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Jang DK, Nam HS, Park M, Kim YH. Differences in Associated Factors of Sedentary Behavior by Diabetes Mellitus Status: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5453. [PMID: 37685520 PMCID: PMC10487791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the lifestyle and comorbidity factors associated with sedentary behavior by diabetes mellitus (DM) status. A total of 17,832 participants aged ≥50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Factors associated with long sedentary time (LST, ≥420 min/day) in individuals with and without DM (non-DM) were assessed. Among individuals with DM, LST was independently associated with excessive alcohol drinking (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74) and cardiovascular disease (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). In individuals without DM, cancer (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.44) and past smoking (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.35) were independently associated with LST. Obesity (DM: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.54; non-DM: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.37), insufficient aerobic exercise (DM: OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.30-1.84; non-DM: OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.37-1.63), current smoking (DM: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11-2.05; non-DM: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.45), and arthritis (DM: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04-1.56; non-DM: OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.27) were consistently associated with LST regardless of DM status. To reduce sedentary behavior time, it is important to consider an individual's diabetes status and adopt a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Seok Nam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras al Khaimah 6365, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeo Hyung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Qiu S, Cai X, Yuan Y, Xie B, Sun Z, Wu T. Is imaging-based muscle quantity associated with risk of diabetes? A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 189:109939. [PMID: 35662615 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Greater muscle quantity (muscle mass and area) is associated with better glycemic control in adults, but its longitudinal association with risk of diabetes remains debatable. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to address this issue. METHODS We performed a literature search and included cohort studies that measured muscle quantity objectively by imaging-based approaches and reported their association with risk of diabetes. Study-specific data were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Thirty-three unique datasets, with 10 on total muscle quantity, and 23 on regional (8 on appendicular, 4 on leg, 6 on thigh, and 5 on abdominal) muscle quantity, were included. Muscle quantity was all measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography. Most datasets revealed nonsignificant outcomes. Meta-analysis showed collectively that the risk of diabetes was not related to total or regional muscle quantity in either normalized or unnormalized form, with the hazard ratios ranged from 0.92 to 1.09 per every 1 standard deviation higher of corresponding muscle quantity in general (all P > 0.10). Neither sex nor weight status affected the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not provide adequate evidence to support the concept that large muscle quantity was associated with low risk of diabetes in population-based cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Research and Education Centre of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China(1)
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Nursing Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Research and Education Centre of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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3
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Ugusman A, Shahrin SAS, Azizan NH, Pillai SB, Krishnan K, Salamt N, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Mokhtar MH. Role of Honey in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924097. [PMID: 35811958 PMCID: PMC9263567 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has become critically prevalent throughout the world. Obesity has been linked to other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Natural products such as honey have been investigated for their potential effect on obesity. Hence, this study systematically reviewed the recent literature concerning the effects of honey on obesity in obese animal models and in people with obesity. The Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched for relevant articles. A total of 130 relevant articles were obtained from the initial search. Following a thorough screening, nine articles were selected for data extraction, including six animal studies and three clinical trials. In most of the animal studies, honey demonstrated an anti-obesity effect by reducing body weight, body fat composition and adipocyte size, among others. However, supplementation of honey in clinical trials showed conflicting results. Even though honey supplementation did not demonstrate any weight-reducing effect in some of the clinical trials, none of the trials showed that honey increases body weight. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as most of the studies involved animal models and there is a limited number of high quality, randomized, controlled clinical trials. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-6-0038/ PROSPERO, identifier 10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Silveira EA, Mendonça CR, Delpino FM, Elias Souza GV, Pereira de Souza Rosa L, de Oliveira C, Noll M. Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and obesity in adults and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Dong Z, Lei X, Kujawa SA, Bolu N, Zhao H, Wang C. Identification of core gene in obese type 2 diabetes patients using bioinformatics analysis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:310-321. [PMID: 34085602 PMCID: PMC8183531 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1933297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adipocytes and adipocyte lipid metabolism are closely related with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the molecular mechanism still needs further investigation. The aim of this study is to discover the adipocyte genes and pathways involved in obesity and type 2 diabetes using bioinformatics analysis. Methods The GSE27951 gene expression profile was obtained. Software and online tools (STRING, Cytoscape, BioGPS, CTD, and FunRich) were used to identify core genes.21 human subcutaneous adipose samples, with 10 from type 2 diabetic patients and 11 from normal controls, were included in these analyses. Results 184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 42 up-regulated genes and 142 down-regulated genes were found to be enriched in metabolism, receptor activity, collagen type IV and glutamine biosynthesis I pathway by using the enrichment analysis. Seven hub genes were identified from the PPI network using various software (Cytoscape, STRING, BioGPS, and CTD). Four core genes (COL4A2, ACACB, GLUL, and CD36) were found to be highly expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients accompanying type 2 diabetes. Conclusion COL4A2, ACACB, GLUL and CD36 might be the core molecular biomarkers of obesity in patients with or without type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Lei
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stacy A. Kujawa
