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Wu X, Pan J, Yu JJ, Kang J, Hou S, Cheng M, Xu L, Gong L, Li Y. DiDang decoction improves mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism via the HIF-1 signaling pathway to treat atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116289. [PMID: 36822344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DiDang Decoction (DDD) is a traditional classical prescription that has been used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of DDD remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the mechanism of DDD in AS and HLP based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of DDD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database and literature mining, and the disease targets of AS and HLP were obtained from the Gencards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection genes were imported into the STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the DAVID database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Combined with the results of KEGG pathway analysis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway was selected for further in vitro experiments. RESULTS The results showed that network pharmacology predicted 112 targets related to DDD treatment of AS and HLP, and the top 10 related pathways are: Lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation, Pathways in cancer, Proteoglycans in cancer, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Alcoholic liver disease, PPAR signaling pathway, and Coronavirus disease-COVID-19. In vitro experiments showed that DDD effectively reduced lipid accumulation in FFA-treated L02 cells; DDD attenuated mitochondrial damage and reduced ROS content; DDD inhibited ferroptosis and apoptosis; DDD up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α, Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4), and Bcl2 proteins, and down-regulated expression of Bax protein. CONCLUSION DDD exerts therapeutic effects on AS and HLP through multiple targets and pathways, and improves mitochondrial function, reduces ROS content, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis by activating the HIF-1 signaling pathway, which provides reliable theoretical and experimental support for DDD treatment of AS and HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Wu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jj Jiajia Yu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jian Kang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Siyi Hou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Meijia Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cardiology, 924 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Guilin, 541002, China.
| | - Lihong Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Yue Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Liu Y, Dou C, Wei G, Zhang L, Xiong W, Wen L, Xiang C, Chen C, Zhang T, Altamirano A, Chen Y, Zhang TE, Yan Z. Usnea improves high-fat diet- and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerosis in rats by remodeling intestinal flora homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064872. [PMID: 36506546 PMCID: PMC9732435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Usnea has various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, and cardiovasculoprotective effects. Aim of the study: To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerosis (AS) activity of Usnea ethanol extract (UEE) via the regulation of intestinal flora. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of UEE was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-EOMS). Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. A high-fat diet and intraperitoneal vitamin D3 injections were used to establish a rat model of AS. After 4 weeks of treatment with UEE, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to evaluate the pathomorphology of the aorta, liver, and colon. The composition and diversity of the rat intestinal flora were determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of plasma trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), serum bile acid (BA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The protein expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in colon tissue was detected via western blotting. Results: Forty-four compounds were identified in UEE. In the rat model of AS, UEE significantly prevented calcium deposition; decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6; and increased the serum level of HDL-C. Additionally, all UEE dosages decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota while increased that of Bacteroidetes. FMO3 protein expression and TMAO levels decreased, whereas CYP7A1 protein expression and BA levels increased. The absorption of intestinal-derived LPS was minimized. Furthermore, the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin was upregulated. Conclusion: UEE ameliorated AS. The underlying mechanism was the reversal of imbalances in the intestinal flora by Usnea, thereby inhibiting calcium deposition, abnormal lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongyang Dou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liudai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmiao Wen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alvin Altamirano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Yunhui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-e Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tian-e Zhang, ; Zhiyong Yan,
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Tian-e Zhang, ; Zhiyong Yan,
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Oe Y, Vallon V. The Pathophysiological Basis of Diabetic Kidney Protection by Inhibition of SGLT2 and SGLT1. KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS 2022; 2:349-368. [PMID: 36380914 PMCID: PMC9648862 DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors can protect the kidneys of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and slow the progression towards end-stage kidney disease. Blocking tubular SGLT2 and spilling glucose into the urine, which triggers a metabolic counter-regulation similar to fasting, provides unique benefits, not only as an anti-hyperglycemic strategy. These include a low hypoglycemia risk and a shift from carbohydrate to lipid utilization and mild ketogenesis, thereby reducing body weight and providing an additional energy source. SGLT2 inhibitors counteract hyperreabsorption in the early proximal tubule, which acutely lowers glomerular pressure and filtration and thereby reduces the physical stress on the filtration barrier, the filtration of tubule-toxic compounds, and the oxygen demand for tubular reabsorption. This improves cortical oxygenation, which, together with lesser tubular gluco-toxicity and improved mitochondrial function and autophagy, can reduce pro-inflammatory, pro-senescence, and pro-fibrotic signaling and preserve tubular function and GFR in the long-term. By shifting transport downstream, SGLT2 inhibitors more equally distribute the transport burden along the nephron and may mimic systemic hypoxia to stimulate erythropoiesis, which improves oxygen delivery to the kidney and other organs. SGLT1 inhibition improves glucose homeostasis by delaying intestinal glucose absorption and by increasing the release of gastrointestinal incretins. Combined SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition has additive effects on renal glucose excretion and blood glucose control. SGLT1 in the macula densa senses luminal glucose, which affects glomerular hemodynamics and has implications for blood pressure control. More studies are needed to better define the therapeutic potential of SGLT1 inhibition to protect the kidney, alone or in combination with SGLT2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
