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Zhang W, Zhu M, Liu X, Que M, Dekyi K, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Fan Q, Wang X, Li H. Edible bird's nest regulates glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via the gut-liver axis in obese mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:7577-7591. [PMID: 38934780 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a traditional food known for its nourishing and functional properties and is found to be involved in anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-influenza mechanisms, immune regulation, and improving cardiovascular diseases, among others. However, the potential of EBN to improve glycolipid metabolism disorders in high-fat-diet induced obesity and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. We examined the effects of EBN on glycolipid metabolism in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish an obesity model. The obese mice were selected and divided into six groups: two model control groups (normal and high-fat diets) and four intervention groups [Neu5Ac and low-, medium-, and high-dose EBN], with 12 mice in each group. After 10 weeks of continuous gavage intervention, only mice in the high-dose EBN intervention group had lower body weight and total fat content, especially visceral fat. Meanwhile, intervention with three doses of EBN reduced serum FBG, TC, LDL, Ox-LDL, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and increased serum HDL levels and energy expenditure. Using the high dosage as a paradigm, EBN intervention increased the sialic acid content in LDL, decreased TMAO in the liver, and increased GLP-1 levels in sera. EBN increased the colonic abundances of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Desulfovibrio and reduced those of Lysinibacillus and Bacillus. The changes in the microbial community contribute to increasing colonic bile acids, reducing lipopolysaccharide synthesis to protect the intestinal barrier, and lowering inflammation levels. Changes were also observed in colonic transcripts and metabolites and liver gene transcripts and metabolites, which were mainly enriched in pathways of glycolipid metabolism, immune function amelioration, inflammatory signal mitigation, circadian rhythm, bile acid metabolism and insulin resistance. Therefore, EBN may enhance the gut microbiota and intestinal immunity, relieve chronic inflammation levels in serum, improve antioxidant capacity and circadian rhythm in the liver, promote bile acid metabolism, and decrease lipid absorption and lipid synthesis via the gut-liver axis. Consequently, this may reduce blood lipid and fat accumulation as well as improve islet function and reduce blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Meizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Xuncai Liu
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361100, China.
| | - Maoyao Que
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361100, China.
| | - Kelsang Dekyi
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Linxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Youping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
| | - Qunyan Fan
- Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361100, China.
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang-An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Shi SR, Ma CN, Lin YP, Song WG, Guo SD. Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372055. [PMID: 38699583 PMCID: PMC11064802 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shan-Rui Shi
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Qixia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shandong Province, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Chen L, Qiu H, Chen Q, Xiang P, Lei J, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wang X, Wu S, Yu C, Ma L. N-acetylneuraminic acid modulates SQSTM1/p62 sialyation-mediated ubiquitination degradation contributing to vascular endothelium dysfunction in experimental atherosclerosis mice. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:161-178. [PMID: 37818680 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SIA) has been reported to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS) due to its high plasma levels in such patients. However, the effect of increasing SIA in circulation on endothelial function during AS progression remains unclear. In the present study, ApoE-/- mice and endothelial cells line (HUVEC cells) were applied to investigate the effect of SIA on AS progression and its potential molecular mechanism. In vivo, mice were injected intraperitoneally with Neu5Ac (main form of SIA) to keep high-level SIA in circulation. ORO, H&E, and Masson staining were applied to detect the plaque progression. In vitro, HUVECs were treated with Neu5Ac at different times, CCK-8, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunoprecipitation methods were used to analyze its effects on endothelial function and the potential involved mechanism. Results from the present study showed that high plasma levels of Neu5Ac in ApoE-/- mice could aggravate the plaque areas as well as increase necrotic core areas and collagen fiber contents. Remarkably, Neu5Ac levels in circulation displayed a positive correlation with AS plaque areas. Furthermore, results from HUVECs showed that Neu5Ac inhibited cells viability in a time/dose-dependent manner, by then induced the activation of inflammation makers such as ICAM-1 and IL-1β. Mechanism study showed that the activation of excessive autophagy medicated by SQSTM1/p62 displayed an important role in endothelium inflammatory injury. Neu5Ac could modify SQSTM1/p62 as a sialylation protein, and then increase its level with ubiquitin binding, further inducing ubiquitination degradation and being involved in the excessive autophagy pathway. Inhibition of sialylation by P-3Fax-Neu5Ac, a sialyltransferase inhibitor, reduced the binding of SQSTM1/p62 to ubiquitin. Together, these findings indicated that Neu5Ac increased SQSTM1/p62-ubiquitin binding through sialylation modification, thereby inducing excessive autophagy and subsequent endothelial injury. Inhibition of SQSTM1/p62 sialylation might be a potential strategy for preventing such disease with high levels of Neu5Ac in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqiu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yining Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianmin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China
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Li D, Lin Q, Luo F, Wang H. Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review. Foods 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 38201173 PMCID: PMC10779236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Espírito-Santo DA, Cordeiro GS, Santos LS, Silva RT, Pereira MU, Matos RJB, Boaventura GT, Barreto-Medeiros JM. Cardioprotective effect of the quercetin on cardiovascular remodeling and atherosclerosis in rodents fed a high-fat diet: A systematic review. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110700. [PMID: 37690744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, estimated at 17.9 million premature deaths. Several risk factors contribute to the development of CVD, including unhealthy diet rich in saturated fat. Quercetin (Q) is a important natural flavonoid with cardioprotective effect. However, it is crucial to understand and clarify which dosages and intervention times quercetin promotes better cardioprotective effects when exposed to a High-Fat Diet (HFD). We aim was to carry out a review to identify and compare experimental studies that investigated the quercetin effect on cardiac parameters in rodents fed a HFD. This literature search was performed through the specialized databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Lilacs in May 2022. The following information was collected and assessed: Species of animals, dietary fat content, intervention protocol (quercetin), and main results of alterations associated with cardiac change. A total of 116 articles were selected from the database and 30 articles were included in this study. The administration form of quercetin was used in the diet supplemented in 73.4% (n = 22) of the studies. The dosage ranged between 10 and 100 mg/kg, 0.01%-0.36%, and 4-8 g/kg diet. The treatment time ranged between 14 and 63 days in 48.4% studies and most of the selected studies observed changes in the: Serum concentrations of lipids (60%, n = 18) mainly decrease in TC and TG, left ventricle (LV) (16.13%, n = 5) includes attenuation of the cardiac hypertrophy; inhibition of atherosclerotic progression (32%, n = 10) with decrease in lesions and plaque formation; improvement in the expression of gene and protein associated with cardiac functionality and oxidative stress (51.6%; n = 16). Quercetin supplementation at different concentrations/doses promotes important cardioprotective effects in experimental models exposed to a HFD. The supplemented diet was shown to be the better administration option. The methodological variation presented in the articles selected in this review proves that the most appropriate intervention protocol, as well as the most effective route of administration, promotes these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djane A Espírito-Santo
