1
|
Chalenko E, Lysenko V, Kosolapov A, Usova E, Dmitriev P, Yadronova O, Varduny T, Tarik E, Ignatova M, Aslanyan V, Kirichenko E. Light green leaf sectors of variegated Dracaena fragrans plants show similar rates of oxygenic photosynthesis tо that of normal, dark green leaf sectors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109040. [PMID: 39142012 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation and functional significance of chlorophyll deficit in the light green leaf sectors of variegated plants are little known. Efficiency of photosystem II for dark and light adapted states (Fv/Fm and ΔF/Fm') and fluorescence decrease rates (Rfd) of light green leaf sectors of Dracaena fragrans L. were studied by methods of PAM-fluorometry and video registration. In addition, white light reflectance and transmittance of these leaf sectors were measured using an integrating sphere. Absorption was calculated from reflectance and transmittance. Net CO2 assimilation rates (PN) were measured using a flow chamber and photolytic O2 evolution rates (PAYO2) were studied by a novel method of Fourier photoacoustics which is insensitive to respiration, photorespiration and other processes of O2 uptake. All the photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, ΔF/Fm', PN and PAYO2) were found to be very close between light green and normal green leaf sectors, whereas chlorophyll content and light absorption were 7.5-fold and 1.47-fold different respectively. Contradiction between low chlorophyll absorption and high (as in normal green sectors) rate of oxygenic photosynthesis in light-green sectors was proposed to be a consequence of different contribution of cyclic electron transport around PSII (CET-PSII) and/or around PSI (CET-PSI) in the total photosynthesis occurring in these sectors. Particularly, it cannot be excluded, that some part of CET activity occurring in normal green leaf sectors may be lost in the light green sectors retaining the same linear (non-cyclic) electron transport (LET) activity as in normal green sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Chalenko
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lysenko
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia.
| | - Aleksey Kosolapov
- Russian Research Institute for the Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources, Rostov-on-Don, 344037, Russia
| | - Elena Usova
- Russian Research Institute for the Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources, Rostov-on-Don, 344037, Russia
| | - Pavel Dmitriev
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Olga Yadronova
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Tatyana Varduny
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Tarik
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Maria Ignatova
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Veronica Aslanyan
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Kirichenko
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, 344049, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiao M, Hong C, Jiao Y, Hou S, Gao H. Impacts of Drought on Photosynthesis in Major Food Crops and the Related Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1808. [PMID: 38999648 PMCID: PMC11243883 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most critical threats to crop productivity and global food security. This review addresses the multiple effects of drought on the process of photosynthesis in major food crops. Affecting both light-dependent and light-independent reactions, drought leads to severe damage to photosystems and blocks the electron transport chain. Plants face a CO2 shortage provoked by stomatal closure, which triggers photorespiration; not only does it reduce carbon fixation efficiency, but it also causes lower overall photosynthetic output. Drought-induced oxidative stress generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular structures, including chloroplasts, further impairing photosynthetic productivity. Plants have evolved a variety of adaptive strategies to alleviate these effects. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms help dissipate excess light energy as heat, protecting the photosynthetic apparatus under drought conditions. Alternative electron pathways, such as cyclical electron transmission and chloroplast respiration, maintain energy balance and prevent over-reduction of the electron transport chain. Hormones, especially abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and cytokinin, modulate stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and osmotic adjustment, further increasing the tolerance to drought. Structural adjustments, such as leaf reordering and altered root architecture, also strengthen tolerance. Understanding these complex interactions and adaptive strategies is essential for developing drought-resistant crop varieties and ensuring agricultural sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Escobar-Bravo R, Schimmel BCJ, Zhang Y, Wang L, Robert CAM, Glauser G, Ballaré CL, Erb M. Far-red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighbouring plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38872585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants perceive the presence and defence status of their neighbours through light and volatile cues, but how plants integrate both stimuli is poorly understood. We investigated if and how low Red to Far red light (R:FR) ratios, indicative of shading or canopy closure, affect maize (Zea mays) responses to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. We modulated light signalling and perception by using FR supplementation and a phyB1phyB2 mutant, and we determined volatile release as a response readout. To gain mechanistic insights, we examined expression of volatile biosynthesis genes, hormone accumulation, and photosynthesis. Exposure to a full blend of HIPVs or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate induced maize volatile release. Short-term FR supplementation increased this response. In contrast, prolonged FR supplementation or constitutive phytochrome B inactivation in phyB1phyB2 plants showed the opposite response. Short-term FR supplementation enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate-induced JA-Ile levels. We conclude that a FR-enriched light environment can prompt maize plants to respond more strongly to HIPVs emitted by neighbours, which might be explained by changes in photosynthetic processes and phytochrome B signalling. Our findings reveal interactive responses to light and volatile cues with potentially important consequences for plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaqin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- 2IIBio, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu Y, Matsubara S, Nedbal L, Lazár D. Dynamics and interplay of photosynthetic regulatory processes depend on the amplitudes of oscillating light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2240-2257. [PMID: 38482712 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved multiple regulatory mechanisms to cope with natural light fluctuations. The interplay between these mechanisms leads presumably to the resilience of plants in diverse light patterns. We investigated the energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching (qE) and cyclic electron transports (CET) in light that oscillated with a 60-s period with three different amplitudes. The photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) function-related quantum yields and redox changes of plastocyanin and ferredoxin were measured in Arabidopsis thaliana wild types and mutants with partial defects in qE or CET. The decrease in quantum yield of qE due to the lack of either PsbS- or violaxanthin de-epoxidase was compensated by an increase in the quantum yield of the constitutive nonphotochemical quenching. The mutant lacking NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-like-dependent CET had a transient significant PSI acceptor side limitation during the light rising phase under high amplitude of light oscillations. The mutant lacking PGR5/PGRL1-CET restricted electron flows and failed to induce effective photosynthesis control, regardless of oscillation amplitudes. This suggests that PGR5/PGRL1-CET is important for the regulation of PSI function in various amplitudes of light oscillation, while NDH-like-CET acts' as a safety valve under fluctuating light with high amplitude. The results also bespeak interplays among multiple photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Niu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riaz A, Thomas J, Ali HH, Zaheer MS, Ahmad N, Pereira A. High night temperature stress on rice ( Oryza sativa) - insights from phenomics to physiology. A review. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24057. [PMID: 38815128 DOI: 10.1071/fp24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa ) faces challenges to yield and quality due to urbanisation, deforestation and climate change, which has exacerbated high night temperature (HNT). This review explores the impacts of HNT on the physiological, molecular and agronomic aspects of rice growth. Rise in minimum temperature threatens a potential 41% reduction in rice yield by 2100. HNT disrupts rice growth stages, causing reduced seed germination, biomass, spikelet sterility and poor grain development. Recent findings indicate a 4.4% yield decline for every 1°C increase beyond 27°C, with japonica ecotypes exhibiting higher sensitivity than indica. We examine the relationships between elevated CO2 , nitrogen regimes and HNT, showing that the complexity of balancing positive CO2 effects on biomass with HNT challenges. Nitrogen enrichment proves crucial during the vegetative stage but causes disruption to reproductive stages, affecting grain yield and starch synthesis. Additionally, we elucidate the impact of HNT on plant respiration, emphasising mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration and antioxidant responses. Genomic techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9, offer potential for manipulating genes for HNT tolerance. Plant hormones and carbohydrate enzymatic activities are explored, revealing their intricate roles in spikelet fertility, grain size and starch metabolism under HNT. Gaps in understanding genetic factors influencing heat tolerance and potential trade-offs associated with hormone applications remain. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to provide a holistic approach. Research priorities include the study of regulatory mechanisms, post-anthesis effects, cumulative HNT exposure and the interaction between climate variability and HNT impact to provide a research direction to enhance rice resilience in a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Riaz
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Julie Thomas
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; and Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; and Department of Plant Sciences, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, USA
