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Aggarwal N, Manley AL, Chen J, Groarke EM, Feng X, Young NS. Effects of ruxolitinib on murine regulatory T cells are immune-context dependent. Exp Hematol 2023; 125-126:16-19. [PMID: 37468118 PMCID: PMC10528974 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure (BMF) disorder characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow from an immune-mediated etiology. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity by suppressing autoreactive T cells. We recently demonstrated the efficacy of ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK 1/2 inhibitor, in attenuating murine BMF. Herein, we investigated the changes of Tregs in the context of RUX treatment for murine BMF. Tregs are conventionally identified by surface expression of CD4 and CD25, in addition to intracellular transcription factor FoxP3. RUX promoted the expansion of Tregs in BMF mice defined by increased expression of FoxP3 in CD4 T cells but suppressed expression of activation marker CD25 in CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this context, CD25 is no longer a reliable surface marker for Tregs. We observed strong co-expression of FoxP3 with surface marker GITR instead of CD25 in RUX-treated BMF mice. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted CD4+GITRhi cells showed high FoxP3 expression and intact suppressive function in vitro, suggesting GITR to be a surrogate marker for Tregs. In contrast to its expansive effect on Tregs in BMF, RUX suppressed Tregs in normal and sublethal irradiation conditions, indicating that the effects of RUX on Tregs are immune-context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Aggarwal
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ash Lee Manley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emma M Groarke
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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GU T, ZHU M, HUANG H, HU Y. Relapse after CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies: challenges and future approaches. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:793-811. [PMID: 36226535 PMCID: PMC9561408 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, as a novel cellular immunotherapy, has dramatically reshaped the landscape of cancer treatment, especially in hematological malignancies. However, relapse is still one of the most troublesome obstacles to achieving broad clinical application. The intrinsic factors and superior adaptability of tumor cells mark a fundamental aspect of relapse. The unique biological function of CAR-T cells governed by their special CAR construction also affects treatment efficacy. Moreover, complex cross-interactions among CAR-T cells, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence clinical outcomes concerning CAR-T cell function and persistence. Therefore, in this review, based on the most recent discoveries, we focus on the challenges of relapse after CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies from the perspective of tumor cells, CAR-T cells, and the TME. We also discuss the corresponding basic and clinical approaches that may overcome the problem in the future. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding for scientists and physicians that will help improve research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning GU
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou311121, China,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Meng ZHU
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou311121, China,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - He HUANG
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou311121, China,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou310058, China,He HUANG,
| | - Yongxian HU
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou311121, China,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou310058, China,Yongxian HU,
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3
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Connor RI, Brickley EB, Wieland-Alter WF, Ackerman ME, Weiner JA, Modlin JF, Bandyopadhyay AS, Wright PF. Mucosal immunity to poliovirus. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1-9. [PMID: 34239028 PMCID: PMC8732262 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A cornerstone of the global initiative to eradicate polio is the widespread use of live and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in extensive public health campaigns designed to prevent the development of paralytic disease and interrupt transmission of the virus. Central to these efforts is the goal of inducing mucosal immunity able to limit virus replication in the intestine. Recent clinical trials have evaluated new combined regimens of poliovirus vaccines, and demonstrated clear differences in their ability to restrict virus shedding in stool after oral challenge with live virus. Analyses of mucosal immunity accompanying these trials support a critical role for enteric neutralizing IgA in limiting the magnitude and duration of virus shedding. This review summarizes key findings in vaccine-induced intestinal immunity to poliovirus in infants, older children, and adults. The impact of immunization on development and maintenance of protective immunity to poliovirus and the implications for global eradication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Circulating T cell subsets are associated with clinical outcome of anti-VEGF-based 1st-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a prospective study with focus on primary tumor sidedness. