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de Toledo LL, Jorge BC, Stein J, Nagaoka LT, Manoel BDM, Cardoso CAL, Kassuya CAL, Arena AC. Preclinical safety evaluation of the ethanolic extract from campomanesia guazumifolia (cambess.) O. Berg fruits peels in rats. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38684020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2347447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The toxicological potential of the ethanolic extract from Campomanesia guazumifolia (EECG), a species traditionally recognised for its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and hypercholesterolemic properties, was investigated in acute and subacute toxicity models in rats. In the acute toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg of EECG was administered orally in female rats, while male and female rats received 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg of EECG for the subacute toxicity test. No evidence of toxicity was observed in the animals acutely exposed, indicating that the LD50 is above 2000 mg/kg. However, repeated exposure to this extract resulted in alterations in important biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic and renal toxicity, including AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, and cholesterol. Additionally, some hematological parameters were also changed by the treatment. EECG demonstrated low toxicological potential. Nevertheless, given the observed changes in liver and kidney enzymes, further investigations into the protective effects of this extract following repeated administration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leonel de Toledo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Campos Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Júlia Stein
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Livia Trippe Nagaoka
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Matos Manoel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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2
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Sereno AB, Pinto CD, Gibbert L, de Andrade MTP, da Silva MAB, Etgeton SAP, Miguel OG, Dias JDFG, Krüger CCH, de Messias Reason IJ. Cytotoxic and Phytotoxic Activities of Native Brazilian Forest Gabiroba ( Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg.), Fruits, and Flour against Shrimp ( Artemia salina L.) and Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Foods 2023; 13:123. [PMID: 38201151 PMCID: PMC10779049 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gabiroba, a native fruit in Brazil's Atlantic Forest region, has significant nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, due to its seasonality, consumption by the population is limited. Thus, the development of gabiroba byproducts would add significant value to the food and therapeutic industries. Therefore, it is essential to study and support the lack of toxicity of gabiroba fruit extracts. In the present study, physicochemical analyses of fresh fruits (GF) and dehydrated whole gabiroba flour (WGF) and preliminary toxicity analyses of WGF were performed. The toxicity results showed a microcrustacean LC50 of >1000 mg/mL when exposed to WGF extracts at various concentrations (10-1000 μg/mL; p = 0.062) using the Artemia salina method, with no evidence observed of proliferative activity or toxic metabolic compounds in the WGF extract. The phytotoxicity of WGF using Lactuca sativa L. allowed germination and root growth at various concentrations of WGF extract, with the lowest (100 μg/mL) and highest (1000 μg/mL) concentrations exhibiting 98.3% and 100% seed germination, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicate that the WGF preparation preserved the nutritional and antioxidant potential of gabiroba fruits and that WGF is safe for use as a raw material in the food industry and for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiane Benevide Sereno
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, Curitiba 80.069-900, Paraná, Brazil; (C.D.P.); (M.A.B.d.S.); (I.J.d.M.R.)
| | - Carla Dayane Pinto
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, Curitiba 80.069-900, Paraná, Brazil; (C.D.P.); (M.A.B.d.S.); (I.J.d.M.R.)
| | - Luciana Gibbert
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil; (L.G.); (M.T.P.d.A.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Marina Talamini Piltz de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil; (L.G.); (M.T.P.d.A.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Michelli Aparecida Bertolazo da Silva
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, Curitiba 80.069-900, Paraná, Brazil; (C.D.P.); (M.A.B.d.S.); (I.J.d.M.R.)
| | - Schaina Andriela Pontarollo Etgeton
- Graduate Program in Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Obdulio Gomes Miguel
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil; (L.G.); (M.T.P.d.A.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil; (L.G.); (M.T.P.d.A.); (O.G.M.)
| | - Claudia Carneiro Hecke Krüger
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, Curitiba 80.210-170, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Iara José de Messias Reason
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, Curitiba 80.069-900, Paraná, Brazil; (C.D.P.); (M.A.B.d.S.); (I.J.d.M.R.)