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laihonen L, Rantala M, Ranasinghe U, Tyystjärvi E, Mulo P. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of distinct Arabidopsis organs reveal high PSI-NDH complex accumulation in stems. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14227. [PMID: 38410876 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In addition to leaves, the main site of photosynthetic reactions, active photosynthesis also takes place in stems, siliques and tree trunks. Although non-foliar photosynthesis has a marked effect on plant growth and yield, only limited information on the expression patterns of photosynthesis-related genes and the structure of photosynthetic machinery in different plant organs has been available. Here, we report the results of transcriptomic analysis of various organs of Arabidopsis thaliana and compare the gene expression profiles of young and mature leaves with a special focus on photosynthetic genes. Further, we analyzed the composition and organization of the photosynthetic electron transfer machinery in leaves, stems and green siliques at the protein level using BN-PAGE. RNA-Seq analysis revealed unique gene expression profiles in different plant organs and showed major differences in the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in young as compared to mature rosettes. Gel-based proteomic analysis of the thylakoid protein complex organization further showed that all studied plant organs contain the necessary components of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Intriguingly, stems accumulate high amounts of PSI-NDH complex, which has previously been implicated in cyclic electron transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laihonen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Umanga Ranasinghe
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula Mulo
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garty Y, Bussi Y, Levin-Zaidman S, Shimoni E, Kirchhoff H, Charuvi D, Nevo R, Reich Z. Thylakoid membrane stacking controls electron transport mode during the dark-to-light transition by adjusting the distances between PSI and PSII. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:512-524. [PMID: 38396112 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The balance between linear electron transport (LET) and cyclic electron transport (CET) plays an essential role in plant adaptation and protection against photo-induced damage. This balance is largely maintained by phosphorylation-driven alterations in the PSII-LHCII assembly and thylakoid membrane stacking. During the dark-to-light transition, plants shift this balance from CET, which prevails to prevent overreduction of the electron transport chain and consequent photo-induced damage, towards LET, which enables efficient CO2 assimilation and biomass production. Using freeze-fracture cryo-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of Arabidopsis leaves, we reveal unique membrane regions possessing characteristics of both stacked and unstacked regions of the thylakoid network that form during this transition. A notable consequence of the morphological attributes of these regions, which we refer to as 'stacked thylakoid doublets', is an overall increase in the proximity and connectivity of the two photosystems (PSI and PSII) that drive LET. This, in turn, reduces diffusion distances and barriers for the mobile carriers that transfer electrons between the two PSs, thereby maximizing LET and optimizing the plant's ability to utilize light energy. The mechanics described here for the shift between CET and LET during the dark-to-light transition are probably also used during chromatic adaptation mediated by state transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Garty
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Bussi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang N, Venn B, Bailey CE, Xia M, Mattoon EM, Mühlhaus T, Zhang R. Moderate high temperature is beneficial or detrimental depending on carbon availability in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:979-1003. [PMID: 37877811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures impair plant growth and reduce agricultural yields, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model to study heat responses in photosynthetic cells due to its fast growth rate, many similarities in cellular processes to land plants, simple and sequenced genome, and ample genetic and genomics resources. Chlamydomonas grows in light by photosynthesis and with externally supplied acetate as an organic carbon source. Understanding how organic carbon sources affect heat responses is important for the algal industry but remains understudied. We cultivated wild-type Chlamydomonas under highly controlled conditions in photobioreactors at 25 °C (control), 35 °C (moderate high temperature), or 40 °C (acute high temperature) with or without constant acetate supply for 1 or 4 day. Treatment at 35 °C increased algal growth with constant acetate supply but reduced algal growth without sufficient acetate. The overlooked and dynamic effects of 35 °C could be explained by induced acetate uptake and metabolism. Heat treatment at 40 °C for more than 2 day was lethal to algal cultures with or without constant acetate supply. Our findings provide insights to understand algal heat responses and help improve thermotolerance in photosynthetic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Benedikt Venn
- Computational Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Ming Xia
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Q, Tian S, Chen G, Tang Q, Zhang Y, Fleming AJ, Zhu XG, Wang P. Regulatory NADH dehydrogenase-like complex optimizes C 4 photosynthetic carbon flow and cellular redox in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:82-101. [PMID: 37872738 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
C4 plants typically operate a CO2 concentration mechanism from mesophyll (M) cells into bundle sheath (BS) cells. NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex is enriched in the BS cells of many NADP-malic enzyme (ME) type C4 plants and is more abundant in C4 than in C3 plants, but to what extent it is involved in the CO2 concentration mechanism remains to be experimentally investigated. We created maize and rice mutants deficient in NDH function and then used a combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches for comparative analysis. Considerable decreases in growth, photosynthetic activities, and levels of key photosynthetic proteins were observed in maize but not rice mutants. However, transcript abundance for many cyclic electron transport (CET) and Calvin-Benson cycle components, as well as BS-specific C4 enzymes, was increased in maize mutants. Metabolite analysis of the maize ndh mutants revealed an increased NADPH : NADP ratio, as well as malate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), and photorespiration intermediates. We suggest that by optimizing NADPH and malate levels and adjusting NADP-ME activity, NDH functions to balance metabolic and redox states in the BS cells of maize (in addition to ATP supply), coordinating photosynthetic transcript abundance and protein content, thus directly regulating the carbon flow in the two-celled C4 system of maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Andrew J Fleming
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fukuda Y, Ishiyama C, Kawai-Yamada M, Hashida SN. Adjustment of light-responsive NADP dynamics in chloroplasts by stromal pH. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7148. [PMID: 37932304 PMCID: PMC10628217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic electron transfer (CET) predominates when NADP+ is at basal levels, early in photosynthetic induction; however, the mechanism underlying the subsequent supply of NADP+ to fully drive steady-state linear electron transfer remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether CET is involved in de novo NADP+ supply in Arabidopsis thaliana and measured chloroplastic NADP dynamics to evaluate responsiveness to variable light, photochemical inhibitors, darkness, and CET activity. The sum of oxidized and reduced forms shows that levels of NADP and NAD increase and decrease, respectively, in response to light; levels of NADP and NAD decrease and increase in the dark, respectively. Moreover, consistent with the pH change in the stroma, the pH preference of chloroplast NAD+ phosphorylation and NADP+ dephosphorylation is alkaline and weakly acidic, respectively. Furthermore, CET is correlated with upregulation of light-responsive NADP level increases and downregulation of dark-responsive NADP level reductions. These findings are consistent with CET helping to regulate NADP pool size via stromal pH regulation under fluctuating light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukuda
- Civil Engineering Research & Environmental Studies (CERES), Inc., 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Chinami Ishiyama
- Civil Engineering Research & Environmental Studies (CERES), Inc., 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Hashida
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Runda ME, de Kok NAW, Schmidt S. Rieske Oxygenases and Other Ferredoxin-Dependent Enzymes: Electron Transfer Principles and Catalytic Capabilities. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300078. [PMID: 36964978 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that depend on sophisticated electron transfer via ferredoxins (Fds) exhibit outstanding catalytic capabilities, but despite decades of research, many of them are still not well understood or exploited for synthetic applications. This review aims to provide a general overview of the most important Fd-dependent enzymes and the electron transfer processes involved. While several examples are discussed, we focus in particular on the family of Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases (ROs). In addition to illustrating their electron transfer principles and catalytic potential, the current state of knowledge on structure-function relationships and the mode of interaction between the redox partner proteins is reviewed. Moreover, we highlight several key catalyzed transformations, but also take a deeper dive into their engineerability for biocatalytic applications. The overall findings from these case studies highlight the catalytic capabilities of these biocatalysts and could stimulate future interest in developing additional Fd-dependent enzyme classes for synthetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Runda
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ermakova M, Woodford R, Taylor Z, Furbank RT, Belide S, von Caemmerer S. Faster induction of photosynthesis increases biomass and grain yield in glasshouse-grown transgenic Sorghum bicolor overexpressing Rieske FeS. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1206-1216. [PMID: 36789455 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is one of the most important crops providing food and feed in many of the world's harsher environments. Sorghum utilizes the C4 pathway of photosynthesis in which a biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism results in high CO2 assimilation rates. Overexpressing the Rieske FeS subunit of the Cytochrome b6 f complex was previously shown to increase the rate of photosynthetic electron transport and stimulate CO2 assimilation in the model C4 plant Setaria viridis. To test whether productivity of C4 crops could be improved by Rieske overexpression, we created transgenic Sorghum bicolor Tx430 plants with increased Rieske content. The transgenic plants showed no marked changes in abundances of other photosynthetic proteins or chlorophyll content. The steady-state rates of electron transport and CO2 assimilation did not differ between the plants with increased Rieske abundance and control plants, suggesting that Cytochrome b6 f is not the only factor limiting electron transport in sorghum at high light and high CO2 . However, faster responses of non-photochemical quenching as well as an elevated quantum yield of Photosystem II and an increased CO2 assimilation rate were observed from the plants overexpressing Rieske during the photosynthetic induction, a process of activation of photosynthesis upon the dark-light transition. As a consequence, sorghum with increased Rieske content produced more biomass and grain when grown in glasshouse conditions. Our results indicate that increasing Rieske content has potential to boost productivity of sorghum and other C4 crops by improving the efficiency of light utilization and conversion to biomass through the faster induction of photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermakova
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Russell Woodford
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Zachary Taylor