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - NaciEmre Bolu
- Department of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Fatih, Turkey
| | - Hong Zhao
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Epsi NJ, Richard SA, Laing ED, Fries AC, Millar E, Simons MP, English C, Colombo CJ, Colombo RE, Lindholm DA, Ganesan A, Maves RC, Huprikar N, Larson D, Mende K, Chi SW, Madar C, Lalani T, Broder CC, Tribble D, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Pollett SD. Clinical, immunological and virological SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes in obese and non-obese military health system beneficiaries. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1462-1472. [PMID: 34331541 PMCID: PMC8385847 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity remain unclear. After verifying that obesity was a correlate of severe COVID-19 in US Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries, we compared immunological and virological phenotypes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in both obese and nonobese participants. Methods COVID-19–infected MHS beneficiaries were enrolled, and anthropometric, clinical, and demographic data were collected. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 peak IgG humoral response and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction viral load in obese and nonobese patients, stratified by hospitalization, utilizing logistic regression models. Results Data from 511 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, among whom 24% were obese and 14% severely obese. Obesity was independently associated with hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–3.18) and need for oxygen therapy (aOR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.61–7.11). In outpatients, severely obese had a log10 (1.89) higher nucleocapsid (N1) genome equivalents (GE)/reaction and log10 (2.62) higher N2 GE/reaction than nonobese (P = 0.03 and P < .001, respectively). We noted a correlation between body mass index and peak anti-spike protein IgG in inpatients and outpatients (coefficient = 5.48, P < .001). Conclusions Obesity is a strong correlate of COVID-19 severity in MHS beneficiaries. These findings offer new pathophysiological insights into the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline English
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek Larson
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon W Chi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
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7
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Cardiometabolic risk and health behaviours in adolescents with normal-weight obesity: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:870-881. [PMID: 33256881 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with normal-weight obesity (NWO), as well as to investigate health behaviours related to the phenotype. DESIGN The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases. SETTING School, university and population. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents between 10 and 19 years old. RESULTS A total of eight papers were included. Most studies have found a relationship between NWO and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high waist circumference, unfavourable lipid and glycid profile. As for health behaviours, three of the eight studies included evaluated eating habits; however, the results were not conclusive. In addition, four studies analysed the practice of physical activity or physical fitness, which was lower in NWO. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence indicates that NWO is related to the early development of cardiometabolic changes, physical inactivity and less physical fitness in adolescents. The results also reveal the importance of early detection of the phenotype, as well as the need for further research on the associated factors to prevent future diseases. Registration (PROSPERO: CRD42020161204).
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8
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Tareen SHK, Kutmon M, de Kok TM, Mariman ECM, van Baak MA, Evelo CT, Adriaens ME, Arts ICW. Stratifying cellular metabolism during weight loss: an interplay of metabolism, metabolic flexibility and inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1651. [PMID: 32015415 PMCID: PMC6997359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, contributing significantly to chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic flexibility, the ability of organisms to switch between metabolic substrates, is found to be impaired in obesity, possibly contributing to the development of chronic illnesses. Several studies have shown the improvement of metabolic flexibility after weight loss. In this study, we have mapped the cellular metabolism of the adipose tissue from a weight loss study to stratify the cellular metabolic processes and metabolic flexibility during weight loss. We have found that for a majority of the individuals, cellular metabolism was downregulated during weight loss, with gene expression of all major cellular metabolic processes (such as glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation etc.) being lowered during weight loss and weight maintenance. Parallel to this, the gene expression of immune system related processes involving interferons and interleukins increased. Previously, studies have indicated both negative and positive effects of post-weight loss inflammation in the adipose tissue with regards to weight loss or obesity and its co-morbidities; however, mechanistic links need to be constructed in order to determine the effects further. Our study contributes towards this goal by mapping the changes in gene expression across the weight loss study and indicates possible cross-talk between cellular metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel E Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Werneck AO, Agostinete RR, Lima MCSD, Turi-Lynch BC, Fernandes RA. The effects of physical activity during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood on cardiovascular risk factors among adults. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:1337-1342. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.11.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between physical activity during life and cardiovascular risk factors among adults. DESIGN: The sample was composed of 101 adults (59 men) between 30 and 50 years old, who were recruited from different gyms and from a University in Brasil. Participants were divided according to their engagement in sports in early life (self-reported) and current physical activity (pedometer) (sports participation during childhood/adolescence and currently active [n=26], sports participation during childhood/adolescence and currently inactive [n=26], and control [n=49]). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, such as body fat (through DXA), HDL-C, triglycerides, HOMA index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein. We adopted the covariates of chronological age, sex, alcohol consumption, tobacco, and body mass index. General estimating equations were used, with p<0.05. RESULTS: After the adjustments of the final model, individuals engaged in sports during childhood and adolescence and inactive during adulthood presented lower body fat, when compared to participants persistently inactive (p<0.001). Participants persistently active presented lower body fat (p<0.001) and lower c-reactive protein (p=0.010) when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Early sports participation was associated with reduced body fat, and being physically active throughout life was associated with reduced body fat and C-reactive protein.
