this form of dietary intervention continues to be challenging in our current society, in which obesity is a major public concern. Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting can play a key role in the cost-effective resolution of periodontal inflammation as a primary prevention strategy for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Platonova EY, Shaposhnikov MV, Lee HY, Lee JH, Min KJ, Moskalev A. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extracts in terms of geroprotector criteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
20
|
Role of Melatonin in Angiotensin and Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154666. [PMID: 34361818 PMCID: PMC8347812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular utilization of oxygen leads to the generation of free radicals in organisms. The accumulation of these free radicals contributes significantly to aging and several age-related diseases. Angiotensin II can contribute to DNA damage through oxidative stress by activating the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway, which in turn results in the production of reactive oxygen species. This radical oxygen-containing molecule has been linked to aging and several age-related disorders, including renal damage. Considering the role of angiotensin in aging, melatonin might relieve angiotensin-II-induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 pathway, which is crucial in preventing the mitochondrial calcium overload that may trigger increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This review highlights the role and importance of melatonin together with angiotensin in aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Hormesis: Transforming disciplines that rely on the dose response. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:8-23. [PMID: 34297887 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article tells the story of hormesis from its conceptual and experimental origins, its dismissal by the scientific and medical communities in the first half of the 20th century, and its rediscovery over the past several decades to be a fundamental evolutionary adaptive strategy. The upregulation of hormetic adaptive mechanisms has the capacity to decelerate the onset and reduce the severity of a broad spectrum of common age-related health, behavioral, and performance decrements and debilitating diseases, thereby significantly enhancing the human health span. Incorporation of hormetic-based lifestyle options within the human population would have profoundly positive impacts on the public health, significantly reducing health care costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zia A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2021; 17:6. [PMID: 34118939 PMCID: PMC8199306 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ingram DK, Roth GS. Glycolytic inhibition: an effective strategy for developing calorie restriction mimetics. GeroScience 2021; 43:1159-1169. [PMID: 33184758 PMCID: PMC8190254 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction mimetics encompass a growing research field directed toward developing treatments that mimic the anti-aging effects of long-term calorie restriction without requiring a change in eating habits. A wide range of approaches have been identified that include (1) intestinal inhibitors of fat and carbohydrate metabolism; (2) inhibitors of intracellular glycolysis; (3) stimulators of the AMPK pathway; (4) sirtuin activators; (5) inhibitors of the mTOR pathway, and (6) polyamines. Several biotech companies have been formed to pursue several of these strategies. The objective of this review is to describe the approaches directed toward glycolytic inhibition. This upstream strategy is considered an effective means to invoke a wide range of anti-aging mechanisms induced by CR. Anti-cancer and anti-obesity effects are important considerations in early development efforts. Although many dozens of candidates could be discussed, the compounds selected to be reviewed are the following: 2-deoxyglucose, 3-bromopyruvate, chrysin, genistein, astragalin, resveratrol, glucosamine, mannoheptulose, and D-allulose. Some candidates have been investigated extensively with both positive and negative results, while others are only beginning to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald K. Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70809 USA
| | - George S. Roth
- GeroScience, Inc., 1124 Ridge Road, Pylesville, MD 21132 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Han K, Singh K, Rodman MJ, Hassanzadeh S, Baumer Y, Huffstutler RD, Chen J, Candia J, Cheung F, Stagliano KER, Pirooznia M, Powell-Wiley TM, Sack MN. Identification and Validation of Nutrient State-Dependent Serum Protein Mediators of Human CD4 + T Cell Responsiveness. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051492. [PMID: 33924911 PMCID: PMC8146063 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting and fasting mimetic diets ameliorate inflammation. Similarly, serum extracted from fasted healthy and asthmatic subjects' blunt inflammation in vitro, implicating serum components in this immunomodulation. To identify the proteins orchestrating these effects, SOMAScan technology was employed to evaluate serum protein levels in healthy subjects following an overnight, 24-h fast and 3 h after refeeding. Partial least square discriminant analysis identified several serum proteins as potential candidates to confer feeding status immunomodulation. The characterization of recombinant IGFBP1 (elevated following 24 h of fasting) and PYY (elevated following refeeding) in primary human CD4+ T cells found that they blunted and induced immune activation, respectively. Furthermore, integrated univariate serum protein analysis compared to RNA-seq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified the induction of IL1RL1 and MFGE8 levels in refeeding compared to the 24-h fasting in the same study. Subsequent quantitation of these candidate proteins in lean versus obese individuals identified an inverse regulation of serum levels in the fasted subjects compared to the obese subjects. In parallel, IL1RL1 and MFGE8 supplementation promoted increased CD4+ T responsiveness to T cell receptor activation. Together, these data show that caloric load-linked conditions evoke serological protein changes, which in turn confer biological effects on circulating CD4+ T cell immune responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthew J. Rodman
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.B.); (T.M.P.-W.)
