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Helamieh M, Reich M, Rohne P, Riebesell U, Kerner M, Kümmerer K. Impact of green and blue-green light on the growth, pigment concentration, and fatty acid unsaturation in the microalga Monoraphidium braunii. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:587-595. [PMID: 37882377 DOI: 10.1111/php.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The spectral composition of light is an important factor for the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Several blue light-regulated metabolic processes have already been identified in the industrially relevant microalga Monoraphidium braunii. However, little is known about the spectral impact on this species' growth, fatty acid (FA), and pigment composition. In this study, M. braunii was cultivated under different light spectra (white light: 400-700 nm, blue light: 400-550 nm, green light: 450-600 nm, and red light: 580-700 nm) at 25°C for 96 h. The growth was monitored daily. Additionally, the FA composition, and pigment concentration was analyzed after 96 h. The highest biomass production was observed upon white light and red light irradiation. However, green light also led to comparably high biomass production, fueling the scientific debate about the contribution of weakly absorbed light wavelengths to microalgal biomass production. All light spectra (white, blue, and green) that comprised blue-green light (450-550 nm) led to a higher degree of FA unsaturation and a greater concentration of all identified pigments than red light. These results further contribute to the growing understanding that blue-green light is an essential trigger for maximized pigment concentration and FA unsaturation in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Helamieh
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
- Strategic Science Consult Ltd., Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reich
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Rohne
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Therapeutical Life Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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Ji N, Wang J, Huang W, Huang J, Cai Y, Sun S, Shen X, Liang Y. Transcriptome analysis of the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo under a 24-hour light-dark cycle. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102601. [PMID: 38485440 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The photoperiod, which is defined as the period of time within a 24-hour time frame that light is available, is an important environmental regulator of several physiological processes in phytoplankton, including harmful bloom-forming phytoplankton. The ichthyotoxic raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo is a globally distributed bloom-forming phytoplankton. Despite extensive studies on the ecological impact of H. akashiwo, the influence of the photoperiod on crucial biological processes of this species remains unclear. In this study, gene expression in H. akashiwo was analyzed over a 24-hour light-dark (14:10) treatment period. Approximately 36 % of unigenes in H. akashiwo were differentially expressed during this 24-hour treatment period, which is indicative of their involvement in the response to light-dark variation. Notably, the number of differentially expressed genes exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease as the sampling time progressed (T0 vs. other time points). Unigenes associated with photosynthesis and photoprotection reached their peak expression levels after 2-4 h of illumination (T12-T14). In contrast, the expression of unigenes associated with DNA replication peaked at the starting point of the dark period (T0). Furthermore, although several unigenes annotated to photoreceptors displayed potential diel periodicity, genes from various photoreceptor families (such as phytochrome and cryptochrome) showed unique expression patterns. Collectively, our findings offer novel perspectives on the response of H. akashiwo to the light-dark cycle, serving as a valuable resource for investigating the physiology and ecology of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang 222005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Junyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wencong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jinwang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yuefeng Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Song Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Bo Y, Wang S, Ma F, Yurevich Manyakhin A, Zhang G, Li X, Zhou C, Ge B, Yan X, Ruan R, Cheng P. The influence of spermidine on the build-up of fucoxanthin in Isochrysis sp. Acclimated to varying light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129688. [PMID: 37595805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is a type of important growth regulator, which involved in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, and has the function of promoting cell proliferation. In this study, Isochrysis sp. was selected as the research object to explore the effects of spermidine supplementation on the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin synthesis under different light intensities. The results showed that the cell density (5.40 × 106 cells/mL) of algae were the highest at 11 days under the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 and spermidine content of 150 μM. The contents of diadinoxanthin (1.09 mg/g) and fucoxanthin (6.11 mg/g) were the highest when spermidine was added under low light intensity, and the growth of algal cells and fucoxanthin metabolism were the most significant. In the carotenoid synthesis pathway, PDS (phytoene desaturase) was up-regulated by 1.96 times and VDE (violaxanthin de-epoxidase) was down-regulated by 0.95 times, which may promote fucoxanthin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Bo
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo university, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Artem Yurevich Manyakhin
- Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Scientific Center of East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, 100-letiya Vladivostoka Prospect, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Lianxi Ecological Environment Bureau of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Küster L, Lücke R, Brabender C, Bethmann S, Jahns P. The Amount of Zeaxanthin Epoxidase But Not the Amount of Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase Is a Critical Determinant of Zeaxanthin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1220-1230. [PMID: 37556318 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of violaxanthin (Vx) de-epoxidase (VDE), photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and zeaxanthin (Zx) epoxidase (ZEP) (VPZ) lines, which simultaneously overexpress VDE, PsbS and ZEP, has been successfully used to accelerate the kinetics of the induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Here, we studied the impact of the overexpression of VDE and ZEP on the conversion of the xanthophyll cycle pigments in VPZ lines of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. The protein amount of both VDE and ZEP was determined to be increased to about 3- to 5-fold levels of wild-type (WT) plants for both species. Compared to WT plants, the conversion of Vx to Zx, and hence VDE activity, was only marginally accelerated in VPZ lines, whereas the conversion of Zx to Vx, and thus ZEP activity, was strongly increased in VPZ lines. This indicates that the amount of ZEP but not the amount of VDE is a critical determinant of the equilibrium of the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments under saturating light conditions. Comparing the two steps of epoxidation, particularly the second step (antheraxanthin to Vx) was found to be accelerated in VPZ lines, implying that the intermediate Ax is released into the membrane during epoxidation by ZEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Küster
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lücke
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christin Brabender
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bethmann
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Li R, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Jing J, Ge X, Zhao L, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J, Shen J. Xanthophyll esterases in association with fibrillins control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of rapeseed (Brassica juncea). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:285-301. [PMID: 37194444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis, stabilization, and storage of carotenoids are vital processes in plants that collectively contribute to the vibrant colors observed in flowers and fruits. Despite its importance, the carotenoid storage pathway remains poorly understood and lacks thorough characterization. We identified two homologous genes, BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2, belonging to the esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) family of acyltransferases. We showed that BjPCs in association with fibrillin gene BjFBN1b control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of Brassica juncea. Through genetic, high-resolution mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we demonstrated that both BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2 can promote the accumulation of esterified xanthophylls, facilitating the formation of carotenoid-enriched plastoglobules (PGs) and ultimately producing yellow pigments in flowers. The elimination of BjPCs led to the redirection of metabolic flux from xanthophyll ester biosynthesis to lipid biosynthesis, resulting in white flowers for B. juncea. Moreover, we genetically verified the function of two fibrillin genes, BjA01.FBN1b and BjB05.FBN1b, in mediating PG formation and demonstrated that xanthophyll esters must be deposited in PGs for stable storage. These findings identified a previously unknown carotenoid storage pathway that is regulated by BjPCs and BjFBN1b, while offering unique opportunities for improving the stability, deposition, and bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinyu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jing Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Liu M, Zhao Y, Fan P, Kong J, Wang Y, Xu X, Xu M, Wang L, Li S, Liang Z, Duan W, Dai Z. Grapevine plantlets respond to different monochromatic lights by tuning photosynthesis and carbon allocation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad160. [PMID: 37719274 PMCID: PMC10500148 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of planting materials is the foundation for productivity, longevity, and berry quality of perennial grapevines with a long lifespan. Manipulating the nursery light spectrum may speed up the production of healthy and high-quality planting vines but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, the effects of different monochromatic lights (green, blue, and red) on grapevine growth, leaf photosynthesis, whole-plant carbon allocation, and transcriptome reprograming were investigated with white light as control. Results showed that blue and red lights were favorable for plantlet growth in comparison with white light. Blue light repressed excessive growth, significantly increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves by 39.58% and leaf specific weight by 38.29%. Red light increased the dry weight of the stem by 53.60%, the starch content of the leaf by 53.63%, and the sucrose content of the stem by 230%. Green light reduced all photosynthetic indexes of the grape plantlet. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)/Ci-Pn curves indicated that blue light affected photosynthetic rate depending on the light intensity and CO2 concentration. RNA-seq analysis of different organs (leaf, stem, and root) revealed a systematic transcriptome remodeling and VvCOP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), VvHY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5), VvHYH (HY5 HOMOLOG), VvELIP (early light-induced protein) and VvPIF3 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3) may play important roles in this shoot-to-root signaling. Furthermore, the correlation network between differential expression genes and physiological traits indicated that VvpsbS (photosystem II subunit S), Vvpsb28 (photosystem II subunit 28), VvHYH, VvSUS4 (sucrose synthase 4), and VvALDA (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase) were pertinent candidate genes in responses to different light qualities. Our results provide a foundation for optimizing the light recipe of grape plantlets and strengthen the understanding of light signaling and carbon metabolism under different monochromatic lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peige Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meilong Xu