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Gabriele S Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucimeire S Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcia U Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rhowena Jane B Matos
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gilson T Boaventura
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Ningsih N, Respati AN, Astuti D, Triswanto T, Purnamayanti L, Yano AA, Putra RP, Jayanegara A, Ratriyanto A, Irawan A. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis to replace in-feed antibiotics of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis-challenged experiments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102923. [PMID: 37494807 PMCID: PMC10393822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) and coccidiosis are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in broiler chickens, contributing to large profitability losses. Bacillus subtilis is a promising direct-fed probiotic to counter various pathogens infection in broiler chickens. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of B. subtilis on broiler chickens performance. A total of 28 studies were selected according to a PRISMA checklist. Random-effect model and mixed-effect model of meta-analysis were fitted to estimate the overall effects of B. subtilis (BS) treatment compared to either the control group (CON) or NE-infected group (NEinf) as a baseline. Hedges' g effect size and its variance were used as estimators of standardized mean difference (SMD) calculation where the results were presented at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the SMD. Overall, NEinf broiler chickens depressed (P < 0.01) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed intake, and elevated (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatment with BS improved ADG and final BW of NEinf with no difference (P = 0.15) between BS and antibiotics (AB), indicating that they had comparable efficacy to treat NE in broiler chickens. BS supplemented to uninfected CON (BSS) improved (P < 0.01) final BW, ADG, and FCR. Compared to CON, BS, and AB failed to recover the FCR but these treatments decreased (P < 0.01) FCR when compared to the NEinf group with similar efficacy (P = 0.97). As expected, NEinf birds had a higher mortality rate (P < 0.01) and higher lesion score (P < 0.01) compared to CON, and treatment using AB and BS successfully decreased (P < 0.01) the mortality rate and lesion score. Compared to BS, AB was more effective to lower (P = 0.01) mortality rate, but comparable (P = 0.65) to minimize lesion score. To conclude, B. subtilis could be an effective natural additive to replace in-feed antibiotics in broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens. However, the efficacy to reduce mortality rate was better with antibiotics treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niati Ningsih
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember 68101, Indonesia
| | - Adib Norma Respati
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember 68101, Indonesia
| | - Dian Astuti
- Agrotechnology Innovation Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55573, Indonesia
| | - T Triswanto
- Department of Feed Technology, PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Jakarta Utara 14350, Indonesia
| | - Lailatul Purnamayanti
- Animal Husbandry Study Program, Politeknik Selaparang Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara 83653, Indonesia
| | | | - Reza Pratama Putra
- Animal Health Vocational Program, Jambi University, Muaro Jambi 36361, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Agung Irawan
- Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Li D, Xie T, Guo T, Hu Z, Li M, Tang Y, Wu Q, Luo F, Lin Q, Wang H. Sialic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathway and apoptosis in ulcerative colitis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Liu G, Hao M, Zeng B, Liu M, Wang J, Sun S, Liu C, Huilian C. Sialic acid and food allergies: The link between nutrition and immunology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3880-3906. [PMID: 36369942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies (FA), a major public health problem recognized by the World Health Organization, affect an estimated 3%-10% of adults and 8% of children worldwide. However, effective treatments for FA are still lacking. Recent advances in glycoimmunology have demonstrated the great potential of sialic acids (SAs) in the treatment of FA. SAs are a group of nine-carbon α-ketoacids usually linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids as terminal glycans. They play an essential role in modulating immune responses and may be an effective target for FA intervention. As exogenous food components, sialylated polysaccharides have anti-FA effects. In contrast, as endogenous components, SAs on immunoglobulin E and immune cell surfaces contribute to the pathogenesis of FA. Given the lack of comprehensive information on the effects of SAs on FA, we reviewed the roles of endogenous and exogenous SAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of FA. In addition, we considered the structure-function relationship of SAs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of SA-based FA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California, United States of America
| | - Che Huilian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zou XY, Zhang M, Tu WJ, Zhang Q, Jin ML, Fang RD, Jiang S. Bacillus subtilis inhibits intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating gut flora and related metabolites in laying hens. Animal 2022; 16:100474. [PMID: 35220172 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is one of the most popular commercial probiotics used in farm animal production. However, its potential mechanisms are not very clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on intestinal histomorphology, innate immunity, microbiota composition, transcriptomics, and related metabolomics. Twenty-four 48-week-old Lohman Pink-shell laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a basic diet and the basic diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (0.5 g/kg) for a 9-week experiment. At the end of the experiment, tissues of the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum as well as cecal content of each bird were collected for microstructure, PCR, transcriptome, metabolome, and 16S rRNA analyses. The results showed that dietary Bacillus subtilis supplement had no effect on the intestinal microstructure. However, Bacillus subtilis increased mRNA expression of tight junction protein occludin (P < 0.05), while reduced mRNA expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (P < 0.01) in the duodenum. Moreover, transcriptomic results indicated that most of Bacillus subtilis supplement-induced differential genes were associated with inflammation and immunity, including cytochrome b-245 beta chain, transferrin, and purinergic receptor P2X 7, resulting in a decrease in Malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05) in the duodenum. In addition, at the genus level, Bacillus subtilis supplement enriched the potential beneficial bacteria, Candidatus_Soleaferrea (P = 0.02) but inhibited the harmful bacteria including Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, and Oxalobacter. Metabolomic results revealed that N-Acetylneuraminic acid and ADP were increased by fed Bacillus subtilis. These results suggest that dietary Bacillus subtilis could inhibit gut inflammation and improve antioxidative status and barrier integrity of the duodenum via regulating gut microbial composition in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - M Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W J Tu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Q Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - M L Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - R D Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - S Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, PR China.
