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Abd-Elhafiz HI, Faried MA, Khodir SA, Moaty AS, Sweed EM. Ezetimibe protects against Gentamycin-induced ototoxicity in rats by antioxidants, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and BDNF upregulation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39138615 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2390463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The threat of hearing loss has become a universal reality. Gentamycin (GM) can lead to ototoxicity and may result in permanent hearing loss. This study aimed to elucidate whether the hypolipidemic drug Ezetimibe (EZE) has a possible underlying mechanism for protecting rats from GM-induced ototoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS 30 male Wister albino rats were separated into three groups, ten in each group: control, GM, and GM + EZE. At the end of the experiment, rats underwent hearing threshold evaluation via auditory brainstem response (ABR), carotid artery blood flow velocity (CBV), and resistance (CVR) measurement, in addition to a biochemical assessment of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), hemeOxygenase-1 (HO-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Also, real-time PCR was employed to quantify the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cochlea was also studied via histological and immunohistochemical methods. GM revealed a significant increase in CVR, MDA, NO, and TNF-α and a significant decrease in ABR, CBV, CAT, HO-1, and cochlear BDNF expression. EZE supplementation revealed a significant rise in ARB in addition to CBV and a decline in CVR and protected cochlear tissues via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms via downregulating Caspase-3 immunoreaction, upregulating proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreaction, and upregulating of the cochlear BDNF expression. Correlations were significantly negative between BDNF and MDA, NO, TNF-α, COX 2, and caspase-3 immunoreaction and significantly positive with CAT, HO-1, and PCNA immunoreaction. DISCUSSION EZE can safeguard inner ear tissues from GM via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms, as well as upregulation of BDNF mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda I Abd-Elhafiz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Manar A Faried
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Salah Moaty
- Otolaryngology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman M Sweed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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2
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Xu HN, Gonzalves D, Hoffman JH, Baur JA, Li LZ, Jensen EA. Use of Optical Redox Imaging to Quantify Alveolar Macrophage Redox State in Infants: Proof of Concept Experiments in a Murine Model and Human Tracheal Aspirates Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:546. [PMID: 38790651 PMCID: PMC11117937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that lung macrophages (LM) may provide a novel biomarker to classify disease endotypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of infant chronic lung disease, and that augmentation of the LM phenotype may be a potential therapeutic target. To contribute to this area of research, we first used Optical Redox Imaging (ORI) to characterize the responses to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and caffeine treatment in an in vitro model of mouse alveolar macrophages (AM). H2O2 caused a dose-dependent decrease in NADH and an increase in FAD-containing flavoproteins (Fp) and the redox ratio Fp/(NADH + Fp). Caffeine treatment did not affect Fp but significantly decreased NADH with doses of ≥50 µM, and 1000 µM caffeine treatment significantly increased the redox ratio and decreased the baseline level of mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species). However, regardless of whether AM were pretreated with caffeine or not, the mitochondrial ROS levels increased to similar levels after H2O2 challenge. We then investigated the feasibility of utilizing ORI to examine macrophage redox status in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples obtained from premature infants receiving invasive ventilation. We observed significant heterogeneity in NADH, Fp, Fp/(NADH + Fp), and mitochondrial ROS of the TA macrophages. We found a possible positive correlation between gestational age and NADH and a negative correlation between mean airway pressure and NADH that provides hypotheses for future testing. Our study demonstrates that ORI is a feasible technique to characterize macrophage redox state in infant TA samples and supports further use of this method to investigate lung macrophage-mediated disease endotypes in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Diego Gonzalves
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jonathan H. Hoffman
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.H.); (L.Z.L.)
| | - Erik A. Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Hutchinson AJ, Duffy BM, Staples JF. Electron transport system supercomplexes affect reactive-oxygen species production and respiration in both a hibernator (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) and a nonhibernator (Rattus norvegicus). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:81-93. [PMID: 37979043 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Across many taxa, the complexes of the electron transport system associate with each other within the inner mitochondrial membrane to form supercomplexes (SCs). These SCs are thought to confer some selective advantage, such as increasing cellular respiratory capacity or decreasing the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigate the relationship between supercomplex abundance and performance of liver mitochondria isolated from rats that do not hibernate and hibernating ground squirrels in which metabolism fluctuates substantially. We quantified the abundance of SCs (respirasomes (SCs containing CI, CIII, and CIV) or SCs containing CIII and CIV) and examined the relationship with state 3 (OXPHOS) and state 4 (LEAK) respiration rate, as well as net ROS production. We found that, in rats, state 3 and 4 respiration rate correlated negatively with respirasome abundance, but positively with CIII/CIV SC abundance. Despite the greater range of respiration rates in different hibernation stages, these relationships were similar in ground squirrels. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of differential effects of supercomplex types on mitochondrial respiration and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie J Hutchinson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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4
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Nagai-Singer MA, Woolls MK, Leedy K, Hendricks-Wenger A, Brock RM, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Paul T, Morrison HA, Imran KM, Tupik JD, Fletcher EJ, Brown DA, Allen IC. Cellular Context Dictates the Suppression or Augmentation of Triple-Negative Mammary Tumor Metastasis by NLRX1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1844-1857. [PMID: 37909827 PMCID: PMC10694032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have defined multiple, but inconsistent, roles for the enigmatic pattern recognition receptor NLRX1 in regulating several cancer-associated biological functions. In this study, we explore the role of NLRX1 in the highly metastatic murine 4T1 mammary tumor model. We describe a functional dichotomy of NLRX1 between two different cellular contexts: expression in healthy host cells versus expression in the 4T1 tumor cells. Using Nlrx1-/- mice engrafted with 4T1 tumors, we demonstrate that NLRX1 functions as a tumor suppressor when expressed in the host cells. Specifically, NLRX1 in healthy host cells attenuates tumor growth and lung metastasis through suppressing characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the lung metastatic niche. Conversely, we demonstrate that NLRX1 functions as a tumor promoter when expressed in 4T1 tumor cells using gain- and loss-of-function studies both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NLRX1 in the tumor cells augments 4T1 aggressiveness and metastasis through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition hallmarks, cell death, proliferation, migration, reactive oxygen species levels, and mitochondrial respiration. Collectively, we provide critical insight into NLRX1 function and establish a dichotomous role of NLRX1 in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model that is dictated by cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Mackenzie K. Woolls
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Katerina Leedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Rebecca M. Brock
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Tamalika Paul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Khan M. Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
| | - Juselyn D. Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Endia J. Fletcher
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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5
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Bekebrede AF, de Boer VCJ, Gerrits WJJ, Keijer J. Functional and molecular profiling of fasted piglets reveals decreased energy metabolic function and cell proliferation in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G539-G555. [PMID: 37847725 PMCID: PMC10894671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine requires energy to exert its important role in nutrient uptake and barrier function. Pigs are an important source of food and a model for humans. Young piglets and infants can suffer from periods of insufficient food intake. Whether this functionally affects the small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) metabolic capacity and how this may be associated with an increased vulnerability to intestinal disease is unknown. We therefore performed a 48-h fasting intervention in young piglets. After feeding a standard weaning diet for 2 wk, 6-wk-old piglets (n = 16/group) were fasted for 48 h, and midjejunal IECs were collected upon euthanasia. Functional metabolism of isolated IECs was analyzed with the Seahorse XF analyzer and gene expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing. Fasting decreased the mitochondrial and glycolytic function of the IECs by 50% and 45%, respectively (P < 0.0001), signifying that overall metabolic function was decreased. The RNA-sequencing results corroborated our functional metabolic measurements, showing that particularly pathways related to mitochondrial energy production were decreased. Besides oxidative metabolic pathways, decreased cell-cycle progression pathways were most regulated in the fasted piglets, which were confirmed by 43% reduction of Ki67-stained cells (P < 0.05). Finally, the expression of barrier function genes was reduced upon fasting. In conclusion, we found that the decreased IEC energy metabolic function in response to fasting is supported by a decreased gene expression of mitochondrial pathways and is likely linked to the observed decreased intestinal cell proliferation and barrier function, providing insight into the vulnerability of piglets, and infants, to decreased food intake.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fasting is identified as one of the underlying causes potentiating diarrhea development, both in piglets and humans. With this study, we demonstrate that fasting decreases the metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells, on a functional and transcriptional level. Transcriptional and histological data also show decreased intestinal cell proliferation. As such, fasting-induced intestinal energy shortage could contribute to intestinal dysfunction upon fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Bekebrede
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lee YT, Tan YJ, Oon CE. BZD9L1 Differentially Regulates Sirtuins in Liver-Derived Cells by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3059. [PMID: 38002059 PMCID: PMC10669747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has highlighted that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to drug-induced toxicities and leads to drug attrition and post-market withdrawals. The acetylation or deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins can affect mitochondrial functions as the cells adapt to various cellular stresses and other metabolic challenges. SIRTs act as critical deacetylases in modulating mitochondrial function in response to drug toxicity, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and energy metabolism. We previously showed that a recently characterised SIRT inhibitor (BZD9L1) is non-toxic in rodents in a short-term toxicity evaluation. However, the impact of BZD9L1 on mitochondrial function is unknown. This work aims to determine the effects of BZD9L1 on mitochondrial function in human normal liver and kidney-derived cell lines using the Agilent Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test to complement our short-term toxicity evaluations in vivo. The Mito Stress assay revealed that BZD9L1 could potentially trigger oxidative stress by inducing ROS, which promotes proton leak and reduces coupling efficiency in liver-derived THLE cells. However, the same was not observed in human kidney-derived HEK293 cells. Interestingly, BZD9L1 had no impact on SIRT3 protein expression in both cell lines but affected SOD2 and its acetylated form at 72 h in THLE cells, indicating that BZD9L1 exerted its effect through SIRT3 activity rather than protein expression. In contrast, BZD9L1 reduced SIRT1 protein expression and impacted the p53 protein differently in both cell lines. Although BZD9L1 did not affect the spare respiratory capacity in vitro, these findings call for further validation of mitochondrial function through assessment of other mitochondrial parameters to evaluate the safety of BZD9L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (Y.T.L.); (Y.J.T.)