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Degen GE, Jackson PJ, Proctor MS, Zoulias N, Casson SA, Johnson MP. High cyclic electron transfer via the PGR5 pathway in the absence of photosynthetic control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:370-386. [PMID: 36774530 PMCID: PMC10152662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis couple electron and proton transfers across the thylakoid membrane, generating NADPH, and proton motive force (pmf) that powers the endergonic synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase. ATP and NADPH are required for CO2 fixation into carbohydrates by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. The dominant ΔpH component of the pmf also plays a photoprotective role in regulating photosystem II light harvesting efficiency through nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and photosynthetic control via electron transfer from cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) to photosystem I. ΔpH can be adjusted by increasing the proton influx into the thylakoid lumen via upregulation of cyclic electron transfer (CET) or decreasing proton efflux via downregulation of ATP synthase conductivity (gH+). The interplay and relative contributions of these two elements of ΔpH control to photoprotection are not well understood. Here, we showed that an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ATP synthase mutant hunger for oxygen in photosynthetic transfer reaction 2 (hope2) with 40% higher proton efflux has supercharged CET. Double crosses of hope2 with the CET-deficient proton gradient regulation 5 and ndh-like photosynthetic complex I lines revealed that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5)-dependent CET is the major pathway contributing to higher proton influx. PGR5-dependent CET allowed hope2 to maintain wild-type levels of ΔpH, CO2 fixation and NPQ, however photosynthetic control remained absent and PSI was prone to photoinhibition. Therefore, high CET in the absence of ATP synthase regulation is insufficient for PSI photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf E Degen
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4NL, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nicholas Zoulias
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart A Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gu L, Grodzinski B, Han J, Marie T, Zhang YJ, Song YC, Sun Y. An exploratory steady-state redox model of photosynthetic linear electron transport for use in complete modelling of photosynthesis for broad applications. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1540-1561. [PMID: 36760139 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A photochemical model of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) is needed to integrate photophysics, photochemistry, and biochemistry to determine redox conditions of electron carriers and enzymes for plant stress assessment and mechanistically link sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to carbon assimilation for remotely sensing photosynthesis. Towards this goal, we derived photochemical equations governing the states and redox reactions of complexes and electron carriers along the PET chain. These equations allow the redox conditions of the mobile plastoquinone pool and the cytochrome b6 f complex (Cyt) to be inferred with typical fluorometry. The equations agreed well with fluorometry measurements from diverse C3 /C4 species across environments in the relationship between the PET rate and fraction of open photosystem II reaction centres. We found the oxidation of plastoquinol by Cyt is the bottleneck of PET, and genetically improving the oxidation of plastoquinol by Cyt may enhance the efficiency of PET and photosynthesis across species. Redox reactions and photochemical and biochemical interactions are highly redundant in their complex controls of PET. Although individual reaction rate constants cannot be resolved, they appear in parameter groups which can be collectively inferred with fluorometry measurements for broad applications. The new photochemical model developed enables advances in different fronts of photosynthesis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bernard Grodzinski
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimei Han
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Telesphore Marie
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Yang C Song
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nisler J, Kučerová Z, Koprna R, Sobotka R, Slivková J, Rossall S, Špundová M, Husičková A, Pilný J, Tarkowská D, Novák O, Škrabišová M, Strnad M. Urea derivative MTU improves stress tolerance and yield in wheat by promoting cyclic electron flow around PSI. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131326. [PMID: 36959950 PMCID: PMC10028069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop productivity under optimal conditions and mitigating yield losses under stressful conditions is a major challenge in contemporary agriculture. We have recently identified an effective anti-senescence compound (MTU, [1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5yl)urea]) in in vitro studies. Here, we show that MTU delayed both age- and stress-induced senescence of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) by enhancing the abundance of PSI supercomplex with LHCa antennae (PSI-LHCa) and promoting the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI. We suppose that this rarely-observed phenomenon blocks the disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and maintains its activity as was reflected by the faster growth rate of wheat in optimal conditions and under drought and heat stress. Our multiyear field trial analysis further shows that the treatment with 0.4 g ha-1 of MTU enhanced average grain yields of field-grown wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by 5-8%. Interestingly, the analysis of gene expression and hormone profiling confirms that MTU acts without the involvement of cytokinins or other phytohormones. Moreover, MTU appears to be the only chemical reported to date to affect PSI stability and activity. Our results indicate a central role of PSI and CEF in the onset of senescence with implications in yield management at least for cereal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Kučerová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Radoslav Koprna
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Jana Slivková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Stephen Rossall
- School of Biosciences, Nottingham University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alexandra Husičková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Pilný
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Mária Škrabišová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Drought Tolerance Assessment of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) Accessions Based on Leaf Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030682. [PMID: 36983840 PMCID: PMC10052028 DOI: 10.3390/life13030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and complementary phenotypic traits are essential in the selection of drought-adapted crop genotypes. Understanding the physiological response of diverse okra genotypes under drought stress conditions is critical to the selection of drought-tolerant accessions for production or breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of drought tolerance in preliminarily selected okra accessions based on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to determine best-performing genotypes for drought-tolerance breeding. Twenty-six genetically diverse okra accessions were screened under non-stressed (NS) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions under a controlled glasshouse environment using a 13 × 2 alpha lattice design in three replicates, in two growing seasons. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using various procedures. A significant genotype × water condition interaction effect was recorded for transpiration rate (T), net CO2 assimilation (A), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEins), minimum fluorescence (Fo′), maximum fluorescence (Fm′), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv′/Fm′), the effective quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ɸPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and relative measure of electron transport to oxygen molecules (ETR/A). The results suggested variable drought tolerance of the studied okra accessions for selection. Seven principal components (PCs) contributing to 82% of the total variation for assessed physiological traits were identified under DS conditions. Leaf gas exchange parameters, T, A and WUEi, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as the ɸPSII, Fv′/Fm′, qP, qN, ETR and ETR/A had high loading scores and correlated with WUEi, the ɸPSII, qP and ETR under DS conditions. The study found that optimal gas exchange and photoprotection enhance drought adaptation in the assessed okra genotypes and tested water regimes. Using the physiological variables, the study identified drought-tolerant accessions, namely LS05, LS06, LS07 and LS08 based on high A, T, Fm′, Fv′/Fm′ and ETR, and LS10, LS11, LS18 and LS23 based on high AES, Ci, Ci/Ca, WUEi, WUEins, ɸPSII and AES. The selected genotypes are high-yielding (≥5 g/plant) under drought stress conditions and will complement phenotypic data and guide breeding for water-limited agro-ecologies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun C, Li X, Guo J. Relationship between photosystem activity and ultraweak luminescence excitation in Cerasus humilis leaves under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:1032-1045. [PMID: 36898215 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok (C. humilis) is a wild fruit tree endemic to China. It mainly grows on saline land and often suffers from osmotic stress. Biophotons are ultraweak luminescence (UWL) radiations that are closely related to various biological processes and activities. UWL emission essentially originates from the oxidative stress process of organisms. However, it is unclear whether UWL production is related to the redox state of chloroplasts. Therefore, to understand the UWL emission mechanism in plants, we studied the effect of salt stress on the photosystem (PS) activity and UWL of C. humilis leaves and analyzed the correlation between PS activity and UWL. The results showed that salt stress severely inhibited the PS activity of C. humilis leaves and oxygen-evolving complex, damaged the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII, and hindered the QA-QB electron transfer. At the same time, the intensity of UWL also decreased. Further, correlation analyses of PS activity indices and UWL showed that UWL was significantly correlated with main parameters of photosystem activity such as PSII the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic performance index based on absorbed light energy (PIABS), as well as the absorption, capture, and transfer of energy in the unit reaction center and unit leaf section. These results indicated that the PS activity of C. humilis was related to the production of UWL, and the intensity of UWL decreased with the decrease in PS activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China
