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Li S, Liu X, Yin L, Wang S, Deng X. Alteration in lipid metabolism is involved in nitrogen deficiency response in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108883. [PMID: 38943879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Changes of membrane lipid composition contribute to plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses. Here, a comparative study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of how lipid alteration affects plant growth and development under nitrogen (N) deficiency. Two wheat cultivars: the N deficiency-tolerant cultivar Xiaoyan 6 (XY) and the N deficiency-sensitive cultivar Aikang 58 (AK) were used to test if the high N-deficiency tolerance was related with lipid metabolism. The results showed that N deficiency inhibited the morpho-physiological parameters in both XY and AK cultivars, which showed a significant decrease in biomass, N content, photosynthetic efficiency, and lipid contents. However, these decreases were more pronounced in AK than XY. In addition, XY showed a notable increase in fatty acid unsaturation, relatively well-maintained chloroplast ultrastructure, and minimized damage of lipid peroxidation and enhanced PSII activity under N-deficient condition, as compared with AK. Transcription levels of many genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturation were up-regulated in response to N deficiency in two wheat cultivars, while the expressions were much higher in XY than AK under N deficiency. These results highlight the importance of alterations in lipid metabolism in N deficiency tolerance in wheat. High levels of lipid content and unsaturated fatty acids maintained the membrane structure and function, contributing to high photosynthesis and antioxidant capacities, thereby improved the tolerance to N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
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Li Z, Pickles IB, Sharma M, Melling B, Pallasdies L, Codée JDC, Williams SJ, Overkleeft HS, Davies GJ. Detection of Sulfoquinovosidase Activity in Cell Lysates Using Activity-Based Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401358. [PMID: 38647177 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, constitutes a major sulfur reserve in the biosphere. Microbial breakdown of SQDG is critical for the biological utilization of its sulfur. This commences through release of the parent sugar, sulfoquinovose (SQ), catalyzed by sulfoquinovosidases (SQases). These vanguard enzymes are encoded in gene clusters that code for diverse SQ catabolic pathways. To identify, visualize and isolate glycoside hydrolase CAZY-family 31 (GH31) SQases in complex biological environments, we introduce SQ cyclophellitol-aziridine activity-based probes (ABPs). These ABPs label the active site nucleophile of this enzyme family, consistent with specific recognition of the SQ cyclophellitol-aziridine in the active site, as evidenced in the 3D structure of Bacillus megaterium SQase. A fluorescent Cy5-probe enables visualization of SQases in crude cell lysates from bacteria harbouring different SQ breakdown pathways, whilst a biotin-probe enables SQase capture and identification by proteomics. The Cy5-probe facilitates monitoring of active SQase levels during different stages of bacterial growth which show great contrast to more traditional mRNA analysis obtained by RT-qPCR. Given the importance of SQases in global sulfur cycling and in human microbiota, these SQase ABPs provide a new tool with which to study SQase occurrence, activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Li
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle B Pickles
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin Melling
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Luise Pallasdies
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Li S, Hui L, Li J, Xi Y, Xu J, Wang L, Yin L. OsMGD1-Mediated Membrane Lipid Remodeling Improves Salt Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1474. [PMID: 38891283 PMCID: PMC11174947 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress severely reduces photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in adverse effects on crop growth and yield production. Two key thylakoid membrane lipid components, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were perturbed under salt stress. MGDG synthase 1 (MGD1) is one of the key enzymes for the synthesis of these galactolipids. To investigate the function of OsMGD1 in response to salt stress, the OsMGD1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (Ri) rice lines, and a wild type (WT), were used. Compared with WT, the OE lines showed higher chlorophyll content and biomass under salt stress. Besides this, the OE plants showed improved photosynthetic performance, including light absorption, energy transfer, and carbon fixation. Notably, the net photosynthetic rate and effective quantum yield of photosystem II in the OE lines increased by 27.5% and 25.8%, respectively, compared to the WT. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of OsMGD1 alleviated the negative effects of salt stress on photosynthetic membranes and oxidative defense by adjusting membrane lipid composition and fatty acid levels. In summary, OsMGD1-mediated membrane lipid remodeling enhanced salt tolerance in rice by maintaining membrane stability and optimizing photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lei Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jingchong Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Yuan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Linglong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (Y.X.); (J.X.)
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
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Hiyoshi T, Haga M, Sato N. Preferential phosphatidylglycerol synthesis via phosphorus supply through rRNA degradation in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, under phosphate-starved conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1335085. [PMID: 38348270 PMCID: PMC10859501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms often encounter phosphorus (P) limitation in natural habitats. When faced with P limitation, seed plants degrade nucleic acids and extra-plastid phospholipids to remobilize P, thereby enhancing their internal-P utilization efficiency. Although prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms decrease the content of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) under P-limited conditions, it remains unclear whether PG is degraded for P remobilization. Moreover, information is limited on internal-P remobilization in photosynthetic microbes. This study investigates internal-P remobilization under P-starvation (-P) conditions in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, focusing on PG and nucleic acids. Our results reveal that the PG content increases by more than double in the -P culture, indicating preferential PG synthesis among cellular P compounds. Simultaneously, the faster increases of glycolipids counteract this PG increase, which decreases the PG proportion in total lipids. Two genes, glpD and plsX, contribute to the synthesis of diacylglycerol moieties in glycerolipids, with glpD also responsible for the polar head group synthesis in PG. The mRNA levels of both glpD and plsX are upregulated during -P, which would cause the preferential metabolic flow of their P-containing substrates toward glycerolipid synthesis, particularly PG synthesis. Meanwhile, we find that RNA accounts for 62% of cellular P, and that rRNA species, which makes up the majority of RNA, are degraded under -P conditions to less than 30% of their initial levels. These findings emphasize the importance of PG in -P-acclimating cell growth and the role of rRNA as a significant internal-P source for P remobilization, including preferential PG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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Kobayashi K, Jimbo H, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in photosynthetic organisms. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101266. [PMID: 38040200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a unique phospholipid class with its indispensable role in photosynthesis and growth in land plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. PG is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts and a main lipid component in photosynthetic protein-cofactor complexes such as photosystem I and photosystem II. In plants and algae, PG is also essential as a substrate for the biosynthesis of cardiolipin, which is a unique lipid present only in mitochondrial membranes and crucial for the functions of mitochondria. PG biosynthesis pathways in plants include three membranous organelles, plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum in a complex manner. While the molecular biology underlying the role of PG in photosynthetic functions is well established, many enzymes responsible for the PG biosynthesis are only recently cloned and functionally characterized in the model plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The characterization of those enzymes helps understand not only the metabolic flow for PG production but also the crosstalk of biosynthesis pathways between PG and other lipids. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the understanding of the PG biosynthesis pathway and functions of involved enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Jimbo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Paboeuf G, Chonchon L, Barouh N, Vié V, Bourlieu C. Interfacial adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 onto heterogeneous plant lipid model membranes. Biochimie 2023; 215:12-23. [PMID: 37062468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase related-protein 2 (PLRP2) exhibits remarkable galactolipase and phospholipase A1 activities, which depend greatly on the supramolecular organization of the substrates and the presence of surfactant molecules such as bile salts. The objective of the study was to understand the modulation of the adsorption mechanisms and enzymatic activity of Guinea pig PLRP2 (gPLRP2), by the physical environment of the enzyme and the physical state of its substrate. Langmuir monolayers were used to reproduce homogeneous and heterogeneous photosynthetic model membranes containing galactolipids (GL), and/or phospholipids (PL), and/or phytosterols (pS), presenting uncharged or charged interfaces. The same lipid mixtures were also used to form micrometric liposomes, and their gPLRP2 catalyzed digestion kinetics were investigated in presence or in absence of bile salts (NaTDC) during static in vitro, so called "bulk", digestion. The enzymatic activity of gPLRP2 onto the galactolipid-based monolayers was characterized with an optimum activity at 15 mN/m, in the absence of bile salts. gPLRP2 showed enhanced adsorption onto biomimetic model monolayer containing negatively charged lipids. However, the compositional complexity in the heterogeneous uncharged model systems induced a lag phase before the initiation of lipolysis. In bulk, no enzymatic activity could be demonstrated on GL-based liposomes in the absence of bile salts, probably due to the high lateral pressure of the lipid bilayers. In the presence of NaTDC (4 mM), however, gPLRP2 showed both high galactolipase and moderate phospholipase A1 activities on liposomes, probably due to a decrease in packing and lateral pressure upon NaTDC adsorption, and subsequent disruption of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; INRAE/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, F34398, Montpellier, France; Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, Université de Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042, Rennes, France.