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10
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Tsang C, Taghizadeh M, Aghabagheri E, Asemi Z, Jafarnejad S. A meta-analysis of the effect of chromium supplementation on anthropometric indices of subjects with overweight or obesity. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12313. [PMID: 31115179 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of chromium as a weight loss agent remains questionable, and although previous meta-analyses findings have reported small reductions in body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity following chromium supplementation, there have been significant limitations with these findings. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy of oral chromium supplementation in individuals with overweight/obesity from randomized controlled trials. Studies were identified by a search of electronic databases from inception to November 2018 and combined and stratified analyses were used. Twenty-one trials from 19 studies were identified which met all inclusion criteria which were suitable for statistical pooling, and data from 1316 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significant reductions in anthropometric indices associated with body composition; for weight loss (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.75 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.04, -0.45, P < 0.001), body mass index (WMD: -0.40, 95% CI, -0.66, -0.13, P = 0.003 and body fat percentage (WMD: -0.68%, 95% CI, -1.32, -0.03, P = 0.04) in individuals with overweight/obesity. No changes were detected in controls. Subgroup analysis showed significant improvements in weight loss and body fat percentage, particularly for study durations ≤12 weeks and doses ≤400 μg/d. Chromium supplementation was associated with some improvements in body composition in subjects with obesity/overweight. The effect size was medium and the clinical relevance of chromium as a weight loss aid remains uncertain. Further investigation from larger and well-designed randomized controlled studies, especially in patients with diabetes, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Aghabagheri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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11
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Silva DFO, Sena-Evangelista KCM, Lyra CO, Pedrosa LFC, Arrais RF, Lima SCVC. Instruments for evaluation of motivations for weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220104. [PMID: 31335916 PMCID: PMC6650081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify instruments used to assess motivations for weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity from different age groups, such as children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. The virtual search was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and ADOLEC databases, and by manual search. The following descriptors were used: questionnaire, scale, instrument, evaluation, motivation, motive, reason, “lose weight,” “losing weight,” “weight loss,” and slimming. Methodological quality was assessed according to the criteria of the COSMIN checklist. The search yielded 3,524 results, seven of which were included in the review. Six questionnaires assessing motivations for weight loss, which could be applied to various age groups, were identified. All the questionnaires presented items related to appearance and health as the main motivation for weight loss. In addition to these motivations, the questionnaires also included items related to improved sports performance, self-confidence, participation in important social events, family and social pressure, and fitting into different clothes. The most evaluated measurement properties in the studies were internal consistency, reliability, content validity, and construct validity. Regarding internal consistency, one was rated as excellent, one as fair, and three as poor. For reliability, two were rated as being of fair quality, and one as of poor quality. Two studies analyzed the content validity and the questionnaires were rated as being of poor methodological quality. Regarding structural validity, one was rated as excellent, another as fair, and another as poor quality. Only the Weight Loss Motivation Questionnaire presented excellent methodological quality for most of the analyzed criteria. There is a need to develop questionnaires that are of better methodological quality to assess motivations for weight loss. Instruments targeting the adolescent population should also be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena-Evangelista
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Clélia Oliveira Lyra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fátima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernando Arrais
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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12
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Terauchi Y, Ozaki A, Zhao X, Teoh C, Jaffe D, Tajima Y, Shuto Y. Humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 149:115-125. [PMID: 30685348 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine the humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among respondents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Japan. METHODS This study used the Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2016 database. Respondents who self-reported a physician-diagnosed T2D were included. Respondents with or without the condition of interest (CVD-related comorbidities or hypoglycaemia) were compared via generalized linear models in terms of the outcome variables: (1) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), (2) work productivity and activity impairment, (3) healthcare resource utilization and (4) economic costs. RESULTS A total of 1478 survey respondents reported a diagnosis of T2D (mean age 63.6 ± 10.6 years, mean HbA1c 6.91 ± 1.1%). Of whom, 804 subjects (54.4%) had at least one CVD related comorbidities, and 369 subjects (29.3%) reported experiences of hypoglycaemia episodes. Patients with CVD-related comorbidities or hypoglycaemia episodes had worse HRQoL, more work and activity impairment, increased health care visits, and higher costs. CONCLUSIONS CVD related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia remains a significant humanistic and economic burden in patients with T2D. The findings suggested that appropriate T2D management with proper medication choice are important to control CVD related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among T2D patients to alleviate the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Terauchi