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10
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Guo WL, Cao YJ, You SZ, Wu Q, Zhang F, Han JZ, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:515-530. [PMID: 35281335 PMCID: PMC8913248 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying protective effect and action mechanism of ganoderic acids-rich G. lucidum ethanol extract (GLE) on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed that oral administration of GLE could obviously inhibit the abnormal increases of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also significantly protect the liver against alcohol-induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological changes. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GLE through reducing the hepatic levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increasing the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with the model group, GLE intervention significantly ameliorated the intestinal microbial disorder by elevating the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_9, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, norank_f_Clostridiates_vadinBB60_group, GCA-900066225, Bilophila, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested that GLE intervention had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with excessive alcohol intake, especially the levels of some biomarkers involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GLE significantly regulated the mRNA levels of key genes related to fatty acids metabolism, ethanol catabolism and inflammatory response in liver. Conclusively, these findings indicate that GLE has a potentially beneficial effect on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and may be developed as a promising functional food ingredient. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract of Gaoderma lucidum (GLE) is rich in ganoderic acids. GLE ameliorated lipid metabolism, antioxidant function and inflammatory response in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to reveal the underlying hepatoprotective effect of GLE. GLE intervention alleviated alcoholic liver injury partly through regulating the “gut-liver-metabolite”axis. Hepatic gene transcriptions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation were remarkablyinfluenced by GLE intervention.
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11
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Yu L, Peng J, Mineo C. Lipoprotein sialylation in atherosclerosis: Lessons from mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:953165. [PMID: 36157440 PMCID: PMC9498574 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.953165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation is a dynamically regulated modification, which commonly occurs at the terminal of glycan chains in glycoproteins and glycolipids in eukaryotic cells. Sialylation plays a key role in a wide array of biological processes through the regulation of protein-protein interactions, intracellular localization, vesicular trafficking, and signal transduction. A majority of the proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis, such as apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors, are sialylated in their glycan structures. Earlier studies in humans and in preclinical models found a positive correlation between low sialylation of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. More recent works using loss- and gain-of-function approaches in mice have revealed molecular and cellular mechanisms by which protein sialylation modulates causally the process of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this concise review is to summarize these findings in mouse models and to provide mechanistic insights into lipoprotein sialylation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jun Peng
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Chieko Mineo,
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12
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Yin F, Lin P, Yu WQ, Shen N, Li Y, Guo SD. The Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharide CM1 Alleviates Atherosclerosis in LDLR (-/-) Mice by Improving Hyperlipidemia. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:783807. [PMID: 34966782 PMCID: PMC8710727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.783807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has a high mortality worldwide. Our lab previously purified a polysaccharide designated as CM1 with (1→4)-β-D-Glcp and (1→2)-α-D-Manp glycosyls as the backbone. In this study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CM1 and the underlying mechanisms of action in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-) mouse model. It was found that CM1 significantly decreased the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Mechanistically, CM1 enhanced plasma level of apolipoprotein A-I and decreased the plasma levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol. In the absence of LDLR, CM1 elevated the expression of very low-density lipoprotein receptor for liver uptake of plasma apolipoprotein B-containing particles and reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. CM1 improved lipids excretion by increasing the liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette G5 pathway in small intestine. CM1 reduced lipogenesis and lipolysis by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipose triglyceride lipase in epididymal fat. Furthermore, CM1 improved lipid profile in C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, CM1 can modulate lipid metabolism by multiple pathways, contributing to reduced plasma lipid level and formation of atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR(-/-) mice. This molecule could be explored as a potential compound for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Nuo Shen
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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13
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Yue H, Wang P, Zhang L, Ning D, Cai W, Wang Y, Wang J. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus alleviates CCL4-induced liver injury via downregulation of the IRE-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13964. [PMID: 34730246 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical liver injury is a common cause of liver disease primarily characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus (Ca-SGP) have been proved to exhibit the antioxidant effect. However, the effect of Ca-SGP on liver injury remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of Ca-SGP on CCL4-induced chronic chemical liver injury and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Results showed that Ca-SGP mitigated the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited the systemic oxidative stress, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Histologic results showed that Ca-SGP supplements alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and liver macrophage infiltration. Further, Ca-SGP supplement decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins expression, including BiP, IRE-α, p-IRE-α, and TRAF2, and further inhibited the trigger of the NF-κB pathway. In summary, Ca-SGP might be a novel agent for liver injury treatment, and its potential mechanism was related to the inhibition of liver inflammation induced by the endoplasmic reticulum. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The fish egg is an important by-product in fish processing. Carassius auratus is a common freshwater fish with large catches and low prices. However, the eggs of C. auratus are usually direct discard or processed into salted roe products, and the quality and value of these salted products are unsatisfactory. In this current study, we confirmed that sialoglycoproteins isolated from the C. auratus eggs have the potential for the treatment of liver injury and determined that its mechanism is related to the endoplasmic reticulum and inflammation, which put forward a new idea for solving the by-product of fish processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ding Ning