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:687. [PMID: 31307428 PMCID: PMC6631500 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a prospective study with long-term follow-up, we analyzed circulating T cell subsets in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the context of primary tumor sidedness, KRAS status, and clinical outcome. Our primary goal was to investigate whether baseline levels of circulating T cell subsets serve as a potential biomarker of clinical outcome of mCRC patients treated with an anti-VEGF-based regimen. METHODS The study group consisted of 36 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma who started first-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab for metastatic disease. We quantified T cell subsets including Tregs and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood prior to therapy initiation. Clinical outcome was evaluated as progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS 1) mCRC patients with KRAS wt tumors had higher proportions of circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells among all T cells but also higher measures of T regulatory (Treg) cells such as absolute count and a higher proportion of Tregs in the CD4+ subset. 2) A low proportion of circulating Tregs among CD4+ cells, and a high CD8:Treg ratio at initiation of VEGF-targeting therapy, were associated with favorable clinical outcome. 3) In a subset of patients with primarily right-sided mCRC, superior PFS and OS were observed when the CD8:Treg ratio was high. CONCLUSIONS The baseline level of circulating immune cells predicts clinical outcome of 1st-line treatment with the anti-VEGF angio/immunomodulatory agent bevacizumab. Circulating immune biomarkers, namely the CD8:Treg ratio, identified patients in the right-sided mCRC subgroup with favorable outcome following treatment with 1st-line anti-VEGF treatment.
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Lin S, Hou L, Liu S, Wang J, Chen Q, Zhang B, Xue H, Huang J, Chen C. Roles of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of pediatric aplastic anemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:198-210. [PMID: 31287345 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1621968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA) in children is not clear. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the proportion and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pediatric AA. The proportion of Tregs, mRNA levels of transcription factors, and concentrations of cytokines were measured by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Tregs were co-cultured with effector T cells (Teff) to evaluate the function of Tregs. The proportion of Tregs after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in pediatric AA was monitored dynamically. Compared to the control, the proportions of Tregs in peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes of the untreated AA group were lower (1.31% ± 0.73% vs. 3.16% ± 0.92%, 1.49% ± 0.81% vs. 3.06% ± 0.82%, respectively, p < 0.001). The mRNA levels of FOXP3 and STAT3 in the AA group were lower (p = 0.014; p < 0.001). However, the mRNA levels of T-BET did not significantly differ between groups. The concentration of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 in the AA group were higher (p = 0.004; p = 0.003), whereas the concentration of TGF-β decreased (p = 0.044). The immunosuppressive function of Tregs was impaired in the AA group. After IST, the proportion of Tregs was significantly lower than that in the control. The proportion of Tregs at the time of diagnosis in the nonresponsive group was lower than that in the responsive group, but the difference was not significant. Treg levels were significantly decreased and were functionally impaired at the time of diagnosis of pediatric AA. However, there was no significant change in Tregs at the resolution of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Lin
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Lele Hou
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Su Liu
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Jian Wang
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Qihui Chen
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Bihong Zhang
- a Department of Paediatric Hematopathy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Hongman Xue
- b Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
| | - Junbin Huang
- b Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
| | - Chun Chen
- b Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
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6
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Guimarães FTL, Ferreira RN, Brito-Melo GEA, Rocha-Vieira E, Pereira WDF, Pinheiro SVB, Miranda AS, Simões E Silva AC. Pediatric Patients With Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome Have Higher Expression of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in Comparison to Steroid-Resistant Disease. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:114. [PMID: 31001501 PMCID: PMC6455073 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is classified according to the response to drug therapy in steroid-sensitive (SS), steroid-dependent (SD), and steroid-resistant (SR) categories. Previous studies showed changes in inflammatory activity of subpopulations of lymphocytes in INS. This study aimed to compare SS and SR patients in regard to subpopulations of leukocytes, profile of regulatory lymphocytes, and migratory activity of lymphocyte subpopulations. Results obtained in INS patients were also compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including SS patients (n = 30), SR patients (n = 14), and controls (n = 10). Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn for ex-vivo leukocyte flow cytometry analysis. Results: Percentage of B-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were significantly reduced in SR patients when compared to controls, while the percentage of NKT cells were decreased in SS patients in comparison to controls. Percentages of CD4+ expressing FoxP3 and CTLA4 were significantly higher in SS patients in comparison to SR patients and controls. The expression of integrin CD18 on the surface of T lymphocytes (CD3+) was reduced in SS patients if compared to controls. Conclusion: This study found that SS INS patients have higher levels of regulatory T-lymphocytes and lower expression of adhesion molecules than SR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tadeu Lourenço Guimarães