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7
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Peng M, Vercauteren M, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Boon N, Janssen C, Asselman J. Cellular and bioenergetic effects of polystyrene microplastic in function of cell type, differentiation status and post-exposure time. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122550. [PMID: 37716692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in food sources and personal care products increasingly raises concerns on human health. However, little is known about the duration of the effects of MPs and whether effects depend on cellular differentiation status. Herein, cellular and bioenergetic effects of MPs in different exposure scenarios on four types of human cell lines derived from lung (A549 and BEAS-2B), colon (Caco-2) and liver (HepG2) were investigated. These cell lines are models for the major exposure routes in the body (inhalation, ingestion and physiological transport through the liver by the portal vein). To this aim, different scenarios were implemented by exposing undifferentiated and differentiated cells to single dosing of 2-μm polystyrene (PS) (102-105 particles/mL) for 48 h and 12 days. The undifferentiated Caco-2 cells with short exposure (48 h) showed the highest uptake rate of PS yet without significant cellular and mitochondrial responses. The biological effects, with the exception of ROS production, were not influenced by differentiation states of A549 and Caco-2 cells although differentiated cells showed much weaker ability to internalize PS. However, PS had significantly long-term impacts on cellular and mitochondrial functions even after the initial exposure period. In particular, Caco-2 cells that were post-exposed for 12 days after single PS dosing suffered higher oxidative stress and exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction than that for short exposure. Correspondingly, we observed that PS particles still remained in cell membrane and even in nuclei with high retention rate by 14-d post exposure during which metabolism and exchange of internalization and release occurred in cells. This indicates PS could induce chronic stress and even harmful effects on human cells after single intake that persists for a long time. This study paves the way for assessing the influence of PS on human health at low particle concentrations and with multiple exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Peng
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Oostende, Belgium.
| | - Maaike Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Technology and Ecology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Oostende, Belgium
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Chen T, Tang M, Zhao XR, Feng SL, Liu L, Zhou LJ, Cao XH, Huang Y, Yang HY, Ding CB. Antioxidant potential evaluation of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera Abel in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125726. [PMID: 37422249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The extraction process, structural characterization and free radical scavenging ability of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera have already been widely studied. However, the antioxidant activities are still lack of systematic experiments. In this study, we used Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides that from C. oleifera flowers (P-CF), leaves (P-CL), seed cakes (P-CC) and fruit shells (P-CS). The results showed all these polysaccharides could protect cells from oxidative damage induced by t-BHP. The highest cell viabilities were 66.46 ± 1.36 % (P-CF), 55.2 ± 2.93 % (P-CL), 54.49 ± 1.29 % (P-CC) and 61.45 ± 1.67 % (P-CS), respectively. Studies have shown that four polysaccharides may protect cells from apoptosis by reducing ROS levels and maintaining MMP balance. Moreover, P-CF, P-CL, P-CC and P-CS increased the survival rate of C. elegans under thermal stress, which reduced the production of ROS by 56.1 ± 0.67 %, 59.37 ± 1.79 %, 16.63 ± 2.51 % and 27.55 ± 2.62 %, respectively. P-CF and P-CL showed stronger protective effects on C. elegans by increasing the nuclear entry rate of DAF-16 and stimulating the expression of SOD-3. Our study suggested that C. oleifera polysaccharides have the potential to develop into a natural supplement agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Min Tang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhao
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shi-Ling Feng
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Li Liu
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chun-Bang Ding
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Cho GH, Bae HC, Cho WY, Jeong EM, Park HJ, Yang HR, Wang SY, Kim YJ, Shin DM, Chung HM, Kim IG, Han HS. High-glutathione mesenchymal stem cells isolated using the FreSHtracer probe enhance cartilage regeneration in a rabbit chondral defect model. Biomater Res 2023; 27:54. [PMID: 37259149 PMCID: PMC10233867 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration. However, the function of MSC can vary according to cell culture conditions, donor age, and heterogeneity of the MSC population, resulting in unregulated MSC quality control. To overcome these limitations, we previously developed a fluorescent real-time thiol tracer (FreSHtracer) that monitors cellular levels of glutathione (GSH), which are known to be closely associated with stem cell function. In this study, we investigated whether using FreSHtracer could selectively separate high-functioning MSCs based on GSH levels and evaluated the chondrogenic potential of MSCs with high GSH levels to repair cartilage defects in vivo. METHODS Flow cytometry was conducted on FreSHtracer-loaded MSCs to select cells according to their GSH levels. To determine the function of FreSHtracer-isolated MSCs, mRNA expression, migration, and CFU assays were conducted. The MSCs underwent chondrogenic differentiation, followed by analysis of chondrogenic-related gene expression. For in vivo assessment, MSCs with different cellular GSH levels or cell culture densities were injected in a rabbit chondral defect model, followed by histological analysis of cartilage-regenerated defect sites. RESULTS FreSHtracer successfully isolated MSCs according to GSH levels. MSCs with high cellular GSH levels showed enhanced MSC function, including stem cell marker mRNA expression, migration, CFU, and oxidant resistance. Regardless of the stem cell tissue source, FreSHtracer selectively isolated MSCs with high GSH levels and high functionality. The in vitro chondrogenic potential was the highest in pellets generated by MSCs with high GSH levels, with increased ECM formation and chondrogenic marker expression. Furthermore, the MSCs' function was dependent on cell culture conditions, with relatively higher cell culture densities resulting in higher GSH levels. In vivo, improved cartilage repair was achieved by articular injection of MSCs with high levels of cellular GSH and MSCs cultured under high-density conditions, as confirmed by Collagen type 2 IHC, Safranin-O staining and O'Driscoll scores showing that more hyaline cartilage was formed on the defects. CONCLUSION FreSHtracer selectively isolates highly functional MSCs that have enhanced in vitro chondrogenesis and in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration, which can ultimately overcome the current limitations of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Hee Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Ru Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olymic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyu Kim
- Laboratory for Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress, Cell2in, Inc, Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Soo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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10
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The physical exercise-induced oxidative/inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Signaling cellular energetic stress situations. Life Sci 2023; 321:121440. [PMID: 36921686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are a variety of specialized immune cells produced in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that work together to protect our bodies from harmful pathogens. From a metabolic point of view, these cells can serve as sentinel tissue source for distinguishing multiple types of whole-body physiological perturbations. The significant interaction of PBMCs with systemic physiology makes these cells an attractive target for several interventions such as physical exercise. Analyses of oxidative/inflammatory and metabolic markers of PBMCs obtained from unhealthy and healthy humans have been used in monitoring immune response in different exercise conditions. It is already a common consensus that regular practice of physical exercise, that is planned, structured, and repetitive, influences personal health by altering the metabolic state and the immune system. However, the role of distinct metabolic processes responsible for maintaining metabolic balance during physical exercise in PBMCs is not fully understood. Furthermore, a complete dose-response analysis between different exercise protocols and biomarkers capable of predicting physical performance needs to be better elucidated. The absence of published reviews on this topic compromises the understanding of the crosstalk between the metabolic adaptations of PBMCs and exercise-induced changes in the immune system. Given the above, this review highlights the main findings in the literature involving the responses of PBMCs in the inflammatory/oxidative stress induced by physical exercise. The present review also highlights how distinct phenotypes and functional diversity of PBMCs make these cells an accessible alternative for assessing exercise-induced metabolic adaptations.