- Department of Medical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, Curitiba 80.069-900, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Almeida SMZ, Almeida LPD, Giacobbo CL, Galon L, Perboni AT, Sant'Anna-Santos BF, Bermeo P, Danner MA. Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Myrtaceae: Myrtoideae) seedlings reveal morpho-physiological plasticity under shade conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e276695. [PMID: 37971088 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants exposed to different light intensities generate physiological, morphological, and anatomical changes conducting to plasticity. Thus, this characteristic establishes the ability of plants to present phenotypic adjustments by the same genotype under different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to verify the morphophysiological alterations in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg (guabiroba) seedlings cultivated in different shading levels. The seedlings were grown for 21 months under full sun or 30%, 50%, and 80% under shading. Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy were evaluated. In all the treatments subjected to shading, plasticity mechanisms involved structural and physiological changes such as an increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content (total and Chl a), reduction in leaf thickness, and increased gas exchange and quantum yield of photosystem II. The guabiroba seedlings can be cultivated in full sun or different shading environments; even under high shading intensity (80%), the plants showed vigor similar to those produced in a sunny environment. These results confirmed our hypothesis about guabiroba acclimation capacity to shading, noteworthy information for nurseries, orchards, agroforestry systems, or forest restoration in a wide range of light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Z Almeida
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil
| | - L P de Almeida
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - C L Giacobbo
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - L Galon
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - A T Perboni
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil
| | - B F Sant'Anna-Santos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Departamento de Botânica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - P Bermeo
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Espinal, Tolima, Colômbia
| | - M A Danner
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil
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Froldi G. The Use of Medicinal Plants in Blood Vessel Diseases: The Influence of Gender. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040866. [PMID: 37109395 PMCID: PMC10147070 DOI: 10.3390/life13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data available in the literature on the use of herbal products to treat inflammation-related vascular diseases were considered in this study, while also assessing the influence of gender. To this end, the articles published in PubMed over the past 10 years that described the use of plant extracts in randomized clinical trials studying the effectiveness in vascular pathologies were analyzed. The difference in efficacy of plant-derived preparations in female and male subjects was always considered when reporting. The safety profiles of the selected plants were described, reporting unwanted effects in humans and also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase®). The medicinal plants considered were Allium sativum, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Sechium edule, Terminalia chebula. Additionally, an innovative type of preparation consisting of plant-derived nanovesicles was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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6
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Marmitt DJ. Potential plants for inflammatory dysfunction in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:749-773. [PMID: 35389124 PMCID: PMC8987270 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a biological response of the organism to remove injurious stimuli and initiate homeostasis. It has been recognized as a key player in the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, the so-called "cytokine storm" that appears to play a pivotal role in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to select clinical trials with anti-inflammatory plants and relate the activity of these plants to inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRISMA guidelines are followed, and studies of interest are indexed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. As a result, 32 clinical trials encompassing 22 plants were selected. The main anti-inflammatory mechanisms described in the studies are the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-1; decreased CRP and oxidative marker levels; increased endogenous antioxidant levels; modulation of cardiovascular risk markers. The data found are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they provide possibilities for new studies as plants have a wide array of phytochemicals, and detecting which ones are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects can provide invaluable contribution to studies aiming to evaluate efficacy in scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Do Vale Do Taquari - Univates, Avelino Talini Street, 171, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil.
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7
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Petry VS, Stefenon VM, Machado LO, Costa NCFDA, Klabunde GHF, Nodari RO. Patterns of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow in Campomanesia xanthocarpa: insights from SSR markers of different genomic origins. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210134. [PMID: 34787172 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg is a South American fruit tree species with important ecological and medicinal properties, which remnants are currently found mainly in isolated forest fragments. In this study, SSR markers from three different genomic origins (gene-linked, nuclear neutral, and organellar) were used to evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity, fine-scale spatial genetic structure and historical gene flow in fragmented forest formations of C. xanthocarpa from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Our results show that the forest fragments present moderate to high levels of genetic diversity in comparison to species presenting similar life traits, although a trend opposite to expected was observed concerning gene-linked and neutral SSR markers. The fine-scale spatial genetic structure revealed different patterns in short and large distance classes, with a distinct influence of gene-linked and neutral markers in driving the genetic structure in each distance class. The presence of an isolation-by-adaptation pattern implies the need for maintenance of the current remnants to assure the conservation of the private alleles. Finally, as the genetic diversity is found predominantly within forest fragments, programs of seed collection and/or genetic rescue should prioritize a larger number of individuals within each fragment, to increase the sampled diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Petry
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir M Stefenon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rodovia Osvaldo Aranha, BR 290, Km 423, 97307-020 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Lilian O Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Newton C F DA Costa
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H F Klabunde
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI), Rod. Antônio Heil, 6800, 88318-112 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubens O Nodari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Regginato A, Cunico L, Bertoncello K, Schindler MSZ, Chitolina R, Marins K, Zanatta AP, Calisto JF, Oliveira JV, Magro JD, Zanatta L. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:621-631. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.227388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Regginato
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - L. Cunico
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | | | | | - R. Chitolina
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - K. Marins