| | - Rebecca D. Huffstutler
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Julián Candia
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Katherine E. R. Stagliano
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.B.); (T.M.P.-W.)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thresholds for carcinogens. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 341:109464. [PMID: 33823170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current regulatory cancer risk assessment principles and practices assume a linear dose-response relationship-the linear no-threshold (LNT) model-that theoretically estimates cancer risks occurring following low doses of carcinogens by linearly extrapolating downward from experimentally determined risks at high doses. The two-year rodent bioassays serve as experimental vehicles to determine the high-dose cancer risks in animals and then to predict, by extrapolation, the number of carcinogen-induced tumors (tumor incidence) that will arise during the lifespans of humans who are exposed to environmental carcinogens at doses typically orders of magnitude below those applied in the rodent assays. An integrated toxicological analysis is conducted herein to reconsider an alternative and once-promising approach, tumor latency, for estimating carcinogen-induced cancer risks at low doses. Tumor latency measures time-to-tumor following exposure to a carcinogen, instead of tumor incidence. Evidence for and against the concept of carcinogen-induced tumor latency is presented, discussed, and then examined with respect to its relationship to dose, dose rates, and the dose-related concepts of initiation, tumor promotion, tumor regression, tumor incidence, and hormesis. Considerable experimental evidence indicates: (1) tumor latency (time-to-tumor) is inversely related to the dose of carcinogens and (2) lower doses of carcinogens display quantifiably discrete latency thresholds below which the promotion and, consequently, the progression and growth of tumors are delayed or prevented during a normal lifespan. Besides reconciling well with the concept of tumor promotion, such latency thresholds also reconcile favorably with the existence of thresholds for tumor incidence, the stochastic processes of tumor initiation, and the compensatory repair mechanisms of hormesis. Most importantly, this analysis and the arguments presented herein provide sound theoretical, experimental, and mechanistic rationales for rethinking the foundational premises of low-dose linearity and updating the current practices of cancer risk assessment to include the concept of carcinogen thresholds.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
One of the best strategies for healthy brain aging is regular aerobic exercise. Commonly studied "anti-aging" compounds may mimic some effects of exercise on the brain, but novel approaches that target energy-sensing pathways similar to exercise probably will be more effective in this context. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis by focusing on biological hallmarks of brain aging.