- Malvern College Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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14
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Kawanishi K, Coker JK, Grunddal KV, Dhar C, Hsiao J, Zengler K, Varki N, Varki A, Gordts PL. Dietary Neu5Ac Intervention Protects Against Atherosclerosis Associated With Human-Like Neu5Gc Loss-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2730-2739. [PMID: 34587757 PMCID: PMC8551057 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Species-specific pseudogenization of the CMAH gene during human evolution eliminated common mammalian sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) biosynthesis from its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). With metabolic nonhuman Neu5Gc incorporation into endothelia from red meat, the major dietary source, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appeared. Human-like Ldlr-/-Cmah-/- mice on a high-fat diet supplemented with a Neu5Gc-enriched mucin, to mimic human red meat consumption, suffered increased atherosclerosis if human-like anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were elicited. Approach and Results We now ask whether interventional Neu5Ac feeding attenuates metabolically incorporated Neu5Gc-mediated inflammatory acceleration of atherogenesis in this Cmah-/-Ldlr-/- model system. Switching to a Neu5Gc-free high-fat diet or adding a 5-fold excess of Collocalia mucoid-derived Neu5Ac in high-fat diet protects against accelerated atherosclerosis. Switching completely from a Neu5Gc-rich to a Neu5Ac-rich diet further reduces severity. Remarkably, feeding Neu5Ac-enriched high-fat diet alone has a substantial intrinsic protective effect against atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice even in the absence of dietary Neu5Gc but only in the human-like Cmah-null background. Conclusions Interventional Neu5Ac feeding can mitigate or prevent the red meat/Neu5Gc-mediated increased risk for atherosclerosis, and has an intrinsic protective effect, even in the absence of Neu5Gc feeding. These findings suggest that similar interventions should be tried in humans and that Neu5Ac-enriched diets alone should also be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Joanna K Coker
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kaare V. Grunddal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chirag Dhar
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Jason Hsiao
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nissi Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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15
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Lin P, Yin F, Shen N, Liu N, Zhang B, Li Y, Guo S. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of the anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of the polysaccharide CM1 from Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1274-1285. [PMID: 34757129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have demonstrated that the polysaccharides of C. militaris have various bioactivities. However, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. We previously purified a water-soluble polysaccharide CM1 from C. militaris and found that it has a cholesterol efflux improving capacity. This study further investigates the effect of CM1 in anti-atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Our data indicated that CM1 significantly decreased the total cholesterol and triglyceride in the plasma of mice, and decreased lipid deposition and formation of atherosclerotic plaque in a dose-dependent manner. Integrated bioinformatics analysis revealed that CM1 interacted with multiple signaling pathways, including those involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidoreductase activity and fluid shear stress, to exert its anti-atherosclerotic effect. Molecular technology analysis showed that CM1 enhanced the expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism, reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the aorta, and decreased the content of oxidative products by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Microarray analysis and biochemical data indicated that CM1 can improve lipid metabolism, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Taken together, CM1 could be used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Nuo Shen
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Baihui Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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16
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Yang X, Lin P, Wang J, Liu N, Yin F, Shen N, Guo S. Purification, characterization and anti-atherosclerotic effects of the polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:890-904. [PMID: 33878353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one major cause of atherosclerosis, which is a basic pathological change of cardiovascular diseases. Polysaccharide is a water-soluble component with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, alkaline-extracted polysaccharides were obtained from the fruiting body of C. militaris. Polysaccharides were purified via anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Their structural characteristics were investigated via chemical and spectroscopic methods. CM3I was mainly composed of →4)α-D-Glcp(1 → glycosyls and differed from starch due to the presence of →4,6)β-D-Glcp(1 → glycosyls. CM3II was characterized by its backbone, which was composed of →4)-β-D-Manp(1 → 6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 6)-β-D-Manp(1 → linked glycosyls, and especially the presence of O-methyl. Moreover, CM3II exhibited powerful anti-atherosclerotic effects via lowering plasma lipid levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The underlying mechanisms were attributed to its promoting effect on LXRα and inhibitory effect on SREBP-2. Collectively, CM3I and CM3II are different from the previously reported polysaccharides from C. militaris, and CM3II has a potential application in hypolipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Nuo Shen
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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17