- Ningxia Horticulture Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bhargava N, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Voogd C, Allan AC. Comparative transcriptomic and plastid development analysis sheds light on the differential carotenoid accumulation in kiwifruit flesh. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213086. [PMID: 37711308 PMCID: PMC10499360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are colorful lipophilic isoprenoids synthesized in all photosynthetic organisms which play roles in plant growth and development and provide numerous health benefits in the human diet (precursor of Vitamin A). The commercially popular kiwifruits are golden yellow-fleshed (Actinidia chinensis) and green fleshed (A. deliciosa) cultivars which have a high carotenoid concentration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the synthesis and sequestration of carotenoids in Actinidia species is key to increasing nutritional value of this crop via breeding. In this study we analyzed fruit with varying flesh color from three Actinidia species; orange-fleshed A. valvata (OF), yellow-fleshed A. polygama (YF) and green-fleshed A. arguta (GF). Microscopic analysis revealed that carotenoids accumulated in a crystalline form in YF and OF chromoplasts, with the size of crystals being bigger in OF compared to YF, which also contained globular substructures in the chromoplast. Metabolic profiles were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which showed that β-carotene was the predominant carotenoid in the OF and YF species, while lutein was the dominant carotenoid in the GF species. Global changes in gene expression were studied between OF and GF (both tetraploid) species using RNA-sequencing which showed higher expression levels of upstream carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes such as DXS, PSY, GGPPS, PDS, ZISO, and ZDS in OF species compared to GF. However, low expression of downstream pathway genes was observed in both species. Pathway regulatory genes (OR and OR-L), plastid morphology related genes (FIBRILLIN), chlorophyll degradation genes (SGR, SGR-L, RCCR, and NYC1) were upregulated in OF species compared to GF. This suggests chlorophyll degradation (primarily in the initial ripening stages) is accompanied by increased carotenoid production and localization in orange flesh tissue, a contrast from green flesh tissue. These results suggest a coordinated change in the carotenoid pathway, as well as changes in plastid type, are responsible for an orange phenotype in certain kiwifruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Bhargava
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Liu M, Ding W, Pan Y, Hu H, Liu J. Zeaxanthin epoxidase is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis and light-dependent growth of the marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 37138328 PMCID: PMC10157934 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica, an emerging model belonging to Heterokont, is considered as a promising light-driven eukaryotic chassis for transforming carbon dioxide to various compounds including carotenoids. Nevertheless, the carotenogenic genes and their roles in the alga remain less understood and to be further explored. RESULTS Here, two phylogenetically distant zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) genes from N. oceanica (NoZEP1 and NoZEP2) were functionally characterized. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that both NoZEP1 and NoZEP2 reside in the chloroplast yet with differential distribution patterns. Overexpression of NoZEP1 or NoZEP2 led to increases of violaxanthin and its downstream carotenoids at the expense of zeaxanthin in N. oceanica, with the extent of changes mediated by NoZEP1 overexpression being greater as compared to NoZEP2 overexpression. Suppression of NoZEP1 or NoZEP2, on the other hand, caused decreases of violaxanthin and its downstream carotenoids as well as increases of zeaxanthin; similarly, the extent of changes mediated by NoZEP1 suppression was larger than that by NoZEP2 suppression. Interestingly, chlorophyll a dropped following violaxanthin decrease in a well-correlated manner in response to NoZEP suppression. The thylakoid membrane lipids including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol also correlated with the violaxanthin decreases. Accordingly, NoZEP1 suppression resulted in more attenuated algal growth than NoZEP2 suppression did under either normal light or high light stage. CONCLUSIONS The results together support that both NoZEP1 and NoZEP2, localized in the chloroplast, have overlapping roles in epoxidating zeaxanthin to violaxanthin for the light-dependent growth, yet with NoZEP1 being more functional than NoZEP2 in N. oceanica. Our study provides implications into the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis and future manipulation of N. oceanica for carotenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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9
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Liu J, Yan J, Zhu K, Sun X, Bu X, Wang X, Ahammed GJ, Liu Y, Sun Z, Qi M, Wang F, Li T. Tetratricopeptide repeat protein SlREC2 positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:648-665. [PMID: 36760172 PMCID: PMC10152682 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a key environmental constraint that dramatically affects the growth, productivity, and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified REDUCED CHLOROPLAST COVERAGE 2 (SlREC2) encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat protein that positively regulates tomato cold tolerance. Disruption of SlREC2 largely reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels, photoprotection, and the expression of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)-pathway genes in tomato plants under cold stress. ABA deficiency in the notabilis (not) mutant, which carries a mutation in 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 1 (SlNCED1), strongly inhibited the cold tolerance of SlREC2-silenced plants and empty vector control plants and resulted in a similar phenotype. In addition, foliar application of ABA rescued the cold tolerance of SlREC2-silenced plants, which confirms that SlNCED1-mediated ABA accumulation is required for SlREC2-regulated cold tolerance. Strikingly, SlREC2 physically interacted with β-RING CAROTENE HYDROXYLASE 1b (SlBCH1b), a key regulatory enzyme in the xanthophyll cycle. Disruption of SlBCH1b severely impaired photoprotection, ABA accumulation, and CBF-pathway gene expression in tomato plants under cold stress. Taken together, this study reveals that SlREC2 interacts with SlBCH1b to enhance cold tolerance in tomato via integration of SlNCED1-mediated ABA accumulation, photoprotection, and the CBF-pathway, thus providing further genetic knowledge for breeding cold-resistant tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinxia Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiarong Yan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Kangyou Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Bu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhouping Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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10
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Rieseberg TP, Dadras A, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Dhabalia Ashok A, Darienko T, de Vries S, Irisarri I, de Vries J. Crossroads in the evolution of plant specialized metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:37-58. [PMID: 35292191 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The monophyletic group of embryophytes (land plants) stands out among photosynthetic eukaryotes: they are the sole constituents of the macroscopic flora on land. In their entirety, embryophytes account for the majority of the biomass on land and constitute an astounding biodiversity. What allowed for the massive radiation of this particular lineage? One of the defining features of all land plants is the production of an array of specialized metabolites. The compounds that the specialized metabolic pathways of embryophytes produce have diverse functions, ranging from superabundant structural polymers and compounds that ward off abiotic and biotic challenges, to signaling molecules whose abundance is measured at the nanomolar scale. These specialized metabolites govern the growth, development, and physiology of land plants-including their response to the environment. Hence, specialized metabolites define the biology of land plants as we know it. And they were likely a foundation for their success. It is thus intriguing to find that the closest algal relatives of land plants, freshwater organisms from the grade of streptophyte algae, possess homologs for key enzymes of specialized metabolic pathways known from land plants. Indeed, some studies suggest that signature metabolites emerging from these pathways can be found in streptophyte algae. Here we synthesize the current understanding of which routes of the specialized metabolism of embryophytes can be traced to a time before plants had conquered land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Rieseberg
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Armin Dadras
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amra Dhabalia Ashok
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtsr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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11
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The Functions of Chloroplastic Ascorbate in Vascular Plants and Algae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032537. [PMID: 36768860 PMCID: PMC9916717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) is a multifunctional metabolite essential for various cellular processes in plants and animals. The best-known property of Asc is to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), in a highly regulated manner. Besides being an effective antioxidant, Asc also acts as a chaperone for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that are involved in the hormone metabolism of plants and the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. Asc also essential for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signaling and iron transport. Thus, Asc affects plant growth, development, and stress resistance via various mechanisms. In this review, the intricate relationship between Asc and photosynthesis in plants and algae is summarized in the following major points: (i) regulation of Asc biosynthesis by light, (ii) interaction between photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport in relation to Asc biosynthesis, (iii) Asc acting as an alternative electron donor of photosystem II, (iv) Asc inactivating the oxygen-evolving complex, (v) the role of Asc in non-photochemical quenching, and (vi) the role of Asc in ROS management in the chloroplast. The review also discusses differences in the regulation of Asc biosynthesis and the effects of Asc on photosynthesis in algae and vascular plants.