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Kumar P, Mahalingam K. In silico approach to identify non-synonymous SNPs with highest predicted deleterious effect on protein function in human obesity related gene, neuronal growth regulator 1 ( NEGR1). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:466. [PMID: 30402368 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) is a candidate gene for human obesity, which encodes the neural cell adhesion and growth molecule. The aim of the current study was to recognize the non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) with the highest predicted deleterious effect on protein function of the NEGR1 gene. We have used five computational tools, namely, PolyPhen, SIFT, PROVEAN, MutPred and M-CAP, to predict the deleterious and pathogenic nsSNPs of the NEGR1 gene. Homology modeling approach was used to model the native and mutant NEGR1 protein models. Furthermore, structural validation was performed by the PROCHECK server to interpret the stability of the predicted models. We have predicted four potential deleterious nsSNPs, i.e., rs145524630 (Ala70Thr), rs267598710 (Pro168Leu), rs373419972 (Arg239Cys) and rs375352213 (Leu158Phe), which might be involved in causing obesity phenotypes. The predicted mutant models showed higher root mean square deviation and free energy values under the PyMoL and SWISS-PDB viewer, respectively. Additionally, the FTSite server predicted one nsSNP, i.e., rs145524630 (Ala70Thr) out of four identified nsSNPs found in the NEGR1 protein-binding site. There were four potential deleterious and pathogenic nsSNPs, i.e., rs145524630, rs267598710, rs373419972 and rs375352213, identified from the above-mentioned tools. In future, further functional in vitro and in vivo analysis could lead to better knowledge about these nsSNPs on the influence of the NEGR1 gene in causing human obesity. Hence, the present computational examination suggest that predicated nsSNPs may feasibly be a drug target and play an important role in contributing to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permendra Kumar
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamilnadu India
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14
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Tareen SHK, Adriaens ME, Arts ICW, de Kok TM, Vink RG, Roumans NJT, van Baak MA, Mariman ECM, Evelo CT, Kutmon M. Profiling Cellular Processes in Adipose Tissue during Weight Loss Using Time Series Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E525. [PMID: 30380678 PMCID: PMC6266822 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic identified as a major risk factor for multiple chronic diseases and, consequently, diet-induced weight loss is used to counter obesity. The adipose tissue is the primary tissue affected in diet-induced weight loss, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms and changes are not completely deciphered. In this study, we present a network biology analysis workflow which enables the profiling of the cellular processes affected by weight loss in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Time series gene expression data from a dietary intervention dataset with two diets was analysed. Differentially expressed genes were used to generate co-expression networks using a method that capitalises on the repeat measurements in the data and finds correlations between gene expression changes over time. Using the network analysis tool Cytoscape, an overlap network of conserved components in the co-expression networks was constructed, clustered on topology to find densely correlated genes, and analysed using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. We found five clusters involved in key metabolic processes, but also adipose tissue development and tissue remodelling processes were enriched. In conclusion, we present a flexible network biology workflow for finding important processes and relevant genes associated with weight loss, using a time series co-expression network approach that is robust towards the high inter-individual variation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel E Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel G Vink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nadia J T Roumans
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM Research School, Maastricht University, 6211ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Mahomoodally MF, Atalay A, Nancy Picot MC, Bender O, Celebi E, Mollica A, Zengin G. Chemical, biological and molecular modelling analyses to probe into the pharmacological potential of Antidesma madagascariense Lam.: A multifunctional agent for developing novel therapeutic formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:425-435. [PMID: 30216791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antidesma madagascariense Lam. (AM), an indigenous medicinal plant to the Mascarene Islands, is used for the treatment of several diseases. We endeavoured to validate its use via evaluating the kinetics of inhibition of crude aqueous extract (CAE) and crude methanol extract (CME) of AM against key metabolic enzymes (pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase [CEase], acetylcholinesterase [AChE], and urease). In vitro antiglycation, antioxidant, cytotoxicity using iCELLigence real time cell analysis system and WST-1 methods, were used. LC-ESI-MS/MS was employed to determine the phenolic composition of the extracts and interaction of selected compounds to the studied enzymes was determined using in silico docking. AChE was inhibited by the CME of AM and CEase by the CAE. Both extracts were active inhibitors of urease and pancreatic lipase. Hyperoside (271.97 μg/g extract), present in large amount in the CME, docked to the enzymatic pocket of urease and CEase. The extracts showed competitive and mixed inhibition of urease and pancreatic lipase, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the CME (6.61 μg GAE/mg crude extract) was higher compared to CAE (2.20 μg GAE/mg crude extract). AM extracts were significantly (p < 0.05) less potent than aminoguanidine in preventing advanced glycation end products formation. Toxicological screening revealed that both extracts were non-toxic on HEK-293 cells. AM crude extracts at concentrations ranging from 78 to 312 μg/ml did not cause a visible change in cell morphology compared to control. This study supports the safe use of AM as a biomedicine for the management and/or treatment of common non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marie Carene Nancy Picot
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Celebi
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
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16
