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Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado-Pascual JL, García-Caballero C, Lazaro I, Sala-Vila A, Opazo-Rios L, Mas-Fontao S, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M, Moreno JA. Intravascular hemolysis triggers NAFLD characterized by a deregulation of lipid metabolism and lipophagy blockade. J Pathol 2023; 261:169-183. [PMID: 37555366 DOI: 10.1002/path.6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis is a common feature of different clinical entities, including sickle cell disease and malaria. Chronic hemolytic disorders are associated with hepatic damage; however, it is unknown whether heme disturbs lipid metabolism and promotes liver steatosis, thereby favoring the progression to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using an experimental model of acute intravascular hemolysis, we report here the presence of liver injury in association with microvesicular lipid droplet deposition. Hemolysis promoted serum hyperlipidemia and altered intrahepatic triglyceride fatty acid composition, with increments in oleic, palmitoleic, and palmitic acids. These findings were related to augmented expression of transporters involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36 and MSR1) and deregulation of LDL transport, as demonstrated by decreased levels of LDL receptor and increased PCSK9 expression. Hemolysis also upregulated hepatic enzymes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis (SREBP2, HMGC1, LCAT, SOAT1) and transcription factors regulating lipid metabolism (SREBP1). Increased LC3II/LC3I ratio and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were reported in mice with intravascular hemolysis and hepatocytes stimulated with heme, indicating a blockade of lipophagy. In cultured hepatocytes, cell pretreatment with the autophagy inductor rapamycin diminished heme-mediated toxicity and accumulation of lipid droplets. In conclusion, intravascular hemolysis enhances liver damage by exacerbating lipid accumulation and blocking the lipophagy pathway, thereby promoting NAFLD. These new findings have a high translational potential as a novel NAFLD-promoting mechanism in individuals suffering from severe hemolysis episodes. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lazaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Rios
- Health Science Faculty, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción-Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Sebastian Mas-Fontao
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Hou X, Malainer C, Atanasov AG, Heiß EH, Dirsch VM, Wang L, Wang K. Evodiamine Lowers Blood Lipids by Up-Regulating the PPARγ/ABCG1 Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:3110-3116. [PMID: 34902249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural alkaloid evodiamine enhances cholesterol efflux from cultured THP-1-derived macrophages, but whether it has any impact on blood lipids in vivo remains unknown. In this study, the effect of evodiamine on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated in mice. Intragastric administrations of evodiamine (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant improvement of metabolic lipid profiles by reducing the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Evodiamine also significantly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic total bile acids (TBA). Mechanistically, evodiamine increased ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) mRNA and protein expression and up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in the liver. Taken together, the natural product evodiamine lowers blood lipids in HFD-fed mice likely through promoting the PPARγ-ABCG1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
| | - Clemens Malainer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Elke H Heiß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, Shandong, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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3
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Dong Y, Lin Y, Liu W, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Song W. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Inhibited ABCA1/G1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux Related to Low HDL-C in Hypertensive Pregnant Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715302. [PMID: 34393795 PMCID: PMC8355588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been reported that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates lipid metabolism by stimulating adipocyte browning, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation, and by impacting the secretion of adipokines. In our previous study, we found that the plasma ANP concentration of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) was significantly increased in comparison to that of normotensive pregnancy patients. Thus, this study’s objective was to investigate the lipid profile in patients with HDP and determine the effects of ANP on the cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. Methods: A total of 265 HDP patients and 178 normotensive women as the control group were recruited. Clinical demographic characteristics and laboratory profile data were collected. Plasma total triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared between the two groups. THP-1 monocytes were incubated with different concentrations of ANP. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) mRNA and protein were evaluated. ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (apoA-Ⅰ) and HDL, respectively, were measured by green fluorescent labeled NBD cholesterol. Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) siRNA and specific agonists of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were studied to investigate the mechanism involved. Results: Plasma TG, TC, LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly increased, and HDL-C was significantly decreased in the HDP group in comparison to the control (all p < 0.001). ANP inhibited the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. The functions of ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL were significantly decreased. NPR-A siRNA further confirmed that ANP binding to its receptor inhibited ABCA1/G1 expression through the PPAR-γ/LXRα pathway. Conclusions: ABCA1/G1 was inhibited by the stimulation of ANP when combined with NPR-A through the PPAR-γ/LXRα pathway in THP-1 macrophages. The ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux was also impaired by the stimulation of ANP. This may provide a new explanation for the decreased level of HDL-C in HDP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Dong
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
| | - Wanyu Liu
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, China
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The Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Is Exacerbated with Aging in C57B1/6 Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050487. [PMID: 33946646 PMCID: PMC8146644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic activity of HDL is mainly due to their capacity to mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). However, it is not clear to what extent this activity is affected by aging or pro-atherogenic conditions. Three and 24-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed an atherogenic diet (high fat, high cholesterol) for 12 weeks. The aged mice displayed a significant reduction in the capacity of HDL to mediate RCT (29.03%, p < 0.0006). Interestingly, the atherogenic diet significantly stimulated the RCT process in both young and aged mice (241% and 201%, respectively, p < 0.01). However, despite this, significant amounts of cholesterol accumulated in the aortas of mice fed an atherogenic diet as compared to regular chow. The accumulation of cholesterol was more marked in the aortas of aged mice (110% increase, p < 0.002). ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression on macrophages decreased significantly (52 to 37% reduction, p < 0.002), whereas their expression on hepatic cells increased significantly (up to 590% for ABCA1 and 116% for ABCG1, p < 0.002). On the other hand, SR-BI protein expression on hepatic cells decreased significantly (42.85%, p < 0.0001). ABCG5, ABCG8, and CYP7a protein expression on hepatic cells was also higher in mice fed an atherogenic diet. The increase was age-dependent for both ABCG5 and ABCG8. Our results suggest that the susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis is exacerbated with aging and is a consequence of the dysregulation of the expression levels of membrane cholesterol transporters.