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12
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Lima S, Lokesh J, Schulze PSC, Wijffels RH, Kiron V, Scargiali F, Petters S, Bernstein HC, Morales-Sánchez D. Flashing lights affect the photophysiology and expression of carotenoid and lipid synthesis genes in Nannochloropsis gaditana. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:171-181. [PMID: 36417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a promising microalga for biotechnology. One of the strategies to stimulate its full potential in metabolite production is exposure to flashing lights. Here, we report how N. gaditana adapts to different flashing light regimes (5, 50, and 500 Hz) by changing its cellular physiology and the relative expression of genes related to critical cellular functions. We analyzed the differential mRNA abundance of genes related to photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation and biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids and starch. Analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and high mRNA abundance of photoprotection genes supported the inference that excess excitation energy provided by light absorbance during photosynthesis was produced under low frequency flashing lights and was dissipated by photopigments via the xanthophyll-cycle. Increased relative expression levels of genes related to the synthesis of carotenoids and chlorophyll confirmed the accumulation of photopigments previously observed at low frequency flashing lights. Higher differential mRNA abundance of genes related to the triacylglycerol biosynthesis were observed at lower frequency flashing lights, possibly triggered by a poor nitrogen assimilation caused by low mRNA abundance of a nitrate reductase gene. This study advances a new understanding of algal physiology and metabolism leading to improved cellular performance and metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; INRAE E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; GreenColab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Sebastian Petters
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans C Bernstein
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniela Morales-Sánchez
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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13
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Garmash EV, Dymova OV, Silina EV, Malyshev RV, Belykh ES, Shelyakin MA, Velegzhaninov IO. AOX1a Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects the State of Chloroplast Photoprotective Systems under Moderately High Light Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223030. [PMID: 36432760 PMCID: PMC9697105 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is considered important for sustaining photosynthesis under high light conditions. Here, we examined the effects of the AOX pathway on the state of chloroplast photoprotective systems. Arabidopsis thaliana plants (4 weeks old), comprising three genotypes (wild type [WT], overexpressing [XX-2] and antisense [AS-12] lines for AOX1a), were exposed to moderately high light conditions (MHL, 400 μmol m-2 s-1) in a short-term experiment (8 h). After 8 h of MHL, the WT and XX-2 plants showed stable non-photochemical quenching (qN) and violaxanthin cycle activity. Antisense plants displayed the lowest level of qN and a lower de-epoxidation state (DEPS) relative to plants of the same line after 4-6 h MHL, as well as compared to WT and XX-2 plants after 8 h MHL. The decline in DEPS in AS-12 plants was attributed to an insufficient violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity, which in turn was associated with a decrease in reduced ascorbate levels in the chloroplasts and leaves. Simultaneously, gene expression and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the antisense line increased after 8 h of MHL, supporting the compensatory effect of the antioxidant system when AOX1a expression is suppressed. This study emphasizes the role played by AOX in modulating the photoprotection processes and in the maintenance of relationships between mitochondria and chloroplasts by influencing ascorbate content.
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14
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Sipari N, Lihavainen J, Keinänen M. Metabolite Profiling of Paraquat Tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana Radical-induced Cell Death1 ( rcd1)-A Mediator of Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102034. [PMID: 36290757 PMCID: PMC9598866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear protein that is disrupted during oxidative stress. RCD1 is considered an important integrative node in development and stress responses, and the rcd1 plants have several phenotypes and altered resistance to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the phenotypes of rcd1 is resistance to the herbicide paraquat, but the mechanisms behind it are unknown. Paraquat causes a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initially in the chloroplast. We performed multi-platform metabolomic analyses in wild type Col-0 and paraquat resistant rcd1 plants to identify pathways conveying resistance and the function of RCD1 in this respect. Wild type and rcd1 plants were clearly distinguished by their abundance of antioxidants and specialized metabolites and their responses to paraquat. The lack of response in rcd1 suggested constitutively active defense against ROS via elevated flavonoid, glutathione, β-carotene, and tocopherol levels, whereas its ascorbic acid levels were compromised under non-stressed control conditions when compared to Col-0. We propose that RCD1 acts as a hub that maintains basal antioxidant system, and its inactivation induces defense responses by enhancing the biosynthesis and redox cycling of low molecular weight antioxidants and specialized metabolites with profound antioxidant activities alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Universitet, 90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.K.)
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15
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Rufino‐Moya PJ, Bertolín JR, Blanco M, Lobón S, Joy M. Fatty acid profile, secondary compounds and antioxidant activities in the fresh forage, hay and silage of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4736-4743. [PMID: 35195298 PMCID: PMC9542018 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) are forage legumes usually preserved to optimize their utilization as feedstuffs. However, the method of preservation modifies the chemical composition differently in both legume species. Secondary compounds (such as proanthocyanidins, fatty acids, carotenoids and tocopherols) present in forages affect the quality of animal products. Therefore, the effect of preservation on the contents of secondary compounds should be investigated. Accoridngly, samples of sainfoin and sulla were directly freeze-dried (fresh), dried at ambient temperature (hay) and vacuum-packaged for 82 days (silage). RESULTS In both legumes, the total fatty acid and C18:3 n-3 contents decreased and C16:0 increased with preservation (P < 0.001), with a greater effect for the hays than for the silages. For both legumes, the lutein, neoxanthin and violaxanthin contents decreased to a greater extent in the silages than in the hays (P < 0.001). Both hays exhibited the lowest β-carotene concentrations (P < 0.001). The α-tocopherol contents decreased in hays, but not in silages, compared to the fresh forages of both legumes (P < 0.001). The antioxidant activities were lower in the silages than in the hays and fresh forages (P < 0.001) and were very strongly related to the contents of polyphenols and proanthocyanidins (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Haymaking affected the fatty acid, carotenoid and α-tocopherol contents to a greater extent but had a lesser effect on the antioxidant activities than silage-making, which were very strongly related to their contents of polyphenols and proanthocyanidins. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo José Rufino‐Moya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon‐IA2 (CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CórdobaSanidad Animal Building, Rabanales CampusCórdoba14071Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon‐IA2 (CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon‐IA2 (CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Sandra Lobón
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon‐IA2 (CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon‐IA2 (CITA‐Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain
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Holzmann D, Bethmann S, Jahns P. Zeaxanthin Epoxidase Activity Is Downregulated by Hydrogen Peroxide. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1091-1100. [PMID: 35674150 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The xanthophyll zeaxanthin (Zx) serves important photoprotective functions in chloroplasts and is particularly involved in the dissipation of excess light energy as heat in the antenna of photosystem II (PSII). Zx accumulates under high-light (HL) conditions in thylakoid membranes and is reconverted to violaxanthin by Zx epoxidase (ZEP) in low light or darkness. ZEP activity is completely inhibited under long-lasting HL stress, and the ZEP protein becomes degraded along with the PSII subunit D1 during photoinhibition of PSII. This ZEP inactivation ensures that high levels of Zx are maintained under harsh HL stress. The mechanism of ZEP inactivation is unknown. Here, we investigated ZEP inactivation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) under in vitro conditions. Our results show that ZEP activity is completely inhibited by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whereas inhibition by singlet oxygen or superoxide seems rather unlikely. Due to the limited information about the amount of singlet oxygen and superoxide accumulating under the applied experimental conditions, however, a possible inhibition of ZEP activity by these two ROS cannot be generally excluded. Despite this limitation, our data support the hypothesis that the accumulation of ROS, in particular H2O2, might be responsible for HL-induced inactivation of ZEP under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrij Holzmann
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bethmann