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Dong Y, Wang P, Lin J, Han C, Jiao J, Zuo K, Chen M, Yang X, Cai J, Jiang H, Guo X, Li J. Characterization of fecal metabolome changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:575-586. [PMID: 34534066 PMCID: PMC8804979 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea or hypopnea of the upper airway, leading to increased negative intrathoracic pressure, sleep fragmentation, intermittent hypoxia during sleep, and increased risk for morbidity and mortality of affected patients. The gut microbiome plays a key role in OSA pathogenesis, and fecal metabolic profiling reflects the gut microbial functional readout and mediates host-microbiome interactions. METHODS Herein, we conducted a cohort study to explore fecal metabolic signatures distinguishing OSA (44 patients) from healthy controls (22 healthy controls) by untargeted gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Significant metabolic signatures were detected in stool samples of patients with OSA: 246 metabolites of 24 ontology classes were identified, and 48 metabolites of 6 ontology classes were shifted. An enrichment of arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and 11Z-eicosenoic acid and reduction in stearic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, gluconic acid, and α-hyodeoxycholic acid were observed in stool samples from patients with OSA. Fecal variance resulted in alterations in potential metabolic activities and was thereby strongly associated with host phenotypes, such as pulse blood oxygen saturation and apnea-hypopnea index. The prediction model based on feces metabolomics was established to distinguish OSA from healthy controls with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the metabolomic signatures of patients with OSA in feces, and the findings provide evidence of an association between metabolome and OSA. CITATION Dong Y, Wang P, Lin J, et al. Characterization of fecal metabolome changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):575-586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Lin
- Hypertension Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Han
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zuo
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Jiang
- The International Curriculum Centre, The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiheng Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Address correspondence to: Jing Li, PhD, Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100020; Tel: 86-10-85231937; ; and Xiheng Guo, MD, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100020; Tel: 86-10-85231545;
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to: Jing Li, PhD, Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100020; Tel: 86-10-85231937; ; and Xiheng Guo, MD, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100020; Tel: 86-10-85231545;
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Wu C, Jeong MY, Kim JY, Lee G, Kim JS, Cheong YE, Kang H, Cho CH, Kim J, Park MK, Shin YK, Kim KH, Seol GH, Koo SH, Ko G, Lee SJ. Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 induces GLP-1 secretion and regulates gut inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1987782. [PMID: 34674602 PMCID: PMC8632334 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1987782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are ectopically expressed in extra-nasal tissues. The gut is constantly exposed to high levels of odorants where ectopic olfactory receptors may play critical roles. Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) by azelaic acid (AzA), an Olfr544 ligand, reduces adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating fuel preference to fats. Herein, we investigated the novel function of Olfr544 in the gut. In GLUTag cells, AzA induces the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling axis and increases the secretion of GLP-1, an enteroendocrine hormone with anti-obesity effects. In mice fed a HFD and orally administered AzA, GLP-1 plasma levels were elevated in mice. The induction of GLP-1 secretion was negated in cells with Olfr544 gene knockdown and in Olfr544-deficient mice. Gut microbiome analysis revealed that AzA increased the levels of Bacteroides acidifaciens and microbiota associated with antioxidant pathways. In fecal metabolomics analysis, the levels of succinate and trehalose, metabolites correlated with a lean phenotype, were elevated by AzA. The function of Olfr544 in gut inflammation, a key feature in obesity, was further investigated. In RNA sequencing analysis, AzA suppressed LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 expression, thereby improving intestinal permeability. The effects of AzA on the gut metabolome, microbiome, and colon inflammation were abrogated in Olfr544-KO mice. These results collectively demonstrated that activation of Olfr544 by AzA in the gut exerts multiple effects by regulating GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiome and metabolites, and colonic inflammation in anti-obesogenic phenotypes and, thus, may be applied for obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Eun Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyena Kang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoi Koo
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Sung-Joon Lee Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 Plus, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vallon V, Nakagawa T. Renal Tubular Handling of Glucose and Fructose in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2995-3044. [PMID: 34964123 PMCID: PMC9832976 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule of the kidney is programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose and fructose. Glucose is taken up by apical sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 whereas SGLT5 and potentially SGLT4 and GLUT5 have been implicated in apical fructose uptake. The glucose taken up by the proximal tubule is typically not metabolized but leaves via the basolateral facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 and is returned to the systemic circulation or used as an energy source by distal tubular segments after basolateral uptake via GLUT1. The proximal tubule generates new glucose in metabolic acidosis and the postabsorptive phase, and fructose serves as an important substrate. In fact, under physiological conditions and intake, fructose taken up by proximal tubules is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic kidney, glucose is retained and gluconeogenesis enhanced, the latter in part driven by fructose. This is maladaptive as it sustains hyperglycemia. Moreover, renal glucose retention is coupled to sodium retention through SGLT2 and SGLT1, which induces secondary deleterious effects. SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing independent of kidney function and diabetes. Dietary excess of fructose also induces tubular injury. This can be magnified by kidney formation of fructose under pathological conditions. Fructose metabolism is linked to urate formation, which partially accounts for fructose-induced tubular injury, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Fructose metabolism favors glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration as urate suppresses aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and has been linked to potentially detrimental aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2995-3044, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA,Correspondence to and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence to and
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Intestinal and Hepatic Uptake of Dietary Peroxidized Lipids and Their Decomposition Products, and Their Subsequent Effects on Apolipoprotein A1 and Paraoxonase1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081258. [PMID: 34439506 PMCID: PMC8389297 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pro- and antiatherosclerotic effects have been ascribed to dietary peroxidized lipids. Confusion on the role of peroxidized lipids in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is punctuated by a lack of understanding regarding the metabolic fate and potential physiological effects of dietary peroxidized lipids and their decomposition products. This study sought to determine the metabolic fate and physiological ramifications of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) supplementation in intestinal and hepatic cell lines, as well as any effects resulting from 13-HPODE or 13-HODE degradation products. In the presence of Caco-2 cells, 13-HPODE was rapidly reduced to 13-HODE. Upon entering the cell, 13-HODE appears to undergo decomposition, followed by esterification. Moreover, 13-HPODE undergoes autodecomposition to produce aldehydes such as 9-oxononanoic acid (9-ONA). Results indicate that 9-ONA was oxidized to azelaic acid (AzA) rapidly in cell culture media, but AzA was poorly absorbed by intestinal cells and remained detectable in cell culture media for up to 18 h. An increased apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) secretion was observed in Caco-2 cells in the presence of 13-HPODE, 9-ONA, and AzA, whereas such induction was not observed in HepG2 cells. However, 13-HPODE treatments suppressed paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, suggesting the induction of ApoA1 secretion by 13-HPODE may not represent functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) capable of reducing oxidative stress. Alternatively, AzA induced both ApoA1 secretion and PON1 activity while suppressing ApoB secretion in differentiated Caco-2 cells but not in HepG2. These results suggest oxidation of 9-ONA to AzA might be an important phenomenon, resulting in the accumulation of potentially beneficial dietary peroxidized lipid-derived aldehydes.