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde - CIPq, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Eustáquio Alvim Brito-Melo
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde - CIPq, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde - CIPq, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Fátima Pereira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde - CIPq, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Veloso Brant Pinheiro
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Carson WF, Kunkel SL. Regulation of Cellular Immune Responses in Sepsis by Histone Modifications. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 106:191-225. [PMID: 28057212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis, septic shock, and related inflammatory syndromes are driven by the aberrant expression of proinflammatory mediators by immune cells. During the acute phase of sepsis, overexpression of chemokines and cytokines drives physiological stress leading to organ failure and mortality. Following recovery from sepsis, the immune system exhibits profound immunosuppression, evidenced by an inability to produce the same proinflammatory mediators that are required for normal responses to infectious microorganisms. Gene expression in inflammatory responses is influenced by the transcriptional accessibility of the chromatin, with histone posttranslational modifications determining whether inflammatory gene loci are set to transcriptionally active, repressed, or poised states. Experimental evidence indicates that histone modifications play a central role in governing the cytokine storm of severe sepsis, and that aberrant chromatin modifications induced during the acute phase of sepsis may mediate chronic immunosuppression in sepsis survivors. This review will focus on the role of histone modifications in governing immune responses in severe sepsis, with an emphasis on specific leukocyte subsets and the histone modifications observed in these cells during chronic stages of sepsis. Additionally, the expression and function of chromatin-modifying enzymes (CMEs) will be discussed in the context of severe sepsis, as potential mediators of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in sepsis responses. In summary, this review will argue for the use of chromatin modifications and CME expression in leukocytes as potential biomarkers of immunosuppression in patients with severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Carson
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - S L Kunkel
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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8
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Guo WJ, Qi H, Deng CY, Zhou HX, Deng SP, Li FR. The roles of IL-2 and IL-10 enhance anti-CD45RBmAb immune inhibition in allograft skin. Immunol Res 2015; 61:250-9. [PMID: 25550088 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of immune tolerance inducer, anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD45RBmAb) can prolong the graft survival time of animal organs or cell transplantation as well as induce stable immune tolerance. Both interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 have important roles in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. However, whether these cytokines combined with anti-CD45RBmAb can promote immune tolerance is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-2 and IL-10 in vitro and in vivo on the tolerance induction by anti-CD45RBmAb. The changes of Treg and Th17 cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in anti-CD45RBmAb induced prolongation of skin allograft survival in mice. The finding of a role for IL-2 is novel, of interest, IL-2 promoted anti-CD45RBmAb-induced CD4(+) T cell differentiation into Treg and Th2 cells and suppressed Th17 and Th1 cells. IL-2 enhanced the induction of immune tolerance by anti-CD45RBmAb and significantly prolonged skin graft survival time in vivo. In contrast, this effect should be demonstrated experimentally by neutralizing IL-2 and inhibition of the effect of anti-CD45RBmAb, and neutralizing IL-10 showed no effect for anti-CD45RBmAb-induced tolerance. These data reveal that IL-2 significantly enhances anti-CD45RBmAb-induced immune tolerance via up-regulated T regulatory (Treg) cells and the balance of Th1/Th2 shifts. Conversely, IL-10 showed no effect on anti-CD45RBmAb-induced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, Nu.1017, North Road of Eastern Gate, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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Wang T, Li J, Jin Z, Wu F, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhou Q. Dynamic Frequency of Blood CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Rats with Collagen-induced Arthritis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:83-8. [PMID: 25729268 PMCID: PMC4342740 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Tregs) have been shown to play a regulatory or suppressive role in the immune response and are possibly relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in peripheral blood (PB) of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats during the development of arthritis, to determine whether their frequency is involved in the immunoregulation of this disease. The results showed that normal rats had similar frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in PB during the experiment time, expressed as a percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells among the CD4+ T lymphocyte population. In contrast, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in CIA rats was found to change during the development of arthritis. In CIA rats, there is a significant negative correlation between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and paw swelling (r=-0.786, p< 0.01). The relationship between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T and immune activation was not found in normal rats. During the time course, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T was lower in CIA rats than in normal ones. The data suggest that the frequency of PB CD4+CD25+ Tregs may be a promising marker for arthritis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. ; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China. ; Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2139, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigui Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yunwu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2139, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
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10
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Heterogeneity of Tregs and the complexity in the IL-12 cytokine family signaling in driving T-cell immune responses in atherosclerotic vessels. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:133-8. [PMID: 25659084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The importance of immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is well recognized. Accumulated evidence shows striking features of heterogeneity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the importance of the IL-12 cytokine family in regulation of Tregs in atherogenesis. The present review briefly summarized the current knowledge about the impact of the IL-12 cytokine family in regulation of immune processes in atherogenesis.
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11
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Caso F, Iaccarino L, Bettio S, Ometto F, Costa L, Punzi L, Doria A. Refractory pemphigus foliaceus and Behçet's disease successfully treated with tocilizumab. Immunol Res 2014; 56:390-7. [PMID: 23572430 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and Behçet's disease (BD) are immune-mediated conditions which are usually treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and, when refractory, with biologic agents. In both diseases, interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels are increased driving the immune-mediated inflammatory process. Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, targeting IL6-receptor, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Besides the current indication, it has been recently administered to patients with refractory immune inflammatory diseases as an off-label treatment. Here, we report the case of a woman affected with PF and BD, who did not respond to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologic agents including adalimumab, anakinra, and infliximab. A complete, long-lasting, clinical, and serological remission was achieved only with tocilizumab. To the best of our knowledge, the association between PF and BD has never been reported. Moreover, only two cases of BD and no cases of PF treated with tocilizumab have been described to date. A literature review on the use of biologic agents on patients with PF and BD was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caso
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Jethwa H, Adami AA, Maher J. Use of gene-modified regulatory T-cells to control autoimmune and alloimmune pathology: is now the right time? Clin Immunol 2013; 150:51-63. [PMID: 24333533 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically targeted T-cells has recently begun to achieve impressive clinical impact in selected tumor types. Furthermore, long-term follow-up studies indicate thus far that integrating viral vectors do not elicit clinically evident genotoxicity in T-cells, unlike hematopoietic stem cells. The optimism engendered by this clinical experience provides a platform for consideration of the extended use of this technology in other disease types. One area of particular interest entails the harnessing of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in order to down-regulate unwanted immune responses. Increasing evidence supports the efficacy of this approach in pre-clinical models of autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. Nonetheless, questions remain about optimal host cell, transgene cargo, phenotypic stability of engineered cells in vivo and potential for toxicity. Here, we review the evidence that genetically engineered Tregs can effectively dampen pathogenic immune responses and critically evaluate the prospects for clinical development of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jethwa
- Department of Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm NHS Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ, UK
| | - Antonella A Adami
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Maher
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Immunology, Barnet and Chase Farm NHS Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