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Lou Y, Sun H, Zhu C, Yang K, Li X, Gao Z. PeVDE, a violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene from moso bamboo, confers photoprotection ability in transgenic Arabidopsis under high light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927949. [PMID: 36035723 PMCID: PMC9403991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ an array of photoprotection mechanisms to alleviate the harmful effects of high light intensity. The violaxanthin cycle, which is associated with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and is one of the most rapid and efficient mechanisms protecting plants under high light intensity. Woody bamboo is a class of economically and ecologically important evergreen grass species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. However, the function of VDE in bamboo has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that high light intensity increased NPQ and stimulated the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin cycle components in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), whereas, samples treated with the VDE inhibitor (dithiothreitol) exhibited lower NPQ capacity, suggesting that violaxanthin cycle plays an important role in the photoprotection of bamboo. Further analysis showed that not only high light intensity but also extreme temperatures (4 and 42°C) and drought stress upregulated the expression of PeVDE in bamboo leaves, indicating that PeVDE is induced by multiple abiotic stresses. Overexpression of PeVDE under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in Arabidopsis mutant npq1 mutant could rescue its NPQ, indicating that PeVDE functions in dissipating the excess absorbed light energy as thermal energy in bamboo. Moreover, compared with wild-type (Col-0) plants, the transgenic plants overexpressing PeVDE displayed enhanced photoprotection ability, higher NPQ capacity, slower decline in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v /F m ) under high light intensity, and faster recovery under optimal conditions. These results suggest that PeVDE positively regulates the response to high light intensity in bamboo plants growing in the natural environment, which could improve their photoprotection ability through the violaxanthin cycle and NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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Shao Z, Xie X, Liu X, Zheng Z, Huan L, Zhang B, Wang G. Overexpression of mitochondrial γCAL1 reveals a unique photoprotection mechanism in intertidal resurrection red algae through decreasing photorespiration. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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19
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Schwenkert S, Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Möhlmann T, Naranjo B, Neuhaus HE. Chloroplasts are key players to cope with light and temperature stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:577-587. [PMID: 35012879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Under natural environmental conditions, changes in light intensity and temperature are closely interwoven, and of all organelles, only chloroplasts react strongly upon alterations of these two parameters. We review increasing evidence indicating that changes in chloroplast metabolism are critical for the comprehensive cellular answer in a challenging environment. This cellular answer starts with rapid modifications of thylakoid-located processes, followed by modifications in the stroma and transport activities across the chloroplast envelope. We propose that the 'modulators' involved contribute to plant stress tolerance and that deciphering of their characteristics is essential to understand 'acclimation'. Especially in times of climatic changes, we must gain knowledge on physiological reactions that might become instrumental for directed breeding strategies aiming to develop stress-tolerant crop plants.
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Short AH, Fay TP, Crisanto T, Hall J, Steen CJ, Niyogi KK, Limmer DT, Fleming GR. Xanthophyll-cycle based model of the rapid photoprotection of Nannochloropsis in response to regular and irregular light/dark sequences. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:205102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract <p>We explore the photoprotection dynamics of Nannochloropsis oceanica using time-correlated single photon counting under regular and irregular actinic light sequences. The varying light sequences mimic natural conditions, allowing us to probe the real-time response of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways. Durations of fluctuating light exposure during a fixed total experimental time and prior light exposure of the algae are both found to have a profound effect on NPQ. These observations are rationalized with a quantitative model based on the xanthophyll cycle and the protonation of LHCX1. The model is able to accurately describe the dynamics of non-photochemical quenching across a variety of light sequences. The combined model and observations suggest that the accumulation of a quenching complex, likely zeaxanthin bound to a protonated LHCX1, is responsible for the gradual rise in NPQ. Additionally, the model makes specific predictions for the light sequence dependence of xanthophyll concentrations that are in reasonable agreement with independent chromatography measurements taken during a specific light/dark sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey H Short
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Thomas Patrick Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Thien Crisanto
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Johanna Hall
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - Collin J Steen
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley College of Chemistry, United States of America
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21
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Li X, Yang G, Yuan X, Wu F, Wang W, Shen JR, Kuang T, Qin X. Structural elucidation of vascular plant photosystem I and its functional implications. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:432-443. [PMID: 34637699 DOI: 10.1071/fp21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, bryophytes and algae, the photosynthetic light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane where two transmembrane supercomplexes PSII and PSI work together with cytochrome b 6 f and ATP synthase to harvest the light energy and produce ATP and NADPH. Vascular plant PSI is a 600-kDa protein-pigment supercomplex, the core complex of which is partly surrounded by peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that captures sunlight and transfers the excitation energy to the core to be used for charge separation. PSI is unique mainly in absorption of longer-wavelengths than PSII, fast excitation energy transfer including uphill energy transfer, and an extremely high quantum efficiency. From the early 1980s, a lot of effort has been dedicated to structural and functional studies of PSI-LHCI, leading to the current understanding of how more than 200 cofactors are kept at the correct distance and geometry to facilitate fast energy transfer in this supercomplex at an atomic level. In this review, we review the history of studies on vascular plant PSI-LHCI, summarise the present research progress on its structure, and present some new and further questions to be answered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; and School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Gongxian Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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22
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Seki S, Yamano Y, Oka N, Kamei Y, Fujii R. Discovery of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor in Codium fragile that accumulates only by exposure to blue-green light. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1544-1555. [PMID: 35460262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms adapt to a variety of light conditions. Codium fragile, a macrosiphonous green alga, binds a unique carbonyl carotenoid, siphonaxanthin, to its major photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, allowing it to utilize dim blue-green light for photosynthesis. Here, we describe the absolute chemical structure of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor, 19-deoxysiphonaxanthin, that accumulates specifically in the photosynthetic antenna only when cultivated under blue-green light. The action spectra of pigment accumulation suggest that siphonaxanthin biosynthesis is regulated by a specific wavelength profile. The results provide clues to a new acclimation mechanism to withstand hours of intense light at low tide and why siphonous algae have been growing invasively on the world's coasts for more than a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Seki
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Comprehensive Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oka
- Bio-innovation Research Center (Naruto Campus), Tokushima University, Naruto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan.,Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
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23
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Krimech A, Helamieh M, Wulf M, Krohn I, Riebesell U, Cherifi O, Mandi L, Kerner M. Differences in adaptation to light and temperature extremes of Chlorella sorokiniana strains isolated from a wastewater lagoon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126931. [PMID: 35247554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Presently, two Chlorella sorokiniana strains sampled during summer (CS-S) and winter (CS-W) from a maturation pond and isolated by dominance were studied on their behavior on temperature and light extremes in batch experiments. Although both strains showed no differences in their tolerance of temperatures up to 45 °C, the growth rates, pigment contents and fatty acid compositions in response to PAR at 700 and 1,500 µmol m-2sec-1 differed. CS-W was less affected by photoinhibition and maintained constantly high growth rates. High radiation resulted in both strains in an equivalent decrease of chlorophyll a and accessory pigments indicating that the latter did not function as a light filter. PUFAS (18:3 and 16:3) increased in CS-W at high radiation by > 60% and decreased in CS-S by 8 %. Results indicate that CS-W is highly favorable for mass cultivation particularly in outdoors, in which diurnal variations of solar radiation occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaf Krimech
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mark Helamieh
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Wulf
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Krohn
- Universität Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biological Oceanography, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ouafa Cherifi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Martin Kerner
- SSC Strategic Science Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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26
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Lamelas L, Valledor L, López-Hidalgo C, Cañal MJ, Meijón M. Nucleus and chloroplast: A necessary understanding to overcome heat stress in Pinus radiata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:446-458. [PMID: 34855991 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and maintenance of plant homeostasis under stressful environments are complex processes involving organelle crosstalk for a coordinated cellular response. Here, we revealed through nuclear and chloroplast subcellular proteomics, biochemical cell profiles and targeted transcriptomics how chloroplasts and nuclei developed their responses under increased temperatures in a long-lived species (Pinus radiata). Parallel to photosynthetic impairment and reactive oxygen species production in the chloroplast, a DNA damage response was triggered in the nucleus followed by an altered chromatin conformation. In addition, in the nuclei, we found several proteins, such as HEMERA or WHIRLY, which change their locations from the chloroplasts to the nuclei carrying the stress message. Additionally, our data showed a deep rearrangement of RNA metabolism in both organelles, revealing microRNAs and AGO1 as potential regulators of the acclimation mechanisms. Altogether, our study highlights the synchronisation among the different stages required for thermotolerance acquisition in P. radiata, pointing out the role of chromatin conformation and posttranscriptional gene regulation in overcoming heat stress and assuring plant survival for the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lamelas