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11
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondria Need Their Sleep: Redox, Bioenergetics, and Temperature Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and the Role of Cysteine-Mediated Redox Signaling, Uncoupling Proteins, and Substrate Cycles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030674. [PMID: 36978924 PMCID: PMC10045244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although circadian biorhythms of mitochondria and cells are highly conserved and crucial for the well-being of complex animals, there is a paucity of studies on the reciprocal interactions between oxidative stress, redox modifications, metabolism, thermoregulation, and other major oscillatory physiological processes. To address this limitation, we hypothesize that circadian/ultradian interaction of the redoxome, bioenergetics, and temperature signaling strongly determine the differential activities of the sleep–wake cycling of mammalians and birds. Posttranslational modifications of proteins by reversible cysteine oxoforms, S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are shown to play a major role in regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, protein activity, respiration, and metabolomics. Nuclear DNA repair and cellular protein synthesis are maximized during the wake phase, whereas the redoxome is restored and mitochondrial remodeling is maximized during sleep. Hence, our analysis reveals that wakefulness is more protective and restorative to the nucleus (nucleorestorative), whereas sleep is more protective and restorative to mitochondria (mitorestorative). The “redox–bioenergetics–temperature and differential mitochondrial–nuclear regulatory hypothesis” adds to the understanding of mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling, substrate cycling control and hibernation. Similarly, this hypothesis explains how the oscillatory redox–bioenergetics–temperature–regulated sleep–wake states, when perturbed by mitochondrial interactome disturbances, influence the pathogenesis of aging, cancer, spaceflight health effects, sudden infant death syndrome, and diseases of the metabolism and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- McGill Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre—Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ryan J. Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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12
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Sadeghi N, Boissonneault G, Tavalaee M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Oxidative versus reductive stress: a delicate balance for sperm integrity. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:20-31. [PMID: 36215401 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long-standing notion of "oxidative stress," as the main mediator of many diseases including male infertility induced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), recent evidence suggests that ROS levels are also increased by "reductive stress," due to over-accumulation of reductants. Damaging mechanisms, like guanidine oxidation followed by DNA fragmentation, could be observed following reductive stress. Excessive accumulation of the reductants may arise from excess dietary supplementation over driving the one-carbon cycle and transsulfuration pathway, overproduction of NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), elevated levels of GSH leading to impaired mitochondrial oxidation, or as a result NADH accumulation. In addition, lower availability of oxidized reductants like NAD+, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and oxidized thioredoxins (Trx-S2) induce electron leakage leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, a lower level of NAD+ impairs poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-regulated DNA repair essential for proper chromatin integrity of sperm. Because of the limited studies regarding the possible involvement of reductive stress, antioxidant therapy remains a central approach in the treatment of male infertility. This review put forward the concept of reductive stress and highlights the potential role played by reductive vs oxidative stress at pre-and post-testicular levels and considering dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sadeghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Guylain Boissonneault
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Alexiou A, Tsagkaris C, Chatzichronis S, Koulouris A, Haranas I, Gkigkitzis I, Zouganelis G, Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Jha NK, Batiha GES, Kamal MA, Nikolaou M, Ashraf GM. The Fractal Viewpoint of Tumors and Nanoparticles. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:356-370. [PMID: 35927901 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220801152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though the promising therapies against cancer are rapidly improved, the oncology patients population has seen exponential growth, placing cancer in 5th place among the ten deadliest diseases. Efficient drug delivery systems must overcome multiple barriers and maximize drug delivery to the target tumors, simultaneously limiting side effects. Since the first observation of the quantum tunneling phenomenon, many multidisciplinary studies have offered quantum-inspired solutions to optimized tumor mapping and efficient nanodrug design. The property of a wave function to propagate through a potential barrier offer the capability of obtaining 3D surface profiles using imaging of individual atoms on the surface of a material. The application of quantum tunneling on a scanning tunneling microscope offers an exact surface roughness mapping of tumors and pharmaceutical particles. Critical elements to cancer nanotherapeutics apply the fractal theory and calculate the fractal dimension for efficient tumor surface imaging at the atomic level. This review study presents the latest biological approaches to cancer management based on fractal geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Christos Tsagkaris
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,European Student Think Tank, Public Health and Policy Working Group, 1058, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stylianos Chatzichronis
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Andreas Koulouris
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Haranas
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3C5, Canada
| | - Ioannis Gkigkitzis
- NOVA Department of Mathematics, 8333 Little River Turnpike, Annandale, VA 22003 USA
| | - Georgios Zouganelis
- Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, East Midlands, DE22 1GB England, UK
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Department of Microbiology; Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Akhil Mukherjee Rd, Chowdhary Para, Rahara, Khardaha, West Bengal, Kolkata- 700118, India
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Michail Nikolaou
- 1st Oncology Department, "Saint Savas" Anticancer, Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. WITHDRAWN: Mitochondria need their sleep: Sleep-wake cycling and the role of redox, bioenergetics, and temperature regulation, involving cysteine-mediated redox signaling, uncoupling proteins, and substrate cycles. Free Radic Biol Med 2022:S0891-5849(22)01013-9. [PMID: 36462628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada; McGill Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre - Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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15
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Augustyniak M, Babczyńska A, Dziewięcka M, Flasz B, Karpeta-Kaczmarek J, Kędziorski A, Mazur B, Rozpędek K, Seyed Alian R, Skowronek M, Świerczek E, Świętek A, Tarnawska M, Wiśniewska K, Ziętara P. Does age pay off? Effects of three-generational experiments of nanodiamond exposure and withdrawal in wild and longevity-selected model animals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135129. [PMID: 35636606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered a material with low toxicity. However, no studies describe the effects of ND withdrawal after multigenerational exposure. The aim was to evaluate ND exposure (in the 1st and 2nd generations) effects at low concentrations (0.2 or 2 mg kg-1) and withdrawal (in the 3rd generation) in the wild (H) and longevity-selected (D) model insect Acheta domesticus. We measured selected oxidative stress parameters, immunity, types of cell death, and DNA damage. Most of the results obtained in the 1st generation, e.g., catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), defensins, or apoptosis level, confirmed no significant toxicity of low doses of NDs. Interestingly, strain-specific differences were observed. D-strain crickets reduced autophagy, the number of ROS+ cells, and DNA damage. The effect can be a symptom of mobilization of the organism and stimulation of physiological defense mechanisms in long-living organisms. The 2nd-generation D-strain insects fed ND-spiked food at higher concentrations manifested a reduction in CAT, TAC, early apoptosis, and DNA damage, together with an increase in HSP70 and defensins. ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential and autophagy did not differ significantly from the control. H-strain insects revealed a higher number of ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential, decreased CAT activity, and early apoptosis. Elimination of NDs from the diet in the 3rd generation did not cause full recovery of the measured parameters. We noticed an increase in the concentration of HSP70 and defensins (H-strain) and a decrease in apoptosis (D-strain). However, the most visible increase was a significant increase in DNA damage, especially in H-strain individuals. The results suggest prolonged adverse effects of NDs on cellular functions, reaching beyond "contact time" with these particles. Unintentional and/or uncontrolled ND pollution of the environment poses a new challenge for all organisms inhabiting it, particularly during multigenerational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Mazur
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozpędek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Reyhaneh Seyed Alian
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ziętara
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Koju N, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1889-1904. [PMID: 35017669 PMCID: PMC9343382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain biosynthesis and distribution of compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. It is essential but challenging to distinguish how cells sustain redox couple pools to perform their integral functions and escape redox stress. However, it is still obscure whether NADPH is detrimental or beneficial as either deficiency or excess in cellular NADPH levels disturbs cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis leading to redox stress, energy stress, and eventually, to the disease state. Additional study of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of NADPH generation in different compartments, and the means by which NADPH plays a role in various diseases, will provide innovative insights into its roles in human health and may find a value of NADPH for the treatment of certain diseases including aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Koju
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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17
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Mendez-Romero O, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Thriving in Oxygen While Preventing ROS Overproduction: No Two Systems Are Created Equal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874321. [PMID: 35444563 PMCID: PMC9013945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago, atmospheric oxygen concentration [O2] rose thousands of times, leading to the first mass extinction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by the non-catalyzed partial reduction of O2 were highly toxic eliminating many species. Survivors developed different strategies to cope with ROS toxicity. At the same time, using O2 as the final acceptor in respiratory chains increased ATP production manifold. Thus, both O2 and ROS were strong drivers of evolution, as species optimized aerobic metabolism while developing ROS-neutralizing mechanisms. The first line of defense is preventing ROS overproduction and two mechanisms were developed in parallel: 1) Physiological uncoupling systems (PUS), which increase the rate of electron fluxes in respiratory systems. 2) Avoidance of excess [O2]. However, it seems that as avoidance efficiency improved, PUSs became less efficient. PUS includes branched respiratory chains and proton sinks, which may be proton specific, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or unspecific, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). High [O2] avoidance also involved different strategies: 1) Cell association, as in biofilms or in multi-cellularity allowed gas-permeable organisms (oxyconformers) from bacterial to arthropods to exclude O2. 2) Motility, to migrate from hypoxic niches. 3) Oxyregulator organisms: as early as in fish, and O2-impermeable epithelium excluded all gases and only exact amounts entered through specialized respiratory systems. Here we follow the parallel evolution of PUS and O2-avoidance, PUS became less critical and lost efficiency. In regard, to proton sinks, there is fewer evidence on their evolution, although UCPs have indeed drifted in function while in some species it is not clear whether PTPs exist.