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - A. P. Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - J. F. Calisto
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - J. V. Oliveira
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - J. D. Magro
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil
| | - L. Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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de Oliveira Raphaelli C, Pereira EDS, Camargo TM, Ribeiro JA, Pereira MC, Vinholes J, Dalmazo GO, Vizzotto M, Nora L. Biological activity and chemical composition of fruits, seeds and leaves of guabirobeira (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg – Myrtaceae): A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Seed Extract Obtained from Supercritical CO 2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6670544. [PMID: 33727941 PMCID: PMC7935572 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa is a plant species traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes, fever, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and urinary tract diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of C. xanthocarpa leaves in mice were already known. Nevertheless, studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of its seeds are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of C. xanthocarpa seed extract, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction (SCCO2) at 40°C and 250 bar, in mice. GC/MS analysis revealed that β-caryophyllene is the major compound present in the C. xanthocarpa SCCO2 extract. The extract (60 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the nociceptive behavior in the second phase of the formalin test and prevented the paw oedema induced by carrageenan up to 6 h after carrageenan injection. The extract (0.1–1 μg/mL) inhibited neutrophils migration induced by LPS from E. coli in vitro. This antichemostatic effect was comparable to the effect of indomethacin. Acute administration (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) of C. xanthocarpa SCCO2 extract caused no mice mortality, demonstrating that the extract is devoid of acute toxicity. These data suggest that C. xanthocarpa seeds present anti-inflammatory activity and represent a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
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11
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Cunha EBB, Silva NFDA, Lima JDE, Serrato JA, Aita CAM, Herai RH. Leaf extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa positively regulates atherosclerotic-related protein expression. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191486. [PMID: 33237138 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is caused by a monocyte-mediated inflammatory process that, in turn, is stimulated by cytokines and adhesion molecules. Monocytes are then differentiated into macrophages, leading to the formation of arterial atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, guavirova leaf extracts from Campomanesia xanthocarpa (EG) have shown potential effects on the treatment of plaque formation by reducing cholesterol, LDL levels and serum oxidative stress. We evaluated the effect of EG on the viability of human monocytic and endothelial cell lines at three time points (24, 48 and 72 hours) and whether it can modulate the migration and in vitro expression of CD14, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, HLA-DR and CD105. Cell viability was affected only at higher concentrations and times. We observed decreased ICAM-1 expression in cells treated with 50 μg/ml EG and CD14 expression with IFN-γ and without IFN-γ. CD14 also decreased endothelial cell expression in the presence of IFN-γ and GE. We also found decreased expression of PECAM-1 when treated with EG and IFN-γ. In addition, EG-treated endothelial cells showed higher migration than the control group. Reduced expression of these markers and increased migration may lead to decreased cytokines, which may be contributing to decreased chronic inflammatory response during atherosclerosis and protecting endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo B B Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde/PPGCS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná/PUCPR, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório Experimental Multiusuário/LEM, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Centro Universitário - UNIFACEAR, Av. das Araucárias, 3803, 83707-067 Araucária, PR, Brazil
| | - NatÁlia F DA Silva
- Divisão de Pneumologia do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas/ HCFMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean DE Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas/ICB-IV, Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes/LIT, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 137, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia A Serrato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde/PPGCS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná/PUCPR, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório Experimental Multiusuário/LEM, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos A M Aita
- Laboratório Diagnósticos Brasil/DB, Rua Manoel Ribas, 245, 83010-030 São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde/PPGCS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná/PUCPR, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório Experimental Multiusuário/LEM, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Instituto Lico Kaesemodel/ILK, Av. Sete de Setembro, 5402, 80240-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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12
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Panda B, Gooyee AK. Bioactivity of Marine Natural Product Xyloketals. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200909114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Oceans can play a major role in supplying life-saving medicines in the world in future. Although considerable
progress has been made in finding new medicines from marine sources, large efforts are still necessary to examine such
molecules for clinical applications. Xyloketals are an important group of natural products with various powerful and prominent bioactivities such as inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, antioxidant activity, inhibition of L-calcium channels, radicalscavenging behavior, suppression of cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, etc. This review
describes the isolation and structural characterization of all xyloketal natural products giving major emphasis on their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Panda
- Department of Chemistry, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Amal Kumar Gooyee
- Department of Chemistry, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, India
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Leandro FD, Cabral LDM, Machado TM, Koolen HHF, da Silva FMA, Guilhon-Simplicio F, da Silva MA, Giusti-Paiva A, Moura CDCV, da Silva GA. Dereplication and evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic extract of leaves from Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5549-5553. [PMID: 32700557 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1795654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa popularly known as gabiroba is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, ulcers, among other uses, requiring studies to assist in proving these activities. In this study, the extract of leaves from C. xanthocarpa (CxHE) was submitted to assays of formalin-induced paw-licking, peritonitis induced by lipopolysaccharide and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia tests. In chemical analysis, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the determination of phenol and flavonoid content were carried out, in addition to analysis by ESI-MS/MS system and HPLC-DAD system. The CxHE presented compounds such as tannins, triterpenoids, steroids and saponins and content of phenols (35.9 ± 1.3 GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (23.3 ± 2.1 mg EQ/g extract). Protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, quercetin, and 3-methyl epigallocatechin gallate, alpha and beta-amyrins were identified. CxHE at doses of 10-1000 mg/kg p.o. demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in all in vivo assays employed in this study. [Figure: see text].
