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Hashim N, Babiker R, Mohammed R, Rehman MM, Chaitanya NC, Gobara B. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis Advance in the Management. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1110-S1119. [PMID: 38882867 PMCID: PMC11174327 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1118_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory chemicals are released by the immune system in response to any perceived danger, including irritants and pathogenic organisms. The caspase activation and the response of inflammation are governed by inflammasomes, which are sensors and transmitters of the innate immune system. They have always been linked to swelling and pain. Research has mainly concentrated on the NOD-like protein transmitter 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are activated by the NOD-like antibody protein receptor 3 (NLRP3), which controls innate immune responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with gum disease and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several studies. Scientists' discovery of IL-1's central role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders has increased public awareness of these conditions. The first disease to be connected with aberrant inflammasome activation was the autoinflammatory cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Targeted therapeutics against IL-1 have been delayed in development because their underlying reasons are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been related to higher production and activation in periodontitis. Multiple periodontal cell types are controlled by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To promote osteoclast genesis, the NLRP3 inflammasome either increases receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) synthesis or decreases osteoclast-promoting gene (OPG) levels. By boosting cytokines that promote inflammation in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and triggering apoptosis in osteoblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates immune cell activity. These findings support further investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for the medical treatment of periodontitis. This article provides a short overview of the NLRP3 inflammatory proteins and discusses their role in the onset of autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hashim
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Rasha Babiker
- RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras-al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Riham Mohammed
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | | | - Nallan Csk Chaitanya
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Bakri Gobara
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Pink C, Holtfreter B, Völzke H, Nauck M, Dörr M, Kocher T. Periodontitis and systemic inflammation as independent and interacting risk factors for mortality: evidence from a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:430. [PMID: 37953258 PMCID: PMC10642059 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted the role of low-grade systemic inflammation in linking periodontitis to cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, but many aspects remain unclear. This study examines the independent and reciprocal associations of periodontitis and low-grade systemic inflammation with all-cause and CVD mortality in a large-scale cohort. METHODS A total of 3047 participants from the prospective, population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START) were followed for a period of 13.0 ± 2.4 years. For the association between various inflammation/periodontitis measures and mortality, hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained from covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Interactions were analysed in joint models: on the multiplicative scale, HRs were reported and on the additive scale, relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) were calculated. Subject and variable-specific interval records were used to account for time-varying exposures and covariates. RESULTS During the observation period, 380 (12.5%) individuals died from CVD (n = 125) or other causes (n = 255). All markers of periodontitis and inflammation showed apparent associations with all-cause mortality (HRs per SD-increase: mean PPD: 1.068 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.988-1.155), mean CAL: 1.205 (95% CI: 1.097-1.323), missing teeth: 1.180 (95% CI: 1.065-1.307), periodontitis score: 1.394 (95% CI: 1.202-1.616), leukocytes: 1.264 (95% CI: 1.163-1.374), fibrinogen: 1.120 (95% CI: 1.030-1.218), CRP: 1.231 (95% CI: 1.109-1.366), inflammation score: 1.358 (95% CI: 1.210-1.523)). For CVD mortality, all PPD related variables showed significant associations. Interaction modelling revealed some variation with respect to mortality type and exposure combinations. On the additive scale, RERIs for periodontitis score and inflammation score implied 18.9% and 27.8% excess mortality risk for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. On the multiplicative scale, the HRs for interaction were marginal. CONCLUSIONS Both periodontitis and inflammation were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. On the additive scale, a substantial excess risk was observed due to the interaction of periodontitis and inflammation, suggesting that the greatest treatment benefit may be achieved in patients with both periodontitis and high systemic inflammation. As periodontal therapy has been reported to also reduce systemic inflammation, the possibility of a reduction in CVD mortality risk by anti-inflammatory treatments, including periodontal interventions, seems worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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Zhang Z, Ge S, Zhai G, Yu S, Cui Z, Si S, Chou X. Incidence and risk of periodontitis in obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271738. [PMID: 35862412 PMCID: PMC9302852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction At present, the possible relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis has been reported. The link remains ambiguous and unclear. The objective of this study is to assess the association between OSA and periodontitis. Methods Three databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and the Web of Science, were systematically searched to identify eligible studies that from their establishment to February 2022 for relevant studies. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of pooled-effects more accurately. Results A summary analysis of the 9 results from the studies covering 43,414 individuals showed a statistical association results of the between OSA and the incidence rate of periodontitis(OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.49–0.55; I2 = 98.43%; P = 0.000). In addition, OSA patients and the risk of the population were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis.(OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06–2.06; P = 0.00). Conclusions Our results indicated that OSA may be associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Further studies are required to confirm the link and explore the underlying mechanism of the link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yanbian Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sitong Ge