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18
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Factors affecting liver mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 259:110713. [PMID: 35026417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contain at least 12 known sites on multiple enzymes that convert molecular oxygen to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Quantitation of site-specific ROS emission is critical to understand the relative contribution of different sites and the pathophysiologic importance of mitochondrial ROS. However, factors that affect mitochondrial ROS emission are not well understood. We characterized and optimized conditions for maximal total and site-specific H2O2 emission during oxidation of standard substrates and probed the source of the high H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria. We found that mitochondrial H2O2 emission capacity depended on the substrate being oxidized, mitochondrial protein concentration, and composition of the ROS detection system. Contrary to our expectation, addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase reduced H2O2 emission. Titration of conventional mitochondrial electron transfer system (ETS) inhibitors over a range of conditions revealed that one size does not fit all; inhibitor concentrations evoking maximal responses varied with substrate and were moderated by the presence of other inhibitors. Moreover, the efficacy of suppressors of electron leak (S1QEL1.1 and S3QEL2) was low and depended on the substrate being oxidized. We found that H2O2 emission in unenergized rainbow trout liver mitochondria was suppressed by GKT136901 suggesting that it is associated with NADPH oxidase activity. We conclude that optimization of assay conditions is critical for quantitation of maximal H2O2 emission and would facilitate more valid comparisons of mitochondrial total and site-specific H2O2 emission capacities between studies, tissues, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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19
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Kang X, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Cui F, Li H. Knocking-out ARO80 promotes the intracellular ROS accumulation through weakening MAPK pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Yang L, Zheng S, Kong D, Xiang S, Wu J, Wan N, Sun W, Li W. Characterization, expression, and function analysis of AKR1A1 gene from yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:285-302. [PMID: 35113310 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) is a carbonyl detoxification protein in toxic aldehyde removal. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of yellow catfish AKR1A1 (TfAKR1A1) was cloned. As expected, yellow catfish AKR1A1 showed similarities with that of other species. Subsequently, prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and recombinant TfAKR1A1 (rTfAKR1A1) was successfully induced and purified. rTfAKR1A1 exhibited reductive activity to many aldehydes and ketones. To determine whether TfAKR1A1 could confer stress tolerance in vitro, the viability of control and TfAKR1A1 expression E. coli under abiotic stress was compared by spot assay. Results showed that the recombinant strain had better stress resistance under cadmium, hydrogen peroxide, and DL-glyceraldehyde stress. Then, effects of an intraperitoneal injection of rTfAKR1A1 protein on cadmium-induced oxidative stress were evaluated. Results displayed that TfAKR1A1 and Nrf2 expression levels were significantly decreased, CAT and SOD expression levels were significantly increased, BCL-2 and IL-10 expression levels were significantly increased, and caspase3a, NF-κB, and IL-1β expression levels were significantly decreased in protein-injection group. Furthermore, oxidative stress indexes in livers under different protein injection doses were examined by ELISA. Results showed that CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities were upregulated, ROS and T-AOC contents were also improved, while MDA content was significantly decreased both in lower and middle dose injection groups. Finally, liver pathological section analysis was performed. Results displayed that liver injury degree in protein-injected groups was lower than that of PBS group under cadmium stress. These results suggested that TfAKR1A1 played important roles in response to cadmium stress in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434025, People's Republic of China.
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation modulates cadmium-induced liver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109227. [PMID: 34728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to multiple stressors including low dissolved oxygen (O2) and metals such as cadmium (Cd). Reduced O2 concentration and Cd exposure alter cellular function in part by impairing energy metabolism and dysregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in ROS homeostasis in fish and its response to environmental stress. In this study, mGPDH activity and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation (A-RO) and Cd on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission in rainbow trout liver mitochondria during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) were probed. Trout liver mitochondria exhibited low mGPDH activity that supported a low respiratory rate but substantial H2O2 emission rate. Cd evoked a low concentration stimulatory-high concentration inhibitory H2O2 emission pattern that was blunted by A-RO. At specific redox centers, Cd suppressed H2O2 emission from site IQ, but stimulated emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. In contrast, A-RO stimulated H2O2 emission from site IQ following 15 min exposure and augmented Cd-stimulated emission from site IIF after 30 min exposure but did not alter the rate of H2O2 emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. Additionally, Cd neither altered the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or thioredoxin reductase nor the concentrations of total glutathione, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione. Overall, this study indicates that oxidation of G3P drives ROS production from mGPDH and complexes I, II and III, whereas Cd directly modulates redox sites but not antioxidant defense systems to alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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22
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Boël M, Veyrunes F, Durieux AC, Freyssenet D, Voituron Y, Roussel D. Does high mitochondrial efficiency carry an oxidative cost? The case of the African pygmy mouse (Mus mattheyi). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111111. [PMID: 34748935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria of the African pygmy mouse Mus mattheyi exhibit markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates but a higher mitochondrial efficiency than what would be expected from allometric trends. In the present study, we assessed whether such reduction of mitochondrial activity in M. mattheyi can limit the oxidative stress associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We conducted a comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release, and electron leak (%H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from the extremely small African pygmy mouse (M. mattheyi, ~5 g) and Mus musculus, which is a larger Mus species (~25 g). Mitochondria were energized with pyruvate, malate, and succinate, after which fluxes were measured at different steady-state rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, M. mattheyi exhibited lower oxidative activity and higher electron leak than M. musculus, while the H2O2 release did not differ significantly between these two Mus species. We further found that the high coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondria from M. mattheyi was associated with high electron leak. Nevertheless, data also show that, despite the higher electron leak, the lower mitochondrial respiratory capacity of M. mattheyi limits the cost of a net increase in H2O2 release, which is lower than that expected for a mammals of this size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Boël
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Frédéric Veyrunes
- Université Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Durieux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Damien Freyssenet
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Yann Voituron
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Buelna-Chontal M, García-Niño WR, Silva-Palacios A, Enríquez-Cortina C, Zazueta C. Implications of Oxidative and Nitrosative Post-Translational Modifications in Therapeutic Strategies against Reperfusion Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:749. [PMID: 34066806 PMCID: PMC8151040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications based on redox reactions "switch on-off" the biological activity of different downstream targets, modifying a myriad of processes and providing an efficient mechanism for signaling regulation in physiological and pathological conditions. Such modifications depend on the generation of redox components, such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Therefore, as the oxidative or nitrosative milieu prevailing in the reperfused heart is determinant for protective signaling, in this review we defined the impact of redox-based post-translational modifications resulting from either oxidative/nitrosative signaling or oxidative/nitrosative stress that occurs during reperfusion damage. The role that cardioprotective conditioning strategies have had to establish that such changes occur at different subcellular levels, particularly in mitochondria, is also presented. Another section is devoted to the possible mechanism of signal delivering of modified proteins. Finally, we discuss the possible efficacy of redox-based therapeutic strategies against reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.B.-C.); (W.R.G.-N.); (A.S.-P.); (C.E.-C.)