| | - Jinli Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010019, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Feng C, Gao H, Zhou Y, Jing Y, Li S, Yan Z, Xu K, Zhou F, Zhang W, Yang X, Hussain MA, Li H. Unfolding molecular switches for salt stress resilience in soybean: recent advances and prospects for salt-tolerant smart plant production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162014. [PMID: 37152141 PMCID: PMC10154572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing sodium salts (NaCl, NaHCO3, NaSO4 etc.) in agricultural soil is a serious global concern for sustainable agricultural production and food security. Soybean is an important food crop, and their cultivation is severely challenged by high salt concentration in soils. Classical transgenic and innovative breeding technologies are immediately needed to engineer salt tolerant soybean plants. Additionally, unfolding the molecular switches and the key components of the soybean salt tolerance network are crucial for soybean salt tolerance improvement. Here we review our understandings of the core salt stress response mechanism in soybean. Recent findings described that salt stress sensing, signalling, ionic homeostasis (Na+/K+) and osmotic stress adjustment might be important in regulating the soybean salinity stress response. We also evaluated the importance of antiporters and transporters such as Arabidopsis K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) potassium channel and the impact of epigenetic modification on soybean salt tolerance. We also review key phytohormones, and osmo-protectants and their role in salt tolerance in soybean. In addition, we discuss the progress of omics technologies for identifying salt stress responsive molecular switches and their targeted engineering for salt tolerance in soybean. This review summarizes recent progress in soybean salt stress functional genomics and way forward for molecular breeding for developing salt-tolerant soybean plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Gao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Jing
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Senquan Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Keheng Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fangxue Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei Y, Chen H, Wang L, Zhao Q, Wang D, Zhang T. Cold acclimation alleviates cold stress-induced PSII inhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2013638. [PMID: 34964430 PMCID: PMC8920150 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how cold acclimation (CA) modulates cold stress in tobacco leaves and reveal the relationship between CA and cold stress resistance, and the mechanism of CA-induced plant resistance to cold stress. This study examined the effects of CA treatment (at 8-10℃ for 2 d) on the cold tolerance of tobacco leaves under 4°C cold stress treatment using seedlings without CA treatment as the control (NA). In both CA and NA leaves, cold stress treatment resulted in a decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), increase in relative variable fluorescence (VJ) at 2 ms on the standardized OJIP curve, inhibition of PSII activity, and impairment of electron transfer on the acceptor side. Besides increasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage rate, the cold stress exacerbated the degree of membrane peroxidation. The CA treatment also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O2·-) and H2O2, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX). The CA treatment also enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP), cyclic electron flow (CEF), and the proportion of regulatory energy dissipation Y(NPQ). Moreover, CA+ cold stress treatment significantly reduced CEF and Y(NPQ) in tobacco leaves than under NA+ cold stress treatment, thus significantly alleviating the degree of PSII photoinhibition. In conclusion, CA treatment significantly alleviated PSII photoinhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves under cold stress treatment. Improvement in cold resistance of tobacco leaves is associated with the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity, accumulation of osmoregulation substances, and initiation of photoprotective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wei
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tongen Zhang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schröder L, Hegermann J, Pille P, Braun HP. The photosynthesis apparatus of European mistletoe (Viscum album). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1896-1914. [PMID: 35976139 PMCID: PMC9614478 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
European mistletoe (Viscum album) is known for its special mode of cellular respiration. It lacks the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (Complex I of the respiratory chain) and has restricted capacities to generate mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Here, we present an investigation of the V. album energy metabolism taking place in chloroplasts. Thylakoids were purified from young V. album leaves, and membrane-bound protein complexes were characterized by Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as by the complexome profiling approach. Proteins were systematically identified by label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics. We identified >1,800 distinct proteins (accessible at https://complexomemap.de/va_leaves), including nearly 100 proteins forming part of the protein complexes involved in the light-dependent part of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis apparatus of V. album has distinct features: (1) comparatively low amounts of Photosystem I; (2) absence of the NDH complex (the chloroplast pendant of mitochondrial Complex I involved in cyclic electron transport (CET) around Photosystem I); (3) reduced levels of the proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) and proton gradient regulation 5-like 1 (PGRL1) proteins, which offer an alternative route for CET around Photosystem I; (4) comparable amounts of Photosystem II and the chloroplast ATP synthase complex to other seed plants. Our data suggest a restricted capacity for chloroplast ATP biosynthesis by the photophosphorylation process. This is in addition to the limited ATP supply by the mitochondria. We propose a view on mistletoe's mode of life, according to which its metabolism relies to a greater extent on energy-rich compounds provided by the host trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Schröder
- Institut für Pflanzgenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institut für Funktionelle und Angewandte Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Pille
- Institut für Pflanzgenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhen S, van Iersel MW, Bugbee B. Photosynthesis in sun and shade: the surprising importance of far-red photons. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:538-546. [PMID: 35832002 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current definition of photosynthetically active radiation includes only photons from 400 up to 700 nm, despite evidence of the synergistic interaction between far-red photons and shorter-wavelength photons. The synergy between far-red and shorter-wavelength photons has not been studied in sunlight under natural conditions. We used a filter to remove photons above 700 nm to quantify the effects on photosynthesis in diverse species under full sun, medium light intensity and vegetation shade. Far-red photons (701 to 750 nm) in sunlight are used efficiently for photosynthesis. This is especially important for leaves in vegetation shade, where far-red photons can be > 50% of the total incident photons between 400 and 750 nm. Far-red photons accounted for 24-25% of leaf gross photosynthesis (Pgross ) in a C3 and a C4 species when sunlight was filtered through a leaf, and 10-14% of leaf Pgross in a tree and an understory species in deep shade. Accounting for the photosynthetic activity of far-red photons is critical for accurate measurement and modeling of photosynthesis at single leaf, canopy and ecosystem scales. This, in turn, is crucial in understanding crop productivity, the global carbon cycle and climate change impacts on agriculture and ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Marc W van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bruce Bugbee
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang S, Duo J, Wufuer R, Li W, Pan X. The Binding Ability of Mercury (Hg) to Photosystem I and II Explained the Difference in Its Toxicity on the Two Photosystems of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. TOXICS 2022; 10:455. [PMID: 36006134 PMCID: PMC9416214 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) poses high toxicity to organisms including algae. Studies showed that the growth and photosynthesis of green algae such as Chlorella are vulnerable to Hg stress. However, the differences between the activities and tolerance of photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) of green microalgae under Hg exposure are still little known. Responses of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) of PSI and PSII of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 0.05−1 mg/L Hg2+ were simultaneously measured for the first time by using the Dual-PAM-100 system. The photosystems were isolated to analyze the characteristics of toxicity of Hg during the binding process. The inhibition of Hg2+ on growth and photosystems was found. PSII was more seriously affected by Hg2+ than PSI. After Hg2+ exposure, the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] decreased with the increase in non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NO) and Y(NPQ)]. The toxic effects of Hg on the photochemical quantum yield and ETR in PSI were lower than those of PSII. The stimulation of cyclic electron yield (CEF) was essential for the stability and protection of PSI under Hg stress and played an important role in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The results showed a strong combination ability of Hg ions and photosystem particles. The number of the binding sites (n) of Hg on PSII was more than that of PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Hg on PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang S, Wufuer R, Duo J, Li W, Pan X. Cadmium Caused Different Toxicity to Photosystem I and Photosystem II of Freshwater Unicellular Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070352. [PMID: 35878257 PMCID: PMC9323598 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as Cd pose environmental problems and threats to a variety of organisms. The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the growth and activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were studied. The growth rate of cells treated with 25 and 100 µM of Cd for longer than 48 h were significantly lower than the control, accompanying with the inhibition of photosynthesis. The result of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) in PSI and PSII showed that Cd had a more serious inhibition on PSII than on PSI. Cd decreased the efficiency of PSII to use the energy under high light with increasing Cd concentration. In contrast, the quantum yield of PSI did not show a significant difference among different Cd treatments. The activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) due to Cd treatment were observed. The photochemical quantum yield of PSI and the tolerance of ETR of PSI to Cd treatments were due to the activation of CEF around PSI. The activation of CEF also played an important role in induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The binding features of Cd ions and photosystem particles showed that Cd was easier to combine with PSII than PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Cd on PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Plastid phylogenomic analyses of the Selaginella sanguinolenta group (Selaginellaceae) reveal conflict signatures resulting from sequence types, outlier genes, and pervasive RNA editing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 173:107507. [PMID: 35589053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Different from the generally conserved plastomes (plastid genomes) of most land plants, the Selaginellaceae plastomes exhibit dynamic structure, high GC content and high substitution rates. Previous plastome analyses identified strong conflict on several clades in Selaginella, however the factors causing the conflictions and the impact on the phylogenetic inference