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Zheng J, Petersen F, Yu X. The role of PTPN22 in autoimmunity: learning from mice. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 13:266-71. [PMID: 24189282 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) represents a strong susceptibility gene which is shared by many autoimmune diseases. Exploring the mechanism behind this association could help to understand their pathogenesis as well as to identify novel therapeutical targets. Recently, multiple mouse models including knock-out, knock-in, knock-down and transgenic mice were generated to delineate PTPN22s function in this context. Depending on the genetic background, mouse PTPN22_619W mutation results in spontaneous autoimmunity, essentially replicating the risk effect of the PTPN22_620W in human autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, findings from mouse models shed new light on both cellular as well as molecular mechanisms of the effect of PTPN22 on adaptive and innate immunity. Here we review recently emerged evidence of the interconnection between mouse PTPN22 and autoimmunity. We also discuss the consistence and discrepancy between findings derived from human and mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China; Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
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de Aquino MTP, Puntambekar SS, Savarin C, Bergmann CC, Phares TW, Hinton DR, Stohlman SA. Role of CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells in acute and persistent coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. Virology 2013; 447:112-20. [PMID: 24210105 PMCID: PMC3906923 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) on acute and chronic viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined using a glial tropic murine coronavirus. Treg in the CNS were highest during initial T cell mediated virus control, decreased and then remained relatively stable during persistence. Anti-CD25 treatment did not affect CNS recruitment of inflammatory cells. Viral control was initially delayed; however, neither the kinetics of viral control nor viral persistence were affected. By contrast, the absence of Treg during the acute phase resulted in increased demyelination during viral persistence. These data suggest that CNS inflammation, progression of viral control and viral persistence are relatively independent of CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg. However, their absence during acute infection alters the ability of the host to limit tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa P de Aquino
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC30, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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15
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Conway Morris A, Anderson N, Brittan M, Wilkinson TS, McAuley DF, Antonelli J, McCulloch C, Barr LC, Dhaliwal K, Jones RO, Haslett C, Hay AW, Swann DG, Laurenson IF, Davidson DJ, Rossi AG, Walsh TS, Simpson AJ. Combined dysfunctions of immune cells predict nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:778-87. [PMID: 23756248 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial infection occurs commonly in intensive care units (ICUs). Although critical illness is associated with immune activation, the prevalence of nosocomial infections suggests concomitant immune suppression. This study examined the temporal occurrence of immune dysfunction across three immune cell types, and their relationship with the development of nosocomial infection. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken in a teaching hospital general ICU. Critically ill patients were recruited and underwent serial examination of immune status, namely percentage regulatory T-cells (Tregs), monocyte deactivation (by expression) and neutrophil dysfunction (by CD88 expression). The occurrence of nosocomial infection was determined using pre-defined, objective criteria. RESULTS Ninety-six patients were recruited, of whom 95 had data available for analysis. Relative to healthy controls, percentage Tregs were elevated 6-10 days after admission, while monocyte HLA-DR and neutrophil CD88 showed broader depression across time points measured. Thirty-three patients (35%) developed nosocomial infection, and patients developing nosocomial infection showed significantly greater immune dysfunction by the measures used. Tregs and neutrophil dysfunction remained significantly predictive of infection in a Cox hazards model correcting for time effects and clinical confounders {hazard ratio (HR) 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.4] and 6.9 (95% CI 1.6-30), respectively, P=0.001}. Cumulative immune dysfunction resulted in a progressive risk of infection, rising from no cases in patients with no dysfunction to 75% of patients with dysfunction of all three cell types (P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctions of T-cells, monocytes, and neutrophils predict acquisition of nosocomial infection, and combine additively to stratify risk of nosocomial infection in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conway Morris
- MRC/University Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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16
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Enhanced killing activity of regulatory T cells ameliorates inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:972-5. [PMID: 23684702 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are pivotal suppressor elements in immune homeostasis with potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Using Treg as vehicles for targeted immunomodulation, a short-lived Fas-ligand (FasL) chimeric protein (killer Treg) was found efficient in preventing the progression of autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice, and amelioration of chronic colitis and graft versus host disease. The main mechanisms of disease suppression by killer Treg are: a) in the acute phase induction of apoptosis in effector cells at the site of inflammation decreases the pathogenic burden, and b) persistent increase in FoxP3⁺ Treg with variable CD25 co-expression induced by FasL sustains disease suppression over extended periods of time. Reduced sensitivity of Treg to receptor-mediated apoptosis under inflammatory conditions makes them optimal vehicles for targeted immunotherapy using apoptotic agents.