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Zhang T, Shi H, Liu N, Tian J, Zhao X, Steer CJ, Han Q, Song G. Activation of microRNA-378a-3p biogenesis promotes hepatic secretion of VLDL and hyperlipidemia by modulating ApoB100-Sortilin1 axis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3952-3966. [PMID: 32226531 PMCID: PMC7086368 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). As a standard-of-care approach for hyperlipidemia, statins only reduce the risk of coronary artery disease by 20-40%, underscoring the importance of identifying molecular pathways for the design of drugs against this disorder. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been reported in patients with hyperlipidemia and CVD. This study was designed to determine the mechanism of dysregulated miR-378a-3p under the status of hyperlipidemia and evaluate how miR-378a-3p regulates hepatic secretion of VLDL. Methods: Wild-type mice kept on a high fat diet were injected with miR-378a-3p inhibitor or a mini-circle expression system containing miR-378a precursor to study loss and gain-of functions of miR-378a-3p. Mice were treated with Triton WR1339 and 35S-methionine/cysteine to determine the effect of miR-378a-3p on hepatic secretion of VLDL. Database mining, luciferase assay, and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) were used to study the mechanism of dysregulated miR-378a-3p biogenesis. Results: miR-378a-3p expression is significantly increased in livers of hyperlipidemic mice. Sort1 (sortilin 1) was identified as a direct target of miR-378a-3p. By inhibiting the function of sortilin 1 as a transmembrane trafficking receptor, miR-378a-3p stabilized ApoB100 and promoted ApoB100 secretion in vitro. Liver-specific expression of miR-378a-3p stabilized ApoB100 and facilitated hepatic secretion of VLDL, which subsequently increased levels of VLDL/LDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides. In contrast, antagonizing miR-378a-3p using its inhibitor increased hepatic expression of Sort1 and reduced hepatic export of VLDL with its consequent effects of serum lipid levels. Additional knockdown of up-regulated Sort1 in livers of mice offset the effects of miR-378a-3p inhibitor, suggesting that Sort1 was indispensable for miR-378a-3p to promote secretion of VLDL and thereby high levels of circulating VLDL/LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, oncogenic E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1) was identified as a transcriptional activator of miR-378a-3p. E2f1 knockdown, through reducing miR-378a-3p, impaired secretion of VLDL and reduced levels of VLDL/LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusions: This study defines a novel pathway of E2F1-miR-378a-3p-SORT1-ApoB100 that controls levels of circulating VLDL/LDL cholesterol and triglycerides by modulating degradation and secretion of ApoB100, and suggests the use of miR-378a-3p as a potential therapeutic target for dyslipidemia.
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Elvira-Torales LI, Martín-Pozuelo G, González-Barrio R, Navarro-González I, Pallarés FJ, Santaella M, García-Alonso J, Sevilla Á, Periago-Castón MJ. Ameliorative Effect of Spinach on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced in Rats by a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071662. [PMID: 30987167 PMCID: PMC6479744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of dietary carotenoids from spinach on the inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, liver lipid profile, and liver transcriptomic and metabolomics profiles in Sprague–Dawley rats with steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. Two concentrations of spinach powder (2.5 and 5%) were used in two types of diet: high-fat (H) and standard (N). Although rats fed diet H showed an accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, they did not show differences in the values of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and oxygen radical absorption (ORAC) in plasma or of isoprostanes in urine compared with animals fed diet N. The consumption of spinach and the accumulation of α and β carotenes and lutein in the liver was inversely correlated with serum total cholesterol and glucose and the content of hepatic cholesterol, increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and reducing cholesterol in the livers of rats fed diet H and spinach. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to the fatty liver condition occurred, and the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol increased, mainly through the overexpression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Related to liver metabolites, animals fed with diet H showed hypoaminoacidemia, mainly for the glucogenic aminoacids. Although no changes were observed in inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, the consumption of spinach modulated the lipid metabolism in liver, which must be taken into consideration during the dietary treatment of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, 95180 Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Gala Martín-Pozuelo
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-González
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco-José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marina Santaella
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Sevilla
- Anchormen, Pedro de Medinalaan 11, 1086 XK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Critical Role of the Human ATP-Binding Cassette G1 Transporter in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091892. [PMID: 28869506 PMCID: PMC5618541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) is a member of the large family of ABC transporters which are involved in the active transport of many amphiphilic and lipophilic molecules including lipids, drugs or endogenous metabolites. It is now well established that ABCG1 promotes the export of lipids, including cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingomyelin and oxysterols, and plays a key role in the maintenance of tissue lipid homeostasis. Although ABCG1 was initially proposed to mediate cholesterol efflux from macrophages and then to protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it becomes now clear that ABCG1 exerts a larger spectrum of actions which are of major importance in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Beyond a role in cellular lipid homeostasis, ABCG1 equally participates to glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling the secretion and activity of insulin and lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, there is now a growing body of evidence suggesting that modulation of ABCG1 expression might contribute to the development of diabetes and obesity, which are major risk factors of CVD. In order to provide the current understanding of the action of ABCG1 in CMD, we here reviewed major findings obtained from studies in mice together with data from the genetic and epigenetic analysis of ABCG1 in the context of CMD.