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Zuo ZF, Li Y, Mi XF, Li YL, Zhai CY, Yang GF, Wang ZY, Zhang K. Physiological and lipidomic response of exogenous choline chloride alleviating salt stress injury in Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269286. [PMID: 37719216 PMCID: PMC10501137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Choline participates in plant stress tolerance through glycine betaine (GB) and phospholipid metabolism. As a salt-sensitive turfgrass species, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is the main turfgrass species in cool-season areas. Methods To improve salinity tolerance and investigate the effects of choline on the physiological and lipidomic responses of turfgrass plants under salinity stress conditions, exogenous choline chloride was applied to Kentucky bluegrass exposed to salt stress. Results From physiological indicators, exogenous choline chloride could alleviate salt stress injury in Kentucky bluegrass. Lipid analysis showed that exogenous choline chloride under salt-stress conditions remodeled the content of phospholipids, glycolipids, and lysophospholipids. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine content were increased and phosphatidic acid content were decreased in plants after exogenous choline chloride under salt treatment. Plant leaf choline content increased, but GB was not detected in exogenous choline chloride treatment plants under nonstress or salt-stress conditions. Discussion GB synthesis pathway related genes showed no clear change to choline chloride treatment, whereas cytidyldiphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) pathway genes were upregulated by choline chloride treatment. These results reveal that lipid remodeling through choline metabolism plays an important role in the salt tolerance mechanism of Kentucky bluegrass. Furthermore, the lipids selected in this study could serve as biomarkers for further improvement of salt-sensitive grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Mesa-Marín J, Mateos-Naranjo E, Carreiras J, Feijão E, Duarte B, Matos AR, Betti M, Del Rio C, Romero-Bernal M, Montaner J, Redondo-Gómez S. Interactive Temperature and CO 2 Rise, Salinity, Drought, and Bacterial Inoculation Alter the Content of Fatty Acids, Total Phenols, and Oxalates in the Edible Halophyte Salicornia ramosissima. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1395. [PMID: 36987083 PMCID: PMC10058463 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the combined effect of increased temperature and atmospheric CO2, salt and drought stress, and inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth and some nutritional parameters of the edible halophyte Salicornia ramosissima. We found that the increase in temperature and atmospheric CO2, combined with salt and drought stresses, led to important changes in S. ramosissima fatty acids (FA), phenols, and oxalate contents, which are compounds of great importance for human health. Our results suggest that the S. ramosissima lipid profile will change in a future climate change scenario, and that levels of oxalate and phenolic compounds may change in response to salt and drought stress. The effect of inoculation with PGPR depended on the strains used. Some strains induced the accumulation of phenols in S. ramosissima leaves at higher temperature and CO2 while not altering FA profile but also led to an accumulation of oxalate under salt stress. In a climate change scenario, a combination of stressors (temperature, salinity, drought) and environmental conditions (atmospheric CO2, PGPR) will lead to important changes in the nutritional profiles of edible plants. These results may open new perspectives for the nutritional and economical valorization of S. ramosissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - João Carreiras
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Rio
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Romero-Bernal
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Jimbo H, Wada H. Deacylation of galactolipids decomposes photosystem II dimers to enhance degradation of damaged D1 protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:87-95. [PMID: 36189956 PMCID: PMC9806619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) contains many lipid molecules that are essential for the function and maintenance of PSII. Under strong light conditions, PSII complexes are dynamically modified during the repair process; however, the molecular mechanism of the dynamic changes in the PSII structure is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of a lipase in the repair of PSII in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We identified a protein encoded by the sll1969 gene, previously named lipase A (lipA), in the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 genome as a candidate for the lipase involved in PSII repair. Recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli cells hydrolyzed fatty acids at the sn-1 position of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol as well as triacylglycerol esterified with stearic acids. PSII repair in a disrupted mutant of the lipA gene was suppressed by the slow degradation of damaged D1 protein under strong light. The level of the PSII dimer remained higher in lipA mutant cells than wild-type (WT) cells under strong light. LipA protein was associated with the PSII dimer in vivo, and recombinant LipA protein decomposed PSII dimers purified from WT cells to monomers by reducing MGDG content in the PSII complex. These results indicate that LipA reacts with PSII dimers, dissociates them into monomers by digesting MGDG, and enhances D1 degradation during PSII repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Jimbo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Baek G, Lee H, Ko J, Choi HK. Exogenous melatonin enhances the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in Lemna aequinoctialis culture by modulating metabolic and lipidomic profiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:545. [PMID: 36434529 PMCID: PMC9701026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lemna species are cosmopolitan floating plants that have great application potential in the food/feed, pharmaceutical, phytoremediation, biofuel, and bioplastic industries. In this study, the effects of exogenous melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) on the growth and production of various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species were investigated in Lemna aequinoctialis culture. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the growth (total dry weight) of the Lemna aequinoctialis culture. Melatonin treatment also increased cellular production of metabolites including β-alanine, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, chlorophyll, glutamic acid, phytosterols, serotonin, and sucrose, and intact lipid species; digalactosyldiacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols. Among those metabolites, the productivity of campesterol (1.79 mg/L) and stigmasterol (10.94 mg/L) were the highest at day 28, when 10 µM melatonin was treated at day 7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melatonin treatment could be employed for enhanced production of biomass or various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species in large-scale L. aequinoctialis cultivation as a resource for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- GahYoung Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I complexed with ferredoxin at 1.97 Å resolution. Commun Biol 2022; 5:951. [PMID: 36097054 PMCID: PMC9467995 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a light driven electron pump transferring electrons from Cytochrome c6 (Cyt c6) to Ferredoxin (Fd). An understanding of this electron transfer process is hampered by a paucity of structural detail concerning PSI:Fd interface and the possible binding sites of Cyt c6. Here we describe the high resolution cryo-EM structure of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 PSI in complex with Fd and a loosely bound Cyt c6. Side chain interactions at the PSI:Fd interface including bridging water molecules are visualized in detail. The structure explains the properties of mutants of PsaE and PsaC that affect kinetics of Fd binding and suggests a molecular switch for the dissociation of Fd upon reduction. Calorimetry-based thermodynamic analyses confirms a single binding site for Fd and demonstrates that PSI:Fd complexation is purely driven by entropy. A possible reaction cycle for the efficient transfer of electrons from Cyt c6 to Fd via PSI is proposed. In order to aid the understanding of the electron transfer process within the cyanobacterial photosystem I, its structure - when complexed with Ferredoxin - is determined at 1.97 Å resolution.
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12
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Yuan G, Zou T, He Z, Xiao Q, Li G, Liu S, Xiong P, Chen H, Peng K, Zhang X, Luo T, Zhou D, Yang S, Zhou F, Zhang K, Zheng K, Han Y, Zhu J, Liang Y, Deng Q, Wang S, Sun C, Yu X, Liu H, Wang L, Li P, Li S. SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 is required for tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:352-370. [PMID: 35748750 PMCID: PMC9434214 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall is important for protecting the male gametophyte and for fertilization. The lipid components of the pollen wall are mainly synthesized and transported from the sporophytic tapetum. Although several factors related to lipid biosynthesis have been characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid biosynthesis during pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain elusive. Here, we showed that mutation in the SWOLLEN TAPETUM AND STERILITY 1 (STS1) gene causes delayed tapetum degradation and aborted pollen wall formation in rice. STS1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein that contains domain of unknown function (DUF) 726 and exhibits lipase activity. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that STS1 is involved in anther lipid homeostasis. Moreover, STS1 interacts with Polyketide Synthase 2 (OsPKS2) and Acyl-CoA Synthetase 12 (OsACOS12), two enzymes crucial in lipidic sporopollenin biosynthesis in pollen wall formation, suggesting a potentially lipidic metabolon for sporopollenin biosynthesis in rice. Collectively, our results indicate that STS1 is an important factor for lipid biosynthesis in reproduction, providing a target for the artificial control of male fertility in hybrid rice breeding and insight into the function of DUF726-containing protein in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pingping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaiyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- Author for correspondence: (S.L.), (P.L.)