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Impact of Regular Physical Activity on Adipocytokines and Cardiovascular Characteristics in Spinal Cord–Injured Subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 99:1561-1567.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Farimani AR, Hariri M, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Zarei S, Hooshmand E. The effect of n-3 PUFAs on circulating adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:641-652. [PMID: 29453672 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM N-3 PUFAs can potentially influence levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory adipokines. Given the contradictory effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of adipokines in type 2 diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis study of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that examined the effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The electronic databases, without regard to language restrictions including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science until August 2017, were used to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of n-3 PUFAs on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Outcomes were extracted based on the mean ± SD as effect size at baseline and end of the intervention. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 estimates and their 95% CIs. Funnel plot asymmetry was used to investigate the existence of publication bias. Stata software and Review Manager were used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS Data from 10 eligible articles involved 494 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (intervention groups = 254 and control groups = 240), with age between 44 and 70 years, treated with doses of 0.52-7.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs. Adiponectin concentration nonsignificantly increased by a MD = 0.17 µg/mL (95% CI - 0.11, 0.44). Also, leptin concentration nonsignificantly reduced by a MD = - 0.31 ng/mL (95% CI - 0.69, 0.07). CONCLUSION Plant and marine sources of n-3 PUFAs can modify serum leptin and adiponectin levels by increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Due to some limitations in this study, further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion about the effect of n-3 PUFAs on the levels of leptin and adiponectin in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Zip code: 9314634814, Iran
| | - Elham Hooshmand
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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18
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Persistent physical activities in leisure time over decades improve late life CVD markers. Atherosclerosis 2017; 269:256-257. [PMID: 29275895 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Guo F, Garvey WT. Cardiometabolic Disease Staging Predicts Effectiveness of Weight-Loss Therapy to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Results From Phase III Clinical Trials Assessing Phentermine/Topiramate Extended Release. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:856-862. [PMID: 28455281 PMCID: PMC5481985 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of medication-assisted weight loss to prevent diabetes as a function of the baseline weighted Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) score. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We pooled data from 3,040 overweight and obese participants in three randomized controlled trials-CONQUER, EQUIP, and SEQUEL-assessing efficacy and safety of phentermine/topiramate extended release (ER) for weight loss. In these double-blind phase III trials, overweight/obese adult patients were treated with a lifestyle intervention and randomly assigned to placebo versus once-daily oral phentermine/topiramate ER. The weighted CMDS score was calculated using baseline quantitative clinical data including waist circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids. Incident diabetes was defined based on serial measures of fasting glucose, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test glucose, and/or HbA1c. RESULTS The absolute decrease in 1-year diabetes incidence rates in subjects treated with medication versus placebo was greatest in those with high-risk CMDS scores at baseline (10.43-6.29%), intermediate in those with moderate CMDS risk (4.67-2.37%), and small in the low-risk category (1.51-0.67%). The number of participants needed to treat to prevent one new case of diabetes over a 56-week period was 24, 43, and 120 in those with baseline CMDS scores of ≥60, 30-59, and 0-29, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Numbers needed to treat to prevent one case of type 2 diabetes are markedly lower in patients with high-risk scores. CMDS can be used to quantify risk of diabetes in overweight/obese individuals and predict the effectiveness of weight-loss therapy to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL .,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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20
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Four-Week Consumption of Malaysian Honey Reduces Excess Weight Gain and Improves Obesity-Related Parameters in High Fat Diet Induced Obese Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1342150. [PMID: 28246535 PMCID: PMC5299215 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1342150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies revealed the potential of honey consumption in controlling obesity. However, no study has been conducted using Malaysian honey. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of two local Malaysian honey types: Gelam and Acacia honey in reducing excess weight gain and other parameters related to obesity. The quality of both honey types was determined through physicochemical analysis and contents of phenolic and flavonoid. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to become obese using high fat diet (HFD) prior to introduction with/without honey or orlistat for four weeks. Significant reductions in excess weight gain and adiposity index were observed in rats fed with Gelam honey compared to HFD rats. Moreover, levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, plasma leptin and resistin, liver enzymes, renal function test, and relative organ weight in Gelam and Acacia honey treated groups were reduced significantly when compared to rats fed with HFD only. Similar results were also displayed in rats treated with orlistat, but with hepatotoxicity effects. In conclusion, consumption of honey can be used to control obesity by regulating lipid metabolism and appears to be more effective than orlistat.
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21
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Singh RK, Kumar P, Mahalingam K. Molecular genetics of human obesity: A comprehensive review. C R Biol 2017; 340:87-108. [PMID: 28089486 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related health complications is a major problem worldwide. Hypothalamus and their signalling molecules play a critical role in the intervening and coordination with energy balance and homeostasis. Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining an individual's predisposition to the weight gain and being obese. In the past few years, several genetic variants were identified as monogenic forms of human obesity having success over common polygenic forms. In the context of molecular genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) approach and their findings signified a number of genetic variants predisposing to obesity. However, the last couple of years, it has also been noticed that alterations in the environmental and epigenetic factors are one of the key causes of obesity. Hence, this review might be helpful in the current scenario of molecular genetics of human obesity, obesity-related health complications (ORHC), and energy homeostasis. Future work based on the clinical discoveries may play a role in the molecular dissection of genetic approaches to find more obesity-susceptible gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Permendra Kumar
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, 632014 Vellore, India.