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8
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Ecto-F1-ATPase/P2Y pathways in metabolic and vascular functions of high density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein moiety. Generation of genetically modified (total body and tissue-specific knockout) mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of HDL function. Here we will review data from knockout mouse studies on the importance of HDL's major alipoprotein apoA-I, the ABC transporters A1 and G1, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid transfer protein, and scavenger receptor BI for HDL's metabolism and its protection against atherosclerosis in mice. The initial generation and maturation of HDL particles as well as the selective delivery of its cholesterol to the liver are essential parameters in the life cycle of HDL. Detrimental atherosclerosis effects observed in response to HDL deficiency in mice cannot be solely attributed to the low HDL levels per se, as the low HDL levels are in most models paralleled by changes in non-HDL-cholesterol levels. However, the cholesterol efflux function of HDL is of critical importance to overcome foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Although HDL is predominantly studied for its atheroprotective action, the mouse data also suggest an essential role for HDL as cholesterol donor for steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenals and ovaries. Furthermore, it appears that a relevant interaction exists between HDL-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and the susceptibility to inflammation, which (1) provides strong support for the novel concept that inflammation and metabolism are intertwining biological processes and (2) identifies the efflux function of HDL as putative therapeutic target also in other inflammatory diseases than atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Association between ABCG1 polymorphism rs1893590 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in an asymptomatic Brazilian population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:745-54. [PMID: 25398214 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) promotes lipidation of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, acting as an intracellular transporter. SNP rs1893590 (c.-204A > C) of ABCG1 gene has been previously studied and reported as functional over plasma HDL-C and lipoprotein lipase activity. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of SNP rs1893590 with plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a large Brazilian population. Were selected 654 asymptomatic and normolipidemic volunteers from both genders. Clinical and anthropometrical data were taken and blood samples were drawn after 12 h fasting. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins, as well as HDL particle size and volume were determined. Genomic DNA was isolated for SNP rs1893590 detection by TaqMan(®) OpenArray(®) Real-Time PCR Plataform (Applied Biosystems). Mann-Whitney U, Chi square and two-way ANOVA were the used statistical tests. No significant differences were found in the comparison analyses between the allele groups for all studied parameters. Conversely, significant interactions were observed between SNP and age over plasma HDL-C, were volunteers under 60 years with AA genotype had increased HDL-C (p = 0.048). Similar results were observed in the group with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m(2), where volunteers with AA genotype had higher HDL-C levels (p = 0.0034), plus an increased HDL particle size (p = 0.01). These findings indicate that SNP rs1893590 of ABCG1 has a significant impact over HDL-C under asymptomatic clinical conditions in an age and BMI dependent way.