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Machado LDO, Vieira LDN, Stefenon VM, Faoro H, Pedrosa FDO, Guerra MP, Nodari RO. Molecular relationships of Campomanesia xanthocarpa within Myrtaceae based on the complete plastome sequence and on the plastid ycf2 gene. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180377. [PMID: 32555941 PMCID: PMC7288672 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastomes are very informative structures for comparative phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. We sequenced and analyzed the complete plastome of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and compared its gene order, structure, and evolutionary characteristics within Myrtaceae. Analyzing 48 species of Myrtaceae, we identified six genes representing ‘hotspots’ of variability within the plastomes (ycf2, atpA, rpoC2, pcbE, ndhH and rps16), and performed phylogenetic analyses based on: (i) the ycf2 gene, (ii) all the six genes identified as ‘hotspots’ of variability, and (iii) the genes identified as ‘hotspots’ of variability, except the ycf2 gene. The structure, gene order, and gene content of the C. xanthocarpa plastome are similar to other Myrtaceae species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the ycf2 gene as a promissing region for barcoding within this family, having also a robust phylogenetic signal. The synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates and the Ka/Ks ratio revealed low values for the ycf2 gene among C. xanthocarpa and the other 47 analyzed species of Myrtaceae, with moderate purifying selection acting on this gene. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis of the whole plastomes produced phylogenetic trees supporting the monophyly of three Myrtaceae tribes. The findings of this study provide support for planning conservation, breeding, and biotechnological programs for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian de Oliveira Machado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Valdir Marcos Stefenon
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Effect of Supplementation with Hydroethanolic Extract of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.) Leaves and Two Isolated Substances from the Extract on Metabolic Parameters of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112693. [PMID: 32531999 PMCID: PMC7321075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are still controversies regarding the correlation between the beneficial effects for health and the administration of isolated compounds or crude extracts in therapeutic applications. Campomanesia xanthocarpa, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. We investigated the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa hydroethanolic extract and two isolated substances from the extract (S1 and S2) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. Male Swiss mice were divided into five groups: (1) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93M) diet, (2) high-fat diet (HF), (3) HF supplemented with C. xanthocarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract at 100 mg/kg (HFE), (4) HF supplemented with S1 at 1 mg/kg (HFS1) and (5) HF supplemented with S2 at 1 mg/kg (HFS2). The HFS1, HFS2 and HFE groups did not present decreasing body weight or visceral adiposity gain. No differences in glycemic and lipid parameters, or in the expression of protein content in two cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10), were observed. Only the HFS1 group displayed decreased food intake. Even though substantial effects such as an improvement in obesity features or the metabolic and histological parameters promoted by S1, S2 and the extract were not observed, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the principal genes and protein expressions involved in regulating food behavior promoted by S1.
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de Paulo Farias D, Neri-Numa IA, de Araújo FF, Pastore GM. A critical review of some fruit trees from the Myrtaceae family as promising sources for food applications with functional claims. Food Chem 2020; 306:125630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Petry VS, Stefenon VM, Machado LO, Klabunde GHF, Pedrosa FO, Nodari RO. Repetitive genomic elements in Campomanesia xanthocarpa: prospection, characterization and cross amplification of molecular markers. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:423. [PMID: 31696028 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive genomic elements were prospected in Campomanesia xanthocarpa, aiming to characterize these elements in a non-model plant species and to develop species-specific microsatellite markers. Approximately 4.12% of the partial genome of C. xanthocarpa is composed of repetitive elements, being retrotransposons the most widely represented. A total of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were obtained: four nuclear-neutral, two nuclear EST, two plastidial and one mitochondrial. Levels of population genetic diversity of four natural populations of C. xanthocarpa were characterized using these markers. In addition, the cross-species amplification of the microsatellite markers was tested in seven species of tribe Myrteae (Myrtaceae). The characterized microsatellite markers revealed low to moderate levels of genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity range: 0.33-0.57; observed heterozygosity: 0.26-0.74 and number of alleles: 2.25-4.25). Cross-species amplification was successful for all loci, except Cxant76. These nine markers will contribute for studies on genetic diversity, gene flow, plant selection and breeding of this species, towards the conservation of natural populations, as well as its commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Petry
- 1Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Valdir Marcos Stefenon
- 1Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
- 2Nucleus of Molecular Ecology and Plant Micropropagation, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Lilian O Machado
- 1Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Gustavo H F Klabunde
- 3Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Fábio O Pedrosa
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nucleus of Nitrogen Fixation, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Rubens O Nodari
- 1Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
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De Sousa JA, De Sousa JT, Boaretto FBM, Salvi JDO, Fachini J, Da Silva JB, Unfer JP, Allgayer MC, Lemes MLB, Marroni NP, Ferraz ADBF, Picada JN. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa aqueous extract and its modulation on oxidative stress and genomic instability in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1009-1018. [PMID: 31658881 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1683925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural products from herbs may be a therapeutic option in dyslipidemia treatment. Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) leaves have been used to decrease cholesterol levels. However, studies to determine activities of this plant on triglycerides metabolism have received little attention. The aim of this study was to examine anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a C. xanthocarpa aqueous leaf extract (CxAE) and assess protective actions against oxidative stress and DNA damage. The tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia model was used in Wistar rats. Rats were treated orally with CxAE either 250 or 500 mg/kg/day for 7 days prior to tyloxapol administration. Biochemical parameters, oxidative stress levels, and genomic instability were assessed in several tissues. CxAE decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum and hepatic and renal DNA damage in tyloxapol-treated rats. There was no marked effect on the micronucleus frequency in bone marrow. The extract increased catalase activity and decreased glutathione S-transferase activity in kidney tissue. CxAE showed anti-hyperlipidemic effects, improved oxidative parameters, and protected DNA against damage induced by tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia, suggesting C. xanthocarpa leaves may be useful in preventing dyslipidemias.Abbreviations: ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Aspartate aminotransferase; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Ator: Atorvastatin; CAT: Catalase; Chol: Cholesterol; CxAE: Campomanesia xanthocarpa aqueous extract; GST: Glutathione S-transferase; HDL: High density cholesterol; i.p.: Intraperitoneal; NCE: Normochromatic erythrocyte; PBS: Phosphate buffer solution; PCE: Polychromatic erythrocyte; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SD: Standard deviation; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; T: Tyloxapol; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances; TG: Triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubert Aires De Sousa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jayne Torres De Sousa