Collapse
|
28
|
Trajano GS, Blazevich AJ. Static Stretching Reduces Motoneuron Excitability: The Potential Role of Neuromodulation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:126-132. [PMID: 33720914 PMCID: PMC7967995 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged static muscle stretching transiently reduces maximal muscle force, and this force loss has a strong neural component. In this review, we discuss the evidence suggesting that stretching reduces the motoneuron's ability to amplify excitatory drive. We propose a hypothetical model in which stretching causes physiological relaxation, reducing the brainstem-derived neuromodulatory drive necessary to maximize motoneuron discharge rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Calabrese EJ. Hormesis Mediates Acquired Resilience: Using Plant-Derived Chemicals to Enhance Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:355-381. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062420-124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an assessment of hormesis, a highly conserved evolutionary dose-response adaptive strategy that leads to the development of acquired resilience within well-defined temporal windows. The hormetic-based acquired resilience has a central role in affecting healthy aging, slowing the onset and progression of numerous neurodegenerative and other age-related diseases, and reducing risks and damage due to heart attacks, stroke, and other serious conditions of public health and medical importance. The review provides the historical foundations of hormesis, its dose-response features, its capacity for generalization across biological models and endpoints measured, and its mechanistic foundations. The review also provides a focus on the adaptive features of hormesis, i.e., its capacity to upregulate acquired resilience and how this can be mediated by numerous plant-derived extracts, such as curcumin, ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, resveratrol, and green tea, that induce a broad spectrum of chemopreventive effects via hormesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
He N, Yu L, Xu M, Huang Y, Wang X, Chen L, Yue S. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for evaluating the acetylcholinesterase effect in the aging process and dietary restriction via fluorescence imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2623-2630. [PMID: 33666613 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), as a natural intervention, not only benefits the neuroendocrine system, but also has an antiaging action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most important bioactive substances and plays a major part in choline changes in the aging process. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effect of DR on AChE in the brains of aging animals. In this study, we synthesize a NIR fluorescent probe BD-AChE for the real-time and in situ monitoring of AChE level changes in living cells and living mice, notably in brains. In situ visualization with BD-AChE verified a decrease in the AchE level in the brains of mice aging models. Evidently, the prepared probe has the excellent capability of measuring AChE variation in the brains of aging mice with DR via NIR fluorescence bioimaging, indicating that long-term DR can effectively affect AChE levels in the brain. The attenuation of AChE level in the brain of aging mice after DR could be helpful in infering the advantageous impact of DR on age-related neurodegenerative disease, as a better treatment alternative in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheelo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Poljsak B, Kovač V, Milisav I. Antioxidants, Food Processing and Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030433. [PMID: 33799844 PMCID: PMC8001021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss and/or modification of natural antioxidants during various food processing techniques and storage methods, like heat/thermal, UV, pulsed electric field treatment, drying, blanching and irradiation is well described. Antioxidants in their reduced form are modified mainly by oxidation, and less by pyrolysis and hydrolysis. Thus, they are chemically converted from the reduced to an oxidized form. Here we describe the neglected role of the oxidized forms of antioxidants produced during food processing and their effect on health. While natural antioxidants in their reduced forms have many well studied health-promoting characteristics, much less is known about the effects of their oxidized forms and other metabolites, which may have some health benefits as well. The oxidized forms of natural antioxidants affect cell signaling, the regulation of transcription factor activities and other determinants of gene expression. Very low doses may trigger hormesis, resulting in specific health benefits by the activation of damage repair processes and antioxidative defense systems. Functional studies determining the antioxidants’ effects on the organisms are important, especially as reduced or oxidized antioxidants and their metabolites may have additional or synergistic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljsak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7022; Fax: +386-1-543-7021
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Gonos ES. Dietary Restriction and Oxidative Stress: Friends or Enemies? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:421-438. [PMID: 32242468 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is well established that lifestyle and dietary habits have a tremendous impact on life span, the rate of aging, and the onset/progression of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary restriction (DR) and other healthy dietary patterns are usually accompanied by physical activity and differ from Western diet that is rich in fat and sugars. Moreover, as the generation of reactive oxidative species is the major causative factor of aging, while DR could modify the level of oxidative stress, it has been proposed that DR increases both survival and longevity. Recent Advances: Despite the documented links between DR, aging, and oxidative stress, many issues remain to be addressed. For instance, the free radical theory of aging is under "re-evaluation," while DR as a golden standard for prolonging life span and ameliorating the effects of aging is also under debate. Critical Issues: This review article pays special attention to highlight the link between DR and oxidative stress in both aging and age-related diseases. We discuss in particular DR's capability to counteract the consequences of oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Future Directions: Although DR is undoubtedly beneficial, several considerations must be taken into account when designing the best dietary intervention. Use of intermittent fasting, daily food reduction, or DR mimetics? Future research should unravel the pros and cons of all these processes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 421-438.