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22
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Singh RK, Mahalingam K. In silico approach to identify non-synonymous SNPs in human obesity related gene, MC3R (melanocortin-3-receptor). Comput Biol Chem 2016; 67:122-130. [PMID: 28073065 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) is a novel gene candidate for human obesity, which involved in controlling the energy homeostasis and food intake behavior. The main aim behind this work is to investigate the potentially deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in obesity related gene MC3R by using six computational tools viz., PolyPhen, I-Mutant, PROVEAN, SIFT, PANTHER and PhD-SNP. In our study, we predicted eight nsSNPs i.e., rs74315393 (Ile146Asn), rs368205448 (Asp121Tyr), rs143321797 (Phe45Ser), rs17847261 (Cys274Ser), rs144166442 (Pro257His), rs370533946 (Leu224Pro), rs371354428 (Pro72Leu) and rs373708098 (Gly249Ser) found to be potentially deleterious. The functional impact of three nsSNPs i.e., rs74315393, rs368205448 and rs143321797 have already been validated experimentally in the context of human obesity. Moreover, Homology modeling and structural analysis were carried out for already experimentally validated nsSNPs i.e., rs74315393, rs368205448 and rs143321797 to check the stability of predicted models. The mutant models showed higher energy and RMSD (Root mean square deviation) values. In addition, FTSite server predicted one nsSNP i.e., rs368205448 (Asp121Tyr) out of eight identified nsSNPs found in the MC3R protein binding site. Thus, the present computational study may suggest that predicted nsSNPs possibly be a better drug target and contribute to the treatment and better understanding of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Mahalingam
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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23
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Axon E, Atkinson G, Richter B, Metzendorf M, Baur L, Finer N, Corpeleijn E, O'Malley C, Ells LJ. Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 11:CD012436. [PMID: 27899001 PMCID: PMC6472619 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child and adolescent obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed (subsets not available on Ovid), LILACS as well as the trial registers ICTRP (WHO) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Searches were undertaken from inception to March 2016. We checked references and applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions for treating obesity (licensed and unlicensed for this indication) in children and adolescents (mean age under 18 years) with or without support of family members, with a minimum of three months' pharmacological intervention and six months' follow-up from baseline. We excluded interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity. In addition, we excluded trials which included growth hormone therapies and pregnant participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data following standard Cochrane methodology. Where necessary we contacted authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS We included 21 trials and identified eight ongoing trials. The included trials evaluated metformin (11 trials), sibutramine (six trials), orlistat (four trials), and one trial arm investigated the combination of metformin and fluoxetine. The ongoing trials evaluated metformin (four trials), topiramate (two trials) and exenatide (two trials). A total of 2484 people participated in the included trials, 1478 participants were randomised to drug intervention and 904 to comparator groups (91 participants took part in two cross-over trials; 11 participants not specified). Eighteen trials used a placebo in the comparator group. Two trials had a cross-over design while the remaining 19 trials were parallel RCTs. The length of the intervention period ranged from 12 weeks to 48 weeks, and the length of follow-up from baseline ranged from six months to 100 weeks.Trials generally had a low risk of bias for random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding (participants, personnel and assessors) for subjective and objective outcomes. We judged approximately half of the trials as having a high risk of bias in one or more domain such as selective reporting.The primary outcomes of this review were change in body mass index (BMI), change in weight and adverse events. All 21 trials measured these outcomes. The secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (only one trial reported results showing no marked differences; very low certainty evidence), body fat distribution (measured in 18 trials), behaviour change (measured in six trials), participants' views of the intervention (not reported), morbidity associated with the intervention (measured in one orlistat trial only reporting more new gallstones following the intervention; very low certainty evidence), all-cause mortality (one suicide in the orlistat intervention group; low certainty evidence) and socioeconomic effects (not reported).Intervention versus comparator for mean difference (MD) in BMI change was -1.3 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.9 to -0.8; P < 0.00001; 16 trials; 1884 participants; low certainty evidence). When split by drug type, sibutramine, metformin and orlistat all showed reductions in BMI in favour of the intervention.Intervention versus comparator for change in weight showed a MD of -3.9 kg (95% CI -5.9 to -1.9; P < 0.00001; 11 trials; 1180 participants; low certainty evidence). As with BMI, when the trials were split by drug type, sibutramine, metformin and orlistat all showed reductions in weight in favour of the intervention.Five trials reported serious adverse events: 24/878 (2.7%) participants in the intervention groups versus 8/469 (1.7%) participants in the comparator groups (risk ratio (RR) 1.43, 95% CI 0.63 to 3.25; 1347 participants; low certainty evidence). A total 52/1043 (5.0%) participants in the intervention groups versus 17/621 (2.7%) in the comparator groups discontinued the trial because of adverse events (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.52; 10 trials; 1664 participants; low certainty evidence). The most common adverse events in orlistat and metformin trials were gastrointestinal (such as diarrhoea, mild abdominal pain or discomfort, fatty stools). The most frequent adverse events in sibutramine trials included tachycardia, constipation and hypertension. The single fluoxetine trial reported dry mouth and loose stools. No trial investigated drug treatment for overweight children. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This systematic review is part of a series of associated Cochrane reviews on interventions for obese children and adolescents and has shown that pharmacological interventions (metformin, sibutramine, orlistat and fluoxetine) may have small effects in reduction in BMI and bodyweight in obese children and adolescents. However, many of these drugs are not licensed for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents, or have been withdrawn. Trials were generally of low quality with many having a short or no post-intervention follow-up period and high dropout rates (overall dropout of 25%). Future research should focus on conducting trials with sufficient power and long-term follow-up, to ensure the long-term effects of any pharmacological intervention are comprehensively assessed. Adverse events should be reported in a more standardised manner specifying amongst other things the number of participants experiencing at least one adverse event. The requirement of regulatory authorities (US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency) for trials of all new medications to be used in children and adolescents should drive an increase in the number of high quality trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Axon