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11
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Promotion of atherosclerosis by Helicobacter cinaedi infection that involves macrophage-driven proinflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4680. [PMID: 24732347 PMCID: PMC3986732 DOI: 10.1038/srep04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter cinaedi is the most common enterohepatic Helicobacter species that causes bacteremia in humans, but its pathogenicity is unclear. Here, we investigated the possible association of H. cinaedi with atherosclerosis in vivo and in vitro. We found that H. cinaedi infection significantly enhanced atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice. Aortic root lesions in infected mice showed increased accumulation of neutrophils and F4/80+ foam cells, which was due, at least partly, to bacteria-mediated increased expression of proinflammatory genes. Although infection was asymptomatic, detection of cytolethal distending toxin RNA of H. cinaedi indicated aorta infection. H. cinaedi infection altered expression of cholesterol receptors and transporters in cultured macrophages and caused foam cell formation. Also, infection induced differentiation of THP-1 monocytes. These data provide the first evidence of a pathogenic role of H. cinaedi in atherosclerosis in experimental models, thereby justifying additional investigations of the possible role of enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Oldoni
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics (F.O., J.A.K.) and Genetics (R.J.S.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Sinke
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics (F.O., J.A.K.) and Genetics (R.J.S.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics (F.O., J.A.K.) and Genetics (R.J.S.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Wang F, Li G, Gu HM, Zhang DW. Characterization of the role of a highly conserved sequence in ATP binding cassette transporter G (ABCG) family in ABCG1 stability, oligomerization, and trafficking. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9497-509. [PMID: 24320932 PMCID: PMC3880014 DOI: 10.1021/bi401285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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ATP-binding cassette transporter
G1 (ABCG1) mediates cholesterol
and oxysterol efflux onto lipidated lipoproteins and plays an important
role in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. Here, we identified
a highly conserved sequence present in the five ABCG transporter family
members. The conserved sequence is located between the nucleotide
binding domain and the transmembrane domain and contains five amino
acid residues from Asn at position 316 to Phe at position 320 in ABCG1
(NPADF). We found that cells expressing mutant ABCG1, in which Asn316,
Pro317, Asp319, and Phe320 in the conserved sequence were replaced
with Ala simultaneously, showed impaired cholesterol efflux activity
compared with wild type ABCG1-expressing cells. A more detailed mutagenesis
study revealed that mutation of Asn316 or Phe 320 to Ala significantly
reduced cellular cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol efflux conferred
by ABCG1, whereas replacement of Pro317 or Asp319 with Ala had no
detectable effect. To confirm the important role of Asn316 and Phe320,
we mutated Asn316 to Asp (N316D) and Gln (N316Q), and Phe320 to Ile
(F320I) and Tyr (F320Y). The mutant F320Y showed the same phenotype
as wild type ABCG1. However, the efflux of cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol
was reduced in cells expressing ABCG1 mutant N316D, N316Q, or F320I
compared with wild type ABCG1. Further, mutations N316Q and F320I
impaired ABCG1 trafficking while having no marked effect on the stability
and oligomerization of ABCG1. The mutant N316Q and F320I could not
be transported to the cell surface efficiently. Instead, the mutant
proteins were mainly localized intracellularly. Thus, these findings
indicate that the two highly conserved amino acid residues, Asn and
Phe, play an important role in ABCG1-dependent export of cellular
cholesterol, mainly through the regulation of ABCG1 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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14
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Clifford AJ, Rincon G, Owens JE, Medrano JF, Moshfegh AJ, Baer DJ, Novotny JA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CETP, SLC46A1, SLC19A1, CD36, BCMO1, APOA5, and ABCA1 are significant predictors of plasma HDL in healthy adults. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:66. [PMID: 23656756 PMCID: PMC3653731 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a marker-trait association study we estimated the statistical significance of 65 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 23 candidate genes on HDL levels of two independent Caucasian populations. Each population consisted of men and women and their HDL levels were adjusted for gender and body weight. We used a linear regression model. Selected genes corresponded to folate metabolism, vitamins B-12, A, and E, and cholesterol pathways or lipid metabolism. Methods Extracted DNA from both the Sacramento and Beltsville populations was analyzed using an allele discrimination assay with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry platform. The adjusted phenotype, y, was HDL levels adjusted for gender and body weight only statistical analyses were performed using the genotype association and regression modules from the SNP Variation Suite v7. Results Statistically significant SNP (where P values were adjusted for false discovery rate) included: CETP (rs7499892 and rs5882); SLC46A1 (rs37514694; rs739439); SLC19A1 (rs3788199); CD36 (rs3211956); BCMO1 (rs6564851), APOA5 (rs662799), and ABCA1 (rs4149267). Many prior association trends of the SNP with HDL were replicated in our cross-validation study. Significantly, the association of SNP in folate transporters (SLC46A1 rs37514694 and rs739439; SLC19A1 rs3788199) with HDL was identified in our study. Conclusions Given recent literature on the role of niacin in the biogenesis of HDL, focus on status and metabolism of B-vitamins and metabolites of eccentric cleavage of β-carotene with lipid metabolism is exciting for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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15
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Gautier T, de Haan W, Grober J, Ye D, Bahr MJ, Claudel T, Nijstad N, Van Berkel TJC, Havekes LM, Manns MP, Willems SM, Hogendoorn PCW, Lagrost L, Kuipers F, Van Eck M, Rensen PCN, Tietge UJF. Farnesoid X receptor activation increases cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression in humans and transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2195-2205. [PMID: 23620138 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m038141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity results in a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile. In cholestatic conditions, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling by bile acids (BA) is activated and plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are low. This study tested the hypothesis that FXR-mediated induction of CETP contributes to this phenotype. Patients with cholestasis and high plasma BA had lower HDL-C levels and higher plasma CETP activity and mass compared with matched controls with low plasma BA (each P < 0.01). BA feeding in APOE3*Leiden transgenic mice expressing the human CETP transgene controlled by its endogenous promoter increased cholesterol within apoB-containing lipoproteins and decreased HDL-C (each P < 0.01), while hepatic CETP mRNA expression and plasma CETP activity and mass increased (each P < 0.01). In vitro studies confirmed that FXR agonists substantially augmented CETP mRNA expression in hepatocytes and macrophages dependent on functional FXR expression (each P < 0.001). These transcriptional effects are likely mediated by an ER8 FXR response element (FXRE) in the first intron. In conclusion, using a translational approach, this study identifies CETP as novel FXR target gene. By increasing CETP expression, FXR activation leads to a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile. These results have clinical relevance, especially when considering FXR agonists as emerging treatment strategy for metabolic disease and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gautier
- Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne - INSERM UMR866, Dijon, France
| | - Willeke de Haan
- Department of Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Grober
- Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne - INSERM UMR866, Dijon, France
| | - Dan Ye
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Bahr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Niels Nijstad
- Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J C Van Berkel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M Havekes
- Department of Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laurent Lagrost
- Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne - INSERM UMR866, Dijon, France
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Ma CIJ, Beckstead JA, Thompson A, Hafiane A, Wang RHL, Ryan RO, Kiss RS. Tweaking the cholesterol efflux capacity of reconstituted HDL. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:636-45. [PMID: 22607224 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to increase plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or to promote egress of cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded cells (e.g., foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions) remain an important target to regress heart disease. Reconstituted HDL (rHDL) serves as a valuable vehicle to promote cellular cholesterol efflux in vitro and in vivo. rHDL were prepared with wild type apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and the rare variant, apoA-I Milano (M), and each apolipoprotein was reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine (PC) or sphingomyelin (SM). The four distinct rHDL generated were incubated with CHO cells, J774 macrophages, and BHK cells in cellular cholesterol efflux assays. In each cell type, apoA-I(M) SM-rHDL promoted the greatest cholesterol efflux. In BHK cells, the cholesterol efflux capacities of all four distinct rHDL were greatly enhanced by increased expression of ABCG1. Efflux to PC-containing rHDL was stimulated by transfection of a nonfunctional ABCA1 mutant (W590S), suggesting that binding to ABCA1 represents a competing interaction. This interpretation was confirmed by binding experiments. The data show that cholesterol efflux activity is dependent upon the apoA-I protein employed, as well as the phospholipid constituent of the rHDL. Future studies designed to optimize the efflux capacity of therapeutic rHDL may improve the value of this emerging intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I J Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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17
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Zhu R, Ou Z, Ruan X, Gong J. Role of liver X receptors in cholesterol efflux and inflammatory signaling (review). Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:895-900. [PMID: 22267249 PMCID: PMC3493071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play a central role in cholesterol metabolism. When activated, LXRs induce a series of genes that are involved in cholesterol efflux, absorption, transport and excretion. In recent studies, LXRs have also been shown to play an important role in inflammatory signaling. LXR agonists show promise as potential therapeutics, given their anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. The function of LXRs in cholesterol efflux and inflammatory signaling make them attractive as therapies for cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
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18
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Hirako S, Kim HJ, Shimizu S, Chiba H, Matsumoto A. Low-dose fish oil consumption prevents hepatic lipid accumulation in high cholesterol diet fed mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13353-13359. [PMID: 22066791 DOI: 10.1021/jf203761t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of low-dose fish oil ingestion on hepatic lipid accumulation caused after high cholesterol feeding in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed purified experimental diets consisting of 20 energy % (en%) safflower oil (SO or SO/CH), 2 en% fish oil + 18 en% safflower oil (2FO or 2FO/CH), or 5 en% fish oil + 15 en% safflower oil (5FO or 5FO/CH) with or without 2 weight % (wt %) cholesterol for 8 weeks. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly lower in groups that were fed diets containing fish oil and cholesterol than in those that were fed safflower oil and cholesterol. The hepatic mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were lower in groups fed cholesterol or fish oil. Fatty acid oxidation-related hepatic gene expressions were higher in fish oil-fed groups. Fecal cholesterol excretion was higher in all cholesterol-fed groups; cholesterol excretion was high in groups fed fish oil and cholesterol. These results suggest that low-dose fish oil diets improve lipid metabolism by modifying the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver and increasing fecal cholesterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Josai University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keyakidai 1-1, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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19
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Ji A, Wroblewski JM, Cai L, de Beer MC, Webb NR, van der Westhuyzen DR. Nascent HDL formation in hepatocytes and role of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:446-455. [PMID: 22190590 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m017079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the mechanisms of hepatic HDL formation, we investigated the roles of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI in nascent HDL formation in primary hepatocytes isolated from mice deficient in ABCA1, ABCG1, or SR-BI and from wild-type (WT) mice. Under basal conditions, in WT hepatocytes, cholesterol efflux to exogenous apoA-I was accompanied by conversion of apoA-I to HDL-sized particles. LXR activation by T0901317 markedly enhanced the formation of larger HDL-sized particles as well as cellular cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. Glyburide treatment completely abolished the formation of 7.4 nm diameter and greater particles but led to the formation of novel 7.2 nm-sized particles. However, cells lacking ABCA1 failed to form such particles. ABCG1-deficient cells showed similar capacity to efflux cholesterol to apoA-I and to form nascent HDL particles compared with WT cells. Cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and nascent HDL formation were slightly but significantly enhanced in SR-BI-deficient cells compared with WT cells under basal but not LXR activated conditions. As in WT but not in ABCA1-deficient hepatocytes, 7.2 nm-sized particles generated by glyburide treatment were also detected in ABCG1-deficient and SR-BI-deficient hepatocytes. Our data indicate that hepatic nascent HDL formation is highly dependent on ABCA1 but not on ABCG1 or SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Ji
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Joanne M Wroblewski
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Lei Cai
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Maria C de Beer
- Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deneys R van der Westhuyzen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY.