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Chadova O, Skriptsova A, Velansky P. Effect of Temperature and Light Intensity on the Polar Lipidome of Endophytic Brown Algae Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:428. [PMID: 35877721 PMCID: PMC9320489 DOI: 10.3390/md20070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature and light intensity on the polar lipidome of endophytic brown algae Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. in vitro was investigated. More than 460 molecular species have been identified in four glycoglycerolipids classes, five phosphoglycerolipids classes and one betaine lipid class. The lipids glucuronosyldiacylglycerol and diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl-homoserine were found in the algae of the order Ectocarpales for the first time. A decrease in cultivation temperature led to an increase in the unsaturation level in all classes of polar lipids. Thus, at low temperatures, the content of 18:4/18:4 monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), 20:5/18:4 digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 18:3/16:0 sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), 18:3/18:3 and 18:3/18:4 phosphatidylglycerol (PG), 20:4/20:5 and 20:5/20:5 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 14:0/20:5, 16:0/20:5 and 20:5/20:5 phosphatidylcholine (PC), 20:5/20:4 phosphatidylhydroxyethylglycine and 18:1/18:2 DGTS increased. At high temperatures, an increase in the content of chloroplast-derived MGDG, DGDG and PG was observed. Both low and high light intensities caused an increase in 20:5/18:3 MGDG and 18:3/16:1 PG. At low light intensity, the content of DGDG with fatty acid (FA) 18:3 increased, and at high light intensity, it was with FA 20:5. The molecular species composition of extraplastid lipids also showed a dependence on light intensity. Thus, the content of PC and PE species with C20-polyunsaturated FA at both sn-positions, 18:1/18:1 DGTS and 16:0/18:1 phosphatidylinositol increased. Low light intensity induced a significant increase in the content of chloroplast-derived 18:1/16:1 phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Chadova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.); (P.V.)
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Kergomard J, Carrière F, Paboeuf G, Artzner F, Barouh N, Bourlieu C, Vié V. Interfacial organization and phase behavior of mixed galactolipid-DPPC-phytosterol assemblies at the air-water interface and in hydrated mesophases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112646. [PMID: 35763897 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The structural behavior of model assemblies composed of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the two main galactolipids found in plants, was investigated at the air/water interface and in aqueous dispersion. To approach the composition of the natural photosynthetic membranes, tunable Langmuir model membrane of galactolipids (GL) were used, and were complexified to form either heterogenous binary or ternary assemblies of GL, phospholipids (PL), and phytosterols (pS). The impact of pS, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or both on the structural properties of GL membrane was studied. The nature of the interactions between the different molecules was investigated using biophysical characterizations (ellipsometry, tensiometry, atomic force microscopy). In addition, the phase behavior was determined by SAXS analysis on the model assemblies in aqueous dispersions. Results revealed the good interfacial stability of these specific plant membrane lipids. The morphology of the GL film was characteristic of a fluid phase, with an interfacial roughness induced by the intercalation of monogalactosyl and digalactosyl polar heads of MGDG and DGDG, respectively. A phase heterogeneity in the monolayer was induced by the addition of DPPC and/or pS, which resulted in the modification of galactolipid organization and headgroup interactions. These structural changes were confirmed by SAXS analysis, showing more favorable interactions between MGDG and DPPC than between DGDG and DPPC in aqueous dispersion. This phenomenon was exacerbated in the presence of pS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Kergomard
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France; INRAE/CIRAD/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Paboeuf
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France
| | - Franck Artzner
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, F34398 Montpellier, France; Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- INRAE/CIRAD/UM/Institut Agro Montpellier UMR 1208 IATE, France
| | - Véronique Vié
- IPR Institute of Physics, UMR UR1 CNRS 6251, Rennes 1 University, France; Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35042 Renne, France.
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15
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Hassan MJ, Qi H, Cheng B, Hussain S, Peng Y, Liu W, Feng G, Zhao J, Li Z. Enhanced Adaptability to Limited Water Supply Regulated by Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate (DA-6) Associated With Lipidomic Reprogramming in Two White Clover Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879331. [PMID: 35668812 PMCID: PMC9163823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid reprogramming is one of the most important adaptive strategies in plant species under unfavorable environmental circumstances. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel synthetic plant growth regulator, on oxidative damage, photosynthetic performance, changes in lipidomic profile, and unsaturation index of lipids in two white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars (drought-sensitive "Ladino" and drought-resistant "Riverdel") under PEG-6000-induced water-deficit stress. Results revealed that water-deficit stress significantly enhanced oxidative damage and decreased photosynthetic functions in both cultivars. However, the damage was less in Riverdel. In addition, water-deficit stress significantly decreased the relative content of monogalactocyl-diacylglycerols (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), phosphatidic acisd (PA), phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PE), phosphatidyl-glycerols (PG), phosphatidyl-serines (PS), ceramides (Cer), hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer), sphingomyelins (SM), and sphingosines (Sph) in both cultivars, but a more pronounced decline was observed in Ladino. Exogenous application of DA-6 significantly increased the relative content of digalactocyl-diacylglycerols (DGDG), monogalactocyl-diacylglycerolsabstra (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PE), phosphatidyl-glycerols (PG), phosphatidyl-inositols (PI), phosphatidyl-serines (PS), ceramides (Cer), hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer), neutral glycosphingolipids (CerG2GNAc1), and sphingosines (Sph) in the two cultivars under water-deficit stress. DA-6-treated Riverdel exhibited a significantly higher DGDG:MGDG ratio and relative content of sphingomyelins (SM) than untreated plants in response to water deficiency. Furthermore, the DA-6-pretreated plants increased the unsaturation index of phosphatidic acids (PA) and phosphatidylinositols (PI) in Ladino, ceramides (Cer) and hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer) in Riverdel, and sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG) in both cultivars under water stress. These results suggested that DA-6 regulated drought resistance in white clover could be associated with increased lipid content and reprogramming, higher DGDG:MGDG ratio, and improved unsaturation index of lipids, contributing to enhanced membrane stability, integrity, fluidity, and downstream signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyin Qi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shafiq Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Wang H, Yang L, Wang X, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Comprehensive Lipidomic Analysis of Three Edible Brown Seaweeds Based on Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4138-4151. [PMID: 35343232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed onto three edible brown seaweeds, namely Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Scagassum natans, using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). In total, 675 lipid molecules, including glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids, sphingolipids (SLs), betaine lipids, and glycerolipids, were identified and semiquantified. With the exception of the high content of diacylglycerols found in L. japonica (54.6% of total lipids), GLs were the dominant component in the three brown seaweeds (27.7-56.7% of total lipids), containing a high proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid. Interestingly, SLs represented by ceramide and hexosylceramide containing phytosphingosine and α-hydroxy fatty acid structures were detected in the three brown seaweeds. A large number of acylated GLs were identified and reported for the first time in these seaweeds, including acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and acylated digalactosyldiacylglycerol containing nonoxidized fatty acids. The bioactive lipids identified herein could be considered potential biomarkers for identifying these seaweeds, evaluating their nutritional value and further promoting their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China
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Snow AJ, Sharma M, Lingford JP, Zhang Y, W.-Y.Mui J, Epa R, Goddard-Borger ED, Williams SJ, Davies GJ. The sulfoquinovosyl glycerol binding protein SmoF binds and accommodates plant sulfolipids. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 4:51-58. [PMID: 35341160 PMCID: PMC8940949 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Sun M, Liu X, Gao H, Zhang B, Peng F, Xiao Y. Phosphatidylcholine Enhances Homeostasis in Peach Seedling Cell Membrane and Increases Its Salt Stress Tolerance by Phosphatidic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052585. [PMID: 35269728 PMCID: PMC8910501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major adverse abiotic factor seriously affecting fruit tree growth and development. It ultimately lowers fruit quality and reduces yield. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an important cell membrane component that is critical for cell structure and membrane stability maintenance. In this study, we found that the addition of external PC sources significantly increased the tolerance of one-year-old peach trees, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., to salt stress and attenuated their damage. The effect of exogenous application of 200 mg/L PC exerted the most significant positive effect. Its use caused seedling leaf stomatal opening, contributing to normal gas exchange. Moreover, beneficial effects were exerted also to the root system, which grew normally under salt stress. Meanwhile, phospholipase D activity in the cell was promoted. The production of phosphatidic acid (PA) was enhanced by increased decomposition of phospholipids; PA serves as a secondary messenger involved in plant biological process regulation and the reduction in the reactive oxygen species- and peroxide-induced damage caused by salt stress. The possible mechanism of action is via promoted plant osmotic regulation and tolerance to salt stress, reducing salt stress-induced injury to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Futian Peng
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-13563821651 (F.P.); +86-15163873786 (Y.X.)
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-13563821651 (F.P.); +86-15163873786 (Y.X.)