have not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we dissect the distribution of phylogenetic signals and conflicts in Selaginella sanguinolenta group, the plastome of which is DR (direct repeats) structure and with genome-wide RNA editing. We analyzed the data sets including 22 plastomes representing all species of the S. sanguinolenta group, covering the entire geographical distribution from the Himalayas to Siberia and the Russian Far East regions. We recovered four different topologies by applying multispecies coalescent (ASTRAL) and concatenation methods (IQ-TREE and RAxML) on four data sets of PC (protein-coding genes), NC (non-coding sequences), PCN (the concatenated PC and NC), and RC (predicted RNA editing sites "C" were corrected by "T"), respectively. Six monophyletic clades, S. nummularifolia clade, S. rossii clade, S. sajanensis clade, S. sanguinolenta I clade, S. sanguinolenta II clade, and S. sanguinolenta III clade, were consistently resolved and supported by the characteristics of GC content, RNA editing frequency, and gene content. However, the relationships among these clades varied across the four topologies. To explore the underlying causes of the uncertainty, we compared the phylogenetic signals of the four topologies. We identified that the sequence types (coding versus non-coding), outlier genes (genes with extremely high |ΔGLS| values), and C-to-U RNA editing frequency in the protein-coding genes were responsible for the unstable phylogenomic relationship. We further revealed a significant positive correlation between the |ΔGLS| values and the variation coefficient of the RNA editing number. Our results demonstrated that the coalescent method performed better than the concatenation method in overcoming the problems caused by outlier genes and extreme RNA editing events. Our study particularly focused on the importance of exploring the plastid phylogenomic conflicts and suggested conducting concatenated analyses cautiously when adopting organelle genome data.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang N, Mattoon EM, McHargue W, Venn B, Zimmer D, Pecani K, Jeong J, Anderson CM, Chen C, Berry JC, Xia M, Tzeng SC, Becker E, Pazouki L, Evans B, Cross F, Cheng J, Czymmek KJ, Schroda M, Mühlhaus T, Zhang R. Systems-wide analysis revealed shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Commun Biol 2022; 5:460. [PMID: 35562408 PMCID: PMC9106746 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different intensities of high temperatures affect the growth of photosynthetic cells in nature. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we cultivated the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under highly controlled photobioreactor conditions and revealed systems-wide shared and unique responses to 24-hour moderate (35°C) and acute (40°C) high temperatures and subsequent recovery at 25°C. We identified previously overlooked unique elements in response to moderate high temperature. Heat at 35°C transiently arrested the cell cycle followed by partial synchronization, up-regulated transcripts/proteins involved in gluconeogenesis/glyoxylate-cycle for carbon uptake and promoted growth. But 40°C disrupted cell division and growth. Both high temperatures induced photoprotection, while 40°C distorted thylakoid/pyrenoid ultrastructure, affected the carbon concentrating mechanism, and decreased photosynthetic efficiency. We demonstrated increased transcript/protein correlation during both heat treatments and hypothesize reduced post-transcriptional regulation during heat may help efficiently coordinate thermotolerance mechanisms. During recovery after both heat treatments, especially 40°C, transcripts/proteins related to DNA synthesis increased while those involved in photosynthetic light reactions decreased. We propose down-regulating photosynthetic light reactions during DNA replication benefits cell cycle resumption by reducing ROS production. Our results provide potential targets to increase thermotolerance in algae and crops. A systems-wide analysis of the single-cell green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti reveals shared and unique responses to moderate and acute high temperatures using multiple-level investigation of transcriptomics, proteomics, cell physiology, photosynthetic parameters, and cellular ultrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Will McHargue
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | | | - David Zimmer
- TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Kresti Pecani
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jooyeon Jeong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Cheyenne M Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Shin-Cheng Tzeng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Bradley Evans
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Fred Cross
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lysenko V, Varduny T. High levels of anoxygenic photosynthesis revealed by dual-frequency Fourier photoacoustics in Ailanthus altissima leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:573-586. [PMID: 35413232 DOI: 10.1071/fp21093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to oxygenic photosynthesis, true anoxygenic photosynthesis is not associated with O2 evolution originated from water photolysis but still converts light energy to that of the phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP. In a narrow sense, anoxygenic photosynthesis is mainly known as to be related to the purple and green sulfur bacteria, but in a broad sense, it also occurs in the vascular plants. The portion of photosynthetic water photolysis that is compensated by the processes of O2 uptake (respiration, photorespiration, Mehler cycle, etc.) may be referred to as 'quasi' anoxygenic photosynthesis. Photoacoustic method allows for the separate detection of photolytic O2 at frequencies of measuring light about 20-40Hz, whereas at 250-400Hz, it detects the photochemical energy storage. We have developed a fast-Fourier transform photoacoustic method enabling measurements of both these signals simultaneously in one sample. This method allows to calculate oxygenic coefficients, which reflect the part of photochemically stored light energy that is used for the water photolysis. We show that the true anoxygenic photosynthesis in Ailanthus altissima Mill. leaves reached very high levels under low light, under moderate light at the beginning of the 1-h period, and at the end of the 40-min period under saturating light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lysenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Botanichesky spusk 7, 344041 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatyana Varduny
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Botanichesky spusk 7, 344041 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan T, Wang Z, Liu D, Zeng H, Liang J, Hu D, Gan X. Ferulic acid derivatives with piperazine moiety as potential antiviral agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1749-1758. [PMID: 35001496 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant virus diseases are difficult to control and severely threaten the productivity of crops, which leads to huge financial losses. To discover the new antiviral drugs, 34 novel ferulic acid derivatives with piperazine moiety were synthesized, and the antiviral activities were systematically screened as well. RESULTS Bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds had outstanding antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in vivo. In particular, compound E2 exhibited remarkable curative activities to TMV and CMV with EC50 values of 189.0 and 401.7 μg/mL compared to those for ningnanmycin (387.0, 519.3 μg/mL) and ribavirin (542.1, 721.5 μg/mL). And then the mechanisms of compound E2 were studied by chlorophyll content, differentially expressed proteins and genes tests. CONCLUSION The excellent antiviral activity of compound E2 was closely associated with the increase in host photosynthesis, which was confirmed by chlorophyll content, differentially expressed proteins and genes assays. Compound E2 can be considered as a lead structure for the discovery of new antiviral agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huanan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juncheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei D, Zhang T, Wang B, Zhang H, Ma M, Li S, Chen THH, Brestic M, Liu Y, Yang X. Glycinebetaine mitigates tomato chilling stress by maintaining high-cyclic electron flow rate of photosystem I and stability of photosystem II. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1087-1101. [PMID: 35150305 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycinebetaine alleviates chilling stress by protecting photosystems I and II in BADH-transgenic and GB-treated tomato plants, which can be an effective strategy for improving crop chilling tolerance. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world, but is highly susceptible to chilling stress and does not naturally accumulate glycinebetaine (GB), one of the most effective stress protectants. The protective mechanisms of GB on photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) against chilling stress, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we address this problem through exogenous GB application and generation of transgenic tomatoes (Moneymaker) with a gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), which is the key enzyme in the synthesis of GB, from spinach. Our results demonstrated that GB can protect chloroplast ultramicrostructure, alleviate PSII photoinhibition and maintain PSII stability under chilling stress. More importantly, GB increased the electron transfer between QA and QB and the redox potential of QB and maintained a high rate of cyclic electron flow around PSI, contributing to reduced production of reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating PSI photodamage under chilling stress. Our results highlight the novel roles of GB in enhancing chilling tolerance via the protection of PSI and PSII in BADH transgenic and GB-treated tomato plants under chilling stress. Thus, introducing GB-biosynthetic pathway into tomato and exogenous GB application are effective strategies for improving chilling tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wei
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
- Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, 034000, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Bingquan Wang
- Maize Research Institution, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, XinzhouShanxi, 034000, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shufen Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Tony H H Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, ALS 4017, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra, 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Architecture of the chloroplast PSI-NDH supercomplex in Hordeum vulgare. Nature 2022; 601:649-654. [PMID: 34879391 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex is composed of at least 29 subunits and has an important role in mediating photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron transport (CET)1-3. The NDH complex associates with PSI to form the PSI-NDH supercomplex and fulfil its function. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of a PSI-NDH supercomplex from barley (Hordeum vulgare). The structures reveal that PSI-NDH is composed of two copies of the PSI-light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subcomplex and one NDH complex. Two monomeric LHCI proteins, Lhca5 and Lhca6, mediate the binding of two PSI complexes to NDH. Ten plant chloroplast-specific NDH subunits are presented and their exact positions as well as their interactions with other subunits in NDH are elucidated. In all, this study provides a structural basis for further investigations on the functions and regulation of PSI-NDH-dependent CET.