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Hidalgo
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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27
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Ruban A, Saccon F. Chlorophyll a De-Excitation Pathways in the LHCII antenna. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:070902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0073825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ruban
- SBBS, Queen Mary University of London - Mile End Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London - Mile End Campus, United Kingdom
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28
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Elevating fruit carotenoid content in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh). Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:63-98. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Trinh MDL, Hashimoto A, Kono M, Takaichi S, Nakahira Y, Masuda S. Lack of plastid-encoded Ycf10, a homolog of the nuclear-encoded DLDG1 and the cyanobacterial PxcA, enhances the induction of non-photochemical quenching in tobacco. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e368. [PMID: 34938941 PMCID: PMC8671777 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
pH homeostasis in the chloroplast is crucial for the control of photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plants. Recently, nuclear-encoded Day-Length-dependent Delayed Greening1 (DLDG1) and Fluctuating-Light Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1) that are required for the light-inducible optimization of plastidial pH in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified. DLDG1 and FLAP1 homologs are specifically conserved in oxygenic phototrophs, and a DLDG1 homolog, Ycf10, is encoded in the chloroplast genome in plant cells. However, the function of Ycf10 and its physiological significance are unknown. To address this, we constructed ycf10 tobacco Nicotiana tabacum mutants and characterized their phenotypes. The ycf10 tobacco mutants grown under continuous-light conditions showed a pale-green phenotype only in developing leaves, and it was suppressed in short-day conditions. The ycf10 mutants also induced excessive non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) compared with those in the wild-type at the induction stage of photosynthesis. These phenotypes resemble those of Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants, suggesting that they have similar functions. However, there are distinct differences between the two mutant phenotypes: The highly induced NPQ in tobacco ycf10 and the Arabidopsis dldg1 mutants are diminished and enhanced, respectively, with increasing duration of the fluctuating actinic-light illumination. Ycf10 and DLDG1 were previously shown to localize in chloroplast envelope-membranes, suggesting that Ycf10 and DLDG1 differentially control H+ exchange across these membranes in a light-dependent manner to control photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | | | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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30
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Microalgae Xanthophylls: From Biosynthesis Pathway and Production Techniques to Encapsulation Development. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112835. [PMID: 34829118 PMCID: PMC8623138 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, xanthophylls from microalgae have gained increased scientific and industrial interests. This review highlights the essential issues that concern this class of high value compounds. Firstly, their chemical diversity as the producer microorganisms was detailed. Then, the use of conventional and innovative extraction techniques was discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of the main xanthophylls produced by photosynthetic microorganisms was reviewed in depth, providing new insightful ideas, clarifying the function of these active biomolecules. In addition, the recent advances in encapsulation techniques of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, such as spray and freeze drying, gelation, emulsification and coacervation were updated. Providing information about these topics and their applications and advances could be a help to students and young researchers who are interested in chemical and metabolic engineering, chemistry and natural products communities to approach the complex thematic of xanthophylls.
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31
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Ruban AV, Wilson S. The Mechanism of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Plants: Localization and Driving Forces. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1063-1072. [PMID: 33351147 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) remains one of the most studied topics of the 21st century in photosynthesis research. Over the past 30 years, profound knowledge has been obtained on the molecular mechanism of NPQ in higher plants. First, the largely overlooked significance of NPQ in protecting the reaction center of photosystem II (RCII) against damage, and the ways to assess its effectiveness are highlighted. Then, the key in vivo signals that can monitor the life of the major NPQ component, qE, are presented. Finally, recent knowledge on the site of qE and the possible molecular events that transmit ΔpH into the conformational change in the major LHCII [the major trimeric light harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII)] antenna complex are discussed. Recently, number of reports on Arabidopsis mutants lacking various antenna components of PSII confirmed that the in vivo site of qE rests within the major trimeric LHCII complex. Experiments on biochemistry, spectroscopy, microscopy and molecular modeling suggest an interplay between thylakoid membrane geometry and the dynamics of LHCII, the PsbS (PSII subunit S) protein and thylakoid lipids. The molecular basis for the qE-related conformational change in the thylakoid membrane, including the possible onset of a hydrophobic mismatch between LHCII and lipids, potentiated by PsbS protein, begins to unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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32
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Son M, Moya R, Pinnola A, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen GS. Protein-Protein Interactions Induce pH-Dependent and Zeaxanthin-Independent Photoprotection in the Plant Light-Harvesting Complex, LHCII. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17577-17586. [PMID: 34648708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants use energy from the sun yet also require protection against the generation of deleterious photoproducts from excess energy. Photoprotection in green plants, known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), involves thermal dissipation of energy and is activated by a series of interrelated factors: a pH drop in the lumen, accumulation of the carotenoid zeaxanthin (Zea), and formation of arrays of pigment-containing antenna complexes. However, understanding their individual contributions and their interactions has been challenging, particularly for the antenna arrays, which are difficult to manipulate in vitro. Here, we achieved systematic and discrete control over the array size for the principal antenna complex, light-harvesting complex II, using near-native in vitro membranes called nanodiscs. Each of the factors had a distinct influence on the level of dissipation, which was characterized by measurements of fluorescence quenching and ultrafast chlorophyll-to-carotenoid energy transfer. First, an increase in array size led to a corresponding increase in dissipation; the dramatic changes in the chlorophyll dynamics suggested that this is due to an allosteric conformational change of the protein. Second, a pH drop increased dissipation but exclusively in the presence of protein-protein interactions. Third, no Zea dependence was identified which suggested that Zea regulates a distinct aspect of NPQ. Collectively, these results indicate that each factor provides a separate type of control knob for photoprotection, which likely enables a flexible and tunable response to solar fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Son
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raymundo Moya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Accademia Nazionale di Lincei, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Sandmann G. Diversity and origin of carotenoid biosynthesis: its history of coevolution towards plant photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:479-493. [PMID: 34324713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of photosynthesis was a highlight in the progression of bacteria. In addition to the photosystems with their structural proteins, the photosynthesis apparatus consists of different cofactors including essential carotenoids. Thus, the evolution of the carotenoid pathways in relation to the functionality of the resulting structures in photosynthesis is the focus of this review. Analysis of carotenoid pathway genes indicates early evolutionary roots in prokaryotes. The pathway complexity leading to a multitude of structures is a result of gene acquisition, including their functional modifications, emergence of novel genes and gene exchange between species. Along with the progression of photosynthesis, carotenoid pathways coevolved with photosynthesis according to their advancing functionality. Cyanobacteria, with their oxygenic photosynthesis, became a landmark for evolutionary events including carotenogenesis. Concurrent with endosymbiosis, the cyanobacterial carotenoid pathways were inherited into algal plastids. In the lineage leading to Chlorophyta and plants, carotenoids evolved to their prominent role in protection and regulation of light energy input as constituents of a highly efficient light-harvesting complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sandmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt/M, Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt, D-60438, Germany
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34