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Oxidative desulfurization pathway for complete catabolism of sulfoquinovose by bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116022119. [PMID: 35074914 PMCID: PMC8795539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoquinovose, a sulfosugar derivative of glucose, is produced by most photosynthetic organisms and contains up to half of all sulfur in the biosphere. Several pathways for its breakdown are known, though they provide access to only half of the carbon in sulfoquinovose and none of its sulfur. Here, we describe a fundamentally different pathway within the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens that features oxidative desulfurization of sulfoquinovose to access all carbon and sulfur within the molecule. Biochemical and structural analyses of the pathway’s key proteins provided insights how the sulfosugar is recognized and degraded. Genes encoding this sulfoquinovose monooxygenase pathway are present in many plant pathogens and symbionts, alluding to a possible role for sulfoquinovose in plant host–bacteria interactions. Catabolism of sulfoquinovose (SQ; 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose), the ubiquitous sulfosugar produced by photosynthetic organisms, is an important component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. Here, we describe a pathway for SQ degradation that involves oxidative desulfurization to release sulfite and enable utilization of the entire carbon skeleton of the sugar to support the growth of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. SQ or its glycoside sulfoquinovosyl glycerol are imported into the cell by an ATP-binding cassette transporter system with an associated SQ binding protein. A sulfoquinovosidase hydrolyzes the SQ glycoside and the liberated SQ is acted on by a flavin mononucleotide-dependent sulfoquinovose monooxygenase, in concert with an NADH-dependent flavin reductase, to release sulfite and 6-oxo-glucose. An NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase reduces the 6-oxo-glucose to glucose, enabling entry into primary metabolic pathways. Structural and biochemical studies provide detailed insights into the recognition of key metabolites by proteins in this pathway. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that the sulfoquinovose monooxygenase pathway is distributed across Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria and is especially prevalent within the Rhizobiales order. This strategy for SQ catabolism is distinct from previously described pathways because it enables the complete utilization of all carbons within SQ by a single organism with concomitant production of inorganic sulfite.
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Snow AJD, Burchill L, Sharma M, Davies GJ, Williams SJ. Sulfoglycolysis: catabolic pathways for metabolism of sulfoquinovose. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13628-13645. [PMID: 34816844 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovose (SQ), a derivative of glucose with a C6-sulfonate, is produced by photosynthetic organisms and is the headgroup of the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. The degradation of SQ allows recycling of its elemental constituents and is important in the global sulfur and carbon biogeochemical cycles. Degradation of SQ by bacteria is achieved through a range of pathways that fall into two main groups. One group involves scission of the 6-carbon skeleton of SQ into two fragments with metabolic utilization of carbons 1-3 and excretion of carbons 4-6 as dihydroxypropanesulfonate or sulfolactate that is biomineralized to sulfite/sulfate by other members of the microbial community. The other involves the complete metabolism of SQ by desulfonylation involving cleavage of the C-S bond to release sulfite and glucose, the latter of which can enter glycolysis. The discovery of sulfoglycolytic pathways has revealed a wide range of novel enzymes and SQ binding proteins. Biochemical and structural characterization of the proteins and enzymes in these pathways have illuminated how the sulfonate group is recognized by Nature's catalysts, supporting bioinformatic annotation of sulfoglycolytic enzymes, and has identified functional and structural relationships with the pathways of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J D Snow
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Laura Burchill
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. .,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Zhukova NV, Yakovleva IM. Low light acclimation strategy of the brown macroalga Undaria pinnatifida: Significance of lipid and fatty acid remodeling for photosynthetic competence. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1792-1804. [PMID: 34486722 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae, being important components of benthic communities in temperate regions, are frequently subjected to light limitation. To extend our understanding of their low light acclimation strategies to the regulation of membrane lipid environment, photosynthetic characteristics, lipid class, fatty acid profiles and chloroplast ultrastructure were compared in Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) after long-term exposure to low and moderate light intensities (LL, 100 and ML, 280 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ). We show that light limitation significantly increased PSII quantum efficiency and photosynthetic electron transport rate, enhanced pigment contents and concentration of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts but decreased the distance between the thylakoid stacks. These physiological alterations at LL were accompanied by a selective remodeling of thylakoid membrane lipids driven by increases in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) contents. Light limitation also induced active production of PG specific trans-Δ3 -hexadecenoic acid and accumulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mostly in PG and MGDG at the expense of the rise in 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3, 18:4n-3, respectively. These changes in lipid and FA profiles are apparently responsible for supporting thylakoid biogenesis and efficient photosynthesis at light limitation, thus contributing to photoacclimation strategies in brown algae. The content of triacylglycerols (TAG) and the level of their PUFA were decreased at LL, suggesting the consumption of TAG as a source of PUFA and energy reserves. Thus, U. pinnatifida is able to successfully overcome periods of low irradiance through the effective light harvesting and utilization that are provided by high flexibility of lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Irina M Yakovleva
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
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22
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Abstract
Objectives: The beneficial role of ROS was probably in promoting intercellular communication by modifying membrane constituents [Liang D. A salutary role of reactive oxygen species in intercellular tunnel-mediated communication. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018;6:2]. We investigated how the membrane lipids were responding to ROS and ROS inhibitors. Methods: To examine how ROS affected the lipid profiles, we used thin-layer chromatography to characterize lipid profiles in Arabidopsis plants. Then, the confocal microscopy imaging was used to confirm the change of membrane lipid in a plasma membrane marker line exposed to ROS and ROS inhibitors. Results: We found the relative contents of most lipids in H2O2-treated Arabidopsis plants were increased in roots, rather than in shoots. The increased fluorescent signal of membrane marker induced by H2O2 was mainly enriched in the conductive parts of roots. Several ROS inhibitors also strongly affected the lipid profiles. Among them, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) can progressively change the lipid profiles with treatment going on. Membrane marker signal was mainly accumulated in the root tips and epidermal cells after treatment by DDC. Discussion: H2O2 may enhance intercellular communication by inducing different lipid species in the conductive parts of roots. The lipid profiles were widely responding to various ROS reagents and might play a role in intercellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuying Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Montero O, Velasco M, Miñón J, Marks EAN, Sanz-Arranz A, Rad C. Differential Membrane Lipid Profiles and Vibrational Spectra of Three Edaphic Algae and One Cyanobacterium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11277. [PMID: 34681936 PMCID: PMC8538821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane glycerolipids of four phototrophs that were isolated from an edaphic assemblage were determined by UPLC-MS after cultivation in a laboratory growth chamber. Identification was carried out by 18S and 16S rDNA sequencing. The algal species were Klebsormidium flaccidum (Charophyta), Oocystis sp. (Chlorophyta), and Haslea spicula (Bacillariophyta), and the cyanobacterium was Microcoleus vaginatus (Cyanobacteria). The glycerolipid profile of Oocystis sp. was dominated by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species, with MGDG(18:3/16:4) accounting for 68.6%, whereas MGDG(18:3/16:3) was the most abundant glycerolipid in K. flaccidum (50.1%). A ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species to MGDG species (DGDG/MGDG) was shown to be higher in K. flaccidum (0.26) than in Oocystis sp. (0.14). This ratio increased under high light (HL) as compared to low light (LL) in all the organisms, with its highest value being shown in cyanobacterium (0.38-0.58, LL-HL). High contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and hexadecenoic acid were observed in the glycerolipids of H. spicula. Similar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were found for K. flaccidum and Oocystis sp. Specific bands at 1629.06 and 1582.78 cm-1 were shown by M. vaginatus in the Raman spectra. Conversely, specific bands in the FTIR spectrum were observed for H. spicula at 1143 and 1744 cm-1. The results of this study point out differences in the membrane lipid composition between species, which likely reflects their different morphology and evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpio Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Marta Velasco
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Sanz y Forés Str. 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Miñón
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Evan A. N. Marks
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-University of Central Catalonia, Edifici Can Baumann, Crta. de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Sanz-Arranz
- Department of Fisica de la Materia Condensada, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rad
- Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.M.); (C.R.)