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jeferson De Oliveira Salvi
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jean Fachini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pereira Unfer
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Mariangela C Allgayer
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Brodt Lemes
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Center of Experimental Research, Clinic Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences: Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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Amaral SDC, Barbieri SF, Ruthes AC, Bark JM, Brochado Winnischofer SM, Silveira JLM. Cytotoxic effect of crude and purified pectins from Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg on human glioblastoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115140. [PMID: 31472853 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new source of pectin with a cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells is presented. A homogeneous GWP-FP-S fraction (Mw of 29,170 g mol-1) was obtained by fractionating the crude pectin extract (GW) from Campomanesia xanthocarpa pulp. According to the monosaccharide composition, the GWP-FP-S was composed of galacturonic acid (58.8%), arabinose (28.5%), galactose (11.3%) and rhamnose (1.1%), comprising 57.7% of homogalacturonans (HG) and 42.0% of type I rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I). These structures were characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods; GW and GWP-FP-S fractions were evaluated by MTT and crystal violet assays for their cytotoxic effects. Both fractions induced cytotoxicity (15.55-37.65%) with concomitant increase in the cellular ROS levels in human glioblastoma cells at 25-400 μg mL-1, after 48 h of treatment, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed for normal NIH 3T3 cells. This is the first report of in vitro bioactivity and the first investigation of the antitumor potential of gabiroba pectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah da Costa Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Shayla Fernanda Barbieri
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Andrea Caroline Ruthes
- Division of Glycoscience, Royal Institute of Technology - KTH, Sweden; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC-UF), Wimauma, USA
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Brochado Winnischofer
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Joana Léa Meira Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
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Corn starch and gelatin-based films added with guabiroba pulp for application in food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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De Sousa JA, Prado LDS, Alderete BL, Boaretto FBM, Allgayer MC, Miguel FM, De Sousa JT, Marroni NP, Lemes MLB, Corrêa DS, Ferraz ADBF, Picada JN. Toxicological aspects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. associated with its phytochemical profile. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:62-74. [PMID: 30741125 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1562392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa leaves are used as tea to treat diarrhea, inflammation, and hypercholesterolemia. Some pharmacological studies noted its beneficial uses of C. xanthocarpa; however, few investigations examined the toxicological profile of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential of an aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa leaves (CxAE), and potential protective effects against oxidative damage. Phytochemical constituents were determined using HPLC, and antioxidant effect in vitro was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Genotoxic effects and chromosomic mutations were assessed using comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test in Wistar rats treated with CxAE at 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in several tissues. CxAE induced mutations in TA98, TA97a, and TA102 strains. However, in the presence of metabolic activation, data were negative for all strains tested. Lack of mutagenicity was also observed in the MN test. This extract did not induce DNA damage, except when the highest concentration was used. DNA oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased in blood after treatment with CxAE. Lipid peroxidation levels were reduced while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in kidneys. The inhibitory concentration of CxAE required to lower DPPH levels to 50% was 38.47 ± 2.06 μg/ml. In conclusion, frameshift and oxidative mutations were observed only in the absence of metabolic activation which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin. It is of interest that CxAE also showed protective effects against DNA oxidative damage associated with presence of ellagic acid, a phenolic acid with antioxidant activities. CxAE did not induce in vivo mutagenicity, suggesting that this extract poses a low toxic hazard over the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubert Aires De Sousa
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Lismare da Silva Prado
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Bárbara Lopes Alderete
- a Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Mariangela C Allgayer
- b Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Hospital , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Fabiano Moraes Miguel
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Jayne Torres De Sousa
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- c Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Brodt Lemes
- d Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- e Center for Research in Product and Development (CEPPED) , Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas , RS , Brazil
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Phenolic-Rich Baccaurea angulata Modulates Inflammatory Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8406193. [PMID: 30524759 PMCID: PMC6247429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8406193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading and the most critical type of chronic disease. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CVD. Inflammation has been progressively acknowledged as a vital and central player in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Baccaurea angulata is an underutilized fruit of the island of Borneo. It was obtained from Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia. In our previous studies, B. angulata did not only increase antioxidant enzyme activities, but also slowed the lipid peroxidation process in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. It was hypothesized that B. angulata fruit would exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects of three different B. angulata whole fruit (WF) juice doses on 11 serum inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty-five male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into seven groups (n=5). Group CH was fed 1% cholesterol diet only, group C1 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C2 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C3 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group N was fed standard pellet only, group N1 was fed standard pellet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, and group N2 was fed standard pellet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice for 12 weeks. Results The administration of the various juices reduced the concentrations of induced serum inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion This protective effect of B. angulata fruit against cardiovascular risk might be due to its polyphenol content.