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Schüler LM, Bombo G, Duarte P, Santos TF, Maia IB, Pinheiro F, Marques J, Jacinto R, Schulze PSC, Pereira H, Barreira L, Varela JCS. Carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression, pigment and n-3 fatty acid contents in carotenoid-rich Tetraselmis striata CTP4 strains under heat stress combined with high light. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125385. [PMID: 34147770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two carotenoid-rich strains of the euryhaline microalga Tetraselmis striata CTP4 were isolated by random mutagenesis combined with selection via fluorescence activated cell sorting and growth on norflurazon. Both strains, ED5 and B11, showed an up to 1.5-fold increase in carotenoid contents as compared with the wildtype, independent of the growth conditions. More specifically, violaxanthin, β-carotene and lutein contents reached as high as 1.63, 4.20 and 3.81 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Genes coding for phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, lycopene-β-cyclase and ε-ring hydroxylase involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were found to be upregulated in ED5 and B11 cells as compared to the wildtype. Both strains showed higher contents of eicosapentaenoic acid as compared with those of the wildtype, reaching up to 4.41 and 2.88 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of changes in carotenoid biosynthesis regulation that are required to improve pigment contents in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Schüler
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Duarte
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Tamára F Santos
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês B Maia
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinheiro
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Marques
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Jacinto
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João C S Varela
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Anderson CM, Mattoon EM, Zhang N, Becker E, McHargue W, Yang J, Patel D, Dautermann O, McAdam SAM, Tarin T, Pathak S, Avenson TJ, Berry J, Braud M, Niyogi KK, Wilson M, Nusinow DA, Vargas R, Czymmek KJ, Eveland AL, Zhang R. High light and temperature reduce photosynthetic efficiency through different mechanisms in the C 4 model Setaria viridis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1092. [PMID: 34531541 PMCID: PMC8446033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C4 plants frequently experience high light and high temperature conditions in the field, which reduce growth and yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these stress responses in C4 plants have been under-explored, especially the coordination between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. We investigated how the C4 model plant Setaria viridis responded to a four-hour high light or high temperature treatment at photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural levels. Although we observed a comparable reduction of photosynthetic efficiency in high light or high temperature treated leaves, detailed analysis of multi-level responses revealed important differences in key pathways and M/BS specificity responding to high light and high temperature. We provide a systematic analysis of high light and high temperature responses in S. viridis, reveal different acclimation strategies to these two stresses in C4 plants, discover unique light/temperature responses in C4 plants in comparison to C3 plants, and identify potential targets to improve abiotic stress tolerance in C4 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jiani Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunita Pathak
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Avenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxwell Braud
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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36
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The Arabidopsis Accessions Selection Is Crucial: Insight from Photosynthetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189866. [PMID: 34576029 PMCID: PMC8465966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural genetic variation in photosynthesis is strictly associated with the remarkable adaptive plasticity observed amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions derived from environmentally distinct regions. Exploration of the characteristic features of the photosynthetic machinery could reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying those traits. In this study, we performed a detailed characterisation and comparison of photosynthesis performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus in the following selected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions commonly used in laboratories as background lines: Col-0, Col-1, Col-2, Col-8, Ler-0, and Ws-2. The main focus was to distinguish the characteristic disparities for every accession in photosynthetic efficiency that could be accountable for their remarkable plasticity to adapt. The biophysical and biochemical analysis of the thylakoid membranes in control conditions revealed differences in lipid-to-protein contribution, Chlorophyll-to-Carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car), and xanthophyll cycle pigment distribution among accessions. We presented that such changes led to disparities in the arrangement of the Chlorophyll-Protein complexes, the PSI/PSII ratio, and the lateral mobility of the thylakoid membrane, with the most significant aberrations detected in the Ler-0 and Ws-2 accessions. We concluded that selecting an accession suitable for specific research on the photosynthetic process is essential for optimising the experiment.
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Goss R, Schwarz C, Matzner M, Wilhelm C. Influence of the compatible solute sucrose on thylakoid membrane organization and violaxanthin de-epoxidation. PLANTA 2021; 254:52. [PMID: 34392410 PMCID: PMC8364907 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The compatible solute sucrose reduces the efficiency of the enzymatic de-epoxidation of violaxanthin, probably by a direct effect on the protein parts of violaxanthin de-epoxidase which protrude from the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane. The present study investigates the influence of the compatible solute sucrose on the violaxanthin cycle of higher plants in intact thylakoids and in in vitro enzyme assays with the isolated enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase at temperatures of 30 and 10 °C, respectively. In addition, the influence of sucrose on the lipid organization of thylakoid membranes and the MGDG phase in the in vitro assays is determined. The results show that sucrose leads to a pronounced inhibition of violaxanthin de-epoxidation both in intact thylakoid membranes and the enzyme assays. In general, the inhibition is similar at 30 and 10 °C. With respect to the lipid organization only minor changes can be seen in thylakoid membranes at 30 °C in the presence of sucrose. However, sucrose seems to stabilize the thylakoid membranes at lower temperatures and at 10 °C a comparable membrane organization to that at 30 °C can be observed, whereas control thylakoids show a significantly different membrane organization at the lower temperature. The MGDG phase in the in vitro assays is not substantially affected by the presence of sucrose or by changes of the temperature. We conclude that the presence of sucrose and the increased viscosity of the reaction buffers stabilize the protein part of the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase, thereby decreasing the dynamic interactions between the catalytic site and the substrate violaxanthin. This indicates that sucrose interacts with those parts of the enzyme which are accessible at the membrane surface of the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane or the MGDG phase of the in vitro enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Schwarz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Matzner
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Trojak M, Skowron E. Light Quality-Dependent Regulation of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Tomato Plants. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080721. [PMID: 34439953 PMCID: PMC8389287 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Photosynthetic organisms, such as land plants, evolved to utilize available light and to use its energy to assimilate carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrates. However, the light intensity often exceeds the ability of plants to successfully utilize absorbed energy, thus inducing stress, manifested by an increased radical concentration inside plant cells and disruption of the inner structures, and consequently decreased plant yield. Plants solve this problem by using a mechanism termed non-photochemical quenching, by which they can dissipate the energy not used in photosynthesis. Modern agriculture, however, also involves indoor plant farming. For indoor plant farming LED-based lighting systems, with non-saturating light intensities, are suitable based on their restricted energy consumption. However, the composition of applied light should first be optimized to maximize its utilization. Our study examined the influence of monochromatic LEDs (red, green, and blue) on the photoprotective and photosynthetic properties of tomato plants. We indicate that monochromatic green light could be considered an important component of lighting systems to alleviate energy dissipation, while blue light enhances photosynthetic efficiency. Our study not only proves the crucial importance of spectrum optimization but also provides evidence that different light wavelengths modify photosynthetic and photoprotective properties. Abstract Photosynthetic pigments of plants capture light as a source of energy for photosynthesis. However, the amount of energy absorbed often exceeds its utilization, thus causing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plants possess several mechanisms to minimize such risks, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which allows them to dissipate excess excitation energy in the form of harmless heat. However, under non-stressful conditions in indoor farming, it would be favorable to restrict the NPQ activity and increase plant photosynthetic performance by optimizing the light spectrum. Towards this goal, we investigated the dynamics of NPQ, photosynthetic properties, and antioxidant activity in the leaves of tomato plants grown under different light qualities: monochromatic red (R), green (G), or blue (B) light (L) at 80 µmol m−2 s−1 and R:G:B = 1:1:1 (referred to as the white light (WL)) at 120 µmol m−2 s−1. The results confirm that monochromatic BL increased the quantum efficiency of PSII and photosynthetic pigments accumulation. The RL and BL treatments enhanced the NPQ amplitude and showed negative effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, plants grown solely under GL or WL presented a lower amplitude of NPQ due to the reduced accumulation of NPQ-related proteins, photosystem II (PSII) subunit S (PsbS), PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION-LIKE1 (PGRL1), cytochrome b6f subunit f (cytf) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE). Additionally, we noticed that plants grown under GL or RL presented an increased rate of lipid peroxidation. Overall, our results indicate the potential role of GL in lowering the NPQ amplitude, while the role of BL in the RGB spectrum is to ensure photosynthetic performance and photoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Trojak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-41-3496337
| | - Ernest Skowron
- Department of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