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24
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Lesser MP. Eutrophication on Coral Reefs: What Is the Evidence for Phase Shifts, Nutrient Limitation and Coral Bleaching. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coral reefs continue to experience extreme environmental pressure from climate change stressors, but many coral reefs are also exposed to eutrophication. It has been proposed that changes in the stoichiometry of ambient nutrients increase the mortality of corals, whereas eutrophication may facilitate phase shifts to macroalgae-dominated coral reefs when herbivory is low or absent. But are corals ever nutrient limited, and can eutrophication destabilize the coral symbiosis making it more sensitive to environmental stress because of climate change? The effects of eutrophication are confounded not just by the effects of climate change but by the presence of chemical pollutants in industrial, urban, and agricultural wastes. Because of these confounding effects, the increases in nutrients or changes in their stoichiometry in coastal environments, although they are important at the organismal and community level, cannot currently be disentangled from each other or from the more significant effects of climate change stressors on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Lesser
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States
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25
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Barón-Sola Á, Toledo-Basantes M, Arana-Gandía M, Martínez F, Ortega-Villasante C, Dučić T, Yousef I, Hernández LE. Synchrotron Radiation-Fourier Transformed Infrared microspectroscopy (μSR-FTIR) reveals multiple metabolism alterations in microalgae induced by cadmium and mercury. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126502. [PMID: 34214848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) represent a threat to photosynthetic organisms of polluted aquatic ecosystems, and knowledge about mechanisms of toxicity is essential for appropriate assessment of environmental risks. We used Synchrotron Radiation-Fourier Transformed Infrared microspectroscopy (μSR-FTIR) to characterise major changes of biomolecules caused by Cd and Hg in the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. μSR-FTIR showed several metabolic alterations in different biochemical groups such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in a time-dose dependent manner, with the strongest changes occurring at concentrations above 10 μM Cd and 15 μM Hg after short-term (24 h) treatments. This occurred in a context where metals triggered intracellular oxidative stress and chloroplast damage, along with autophagy induction by overexpressing AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8 (ATG8). Thin layer chromatography analysis confirmed that toxic metals promoted remarkable changes in lipid profile, with higher degree of esterified fatty acid unsaturation as detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Under Cd stress, there was specifically higher unsaturation of free fatty acids, while Hg led to stronger unsaturation in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. μSR-FTIR spectroscopy proved as a valuable tool to identify biochemical alterations in microalgae, information that could be exploited to optimise approaches for metal decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Barón-Sola
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Toledo-Basantes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arana-Gandía
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Flor Martínez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortega-Villasante
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanja Dučić
- CELLS ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibraheem Yousef
- CELLS ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis E Hernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology/Research Centre for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Specific Incorporation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids into the sn-2 Position of Phosphatidylglycerol Accelerates Photodamage to Photosystem II under Strong Light. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910432. [PMID: 34638772 PMCID: PMC8508968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are generated by the reaction of lipases with membrane lipids. Generated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing more than two double bonds have toxic effects in photosynthetic organisms. In the present study, we examined the effect of exogenous FFAs in the growth medium on the activity of photosystem II (PSII) under strong light in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis). PUFAs but not monounsaturated fatty acids accelerated the rate of photodamage to PSII by inactivating electron transfer at the oxygen-evolving complex. Moreover, supplemented PUFAs were specifically incorporated into the sn-2 position of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), which usually contains C16 fatty acids at the sn-2 position in Synechocystis cells. The disruption of the gene for an acyl-ACP synthetase reduced the effect of PUFAs on the photoinhibition of PSII. Thus, the specific incorporation of PUFAs into PG molecules requires acyl-ACP synthetase and leads to an unstable PSII, thereby accelerating photodamage to PSII. Our results are a breakthrough into elucidating the molecular mechanism of the toxicity of PUFAs to photosynthetic organisms.
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27
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Klińska S, Kędzierska S, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Banaś A. In Vitro Growth Conditions Boost Plant Lipid Remodelling and Influence Their Composition. Cells 2021; 10:2326. [PMID: 34571973 PMCID: PMC8472737 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-lipids are vital components for all life functions of plants. They are widely studied using often in vitro conditions to determine inter alia the impact of genetic modifications and the description of biochemical and physiological functions of enzymes responsible for acyl-lipid metabolism. What is currently lacking is knowledge of if these results also hold in real environments-in in vivo conditions. Our study focused on the comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo growth conditions and their impact on the acyl-lipid metabolism of Camelina sativa leaves. The results indicate that in vitro conditions significantly decreased the lipid contents and influenced their composition. In in vitro conditions, galactolipid and trienoic acid (16:3 and 18:3) contents significantly declined, indicating the impairment of the prokaryotic pathway. Discrepancies also exist in the case of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). Their activity increased about 2-7 times in in vitro conditions compared to in vivo. In vitro conditions also substantially changed LPLATs' preferences towards acyl-CoA. Additionally, the acyl editing process was three times more efficient in in vitro leaves. The provided evidence suggests that the results of acyl-lipid research from in vitro conditions may not completely reflect and be directly applicable in real growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (S.K.); (K.J.-G.); (A.B.)
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28
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Yu H, Hamaguchi T, Nakajima Y, Kato K, Kawakami K, Akita F, Yonekura K, Shen JR. Cryo-EM structure of monomeric photosystem II at 2.78 Å resolution reveals factors important for the formation of dimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148471. [PMID: 34216574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) functions mainly as a dimer to catalyze the light energy conversion and water oxidation reactions. However, monomeric PSII also exists and functions in vivo in some cases. The crystal structure of monomeric PSII has been solved at 3.6 Å resolution, but it is still not clear which factors contribute to the formation of the dimer. Here, we solved the structure of PSII monomer at a resolution of 2.78 Å using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). From our cryo-EM density map, we observed apparent differences in pigments and lipids in the monomer-monomer interface between the PSII monomer and dimer. One β-carotene and two sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) molecules are found in the monomer-monomer interface of the dimer structure but not in the present monomer structure, although some SQDG and other lipid molecules are found in the analogous region of the low-resolution crystal structure of the monomer, or cryo-EM structure of an apo-PSII monomer lacking the extrinsic proteins from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In the current monomer structure, a large part of the PsbO subunit was also found to be disordered. These results indicate the importance of the β-carotene, SQDG and PsbO in formation of the PSII dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Yu
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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29
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Wang J, Yu LJ, Wang W, Yan Q, Kuang T, Qin X, Shen JR. Structure of plant photosystem I-light harvesting complex I supercomplex at 2.4 Å resolution. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1367-1381. [PMID: 33788400 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiujing Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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30
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Manna P, Davies T, Hoffmann M, Johnson MP, Schlau-Cohen GS. Membrane-dependent heterogeneity of LHCII characterized using single-molecule spectroscopy. Biophys J 2021; 120:3091-3102. [PMID: 34214527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In green plants, light harvesting complex of Photosystem II (LHCII) absorbs and transports excitation energy toward the photosynthetic reaction centers and serves as a site for energy-dependent nonphotochemical quenching (qE), the photoprotective dissipation of energy as heat. LHCII is thought to activate dissipation through conformational changes that change the photophysical behaviors. Understanding this balance requires a characterization of how the conformations of LHCII, and thus its photophysics, are influenced by individual factors within the membrane environment. Here, we used ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence to characterize the excited-state lifetimes and switching kinetics of LHCII embedded in nanodisc- and liposome-based model membranes of various sizes and lipid compositions. As the membrane area decreased, the quenched population and the rate of conformational dynamics both increased because of interactions with other proteins, the aqueous solution, and/or disordered lipids. Although the conformational states and dynamics were similar in both thylakoid and asolectin lipids, photodegradation increased with thylakoid lipids, likely because of their charge and pressure properties. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the ability of membrane environments to tune the conformations and photophysics of LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premashis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Davies
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Madeline Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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31
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Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061204. [PMID: 34199229 PMCID: PMC8231895 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.