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Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092336. [PMID: 30216974 PMCID: PMC6225494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Otero JS, Hirsch GE, Klafke JZ, Porto FG, de Almeida AS, Nascimento S, Schmidt A, da Silva B, Pereira RLD, Jaskulski M, Parisi MM, dos Santos Guarda N, Moresco RN, Aita CAM, Viecili PRN. Inhibitory effect of Campomanesia xanthocarpa in platelet aggregation: Comparison and synergism with acetylsalicylic acid. Thromb Res 2017; 154:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chemical Composition and Hypotensive Effect of Campomanesia xanthocarpa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1591762. [PMID: 28584558 PMCID: PMC5443999 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1591762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa is known in Brazil as Guabiroba and is popularly used for various diseases, such as inflammatory, renal, and digestive diseases and dyslipidemia. The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical composition and investigate the effects of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa on the blood pressure of normotensive rats, analyzing the possible action mechanism using experimental and in silico procedures. The extract was evaluated for total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content. The chemical components were determined by HPLC analyses. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured with extract and drugs administration. The leaves of C. xanthocarpa presented the relevant content of phenolics and flavonoids, and we suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and theobromine. The acute administration of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa has a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in normotensive rats, suggesting that the action mechanism may be mediated through the renin-angiotensin system by AT1 receptor blockade and sympathetic autonomic response. Docking studies showed models that indicated an interaction between chlorogenic acid and quercetin with the AT1 receptor (AT1R) active site. The findings of these docking studies suggest the potential of C. xanthocarpa constituents for use as preventive agents for blood pressure.
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da Silva ÉRS, Salmazzo GR, da Silva Arrigo J, Oliveira RJ, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL. Anti-inflammatory Evaluation and Toxicological Analysis of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg. Inflammation 2017; 39:1462-8. [PMID: 27271512 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Myrtaceae) is used in Brazilian traditional medicine against fever, diabetes, hypercholesteremic, obesity, and urinary diseases. In the present study, the compounds 2',6'-dihydroxy-3'-methyl-4'-metoxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethyl-6'-methoxychalcone were identified for the first time in leaves of the C. xanthocarpa. These compounds and the hydroethanolic extract (HECX) significantly inhibited paw edema and reduced both leukocyte migration and the leakage of protein into the pleural cavity. No toxicity was detected by HECX in an acute toxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élica Renata Soares da Silva
- Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79804-970, C.P. 351, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Ruivo Salmazzo
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79804-970, C.P. 351, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- School of Medicine "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Andréa Lima Cardoso
- Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil. .,Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79804-970, C.P. 351, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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El-Agamy DS. Nilotinib attenuates endothelial dysfunction and liver damage in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 36:1131-1145. [PMID: 27941169 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nilotinib is an oral potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has diverse biological activities. However, its effects on hypercholesterolemia and associated disorders have not been studied yet. The present study explored the effect of nilotinib on atherosclerosis progression, endothelial dysfunction, and hyperlipidemia-associated hepatic injury in high-cholesterol (HC)-fed rabbits. Rabbits were classified into four groups: control, nilotinib, HC, and HC + nilotinib groups. Rabbits were fed either a regular diet or an HC-enriched diet for 8 weeks. By the end of the eighth week, blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and in vitro analyses. Results indicated that the HC diet induced a significant elevation in the serum lipid parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), lactate dehydrogenase, and nitric oxide content. Endothelial dysfunction was evident through the impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated aortas and the histopathological lesions of the aortic specimen. Moreover, HC significantly increased serum malondialdehyde. Liver damage was clear through increase in serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, and it was further supported by histopathological examination. HC increased the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-B in both aorta and liver tissues. Interestingly, nilotinib administration retarded atherosclerosis progression and attenuated all of the aforementioned parameters. These data suggest that nilotinib may counteract atherosclerosis development, vascular dysfunction, and hepatic damage in HC-fed rabbits through interfering with PDGF-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Azevedo LF, Silva SMD, Navarro LB, Yamaguchi LF, Nascimento CGO, Soncini R, Ishikawa T. Evidence of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Plinia edulis leaf infusion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:178-182. [PMID: 27377340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae) is native and endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Popularly known as "cambucá", it has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of stomach disorders, diabetes, bronchitis, inflammation and as tonic. Although there are numerous records concerning its popular use as analgesic and anti-inflammatory, scientific information regarding these pharmacological activities is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of P. edulis leaf infusion (AEPe) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acetic acid-induced writhing response and mechanical nociceptive paw tests were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity. Carrageenan-induced paw edema and lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. The substances in AEPe were identified by HPLC-MS analysis. RESULTS At the test doses 30-300mg/kg p.o., AEPe has clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema and inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. The infusion has shown significant antinociceptive activity in both models of nociception. Gallic acid, myricitrin, guaijaverin, quercitrin, quercetin, corosolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were identified in AEPe. CONCLUSION P. edulis infusion presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all experiments realized in this study, which could be related to the presence of triterpenoids and flavonoids. These results provide scientific support for the traditional use of this species in the management of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara F Azevedo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria da Silva
- Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Navarro
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lydia F Yamaguchi
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05599-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Giovani O Nascimento
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Roseli Soncini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Tati Ishikawa
- Department of Food and Drugs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Klafke JZ, Pereira RLD, Hirsch GE, Parisi MM, Porto FG, de Almeida AS, Rubin FH, Schmidt A, Beutler H, Nascimento S, Trevisan G, Brusco I, de Oliveira SM, Duarte MMMF, Duarte T, Viecili PRN. Study of oxidative and inflammatory parameters in LDLr-KO mice treated with a hypercholesterolemic diet: Comparison between the use of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and acetylsalicylic acid. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1227-1234. [PMID: 26776955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that affects the arterial wall leading to myocardial, cerebral, and peripheral ischemic syndromes. The use of low doses of aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and inflammation and prevents cardiovascular mortality. However, ASA may produce hemorrhagic events. Thus, several studies have sought new natural compounds to suppress platelet aggregation without causing serious adverse effects. PURPOSE In this sense, this study aims to compare the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa plant extract with those of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on inflammatory parameters observed in homozygous mice knockout for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr-KO) treated with a hypercholesterolemic diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 28 male LDLr-KO mice were divided into three groups and fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the animals that received the hypercholesterolemic diet were treated for 5 days with (1) distilled water, (2) C. xanthocarpa extract, or (3) acetylsalicylic acid. The levels of inflammatory markers were assessed in the blood samples. The gastric tolerability of the animals after oral administration of the treatments was assessed through quantification of the lesions in the gastric mucosa. RESULTS The levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and INF-γ were reduced to 19.2 ± 3%, 20.4 + 1.3%, 24.7 ± 1.2%, and 20.8 ± 1.7%, respectively, in the group treated with C. xanthocarpa, when compared to control group. Furthermore, treatment with plant extract significantly increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by 27.3 ± 5.9%, but ASA showed no significant effect on the same cytokines when compared to the control group, with the exception of IL-10, which presented an increase of 8.6 ± 3.5%. Treatments with C. xanthocarpa and ASA also caused significant reductions of 26.4 ± 3% and 38.4± 6% in the serum levels of oxLDL, respectively. However, only treatment with C. xanthocarpa reduced the levels of anti-oxLDL antibodies when compared with the control (25.8 ± 6%). In addition, the analyzed extract did not induce ulcerogenic activity, while ASA induced the formation of lesions. CONCLUSION In conclusion, treatment with C. xanthocarpa causes anti-inflammatory activity in hypercholesterolemic animals, with results superior to those obtained with the use of ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Zeni Klafke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (PPGAIS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Lelis Dias Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (PPGAIS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Garcez Porto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (PPGAIS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Spring de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (PPGAIS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Horbach Rubin
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Schmidt
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Beutler
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nascimento
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Cricíuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Duarte
- Centro de ciências da saúde, Pós-Graduação em farmacologia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (PPGAIS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde (GMS), Universidade de Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa (CEP), Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta (ICCA), 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil.
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cercato LM, White PAS, Nampo FK, Santos MRV, Camargo EA. A systematic review of medicinal plants used for weight loss in Brazil: Is there potential for obesity treatment? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:286-96. [PMID: 26520790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a pandemic disease and its prevalence is still increasing. Moreover, it has important costs to public health. In Brazil, many plants are used for weight loss by overweight or obese people, but there is a lack of scientific basis for this practice. Many ethnobotanical studies aiming to characterize this usage have been published, but they are still limited by the region considered and the diversity of the popular knowledge. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to systematically review the ethnobotanical surveys regarding the species utilized to reduce body weight in overweight or obese people in Brazil. METHODS Ethnobotanical surveys related to this usage and performed in Brazilian regions were systematically found in MEDLINE, LILACS and Scopus. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included in this review. Fifty species were popularly utilized to lose weight. The most cited species were Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC, Annona muricata L. and Hancornia speciosa Gomes. Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. were also cited and are supported by either animal or human investigations that indicate some beneficial activity against obesity. However, for the majority of species cited in the included studies, there is no scientific basis that assures the biological effects of this usage. Many studies have demonstrated important effects of these plants on glycemia, serum lipid levels or body weight control in non-obese conditions, which is not sufficient to recommend the use of these plants to reduce body weight in overweight or obese people. CONCLUSIONS Although many plants are popularly used to reduce weight in overweight or obese people in Brazil, there is little scientific evidence corroborating its usage. Based on the ethnobotanical data presented, this review indicates the plants that should be considered for scientifically controlled studies devoted to investigating their effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Cercato
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna A S White
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Fernando K Nampo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Márcio R V Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil.