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20
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Abellán R, Mansego ML, Martínez-Hervás S, Morcillo S, Pineda-Alonso M, Carmena R, Real JT, Redon J, Rojo-Martínez G, Martín-Escudero JC, Chaves FJ. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may increase plasma LDL-cholesterol and plasma cholesterol concentrations in carriers of an ABCG1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism: study in two Spanish populations. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:900-6. [PMID: 21978921 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCG1 mediates cellular cholesterol transport, but there is very little known about the influence of ABCG1 polymorphisms on human plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or on the interactions of these polymorphisms with diet. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether interactions between PUFA intake and ABCG1 polymorphisms modulate associations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in two Spanish populations. METHODS We grounded our investigation on two general population-based studies: the Hortega study (population A) and the Pizarra study (population B). Participants included 1178 individuals (50.0% women, age range 21-85 years) and 763 individuals (66% women, age range 23-73 years) from populations A and B, respectively, without lipid lowering drugs. Subjects were genotyped for ABCG1 variants. Biochemical measurements were taken by standard procedures. Dietary intakes were estimated with a validated questionnaire. RESULTS In population A, the A allele homozygotes of SNP rs4148102 had higher TC and LDLc concentrations in subjects on a high PUFA diet than did the carriers of the G allele (242.1 ± 38.9 vs. 198.0 ± 36.0mg/dL, p = 0.003, and 149.8 ± 37.9 vs. 111.4 ± 32.1mg/dL, p = 0.005, respectively), and significant gene-diet interactions were observed (p=0.020 and p = 0.013, respectively). In population B, similar differences in TC and LDLc concentrations were also found in association with this SNP under a high PUFA diet (253.2±24.9 vs. 197.7 ± 39.9 mg/dL, p = 0.009, and 171.8 ± 20.5 vs. 120.4 ± 34.2mg/dL, p = 0.004, respectively), but the gene-diet interactions observed were not significant (p = 0.379 and p = 0.422, respectively). In the pooled populations, differences in the TC and LDLc concentrations increased (246.8 ± 32.9 vs. 198.0 ± 37.5, p = 6 × 10(-5), and 159.0±32.6 vs. 114.3 ± 33.1, p = 3 × 10(-5), respectively), and significant gene-diet interactions were maintained (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION In two Spanish populations, the ABCG1 polymorphism rs4148102 was associated with variations in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in subjects with high PUFA intakes. Carriers of the AA genotype consuming high PUFA diet showed higher plasma LDLc concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Abellán
- Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Avda Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Wang K, Edmondson AC, Li M, Gao F, Qasim AN, Devaney JM, Burnett MS, Waterworth DM, Mooser V, Grant SFA, Epstein SE, Reilly MP, Hakonarson H, Rader DJ. Pathway-Wide Association Study Implicates Multiple Sterol Transport and Metabolism Genes in HDL Cholesterol Regulation. Front Genet 2011; 2:41. [PMID: 22303337 PMCID: PMC3268595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway-based association methods have been proposed to be an effective approach in identifying disease genes, when single-marker association tests do not have sufficient power. The analysis of quantitative traits may be benefited from these approaches, by sampling from two extreme tails of the distribution. Here we tested a pathway association approach on a small genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 653 subjects with extremely high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and 784 subjects with low HDL-C levels. We identified 102 genes in the sterol transport and metabolism pathways that collectively associate with HDL-C levels, and replicated these association signals in an independent GWAS. Interestingly, the pathways include 18 genes implicated in previous GWAS on lipid traits, suggesting that genuine HDL-C genes are highly enriched in these pathways. Additionally, multiple biologically relevant loci in the pathways were not detected by previous GWAS, including genes implicated in previous candidate gene association studies (such as LEPR, APOA2, HDLBP, SOAT2), genes that cause Mendelian forms of lipid disorders (such as DHCR24), and genes expressing dyslipidemia phenotypes in knockout mice (such as SOAT1, PON1). Our study suggests that sampling from two extreme tails of a quantitative trait and examining genetic pathways may yield biological insights from smaller samples than are generally required using single-marker analysis in large-scale GWAS. Our results also implicate that functionally related genes work together to regulate complex quantitative traits, and that future large-scale studies may benefit from pathway-association approaches to identify novel pathways regulating HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport and the Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 and G1 in Mice. Lipids 2011; 46:805-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brufau G, Groen AK, Kuipers F. Reverse cholesterol transport revisited: contribution of biliary versus intestinal cholesterol excretion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1726-33. [PMID: 21571685 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is usually defined as high-density lipoprotein-mediated transport of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including cholesterol-laden macrophages in vessel walls, to the liver. From the liver, cholesterol can then be removed from the body via secretion into the bile for eventual disposal via the feces. According to this paradigm, high plasma high-density lipoprotein levels accelerate RCT and hence are atheroprotective. New insights in individual steps of the RCT pathway, in part derived from innovative mouse models, indicate that the classical concept of RCT may require modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Brufau