Collapse
|
30
|
The Assembly of Super-Complexes in the Plant Chloroplast. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121839. [PMID: 34944483 PMCID: PMC8699064 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that the enzymes of several biological pathways assemble into larger supramolecular structures called super-complexes. Indeed, those such as association of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes play an essential role in respiratory activity and promote metabolic fitness. Dynamically assembled super-complexes are able to alternate between participating in large complexes and existing in a free state. However, the functional significance of the super-complexes is not entirely clear. It has been proposed that the organization of respiratory enzymes into super-complexes could reduce oxidative damage and increase metabolism efficiency. There are several protein complexes that have been revealed in the plant chloroplast, yet little research has been focused on the formation of super-complexes in this organelle. The photosystem I and light-harvesting complex I super-complex’s structure suggests that energy absorbed by light-harvesting complex I could be efficiently transferred to the PSI core by avoiding concentration quenching. Here, we will discuss in detail core complexes of photosystem I and II, the chloroplast ATPase the chloroplast electron transport chain, the Calvin–Benson cycle and a plastid localized purinosome. In addition, we will also describe the methods to identify these complexes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rogowski P, Urban A, Romanowska E. Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112336. [PMID: 34736069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We extended, for the first time, the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) model to describe the kinetics of photosystem I (PSI) complexes using light as a substrate. Our work is novel as it can be useful for studying the phenomenon of "state transitions" because it quantifies the affinity of light to PSI reaction centers depending on the associated light harvesting complex II (LHCII) antennas. We verified our models by measuring the PSI activity as a function of light intensity using an oxygen electrode for chloroplast from plants grown in low light conditions and treated with far red light. We determined the kinetics constant KM for: PSI-LHCI, PSI-LHCI-LHCII and PSI-PSII megacomplexes and have shown that KM for PSI located in the megacomplexes was smaller in magnitude than PSI-LHCI, thus demonstrating that LHCII antennas are functionally associated with PSI. The parameter [S]1/2used in our models is the equivalent of M-M constant. Far red light increases [S]1/2, which indicates that transition from state 1 to state 2 leads to an energy gain while reaching the PSI reaction centers. We also observed that redistribution of the absorbed excitation energy is realized not only by LHCII migration but also by association of the photosystems in the megacomplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Rogowski
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Romanowska
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang Y, Feng X, Wang H, Chen Y, Sun Y. Heat-induced down-regulation of photosystem II protects photosystem I in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1311-1321. [PMID: 34351552 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a traditional medicinal plant in China which is often threatened by high temperature at midday during summer. Heat-induced effects on the photosynthetic apparatus in honeysuckle are associated with a depression of the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. However, very limited information is available on regulation of photosynthetic electron flow in PSI photoprotection in heat-stressed honeysuckle. Simultaneous analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and the change in absorbance of P700 showed that energy transformation and electron transfer activity in PSII decreased under heat stress, but the fraction of photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm) remained stable. With treatments at 38 and 42 °C, the photochemical electron transport in PSII was suppressed, whereas the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was induced. In addition, the levels of high energy state quenching (qE) and P700 oxidation increased significantly with increasing temperature. However, a decline of qE in antimycin A (AA)- or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated leaves after heat treatment was observed, while P700 oxidation decreased only in the presence of AA. The results indicate that heat-induced inhibition of PSII and induction of CEF cooperatively protect PSI from ROS damages through moderate down-regulation of photosynthetic electron flow from PSII to PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saadat NP, Nies T, van Aalst M, Hank B, Demirtas B, Ebenhöh O, Matuszyńska A. Computational Analysis of Alternative Photosynthetic Electron Flows Linked With Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:750580. [PMID: 34745183 PMCID: PMC8569387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.750580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, organisms respond to their energy demand and ensure the supply of energy and redox equivalents that sustain metabolism. Hence, the photosynthetic apparatus can, and in fact should, be treated as an integrated supply-demand system. Any imbalance in the energy produced and consumed can lead to adverse reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reaction centres of both photosystems are known sites of ROS production. Here, we investigate in particular the central role of Photosystem I (PSI) in this tightly regulated system. Using a computational approach we have expanded a previously published mechanistic model of C3 photosynthesis by including ROS producing and scavenging reactions around PSI. These include two water to water reactions mediated by Plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) and Mehler and the ascorbate-glutathione (ASC-GSH) cycle, as a main non-enzymatic antioxidant. We have used this model to predict flux distributions through alternative electron pathways under various environmental stress conditions by systematically varying light intensity and enzymatic activity of key reactions. In particular, we studied the link between ROS formation and activation of pathways around PSI as potential scavenging mechanisms. This work shines light on the role of alternative electron pathways in photosynthetic acclimation and investigates the effect of environmental perturbations on PSI activity in the context of metabolic productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima P. Saadat
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Nies
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marvin van Aalst
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brandon Hank
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Büsra Demirtas
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Matuszyńska
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li T, Che Y, Wang J, Guo D, Sun G, Li X. Thioredoxin-like protein CDSP32 alleviates Cd-induced photosynthetic inhibition in tobacco leaves by regulating cyclic electron flow and excess energy dissipation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:831-839. [PMID: 34530327 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-like protein CDSP32 (Trx CDSP32), a thioredoxin-like (Trx-like) protein located in the chloroplast, can regulate photosynthesis and the redox state of plants under stress. In order to examine the role of Trx CDSP32 in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants exposed to cadmium (Cd), the effects of Trx CDSP32 on photosynthetic function and photoprotection in tobacco leaves under Cd exposure were studied using a proteomics approach with wild-type (WT) and Trx CDSP32 overexpression (OE) tobacco plants. Cd exposure reduced stomatal conductance, blocked PSII photosynthetic electron transport, and inhibited carbon assimilation. Increased water use efficiency (WUE), cyclic electron flow (CEF) of the proton gradient regulation 5 pathway (PGR5-CEF), and regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)] are important mechanisms of Cd adaptation. However, CEF of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase pathway (NDH-CEF) was inhibited by Cd exposure. Relative to control conditions, the expression levels of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and photosystem II 22 kDa protein (PsbS) in OE leaves were significantly increased under Cd exposure, but those in WT leaves did not change significantly. Moreover, the expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE) under Cd exposure was significantly higher than that in WT leaves. Thus, Trx CDSP32 increased Y(NPQ) and alleviated PSII photoinhibition under Cd exposure. Trx CDSP32 not only increased PGR5-like protein 1A and 1B expression, but also alleviated the down-regulation of NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunits induced by Cd exposure. Thus, Trx CDSP32 promotes CEF in Cd-exposed tobacco leaves. Thus, Trx CDSP32 alleviates the Cd-induced photoinhibition in tobacco leaves by regulating two photoprotective mechanisms: CEF and xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Che
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; School of Forestry, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cinq-Mars M, Samson G. Down-Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Decline in CO2 Assimilation under Low Frequencies of Pulsed Lights. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102033. [PMID: 34685841 PMCID: PMC8540243 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The decline in CO2 assimilation in leaves exposed to decreasing frequencies of pulsed light is well characterized, in contrast to the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport under these conditions. Thus, we exposed sunflower leaves to pulsed lights of different frequencies but with the same duty ratio (25%) and averaged light intensity (575 μmoles photons m−2 s−1). The rates of net photosynthesis Pn were constant from 125 to 10 Hz, and declined by 70% from 10 to 0.1 Hz. This decline coincided with (1) a marked increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and (2) the completion after 25 ms of illumination of the first phase of P700 photooxidation, the primary electron donor of PSI. Under longer light pulses (<5 Hz), there was a slower and larger P700 photooxidation phase that could be attributed to the larger NPQ and to a resistance of electron flow on the PSI donor side indicated by 44% slower kinetics of a P700+ dark reduction. In addition, at low frequencies, the decrease in quantum yield of photochemistry was 2.3-times larger for PSII than for PSI. Globally, our results indicate that the decline in CO2 assimilation at 10 Hz and lower frequencies coincide with the formation of NPQ and a restriction of electron flows toward PSI, favoring the accumulation of harmless P700+.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chadee A, Alber NA, Dahal K, Vanlerberghe GC. The Complementary Roles of Chloroplast Cyclic Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase to Ensure Photosynthetic Performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748204. [PMID: 34650584 PMCID: PMC8505746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts use light energy and a linear electron transport (LET) pathway for the coupled generation of NADPH and ATP. It is widely accepted that the production ratio of ATP to NADPH is usually less than required to fulfill the energetic needs of the chloroplast. Left uncorrected, this would quickly result in an over-reduction of the stromal pyridine nucleotide pool (i.e., high NADPH/NADP+ ratio) and under-energization of the stromal adenine nucleotide pool (i.e., low ATP/ADP ratio). These imbalances could cause metabolic bottlenecks, as well as increased generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Chloroplast cyclic electron transport (CET) and the chloroplast malate valve could each act to prevent stromal over-reduction, albeit in distinct ways. CET avoids the NADPH production associated with LET, while the malate valve consumes the NADPH associated with LET. CET could operate by one of two different pathways, depending upon the chloroplast ATP demand. The NADH dehydrogenase-like pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the pathway involving PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) and PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1). Similarly, the malate valve could couple with one of two different mitochondrial electron transport pathways, depending upon the cytosolic ATP demand. The cytochrome pathway yields a higher ATP return per electron flux than the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. In both Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PGR5/PGRL1 pathway mutants have increased amounts of AOX, suggesting complementary roles for these two lesser-ATP yielding mechanisms of preventing stromal over-reduction. These two pathways may become most relevant under environmental stress conditions that lower the ATP demands for carbon fixation and carbohydrate export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A. Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Greg C. Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anderson CM, Mattoon EM, Zhang N, Becker E, McHargue W, Yang J, Patel D, Dautermann O, McAdam SAM, Tarin T, Pathak S, Avenson TJ, Berry J, Braud M, Niyogi KK, Wilson M, Nusinow DA, Vargas R, Czymmek KJ, Eveland AL, Zhang R. High light and temperature reduce photosynthetic efficiency through different mechanisms in the C 4 model Setaria viridis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1092. [PMID: 34531541 PMCID: PMC8446033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C4 plants frequently experience high light and high temperature conditions in the field, which reduce growth and yield. However, the mechanisms underlying these stress responses in C4 plants have been under-explored, especially the coordination between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. We investigated how the C4 model plant Setaria viridis responded to a four-hour high light or high temperature treatment at photosynthetic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural levels. Although we observed a comparable reduction of photosynthetic efficiency in high light or high temperature treated leaves, detailed analysis of multi-level responses revealed important differences in key pathways and M/BS specificity responding to high light and high temperature. We provide a systematic analysis of high light and high temperature responses in S. viridis, reveal different acclimation strategies to these two stresses in C4 plants, discover unique light/temperature responses in C4 plants in comparison to C3 plants, and identify potential targets to improve abiotic stress tolerance in C4 crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Mattoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Plant and Microbial Biosciences Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Becker