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24
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Bou-Teen D, Kaludercic N, Weissman D, Turan B, Maack C, Di Lisa F, Ruiz-Meana M. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:109-124. [PMID: 33716106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure, the two worldwide leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. However, ROS generation is also a fundamental mitochondrial function that orchestrates several signaling pathways, some of them exerting cardioprotective effects. In cardiac myocytes, mitochondria are particularly abundant and are specialized in subcellular populations, in part determined by their relationships with other organelles and their cyclic calcium handling activity necessary for adequate myocardial contraction/relaxation and redox balance. Depending on their subcellular location, mitochondria can themselves be differentially targeted by ROS and display distinct age-dependent functional decline. Thus, precise mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at counteracting unregulated ROS production are expected to have therapeutic benefits in certain aging-related heart conditions. However, for an adequate design of such therapies, it is necessary to unravel the complex and dynamic interactions between mitochondria and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bou-Teen
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain.
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25
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Upadhyay MK, Majumdar A, Barla A, Bose S, Srivastava S. Thiourea supplementation mediated reduction of grain arsenic in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars: A two year field study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124368. [PMID: 33153787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study delineates the interactions of arsenic (As), a carcinogenic metalloid, and thiourea (TU), a non-physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, in rice plants grown in As contaminated fields in West Bengal, India. The study was performed for four consecutive seasons (two boro and two aman) in 2016 and 2017 with two local rice cultivars; Gosai and Satabdi (IET-4786) in a control and two As contaminated experimental fields. Thiourea (0.05% wt/vol) treatment was given in the form of seed priming and foliar spray. Thiourea significantly improved growth and yield of rice plants and reduced As concentration in root, shoot, husk and grains in both cultivars and fields. The reduction in As concentration ranged from 10.3% to 27.5% in four seasons in different fields. The average (four seasons) increase in yield was recorded about ~8.1% and ~11.5% in control, ~20.2% and ~18.6% in experimental field 1, and ~16.2% and ~24.1% in experimental field 2, for gosai and satabdi, respectively. Mean hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values of As reduced upon TU supplementation for both cultivars as compared to that of non-TU plants. Hence, TU can be effectively used to cultivate rice safely in As contaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar Upadhyay
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anil Barla
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sutapa Bose
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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26
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Dimethyl Fumarate, an Approved Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, Reduces Brain Oxidative Stress in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques: Potential Therapeutic Repurposing for HIV Neuroprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030416. [PMID: 33803289 PMCID: PMC7998206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, induces antioxidant enzymes, in part through transcriptional upregulation. We hypothesized that DMF administration to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques would induce antioxidant enzyme expression and reduce oxidative injury and inflammation throughout the brain. Nine SIV-infected, CD8+-T-lymphocyte-depleted rhesus macaques were studied. Five received oral DMF prior to the SIV infection and through to the necropsy day. Protein expression was analyzed in 11 brain regions, as well as the thymus, liver, and spleen, using Western blot and immunohistochemistry for antioxidant, inflammatory, and neuronal proteins. Additionally, oxidative stress was determined in brain sections using immunohistochemistry (8-OHdG, 3NT) and optical redox imaging of oxidized flavoproteins containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (Fp) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The DMF treatment was associated with no changes in virus replication; higher expressions of the antioxidant enzymes NQO1, GPX1, and HO-1 in the brain and PRDX1 and HO-2 in the spleen; lower levels of 8-OHdG and 3NT; a lower optical redox ratio. The DMF treatment was also associated with increased expressions of cell-adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) and no changes in HLA-DR, CD68, GFAP, NFL, or synaptic proteins. The concordantly increased brain antioxidant enzyme expressions and reduced oxidative stress in DMF-treated SIV-infected macaques suggest that DMF could limit oxidative stress throughout the brain through effective induction of the endogenous antioxidant response. We propose that DMF could potentially induce neuroprotective brain responses in persons living with HIV.
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27
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Li G, Li Y, Xiao B, Cui D, Lin Y, Zeng J, Li J, Cao MJ, Liu J. Antioxidant Activity of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Its Regulatory Roles in Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1647-1655. [PMID: 33497204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are single-electron-bearing oxidation-reduction products that are mainly produced in mitochondria. Excessive ROS accumulation may lead to oxidative damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component of brain phospholipids and is mainly derived from the diet. Its antioxidant activities have been extensively studied. However, its regulatory roles in mitochondria and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, the DHA's effect on cellular antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial functions was examined in HepG2 cells. The results showed that 100 μM DHA decreased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels to 75.2 ± 9.4% (P < 0.05) and 55.1 ± 1.4% (P < 0.01), respectively. It also increased the total antioxidant capacity by 55.6 ± 0.1 and 49.2 ± 1.1% (P < 0.05), based on ABTS and FRAP assay results, respectively. Consistently, it increased the activities and gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes by at least 35 and 40% (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, DHA promoted mitochondrial functions and biogenesis. These data suggested that DHA's antioxidant activity can be attributed to its enhancement of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis. This study may shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying DHA's function in improving resistance to and relieving the symptoms of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Baoping Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Cui
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Lin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
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29
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Cortassa S, Juhaszova M, Aon MA, Zorov DB, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial Ca 2+, redox environment and ROS emission in heart failure: Two sides of the same coin? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 151:113-125. [PMID: 33301801 PMCID: PMC7880885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive, debilitating condition characterized, in part, by altered ionic equilibria, increased ROS production and impaired cellular energy metabolism, contributing to variable profiles of systolic and diastolic dysfunction with significant functional limitations and risk of premature death. We summarize current knowledge concerning changes of intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ control mechanisms during the disease progression and their consequences on mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and the shift in redox balance. Absent existing biological data, our computational modeling studies advance a new 'in silico' analysis to reconcile existing opposing views, based on different experimental HF models, regarding variations in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration that participate in triggering and perpetuating oxidative stress in the failing heart and their impact on cardiac energetics. In agreement with our hypothesis and the literature, model simulations demonstrate the possibility that the heart's redox status together with cytoplasmic Na+ concentrations act as regulators of mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in HF and of the bioenergetics response that will ultimately drive ATP supply and oxidative stress. The resulting model predictions propose future directions to study the evolution of HF as well as other types of heart disease, and to develop novel testable mechanistic hypotheses that may lead to improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Cyclosporine A Promotes Bone Remodeling in LPS-Related Inflammation via Inhibiting ROS/ERK Signaling: Studies In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836599. [PMID: 33505590 PMCID: PMC7810558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In some inflammatory diseases of bone, osteogenesis and osteoclasis are uncoupled and the balance is usually tipped resulting in bone destruction. The underlying mechanism of osteogenic dysfunction in inflammation still needs further study. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA) on bone remodeling in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) related inflammation. In vivo, an alveolar bone defect model was established using 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), LPS, and LPS+CsA groups. After 3 weeks, micro-CT analysis and histomorphometric evaluation were conducted. In vitro, murine osteoblasts were treated with vehicle medium, LPS, LPS+CsA, LPS+extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (LPS+PD98059), and LPS+antioxidant (LPS+EUK134). Cell proliferation, osteogenic behaviors, oxidative stress, and ERK signaling were determined. By these approaches, LPS inhibited bone remodeling and promoted oxidative stress accumulation in alveolar bone defects. When animals were treated with CsA, all LPS-induced biochemical changes ameliorated with a marked protective effect. In vitro, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in mitochondria increased in LPS-treated osteoblasts, with decreased expression of osteogenic differentiation genes. The CsA, PD98059, and EUK134 presented remarkable protective effects against LPS treatment. CsA effectively enhanced bone remodeling and attenuated oxidative stress caused by LPS via inhibiting ROS/ERK signaling. Taken together, the protective effect of CsA and the inhibitory effect of ERK signaling on the maintenance of mitochondrial function and reduction of ROS levels hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases in bones.