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Cao H, Su S, Yang Q, Le Y, Chen L, Hu M, Guo X, Zheng J, Li X, Yu Y. Metabolic profiling reveals interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody treatment ameliorate lipids metabolism with the potentiality to reduce cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:16. [PMID: 33602246 PMCID: PMC7890626 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with overproduction of interleukin-17A (IL-17A). IL-17A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown clinical efficacy in psoriasis patients. Although a series of different overlapping mechanisms have been found to establish a link between psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanisms of the two types of diseases and the potential efficacy of IL-17A mAbs in amelioration of cardiovascular comorbidities remain unclear. Methods Serum samples from two study cohorts including 117 individuals were analyzed using a high-throughput UHPLC-MS platform. Non-targeted metabolic profiling analysis was first conducted with samples from 28 healthy individuals and from 28 psoriasis patients before and after 12-weeks of ixekizumab treatment in study cohort 1. Study cohort 2 was additionally recruited to validate the correlations of the identified metabolites with cardiovascular diseases. Results A total of 43 differential metabolites, including lysophospholipids, free fatty acids, acylcarnitines and dicarboxylic acids, were accurately identified in study cohort 1, and the analysis showed that lipid metabolism was impaired in psoriasis patients. Compared with healthy individuals, psoriasis patients had higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylinositols, lysophosphatidic acids and free fatty acids, but lower levels of acylcarnitines and dicarboxylic acids. The identified dicarboxylic acid levels were inversely correlated with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores (P < 0.05). The results for study cohort 2 were largely consistent with the results for study cohort 1. Moreover, the levels of all identified lysophosphatidylcholines were higher in psoriasis patients with coronary heart diseases than in psoriasis without coronary heart disease. Notably, most of these lipidic changes were ameliorated by ixekizumab treatment. Conclusion The results of this non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicate that treatment with IL-17A mAbs can not only ameliorate psoriasis lesions but also restore dysregulated lipid metabolism to normal levels in psoriasis patients. Considering that dysregulated lipid metabolism has been regarded as the critical factor in cardiovascular diseases, the recovery of lipid metabolites in psoriasis patients indicates that IL-17A mAbs might have the potential protective effects against cardiovascular comorbidities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01441-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Su
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchen Le
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunqiu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Wei D, Deng P, Tian X, He S, Li W, Wu Z. Accelerating the oxidation of pork fat by illumination and fat oil for the production of Baijiu beverage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:918-926. [PMID: 32737878 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aged pork fat, deeply oxidized pork fat soaked in basic liquor for more than half a year, is an important material in producing Chi-aroma Baijiu (CAB). With the expansion of production scale of CAB, innovative strategies for efficient production of aged pork fat are in great demand. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the lipid oxidation of pork fat and improve the productivity of aged pork fat. RESULTS Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were the main reactant; generation reactions of lipid peroxides and free fatty acids (FFAs) were two limiting steps during the preparation of aged pork fat. Processing under illumination could alleviate the first limiting step by increasing the peroxide value and p-anisidine value of pork fat to 16.22- and 28.48-fold higher than control samples and simultaneously the PUFAs were increased to 190.60 ± 0.19 g kg-1 . Soaking in basic liquor with deeply oxidized fat oil could alleviate the second limiting step by transferring FFAs from fat oil into pork fat. With more oxidized PUFAs, the acid value of the pork fat was 7.91-fold higher than that of the control. CONCLUSION Illumination and deeply oxidized fat oil could alleviate the two rate-limiting steps of lipid oxidation and improve the productivity of aged pork fat significantly. The results are highly applicable in the CAB industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyue Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Penghua Deng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Pan Asia (Jiangmen) Institute of Biological Engineering and Health, Jiangmen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songgui He
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co., Ltd, Foshan, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Li
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co., Ltd, Foshan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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10
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Liu S, Pi Z, Liu Z, Song F, Liu S. Fecal metabolomics based on mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanism of qishen granules against isoproterenol‐induced chronic heart failure in rats. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4305-4313. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
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11
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Onishi A, Fu Y, Patel R, Darshi M, Crespo-Masip M, Huang W, Song P, Freeman B, Kim YC, Soleimani M, Sharma K, Thomson SC, Vallon V. A role for tubular Na +/H + exchanger NHE3 in the natriuretic effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F712-F728. [PMID: 32893663 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00264.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of proximal tubular Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are natriuretic, and they lower blood pressure. There are reports that the activities of SGLT2 and Na+-H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) are coordinated. If so, then part of the natriuretic response to an SGLT2 inhibitor is mediated by suppressing NHE3. To examine this further, we compared the effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on urine composition and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in nondiabetic mice with tubule-specific NHE3 knockdown (NHE3-ko) and wild-type (WT) littermates. A single dose of empagliflozin, titrated to cause minimal glucosuria, increased urinary excretion of Na+ and bicarbonate and raised urine pH in WT mice but not in NHE3-ko mice. Chronic empagliflozin treatment tended to lower SBP despite higher renal renin mRNA expression and lowered the ratio of SBP to renin mRNA, indicating volume loss. This effect of empagliflozin depended on tubular NHE3. In diabetic Akita mice, chronic empagliflozin enhanced phosphorylation of NHE3 (S552/S605), changes previously linked to lesser NHE3-mediated reabsorption. Chronic empagliflozin also increased expression of genes involved with renal gluconeogenesis, bicarbonate regeneration, and ammonium formation. While this could reflect compensatory responses to acidification of proximal tubular cells resulting from reduced NHE3 activity, these effects were at least in part independent of tubular NHE3 and potentially indicated metabolic adaptations to urinary glucose loss. Moreover, empagliflozin increased luminal α-ketoglutarate, which may serve to stimulate compensatory distal NaCl reabsorption, while cogenerated and excreted ammonium balances urine losses of this "potential bicarbonate." The data implicate NHE3 as a determinant of the natriuretic effect of empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Onishi