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Coker JK, Moyne O, Rodionov DA, Zengler K. Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-18. [PMID: 33615984 PMCID: PMC7899658 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1869502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome composition depends heavily upon diet and has strong ties to human health. Dietary carbohydrates shape the gut microbiome by providing a potent nutrient source for particular microbes. This review explores how dietary carbohydrates in general, including individual monosaccharides and complex polysaccharides, influence the gut microbiome with subsequent effects on host health and disease. In particular, the effects of sialic acids, a prominent and influential class of monosaccharides, are discussed. Complex plant carbohydrates, such as dietary fiber, generally promote microbial production of compounds beneficial to the host while preventing degradation of host carbohydrates from colonic mucus. In contrast, simple and easily digestible sugars such as glucose are often associated with adverse effects on health and the microbiome. The monosaccharide class of sialic acids exerts a powerful but nuanced effect on gut microbiota. Sialic acid consumption (in monosaccharide form, or as part of human milk oligosaccharides or certain animal-based foods) drives the growth of organisms with sialic acid metabolism capabilities. Minor chemical modifications of Neu5Ac, the most common form of sialic acid, can alter these effects. All aspects of carbohydrate composition are therefore relevant to consider when designing dietary therapeutic strategies to alter the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Coker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Oriane Moyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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18
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Psefteli PM, Kitscha P, Vizcay G, Fleck R, Chapple SJ, Mann GE, Fowler M, Siow RC. Glycocalyx sialic acids regulate Nrf2-mediated signaling by fluid shear stress in human endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101816. [PMID: 33340902 PMCID: PMC7750408 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is critical for vascular endothelial redox homeostasis in regions of high, unidirectional shear stress (USS), however the underlying mechanosensitive mediators are not fully understood. The endothelial glycocalyx is disrupted in arterial areas exposed to disturbed blood flow that also exhibit enhanced oxidative stress leading to atherogenesis. We investigated the contribution of glycocalyx sialic acids (SIA) to Nrf2 signaling in human endothelial cells (EC) exposed to atheroprotective USS or atherogenic low oscillatory shear stress (OSS). Cells exposed to USS exhibited a thicker glycocalyx and enhanced turnover of SIA which was reduced in cells cultured under OSS. Physiological USS, but not disturbed OSS, enhanced Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes, which was attenuated following SIA cleavage with exogenous neuraminidase. SIA removal disrupted kinase signaling involved in the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 elicited by USS and promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. Notably, knockdown of the endogenous sialidase NEU1 potentiated Nrf2 target gene expression, directly implicating SIA in regulation of Nrf2 signaling by USS. In the absence of SIA, deficits in Nrf2 responses to physiological flow were also associated with a pro-inflammatory EC phenotype. This study demonstrates that the glycocalyx modulates endothelial redox state in response to shear stress and provides the first evidence of an atheroprotective synergism between SIA and Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. The endothelial glycocalyx therefore represents a potential therapeutic target against EC dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and redox dyshomeostasis in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Psefteli
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Kitscha
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Gema Vizcay
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fowler
- Strategic Science Group, Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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19
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Biochanin A Mitigates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8965047. [PMID: 33959213 PMCID: PMC8074550 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8965047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA), a dietary isoflavone extracted from red clover and cabbage, has been shown to antagonize hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, very little is known about its role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of BCA on atherosclerosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that administration of BCA promoted reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), improved plasma lipid profile, and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and atherosclerotic lesion area in apoE-/- mice fed a Western diet. In THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, treatment with BCA upregulated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 expression and facilitated subsequent cholesterol efflux and diminished intracellular cholesterol contents by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/liver X receptor α (LXRα) and PPARγ/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathways. BCA also activated these two signaling pathways to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these findings suggest that BCA is protective against atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammatory response through the PPARγ/LXRα and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways. BCA may be an attractive drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Long noncoding RNA Gm20319, acting as competing endogenous RNA, regulated GNE expression by sponging miR-7240-5p to involve in deoxynivalenol-induced liver damage in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111435. [PMID: 32439590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effects of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network have been highlighted on the occurrence and development of diseases. However, the effect of ceRNA network in liver with subchronic deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure has remained unclear so far. Here, lncRNA Gm20319-miR-7240-5p-GNE (glucosamine UDP-N-acetyl-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase) network was identified in DON exposed-liver tissues after DON exposure for 90 days. Subchronic DON exposure induced the mild inflammation in liver tissues. In DON-treated liver tissues and Hepa 1-6 cell line, the expression of Gm20319 and GNE were both downregulated while miR-7240-5p expression was upregulated. The gain- and loss-of-function expression in vitro revealed there was a mutual repression between Gm20319 and miR-7240-5p, and they regulated GNE expression in an opposite direction. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed miR-7240-5p inhibited Gm20319 and GNE expression by directly binding. Co-transfection experiment in vitro revealed Gm20319 and miR-7240-5p could indirectly regulate sialic acid level by directly modulating GNE expression, thereby also influencing the expression of SOD1 and IL-1β. This study revealed Gm20319-miR-7240-5p-GNE network reduced sialic acid level to influence the expression of SOD1 and IL-1β in liver, which might involve in liver damage induced by DON. Gm20319 might be a potential research molecular target for DON-induced liver damage.