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Welc R, Luchowski R, Kluczyk D, Zubik-Duda M, Grudzinski W, Maksim M, Reszczynska E, Sowinski K, Mazur R, Nosalewicz A, Gruszecki WI. Mechanisms shaping the synergism of zeaxanthin and PsbS in photoprotective energy dissipation in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:418-433. [PMID: 33914375 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Safe operation of photosynthesis is vital to plants and is ensured by the activity of processes protecting chloroplasts against photo-damage. The harmless dissipation of excess excitation energy is considered to be the primary photoprotective mechanism and is most effective in the combined presence of PsbS protein and zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll accumulated in strong light as a result of the xanthophyll cycle. Here we address the problem of specific molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of zeaxanthin and PsbS. The experiments were conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana, using wild-type plants, mutants lacking PsbS (npq4), and mutants affected in the xanthophyll cycle (npq1), with the application of molecular spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The results lead to the conclusion that PsbS interferes with the formation of densely packed aggregates of thylakoid membrane proteins, thus allowing easy exchange and incorporation of xanthophyll cycle pigments into such structures. It was found that xanthophylls trapped within supramolecular structures, most likely in the interfacial protein region, determine their photophysical properties. The structures formed in the presence of violaxanthin are characterized by minimized dissipation of excitation energy. In contrast, the structures formed in the presence of zeaxanthin show enhanced excitation quenching, thus protecting the system against photo-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kluczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik-Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maksim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Emilia Reszczynska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
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40
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Hayes S, Schachtschabel J, Mishkind M, Munnik T, Arisz SA. Hot topic: Thermosensing in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2018-2033. [PMID: 33314270 PMCID: PMC8358962 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants alter their morphology and cellular homeostasis to promote resilience under a variety of heat regimes. Molecular processes that underlie these responses have been intensively studied and found to encompass diverse mechanisms operating across a broad range of cellular components, timescales and temperatures. This review explores recent progress throughout this landscape with a particular focus on thermosensing in the model plant Arabidopsis. Direct temperature sensors include the photosensors phytochrome B and phototropin, the clock component ELF3 and an RNA switch. In addition, there are heat-regulated processes mediated by ion channels, lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes, taking place at the plasma membrane and the chloroplast. In some cases, the mechanism of temperature perception is well understood but in others, this remains an open question. Potential novel thermosensing mechanisms are based on lipid and liquid-liquid phase separation. Finally, future research directions of high temperature perception and signalling pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle Schachtschabel
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Mishkind
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- IOSNational Science FoundationAlexandriaVirginiaUSA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Steven A. Arisz
- Research Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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41
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Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:47-76. [PMID: 34143647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This variability means that light collected by the light-harvesting system is often in excess with respect to photon fluence or spectral quality in the context of the capacity of photosynthetic metabolism to use ATP and reductants produced from the light reactions. Absorption of excess light can lead to increased production of excited, highly reactive intermediates, which expose photosynthetic organisms to serious risks of oxidative damage. Prevention and management of such stress are performed by photoprotective mechanisms, which operate by cutting down light absorption, limiting the generation of redox-active molecules, or scavenging reactive oxygen species that are released despite the operation of preventive mechanisms. Here, we describe the major physiological and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection involved in the harmless removal of the excess light energy absorbed by green algae and land plants. In vivo analyses of mutants targeting photosynthetic components and the enhanced resolution of spectroscopic techniques have highlighted specific mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from overexcitation. Recent findings unveil a network of multiple interacting elements, the reaction times of which vary from a millisecond to weeks, that continuously maintain photosynthetic organisms within the narrow safety range between efficient light harvesting and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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42
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Zhao W, Zhang QS, Tan Y, Liu Z, Ma MY, Wang MX, Luo CY. An underlying mechanism of qE deficiency in marine angiosperm Zostera marina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:87-99. [PMID: 33934290 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence is one of the most important protective mechanisms enabling the survival of phototropic organisms under high-light conditions. A low-efficiency NPQ, characterized by weak NPQ induction capacity and a low level of protective NPQ, was observed in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina, which inhabits the shallow water regions. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence and Western blot analysis verified that the fast-inducted component of NPQ, i.e., the energy-dependent quenching (qE), was not present in this species. In contrast with the lack of PSII antenna quenching sites for qE induction in brown algae and the lack of functional XC in Ulvophyceae belonging to green algae, all the antenna proteins and the functional XC are present in Z. marina. A novel underlying mechanism was observed that the limited construction of the trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) caused by photoinactivation of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) did not induce protonation of PsbS, thus explaining the inability to form quenching sites for qE induction. Although the ΔpH established under light exposure activated violaxanthin (V) de-epoxidase enzyme to catalyze conversion of V via antheraxanthin (A) and then to zeaxanthin (Z), the quenching capacity of de-epoxidized pigment was weak in Z. marina. We suggest that the low-efficiency NPQ was conducive to efficiently utilize the limited electrons to perform photosynthesis, resisting the adverse effect of OEC photoinactivation on the photosynthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sheng Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Tan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu Ma
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ying Luo
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
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43
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Ekwealor JTB, Clark TA, Dautermann O, Russell A, Ebrahimi S, Stark LR, Niyogi KK, Mishler BD. Natural ultraviolet radiation exposure alters photosynthetic biology and improves recovery from desiccation in a desert moss. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4161-4179. [PMID: 33595636 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants in dryland ecosystems experience extreme daily and seasonal fluctuations in light, temperature, and water availability. We used an in situ field experiment to uncover the effects of natural and reduced levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on maximum PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), relative abundance of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants, and the transcriptome in the desiccation-tolerant desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) S. caninervis plants undergo sustained thermal quenching of light [non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)] while desiccated and after rehydration; (ii) a reduction of UV will result in improved recovery of Fv/Fm; but (iii) 1 year of UV removal will de-harden plants and increase vulnerability to UV damage, indicated by a reduction in Fv/Fm. All field-collected plants had extremely low Fv/Fm after initial rehydration but recovered over 8 d in lab-simulated winter conditions. UV-filtered plants had lower Fv/Fm during recovery, higher concentrations of photoprotective pigments and antioxidants such as zeaxanthin and tocopherols, and lower concentrations of neoxanthin and Chl b than plants exposed to near natural UV levels. Field-grown S. caninervis underwent sustained NPQ that took days to relax and for efficient photosynthesis to resume. Reduction of solar UV radiation adversely affected recovery of Fv/Fm following rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna T B Ekwealor
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Theresa A Clark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Sotodeh Ebrahimi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Lloyd R Stark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brent D Mishler