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Rohit Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Winnie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brent Freeman
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Scott Culver Thomson
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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12
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Thach TT, Wu C, Hwang KY, Lee SJ. Azelaic Acid Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Olfactory Receptor 544. Front Physiol 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 32411005 PMCID: PMC7199515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) is ectopically expressed in varied extra-nasal organs with tissue specific functions. Here, we investigated the functionality of Olfr544 in skeletal muscle cells and tissue. The expression of Olfr544 is confirmed by RT-PCR and qPCR in skeletal muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle assessed by RT-PCR and qPCR. Olfr544 activation by its ligand, azelaic acid (AzA, 50 μM), induced mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy in cultured skeletal myotubes by induction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling axis. The silencing Olfr544 gene expression abrogated these effects of AzA in cultured myotubes. Similarly, in mice, the acute subcutaneous injection of AzA induced the CREB-PGC-1α-ERK1/2 pathways in mouse skeletal muscle, but these activations were negated in those of Olfr544 knockout mice. These demonstrate that the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by AzA is Olfr544-dependent. Oral administration of AzA to high-fat-diet fed obese mice for 6 weeks increased mitochondrial DNA content in the skeletal muscle as well. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Olfr544 activation by AzA regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Intake of AzA or food containing AzA may help to improve skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Thanh Thach
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21-PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21-PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21-PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Nie J, Zhang L, Zhao G, Du X. Quercetin reduces atherosclerotic lesions by altering the gut microbiota and reducing atherogenic lipid metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1824-1834. [PMID: 31509634 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological studies have correlated cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis with lifestyle factors such as sedentary behaviour and a high-calorie diet. Recent studies of pathogenesis have highlighted the significance of the intestinal microbiota and chronic inflammation with respect to both the onset and development of atherosclerosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the oral administration of quercetin to low-density lipoprotein receptor-null (Ldlr-/- ) mice would improve gut health by altering the gut microbiota and controlling the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites and proinflammatory mediators in the intestine and serum. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were maintained on a high-fat diet with or without oral quercetin administration for 12 weeks. Quercetin treatment suppressed body weight gains and reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus. Reduced malondialdehyde and increased interleukin 6 levels further indicated the protective effect of quercetin against immune/inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin led to decreased intestinal levels of cholesterol, lysophosphatidic acids and atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 18:1) and an increased level of coprostanol. A phylum-level microbial analysis revealed that quercetin treatment reduced the abundance of Verrocomicrobia and increased microbiome diversity and the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. A Spearman analysis revealed negative correlations of Actinobacteria with intestinal and plasma LPC 18:1 and caecal cholesterol levels and of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria with the plasma LPC 18:1 level. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the ability of quercetin treatment to reduce lipid levels, as well as the areas of atherosclerotic lesions and sizes of plaques. This treatment also altered the composition of the gut microbiota and decreased the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Oral quercetin treatment may represent a new approach to mitigating the onset and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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14
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Menezes EB, Velho ALC, Santos F, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E. Uncovering sperm metabolome to discover biomarkers for bull fertility. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:714. [PMID: 31533629 PMCID: PMC6749656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subfertility decreases the efficiency of the cattle industry because artificial insemination employs spermatozoa from a single bull to inseminate thousands of cows. Variation in bull fertility has been demonstrated even among those animals exhibiting normal sperm numbers, motility, and morphology. Despite advances in research, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the causes of low fertility in some bulls have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the metabolic profile of bull spermatozoa using non-targeted metabolomics. Statistical analysis and bioinformatic tools were employed to evaluate the metabolic profiles high and low fertility groups. Metabolic pathways associated with the sperm metabolome were also reported. Results A total of 22 distinct metabolites were detected in spermatozoa from bulls with high fertility (HF) or low fertility (LF) phenotype. The major metabolite classes of bovine sperm were organic acids/derivatives and fatty acids/conjugates. We demonstrated that the abundance ratios of five sperm metabolites were statistically different between HF and LF groups including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), carbamate, benzoic acid, lactic acid, and palmitic acid. Metabolites with different abundances in HF and LF bulls had also VIP scores of greater than 1.5 and AUC- ROC curves of more than 80%. In addition, four metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites namely alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were also explored. Conclusions This is the first study aimed at ascertaining the metabolome of spermatozoa from bulls with different fertility phenotype using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified five metabolites in the two groups of sires and such molecules can be used, in the future, as key indicators of bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Menezes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A L C Velho
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - F Santos
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - T Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - E Topper
- Alta Genetic Inc., Watertown, WI, USA
| | - A A Moura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - E Memili
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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15