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guanhong Zhai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yanbian Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sihan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yanbian Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhezhu Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yanbian Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shurui Si
- Department of Stomatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Chou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yanbian Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Wittfeld K, Raman MR, Conner SC, Aslam A, Teumer A, Nauck M, Hosten N, Habes M, DeCarli C, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Himali JJ, Seshadri S, Grabe HJ, Satizabal CL. Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Inflammation, and MRI Markers of Alzheimer's Disease in Predominantly Middle-Aged Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:311-322. [PMID: 35599493 PMCID: PMC9472289 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, and further evidence suggests inflammation can be a moderator of this association. However, most research to date has been conducted on older adults. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of serum IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations with MRI markers of Alzheimer's disease in predominantly middle-aged adults, and further assess moderation by chronic inflammation. METHODS We included participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,852, mean age 46±8, 46% men) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (n = 674, mean age 50±13, 42% men) with available serum IGF-1, IFGBP-3, as well as brain MRI. IGF-1 and IFGBP-3 were related to MRI outcomes (i.e., total brain, cortical gray matter, white matter, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and hippocampal volumes) using multivariable regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses by C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also performed. Cohort-specific summary statistics were meta-analyzed using random-effects models and corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Meta-analysis results revealed that higher IGF-1 concentrations were associated with lower WMH (estimate [β] [95% CI], -0.05 [-0.09, -0.02], p = 0.006) and larger hippocampal volumes (0.07 [0.02, 0.12], p = 0.01), independent of vascular risk factors. These associations occurred predominantly in individuals with CRP concentrations < 75th percentile. We did not observe associations between IGFBP-3 and MRI outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IGF-1-related signaling may be implicated in brain health as early as midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mekala R Raman
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Conner
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asra Aslam
- Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Alhassani AA, Hu FB, Rosner BA, Tabung FK, Willett WC, Joshipura KJ. The relationship between inflammatory dietary pattern and incidence of periodontitis. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1698-1708. [PMID: 33413729 PMCID: PMC8263800 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The long-term inflammatory impact of diet could potentially elevate the risk of periodontal disease through modification of systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the associations between a food-based, reduced rank regression (RRR)-derived, empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and incidence of periodontitis. The study population was composed of 34 940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, who were free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline (1986). Participants provided medical and dental history through mailed questionnaires every 2 years and dietary data through validated semi-quantitative FFQ every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between EDIP scores and validated self-reported incidence of periodontal disease over a 24-year follow-up period. No overall association between EDIP and the risk of periodontitis was observed; the hazard ratio comparing the highest EDIP quintile (most proinflammatory diet) with the lowest quintile was 0·99 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·10, P-value for trend = 0·97). A secondary analysis showed that among obese non-smokers (i.e. never and former smokers at baseline), the hazard ratio for periodontitis comparing the highest EDIP quintile with the lowest was 1·39 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·96, P-value for trend = 0·03). In conclusion, no overall association was detected between EDIP and incidence of self-reported periodontitis in the study population. From the subgroups evaluated, EDIP was significantly associated with increased risk of periodontitis only among non-smokers who were obese. Hence, this association must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Alhassani
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bernard A. Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kaumudi J. Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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The Association between Nutritional Alterations and Oral Lesions in a Pediatric Population: An Epidemiological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9992451. [PMID: 34746317 PMCID: PMC8570851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9992451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The oral conditions of an individual are the result of different factors, including the subject's genotype, oral hygiene habits, the type of diet, and lifestyle, such as smoking. Nutrition in the first years of life can affect dental health for a long time. To prevent mouth diseases, it is also important to eliminate unfavorable eating behaviour and to amplify protective ones. Eating habits, especially in pediatric age, are an easily modifiable and controllable factor, and diet, in addition to influencing the health of the oral cavity, plays a fundamental role in systemic health. Indeed, a sugar-rich diet can lead to conditions, such as diabetes, being overweight, and obesity. The present research was an epidemiological study, with the aim of highlighting some of the associations between nutrition and oral health. In particular, we studied those lesions of hard and soft tissues that are diagnosed most frequently by dentists: caries, enamel hypoplasia, periodontal disease, and aphotoxic lesions and their associations with nutritional deficiencies and excesses including proteins, vitamin A, vitamin D, B vitamins, and iron and calcium minerals. To perform this study, we recruited 70 patients from the pediatric and orthodontic clinics, aged between 3 and 15 years (y), with mean age of 10.4 y.o. The study was conducted by providing a questionnaire to pediatric patients' (supported from their parents or guardians) on individual eating habits, followed by an accurate oral cavity specialistic examination. The nutritional data were processed by using Grana Padano Observatory (OGP) software, freely provided online by the OPG. The statistical tests performed were the chi-square (χ2) for independence, and Cramér's V test was used to evaluate the associations between eating habits and oral pathologies. The results showed that certain nutritional vitamin deficiencies and nutritional excesses were associated with definite oral pathologies.