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jiani Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunita Pathak
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Avenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxwell Braud
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Farhat N, Kouas W, Braun HP, Debez A. Stability of thylakoid protein complexes and preserving photosynthetic efficiency are crucial for the successful recovery of the halophyte Cakile maritima from high salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:177-190. [PMID: 34116337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants native to extreme habitats often face changes in environmental conditions such as salinity level and water availability. In response, plants have evolved efficient mechanisms allowing them to survive or recover. In the present work, effects of high salinity and salt-stress release were studied on the halophyte Cakile maritima. Four week-old plants were either cultivated at 0 mM NaCl or 200 mM NaCl. After one month of treatment, plants were further irrigated at either 0 mM NaCl, 200 mM NaCl, or rewatered to 0 mM NaCl (stress release). Upon salt stress, C. maritima plants exhibited reduced biomass production and shoot hydration which were associated with a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll a and b. However, under the same stressful conditions a significant increase of anthocyanin and malonyldialdehyde concentrations was noticed. Salt-stressed plants were able to maintain stable protein complexes of thylakoid membranes. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 redox state showed that PSI was more susceptible for damage by salinity than PSII. PSII machinery was significantly enhanced under saline conditions. All measured parameters were partially restored under salt-stress release conditions. Photoinhibition of PSI was also reversible and C. maritima was able to successfully re-establish PSI machinery indicating the high contribution of chloroplasts in salt tolerance mechanisms of C. maritima. Overall, to overcome high salinity stress, C. maritima sets a cascade of physio-biochemical and molecular pathways. Chloroplasts seem to act as metabolic centers as part of this adaptive process enabling growth restoration in this halophyte following salt stress release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nèjia Farhat
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wafa Kouas
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Department of Plant Proteomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hameed A, Ahmed MZ, Hussain T, Aziz I, Ahmad N, Gul B, Nielsen BL. Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function. Cells 2021; 10:2023. [PMID: 34440792 PMCID: PMC8395010 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Tabassum Hussain
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute for Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.Z.A.); (T.H.); (I.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
PGRL2 triggers degradation of PGR5 in the absence of PGRL1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3941. [PMID: 34168134 PMCID: PMC8225790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, inactivation of either of the thylakoid proteins PGR5 and PGRL1 impairs cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Because PGR5 is unstable in the absence of the redox-active PGRL1, but not vice versa, PGRL1 is thought to be essential for CEF. However, we show here that inactivation of PGRL2, a distant homolog of PGRL1, relieves the need for PGRL1 itself. Conversely, high levels of PGRL2 destabilize PGR5 even when PGRL1 is present. In the absence of both PGRL1 and PGRL2, PGR5 alters thylakoid electron flow and impairs plant growth. Consequently, PGR5 can operate in CEF on its own, and is the target of the CEF inhibitor antimycin A, but its activity must be modulated by PGRL1. We conclude that PGRL1 channels PGR5 activity, and that PGRL2 triggers the degradation of PGR5 when the latter cannot productively interact with PGRL1. It is currently thought that the thylakoid proteins PGRL1 and PGR5 form a complex to mediate cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. Here the authors show that CEF can in fact be mediated by PGR5 alone and that PGRL1 and the homologous PGRL2 modify the process by modulating PGR5 activity and stability.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. The flexibility of metabolic interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria in Nicotiana tabacum leaf. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1625-1646. [PMID: 33811402 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of mitochondrial function on photosynthesis, wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with varying amounts of alternative oxidase (AOX) were treated with different respiratory inhibitors. Initially, each inhibitor increased the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain, most severely in AOX knockdowns and least severely in AOX overexpressors. This indicated that the mitochondrion was a necessary sink for photo-generated reductant, contributing to the 'P700 oxidation capacity' of photosystem I. Initially, the Complex III inhibitor myxothiazol and the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin caused an increase in photosystem II regulated non-photochemical quenching not evident with the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA). This indicated that the increased quenching depended upon AA-sensitive cyclic electron transport (CET). Following 12 h with oligomycin, the reduction state of the chloroplast electron transport chain recovered in all plant lines. Recovery was associated with large increases in the protein amount of chloroplast ATP synthase and mitochondrial uncoupling protein. This increased the capacity for photophosphorylation in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation and enabled the mitochondrion to act again as a sink for photo-generated reductant. Comparing the AA and myxothiazol treatments at 12 h showed that CET optimized photosystem I quantum yield, depending upon the P700 oxidation capacity. When this capacity was too high, CET drew electrons away from other sinks, moderating the P700+ amount. When P700 oxidation capacity was too low, CET acted as an electron overflow, moderating the amount of reduced P700. This study reveals flexible chloroplast-mitochondrion interactions able to overcome lesions in energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ma M, Liu Y, Bai C, Yong JWH. The Significance of Chloroplast NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Complex and Its Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport in Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661863. [PMID: 33968117 PMCID: PMC8102782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, a multiple-subunit complex in the thylakoid membranes mediating cyclic electron transport, is one of the most important alternative electron transport pathways. It was identified to be essential for plant growth and development during stress periods in recent years. The NDH-mediated cyclic electron transport can restore the over-reduction in stroma, maintaining the balance of the redox system in the electron transfer chain and providing the extra ATP needed for the other biochemical reactions. In this review, we discuss the research history and the subunit composition of NDH. Specifically, the formation and significance of NDH-mediated cyclic electron transport are discussed from the perspective of plant evolution and physiological functionality of NDH facilitating plants' adaptation to environmental stress. A better understanding of the NDH-mediated cyclic electron transport during photosynthesis may offer new approaches to improving crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Ma
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Key Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chunming Bai
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yousef AF, Ali MM, Rizwan HM, Tadda SA, Kalaji HM, Yang H, Ahmed MAA, Wróbel J, Xu Y, Chen F. Photosynthetic apparatus performance of tomato seedlings grown under various combinations of LED illumination. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249373. [PMID: 33858008 PMCID: PMC8049771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is already known that the process of photosynthesis depends on the quality and intensity of light. However, the influence of the new light sources recently used in horticulture, known as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), on this process is not yet fully understood. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement has been widely used as a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive tool to study the efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) and to evaluate plant responses to various environmental factors, including light intensity and quality. In this work, we tested the responses of the tomato photosynthetic apparatus to different light spectral qualities. Our results showed that the best performance of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed under a mixture of red and blue light (R7:B3) or a mixture of red, green and blue light (R3:G2:B5). This was demonstrated by the increase in the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Y[II]), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR). On the other hand, the mixture of red and blue light with a high proportion of blue light led to an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Our results can be used to improve the production of tomato plants under artificial light conditions. However, since we found that the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato plants to a particular light regime were cultivar-dependent and there was a weak correlation between the growth and photosynthetic parameters tested in this work, special attention should be paid in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Yousef
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (branch Assiut), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad M. Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hafiz M. Rizwan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shehu Abubakar Tadda
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Crop Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Agric. Technology, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture—Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Machine Learning and Intelligent Science, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yavari N, Tripathi R, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Singh J, Lefsrud M. The effect of light quality on plant physiology, photosynthetic, and stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247380. [PMID: 33661984 PMCID: PMC7932170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of wavelengths in 500-600 nm on plant response and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive and required further investigation. Here, we investigated the effect of light quality on leaf area growth, biomass, pigments content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) across three Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, along with changes in transcription, photosynthates content, and antioxidative enzyme activity. Eleven-leaves plants were treated with BL; 450 nm, AL; 595 nm, RL; 650 nm, and FL; 400-700 nm as control. RL significantly increased leaf area growth, biomass, and promoted Pn. BL increased leaf area growth, carotenoid and anthocyanin content. AL significantly reduced leaf area growth and biomass, while Pn remained unaffected. Petiole elongation was further observed across accessions under AL. To explore the underlying mechanisms under AL, expression of key marker genes involved in light-responsive photosynthetic reaction, enzymatic activity of antioxidants, and content of photosynthates were monitored in Col-0 under AL, RL (as contrast), and FL (as control). AL induced transcription of GSH2 and PSBA, while downregulated NPQ1 and FNR2. Photosynthates, including proteins and starches, showed lower content under AL. SOD and APX showed enhanced enzymatic activity under AL. These results provide insight into physiological and photosynthetic responses to light quality, in addition to identifying putative protective-mechanisms that may be induced to cope with lighting-stress in order to enhance plant stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Yavari
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (ML); (NY)
| | - Rajiv Tripathi
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bo-Sen Wu
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah MacPherson
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University–Macdonald Campus, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (ML); (NY)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu X, Wu J, Wang Y, He M, He M, Liu W, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. The key cyclic electron flow protein PGR5 associates with cytochrome b 6f, and its function is partially influenced by the LHCII state transition. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:55. [PMID: 33664242 PMCID: PMC7933433 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants and algae, PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow (CEF) is an important regulator of acclimation to fluctuating environments, but how PGR5 participates in CEF is unclear. In this work, we analyzed two PGR5s in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under different conditions and found that CsPGR5a played the dominant role in PGR5-dependent CEF. The results of yeast two-hybrid, biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), blue native PAGE, and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assays showed that PGR5a interacted with PetC, Lhcb3, and PsaH. Furthermore, the intensity of the interactions was dynamic during state transitions, and the abundance of PGR5 attached to cyt b6f decreased during the transition from state 1 to state 2, which revealed that the function of PGR5a is related to the state transition. We proposed that PGR5 is a small mobile protein that functions when attached to protein complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meiwen He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian, 223800, China.