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carvalho MR, Mendonça MLM, Oliveira JML, Romanenghi RB, Morais CS, Ota GE, Lima ARR, Oliveira RJ, Filiú WFO, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP, Oliveira-Junior SA, Martinez PF. Influence of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on myocardium apoptosis pathway and cardiac morphology of healthy rats. Life Sci 2021; 264:118697. [PMID: 33130084 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on myocardial apoptosis signaling and cardiac morphological characteristics in healthy rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SED-C), intermittent fasting (SED-IF), high-intensity interval training (HIIT-C), and high-intensity interval training plus intermittent fasting (HIIT-IF). SED-C and HIIT-C groups were treated daily with ad libitum chow; SED-IF and HIIT-IF received the same standard chow every other day. HIIT-C and HIIT-IF rats were submitted to an HIIT protocol five times a week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, functional capacity, cardiac morphology, and expression of apoptosis signaling pathways-related proteins were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS HIIT increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and the pro-apoptotic proteins AIF and caspase-3 expression, and reduced pro-apoptotic protein CYTC expression and the cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio in myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and expression of Bax, CYTC and cleaved PARP-1, and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. SMAC, ARC, and caspase-8 expression was not changed by HIIT or intermittent fasting. SIGNIFICANCE HIIT promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and modulates the apoptosis signaling pathway in healthy rat myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduces pro-apoptotic and increases antiapoptotic signaling, besides attenuating HIIT-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna R Carvalho
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Lua M Mendonça
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica M L Oliveira
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Romanenghi
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Camila S Morais
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriel E Ota
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Aline R R Lima
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J Oliveira
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Wander F O Filiú
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marina P Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Oliveira-Junior
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Paula F Martinez
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panossian AG, Efferth T, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Kuchta K, Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Heinrich M, Wu W, Guo D, Wagner H. Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:630-703. [PMID: 33103257 PMCID: PMC7756641 DOI: 10.1002/med.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine-immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose-effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress-mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress-response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging-related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress-induced and aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Department of technology of dosage formsSaint‐Petersburg State Chemical‐Pharmaceutical UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Department of BiotechnologyMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)MurmanskRussia
| | - Kenny Kuchta
- Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and PhytotherapyUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - De‐an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Musillo C, Borgi M, Saul N, Möller S, Luyten W, Berry A, Cirulli F. Natural products improve healthspan in aged mice and rats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:89-105. [PMID: 33309907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades a decrease in mortality has paved the way for late onset pathologies such as cardiovascular, metabolic or neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence has led many researchers to shift their focus from researching ways to extend lifespan to finding ways to increase the number of years spent in good health; "healthspan" is indeed the emerging concept of such quest for ageing without chronic or disabling diseases and dysfunctions. Regular consumption of natural products might improve healthspan, although the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Since preclinical studies aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these compounds are growing, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of natural products on healthspan in mouse and rat models of physiological ageing. Results indicate that natural compounds show robust effects improving stress resistance and cognitive abilities. These promising data call for further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms in more depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Borgi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Santoro A, Martucci M, Conte M, Capri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Inflammaging, hormesis and the rationale for anti-aging strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101142. [PMID: 32814129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose in this review that hormesis, a concept profoundly and systematically addressed by Mark Mattson, has to be considered a sort of comprehensive "contact point" capable of unifying several conceptualizations of the aging process, including those focused on the stress response, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation/inflammaging. A major strength of hormesis and inflammaging is that they have a strong evolutionary basis. Moreover, both hormesis and inflammaging frame the aging process within a lifelong perspective of adaptation to different types of stresses. Such adaptation perspective also suggests that the aging process is malleable, and predicts that effective anti-aging strategies should mimic what evolution did in the course of million years and that we have to learn how to exploit the great potential inherent in the hormetic/inflammatory responses. To this regard, new topics such as the production of mitokines to cope with mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as possible anti-aging target. This approach opens theoretically the door to the possibility of modulating the individual aging rate and trajectory by adopting the most effective scientifically-based lifestyle regarding fundamentally nutrition and physical activity. In this scenario Mark Mattson's lesson and personal example will permanently enlighten the aging field and the quest for a healthy aging and longevity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Carr KD. Modulatory Effects of Food Restriction on Brain and Behavioral Effects of Abused Drugs. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2363-2371. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200204141057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is achieved, in part, by metabolic signals that regulate the incentive motivating
effects of food and its cues, thereby driving or curtailing procurement and consumption. The neural underpinnings
of these regulated incentive effects have been identified as elements within the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.