- University of NottinghamCochrane Skin GroupNottinghamUKNG7 2NR
| | - Greg Atkinson
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Bernd Richter
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfCochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders GroupPO Box 101007DüsseldorfGermany40001
| | - Maria‐Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfCochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders GroupPO Box 101007DüsseldorfGermany40001
| | - Louise Baur
- The University of SydneyDepartment of Paediatrics and Child HealthLocked Bag 4001WestmeadAustraliaNSW 2145
| | - Nicholas Finer
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes170 Tottenham Court RoadLondonUKW1T 7HA
- Novo Nordisk A/SGlobal Medical Affairs ManagementCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- University Medical Centre GroningenDepartment of EpidemiologyHanzeplein 1GroningenNetherlands9713 GZ
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Durham UniversityDepartment of Sport and Exercise SciencesDurhamUKDH1 3HN
| | - Louisa J Ells
- Teesside UniversitySchool of Health and Social CareParkside West OfficesMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
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Strufaldi MWL, Souza FISD, Puccini RF, Franco MDCP. Family history of cardiovascular disease and non-HDL cholesterol in prepubescent non-obese children. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2016; 62:347-52. [PMID: 27437681 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.04.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the values of non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-c) and the frequency of a family history of early cardiovascular disease (family HCVD) in healthy prepubescent children. Analyze the association between NHDL-c and family HCVD, and possible associations with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHOD Cross-sectional study including 269 prepubescent (aged 6-10 years) schoolchildren with a normal body mass index (+1SD<BMI>-2SD). DATA COLLECTED Family HCVD; weight and height, waist circumference and systemic blood pressure; lipid profile (total cholesterol TC, HDL-c, triglycerides and LDL-c), NHDL-c calculation (CT-HDL-c, cut-off = 145 mg/dL) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS High levels were found for NHDL-c in 10 (3.7%) of these schoolchildren, and family early HCVD was found in 46 (17.1%) of them. There was a weak association between family HCVD and NHDL-c (Cramer's-V-test = 0.120; p=0.050). Among the children with NHDL-c≥145 mg/dL, 4 (40%) have family HCVD. The presence of family HCVD was not associated with the variables being studied. The variables independently associated with NHDL-c ≥ 145 mg/dL were: HOMA-IR (OR=1.7; 95CI 1.1-2.6) and diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.1; 95CI 1.02-1.2). CONCLUSION NHDL-c values were associated with blood pressure and insulin resistance. Family HCVD was not associated with other classic risk factors for CVD, even though the frequency found was five times higher than that of high NHDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi
- PhD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza
- PhD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,PhD - Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Fiorini Puccini
- PhD - Full Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pinho Franco
- PhD - Adjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Raptou E, Papastefanou G, Mattas K. Investigating the influence of eating habits, body weight and television programme preferences on television viewing time and domestic computer usage. Perspect Public Health 2016; 137:59-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913916636925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The present study explored the influence of eating habits, body weight and television programme preference on television viewing time and domestic computer usage, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and home media environment indicators. In addition, potential substitution or complementarity in screen time was investigated. Methods: Individual level data were collected via questionnaires that were administered to a random sample of 2,946 Germans. The econometric analysis employed a seemingly unrelated bivariate ordered probit model to conjointly estimate television viewing time and time engaged in domestic computer usage. Results: Television viewing and domestic computer usage represent two independent behaviours in both genders and across all age groups. Dietary habits have a significant impact on television watching with less healthy food choices associated with increasing television viewing time. Body weight is found to be positively correlated with television screen time in both men and women, and overweight individuals have a higher propensity for heavy television viewing. Similar results were obtained for age groups where an increasing body mass index (BMI) in adults over 24 years old is more likely to be positively associated with a higher duration of television watching. With respect to dietary habits of domestic computer users, participants aged over 24 years of both genders seem to adopt more healthy dietary patterns. A downward trend in the BMI of domestic computer users was observed in women and adults aged 25–60 years. On the contrary, young domestic computer users 18–24 years old have a higher body weight than non-users. Television programme preferences also affect television screen time with clear differences to be observed between genders and across different age groups. Conclusions: In order to reduce total screen time, health interventions should target different types of screen viewing audiences separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raptou
- Department of Agricultural Development, Lab of Marketing and Management, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | | | - Konstadinos Mattas
- School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Petersen CB, Bauman A, Tolstrup JS. Total sitting time and the risk of incident diabetes in Danish adults (the DANHES cohort) over 5 years: a prospective study. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1382-1387. [PMID: 26907464 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that total sitting time is associated with incident diabetes, after adjustment for physical activity and obesity. METHODS 72 608 Danish adults from the DANHES cohort reported their total sitting time in 2007-2008 and were followed-up for 5 years, in relation to register-based incident diabetes mellitus. Cox regression analyses were used, and the effect-modifying influence of obesity and physical activity assessed. RESULTS The age-sex adjusted HR for developing diabetes among those who sat 10+ h/day as compared to <6 h/day was 1.35 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.57). The relative risks were similar by gender, but were largely attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors including physical activity, and statistically non-significant for all categories of body mass index except the obese. CONCLUSIONS The association between total sitting time and incident diabetes is substantially moderated by physical activity and obesity. Total sitting time remains a risk factor for diabetes only in inactive and obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xue