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Mitochondrial health is enhanced in rats with higher vs. lower intrinsic exercise capacity and extended lifespan. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33398019 PMCID: PMC7782588 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic aerobic capacity of an organism is thought to play a role in aging and longevity. Maximal respiratory rate capacity, a metabolic performance measure, is one of the best predictors of cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality. Rats selectively bred for high-(HCR) vs. low-(LCR) intrinsic running-endurance capacity have up to 31% longer lifespan. We found that positive changes in indices of mitochondrial health in cardiomyocytes (respiratory reserve, maximal respiratory capacity, resistance to mitochondrial permeability transition, autophagy/mitophagy, and higher lipids-over-glucose utilization) are uniformly associated with the extended longevity in HCR vs. LCR female rats. Cross-sectional heart metabolomics revealed pathways from lipid metabolism in the heart, which were significantly enriched by a select group of strain-dependent metabolites, consistent with enhanced lipids utilization by HCR cardiomyocytes. Heart–liver–serum metabolomics further revealed shunting of lipidic substrates between the liver and heart via serum during aging. Thus, mitochondrial health in cardiomyocytes is associated with extended longevity in rats with higher intrinsic exercise capacity and, probably, these findings can be translated to other populations as predictors of outcomes of health and survival.
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32
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Mason FE, Pronto JRD, Alhussini K, Maack C, Voigt N. Cellular and mitochondrial mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:72. [PMID: 33258071 PMCID: PMC7704501 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common form of arrhythmia, are poorly understood and therefore target-specific treatment options remain an unmet clinical need. Excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes requires high amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function by stimulating the Krebs cycle, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for ATP production at the electron transport chain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While it is now well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, this has been less investigated in atrial myocytes in AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondria in this disease may guide the path towards new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in regulating ATP production and mitochondrial ROS emission and how alterations, particularly in these aspects of mitochondrial activity, may play a role in AF. In addition to describing research advances, we highlight areas in which further studies are required to elucidate the role of mitochondria in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur E Mason
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius Ryan D Pronto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Khaled Alhussini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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33
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Botchway SW, Frasch W, Calabrese EJ, Bell JD. SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing. Immun Ageing 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 33292333 PMCID: PMC7649575 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARs-COV-2 displays increasing fatality with age and underlying co-morbidity, in particular, with markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which seems to be associated with a "cytokine storm" and an altered immune response. This suggests that a key contributory factor could be immunosenescence that is both age-related and lifestyle-induced. As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. Furthermore, as viruses in general, and quite possibly this new virus, have also evolved to modulate immunometabolism and thus mitochondrial function to ensure their replication, this could further stress cellular bioenergetics. Unlike most sedentary modern humans, one of the natural hosts for the virus, the bat, has to "exercise" regularly to find food, which continually provides a powerful adaptive stimulus to maintain functional muscle and mitochondria. In effect the bat is exposed to regular hormetic stimuli, which could provide clues on how to resist this virus. In this paper we review the data that might support the idea that mitochondrial health, induced by a healthy lifestyle, could be a key factor in resisting the virus, and for those people who are perhaps not in optimal health, treatments that could support mitochondrial function might be pivotal to their long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V W Nunn
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | | | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- UKRI, STFC, Central Laser Facility, & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX110QX, UK
| | - Wayne Frasch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
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34
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Voituron Y, Boël M, Roussel D. Mitochondrial threshold for H 2O 2 release in skeletal muscle of mammals. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:85-91. [PMID: 32738356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the interplay between mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 release during the transition from basal non-phosphorylating to maximal phosphorylating states. We conducted a large scale comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release and electron leak (% H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from mammal species ranging from 7 g to 500 kg. Mitochondrial fluxes were measured at different steady state rates in presence of pyruvate, malate, and succinate as respiratory substrates. Every species exhibited a burst of H2O2 release from skeletal muscle mitochondria at a low rate of oxidative phosphorylation, essentially once the activity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reached 26% of the maximal respiration. This threshold for ROS generation thus appears as a general characteristic of skeletal muscle mitochondria in mammals. These findings may have implications in situations promoting succinate accumulation within mitochondria, such as ischemia or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Voituron
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mélanie Boël
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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35
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Tjahjono E, McAnena AP, Kirienko NV. The evolutionarily conserved ESRE stress response network is activated by ROS and mitochondrial damage. BMC Biol 2020; 18:74. [PMID: 32600387 PMCID: PMC7322875 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction causes or contributes to a wide variety of pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, and aging. Cells actively surveil a number of mitochondrial readouts to ensure that cellular homeostasis is maintained. Results In this article, we characterize the role of the ethanol and stress response element (ESRE) pathway in mitochondrial surveillance and show that it is robustly activated when the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell increases. While experiments were mostly performed in Caenorhabditis elegans, we observed similar gene activation profile in human cell lines. The linear relationship between ROS and ESRE activation differentiates ESRE from known mitochondrial surveillance pathways, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which monitor mitochondrial protein import. The ability of the ESRE network to be activated by increased ROS allows the cell to respond to oxidative and reductive stresses. The ESRE network works in tandem with other mitochondrial surveillance mechanisms as well, in a fashion that suggests a partially redundant hierarchy. For example, mutation of the UPRmt pathway results in earlier and more robust activation of the ESRE pathway. Interestingly, full expression of ATFS-1, a key transcription factor for the UPRmt, requires the presence of an ESRE motif in its promoter region. Conclusion The ESRE pathway responds to mitochondrial damage by monitoring ROS levels. This response is conserved in humans. The ESRE pathway is activated earlier when other mitochondrial surveillance pathways are unavailable during mitochondrial crises, potentially to mitigate stress and restore health. However, the exact mechanisms of pathway activation and crosstalk remain to be elucidated. Ultimately, a better understanding of this network, and its role in the constellation of mitochondrial and cellular stress networks, will improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Tjahjono
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Aidan P McAnena
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Natalia V Kirienko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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36
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Kumar V, Agrawal R, Pandey A, Kopf S, Hoeffgen M, Kaymak S, Bandapalli OR, Gorbunova V, Seluanov A, Mall MA, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Compromised DNA repair is responsible for diabetes-associated fibrosis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103477. [PMID: 32338774 PMCID: PMC7265245 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated organ fibrosis, marked by elevated cellular senescence, is a growing health concern. Intriguingly, the mechanism underlying this association remained unknown. Moreover, insulin alone can neither reverse organ fibrosis nor the associated secretory phenotype, favoring the exciting notion that thus far unknown mechanisms must be operative. Here, we show that experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes impairs DNA repair, leading to senescence, inflammatory phenotypes, and ultimately fibrosis. Carbohydrates were found to trigger this cascade by decreasing the NAD+ /NADH ratio and NHEJ-repair in vitro and in diabetes mouse models. Restoring DNA repair by nuclear over-expression of phosphomimetic RAGE reduces DNA damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, thereby restoring organ function. Our study provides a novel conceptual framework for understanding diabetic fibrosis on the basis of persistent DNA damage signaling and points to unprecedented approaches to restore DNA repair capacity for resolution of fibrosis in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raman Agrawal
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aparamita Pandey
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hoeffgen
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serap Kaymak
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Germany
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37
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Li Puma LC, Hedges M, Heckman JM, Mathias AB, Engstrom MR, Brown AB, Chicco AJ. Experimental oxygen concentration influences rates of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R972-R980. [PMID: 32233925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria utilize the majority of oxygen (O2) consumed by aerobic organisms as the final electron acceptor for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but also to generate reactive oxygen species (mtROS) that participate in cell signaling, physiological hormesis, and disease pathogenesis. Simultaneous monitoring of mtROS production and oxygen consumption (Jo2) from tissue mitochondrial preparations is an attractive investigative approach, but it introduces dynamic changes in media O2 concentration ([O2]) that can confound experimental results and interpretation. We utilized high-resolution fluorespirometry to evaluate Jo2 and hydrogen peroxide release (Jh2o2) from isolated mitochondria (Mt), permeabilized fibers (Pf), and tissue homogenates (Hm) prepared from murine heart and skeletal muscle across a range of experimental [O2]s typically encountered during respirometry protocols (400-50 µM). Results demonstrate notable variations in Jh2o2 across tissues and sample preparations during nonphosphorylating (LEAK) and OXPHOS-linked respiration states at 250 µM [O2] but a linear decline in Jh2o2 of 5-15% per 50-µM decrease in chamber [O2] in all samples. Jo2 was generally stable in Mt and Hm across [O2]s above 50 µM but tended to decline below 250 µM in Pf, leading to wide variations in assayed rates of Jh2o2/O2 across chamber [O2]s and sample preparations. Development of chemical background fluorescence from the H2O2 probe (Amplex Red) was also O2 sensitive, emphasizing relevant calibration considerations. This study highlights the importance of monitoring and reporting the chamber [O2] at which Jo2 and Jh2o2 are recorded during fluorespirometry experiments and provides a basis for selecting sample preparations for studies addressing the role of mtROS in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Michael Hedges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph M Heckman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Alissa B Mathias