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17
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Role of regulatory T cells in pathogenesis and biological therapy of multiple sclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:963748. [PMID: 23766567 PMCID: PMC3666288 DOI: 10.1155/2013/963748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. It is caused by an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible individual induced by unknown environmental factors. Principal cells of the immune system that drive the immunopathological processes are T cells, especially of TH1 and TH17 subsets. However, in recent years, it was disclosed that regulatory T cells took part in, too. Subsequently, there was endeavour to develop ways how to re-establish their physiological functions. In this review, we describe known mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side-effects of contemporary and emerging MS immunotherapeutical agents on Treg cells and other cells of the immune system involved in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, we discuss how laboratory immunology can offer physicians its help in the diagnosis process and decisions what kind of biological therapy should be used.
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18
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Ramentol-Sintas M, Martínez-Valle F, Solans-Laqué R. Churg-Strauss Syndrome: an evolving paradigm. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:235-40. [PMID: 22796280 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Churg-Strauss Syndrome is an ANCA-associated vasculitis, an inflammatory multisystem disease with preference to the respiratory tract. Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia are the pathological hallmarks of this condition. The etiopathogenesis is unknown but some cytokines appear to play a central role and could be targets for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramentol-Sintas
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall D'hebron Research Institute, Hospital Vall D'hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Lewis D, Chan D, Pinheiro D, Armitage‐Chan E, Garden O. The immunopathology of sepsis: pathogen recognition, systemic inflammation, the compensatory anti-inflammatory response, and regulatory T cells. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:457-82. [PMID: 22428780 PMCID: PMC7166777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to infection, represents the major cause of death in critically ill veterinary patients. Whereas important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome have been made, much remains to be elucidated. There is general agreement on the key interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cells of the innate immune system, and the amplification of the host response generated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, the concept of immunoparalysis in sepsis has also been advanced, together with an increasing recognition of the interplay between regulatory T cells and the innate immune response. However, the heterogeneous nature of this syndrome and the difficulty of modeling it in vitro or in vivo has both frustrated the advancement of new therapies and emphasized the continuing importance of patient-based clinical research in this area of human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.H. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfield CampusHertfordshire,UK (Lewis, Chan, Garden)
- Present address:
Langford Veterinary ServicesSmall Animal HospitalLangford HouseLangfordBristol, BS40 5DUUK
| | - D.L. Chan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfield CampusHertfordshire,UK (Lewis, Chan, Garden)
| | - D. Pinheiro
- Regulatory T Cell LaboratoryThe Royal Veterinary CollegeCamden Campus, LondonNW1 OTUUK (Pinheiro, Garden)
| | - E. Armitage‐Chan
- Davies Veterinary SpecialistsManor Farm Business ParkHertfordshireSG5 3HR, UK (Armitage‐Chan)
| | - O.A. Garden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfield CampusHertfordshire,UK (Lewis, Chan, Garden)
- Regulatory T Cell LaboratoryThe Royal Veterinary CollegeCamden Campus, LondonNW1 OTUUK (Pinheiro, Garden)
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20
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Ng W, Lobach AR, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu F, Metushi IG, Sharma A, Li J, Cai P, Ip J, Novalen M, Popovic M, Zhang X, Tanino T, Nakagawa T, Li Y, Uetrecht J. Animal Models of Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions. CURRENT CONCEPTS IN DRUG METABOLISM AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:81-135. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398339-8.