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Moritz E, Jedlitschky G, Negnal J, Tzvetkov MV, Daum G, Dörr M, Felix SB, Völzke H, Nauck M, Schwedhelm E, Meisel P, Kocher T, Rauch BH, Holtfreter B. Increased Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Serum Concentrations in Subjects with Periodontitis: A Matter of Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2883-2896. [PMID: 34234513 PMCID: PMC8256099 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s302117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity with an alarmingly high prevalence within the adult population. The signaling lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a crucial role in inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. In addition to cardiovascular disease, sepsis and tumor entities, S1P has been recently identified as both mediator and biomarker in osteoporosis. We hypothesized that S1P may play a role in periodontitis as an inflammation-prone bone destructive disorder. The goal of our study was to evaluate associations between periodontitis and S1P serum concentrations in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend cohort. In addition, we investigated the expression of S1P metabolizing enzymes in inflamed gingival tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 3371 participants (51.6% women) of the SHIP-Trend cohort. Periodontal parameters and baseline characteristics were assessed. Serum S1P was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The expression of S1P metabolizing enzymes was determined by immunofluorescence staining of human gingival tissue. RESULTS S1P serum concentrations were significantly increased in subjects with both moderate and severe periodontitis, assessed as probing depth and clinical attachment loss. In contrast, no significant association of S1P was seen with caries variables (number and percentage of decayed or filled surfaces). S1P concentrations significantly increased with increasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Interestingly, inflamed compared to normal human gingival tissue exhibited elevated expression levels of the S1P-generating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1). CONCLUSION We report an intriguingly significant association of various periodontal parameters with serum levels of the inflammatory lipid mediator S1P. Our data point towards a key role of S1P during periodontitis pathology. Modulation of local S1P levels or its signaling properties may represent a potential future therapeutic strategy to prevent or to retard periodontitis progression and possibly reduce periodontitis-related tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Moritz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Jedlitschky
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josefine Negnal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Humburg, Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department of Human Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Dental Clinics, Department of Periodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Zeng J, Jia N, Ji C, Zhong S, Chai Q, Zou C, Chen L. Plaque control alleviated renal damage that was aggravated by experimental periodontitis in obese rats. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1228-1239. [PMID: 33660360 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of experimental periodontitis on renal damage in obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 8 animals each: obese rats (obese group), obese rats with periodontitis (periodontitis obese group), obese rats with periodontitis that underwent plaque control (plaque-control obese group), and healthy rats (healthy group). Rats were fed a high-fat diet to establish an obesity model. Experimental periodontitis was induced by local ligation with silk around the bilateral maxillary second molars. The plaque control was accomplished by removing ligations and local wiping with an antiseptic rinse. Histology was used to observe the gingival inflammation and clinical attachment level (CAL) to further assess bone loss and to also observe renal structure. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels were measured to evaluate renal function. Renal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured to evaluate renal and systemic inflammation. RESULTS Periodontal histology showed that in the periodontitis obese group, the epithelial barrier was considerably eroded by inflammatory cells, which infiltrated into the subepithelial connective tissue and lamina propria. A periodontal pocket was forming accompanied by the loss of attachment. The extent of infiltration of inflammatory cells and the CAL were significantly higher than those of the obese group (p < .001). In the plaque-control obese group, although the inflammatory condition was significantly improved than in the periodontitis obese group, the clinical attachment level with the presence of fiber hyperplasia could not be restored. Renal histology showed that renal tubular structural damage was aggravated in the periodontitis obese group, including vacuolar degeneration, exfoliation of the proximal tubular epithelial cell lining, multifocal loss of the brush border, and movement of several nuclei from the basement membrane to the lumen. These alterations were improved in the plaque-control obese group. Kidney TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA levels increased significantly in the periodontitis obese group compared to the obese group (p = .015 and p = .015, respectively) and decreased significantly in the plaque-control obese group (p = .028 and p = .021, respectively). Kidney TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression in the plaque-control obese group were significantly lower than those in the periodontitis obese group (p < .001 and p = .043, respectively). Serum creatinine and KIM-1 levels significantly decreased in the plaque-control obese group compared to the periodontitis obese group (p = .001 and p = .002, respectively). At 21 weeks (1 week after periodontal ligation), serum CRP levels in the periodontitis obese group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group (p = .017). Other serum inflammatory markers (LPS and IL-1β) did not change significantly. CONCLUSION Experimental periodontitis induced dysfunction and structural destruction of the kidney in obese rats. Plaque control relieved renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Jia
- School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sulan Zhong
- School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxue Chai