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Madison R Engstrom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Abigail B Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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38
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Vetter L, Cortassa S, O'Rourke B, Armoundas AA, Bedja D, Jende JME, Bendszus M, Paolocci N, Sollot SJ, Aon MA, Kurz FT. Diabetes Increases the Vulnerability of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Network to Criticality. Front Physiol 2020; 11:175. [PMID: 32210835 PMCID: PMC7077512 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial criticality describes a state in which the mitochondrial cardiac network under intense oxidative stress becomes very sensitive to small perturbations, leading from local to cell-wide depolarization and synchronized oscillations that may escalate to the myocardial syncytium generating arrhythmias. Herein, we describe the occurrence of mitochondrial criticality in the chronic setting of a metabolic disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), using a streptozotocin (STZ)-treated guinea pig (GP) animal model. Using wavelet analysis of mitochondrial networks from two-photon microscopy imaging of cardiac myocytes loaded with a fluorescent probe of the mitochondrial membrane potential, we show that cardiomyocytes from T1DM GPs are closer to criticality, making them more vulnerable to cell-wide mitochondrial oscillations as can be judged by the latency period to trigger oscillations after a laser flash perturbation, and their propensity to oscillate. Insulin treatment of T1DM GPs rescued cardiac myocytes to sham control levels of susceptibility, a protective condition that could also be attained with interventions leading to improvement of the cellular redox environment such as preincubation of diabetic cardiac myocytes with the lipid palmitate or a cell-permeable form of glutathione, in the presence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vetter
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonis A Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johann M E Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Steven J Sollot
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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39
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Botchway SW, Bell JD. From sunscreens to medicines: Can a dissipation hypothesis explain the beneficial aspects of many plant compounds? Phytother Res 2020; 34:1868-1888. [PMID: 32166791 PMCID: PMC7496984 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicine has utilised plant‐based treatments for millennia, but precisely how they work is unclear. One approach is to use a thermodynamic viewpoint that life arose by dissipating geothermal and/or solar potential. Hence, the ability to dissipate energy to maintain homeostasis is a fundamental principle in all life, which can be viewed as an accretion system where layers of complexity have built upon core abiotic molecules. Many of these compounds are chromophoric and are now involved in multiple pathways. Plants have further evolved a plethora of chromophoric compounds that can not only act as sunscreens and redox modifiers, but also have now become integrated into a generalised stress adaptive system. This could be an extension of the dissipative process. In animals, many of these compounds are hormetic, modulating mitochondria and calcium signalling. They can also display anti‐pathogen effects. They could therefore modulate bioenergetics across all life due to the conserved electron transport chain and proton gradient. In this review paper, we focus on well‐described medicinal compounds, such as salicylic acid and cannabidiol and suggest, at least in animals, their activity reflects their evolved function in plants in relation to stress adaptation, which itself evolved to maintain dissipative homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V W Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- STFC, UKRI & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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40
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Defective Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipotoxicity in Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:65. [PMID: 32226789 PMCID: PMC7080698 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ and uses high levels of ATP to maintain electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis and reabsorb nutrients. Energy depletion is a critical factor in development and progression of various kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic and glomerular nephropathy. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) serves as the preferred source of ATP in the kidney and its dysfunction results in ATP depletion and lipotoxicity to elicit tubular injury and inflammation and subsequent fibrosis progression. This review explores the current state of knowledge on the role of mitochondrial FAO dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases including AKI and CKD and prospective views on developing therapeutic interventions based on mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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41
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Kim K, Abdal Dayem A, Gil M, Yang GM, Lee SB, Kwon OH, Choi S, Kang GH, Lim KM, Kim D, Cho SG. 3,2'-Dihydroxyflavone Improves the Proliferation and Survival of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation into Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030669. [PMID: 32131506 PMCID: PMC7141312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient maintenance of the undifferentiated status of human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for producing cells with improved proliferation, survival and differentiation, which can be successfully used for stem cell research and therapy. Here, we generated iPSCs from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and analyzed the proliferation and differentiation capacities of the generated iPSCs using single cell NGS-based 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening and RNA sequencing. In addition, we screened various natural compounds for molecules that could enhance the proliferation and differentiation potential of hiPSCs. Among the tested compounds, 3,2′-dihydroxyflavone (3,2′-DHF) significantly increased cell proliferation and expression of naïve stemness markers and decreased the dissociation-induced apoptosis of hiPSCs. Of note, 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs showed upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and an increase in the percentage of GSH-high cells in an analysis with a FreSHtracer system. Interestingly, culture of the 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs in differentiation media enhanced their mesodermal differentiation and differentiation into CD34+ CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and natural killer cells (NK) cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural compound 3,2′-DHF can improve the proliferation and differentiation capacities of hiPSCs and increase the efficiency of HPC and NK cell production from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Oh-Hyung Kwon
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Dongho Kim
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4207
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42
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Isei MO, Kamunde C. Effects of copper and temperature on heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:114-128. [PMID: 31825803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High energy demand for continuous mechanical work and large number of mitochondria predispose the heart to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that may precipitate oxidative stress and heart failure. While mitochondria have been proposed as a unifying cellular target and driver of adverse effects induced by diverse stressful states, there is limited understanding of how heart mitochondrial ROS homeostasis is affected by combinations of stress factors. Thus, we probed the effect of copper (Cu) and thermal stress on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission and elucidated the effects of Cu on ROS production sites in rainbow trout heart mitochondria using the Amplex UltraRed-horseradish peroxidase detection system optimized for our model. Mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate or succinate were incubated at 4, 11 (control) and 23 °C and exposed to a range (1-100 μM) of Cu concentrations. We found that the rates and patterns of H2O2 emission depended on substrate type, Cu concentration and temperature. In mitochondria oxidizing malate-glutamate, Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission with a spike at 1 μM while temperature had no effect. In contrast, both temperature and Cu increased the rate of H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate with a prominent spike at 25 μM Cu. The rates of H2O2 emission at the three temperatures during the spike imposed by 25 μM Cu were of the order 11 > 23 > 4 °C. Interestingly, 5 μM Cu supressed H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing succinate or malate-glutamate suggesting a common mechanism of action independent of substrate type. In the absence of Cu, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF) > complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ). Rotenone marginally increased succinate-driven H2O2 emission suggesting either the absence of reverse electron transport (RET)-driven ROS production at site IQ or masking of the expected rotenone response (reduction) by H2O2 produced from other sites. Cu acted at multiple sites in the electron transport system resulting in different site-specific H2O2 emission responses depending on the concentration. Specifically, site IF H2O2 emission was suppressed by Cu concentration-dependently while H2O2 emission by site IIF was inhibited and stimulated by low and high concentrations of Cu, respectively. Additionally, emission from site IIIQo was stimulated by low and inhibited by high Cu concentrations. Overall, our study unveiled distinctive effects and sites of modulation of mitochondrial ROS production by Cu with implications for cardiac redox signaling networks and development of mitochondria-targeted Cu-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Audebrand A, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Targeting GPCRs Against Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anticancer Treatments. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 6:194. [PMID: 32039239 PMCID: PMC6993588 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel anticancer medicines, including targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have greatly improved the management of cancers. However, both conventional and new anticancer treatments induce cardiac adverse effects, which remain a critical issue in clinic. Cardiotoxicity induced by anti-cancer treatments compromise vasospastic and thromboembolic ischemia, dysrhythmia, hypertension, myocarditis, and cardiac dysfunction that can result in heart failure. Importantly, none of the strategies to prevent cardiotoxicity from anticancer therapies is completely safe and satisfactory. Certain clinically used cardioprotective drugs can even contribute to cancer induction. Since G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are target of forty percent of clinically used drugs, here we discuss the newly identified cardioprotective agents that bind GPCRs of adrenalin, adenosine, melatonin, ghrelin, galanin, apelin, prokineticin and cannabidiol. We hope to provoke further drug development studies considering these GPCRs as potential targets to be translated to treatment of human heart failure induced by anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Canan G. Nebigil