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian, 223800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sarewicz M, Pintscher S, Pietras R, Borek A, Bujnowicz Ł, Hanke G, Cramer WA, Finazzi G, Osyczka A. Catalytic Reactions and Energy Conservation in the Cytochrome bc1 and b6f Complexes of Energy-Transducing Membranes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2020-2108. [PMID: 33464892 PMCID: PMC7908018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-transduction systems: the cytochrome bc1 and b6f (Cytbc1/b6f) membranous multisubunit homodimeric complexes. These remarkable molecular machines catalyze electron transfer from membranous quinones to water-soluble electron carriers (such as cytochromes c or plastocyanin), coupling electron flow to proton translocation across the energy-transducing membrane and contributing to the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, which powers cellular metabolism in the majority of living organisms. Cytsbc1/b6f share many similarities but also have significant differences. While decades of research have provided extensive knowledge on these enzymes, several important aspects of their molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We summarize a broad range of structural, mechanistic, and physiological aspects required for function of Cytbc1/b6f, combining textbook fundamentals with new intriguing concepts that have emerged from more recent studies. The discussion covers but is not limited to (i) mechanisms of energy-conserving bifurcation of electron pathway and energy-wasting superoxide generation at the quinol oxidation site, (ii) the mechanism by which semiquinone is stabilized at the quinone reduction site, (iii) interactions with substrates and specific inhibitors, (iv) intermonomer electron transfer and the role of a dimeric complex, and (v) higher levels of organization and regulation that involve Cytsbc1/b6f. In addressing these topics, we point out existing uncertainties and controversies, which, as suggested, will drive further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sarewicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pintscher
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Pietras
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Borek
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bujnowicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Guy Hanke
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - William A. Cramer
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire
de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National Recherche Scientifique,
Commissariat Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut National
Recherche l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Luu Trinh MD, Miyazaki D, Ono S, Nomata J, Kono M, Mino H, Niwa T, Okegawa Y, Motohashi K, Taguchi H, Hisabori T, Masuda S. The evolutionary conserved iron-sulfur protein TCR controls P700 oxidation in photosystem I. iScience 2021; 24:102059. [PMID: 33554065 PMCID: PMC7848650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants have developed sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to optimize the photosynthetic electron transfer rate at the maximum efficiency and cope with the changing environments. Maintaining proper P700 oxidation at photosystem I (PSI) is the common denominator for most regulatory processes of photosynthetic electron transfers. However, the molecular complexes and cofactors involved in these processes and their function(s) have not been fully clarified. Here, we identified a redox-active chloroplast protein, the triplet-cysteine repeat protein (TCR). TCR shared similar expression profiles with known photosynthetic regulators and contained two triplet-cysteine motifs (CxxxCxxxC). Biochemical analysis indicated that TCR localizes in chloroplasts and has a [3Fe-4S] cluster. Loss of TCR limited the electron sink downstream of PSI during dark-to-light transition. Arabidopsis pgr5-tcr double mutant reduced growth significantly and showed unusual oxidation and reduction of plastoquinone pool. These results indicated that TCR is involved in electron flow(s) downstream of PSI, contributing to P700 oxidation. P700 oxidation at photosystem I is important for regulation of photosynthesis TCR is a redox active chloroplast protein harboring a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster TCR controls electron flow around photosystem I, contributing to P700 oxidation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sumire Ono
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jiro Nomata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mino
- Division of Materials Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Okegawa
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Motohashi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hisabori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Malone LA, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Johnson MP. Cytochrome b 6f - Orchestrator of photosynthetic electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148380. [PMID: 33460588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) lies at the heart of the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, where it serves as a link between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) through the oxidation and reduction of the electron carriers plastoquinol (PQH2) and plastocyanin (Pc). A mechanism of electron bifurcation, known as the Q-cycle, couples electron transfer to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient for ATP synthesis. Cytb6f catalyses the rate-limiting step in linear electron transfer (LET), is pivotal for cyclic electron transfer (CET) and plays a key role as a redox-sensing hub involved in the regulation of light-harvesting, electron transfer and photosynthetic gene expression. Together, these characteristics make cytb6f a judicious target for genetic manipulation to enhance photosynthetic yield, a strategy which already shows promise. In this review we will outline the structure and function of cytb6f with a particular focus on new insights provided by the recent high-resolution map of the complex from Spinach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna A Malone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ochieno DMW, Karoney EM, Muge EK, Nyaboga EN, Baraza DL, Shibairo SI, Naluyange V. Rhizobium-Linked Nutritional and Phytochemical Changes Under Multitrophic Functional Contexts in Sustainable Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.604396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are bacteria that exhibit both endophytic and free-living lifestyles. Endophytic rhizobial strains are widely known to infect leguminous host plants, while some do infect non-legumes. Infection of leguminous roots often results in the formation of root nodules. Associations between rhizobia and host plants may result in beneficial or non-beneficial effects. Such effects are linked to various biochemical changes that have far-reaching implications on relationships between host plants and the dependent multitrophic biodiversity. This paper explores relationships that exist between rhizobia and various plant species. Emphasis is on nutritional and phytochemical changes that occur in rhizobial host plants, and how such changes affect diverse consumers at different trophic levels. The purpose of this paper is to bring into context various aspects of such interactions that could improve knowledge on the application of rhizobia in different fields. The relevance of rhizobia in sustainable food systems is addressed in context.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhu D, Luo F, Zou R, Liu J, Yan Y. Integrated physiological and chloroplast proteome analysis of wheat seedling leaves under salt and osmotic stresses. J Proteomics 2021; 234:104097. [PMID: 33401000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performed an integrated physiological and chloroplast proteome analysis of wheat seedling leaves under salt and osmotic stresses by label-free based quantitative proteomic approach. Both salt and osmotic stresses significantly increased the levels of abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate and led to damages of chloroplast ultrastructure. Main parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange showed a significant decline under both stresses. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 194 and 169 chloroplast-localized differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) responsive to salt and osmotic stresses, respectively. The abundance of main DAPs involved in light-dependent reaction were increased under salt stress, but decreased in response to osmotic stress. On the contrary, salt stress induced a significant upregulation of the DAPs associated with Calvin cycle, transcription and translation, amino acid metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and some of them exhibited a downregulation under osmotic stress. In particular, both treatments significantly upregulated the DAPs involved in plastoglobule development, protein folding and proteolysis, hormone and vitamin synthesis. Finally, we proposed a putative synergistic responsive network of wheat chloroplast proteome under salt and osmotic stresses, aiming to provide new insights into the underlying response and defense mechanisms of wheat chloroplast proteome in response to abiotic stresses. SIGNIFICANCE: Salt and osmotic stresses are the two most common abiotic stresses that severely affect crop growth and productivity. As the main site of photosynthesis of plant cells, the chloroplast also plays important role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the response of chloroplast proteome to salt and osmotic is still poorly understood by using the traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) method due to a poor resolution of chloroplast protein separation and low throughput identification of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). In this study, we employed label-free based quantitative proteomic approach to perform an integrated physiological and large-scale chloroplast proteome analysis of wheat seedling leaves under salt and osmotic stresses, which laid a solid foundation for future studies into the response and defense mechanisms of wheat chloroplast in response to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fei Luo
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rong Zou
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junxian Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|