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Nijstad N, Gautier T, Briand F, Rader DJ, Tietge UJF. Biliary sterol secretion is required for functional in vivo reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:1043-51. [PMID: 21134376 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, mainly by promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Biliary sterol secretion supposedly represents the final step in RCT, but the relevance of this pathway has not been explored. We tested the dependency of RCT on functional biliary sterol secretion. METHODS Macrophage-to-feces RCT was studied in mice with abolished (bile duct ligation) or decreased biliary sterol secretion (adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter B4 (Abcb4)-/- mice, with and without administration of a liver X receptor [LXR] agonist) after intraperitoneal injection of (3)H-cholesterol-loaded primary macrophage foam cells from mice. Fecal tracer excretion and also fecal mass sterol excretion were measured. Metabolism and tissue uptake of HDL cholesteryl ester was assessed with HDL kinetic studies. RESULTS Bile-duct ligation completely abolished RCT from (3)H-cholesterol-loaded macrophages to feces (P < .001). In Abcb4-/- mice lacking biliary cholesterol secretion, RCT was decreased markedly; fecal (3)H-tracer excretion was almost absent within neutral sterols (P < .001) and reduced within bile acids (P < .05). LXR activation stimulated RCT in wild-type (5.5-fold; P < .001) but not Abcb4-/- mice, whereas mass fecal sterol excretion increased similarly in both models (P < .05). Kinetic studies revealed minimal uptake of HDL cholesteryl ester by the intestine, which decreased on LXR activation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Functional RCT depends on biliary sterol secretion; there is no compensatory increase in RCT via bile acids. The stimulating effect of LXR agonists on RCT requires biliary cholesterol secretion. These results have implications for therapies against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease targeting the RCT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Nijstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Edmondson AC, Braund PS, Stylianou IM, Khera AV, Nelson CP, Wolfe ML, Derohannessian SL, Keating BJ, Qu L, He J, Tobin MD, Tomaszewski M, Baumert J, Klopp N, Döring A, Thorand B, Li M, Reilly MP, Koenig W, Samani NJ, Rader DJ. Dense genotyping of candidate gene loci identifies variants associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:145-55. [PMID: 21303902 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.110.957563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be heritable, but only a fraction of the heritability is explained. We used a high-density genotyping array containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from HDL-C candidate genes selected on known biology of HDL-C metabolism, mouse genetic studies, and human genetic association studies. SNP selection was based on tagging SNPs and included low-frequency nonsynonymous SNPs. METHODS AND RESULTS Association analysis in a cohort containing extremes of HDL-C (case-control, n=1733) provided a discovery phase, with replication in 3 additional populations for a total meta-analysis in 7857 individuals. We replicated the majority of loci identified through genome-wide association studies and present on the array (including ABCA1, APOA1/C3/A4/A5, APOB, APOE/C1/C2, CETP, CTCF-PRMT8, FADS1/2/3, GALNT2, LCAT, LILRA3, LIPC, LIPG, LPL, LRP4, SCARB1, TRIB1, ZNF664) and provide evidence that suggests an association in several previously unreported candidate gene loci (including ABCG1, GPR109A/B/81, NFKB1, PON1/2/3/4). There was evidence for multiple, independent association signals in 5 loci, including association with low-frequency nonsynonymous variants. CONCLUSIONS Genetic loci associated with HDL-C are likely to harbor multiple, independent causative variants, frequently with opposite effects on the HDL-C phenotype. Cohorts comprising subjects at the extremes of the HDL-C distribution may be efficiently used in a case-control discovery of quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Edmondson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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26
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Fabre AC, Malaval C, Ben Addi A, Verdier C, Pons V, Serhan N, Lichtenstein L, Combes G, Huby T, Briand F, Collet X, Nijstad N, Tietge UJF, Robaye B, Perret B, Boeynaems JM, Martinez LO. P2Y13 receptor is critical for reverse cholesterol transport. Hepatology 2010; 52:1477-83. [PMID: 20830789 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A major atheroprotective functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to promote "reverse cholesterol transport" (RCT). In this process, HDLs mediate the efflux and transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells and its subsequent transport to the liver for further metabolism and biliary excretion. We have previously demonstrated in cultured hepatocytes that P2Y(13) (purinergic receptor P2Y, G protein-coupled, 13) activation is essential for HDL uptake but the potential of P2Y(13) as a target to promote RCT has not been documented. Here, we show that P2Y(13)-deficient mice exhibited a decrease in hepatic HDL cholesterol uptake, hepatic cholesterol content, and biliary cholesterol output, although their plasma HDL and other lipid levels were normal. These changes translated into a substantial decrease in the rate