A separate line of research has shown that most drugs with abuse liability increase dopamine transmission in
this same pathway and thereby reinforce self-administration. Consequently, one might expect shifts in energy
balance and metabolic signaling to impact drug abuse risk. Basic science studies have yielded numerous examples
of drug responses altered by diet manipulation. Considering the prevalence of weight loss dieting in Western
societies, and the anorexigenic effects of many abused drugs themselves, we have focused on the CNS and behavioral
effects of food restriction in rats. Food restriction has been shown to increase the reward magnitude of diverse
drugs of abuse, and these effects have been attributed to neuroadaptations in the dopamine-innervated nucleus
accumbens. The changes induced by food restriction include synaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable
AMPA receptors and increased signaling downstream of D1 dopamine receptor stimulation. Recent studies suggest
a mechanistic model in which concurrent stimulation of D1 and GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors enables
increased stimulus-induced trafficking of GluA1/GluA2 AMPARs into the postsynaptic density, thereby increasing
the incentive effects of food, drugs, and associated cues. In addition, the established role of AMPA receptor
trafficking in enduring synaptic plasticity prompts speculation that drug use during food restriction may more
strongly ingrain behavior relative to similar use under free-feeding conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Carr
- Departments of Psychiatry, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Long-term effects of early overfeeding and food restriction during puberty on cardiac remodeling in adult rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:492-498. [PMID: 32524941 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional disorders during the perinatal period cause cardiometabolic dysfunction, which is observable in the early overfeeding (EO) experimental model. Therefore, severe caloric restriction has the potential of affecting homeostasis through the same epigenetic mechanisms, and its effects need elucidation. This work aims to determine the impact of food restriction (FR) during puberty in early overfed obese and non-obese animals in adult life. Three days after delivery (PN3), Wistar rats were separated into two groups: normal litter (NL; 9 pups) and small litter (SL; 3 pups). At PN30, some offspring were subjected to FR (50%) until PN60, or maintained with free access to standard chow. NL and SL animals submitted to food restriction (NLFR and SLFR groups) were kept in recovery with free access to standard chow from PN60 until PN120. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. At PN120 cardiovascular parameters were analyzed and the animals were euthanized for sample collection. SLNF and SLFR offspring were overweight and had increased adiposity. Differences in blood pressure were observed only between obese and non-obese animals. Obese and FR animals have cardiac remodeling showing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the presence of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. FR animals also show increased expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors and of total ERK and p-ERK. The present study showed that EO leads to the obese phenotype and cardiovascular disruptions. Interestingly, we demonstrated that severe FR during puberty leads to cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
|
39
|
Avgerinos KI, Vrysis C, Chaitidis N, Kolotsiou K, Myserlis PG, Kapogiannis D. Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on cognitive function. A systematic review of RCTs. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2747-2754. [PMID: 32445136 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improvement of cognitive function may be desirable for healthy individuals and clinically beneficial for those with cognitive impairment such as from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the cognitive effects of oral saffron intake, in patients with MCI/AD and/or in non-demented individuals, by following the PRISMA guidelines. METHODS We performed a literature search on MedLine, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of oral saffron administration in patients with MCI/AD and/or in non-demented individuals. RESULTS Five studies (enrolling 325 individuals) met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included patients with MCI/AD, and one study included cognitively normal individuals. Saffron was well-tolerated in all groups. Regarding cognitively impaired patients, scores on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale or Mini mental state examination were significantly better when saffron was compared with placebo and did not differ significantly when saffron was compared with donepezil or memantine. Saffron effects on functional status were similar with its effects on cognition. CONCLUSIONS Saffron was shown to be equally effective to common symptomatic drugs for MCI/AD and resulted in no difference in the incidence of side effects, when compared with placebo or drugs. The promising results should be seen cautiously, since the evidence was derived from studies with potentially high risk of bias (ROB). RCTs with larger sample sizes and low ROB are required to definitively assess the potential role of saffron as an MCI/AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos I Avgerinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aginga, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 3001 S Hanover St, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Christos Vrysis
- 251 Hellenic Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chaitidis
- 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Kanellopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kolotsiou
- 251 Hellenic Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos G Myserlis