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Deme P, Narasimhulu CA, Parthasarathy S. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Herbal Aqueous Extracts and Their Chemical Characterization. J Med Food 2019; 22:861-873. [PMID: 31241395 PMCID: PMC6686693 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are gaining more attention as therapeutic agents against inflammation. In this study, four different widely used herbals were selected, such as holy basil leaf, sesame seed, long pepper, and cubeb pepper. We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory action of an aqueous extract from these herbs and tested their effects on monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). MDMs were pre-treated with these extracts individually for 2 h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 h and pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed. Also, we studied the effect of these extracts on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymatic (Myeloperoxidase) and non-enzymatic (copper) reactions. All extracts attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and also were able to inhibit the oxidation of LDL. These beneficial actions of extracts led us to identify molecules present in the extracts. A liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify the chemical composition of extracts. Wide range of molecules were identified across all the extracts, short-chain organic acids, phenolic acids and derivatives, piperine and its structural homologues, eugenol, rosmarinic acid, flavonoids and their glucosides, and others. This study opens a door for future studies on non-pharmacological natural therapeutics that will be useful for consumers and producers, as well as industries utilizing bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragney Deme
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Ji X, Ku T, Li B, Li G, Sang N. Ambient fine particulate matter exposure induces cardiac functional injury and metabolite alterations in middle-aged female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:121-132. [PMID: 30784831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in older even in middle-aged populations; however, experimental evidence through intuitive metabolic analysis to confirm the age susceptibility and explain the related molecular mechanism of PM2.5-induced cardiotoxicity is relatively rare. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice (adult (4-month) and middle-aged (10-month)) were given 3 mg/kg PM2.5 every other day by oropharyngeal aspiration for 4 weeks, and then, body and cardiac parameter, containing weight data, cardiac function, ultrastructure, metabolic analysis, and molecular detection were conducted to investigate the PM2.5-induced cardiotoxicity. The results indicated that middle-aged mice were more susceptible to PM2.5, displaying slow cardiac growth, cardiac dysfunction, abnormal mitochondrial structure and function, and cardiac metabolic disorders. The altered metabolites were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. In conclusion, we speculated that the cardiac metabolic disorders may be important factors in PM2.5-induced cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial structure destruction in middle-aged mice, providing a new direction for the study of the association between PM2.5 and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Ben Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
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17
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Maes M, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Carvalho AF. In Schizophrenia, Deficits in Natural IgM Isotype Antibodies Including those Directed to Malondialdehyde and Azelaic Acid Strongly Predict Negative Symptoms, Neurocognitive Impairments, and the Deficit Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5122-5135. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Belal SA, Sivakumar AS, Kang DR, Cho S, Choe HS, Shim KS. Modulatory effect of linoleic and oleic acid on cell proliferation and lipid metabolism gene expressions in primary bovine satellite cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:324-333. [PMID: 30460114 PMCID: PMC6171434 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1517824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to elucidate the effects of linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and their combination (LA + OA) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and the lipid metabolism related gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSCs), isolated from bovine muscles. Cell viability was significantly increased with the OA and LA treatment. Furthermore, LA + OA enhanced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (10 to 100 µM), whereas it lowered at 250 µM. In addition, a cell-cycle analysis showed that 100 µM of LA and OA markedly decreased the G0/G1 phase proportion (62.58% and 61.33%, respectively), compared to controls (68.02%), whereas the S-phase cells' proportion was increased. The ratio of G2/M phase cells was not significantly different among the groups. Moreover, analyses with AO/EtBr staining showed that no apoptosis occurred. Necrosis were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining which revealed no early apoptosis in the cells pretreated with LA or OA, but occurred in the LA + OA group. We also analyzed the mRNA expression of lipid metabolizing genes such as peroxisome proliferator receptor alfa (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma (PPARγ), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT-1), and fatty-acid binding protein4 (FABP4), which were upregulated in LA or OA treated cells compared to the control group. In essence, LA and OA alone promote the cell proliferation without any apoptosis and necrosis, which might upregulate the lipid metabolism related gene expressions, and increase fatty-acid oxidation in the BSCs' lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Ahmed Belal
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Poultry Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Da Rae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbuem Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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Primary prevention of atherosclerosis by pretreatment of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice with sesame oil and its aqueous components. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12270. [PMID: 30115989 PMCID: PMC6095901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological intervention using statins and PCSK9 inhibitors have become first-line therapy in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, no agent is available for the primary prevention of atherosclerosis. However, there is an emerging hypothesis that atherosclerosis could be driven by inflammation. In this study, we tested whether pretreatment with an aqueous extract from sesame oil (SOAE), which showed potent anti-inflammatory properties without hypocholesterolemic actions, would prevent subsequent atherosclerosis development in a mouse model. RAW 264.7 macrophages and female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR−/−) mice were used for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Plasma lipids, cytokines and atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the study. RNA was extracted from the liver and aortic tissues and used for gene analysis. Pre-treatment of SOAE prevented Ox-LDL uptake by RAW macrophages and further inflammation in vitro. SOAE pre-treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions and pro-inflammatory gene expressions in LDLR−/− mice as compared to control mice. No significant change in plasma cholesterol levels was observed. A significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and VCAM1 was observed in the SOAE pre-treated animals. This is the first study that demonstrates that pre-treatment with anti-inflammatory agents, could delay/decrease atherosclerosis.