- School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Holtfreter B, Stubbe B, Gläser S, Trabandt J, Völzke H, Ewert R, Kocher T, Ittermann T, Schäper C. Periodontitis Is Related to Exercise Capacity: Two Cross-sectional Studies. J Dent Res 2021; 100:824-832. [PMID: 33655783 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521995428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a potential link between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a reasonable explanation for effects of tooth-related alterations seen on cardiometabolic diseases, evidence is currently limited. Thus, we investigated the association between clinically assessed periodontitis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Data from 2 independent cross-sectional population-based studies (5-y follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania [SHIP-1; N = 1,639] and SHIP-Trend-0 [N = 2,439]) were analyzed. Participants received a half-mouth periodontal examination, and teeth were counted. CPET was based on symptom limited-exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. Associations of periodontitis parameters with CPET parameters were analyzed by confounder-adjusted multivariable linear regression. In the total sample, mean pocket probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were consistently associated with peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and exercise duration in both studies, even after restriction to cardiorespiratory healthy participants. Statistically significant associations with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), slope of the efficiency of ventilation in removing carbon dioxide, and peak oxygen pulse (VÉ/VCO2 slope) occurred. Further, interactions with age were identified, such that mainly older individuals with higher levels of periodontal disease severity were associated with lower peakVO2. Restricted to never smokers, associations with mean clinical attachment levels and the number of teeth mostly diminished, while associations of mean PPD with peakVO2, VO2@AT, VÉ/VCO2 slope, and exercise duration in SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend-0 were confirmed. In SHIP-1, mean peakVO2 was 1,895 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 1.6 mm and 1,809 mL/min in participants with a mean PPD of 3.7 mm. To conclude, only mean PPD reflecting current disease severity was consistently linked to cardiorespiratory fitness in 2 cross-sectional samples of the general population. If confirmed in well-designed large-scale longitudinal studies, the association between periodontitis and cardiorespiratory fitness might provide a biologically plausible mechanism linking periodontitis with cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Weaning, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vivantes Kliniken Berlin, Neukölln, Germany
| | - J Trabandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vivantes Kliniken Berlin, Neukölln, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Weaning, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Schäper
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Weaning, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Abstract
This paper concerns the assessment of the current state of dentistry in the world and the prospects of its sustainable development. A traditional Chinese censer was adopted as the pattern, with a strong and stable support on three legs. The dominant diseases of the oral cavity are caries and periodontal diseases, with the inevitable consequence of toothlessness. From the caries 3.5–5 billion people suffer. Moreover, each of these diseases has a wide influence on the development of systemic complications. The territorial range of these diseases and their significant differentiation in severity in different countries and their impact on disability-adjusted life years index are presented (DALY). Edentulousness has a significant impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The etiology of these diseases is presented, as well as the preventive and therapeutic strategies undertaken as a result of modifying the Deming circle through the fives’ rules idea. The state of development of Dentistry 4.0 is an element of the current stage of the industrial revolution Industry 4.0 and the great achievements of modern dental engineering. Dental treatment examples from the authors’ own clinical practice are given. The systemic safety of a huge number of dentists in the world is discussed, in place of the passive strategy of using more and more advanced personal protective equipment (PPE), introducing our own strategy for the active prevention of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2. The ethical aspects of dentists’ activity towards their own patients and the ethical obligations of the dentist community towards society are discussed in detail. This paper is a polemic arguing against the view presented by a group of eminent specialists in the middle of last year in The Lancet. It is impossible to disagree with these views when it comes to waiting for egalitarianism in dental care, increasing the scope of prevention and eliminating discrimination in this area on the basis of scarcity and poverty. The views on the discrimination of dentistry in relation to other branches of medicine are far more debatable. Therefore, relevant world statistics for other branches of medicine are presented. The authors of this paper do not agree with the thesis that interventional dental treatment can be replaced with properly implemented prophylaxis. The final remarks, therefore, present a discussion of the prospects for the development of dentistry based on three pillars, analogous to the traditional Chinese censer obtaining a stable balance thanks to its three legs. The Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) > 2020 model, consisting of Global Dental Prevention (GDP), Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), and Dentistry Safety System (DSS), is presented.
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11
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Isola G, Alibrandi A, Currò M, Matarese M, Ricca S, Matarese G, Ientile R, Kocher T. Evaluation of salivary and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in patients with periodontal and cardiovascular disease as subclinical marker of cardiovascular risk. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1076-1084. [PMID: 31912509 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a crucial role in endothelial function and maybe a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD). In this pilot study, we compared the impact of gingival health, periodontitis (CP), CHD, or of both diseases (CP + CHD) on salivary and serum ADMA levels. METHODS The clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 35 patients with CP, 33 patients with CHD, 35 patients with both CP + CHD, and 35 healthy subjects. Levels of ADMA and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit. RESULTS The median (25% and 75% percentile) concentrations of salivary and serum ADMA were significantly higher in the CHD group [serum: 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) μmol/L; salivary 1.3 (1 to 1.7) μmol/g protein, P < 0.01] and in the CP + CHD [serum: 1.8 (1.4 to 2.0) μmol/L; salivary 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7) μmol/g protein, P < 0.001] group compared to CP patients and controls. In univariate models, CP (P = 0.034), CHD (P < 0.001), and hs-CRP (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with serum ADMA, whereas in a multivariate model, hs-CRP remained a significant predictor of serum ADMA (P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary ADMA levels were hs-CRP (P < 0.001) and education socioeconomic status (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CHD and CP + CHD presented higher levels of salivary and serum ADMA compared to healthy subjects and CP patients. hs-CRP was a significant predictor of increased salivary and serum ADMA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Odontostomatological Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Matarese
- Department of Biomedical and Odontostomatological Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Ricca
- Department of Biomedical and Odontostomatological Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matarese