- 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Kanellopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aginga, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 3001 S Hanover St, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA. .,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd, 8C228, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some Substituted 5-Pyrazolones and Their Urea Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040900. [PMID: 32085429 PMCID: PMC7070565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a series of new substituted-5-pyrazolones were first synthesized, then formulated by the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to obtain substituted-4-carbaldehyde-5-pyrazolones. In the final step, when urea was reacted with formulated pyrazolones, we found that, instead of the C=N bond in azomethine form, the compounds tautomerized to form a series of novel pyrazole-4-ylidenemethylurea structures. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR, LC-MS/MS, and elemental analysis methods. The cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of substituted 5-pyrazolones and their pyrazolone-urea derivatives were investigated in metastatic A431 and noncancerous HaCaT human keratinocytes by a mitochondrial activity test. The effects of the compounds on the migration of cancerous and noncancerous cell lines were investigated by using a cell scratch assay. The General Linear Model, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v26) was used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the control and the treatment groups. Four of the nine compounds showed an antioxidant effect. All 5-pyrazolone-urea compounds showed higher toxicity (p < 0.05) in cancerous A431 cells compared to noncancerous cells at all time points. All compounds also showed a biphasic hormetic effect. Four of the nine compounds inhibited cell migration.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li X, Yang T, Sun Z. Hormesis in Health and Chronic Diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:944-958. [PMID: 31521464 PMCID: PMC6875627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
'What doesn't kill you makes you stronger'. Hormesis, the paradoxical beneficial effects of low-dose stressors, can be better defined as the biphasic dose-effect or time-effect relationship for any substance. Here we review hormesis-like phenomena in the context of chronic diseases for many substances, including lifestyle factors and endocrine factors. Intermittent or pulsatile exposure can generate opposite effects compared with continuous exposure. An initial exposure can elicit an adaptive stress response with long-lasting protection against subsequent exposures. Early-life stress can increase resilience in later life and lack of stress can lead to vulnerability. Many stressors are naturally occurring and are required for healthy growth or homeostasis, which exemplifies how 'illness is the doorway to health'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khan TA, Tayyiba M, Agarwal A, Mejia SB, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Relation of Total Sugars, Sucrose, Fructose, and Added Sugars With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:2399-2414. [PMID: 31806098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of total and added fructose-containing sugars on cardiovascular (CVD) incidence and mortality. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2018. Prospective cohort studies assessing the association of reported intakes of total, sucrose, fructose and added sugars with CVD incidence and mortality in individuals free from disease at baseline were included. Risk estimates were pooled using the inverse variance method, and dose-response analysis was modeled. RESULTS Eligibility criteria were met by 24 prospective cohort comparisons (624,128 unique individuals; 11,856 CVD incidence cases and 12,224 CVD mortality cases). Total sugars, sucrose, and fructose were not associated with CVD incidence. Total sugars (risk ratio, 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.17]) and fructose (1.08 [1.01 to 1.15]) showed a harmful association for CVD mortality, there was no association for added sugars and a beneficial association for sucrose (0.94 [0.89 to 0.99]). Dose-response analyses showed a beneficial linear dose-response gradient for sucrose and nonlinear dose-response thresholds for harm for total sugars (133 grams, 26% energy), fructose (58 grams, 11% energy) and added sugars (65 grams, 13% energy) in relation to CVD mortality (P<.05). The certainty of the evidence using GRADE was very low for CVD incidence and low for CVD mortality for all sugar types. CONCLUSION Current evidence supports a threshold of harm for intakes of total sugars, added sugars, and fructose at higher exposures and lack of harm for sucrose independent of food form for CVD mortality. Further research of different food sources of sugars is needed to define better the relationship between sugars and CVD. REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01608620.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mobushra Tayyiba
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Re-analysis of herbal extracts data reveals that inflammatory processes are mediated by hormetic mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108844. [PMID: 31600484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using data from Schink et al. (2018), a large number of herbal extracts were assessed for their capacity to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory effects based on TLR4 expression normalized for cell viability in two immune cell models (i.e., HeLa-TLR4 transfected reporter cell line, and THP-1 monocytes) applying seven concentrations (0.01-3.0%). The analysis revealed that 70-80% of the extracts satisfying the a priori entry criteria also satisfied a priori evaluative criteria for hormetic concentration responses. These findings demonstrate that a large proportion of herbal extracts display hormetic dose responses in immune cells, indicating that hormetic mechanisms mediate pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and may provide a means to guide optimal dosing strategies. The identification of doses eliciting only anti-inflammatory therapeutic activity as well as the use of dose-variable herbal extracts in the treatment of inflammatory diseases will be challenging.