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Behcet's Disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Increasing studies find that a sophisticated interlacing cytokine network is closely implicated in the onset, evolution and even organ damages of the disease. Cytokines involved can be categorized as Th1 type, Th2 type, Th17 type, chemokines and other proinflammatory cytokines, etc. The vicious cycle of cytokine network plays a substantial role in the disease pathogenesis and even in organ lesions, and might be disorganized by blocking one of the key links of the cytokines, which in turn may provide essential clues to outlook the target therapy regimen of cytokine agents in BD. There have been a number of case reports of the positive efficacies of cytokine (and cytokine blocker) agents including Infiximab (Human murine chimeric Anti-TNF α monoclonal antibody), Anakinra (recombinant, non-glycosylated human IL1 receptor antagonist) etc in BD. IFN-α had been used clinically in treating BD with uveitis with beneficial efficacy ever since the 1980s. The studies to date suggested that IL6, IP10 are involved in BD with nervous system lesions, IL17, IL18 are relevant to the superimposed uveitis in patients with BD. Some cytokines i.e. IL8, RANTES, MIP-1α are associated with the disease activity, whereas others are exemplified by that of IL10, whose level shows negative relevance to the disease activity, might be potentially cytokine of protecting effect. According to the related genetic study, the SNPs of numerous cytokines including IL1, TNFα, IFNγ, IL12, and IL18 are pertinent to BD. The recent GWAS (Genome Wide Association Studies) demonstrated that SNPs in the IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 region are associated with the disease. Most studies nowadays are confined within the cytokines in the peripheral blood levels, owing to the potentially significant roles of certain cytokines in local lesions. It warrants further in-depth study to address this issue. Moreover, it deserves multi-centre study considering the unique geographical "silk road" display picture of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhou
- Shanghai Clinical Centre of Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, China
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Yang J, Fan H, Hao J, Ren Y, Chen L, Li G, Xie R, Yang Y, Qian K, Liu M. Amelioration of acute graft-versus-host disease by adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded human cord blood CD4+CD25+ forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells is associated with the polarization of Treg/Th17 balance in a mouse model. Transfusion 2011; 52:1333-47. [PMID: 22098312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cord blood (CB) is a superior source of regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with peripheral blood. Initial studies have shown that CB-derived Tregs can be effectively expanded ex vivo. However, in vitro suppressor activity of expanded CB-Tregs and their efficacy in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in vivo are poorly understood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In vitro, human CB CD4+CD25+ T cells expanded with anti-CD3/CD28 beads plus interleukin (IL)-2 and the phenotypes, expression of cytokines, and suppression of expanded cells were analyzed after two cycles of stimulation. In vivo, the addition of human CB-Tregs was transferred in the major histocompatibility complex-mismatched aGVHD mouse model. Survival, body weight, GVHD scoring, histopathologic specimens, serum cytokines, and Th subsets were analyzed in CB-Treg-treated mice and untreated controls. RESULTS After being expanded ex vivo, human CB-derived Tregs with potent suppressor function could meet clinical demands. Up to 85% of mice with CB-Tregs treatment survived beyond Day 63 after bone marrow transplantation; however, all aGVHD mice died within 18 days. In the serum of the CB-Treg-treated mice, the production of transforming growth factor-β increased continuously, as opposed to IL-17, which decreased quickly. Consistent with the changes of cytokines, the percentage of mouse CD4+ forkhead box protein 3+ Tregs increased while that of Th17 cells decreased. CONCLUSION Ex vivo expanded human CB-Tregs significantly prevented allogeneic aGVHD in vivo by modulating various cytokine secretion and polarizing the Treg/Th17 balance toward Treg, which suggests the potential use of expanded CB-Tregs as a therapeutic approach for GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Blood Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
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23
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Sheng JR, Muthusamy T, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. GM-CSF-induced regulatory T cells selectively inhibit anti-acetylcholine receptor-specific immune responses in experimental myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 240-241:65-73. [PMID: 22099723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated the ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to suppress autoimmunity by increasing the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the current study, we have explored the critical role of induced antigen specific Tregs in the therapeutic effects of GM-CSF in murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Specifically, we show that Tregs from GM-CSF treated EAMG mice (GM-CSF/AChR-induced-Tregs) adoptively transferred into animals with EAMG suppressed clinical disease more potently than equal numbers of Tregs from either GM-CSF untreated EAMG mice or healthy mice treated with GM-CSF. In addition, GM-CSF/AChR-induced-Tregs selectively suppressed antigen specific T cell proliferation induced by AChR relative to that induced by an irrelevant self antigen, (thyroglobulin) and failed to significantly alter T cell proliferation in response to an exogenous antigen (ovalbumin). These results are consistent with the hypothesized mechanism of action of GM-CSF involving the mobilization of tolerogenic dendritic cell precursors which, upon antigen (AChR) capture, suppress the anti-AChR immune response through the induction/expansion of AChR-specific Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong Sheng