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Cavaco AR, Laureano G, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Fatty acid modulation and desaturase gene expression are differentially triggered in grapevine incompatible interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:230-238. [PMID: 33862502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is prone to fungal and oomycete diseases. Downy and powdery mildews and grey mold, are caused by Plasmopara viticola, Erisiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. P. viticola and E. necator are obligatory biotrophs whereas B. cinerea is a necrotroph. In tolerant grapevine cultivars, plant-pathogen interaction induces defence responses, including metabolite and protein accumulation and hypersensitive reaction. Lipid and lipid-derived molecules may have a key role in the activation of defence mechanisms. Previous results suggest that V. vinifera cv Regent tolerance to P. viticola may be mediated in the first hours post inoculation by fatty acid (FA) associated signalling. In the present study we characterized FA modulation in V. vinifera cv Regent leaves upon inoculation with P. viticola, E. necator and B. cinerea and correlated FA modulation with the expression profiles of genes encoding the FA desaturases FAD6 and FAD8. In all the interactions, a progressive desaturation of stearic acid to α-linolenic acid, precursor of jasmonic acid, occurred, which was observed for a longer period against B. cinerea. Our results provide evidence of a distinct FA meditated signalling pattern in grapevine interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. While the interaction with the biotrophs may trigger a higher synthesis of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at early time-points with a tendency to return to basal levels, the interaction with B. cinerea may trigger a later and more durable induction of PUFA synthesis. In all interactions, membrane fluidity modulation occurred, which may be crucial to maintain cellular function during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Laureano
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lopes D, Melo T, Rey F, Costa E, Moreira AS, Abreu MH, Domingues P, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Rosário Domingues M. Insights of species-specific polar lipidome signatures of seaweeds fostering their valorization in the blue bioeconomy. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sikorskaya TV, Efimova KV, Imbs AB. Lipidomes of phylogenetically different symbiotic dinoflagellates of corals. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112579. [PMID: 33166751 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structural base of all membranes of symbiotic dinoflagellates (SD) is composed of glycolipids and betaine lipids, whereas triacylglycerols (TG) constitute an energy reserve and are involved in biosynthesis of glycolipids. Since data on the SD lipidome and the host's influence on symbionts' lipidome are scanty, we analyzed and compared the lipidomes of SD isolated from the zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa and the alcyonarian Sinularia heterospiculata. A sequencing of nuclear gene regions showed that both cnidarians hosted the dinoflagellates Cladocopium sp. (subclades C1 and C3), but the zoantharian also contained the dinoflagellates Durusdinium trenchii (clade D). The presence of the thermotolerant D. trenchii resulted in a higher unsaturation of mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG and DGDG), but a lower unsaturation of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). The same features were earlier described for same SD from a reef-building coral. Hence, the profile of glycolipid molecules, which form SD thylakoid membranes, seems to be species-specific and does not depend on the host's taxonomic position. In contrast, the betaine lipid molecular species profile of diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC), which forms SD cell membranes, can be influenced by the host. The profiles of the TG molecular species from freshly isolated SD have been determined for the first time. These molecular species can be divided on the basis of the acyl group in sn-2 position. The TG with 16:0 acyl group in sn-2 position may enrich total TG of a cnidarian colony and originate from SD cytoplasm. In contrast, TG 18:3/18:4/18:3 may be biosynthetically related with DGDG and concentrated in SD plastoglobules. Our data may be useful for further investigations of natural and technogenic variations in microalgal lipids and symbiont-host interactions in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Kseniya V Efimova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Aquatic Organisms, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey B Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Liu A, Xiao Z, Wang Z, Lam HM, Chye ML. Galactolipid and Phospholipid Profile and Proteome Alterations in Soybean Leaves at the Onset of Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644408. [PMID: 33815451 PMCID: PMC8010258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major environmental factor that constrains soybean yield and grain quality. Given our past observations using the salt-sensitive soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) accession C08 on its early responses to salinity and salt-induced transcriptomic modifications, the aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile changes in this cultivar before and after short-term salt stress, and to explore the adaptive mechanisms underpinning lipid homeostasis. To this end, lipid profiling and proteomic analyses were performed on the leaves of soybean seedlings subjected to salt treatment for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h. Our results revealed that short-term salt stress caused dynamic lipid alterations resulting in recycling for both galactolipids and phospholipids. A comprehensive understanding of membrane lipid adaption following salt treatment was achieved by combining time-dependent lipidomic and proteomic data. Proteins involved in phosphoinositide synthesis and turnover were upregulated at the onset of salt treatment. Salinity-induced lipid recycling was shown to enhance jasmonic acid and phosphatidylinositol biosyntheses. Our study demonstrated that salt stress resulted in a remodeling of membrane lipid composition and an alteration in membrane lipids associated with lipid signaling and metabolism in C08 leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhixia Xiao
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Hon-Ming Lam,
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Mee-Len Chye,
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Nami F, Tian L, Huber M, Croce R, Pandit A. Lipid and protein dynamics of stacked and cation-depletion induced unstacked thylakoid membranes. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100015. [PMID: 37082020 PMCID: PMC10074959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae form 3D architectures of stacked granal membranes interconnected by unstacked stroma lamellae. They undergo dynamic structural changes as a response to changing light conditions that involve grana unstacking and lateral supramolecular reorganization of the integral membrane protein complexes. We assessed the dynamics of thylakoid membrane components and addressed how they are affected by thylakoid unstacking, which has consequences for protein mobility and the diffusion of small electron carriers. By a combined nuclear and electron paramagnetic-resonance approach the dynamics of thylakoid lipids was assessed in stacked and cation-depletion induced unstacked thylakoids of Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii. We could distinguish between structural, bulk and annular lipids and determine membrane fluidity at two membrane depths: close to the lipid headgroups and in the lipid bilayer center. Thylakoid unstacking significantly increased the dynamics of bulk and annular lipids in both areas and increased the dynamics of protein helices. The unstacking process was associated with membrane reorganization and loss of long-range ordered Photosystem II- Light-Harvesting Complex II (PSII-LHCII) complexes. The fluorescence lifetime characteristics associated with membrane unstacking are similar to those associated with state transitions in intact C. reinhardtii cells. Our findings could be relevant for understanding the structural and functional implications of thylakoid unstacking that is suggested to take place during several light-induced processes, such as state transitions, photoacclimation, photoinhibition and PSII repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Nami
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lijin Tian
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author:
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Duarte B, Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Silva M, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Marques JC, Caçador I, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF. Effects of Propranolol on Growth, Lipids and Energy Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Response of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120478. [PMID: 33353054 PMCID: PMC7766914 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the past two decades, increasing attention has been directed to investigate the incidence and consequences of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Propranolol is a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker used in large quantities worldwide to treat cardiovascular conditions. Diatoms (model organism) exposed to this compound showed evident signs of oxidative stress, a significant reduction of the autotrophic O2 production and an increase in the heterotrophic mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, diatoms exposed to propranolol showed a consumption of its storage lipids. In ecological terms this will have cascading impacts in the marine trophic webs, where these organisms are key elements, through a reduction of the water column oxygenation and essential fatty acid availability to the heterotrophic organisms that depend on these primary producers. In ecotoxicological terms, diatoms photochemical and fatty acid traits showed to be potential good biomarkers for toxicity assessment of diatoms exposed to this widespread pharmaceutical compound. Abstract Present demographic trends suggest a rise in the contributions of human pharmaceuticals into coastal ecosystems, underpinning an increasing demand to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects and implications of drug residues in marine risk assessments. Propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker, is used worldwide to treat high blood pressure conditions and other related cardiovascular conditions. Although diatoms lack β-adrenoceptors, this microalgal group presents receptor-like kinases and proteins with a functional analogy to the animal receptors and that can be targeted by propranolol. In the present work, the authors evaluated the effect of this non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker in diatom cells using P. tricornutum as a model organism, to evaluate the potential effect of this compound in cell physiology (growth, lipids and energy metabolism and oxidative stress) and its potential relevance for marine ecosystems. Propranolol exposure leads to a significant reduction in diatom cell growth, more evident in the highest concentrations tested. This is likely due to the observed impairment of the main primary photochemistry processes and the enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory activity. More specifically, propranolol decreased the energy transduction from photosystem II (PSII) to the electron transport chain, leading to an increase in oxidative stress levels. Cells exposed to propranolol also exhibited high-dissipated energy flux, indicating that this excessive energy is efficiently diverted, to some extent, from the photosystems, acting to prevent irreversible photoinhibition. As energy production is impaired at the PSII donor side, preventing energy production through the electron transport chain, diatoms appear to be consuming storage lipids as an energy backup system, to maintain essential cellular functions. This consumption will be attained by an increase in respiratory activity. Considering the primary oxygen production and consumption pathways, propranolol showed a significant reduction of the autotrophic O2 production and an increase in the heterotrophic mitochondrial respiration. Both mechanisms can have negative effects on marine trophic webs, due to a decrease in the energetic input from marine primary producers and a simultaneous oxygen production decrease for heterotrophic species. In ecotoxicological terms, bio-optical and fatty acid data appear as highly efficient tools for ecotoxicity assessment, with an overall high degree of classification when these traits are used to build a toxicological profile, instead of individually assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A. Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Marisa Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sara C. Novais
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (S.C.N.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (S.C.N.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Aldeide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Vanessa F. Fonseca