Collapse
|
44
|
Some naturally occurring compounds that increase longevity and stress resistance in model organisms of aging. Biogerontology 2019; 20:583-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA), presented by Denham Harman in 1950s, proposed that aerobic organisms age due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radical induced damage that accumulates in cells over time. Since antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by electron donation, the most logical approach was to use them as supplements in order to prevent ageing. In this chapter, we will discuss the inability of antioxidant supplementation to improve health and longevity.Although many antioxidants are efficient free radical quenchers in vitro, their in vivo effects are less clear. Recent evidence from human trials implies that antioxidant supplements do not increase lifespan and can even increase the incidence of diseases. Synthetic antioxidants were unable to consistently prevent ROS-induced damage in vivo, possibly as dietary antioxidants may not act only as ROS scavengers. Antioxidants can have dichotomous roles on ROS production. They are easily oxidized and can act as oxidants to induce damage when present in large concentrations. In appropriate amounts, they can modulate cellular metabolism by induction of cell stress responses and/or activate cell damage repair and maintenance systems. Therefore, the antioxidants' beneficial role may be reversed/prevented by excessive amounts of antioxidant supplements. On the other hand, ROS are also involved in many important physiological processes in humans, such as induction of stress responses, pathogen defence, and systemic signalling. Thus, both "anti-oxidative or reductive stress" (the excess of antioxidants) as well as oxidative stress (the excess of ROS) can be damaging and contribute to the ageing processes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wahl D, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Fontana L, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, Ribeiro RV. Aging, lifestyle and dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104481. [PMID: 31136814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for most diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disease. There is emerging evidence that interventions that improve metabolic health with aging may also be effective for brain health. The most robust interventions are non-pharmacological and include limiting calorie or protein intake, increasing aerobic exercise, or environmental enrichment. In humans, dietary patterns including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and Okinawan diets are associated with improved age-related health and may reduce neurodegenerative disease including dementia. Rapamycin, metformin and resveratrol act on nutrient sensing pathways that improve cardiometabolic health and decrease the risk for age-associated disease. There is some evidence that they may reduce the risk for dementia in rodents. There is a growing recognition that improving metabolic function may be an effective way to optimize brain health during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TCP. Polyphenols as food bioactive compounds in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A critical mini-review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:290-298. [PMID: 31085194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are bioactive compounds with potential in preventing and treating several chronic disorders, mainly due to their ability to modulate key pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant signalling pathways. Although some studies have expressed concern about their efficacy in vivo, accumulating evidence has suggested that these compounds may achieve large concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, which may be important in the context of intestinal and of neurological disorders, via modulation of the "gut-brain axis". Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders in which many patients suffer from gastrointestinal impairments. Thus, in the scope of these disorders, a growing number of studies have been focused on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this mini-review, we present gathered data on gut-to-brain communication in the scope of ASD and we address the advantages of polyphenols in the treatment of these disorders, presenting the more recent preclinical and clinical data on this issue. According to most studies, dietary polyphenols can be a promising strategy for the alleviation of ASD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Serra
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Souza RS, Virginio F, Riback TIS, Suesdek L, Barufi JB, Genta FA. Microorganism-Based Larval Diets Affect Mosquito Development, Size and Nutritional Reserves in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:152. [PMID: 31024326 PMCID: PMC6465640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito larvae feed on organic detritus from the environment, particularly microorganisms comprising bacteria, protozoa, and algae as well as crustaceans, plant debris, and insect exuviae. Little attention has been paid to nutritional studies in Aedes aegypti larvae. Objectives We investigated the effects of yeast, bacteria and microalgae diets on larval development, pupation time, adult size, emergence, survivorship, lifespan, and wing morphology. Materials and Methods Microorganisms (or Tetramin® as