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Antioxidation Effect of Simvastatin in Aorta and Hippocampus: A Rabbit Model Fed High-Cholesterol Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6929306. [PMID: 26798426 PMCID: PMC4699013 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6929306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We show that hypercholesterolemia contributes to oxidative stress injury progression in brain and simvastatin counteracts the cholesterol-induced peroxidation injury in rabbit hippocampus, and we demonstrate for the first time that the simvastatin is a critical role in brain protection and identify HO-1 and other related antioxidant enzymes as molecular target for active redox compounds. Second, our experiments have pointed out an association between statin treatment and a decrease in the risk of having peroxidation damage of brain. The balance effects of simvastatin to ROS and antioxidants enzymes network are most probably due to improved SOD functional activity, increase in GSH-Px, increase in HO-1 expression, and decrease of MDA generation.
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Klafke JZ, Porto FG, Batista R, Bochi GV, Moresco RN, da Luz PL, Viecili PRN. Association between hypertriglyceridemia and protein oxidation and proinflammatory markers in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic individuals. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:50-7. [PMID: 26115893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease, evidence suggests that increased triglyceride (TG) concentrations are also an independent risk factor. TG concentrations >150mg/dl are observed nearly twice as often in subjects with atherosclerosis. We assessed the association between hypertriglyceridemia and protein oxidation and proinflammatory markers in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic individuals. METHODS We included 127 volunteers enrolled in Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil. The patients were stratified based on total cholesterol and TG concentrations for analysis of associations with inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP), endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide - NOx) and oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products - AOPPs; ischemia-modified albumin - IMA). Correlations between variables were determined and multiple regression analysis was employed to investigate whether some variables correlate with TG concentrations. RESULTS Hypertriglyceridemia was related to oxidative stress and proinflammatory markers in individuals independent of total cholesterol concentrations. Moreover, the results indicate a stronger association of tested biomarkers with TG concentrations than with total cholesterol. The results indicate a positive correlation between oxidative stress and TG concentrations in the sera of hypercholesterolemia subjects. AOPPs and IMA concentrations were associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia in a manner that was independent of age, gender, hypertension and diabetes mellitus disease, smoking habits, sedentary lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that TG concentrations can reflect the enhancement of protein oxidation and proinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Zeni Klafke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Garcez Porto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselaine Batista
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Protásio Lemos da Luz
- Instituto de Cardiologia-InCor-Hospital da Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-HCFM-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
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Zhao LY, Li J, Yuan F, Li M, Zhang Q, Huang YY, Pang JY, Zhang B, Sun FY, Sun HS, Li Q, Cao L, Xie Y, Lin YC, Liu J, Tan HM, Wang GL. Xyloketal B attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation and endothelial dysfunction in apolipoprotein e deficient mice. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2306-26. [PMID: 25874925 PMCID: PMC4413213 DOI: 10.3390/md13042306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that xyloketal B, a novel marine compound with a unique chemical structure, has strong antioxidant actions and can protect against endothelial injury in different cell types cultured in vitro and model organisms in vivo. The oxidative endothelial dysfunction and decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are critical for the development of atherosclerotic lesion. We thus examined whether xyloketal B had an influence on the atherosclerotic plaque area in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We found in our present study that the administration of xyloketal B dose-dependently decreased the atherosclerotic plaque area both in the aortic sinus and throughout the aorta in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. In addition, xyloketal B markedly reduced the levels of vascular oxidative stress, as well as improving the impaired endothelium integrity and NO-dependent aortic vasorelaxation in atherosclerotic mice. Moreover, xyloketal B significantly changed the phosphorylation levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt without altering the expression of total eNOS and Akt in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Here, it increased eNOS phosphorylation at the positive regulatory site of Ser-1177, while inhibiting phosphorylation at the negative regulatory site of Thr-495. Taken together, these findings indicate that xyloketal B has dramatic anti-atherosclerotic effects in vivo, which is partly due to its antioxidant features and/or improvement of endothelial function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/adverse effects
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/ultrastructure
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/adverse effects
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/drug therapy
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/prevention & control
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyrans/adverse effects
- Pyrans/pharmacology
- Pyrans/therapeutic use
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (L.-Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mail:
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (L.-Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; E-Mail:
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (Q.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Yun-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ji-Yan Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mail:
| | - Fang-Yun Sun
- Lab for Basic Research of Life Science, School of Medicine, Tibet Institute for Nationalities, Xianyang 712082, China; E-Mails:
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (Q.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (Q.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (L.-Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Yong-Cheng Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (J.-Y.P.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (L.-Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong-Mei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (Q.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.C.)
- Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.-M.T.); (G.-L.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-8733-4055 (H.-M.T.); Tel.: +86-020-8733-0300 (G.-L.W.); Fax: +86-020-8733-1155 (G.-L.W.)
| | - Guan-Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails: (L.-Y.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
- Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules in Oceanic Microorganism, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.-M.T.); (G.-L.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-8733-4055 (H.-M.T.); Tel.: +86-020-8733-0300 (G.-L.W.); Fax: +86-020-8733-1155 (G.-L.W.)
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