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20
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Riad A, Narasimhulu CA, Deme P, Parthasarathy S. A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:471-483. [PMID: 29237273 PMCID: PMC6034402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lipid peroxide-derived dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), by virtue of their ability to bind to calcium (Ca), might be involved in atherosclerotic calcification. We determined the ability of azelaic acid (AzA) to promote calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), identified AzA in human calcified atherosclerotic lesions, and compared its levels with control and noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS HASMCs efficiently converted 9-oxononanoic acid (ONA), a lipid peroxide-derived monocarboxylic aldehyde, to AzA. In vitro incubations of AzA micelles with HASMC resulted in the formation of Ca deposits, which contained AzA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of human control uninvolved artery, noncalcified, and calcified lesions showed significant increase of AzA in calcified lesions compared with noncalcified and control tissues. Calcified mouse atherosclerotic lesions also showed substantial presence of AzA in Ca complexes. INNOVATION This study identifies a DCA, AzA, as an integral part of the Ca complex. The study also demonstrates the conversion of a lipid peroxidation product, ONA, as a potential source of AzA, and establishes the presence of AzA in calcified materials isolated from human and mouse lesions. CONCLUSION The presence of AzA as a Ca sequestering agent in atherosclerotic lesions (i) might indicate participation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) derived products in calcification, (ii) explain the potential correlation between calcification and overall plaque burden (as Ox-LDL has been suggested to be involved in atherogenesis), (iii) could contribute to plaque stabilization via its anti-inflammatory actions, and (iv) might explain why antioxidants failed to affect atherosclerosis in clinical studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 471-483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Pragney Deme
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
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Garelnabi M, Ainsworth G, Mahini H, Jamil N, Ochin C. Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acid Modulates Plasma Lipids beyond Triglycerides Metabolism. J Lipids 2017; 2017:1645828. [PMID: 29318046 PMCID: PMC5727721 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1645828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Previous work has shown that short-term supplementations of mouse chow with oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) significantly reduce the level of plasma triglycerides. STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effects of longer-term supplementation of mouse chow with various concentrations of oxidized linoleic acid (OxLA) on plasma triglycerides. STUDY DESIGN The study consisted of forty C57BL/6 wildtype mice divided into four groups (n = 10). Two groups were kept as controls. One control group (P) was fed plain chow and the second control group (C) was fed chow supplemented with linoleic acid. The other two experimental groups (A) and (B) were fed oxidized linoleic acid supplemented chow in the following doses: 9 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid and 18 mg/day of oxidized linoleic acid/mouse. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Mice that were on a diet supplemented with the higher dose of oxidized linoleic acid showed a 39% decrease in hepatic PPAR-α and a significant decrease in the plasma HDL levels compared to the mice that were fed diets of plain and linoleic acid supplemented chow. Interestingly, the longer-term consumption of oxidized linoleic acid may predispose to atheropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Halleh Mahini
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Naseeha Jamil
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Chinedu Ochin
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
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Wu C, Hwang SH, Jia Y, Choi J, Kim YJ, Choi D, Pathiraja D, Choi IG, Koo SH, Lee SJ. Olfactory receptor 544 reduces adiposity by steering fuel preference toward fats. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4118-4123. [PMID: 28990936 DOI: 10.1172/jci89344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are present in tissues outside the olfactory system; however, the function of these receptors remains relatively unknown. Here, we determined that olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) is highly expressed in the liver and adipose tissue of mice and regulates cellular energy metabolism and obesity. Azelaic acid (AzA), an Olfr544 ligand, specifically induced PKA-dependent lipolysis in adipocytes and promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ketogenesis in liver, thus shifting the fuel preference to fats. After 6 weeks of administration, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a marked reduction in adiposity. AzA treatment induced expression of PPAR-α and genes required for FAO in the liver and induced the expression of PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1a) and uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, treatment with AzA increased insulin sensitivity and ketone body levels. This led to a reduction in the respiratory quotient and an increase in the FAO rate, as indicated by indirect calorimetry. AzA treatment had similar antiobesogenic effects in HFD-fed ob/ob mice. Importantly, AzA-associated metabolic changes were completely abrogated in HFD-fed Olfr544-/- mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that Olfr544 orchestrates the metabolic interplay between the liver and adipose tissue, mobilizing stored fats from adipose tissue and shifting the fuel preference to fats in the liver and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dahee Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ma N, Yang Y, Liu X, Kong X, Li S, Qin Z, Jiao Z, Li J. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomic studies on the intervention effects of aspirin eugenol ester in atherosclerosis hamsters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10544. [PMID: 28874840 PMCID: PMC5585262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the pro-drug principle, aspirin and eugenol were used to synthesize aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) by esterification reaction. In present study, the anti-atherosclerosis effects of AEE were investigated in hamsters with the utilization of metabonomic approach based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Biochemical parameters and histopathological injures in stomach, liver and aorta were evaluated. In atherosclerotic hamster, oral administration of AEE normalized biochemical profile such as reducing TG, TCH and LDL, and significantly reduced body weight gain, alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved pathological lesions in aorta. Slight damages in stomach mucous were found in AEE group. Plasma and urine samples in control, model and AEE groups were scattered in the partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) score plots. Thirteen endogenous metabolites in plasma such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), leucine and valine, and seventeen endogenous metabolites in urine such as citric acid, phenol sulphate and phenylacetylglycine were selected as potential biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis. They were considered to be in response to anti-atherosclerosis effects of AEE, mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. This study extended the understanding of endogenous alterations of atherosclerosis and offered insights into the pharmacodynamic activity of AEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Kong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zenghua Jiao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Fernandez-Ruiz I, Selvarajan K, Jiang X, Sengupta B, Riad A, Parthasarathy S. Atherosclerosis--do we know enough already to prevent it? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:92-102. [PMID: 26974701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have briefly summarized the characteristics of lipids and lipoproteins and the atherosclerotic process. The development of atherosclerosis is a continuous process that involves numerous cellular and acellular processes that influence the behavior of each other. These include oxidative stress, lipoprotein modifications, macrophage polarization, macrophage lipid accumulation, generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory components, calcification, cellular growth and proliferation, and plaque rupture. The precise role(s) of many of these are unknown. Understanding the events at each particular stage might shed more light onto the process as a whole and could potentially reveal targets for intervention. Therapeutic modalities that work at one stage may have little to no influence on other stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Fernandez-Ruiz
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Krithika Selvarajan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Xeuting Jiang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Bhaswati Sengupta
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States.
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Muthulakshmi S, Chakrabarti AK, Mukherjee S. Gene expression profile of high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice: in search of potential role of azelaic acid. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:29-42. [PMID: 25575741 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) elevates circulatory fatty acids and influences glucose and fat metabolism. Azelaic acid (AzA), a naturally occurring α,ω-dicarboxylic acid in wheat, rye, barley, oat seeds and sorghum, has been reported to exert antidiabetic effects in HFD-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) C57BL/6J mice. The present study was undertaken to identify the genes that are differentially modulated by treatment with AzA in HFD-fed mice. Mice were fed HFD for 10 weeks and subjected to intragastric administration of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) of AzA daily along with HFD from 11 to 15 weeks. Lipid profile, adipokines and cytokines were examined in the plasma/liver of mice. Whole genome profiling was performed in the liver of mice using microarray and validated by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. HFD intake resulted in significantly elevated lipids (except high-density lipoproteins), resistin, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 with marked reduction in adiponectin. Administration of AzA to HFD-fed mice significantly restored the lipids, adipokines and cytokines to near normal. Transcript profiling revealed that HFD intake activated the genes involved in stress response, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Treatment with AzA caused increased expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, receptor-mediated signalling, transcription, protein modification and insulin signal transduction. AzA activates insulin signal molecules leading to insulin sensitivity. The ability of AzA to modulate the expression of these genes supports the notion that AzA is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of insulin resistance associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Muthulakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India,
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Kamble P, Litvinov D, Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Jiang X, Parthasarathy S. Aspirin may influence cellular energy status. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 749:12-9. [PMID: 25557764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our previous findings, we have demonstrated that aspirin/acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) might induce sirtuins via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah receptor). Induction effects included an increase in cellular paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression. As predicted, ASA and salicylic acid (SA) treatment resulted in generation of H2O2, which is known to be an inducer of mitochondrial gene Sirt4 and other downstream target genes of Sirt1. Our current mass spectroscopic studies further confirm the metabolism of the drugs ASA and SA. Our studies show that HepG2 cells readily converted ASA to SA, which was then metabolized to 2,3-DHBA. HepG2 cells transfected with aryl hydrocarbon receptor siRNA upon treatment with SA showed the absence of a DHBA peak as measured by LC-MS/MS. MS studies for Sirt1 action also showed a peak at 180.9 m/z for the deacetylated and chlorinated product formed from N-acetyl lε-lysine. Thus an increase in Sirt4, Nrf2, Tfam, UCP1, eNOS, HO1 and STAT3 genes could profoundly affect mitochondrial function, cholesterol homeostasis, and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting that ASA could be beneficial beyond simply its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kamble
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Dmitry Litvinov
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Xueting Jiang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