control) were offered as the only source of food to recently hatched first instar larvae and their development was followed until the adult stage. Protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, and lipid were analyzed in single larvae to correlate energetic reserve accumulation by larva with the developmental rates and nutritional content observed. FITC-labeled microorganisms were offered to fourth instar larvae, and its ingestion was recorded by fluorescence microscopy and quantitation. Results and Discussion Immature stages developed in all diets, however, larvae fed with bacteria and microalgae showed a severe delay in development rates, pupation time, adult emergence and low survivorship. Adult males emerged earlier as expected and had longer survival than females. Diets with better nutritional quality resulted in adults with bigger wings. Asaia sp. and Escherichia coli resulted in better nutrition and developmental parameters and seemed to be the best bacterial candidates to future studies using symbiont-based control. The diet quality was measured and presented different protein and carbohydrate amounts. Bacteria had the lowest protein and carbohydrate rates, yeasts had the highest carbohydrate amount and microalgae showed the highest protein content. Larvae fed with microalgae seem not to be able to process and store these diets properly. Larvae were shown to be able to process yeast cells and store their energetic components efficiently. Conclusion Together, our results point that Ae. aegypti larvae show high plasticity to feed, being able to develop under different microorganism-based diets. The important role of Ae. aegypti in the spread of infectious diseases requires further biological studies in order to understand the vector physiology and thus to manage the larval natural breeding sites aiming a better mosquito control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Virginio
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fernando Ariel Genta, ;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Viallon M, Leporq B, Drinda S, Wilhelmi de Toledo F, Galusca B, Ratiney H, Croisille P. Chemical-Shift-Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy to Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Multi-Organs Composition Changes of a 14-Days Periodic Fasting Intervention: A Technological and Case Report. Front Nutr 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30881957 PMCID: PMC6407435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of measuring the effects of a 14-day Periodic Fasting (PF) intervention (<200 cal) on multi-organs of primary interest (liver, visceral/subcutaneous/bone marrow fat, muscle) using non-invasive advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) and imaging (MRI) methods. Methods: One subject participated in a 14-day PF under daily supervision of nurses and specialized physicians, ingesting a highly reduced intake: 200 Kcal/day coupled with active walking and drinking at least 3 L of liquids/day. The fasting was preceded by a 7-day pre-fasting vegetarian period and followed by 14 days of stepwise reintroduction of food. The longitudinal study collected imaging and biological data before the fast, at peak fasting, and 7 days, 1 month, and 4 months after re-feeding. Body fat mass in the trunk, abdomen, and thigh, liver and muscle mass, were respectively computed using advanced MRI and MRS signal modeling. Fat fraction, MRI relativity index T2* and susceptibility (Chi), as well as Fatty acid composition, were calculated at all-time points. Results: A decrease in body weight (BW: −9.5%), quadriceps muscle volume (−3.2%), Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue (SAT −34.4%; VAT −20.8%), liver fat fraction (PDFF = 1.4 vs. 2.6 % at baseline) but increase in Spine Bone Marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) associated with a 10% increase in global adiposity fraction (PDFF: 54.4 vs. 50.9%) was observed. Femoral BMAT showed minimal changes compared to spinal level, with a slight decrease (−3.1%). Interestingly, fatty acid (FA) pattern changes differed depending on the AT locations. In muscle, all lipids increased after fasting, with a greater increase of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL: from 2.7 to 6.3 mmol/kg) after fasting compared to extramyocellular lipid (EMCL: from 6.2 to 9.5 mmol/kg) as well as Carnosine (6.9 to 8.1 mmol/kg). Heterogenous and reverse changes were also observed after re-feeding depending on the organ. Conclusion: These results suggest that investigating the effects of a 14-day PF intervention using advanced MRI and MRS is feasible. Quantitative MR indexes are a crucial adjunct to further understanding the effective changes in multiple crucial organs especially liver, spin, and muscle, differences between adipose tissue composition and the interplay that occurs during periodic fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Viallon
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Leporq
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephan Drinda
- Klinik St. Katharinental, Diessenhofen, Switzerland.,Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Uberlingen, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Galusca
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Eating Disorders, Addictions & Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Helene Ratiney
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Étienne, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|