- Department of Biomedical and Odontostomatological Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Odontostomatological Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Schenkein HA, Papapanou PN, Genco R, Sanz M. Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:90-106. [PMID: 32385879 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is central to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a group of diseases in which arteries become occluded with atheromas that may rupture, leading to different cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. There is a large body of epidemiologic and animal model evidence associating periodontitis with atherosclerotic disease, and many potential mechanisms linking these diseases have been elucidated. This chapter will update knowledge on these mechanisms, which generally fall into 2 categories: microbial invasion and infection of atheromas; and inflammatory and immunologic. With respect to the invasion and infection of atheromas, it is well established that organisms from the subgingival biofilm can enter the circulation and lodge in most distant tissues. Bacteremias resulting from oral interventions, and even oral hygiene activities, are well documented. More recently, indirect routes of entry of oral organisms (via phagocytes or dendritic cells) have been described for many oral organisms, into many tissues. Such organisms include the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Intracellular survival of these organisms with dissemination to distant sites (The Trojan Horse approach) has been described. Their relative contribution to atheroma formation and progression has been studied mainly in experimental research, with results demonstrating that these organisms can invade endothelial cells and phagocytic cells within the atheroma, leading to pathogenic changes and progression of the atheroma lesion. The second category of mechanisms potentially linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis includes the dumping of inflammatory mediators originating from periodontal lesions into the systemic circulation. These inflammatory mediators, such as C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrinogen, and other hemostatic factors, would further accelerate atheroma formation and progression, mainly through oxidative stress and inflammatory dysfunction. Moreover, direct effects on lipid oxidation have also been described. In summary, the evidence supports the concept that periodontitis enhances the levels of systemic mediators of inflammation that are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, NewYork, New York, USA
| | - Robert Genco
- Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Herrera D, Molina A, Buhlin K, Klinge B. Periodontal diseases and association with atherosclerotic disease. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:66-89. [PMID: 32385870 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases still account for the majority of deaths worldwide, although significant improvements in survival, after being affected by cardiovascular disease, have been achieved in the last decades. Periodontal diseases are also a common global burden. Several studies have shown a link between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis, although evidence is still lacking regarding the direct cause-effect relation. During the 2012 "Periodontitis and systemic diseases" workshop, the available evidence on the association between cardiovascular and periodontal diseases was discussed, covering biologic plausibility and clinical studies. The objective of the present narrative review was to update the previous reviews presented at the 2012 workshop, following similar methodological approaches, aiming to critically assess the available evidence. With regard to biologic plausibility, two aspects were reviewed: (a) for microbiologic mechanisms, assessing periodontal bacteria as a contributing factor to atherosclerosis based on seven "proofs," substantial evidence was found for Proofs 1 through 6, but not for Proof 7 (periodontal bacteria obtained from human atheromas can cause atherosclerosis in animal models), concluding that periodontal pathogens can contribute to atherosclerosis; (b) mechanistic studies, addressing five different inflammatory pathways that could explain the links between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease with the addition of some extra pathways , suggest an association between both entities, based on the presence of higher levels of these inflammatory markers in patients with periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, vs healthy controls, as well as on the evidence that periodontal treatment reduces serum levels of these mediators. When evidence from clinical studies was analyzed, two aspects were covered: (a) epidemiologic studies support the estimation that the incidence of atherosclerotic disease is higher in individuals with periodontitis than in individuals with no reported periodontitis, irrespective of many common risk factors, but with a substantial variability in the definitions used in reporting of exposure to periodontal diseases in different studies; (b) intervention trials have shown that periodontal therapy can reduce serum inflammatory mediators, improve the lipids profile, and induce positive changes in other cardiovascular disease surrogate measures, but no evidence is available to support that adequate periodontal therapy is able to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases, or the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Molina
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kare Buhlin
- Perio Section, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Klinge
- Perio Section, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden
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14
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Cecoro G, Annunziata M, Iuorio MT, Nastri L, Guida L. Periodontitis, Low-Grade Inflammation and Systemic Health: A Scoping Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060272. [PMID: 32486269 PMCID: PMC7353850 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory infectious disease in which an infection is necessary, but not sufficient, for development of the condition. Individual susceptibility strictly linked to the immune and inflammatory response of the organism must also be present. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) is a systemic status of chronic sub-clinical production of inflammatory factors. This condition represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. This scoping review aims to clarify, summarize and disseminate current knowledge on the possible link between periodontitis, LGI and systemic health. Materials and Methods: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were followed. An ad-hoc created keyword string was used to search the electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov. A hand search of specialized journals and their reference lists was also performed. Results: 14 studies that respected eligibility criteria were selected and analyzed. There is emerging evidence of strong links between periodontitis, LGI and systemic health. On the one hand, periodontitis influences the systemic status of LGI and on the other hand, the systemic production of inflammatory factors affects periodontitis with a bidirectional connection. Conclusions: LGI and the subsequent onset of a systemic inflammatory phenotype can be considered the common substrate of many chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis, with multiple mutual connections between them. Understanding of the biological principles and mechanisms underlying such a complex interrelationship could lead to significant improvements in the field of personalized diagnostics and therapeutic protocols.