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Xia B, Lin P, Ji Y, Yin J, Wang J, Yang X, Li T, Yang Z, Li F, Guo S. Ezetimibe promotes CYP7A1 and modulates PPARs as a compensatory mechanism in LDL receptor-deficient hamsters. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:24. [PMID: 32035489 PMCID: PMC7007651 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-1202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The LDL-C lowering effect of ezetimibe has been attributed primarily to increased catabolism of LDL-C via up-regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) and decreased cholesterol absorption. Recently, ezetimibe has been demonstrated to have reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) promoting effects in mice, hamsters and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ezetimibe improves RCT-related protein expression in LDLR−/− hamsters. Methods A high-fat diet was used to induce a human-like hyperlipidemia in LDLR−/− hamsters. Lipid profiles were assayed by commercially available kits, and the effects of ezetimibe on lipid metabolism-related protein expression were carried out via western blot. Results Our data demonstrated that ezetimibe administration significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~ 51.6% reduction, P < 0.01) and triglyceride (from ~ 884.1 mg/dL to ~ 277.3 mg/dL) levels in LDLR−/− hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Ezetimibe administration (25 mg/kg/d) significantly promoted the protein expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), LXRβ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ; and down-regulated the protein expression of PPARα and PPARβ. However, it showed no significant effect on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), and ATP-biding cassette (ABC) G5/G8. Conclusion Ezetimibe may accelerate the transformation from cholesterol to bile acid via promoting CYP7A1 and thereby enhance RCT. As a compensatory mechanism of TG lowering, ezetimibe promoted the protein expression of PPARγ and decreased PPARα and β. These results are helpful in explaining the lipid-lowering effects of ezetimibe and the potential compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yubin Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.,College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.,College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.,College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.,College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Fahui Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China. .,College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
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22
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Murugan DD, Md Zain Z, Choy KW, Zamakshshari NH, Choong MJ, Lim YM, Mustafa MR. Edible Bird's Nest Protects Against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1624. [PMID: 32116666 PMCID: PMC7010601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress by hyperglycemia is a major cause of vascular complications in diabetes. Bird's nest, which is made from the saliva of swiftlets has both medicinal and nutritional values dated back to ancient China. However, its role in improving endothelial dysfunction due to diabetes is yet to be elucidated. The present study examined the protective effect and mechanism of action of the aqueous extract of hydrolyzed edible bird nest (HBN) on endothelium in models of diabetes, in vitro and in vivo. Male db/m+ and db/db mice were orally administered with or without HBN and glibenclamide for 28 days, followed by vascular reactivity studies in mouse aortas. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and isolated mouse aorta from C57BL/6J were treated with high glucose (HG), HBN, sialic acid (SA), glibenclamide, and apocynin, respectively. The effects of HBN on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability were assessed by Western blot, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCF-DA), and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7' difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM DA) in HUVECs, isolated mouse aorta, and db/db diabetic mice. HBN significantly reversed the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice and isolated mouse aorta. HBN normalized ROS over-production of NOX2 and nitrotyrosine, reversed the reduction of anti-oxidant marker, SOD-1 as well as restored NO bioavailability in both HUVECs challenged with HG and in db/db diabetic mice. Similarly, HG-induced elevation of oxidative stress in HUVECs were reversed by SA, glibenclamide, and apocynin. This attests that HBN restores endothelial function and protects endothelial cells against oxidative damage induced by HG in HUVECs, isolated mouse aorta, and db/db diabetic mice via modulating ROS mechanism, which subsequently increases NO bioavailability. This result demonstrates the potential role of HBN in preserving endothelial function and management of micro- or macrovascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuhaida Md Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hisam Zamakshshari
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Wellness Research Cluster, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mel June Choong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Li T, Hu SM, Pang XY, Wang JF, Yin JY, Li FH, Wang J, Yang XQ, Xia B, Liu YH, Song WG, Guo SD. The marine-derived furanone reduces intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro by targeting LXRα and PPARα. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3384-3398. [PMID: 31981312 PMCID: PMC7131916 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that commercially available lipid‐lowering drugs cause various side effects; therefore, searching for anti‐hyperlipidaemic compounds with lower toxicity is a research hotspot. This study was designed to investigate whether the marine‐derived compound, 5‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐butylfuran‐2(5H)‐one, has an anti‐hyperlipidaemic activity, and the potential underlying mechanism in vitro. Results showed that the furanone had weaker cytotoxicity compared to positive control drugs. In RAW 264.7 cells, the furanone significantly lowered ox‐LDL‐induced lipid accumulation (~50%), and its triglyceride (TG)‐lowering effect was greater than that of liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317. In addition, it significantly elevated the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARα) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which could be partially inhibited by LXR antagonists, GSK2033 and SR9243. In HepG2 cells, it significantly decreased oleic acid‐induced lipid accumulation, enhanced the protein levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ABCG5, ABCG8 and PPARα, and reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (~32%). PPARα antagonists, GW6471 and MK886, could significantly inhibit the furanone‐induced lipid‐lowering effect. Furthermore, the furanone showed a significantly lower activity on the activation of the expression of lipogenic genes compared to T0901317. Taken together, the furanone exhibited a weak cytotoxicity but had powerful TC‐ and TG‐lowering effects most likely through targeting LXRα and PPARα, respectively. These findings indicate that the furanone has a potential application for the treatment of dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shu-Mei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fa-Hui Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guo Song
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Drug Research Centre, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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24
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The fucoidan from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus attenuates lipopolysaccharide-challenged liver injury in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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25
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Zhang C, Chen J, Liu Y, Xu D. Sialic acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target of atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:173. [PMID: 31521172 PMCID: PMC6745061 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia), the acylated derivative of the nine-carbon sugar neuraminic acid, is a terminal component of the oligosaccharide chains of many glycoproteins and glycolipids. In light of its important biological and pathological functions, the relationship between Sia and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been drawing great attentions recently. Large-scale epidemiological surveys have uncovered a positive correlation between plasma total Sia and CAD risk. Further research demonstrated that N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid, acting as a signaling molecule, triggered myocardial injury via activation of Rho/ROCK-JNK/ERK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, there were some evidences showing that the aberrant sialylation of low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein receptor and blood cells was involved in the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Significantly, the Sia regulates immune response by binding to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglecs). The Sia-Siglecs axis is involved in the immune inflammation of atherosclerosis. The generation of Sia and sialylation of glycoconjugate both depend on many enzymes, such as sialidase, sialyltransferase and trans-sialidase. Abnormal