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Lihavainen J, Edlund E, Björkén L, Bag P, Robinson KM, Jansson S. Stem girdling affects the onset of autumn senescence in aspen in interaction with metabolic signals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:201-217. [PMID: 33368469 PMCID: PMC8248097 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Autumn senescence in aspen (Populus tremula) is precisely timed every year to relocate nutrients from leaves to storage organs before winter. Here we demonstrate how stem girdling, which leads to the accumulation of photosynthates in the crown, influences senescence. Girdling resulted in an early onset of senescence, but the chlorophyll degradation was slower and nitrogen more efficiently resorbed than during normal autumn senescence. Girdled stems accumulated or retained anthocyanins potentially providing photoprotection in senescing leaves. Girdling of one stem in a clonal stand sharing the same root stock did not affect senescence in the others, showing that the stems were autonomous in this respect. One girdled stem with unusually high chlorophyll and nitrogen contents maintained low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and did not show early senescence or depleted chlorophyll level unlike the other girdled stems suggesting that the responses depended on the genotype or its carbon and nitrogen status. Metabolite analysis highlighted that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, salicylic acid pathway, and redox homeostasis are involved in the regulation of girdling-induced senescence. We propose that disrupted sink-source relation and C/N status can provide cues through the TCA cycle and phytohormone signaling to override the phenological control of autumn senescence in the girdled stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Erik Edlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Lars Björkén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Kathryn M. Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Fernández-Marín B, Roach T, Verhoeven A, García-Plazaola JI. Shedding light on the dark side of xanthophyll cycles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1336-1344. [PMID: 33452715 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycles are broadly important in photoprotection, and the reversible de-epoxidation of xanthophylls typically occurs in excess light conditions. However, as presented in this review, compiling evidence in a wide range of photosynthetic eukaryotes shows that xanthophyll de-epoxidation also occurs under diverse abiotic stress conditions in darkness. Light-driven photochemistry usually leads to the pH changes that activate de-epoxidases (e.g. violaxanthin de-epoxidase), but in darkness alternative electron transport pathways and luminal domains enriched in monogalactosyl diacyl glycerol (which enhance de-epoxidase activity) likely enable de-epoxidation. Another 'dark side' to sustaining xanthophyll de-epoxidation is inactivation and/or degradation of epoxidases (e.g. zeaxanthin epoxidase). There are obvious benefits of such activity regarding stress tolerance, and indeed this phenomenon has only been reported in stressful conditions. However, more research is required to unravel the mechanisms and understand the physiological roles of dark-induced formation of zeaxanthin. Notably, the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in darkness is still a frequently ignored process, perhaps because it questions a previous paradigm. With that in mind, this review seeks to shed some light on the dark side of xanthophyll de-epoxidation, and point out areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, 38200, Spain
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Amy Verhoeven
- Department of Biology, University of St Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
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Alrifai O, Hao X, Liu R, Lu Z, Marcone MF, Tsao R. LED-Induced Carotenoid Synthesis and Related Gene Expression in Brassica Microgreens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4674-4685. [PMID: 33861063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, various ratios of combined red, blue, and amber light-emitting diodes (rbaLEDs) were investigated for their effect on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in eight Brassica microgreens. Total and individual (β-carotene, lutein, α-carotene, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin) carotenoids were increased 20-44 and 10-55%, respectively, under dose-dependent increasing amber-blue light and decreasing red in most microgreens. Lipophilic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant activities were significantly increased under higher amber and blue light fractions, while oxygen radical absorbance capacity was generally decreased. Under rbaLED in mizuna (B. rapa) microgreens, the lycopene epsilon cyclase (LYCε) expression was 10-15-fold higher, which resulted in downstream accumulation of α-carotene and lutein. Lycopene beta cyclase (LYCβ) was not significantly changed, suggesting that β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin were mainly controlled by upstream phytoene synthase and branch-point LYCε. Increased beta-ring carotenoid hydroxylase (CHXβ) expression was also consistent with lutein accumulation. This study demonstrated for the first time that amber LED was involved in the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis, thus a potential novel approach to production of antioxidant-rich microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday Alrifai
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiuming Hao
- Harrow Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Zhanhui Lu
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Massimo F Marcone
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
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Park SB, Yun JH, Ryu AJ, Yun J, Kim JW, Lee S, Choi S, Cho DH, Choi DY, Lee YJ, Kim HS. Development of a novel nannochloropsis strain with enhanced violaxanthin yield for large-scale production. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:43. [PMID: 33588824 PMCID: PMC7885382 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nannochloropsis is a marine microalga that has been extensively studied. The major carotenoid produced by this group of microalgae is violaxanthin, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging, and antiproliferative activities. Therefore, it has a wide range of potential applications. However, large-scale production of this pigment has not been much studied, thereby limiting its industrial application. RESULTS To develop a novel strain producing high amount of violaxanthin, various Nannochloropsis species were isolated from seawater samples and their violaxanthin production potential were compared. Of the strains tested, N. oceanica WS-1 exhibited the highest violaxanthin productivity; to further enhance the violaxanthin yield of WS-1, we performed gamma-ray-mediated random mutagenesis followed by colorimetric screening. As a result, Mutant M1 was selected because of its significant higher violaxanthin content and biomass productivity than WS-1 (5.21 ± 0.33 mg g- 1 and 0.2101 g L- 1 d- 1, respectively). Subsequently, we employed a 10 L-scale bioreactor to confirm the large-scale production potential of M1, and the results indicated a 43.54 % increase in violaxanthin production compared with WS-1. In addition, comparative transcriptomic analysis performed under normal light condition identified possible mechanisms associated with remediating photo-inhibitory damage and other key responses in M1, which seemed to at least partially explain enhanced violaxanthin content and delayed growth. CONCLUSIONS Nannochloropsis oceanica mutant (M1) with enhanced violaxanthin content was developed and its physiological characteristics were investigated. In addition, enhanced production of violaxanthin was demonstrated in the large-scale cultivation. Key transcriptomic responses that are seemingly associated with different physiological responses of M1 were elucidated under normal light condition, the details of which would guide ongoing efforts to further maximize the industrial potential of violaxanthin producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Park
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Major of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Jin Ryu
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Major of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Major of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saehae Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Major of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Major of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Commault AS, Kuzhiumparambil U, Herdean A, Fabris M, Jaramillo-Madrid AC, Abbriano RM, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Individually Boost Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii UVM4. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 33562714 PMCID: PMC7915139 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercialisation of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. Endeavours to produce these compounds at industrial scale using microbial systems are gaining attention. Here, we report on a strategy to enrich the biomass of the biotechnologically-relevant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain UVM4 with valuable triterpenes, such as squalene and (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene. C. reinhardtii UVM4 was subjected to the elicitor compounds methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl-β-cyclodextrine (MβCD) to increase triterpene yields. MeJA treatment triggered oxidative stress, arrested growth, and altered the photosynthetic activity of the cells, while increasing squalene, (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and cycloartenol contents. Applying MβCD to cultures of C. reinhardtii lead to the sequestration of the two main sterols (ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol) into the growth medium and the intracellular accumulation of the intermediate cycloartenol, without compromising cell growth. When MβCD was applied in combination with MeJA, it counteracted the negative effects of MeJA on cell growth and physiology, but no synergistic effect on triterpene yield was observed. Together, our findings provide strategies for the triterpene enrichment of microalgal biomass and medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
- Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Jaramillo-Madrid
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
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Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:598173. [PMID: 33912200 PMCID: PMC8072462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.598173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Yujie Wang,
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijin Zhang,
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Jamali Jaghdani S, Jahns P, Tränkner M. Mg deficiency induces photo-oxidative stress primarily by limiting CO 2 assimilation and not by limiting photosynthetic light utilization. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110751. [PMID: 33287999 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic processes within chloroplasts require substantial amounts of magnesium (Mg). It is suggested that the minimum Mg concentration for yield and dry matter (DM) formation is 1.5 mg g-1 DM. Yet, it was never clarified whether this amount is required for photosynthetic processes as well. The aim of this study was to determine how varying Mg concentrations affect the photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotective responses. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown under four different Mg supplies (1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.015 mM Mg) for 21 days to investigate the photosynthetic and photoprotective responses to Mg deficiency. Leaf Mg concentrations, CO2 assimilation, photosystem II efficiency, electron transport rate, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, and the pigment composition were analyzed. Our data indicate that CO2 assimilation is more sensitive to the reduction of tissue Mg concentrations than photosynthetic light reactions. Moreover, supply with the two lowest Mg concentrations induced photo-oxidative stress, as could be derived from increased expression of ROS scavengers and an increased pool size of the xanthophyll cycle pigments. We hypothesize, that the reduction of CO2 assimilation is a critical determinant for the increase of photo-oxidative stress under Mg deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Jamali Jaghdani
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Jahns
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, D-40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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