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15
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Isola G, Giudice AL, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Patini R, Ferlito S. Periodontitis and Tooth Loss Have Negative Systemic Impact on Circulating Progenitor Cell Levels: A Clinical Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1022. [PMID: 31817862 PMCID: PMC6947645 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association and impact of periodontitis and tooth loss on a subtype of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels (CD133+/KDR+). Furthermore, the objective was to determine if the periodontal status influenced CD133+/KDR+ levels. In all, 88 patients with periodontitis and 79 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were examined and characterized by clinical and blood sample analysis. Spearman's correlation test was applied in order to assess the interdependence between CD133+/KDR+ levels and all periodontal parameters. In order to estimate a statistically significant trend (p-trend) for ordered CD133++/KDR+ quartiles, the Jonckheere-Terpstra test was applied for all variables. Patients in the periodontitis group presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels (66.4 (45.5-269.6 cells/µL)) compared to the HC group (76.7 (24.3-313.2 cells/µL), p < 0.001). Lower CD133+/KDR+ levels negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), with the number of teeth, and with all periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a proportional increase in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a progressive increase in number of teeth (p-trend < 0.001), while there was a proportional decrease in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a proportional increase in clinical attachment level (CAL, p-trend = 0.003), probing depth (PD, p-trend = 0.007), and bleeding sites (bleeding on probing (BOP), p-trend < 0.001) as an extent measure of periodontitis. This study demonstrated that patients with periodontitis presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels compared to HCs. Moreover, all patients presented an increase in the CD133+/KDR+ EPC levels with an extended level of periodontitis and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
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16
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Wangerin C, Pink C, Endlich K, Rettig R, Stracke S, Nauck M, Völzke H, Kocher T, Holtfreter B. Long-term Association of Periodontitis With Decreased Kidney Function. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 73:513-524. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Romandini M, Laforí A, Romandini P, Baima G, Cordaro M. Periodontitis and platelet count: A new potential link with cardiovascular and other systemic inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1299-1310. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Romandini
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
- Currently undertaking the EFP Program in Periodontology at Complutense University; Madrid Spain
| | - Andreina Laforí
- Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics; Policlinico “Umberto I” - “G. Eastman” Section; Rome Italy
| | - Pierluigi Romandini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
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18
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Poor oral health in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:3-9. [PMID: 29759350 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased rates of comorbid physical illness have been commonly reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, there are fewer data on dental disease in these patients. We systematically evaluated existing data on the oral health survey of schizophrenia patients through meta-analysis. Using the available databases, we performed a systematic search to identify the studies examining the oral health in schizophrenia patients from January 1997 to June 2017, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two investigators extracted the related data independently. The meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software after data extraction and quality assessment. We compared the oral health results between the schizophrenia patients and the general population, including the following measures: the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Eight studies comprising 2640 patients with schizophrenia and 19,698 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. The patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher scores of dental caries (mean difference [MD] = 7.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.27 to 12.27), missing teeth (MD = 7.61, 95% CI = 3.44 to 11.77), and decayed teeth (MD = 3.44, 95% CI = 2.06 to 4.82) compared to controls (all p < 0.01). By contrast, the schizophrenia patients had fewer score of filled teeth (MD = -3.06, 95% CI, -4.82 to -1.30) than the controls (p < 0.01), indicating decreased access to dental care. Our systematic review suggests that patients with schizophrenia have worse oral health than the general population, but have received less dental care services. Hence, the oral health services should be taken into account in the patients with schizophrenia.
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19
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Qiao F, Fu K, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Wu H, Xia Y, Bao X, Gu Y, Shi H, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. The association between missing teeth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:941-951. [PMID: 29779210 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Long-term oral chronic inflammatory process is closely related to systemic inflammation, which is a main mechanism involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tooth loss could reflect the accumulation of oral local inflammation, implying that number of missing teeth may associate with NAFLD. This study evaluated the association between missing teeth and presence of NAFLD in a general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 24,470 adults was carried out from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study. The self-reported number of missing teeth (excluding third molars) was recorded and classified into four categories: 0, 1-2, 3-5, and ≥6. The NAFLD was diagnosed by the liver ultrasonography. Associations were analysed by adjusted multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of NAFLD across the categories of missing teeth were as follows: in males, 1.00 (reference), 1.04 (0.93-1.16), 1.06 (0.90-1.24), and 1.40 (1.09-1.81) (p for trend = 0.04); in females, 1.00 (reference), 0.98 (0.83-1.15), 1.11 (0.90-1.37), and 1.07 (0.77-1.48) (p for trend = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS The number of missing teeth was associated with a higher presence of NAFLD in males but not females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Shi
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Does periodontitis affect diabetes incidence and haemoglobin A1c change? An 11-year follow-up study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 44:243-249. [PMID: 29249612 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM As periodontitis may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes, the effects of periodontitis on diabetes incidence and HbA1c change was quantified in a prospective cohort. METHODS Data from an 11-year follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed to evaluate the effects of periodontitis on incident diabetes and long-term HbA1c changes in 2047 subjects aged 20-81years. Diabetes was based on self-reported physician diagnoses, antidiabetic medication use, or HbA1c≥6.5% or non-fasting blood glucose levels ≥11.1mmol/L. To assess periodontal status, periodontal pockets were probed, and their depth and clinical attachment levels measured. For both measures, means and percentages of sites≥3mm were calculated. In addition, all probing depths≥4mm were summed (cumulative probing depth). Modified Poisson and multivariable linear models were applied, adjusted for age, gender, highest level of general education, marital status, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status and follow-up time. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 11.1years, 207 subjects developed diabetes. Baseline mean clinical attachment levels (CAL) and probing depths (PPD) were not significantly associated with either diabetes incidence [mean CALs, fourth quartile, incidence rate ratio=0.819, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.489-1.370; P=0.446] or long-term changes in HbA1c (mean CAL, fourth quartile, β=-0.086, 95% CI: -0.187, -0.016; P=0.098). Sensitivity analyses using alternative exposure definitions confirmed these results. CONCLUSION Contrary to the currently available literature, no convincing evidence was found of any potential association between periodontitis and diabetes incidence or HbA1c change.