activation or level of these enzymes associated with atherosclerosis, and inhibitors of them might be new CAD treatments. In this review, we focus on summarizing current understanding of Sia metabolism and of its relevance to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Health Management Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Yang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hu S, Ji C, Guo S. The fucoidan A3 from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances RCT-related genes expression in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:759-769. [PMID: 31100394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidemia, and fucoidans are found to possess hypolipidemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of the fucoidan from the brown seaweed A. nodosum and whether it improves RCT-related genes expression in C57 BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that fucoidan A3 (100 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~23.2%), triglyceride (~48.7%) and fat pad index. This fucoidan significantly increased the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) β, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, and decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, however, it had no effect on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PPARα, LXRα, SREBP-2, ABCG1, ABCG8 and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. These results demonstrated that this fucoidan improved lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR, and up-regulated lipid metabolism by activating LXRβ, ABCA1 and CYP7A1. In conclusion, this fucoidan lowers lipid by enhancing RCT-related genes expression, and it can be explored as a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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27
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Yin J, Wang J, Li F, Yang Z, Yang X, Sun W, Xia B, Li T, Song W, Guo S. The fucoidan from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5124-5139. [PMID: 31364648 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is believed to attenuate hyperlipidemia and the progression of atherosclerosis. Although fucoidans are reported to have hypolipidemic effects, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Furthermore, few reports have revealed the anti-atherosclerotic effects and the underlying mechanisms of fucoidans. This study was designed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanisms of the fucoidan from seaweed A. nodosum. Our results demonstrated that the fucoidan administration ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion and lipid profiles in a dose-dependent manner in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. In the apoE-/- mice liver, the fucoidan treatment significantly increased the expression of scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and β, liver X receptor (LXR) α, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and ABCG8; and markedly decreased the expression of PPARγ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, but not low-density lipoprotein receptor, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1, LXRβ and ABCG1. In the small intestine of the apoE-/- mice, the fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and dramatically improved ABCG8 levels. These results demonstrated for the first time that the fucoidan from A. nodosum attenuated atherosclerosis by regulating RCT-related genes and proteins expression in apoE-/- mice. In summary, this fucoidan from A. nodosum may be explored as a potential compound for prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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28
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Yang Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Yin J, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hou P, Hu S, Song W, Guo S. Fucoidan A2 from the Brown Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum Lowers Lipid by Improving Reverse Cholesterol Transport in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5782-5791. [PMID: 31055921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological process, in which excess peripheral cholesterol is transported to the liver and further excreted into the bile and then feces. Recently, fucoidans are reported to have a lipid-lowering effect. This study was designed to investigate whether fucoidan from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum lowers lipid by modulating RCT in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results indicated that fucoidan intervention significantly reduced plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fat pad index and markedly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. In the liver, fucoidan significantly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARγ, liver X receptor (LXR)β, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC)A1, ABCG8, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), and cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1) and decreased the triglyceride level and expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and PPARβ but had no effect on LXRα, ABCG1, and ABCG5. In the small intestine, the fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and improved ABCG5 and ABCG8. These results demonstrated that fucoidan can improve lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR and inactivating PCSK9 and upregulate lipid metabolism by activating PPARα, LXRβ, ABC transporters, and CYP7A1. In the small intestine, this fucoidan can decrease cholesterol absorption and increase cholesterol excretion by activating NPC1L1 and ABCG5 and ABCG8, respectively. In conclusion, fucoidan from A. nodosum may lower lipids by modulating RCT-related protein expression and can be explored as a potential compound for prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- Animals
- Ascophyllum/chemistry
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
- Seaweed/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- Weihai Municipal Hospital , Weihai , Shandong 264200 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Company, Limited Nanjing , Jiangsu 210042 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy , Weifang Medical University , Weifang , Shandong 261053 , People's Republic of China
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Hou P, Hu S, Wang J, Yang Z, Yin J, Zhou G, Guo S. Exogenous supplement of N-acetylneuraminic acid improves macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:24. [PMID: 30678697 PMCID: PMC6346517 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) is the major form of sialic acid in mammals, and the plasma NANA level is increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Exogenous supplement of NANA has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidaemia and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate whether exogenous supplement of NANA improves reverse cholesterol transprot (RCT) in vivo. Methods Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet were used to investigate the effect of NANA on RCT by [3H]-cholesterol-loaded macrophages, and the underlying mechanism was further investigated by various molecular techniques using fenofibrate as a positive control. Results Our novel results demonstrated that exogenous supplement of NANA significantly improved [3H]-cholesterol transfer from [3H]-cholesterol-loaded macrophages to the plasma (an increase of > 42.9%), liver (an increase of 35.8%), and finally to the feces (an increase of 50.4% from 0 to 24 h) for excretion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. In addition, NANA up regulated the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), but not the protein expression of ABCA1and scavenger receptor B type 1 in the liver. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of NANA in improving RCT may be partially due to the elevated protein levels of PPARα and ABCG1. Conclusion Exogenous supplement of NANA improves RCT in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet mainly by improving the protein expression of PPARα and ABCG1. These results are helpful in explaining the lipid-lowering effect of NANA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Hou
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zixun Yang
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Shoudong Guo
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China. .,Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 7166# Baotongxi Street, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China. .,Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
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Li S, Cao H, Shen D, Jia Q, Chen C, Xing SL. Quercetin protects against ox‑LDL‑induced injury via regulation of ABCAl, LXR‑α and PCSK9 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:799-806. [PMID: 29845234 PMCID: PMC6059709 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid that has anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidant and lipid metabolic effects. It has also been reported to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study measured the effects of quercetin on the expression of ATP‑binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCAl), ATP‑binding cassette sub‑family G member 1 (ABCG1), liver X receptor‑α (LXR‑α), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), p53, p21 and p16 induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL). RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to ox‑LDL with or without 20 µmol/l quercetin and cell proliferation and senescence were quantified using β‑gal staining. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid droplets were measured in the cytoplasm using oil red staining, while intracellular and total cholesterol (TC) were measured using filipin staining and a TC kit. Immunofluorescent studies and western blot analysis were performed to quantify the expression of ABCAl, ABCG1, LXR‑α, PCSK9, p53, p21 and p16. Quercetin increased RAW264.7 cell viability and reduced lipid accumulation, senescence, lipid droplets, intracellular cholesterol and TC. It was concluded that quercetin inhibits ox‑LDL‑induced lipid droplets in RAW264.7 cells by upregulation of ABCAl, ABCG1, LXR‑α and downregulation of PCSK9, p53, p21 and p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Dingzhu Shen