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612, United States
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24
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Kornete M, Piccirillo CA. Critical co-stimulatory pathways in the stability of Foxp3+ Treg cell homeostasis in Type I diabetes. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:104-11. [PMID: 21875694 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance maintain a controlled balance between self-tolerance, protective immunity against a spectrum of non-self antigens, and suppressing pathology in various disorders. CD4(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor dominantly control the activity and pathological consequences of a variety of effector T cell lineages in various inflammatory settings. This review will focus on recent advances on the roles of B7 family members in regulating Treg cell development, function and homeostasis during tolerance induction and organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kornete
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Miyara M, Gorochov G, Ehrenstein M, Musset L, Sakaguchi S, Amoura Z. Human FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in systemic autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:744-55. [PMID: 21621000 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the characterization of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice, significant progress has been made in the definitions of the phenotype and the function of human Treg cells in health and in pathological conditions. Recent advances in the field leading to a better molecular definition of Treg subsets in humans and the description of the dynamics of differentiation of Treg cells should bring new insights in the understanding of human chronic systemic autoimmune diseases. How Treg cells are compromised in these diseases is a challenging issue because the elucidation of the mechanisms leading to such anomaly might lead to promising novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyara
- Internal Medicine Department, French national Reference center for SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
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Sade K, Fishman G, Kivity S, DeRowe A, Langier S. Expression of Th17 and Treg Lymphocyte Subsets in Hypertrophied Adenoids of Children and its Clinical Significance. Immunol Invest 2011; 40:657-66. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2011.575426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Follicular helper T cells poise immune responses to the development of autoimmune pathology. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Dong W, Zhu P, Wang Y, Wang Z. Follicular helper T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: A potential therapeutic target. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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The pathogenesis of oligoarticular/polyarticular vs systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:482-9. [PMID: 21320644 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has had a long and difficult problem with classification. It is clearly a heterogeneous and multi-factorial autoimmune disease but all too often the distinctions among subtypes were unclear. In fact, there is now increasing evidence of a distinct pathogenesis of oligo/polyarticular JIA compared to systemic JIA. Oligo/polyarticular JIA is an antigen-driven lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease with abnormality in the adaptive immune system. Cartilage-derived auto-antigens activate autoreactive T cells including Th1 and Th17 cells with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17. On the other hand, the inhibition of regulatory T (Treg) cells including natural Foxp3(+) Treg and self-heat shock protein-induced Treg cells with decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 results in the loss of immune tolerance. Imbalance between autoreactive Th1/Th17 and Treg cells leads to the failure of T cell tolerance to self-antigens, which contributes to the synovial inflammation of oligo/polyarticular JIA. By contrast, systemic JIA is an autoinflammatory disease with abnormality in the innate immune system. A loss of control of the alternative secretory pathway leading to aberrant activation of phagocytes including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils seems to be involved in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-18 and pro-inflammatory S100-proteins, which contribute to the multisystem inflammation of systemic JIA. Markedly distinct pathogenesis of oligo/polyarticular JIA and systemic JIA implies that they might need different treatment strategies.
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30
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Bobryshev YV. Vitamin D3 suppresses immune reactions in atherosclerosis, affecting regulatory T cells and dendritic cell function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2317-9. [PMID: 21084698 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.217141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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