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Kornman KS, Giannobile WV, Duff GW. Quo vadis: what is the future of periodontics? How will we get there? Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:353-371. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Akinkugbe AA, Avery CL, Barritt AS, Cole SR, Lerch M, Mayerle J, Offenbacher S, Petersmann A, Nauck M, Völzke H, Slade GD, Heiss G, Kocher T, Holtfreter B. Do Genetic Markers of Inflammation Modify the Relationship between Periodontitis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Findings from the SHIP Study. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1392-1399. [PMID: 28732187 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517720924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported by experimental animal and epidemiologic studies. This study investigated whether circulating levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and a weighted genetic CRP score representing markers of inflammatory burden modify the association between periodontitis and NAFLD. Data came from 2,481 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania who attended baseline examination that occurred between 1997 and 2001. Periodontitis was defined as the percentage of sites (0%, <30%, ≥30%) with probing pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm, and NAFLD status was determined using liver ultrasound assessment. Serum CRP levels were assayed at a central laboratory, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously identified through genome-wide association studies as robustly associated with serum CRP were combined into a weighted genetic CRP score (wGSCRP). Logistic regression models estimated the association between periodontitis and NAFLD within strata of serum CRP and separately within strata of the wGSCRP. The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.6, 28.1) while 17.8% (95% CI, 16.0-19.6) had ≥30% of sites with PD ≥4 mm. Whereas the wGSCRP was not a modifier ( Pinteraction = 0.8) on the multiplicative scale, serum CRP modified the relationship between periodontitis and NAFLD ( Pinteraction = 0.01). The covariate-adjusted prevalence odds ratio of NAFLD comparing participants with ≥30% of sites with PD ≥4 mm to those with no site affected was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.32-4.31) among participants with serum CRP <1 mg/L. The corresponding estimate was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.57-1.66) for participants with serum CRP levels of 1 to 3 mg/L and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.65-1.93) for participants with serum CRP >3 mg/L. Periodontitis was positively associated with higher prevalence odds of NAFLD, and this relationship was modified by serum CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akinkugbe
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C L Avery
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A S Barritt
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S R Cole
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Lerch
- 3 Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Mayerle
- 4 Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Offenbacher
- 5 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Petersmann
- 6 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Nauck
- 6 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- 7 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, and German Center of Diabetes Research, Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - G D Slade
- 8 Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Heiss
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T Kocher
- 9 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- 10 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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23
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Thanakun S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Izumi Y. Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity. Oral Dis 2017; 23:956-965. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thanakun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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24
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Romandini M, Gioco G, Perfetti G, Deli G, Staderini E, Laforì A. The association between periodontitis and sleep duration. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:490-501. [PMID: 28211083 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Due to its potential to influence systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and to predispose to bacterial infections, sleep duration could potentially be a risk factor for periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate if there was in 2012 an association between periodontitis and sleep duration in a representative sample of the South Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 5812 subjects representative of 39.4 million of adults were examined. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied controlling for age, gender, education, smoking status, alcoholism and consumption frequency of coffee, tea, chocolate and red wine. RESULTS Compared to the group sleeping ≤5 h/day, the adjusted odds ratios for periodontitis prevalence defined as Community Periodontal Index (CPI) = 4 were OR = 2.46 (95% CI: 1.20-5.06) in the 6 h/day sleepers group, OR = 2.66 (95% CI: 1.35-5.25) in the 7 h/day sleepers group, OR = 2.29 (95% CI: 1.13-4.63) in the 8 h/day sleepers group and OR = 4.27 (95% CI: 1.83-9.97) in the ≥9 h/day sleepers group. The association has shown to be highlighted in middle-aged people, females, non-smokers, lower educated, with lower lead and higher cadmium blood levels and with higher carotene dietary intake ones and to be partially mediated by lipid profile alterations, diabetes, serum Vitamin D levels and WBC count. CONCLUSIONS A novel, direct and independent association between sleep duration and the prevalence of periodontitis was found. However, it needs to be investigated how the factors influencing the sleep duration affect this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Romandini
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics, "G. Eastman" Dental Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gioele Gioco
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Perfetti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Deli
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Staderini
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreina Laforì
- School of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Moeller M, Pink C, Endlich N, Endlich K, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Dörr M, Nauck M, Lerch MM, Köhling R, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Fuellen G. Mortality is associated with inflammation, anemia, specific diseases and treatments, and molecular markers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175909. [PMID: 28422991 PMCID: PMC5397036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifespan is a complex trait, and longitudinal data for humans are naturally scarce. We report the results of Cox regression and Pearson correlation analyses using data of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), with mortality data of 1518 participants (113 of which died), over a time span of more than 10 years. We found that in the Cox regression model based on the Bayesian information criterion, apart from chronological age of the participant, six baseline variables were considerably associated with higher mortality rates: smoking, mean attachment loss (i.e. loss of tooth supporting tissue), fibrinogen concentration, albumin/creatinine ratio, treated gastritis, and medication during the last 7 days. Except for smoking, the causative contribution of these variables to mortality was deemed inconclusive. In turn, four variables were found to be associated with decreased mortality rates: treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy, treatment of dyslipidemia, IGF-1 and being female. Here, being female was an undisputed causative variable, the causal role of IFG-1 was deemed inconclusive, and the treatment effects were deemed protective to the degree that treated subjects feature better survival than respective controls. Using Cox modeling based on the Akaike information criterion, diabetes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and serum calcium were also associated with mortality. The latter two, together with albumin and fibrinogen, aligned with an”integrated albunemia” model of aging proposed recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Moeller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (TK); (GF)