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qingling Jia
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - San Li Xing
- Shanghai Geriatrics Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Feng M, Kong SZ, Wang ZX, He K, Zou ZY, Hu YR, Ma H, Li XG, Ye XL. The protective effect of coptisine on experimental atherosclerosis ApoE−/− mice is mediated by MAPK/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:721-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Liu TT, Zeng Y, Tang K, Chen X, Zhang W, Xu XL. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:39-50. [PMID: 28500865 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dihydromyricetin, the most abundant flavonoid in Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and lipid regulatory activities; however, its protective effect against atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dihydromyricetin on high fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis using LDL receptor deficient (LDLr-/-) mice. METHODS Blood samples were collected for determination of serum lipid profiles, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Histology, hepatic lipid content, quantification of atherosclerosis, assessment of oxidative stress and inflammation were performed on liver and aorta samples by molecular biology methods. The effects of dihydromyricetin on ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dysfunction and foam cell formation were further studied. RESULTS (1) Dihydromyricetin ameliorated hyperlipidemia, reduced serum ox-LDL, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in HFD-fed LDLr-/- mice. Moreover, (2) dihydromyricetin suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and increased protein expressions of PPARα, LXRα and ABCA1. (3) It inhibited atherosclerotic lesion formation and favoured features of plaque stability. (4) Dihydromyricetin prevented hepatic and aortic inflammation as evidenced by the reduced IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression; (5) it prevented hepatic and aortic oxidative stress by normalizing activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and NOX2 protein expression in both liver and aorta; (6) it inhibited oxLDL-induced injury, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress in HUVECs and (7) inhibited macrophage foam cell formation and enhanced cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dihydromyricetin could reduce atherosclerosis via its pleiotropic effects, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, inhibition of macrophage foam cell formation, amelioration of lipid profiles, anti-inflammatory action and anti-oxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - XueMeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, China.
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Cui Y, Hou P, Li F, Liu Q, Qin S, Zhou G, Xu X, Si Y, Guo S. Quercetin improves macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:9. [PMID: 28088205 PMCID: PMC5237507 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin, one of the most widely distributed flavonoids in plants, has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) plays a crucial role in exporting cholesterol from peripheral cells, which is one mechanism utilized in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether quercetin reduces lipid accumulation by improving RCT in vivo. Methods Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet were used to investigate the effect of quercetin on RCT by an isotope tracing method, and the underlying mechanisms were clarified by molecular techniques. Results These novel results demonstrated that quercetin significantly improved [3H]-cholesterol transfer from [3H]-cholesterol-loaded macrophages to the plasma (approximately 34% increase), liver (30% increase), and bile (50% increase) and finally to the feces (approximately 40% increase) for excretion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, quercetin markedly increased the cholesterol accepting ability of plasma and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and dramatically decreased the content of malondialdehyde in plasma and oxidized phosphocholine carried by HDL. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of quercetin in improving RCT may be partially due to the elevated cholesterol accepting ability of HDL, the increased expression levels of proteins related to RCT, such as ATP-binding cassettes (ABC) A1 and G1, and the improved antioxidant activity of HDL. Conclusion Quercetin accelerates RCT in an atherosclerosis model, which is helpful in clarifying the lipid-lowering effect of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China.,Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Fahui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China.
| | - Guanghai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, 2# Yingsheng East Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271000, China.
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Tian H, Liu Q, Qin S, Zong C, Zhang Y, Yao S, Yang N, Guan T, Guo S. Synthesis and cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin 7-O-sialic acid. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:107-120. [PMID: 27511707 PMCID: PMC5192943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress-induced desialylation is considered to be a primary step in atherogenic modification, and therefore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and/or inflammatory reactions may ameliorate CVD. In this study, quercetin 7-O-sialic acid (QA) was synthesized aiming to put together the cardiovascular protective effect of quercetin and the recently reported anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerosis functions of N-acetylneuraminic acid. The biological efficacy of QA was evaluated in vitro in various cellular models. The results demonstrated that 50 μM QA could effectively protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, EA.hy926) against hydrogen peroxide- or oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced oxidative damage by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. QA attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced desialylation of HUVEC and lipoproteins. QA decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and it significantly reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, TNF-α and MCP-1. Furthermore, QA effectively promoted cholesterol efflux from Raw 264.7 macrophages to apolipoprotein A-1 and high-density lipoprotein by up-regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1, respectively. Results indicated that the novel compound QA exhibited a better capacity than quercetin for anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, cholesterol efflux promotion and biomolecule protection against desialylation and therefore could be a candidate compound for the prevention or treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Chuanlong Zong
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Shutong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Tao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong ProvinceInstitute of AtherosclerosisTaishan Medical UniversityTaianChina
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Dong R, Li F, Qin S, Wang Y, Si Y, Xu X, Tian H, Zhai L, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Guo S. Dataset on inflammatory proteins expressions and sialic acid levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with administration of N-acetylneuraminic acid and/or quercetin. Data Brief 2016; 8:613-7. [PMID: 27419199 PMCID: PMC4936502 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article describe an effect of N-acetylneuraminic acid and/or quercetin on the inflammatory proteins expressions (TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MOMA-2) and the N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) levels of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice that are given a high-fat diet. Protein expression was performed by immunohistochemical imaging and NANA was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or semi-quantified using Image-Pro Plus software after ligation with fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC). Further interpretation and discussion could be found at our research article entitled "Exogenous supplement of N-acetylneuraminic acid ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice" (Guo et al., 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Fahui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affilated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Lei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong Province, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
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