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Garelnabi M, Mahini H, Wilson T. Quercetin intake with exercise modulates lipoprotein metabolism and reduces atherosclerosis plaque formation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:22. [PMID: 24890098 PMCID: PMC4041042 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives We proposed that mice supplemented with quercetin, a class of flavonoids known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, will have profound effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis when combined with exercise. Study design Forty C57BL6 LDLr −/− mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): control untreated (NN); control group supplemented with 100 μg/day of quercetin (NQ); exercise group (EN); and exercise group supplemented with 100 μg/day of quercetin (EQ). All animals were fed atherogenic diet. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 15 m/min for 5 days/week for 30 days. After 30 day animals were sacrificed and tissues were harvested. Results and conclusion Mice supplemented with quercetin during exercise sessions had 78% atherosclerotic plaque reduction compared to control mice and 40% less atherosclerotic plaque formation compared to control group supplemented with quercetin. The manifestation of the combination of quercetin supplementation with exercise was more evident in the pro-reverse cholesterol transport genes, indicating a plausible mechanism for their combined beneficial effect. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), is multifactorial and therefore its treatment approaches and the ability to regress the plaque are complicated. Data from research on animal models and clinical studies have indicated that moderate daily exercise can alleviate the risk for the development of atherosclerotic plaques, while the same has not been true for the supplementation of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4 01854, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Halleh Mahini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4 01854, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Wilson
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4 01854, Lowell, MA, USA
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Murri M, Insenser M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Metabolomics in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 429:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reis CP, Martinho N, Rosado C, Fernandes AS, Roberto A. Design of polymeric nanoparticles and its applications as drug delivery systems for acne treatment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:409-17. [PMID: 23480566 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.767826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate a formulation made of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing azelaic acid for potential acne treatment. METHODS Azelaic acid-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous emulsification processes using poloxamer 188 as stabilizer. Several manufacturing parameters such as stirring rate, concentration of stabilizer and different recovery methods were investigated. Nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics and permeation kinetics in vitro. Furthermore, in vitro toxicological studies were performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. RESULTS The results showed that by adjusting some formulation conditions it was possible to obtain nanoparticles with high loading and a controlled drug release. Freeze-dried recovery altered the nanoparticles structure by enhancing porous structures and mannitol was required to control the mean particle size. The centrifugation recovery was found to be the best approach to nanoparticles recovery. Similar toxicity profiles were observed for both drug-free and azelaic acid-loaded nanoparticles, with concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability. CONCLUSION These results indicate a potential formulation for controlled release delivery of azelaic acid to the follicular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinto Reis
- Universidade Lusófona (CBIOS - Laboratory of Nanoscience and Biomedical Nanotechnology) , Campo Grande 376, Lisboa , Portugal
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Ciborowski M, Lipska A, Godzien J, Ferrarini A, Korsak J, Radziwon P, Tomasiak M, Barbas C. Combination of LC-MS- and GC-MS-based metabolomics to study the effect of ozonated autohemotherapy on human blood. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:6231-41. [PMID: 23148940 DOI: 10.1021/pr3008946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozonated autohemotherapy (O3-AHT) is a medical approach during which blood obtained from the patient is ozonated and injected back into the body. Despite an increasing number of evidence that O3-AHT is safe, this type of therapy remains controversial. To extend knowledge about the changes in blood evoked by O3-AHT, LC-MS- and GC-MS-based metabolic fingerprinting was used to compare plasma samples obtained from blood before and after the treatment with potentially therapeutic concentrations of ozone. The procedure was performed in PVC bags utilized for blood storage to study also possible interactions between ozone and plastic. By use of GC-MS, an increase in lactic acid and pyruvic acid was observed, which indicated an increased rate of glycolysis. With LC-MS, changes in plasma antioxidants were observed. Moreover, concentrations of lipid oxidation products (LOP) and lysophospholipids were increased after ozone treatment. This is the first report of increased LOPs metabolites after ozonation of blood. Seven metabolites detected by LC-QTOF-MS only in ozonated samples could be considered as novel biomarkers of oxidative stress. Several plasticizers have been detected by both techniques in blood stored in PVC bags. PVC is known to be an ozone resistant material, but ozonation of blood in PVC bags stimulates leaching of plasticizers into the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ciborowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Pan Z, Wang J, Tang H, Li L, Lv J, Han C, Xia L, Xu F. Effects of linoleate on cell viability and lipid metabolic homeostasis in goose primary hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feeding a thermally oxidised fat inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aortic root of LDL receptor-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:190-9. [PMID: 20854700 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Activators of PPARα have been demonstrated to inhibit atherosclerosis development due to lipid lowering in plasma and direct protective effects on the vasculature. Because dietary oxidised fats (OF) have strong PPARα-activating and lipid-lowering properties, we hypothesised that dietary OF has also an inhibitory influence on atherosclerosis development. To verify our hypothesis, we investigated the effect of feeding diets containing an OF (a 92 : 8 mixture of heated (170°C, 48 h) hydrogenated palm fat and fresh sunflower oil) compared with a fresh fat (fresh hydrogenated palm fat) on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR- / - ) mice. We observed that a dietary OF caused a strong up-regulation of PPARα-regulated genes in the liver and a marked reduction in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and TAG (P < 0·05). Cross-sectional lesion area and the lipids and collagen levels in the aortic root were approximately 40-50 % lower in mice fed diets containing OF than in those fed diets containing fresh fat (P < 0·05). Immunohistochemical analysis of aortic root sections revealed an about 8-fold increased expression of PPARα and a markedly reduced expression of the proinflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific marker α-actin in LDLR- / - mice fed OF (P < 0·05). We postulate that OF exert anti-atherogenic effects by activation of PPARα both in the liver, which contributes to lipid lowering in plasma, and in the vasculature, which inhibits pro-atherogenic events such as monocyte recruitment and SMC proliferation and migration.
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