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.F.); (R.C.d.C.); (I.A.D.); (M.S.); (I.C.); (P.R.-S.); (V.F.F.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Tikhonov AN, Vershubskii AV. Temperature-dependent regulation of electron transport and ATP synthesis in chloroplasts in vitro and in silico. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:299-329. [PMID: 32780309 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The significance of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) is determined by the fact that plant temperature changes with environmental temperature. In this work, we present a brief overview of temperature-dependent regulation of photosynthetic processes in class B chloroplasts (thylakoids) and analyze these processes using a computer model that takes into account the key stages of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis. The rate constants of partial reactions were parametrized on the basis of experimental temperature dependences of partial photosynthetic processes: (1) photosystem II (PSII) turnover and plastoquinone (PQ) reduction, (2) the plastoquinol (PQH2) oxidation by the cytochrome (Cyt) b6f complex, (3) the ATP synthase activity, and (4) the proton leak from the thylakoid lumen. We consider that PQH2 oxidation is the rate-limiting step in the intersystem electron transport. The parametrization of the rate constants of these processes is based on earlier experimental data demonstrating strong correlations between the functional and structural properties of thylakoid membranes that were probed with the lipid-soluble spin labels embedded into the membranes. Within the framework of our model, we could adequately describe a number of experimental temperature dependences of photosynthetic reactions in thylakoids. Computer modeling of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis supports the notion that PQH2 oxidation by the Cyt b6f complex and proton pumping into the lumen are the basic temperature-dependent processes that determine the overall electron flux from PSII to molecular oxygen and the net ATP synthesis upon variations of temperature. The model describes two branches of the temperature dependence of the post-illumination reduction of [Formula: see text] characterized by different activation energies (about 60 and ≤ 3.5 kJ mol-1). The model predicts the bell-like temperature dependence of ATP formation, which arises from the balance of several factors: (1) the thermo-induced acceleration of electron transport through the Cyt b6f complex, (2) deactivation of PSII photochemistry at sufficiently high temperatures, and (3) acceleration of the passive proton outflow from the thylakoid lumen bypassing the ATP synthase complex. The model describes the temperature dependence of experimentally measured parameter P/2e, determined as the ratio between the rates of ATP synthesis and pseudocyclic electron transport (H2O → PSII → PSI → O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Li J, Liu LN, Meng Q, Fan H, Sui N. The roles of chloroplast membrane lipids in abiotic stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1807152. [PMID: 32815751 PMCID: PMC7588187 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1807152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts have complex membrane systems. Among these, thylakoids serve as the sites for photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related adaptation. In addition to the photosynthetic membrane complexes and associated molecules, lipids in the thylakoid membranes, are predominantly composed of MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerol), SQDG (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol) and PG (phosphatidylglycerol), play essential roles in shaping the thylakoid architecture, electron transfer, and photoregulation. In this review, we discuss the effect of abiotic stress on chloroplast structure, the changes in membrane lipid composition, and the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Advanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating chloroplast membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids in response to abiotic stresses is indispensable for improving plant resistance and may inform the strategies of crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hai Fan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- CONTACT Na Sui
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Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Caçador I, Marques JC, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF, Duarte B. Fluoxetine Arrests Growth of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Altering Energetic and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1803. [PMID: 32849412 PMCID: PMC7411086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues impose a new and emerging threat to aquatic environments and its biota. One of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that has been frequently detected, in concentrations up to 40 μg L–1, in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the ecotoxicity of fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 20, 40, and 80 μg L–1) on cell energy and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoxetine negatively affected cell density and photosynthesis through a decrease in the active PSII reaction centers. Stress response mechanisms, like β-carotene (β-car) production and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] up-regulation were triggered, likely as a positive feedback mechanism toward formation of fluoxetine-induced reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products increased greatly at the highest fluoxetine concentration whereas no variation in the relative amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) was observed. However, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-characteristic fatty acids such as C16:2 and C16:3 increased, suggesting an interaction between light harvesting pigments, lipid environment, and photosynthesis stabilization. Using a canonical multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of bio-optical and biochemical techniques as potential fluoxetine exposure biomarkers in P. tricornutum. An overall classification efficiency to the different levels of fluoxetine exposure of 61.1 and 88.9% were obtained for bio-optical and fatty acids profiles, respectively, with different resolution degrees highlighting these parameters as potential efficient biomarkers. Additionally, the negative impact of this pharmaceutical molecule on the primary productivity is also evident alongside with an increase in respiratory oxygen consumption. From the ecological point of view, reduction in diatom biomass due to continued exposure to fluoxetine may severely impact estuarine and coastal trophic webs, by both a reduction in oxygen primary productivity and reduced availability of key fatty acids to the dependent heterotrophic upper levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Guyet U, Nguyen NA, Doré H, Haguait J, Pittera J, Conan M, Ratin M, Corre E, Le Corguillé G, Brillet-Guéguen L, Hoebeke M, Six C, Steglich C, Siegel A, Eveillard D, Partensky F, Garczarek L. Synergic Effects of Temperature and Irradiance on the Physiology of the Marine Synechococcus Strain WH7803. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1707. [PMID: 32793165 PMCID: PMC7393227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how microorganisms adjust their metabolism to maintain their ability to cope with short-term environmental variations constitutes one of the major current challenges in microbial ecology. Here, the best physiologically characterized marine Synechococcus strain, WH7803, was exposed to modulated light/dark cycles or acclimated to continuous high-light (HL) or low-light (LL), then shifted to various stress conditions, including low (LT) or high temperature (HT), HL and ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Physiological responses were analyzed by measuring time courses of photosystem (PS) II quantum yield, PSII repair rate, pigment ratios and global changes in gene expression. Previously published membrane lipid composition were also used for correlation analyses. These data revealed that cells previously acclimated to HL are better prepared than LL-acclimated cells to sustain an additional light or UV stress, but not a LT stress. Indeed, LT seems to induce a synergic effect with the HL treatment, as previously observed with oxidative stress. While all tested shift conditions induced the downregulation of many photosynthetic genes, notably those encoding PSI, cytochrome b6/f and phycobilisomes, UV stress proved to be more deleterious for PSII than the other treatments, and full recovery of damaged PSII from UV stress seemed to involve the neo-synthesis of a fairly large number of PSII subunits and not just the reassembly of pre-existing subunits after D1 replacement. In contrast, genes involved in glycogen degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways were more particularly upregulated in response to LT. Altogether, these experiments allowed us to identify responses common to all stresses and those more specific to a given stress, thus highlighting genes potentially involved in niche acclimation of a key member of marine ecosystems. Our data also revealed important specific features of the stress responses compared to model freshwater cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Guyet
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Ngoc A Nguyen
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Julie Haguait
- LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, IMT Atlantique, ECN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Pittera
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Maël Conan
- DYLISS (INRIA-IRISA)-INRIA, CNRS UMR 6074, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Gildas Le Corguillé
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Loraine Brillet-Guéguen
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.,CNRS, UMR 8227 Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Mark Hoebeke
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Six
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Anne Siegel
- DYLISS (INRIA-IRISA)-INRIA, CNRS UMR 6074, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Damien Eveillard
- LS2N, UMR CNRS 6004, IMT Atlantique, ECN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
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Okada K, Fujiwara S, Tsuzuki M. Energy conservation in photosynthetic microorganisms. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:59-65. [PMID: 32336724 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a biological process of energy conversion from solar radiation to useful organic compounds for the photosynthetic organisms themselves. It, thereby, also plays a role of food production for almost all animals on the Earth. The utilization of photosynthesis as an artificial carbon cycle is also attracting a lot of attention regarding its benefits for human life. Hydrogen and biofuels, obtained from photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, will be promising products as energy and material resources. Considering that the efficiency of bioenergy production is insufficient to replace fossil fuels at present, techniques for the industrial utilization of photosynthesis processes need to be developed intensively. Increase in the efficiency of photosynthesis, the yields of target substances, and the growth rates of algae and cyanobacteria must be subjects for efficient industrialization. Here, we overview the whole aspect of the energy production from photosynthesis to biomass production of various photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Okada
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Nitenberg M, Makshakova O, Rocha J, Perez S, Maréchal E, Block MA, Girard-Egrot A, Breton C. Mechanism of activation of plant monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (MGD1) by phosphatidylglycerol. Glycobiology 2020; 30:396-406. [PMID: 32100029 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol are essential galactolipids for the biogenesis of plastids and functioning of the photosynthetic machinery. In Arabidopsis, the first step of galactolipid synthesis is catalyzed by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (MGD1), a monotopic protein located in the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts, which transfers a galactose residue from UDP-galactose to diacylglycerol (DAG). MGD1 needs anionic lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to be active, but the mechanism by which PG activates MGD1 is still unknown. Recent studies shed light on the catalytic mechanism of MGD1 and on the possible PG binding site. Particularly, Pro189 was identified as a potential residue implicated in PG binding and His155 as the putative catalytic residue. In the present study, using a multifaceted approach (Langmuir membrane models, atomic force microscopy, molecular dynamics; MD), we investigated the membrane binding properties of native MGD1 and mutants (P189A and H115A). We demonstrated that both residues are involved in PG binding, thus suggesting the existence of a PG-His catalytic dyad that should facilitate deprotonation of the nucleophile hydroxyl group of DAG acceptor. Interestingly, MD simulations showed that MGD1 induces a reorganization of lipids by attracting DAG molecules to create an optimal platform for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milène Nitenberg
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University Grenoble Alpes, Domaine universitaire, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Joana Rocha