of macrophage-to-feces RCT. Therefore, hallmark features of RCT are impaired in P2Y(13)-deficient mice. Furthermore, cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y(13), stimulated hepatic HDL uptake and biliary lipid secretions in normal mice and in mice with a targeted deletion of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in liver (hypomSR-BI-knockout(liver)) but had no effect in P2Y(13) knockout mice, which indicate that P2Y(13)-mediated HDL uptake pathway is independent of SR-BI-mediated HDL selective cholesteryl ester uptake. CONCLUSION These results establish P2Y(13) as an attractive novel target for modulating RCT and support the emerging view that steady-state plasma HDL levels do not necessarily reflect the capacity of HDL to promote RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie C Fabre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unit 563, Toulouse, France
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Association of selected ABC gene family single nucleotide polymorphisms with postprandial lipoproteins: Results from the population-based Hortega study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang Y, McGillicuddy FC, Hinkle CC, O'Neill S, Glick JM, Rothblat GH, Reilly MP. Adipocyte modulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Circulation 2010; 121:1347-55. [PMID: 20212278 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.897330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose harbors a large depot of free cholesterol. However, a role for adipose in cholesterol lipidation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in vivo is not established. We present the first evidence that adipocytes support transfer of cholesterol to HDL in vivo as well as in vitro and implicate ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), but not ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), cholesterol transporters in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Cholesterol efflux from wild-type, ABCA1(-/-), SR-BI(-/-), and ABCG1(-/-) adipocytes to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and HDL3 were measured in vitro. 3T3L1 adipocytes, labeled with (3)H-cholesterol, were injected intraperitoneally into wild-type, apoA-I transgenic, and apoA-I(-/-) mice, and tracer movement onto plasma HDL was monitored. Identical studies were performed with labeled wild-type, ABCA1(-/-), or SR-BI(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast adipocytes. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on transporter expression and cholesterol efflux was monitored during adipocyte differentiation. Cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL3 was impaired in ABCA1(-/-) and SR-BI(-/-) adipocytes, respectively, with no effect observed in ABCG1(-/-) adipocytes. Intraperitoneal injection of labeled 3T3L1 adipocytes resulted in increased HDL-associated (3)H-cholesterol in apoA-I transgenic mice but reduced levels in apoA-I(-/-) animals. Intraperitoneal injection of labeled ABCA1(-/-) or SR-BI(-/-) adipocytes reduced plasma counts relative to their respective controls. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduced both ABCA1 and SR-BI expression and impaired cholesterol efflux from partially differentiated adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a novel metabolic function of adipocytes in promoting cholesterol transfer to HDL in vivo and implicate adipocyte SR-BI and ABCA1, but not ABCG1, in this process. Furthermore, adipocyte modulation of HDL may be impaired in adipose inflammatory disease states such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuZhen Zhang
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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Wiersma H, Nijstad N, Gautier T, Iqbal J, Kuipers F, Hussain MM, Tietge UJF. Scavenger receptor BI facilitates hepatic very low density lipoprotein production in mice. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:544-53. [PMID: 19723664 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is a selective uptake receptor for HDL cholesterol but is also involved in the catabolism of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins. However, plasma levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins increase following hepatic SR-BI overexpression, suggesting that SR-BI not solely mediates their catabolism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that hepatic SR-BI impacts on VLDL production. On day 7 following adenovirus (Ad)-mediated overexpression of SR-BI, VLDL-triglyceride and VLDL-apoB production rates were significantly increased (P < 0.001), whereas VLDL production was significantly lower in SR-BI knockout mice compared with controls (P < 0.05). In mice injected with AdSR-BI, hepatic cholesterol content increased (P < 0.001), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity was higher (P < 0.01) and expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)2 and its target genes was decreased (P < 0.01). Conversely, in SR-BI knockout mice, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity was lower and expression of SREBP2 target genes was increased (P < 0.01). Finally, we demonstrate in vitro in isolated primary hepatocytes as well as in vivo that cholesterol derived from HDL and taken up via SR-BI into the liver can be resecreted within VLDL. These data indicate that hepatic SR-BI expression is linked to VLDL production, and within liver, a metabolic shunt might exist that delivers HDL cholesterol, at least in part, to a pool from which cholesterol is mobilized for VLDL production. These results might have implications for HDL-based therapies against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially with SR-BI as target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen Wiersma
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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