- Laboratory of CardioOncology and Therapeutic Innovation, CNRS, Illkirch, France
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Sotolongo K, Ghiso J, Rostagno A. Nrf2 activation through the PI3K/GSK-3 axis protects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated oxidative and metabolic damage. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:13. [PMID: 31931869 PMCID: PMC6958642 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence points to a crucial role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disorder in which brain glucose hypometabolism, downregulation of central elements of phosphorylation pathways, reduced ATP levels, and enhanced oxidative damage coexist, and sometimes precede, synaptic alterations and clinical manifestations. Since the brain has limited energy storage capacity, mitochondria play essential roles in maintaining the high levels of energy demand, but, as major consumers of oxygen, these organelles are also the most important generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction is tightly linked to synaptic loss and AD pathophysiology. In spite of their relevance, the mechanistic links among ROS homeostasis, metabolic alterations, and cell bioenergetics, particularly in relation to Aβ, still remain elusive. Methods We have used classic biochemical and immunocytochemical approaches together with the evaluation of real-time changes in global energy metabolism in a Seahorse Metabolic Analyzer to provide insights into the detrimental role of oligAβ in SH-SY5Y and primary neurons testing their pharmacologic protection by small molecules. Results Our findings indicate that oligomeric Aβ induces a dramatic increase in ROS production and severely affects neuronal metabolism and bioenergetics. Assessment of global energy metabolism in real time demonstrated Aβ-mediated reduction in oxygen consumption affecting basal and maximal respiration and causing decreased ATP production. Pharmacologic targeting of Aβ-challenged neurons with a set of small molecules of known antioxidant and cytoprotective activity prevented the metabolic/bioenergetic changes induced by the peptide, fully restoring mitochondrial function while inducing an antioxidant response that counterbalanced the ROS production. Search for a mechanistic link among the protective small molecules tested identified the transcription factor Nrf2—compromised by age and downregulated in AD and transgenic models—as their main target and the PI3K/GSK-3 axis as the central pathway through which the compounds elicit their Aβ protective action. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the complex molecular mechanisms triggered by oligAβ which profoundly affect mitochondrial performance and argues for the inclusion of small molecules targeting the PI3K/GSK-3 axis and Nrf2-mediated pathways as part of the current or future combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal Sotolongo
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Davidson MT, Narowski TM, Lin CT, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Mitochondrial Diagnostics: A Multiplexed Assay Platform for Comprehensive Assessment of Mitochondrial Energy Fluxes. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3593-3606.e10. [PMID: 30257218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic metabolic diseases have been linked to molecular signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction. Nonetheless, molecular remodeling of the transcriptome, proteome, and/or metabolome does not necessarily translate to functional consequences that confer physiologic phenotypes. The work here aims to bridge the gap between molecular and functional phenomics by developing and validating a multiplexed assay platform for comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial energy transduction. The diagnostic power of the platform stems from a modified version of the creatine kinase energetic clamp technique, performed in parallel with multiplexed analyses of dehydrogenase activities and ATP synthesis rates. Together, these assays provide diagnostic coverage of the mitochondrial network at a level approaching that gained by molecular "-omics" technologies. Application of the platform to a comparison of skeletal muscle versus heart mitochondria reveals mechanistic insights into tissue-specific distinctions in energy transfer efficiency. This platform opens exciting opportunities to unravel the connection between mitochondrial bioenergetics and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Michael T Davidson
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara M Narowski
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Ismail T, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee DS, Lee HS. Interplay Between Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxins and ROS in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184407. [PMID: 31500275 PMCID: PMC6770548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional cellular organelles that are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotes; to maintain the redox balance, they are supplemented with different ROS scavengers, including mitochondrial peroxiredoxins (Prdxs). Mitochondrial Prdxs have physiological and pathological significance and are associated with the initiation and progression of various cancer types. In this review, we have focused on signaling involving ROS and mitochondrial Prdxs that is associated with cancer development and progression. An upregulated expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 has been reported in different cancer types, such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and lung cancers, as well as in Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 in different types of malignancies involves their association with different factors, such as transcription factors, micro RNAs, tumor suppressors, response elements, and oncogenic genes. The microenvironment of mitochondrial Prdxs plays an important role in cancer development, as cancerous cells are equipped with a high level of antioxidants to overcome excessive ROS production. However, an increased production of Prdx3 and Prdx5 is associated with the development of chemoresistance in certain types of cancers and it leads to further complications in cancer treatment. Understanding the interplay between mitochondrial Prdxs and ROS in carcinogenesis can be useful in the development of anticancer drugs with better proficiency and decreased resistance. However, more targeted studies are required for exploring the tumor microenvironment in association with mitochondrial Prdxs to improve the existing cancer therapies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaba Ismail
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hongchan Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Mohammadi F, Soltani A, Ghahremanloo A, Javid H, Hashemy SI. The thioredoxin system and cancer therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:925-935. [PMID: 31367788 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH are key members of the Trx system that is involved in redox regulation and antioxidant defense. In recent years, several researchers have provided information about the roles of the Trx system in cancer development and progression. These reports indicated that many tumor cells express high levels of Trx and TrxR, which can be responsible for drug resistance in tumorigenesis. Inhibition of the Trx system may thus contribute to cancer therapy and improving chemotherapeutic agents. There are now a number of effective natural and synthetic inhibitors with chemotherapy applications possessing antitumor activity ranging from oxidative stress induction to apoptosis. In this article, we first described the features and functions of the Trx system and then reviewed briefly its correlations with cancer. Finally, we summarized the present knowledge about the Trx/TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghahremanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Crosstalk between Calcium and ROS in Pathophysiological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9324018. [PMID: 31178978 PMCID: PMC6507098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9324018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions are highly versatile intracellular signals that regulate many cellular processes. The key to achieving this pleiotropic role is the spatiotemporal control of calcium concentration evoked by an extensive molecular repertoire of signalling components. Among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, together with calcium signalling, plays a crucial role in controlling several physiopathological events. Although initially considered detrimental by-products of aerobic metabolism, it is now widely accepted that ROS, in subtoxic levels, act as signalling molecules. However, dysfunctions in the mechanisms controlling the physiological ROS concentration affect cellular homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of various disorders.
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Chienwichai P, Reamtong O, Boonyuen U, Pisitkun T, Somparn P, Tharnpoophasiam P, Worakhunpiset S, Topanurak S. Hepatic protein Carbonylation profiles induced by lipid accumulation and oxidative stress for investigating cellular response to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:1. [PMID: 30962768 PMCID: PMC6438040 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive accumulation of fat within the liver, leading to further severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Progression of healthy liver to steatosis and NASH is not yet fully understood in terms of process and response. Hepatic oxidative stress is believed to be one of the factors driving steatosis to NASH. Oxidative protein modification is the major cause of protein functional impairment in which alteration of key hepatic enzymes is likely to be a crucial factor for NAFLD biology. In the present study, we aimed to discover carbonylated protein profiles involving in NAFLD biology in vitro. METHODS Hepatocyte cell line was used to induce steatosis with fatty acids (FA) in the presence and absence of menadione (oxidative stress inducer). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics and dinitrophenyl hydrazine derivatization technique were used to identify carbonylated proteins. Sequentially, in order to view changes in protein carbonylation pathway, enrichment using Funrich algorithm was performed. The selected carbonylated proteins were validated with western blot and carbonylated sites were further identified by high-resolution LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Proteomic results and pathway analysis revealed that carbonylated proteins are involved in NASH pathogenesis pathways in which most of them play important roles in energy metabolisms. Particularly, carbonylation level of ATP synthase subunit α (ATP5A), a key protein in cellular respiration, was reduced after FA and FA with oxidative stress treatment, whereas its expression was not altered. Carbonylated sites on this protein were identified and it was revealed that these sites are located in nucleotide binding region. Modification of these sites may, therefore, disturb ATP5A activity. As a consequence, the lower carbonylation level on ATP5A after FA treatment solely or with oxidative stress can increase ATP production. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in carbonylated level of ATP5A might occur to generate more energy in response to pathological conditions, in our case, fat accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. This would imply the association between protein carbonylation and molecular response to development of steatosis and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerut Chienwichai
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Prapin Tharnpoophasiam
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Suwalee Worakhunpiset
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Supachai Topanurak
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence of Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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50
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Mitochondrial dynamics in exercise physiology. Pflugers Arch 2019; 472:137-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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