J, Ideraabdullah FY. An assessment of molecular pathways of obesity susceptible to nutrient, toxicant and genetically induced epigenetic perturbation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 30:1-13. [PMID: 27012616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the etiology of human disease has greatly improved with the inclusion of epigenetic mechanisms, in particular as a common link between environment and disease. However, for most diseases we lack a detailed interpretation of the epigenetic regulatory pathways perturbed by environment and causal mechanisms. Here, we focus on recent findings elucidating nutrient-related epigenetic changes linked to obesity. We highlight studies demonstrating that obesity is a complex disease linked to disruption of epigenetically regulated metabolic pathways in the brain, adipose tissue and liver. These pathways regulate (1) homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors, (2) adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and (3) energy expenditure. By compiling these data, we illustrate that obesity-related phenotypes are repeatedly linked to disruption of critical epigenetic mechanisms that regulate key metabolic genes. These data are supported by genetic mutation of key epigenetic regulators, and many of the diet-induced epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are also perturbed by exposure to environmental toxicants. Identifying similarly perturbed epigenetic mechanisms in multiple experimental models of obesity strengthens the translational applications of these findings. We also discuss many of the ongoing challenges to understanding the role of environmentally induced epigenetic pathways in obesity and suggest future studies to elucidate these roles. This assessment illustrates our current understanding of molecular pathways of obesity that are susceptible to environmental perturbation via epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, it lays the groundwork for dissecting the complex interactions between diet, genes and toxicants that contribute to obesity and obesity-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Nutrition, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Guo F, Garvey WT. Development of a Weighted Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) System for the Prediction of Future Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3871-7. [PMID: 26241327 PMCID: PMC4596035 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic syndrome traits are important risk factors for diabetes; however, each trait has different predictive power for future diabetes. Additionally, the impact of insulin resistance on metabolic profile can differ by gender and racial group, suggesting that gender-race specific prediction algorithms for diabetes may be warranted. OBJECTIVE To develop a quantitative scoring system based on weighting of risk components in the cardiometabolic disease staging (CMDS) system for the prediction of future diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We derived the CMDS score in 2857 participants with valid follow-up information on incident diabetes from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study and validated it in 6425 older participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. We assigned a simple integer value for each CMDS risk factor component. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident diabetes. RESULTS Fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, waist circumference, and blood pressure components contributed similarly for the prediction of future diabetes (CMDS scores, 23, 21, 26, and 20, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7158 for the CMDS scoring system, whereas it was 0.7053 for the Framingham diabetes score. The CMDS components performed differently for prediction of future diabetes in Black and White men and women. The components with the highest predictive power for diabetes were waist circumference in Black men, 2-hour glucose in Black women, and fasting glucose in both White men and White women. CONCLUSIONS The weighted CMDS score has high model discrimination power for diabetes and can be used clinically to identify patients for weight loss therapy based on differential risk for future diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health (F.G.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555; Department of Nutrition Sciences (W.T.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.T.G.), Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health (F.G.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555; Department of Nutrition Sciences (W.T.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.T.G.), Birmingham, Alabama 35233
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Calcaterra V, Vandoni M, Correale L, Larizza D, DeBarbieri G, Albertini R, Tinelli C, Arpesella M, Bernardi L. Deep breathing acutely improves arterial dysfunction in obese children: evidence of functional impairment? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1301-1309. [PMID: 25156892 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Similarly to diabetes type 2, patients with obesity show insulin resistance and autonomic and vascular abnormalities associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We tested whether arterial dysfunction in obese children may have a functional nature, reversible with appropriate interventions (e.g., by reduction of sympathetic activity), or else results from anatomic arterial modifications (likely irreversible). For this purpose, we tested whether deep breathing (an intervention known to transiently reduce sympathetic activity) could acutely improve arterial function, hence showing a functional abnormality. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 130 obese children and 67 age-matched healthy normal-weight control children were recruited. Arterial function was measured by augmentation index (AIx), by direct analysis of blood pressure contour, and by pulse wave velocity (PWV), during spontaneous and controlled breathing. The markers of metabolic syndrome were evaluated at baseline. AIx showed increased values in obese male participants as compared with the control group. Slow breathing acutely reduced Aix in obese children, to a greater extent than in normal-weight control children. Similarly, the blood pressure contour showed higher values in obese children that were significantly attenuated by slow breathing. Baseline PWV was not altered in obese participants. The markers of metabolic syndrome correlated with AIx and PWV. CONCLUSIONS Obese subjects showed impaired arterial function. The acute improvement in vascular abnormalities with reduction in sympathetic activity indicates that this alteration was largely functional, likely related to initial autonomic dysfunction and to metabolic abnormalities. As a consequence, this study provides a rationale for strategies aiming at preventing arterial function deterioration in the early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of the Mother and Child Health, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Correale
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Larizza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of the Mother and Child Health, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - G DeBarbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Albertini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Arpesella
- Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Bernardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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