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University Grenoble Alpes, Domaine universitaire, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Perez
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University Grenoble Alpes, Domaine universitaire, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, CNRS, CEA, INRA, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maryse A Block
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, CNRS, CEA, INRA, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Univ. Lyon 1, GEMBAS team, University of Lyon, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christelle Breton
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University Grenoble Alpes, Domaine universitaire, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Breton S, Jouhet J, Guyet U, Gros V, Pittera J, Demory D, Partensky F, Doré H, Ratin M, Maréchal E, Nguyen NA, Garczarek L, Six C. Unveiling membrane thermoregulation strategies in marine picocyanobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2396-2410. [PMID: 31591719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wide latitudinal distribution of marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria partly relies on the differentiation of lineages adapted to distinct thermal environments. Membranes are highly thermosensitive cell components, and the ability to modulate their fluidity can be critical for the fitness of an ecotype in a particular thermal niche. We compared the thermophysiology of Synechococcus strains representative of major temperature ecotypes in the field. We measured growth, photosynthetic capacities and membrane lipidome variations. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of stations of the Tara Oceans expedition to describe the latitudinal distribution of the lipid desaturase genes in the oceans. All strains maintained efficient photosynthetic capacities over their different temperature growth ranges. Subpolar and cold temperate strains showed enhanced capacities for lipid monodesaturation at low temperature thanks to an additional, poorly regiospecific Δ9-desaturase. By contrast, tropical and warm temperate strains displayed moderate monodesaturation capacities but high proportions of double unsaturations in response to cold, thanks to regiospecific Δ12-desaturases. The desaturase genes displayed specific distributions directly related to latitudinal variations in ocean surface temperature. This study highlights the critical importance of membrane fluidity modulation by desaturases in the adaptive strategies of Synechococcus cyanobacteria during the colonization of novel thermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Breton
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulysse Guyet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Justine Pittera
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - David Demory
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ngoc An Nguyen
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Six
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
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Peng Z, Miao X. Monoglucosyldiacylglycerol participates in phosphate stress adaptation in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:662-668. [PMID: 31787233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (MGlcDG) not only serves as a precursor for monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthesis, but also participates in stress acclimation. Two genes (mgdA and mgdE) related to MGDG synthesis of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 were identified. The mgdE-suppressed mutant (AE) accumulated MGlcDG (4.2%) and showed better growth and photosynthetic activities compared with WT and other mutants (mgdA/mgdE-overexpressed and mgdA-suppressed strains), which suggested that MGlcDG was involved in phosphate stress adaptation for Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. A notable increase in contents of 18:1 fatty acid (FA) of MGDG (127%), DGDG (68%), and SQDG (105%) in AE were found under phosphate starvation. However, the expression of △9 desaturase (desC) was not higher in AE than that in WT during phosphate-starved period. These results suggested that MGlcDG might be involved in the process of FA desaturation, which contributed to membrane fluidity and cell basic metabolism for stress acclimation in cyanobacteria. In complementary experiments of E. coli, although the expression of mgdA and desC in the mgdA and desC coexpressed strain (OEAC) reduced by 22% and 35% compared with that of the strains only overexpressing mgdA (OEA) or desC (OEC), the content of unsaturated FA in OEAC was the highest. This further implied that the accumulation of MGlcDG could prompt FA desaturation in E. coli. Therefore, we propose that an overproduction of MGlcDG is responsible for FA desaturation and participates in phosphate stress adaptation in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kowalewska Ł, Kuta A, Proboszcz M, Gruszecki WI, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Specific Composition of Lipid Phases Allows Retaining an Optimal Thylakoid Membrane Fluidity in Plant Response to Low-Temperature Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:723. [PMID: 32582253 PMCID: PMC7291772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes isolated from leaves of two plant species, the chilling tolerant (CT) pea and chilling sensitive (CS) runner bean, were assessed for the composition of lipids, carotenoids as well as for the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes. The response to stress conditions was investigated in dark-chilled and subsequently photo-activated detached leaves of pea and bean. Thylakoids of both species have a similar level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), but different sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) ratio. In pea thylakoid fraction, the MGDG, DGDG and PG, have a higher double bond index (DBI), whereas bean thylakoids contain higher levels of high melting point PG. Furthermore, the lutein to the β-carotene ratio is higher in bean thylakoids. Smaller protein/lipid ratio in pea than in bean thylakoids suggests different lipid-protein interactions in both species. The differences between species are also reflected by the course of temperature-dependent plots of chlorophyll fluorescence pointing various temperatures of the lipid phase transitions of pea and bean thylakoids. Our results showed higher fluidity of the thylakoid membrane network in pea than in bean in optimal temperature conditions. Dark-chilling decreases the photochemical activity and induces significant degradation of MGDG in bean but not in pea leaves. Similarly, substantial changes in the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes with increase in LHCII phosphorylation and disturbances of the thylakoid structure take place in bean thylakoids only. Changes in the physical properties of bean thylakoids are manifested by the conversion of a three-phase temperature-dependent plot to a one-phase plot. Subsequent photo-activation of chilled bean leaves caused a partial restoration of the photochemistry and of membrane physical properties, but not of the photosynthetic complexes arrangement nor the thylakoid network structure. Summarizing, the composition of the thylakoid lipid matrix of CT pea allows retaining the optimal fluidity of its chloroplast membranes under low temperatures. In contrast, the fluidity of CS bean thylakoids is drastically changed, leading to the reorganization of the supramolecular structure of the photosynthetic complexes and finally results in structural remodeling of the CS bean thylakoid network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Radosław Mazur,
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Maciej Garstka,
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47
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Gao Y, Li M, Zhang X, Yang Q, Huang B. Up-regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline-induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:159-173. [PMID: 31600831 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Choline may affect salt tolerance by regulating lipid and glycine betaine (GB) metabolism. This study was conducted to determine whether alteration of lipid profiles and GB metabolism may contribute to choline regulation and genotypic variations in salt tolerance in a halophytic grass, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Plants of Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000 were subjected to salt stress (200-mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM). Genotypic variations in salt tolerance and promotive effects of choline application on salt tolerance were associated with both the up-regulation of lipid metabolism and GB synthesis. The genotypic variations in salt tolerance associated with lipid metabolism were reflected by the differential accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000. Choline-induced salt tolerance was associated with of the increase in digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) content including DGDG (36:4 and 36:6) in both cultivars of seashore paspalum and enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (34:2, 36:5, and 36:2) and phosphatidic acid (34:2, 34:1, and 36:5), as well as increases in the ratio of digalactosyl diacylglycerol: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG:MGDG) in salt-tolerant Sea Isle 2000. Choline regulation of salt tolerance may be due to the alteration in lipid metabolism in this halophytic grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xiaxiang Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 10095, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2981-3018. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
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Khorobrykh A. Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion Radical Photoproduction in PSII Preparations at Various Modifications of the Water-Oxidizing Complex. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090329. [PMID: 31491946 PMCID: PMC6784185 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photoproduction of superoxide anion radical (O2−•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in photosystem II (PSII) preparations depending on the damage to the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) was investigated. The light-induced formation of O2−• and H2O2 in the PSII preparations rose with the increased destruction of the WOC. The photoproduction of superoxide both in the PSII preparations holding intact WOC and the samples with damage to the WOC was approximately two times higher than H2O2. The rise of O2−• and H2O2 photoproduction in the PSII preparations in the course of the disassembly of the WOC correlated with the increase in the fraction of the low-potential (LP) Cyt b559. The restoration of electron flow in the Mn-depleted PSII preparations by exogenous electron donors (diphenylcarbazide, Mn2+) suppressed the light-induced formation of O2−• and H2O2. The decrease of O2−• and H2O2 photoproduction upon the restoration of electron transport in the Mn-depleted PSII preparations could be due to the re-conversion of the LP Cyt b559 into higher potential forms. It is supposed that the conversion of the high potential Cyt b559 into its LP form upon damage to the WOC leads to the increase of photoproduction of O2−• and H2O2 in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Basnet R, Hussain N, Shu Q. OsDGD2β is the Sole Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene Highly Expressed in Anther, and its Mutation Confers Male Sterility in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:66. [PMID: 31414258 PMCID: PMC6694320 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is one of the major lipids found predominantly in the photosynthetic membrane of cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae and higher plants. DGDG, along with MGDG (Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol), forms the matrix in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast, providing the site for photochemical and electron transport reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. RESULTS In silico analysis reveals that rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome has 5 genes encoding DGDG synthase, which are differentially expressed in different tissues, and OsDGD2β was identified to be the sole DGDG synthase gene expressed in anther. We then developed osdgd2β mutants by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and elucidate its role, especially in the development of anther and pollen. The loss of function of OsDGD2β resulted in male sterility in rice characterized by pale yellow and shrunken anther, devoid of starch granules in pollen, and delayed degeneration of tapetal cells. The total fatty acid and DGDG content in the anther was reduced by 18.66% and 22.72% in osdgd2β, affirming the importance of DGDG in the development of anther. The mutants had no notable differences in the vegetative phenotype, as corroborated by relative gene expression of DGDG synthase genes in leaves, chlorophyll measurements, and analysis of photosynthetic parameters, implying the specificity of OsDGD2β in anther. CONCLUSION Overall, we showed the importance of DGDG in pollen development and loss of function of OsDGD2β results in male sterility. Here, we have also proposed the use of OsDGD2β in hybrid rice breeding using the nuclear male sterility system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasbin Basnet
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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