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail: (TK); (GF)
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Wilkins LM, Kaye EK, Wang HY, Rogus J, Doucette-Stamm L, Kornman K, Garcia RI. Influence of Obesity on Periodontitis Progression Is Conditional on Interleukin-1 Inflammatory Genetic Variation. J Periodontol 2017; 88:59-68. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Silveira J, Albers M, Vargas D, Santa Helena E, Cordova C, Hannemann A, Wallaschofski H, Meisel P, Pink C, Samietz S, Schmidt C, Holtfreter B, Völzke H, Dörr M, Kocher T, Markus M. Reduced Bone Stiffness in Women Is Associated with Clinical Attachment and Tooth Loss. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1464-1471. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516666491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors evaluated the association of reduced bone stiffness of the calcaneus with clinical attachment loss (CAL) and tooth loss. The authors analyzed data from 4,678 subjects (2,384 women), aged 20 to 88 y, from the second follow-up of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) and the baseline examination of the SHIP-Trend cohort. Bone stiffness, characterized by the stiffness index (SI) and the osteoporotic fracture risk (OFR), was assessed by quantitative ultrasound of the heel. SI and OFR were significantly associated with the mean CAL in women. While 1) the SI showed a significant association with the mean CAL and 2) the OFR with the median number of teeth in just the postmenopausal women, the OFR showed a significant association with mean CAL for both pre- and postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, a 10-unit increase in the SI was associated with a decrease in the mean CAL of 0.05 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.10 to 0.00; P = 0.046). Moreover, the adjusted median number of teeth was 21.4 (95% CI: 20.9 to 21.9) among the postmenopausal women with a low OFR, while it was 19.1 (95% CI: 17.8 to 20.3; P = 0.001) among the postmenopausal women with a high OFR. For the premenopausal women with a low OFR, the mean CAL was 1.60 mm (95% CI: 1.53 to 1.66), while for the premenopausal women with a high OFR, it was 2.24 mm (95% CI: 1.78 to 2.69; P = 0.006). Reduced bone stiffness was associated with clinical attachment and tooth loss in women but not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Silveira
- Graduation Program in Public Health, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - M. Albers
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania / Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D.M. Vargas
- Graduation Program in Public Health, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - E.T. Santa Helena
- Graduation Program in Public Health, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - C.M. Cordova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduation Program in Chemistry, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - A. Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H. Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P. Meisel
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C. Pink
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. Samietz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerontology, and Biomaterials, Center of Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C.O. Schmidt
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania / Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B. Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H. Völzke
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania / Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T. Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M.R. Markus
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania / Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research), Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Pink C, Kocher T, Meisel P, Dörr M, Markus MRP, Jablonowski L, Grotevendt A, Nauck M, Holtfreter B. Longitudinal effects of systemic inflammation markers on periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:988-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pink
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Marcello R. P. Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine B; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- Department Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research; Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
- DZD (German Center for Diabetes Research); Partner Site Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Anne Grotevendt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Pedodontics and Primary Prevention; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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29
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Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Naidu M, Abeles SR, Boehm TK, Ly M, Pride DT. Transcriptome analysis of bacteriophage communities in periodontal health and disease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:549. [PMID: 26215258 PMCID: PMC4515923 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of viruses as members of the human microbiome has gained broader attention with the discovery that human body surfaces are inhabited by sizeable viral communities. The majority of the viruses identified in these communities have been bacteriophages that predate upon cellular microbiota rather than the human host. Phages have the capacity to lyse their hosts or provide them with selective advantages through lysogenic conversion, which could help determine the structure of co-existing bacterial communities. Because conditions such as periodontitis are associated with altered bacterial biota, phage mediated perturbations of bacterial communities have been hypothesized to play a role in promoting periodontal disease. Oral phage communities also differ significantly between periodontal health and disease, but the gene expression of oral phage communities has not been previously examined. RESULTS Here, we provide the first report of gene expression profiles from the oral bacteriophage community using RNA sequencing, and find that oral phages are more highly expressed in subjects with relative periodontal health. While lysins were highly expressed, the high proportion of integrases expressed suggests that prophages may account for a considerable proportion of oral phage gene expression. Many of the transcriptome reads matched phages found in the oral cavities of the subjects studied, indicating that phages may account for a substantial proportion of oral gene expression. Reads homologous to siphoviruses that infect Firmicutes were amongst the most prevalent transcriptome reads identified in both periodontal health and disease. Some genes from the phage lytic module were significantly more highly expressed in subjects with periodontal disease, suggesting that periodontitis may favor the expression of some lytic phages. CONCLUSIONS As we explore the contributions of viruses to the human microbiome, the data presented here suggest varying expression of bacteriophage communities in oral health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha M Santiago-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
| | - Mayuri Naidu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
| | - Shira R Abeles
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
| | - Tobias K Boehm
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Ly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
| | - David T Pride
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0612, USA.
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