1
|
Mu B, Zeng Y, Luo L, Wang K. Oxidative stress-mediated protein sulfenylation in human diseases: Past, present, and future. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103332. [PMID: 39217848 PMCID: PMC11402764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refer to a variety of derivatives of molecular oxygen that play crucial roles in regulating a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Excessive ROS levels can cause oxidative stress, leading to cellular damage and even cell demise. However, moderately elevated levels of ROS can mediate the oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) of redox-sensitive proteins, thereby affecting protein functions and regulating various cellular signaling pathways. Among the oxPTMs, ROS-induced reversible protein sulfenylation represents the initial form of cysteine oxidation for sensing redox signaling. In this review, we will summarize the discovery, chemical formation, and detection approaches of protein sulfenylation. In addition, we will highlight recent findings for the roles of protein sulfenylation in various diseases, including thrombotic disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Mu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong D, Lei J, He X, Hao J, Zhang F, Huang X, Gu W, Yang X, Yu J. Keys to the switch of fat burning: stimuli that trigger the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activation in adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:322. [PMID: 39342273 PMCID: PMC11439242 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the main pathogenic factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as adiposity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing annually. It is urgent and crucial to find more therapeutic targets to treat these diseases. Mainly expressed in brown adipocytes, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is key to the thermogenesis of classical brown adipose tissue (BAT). Furthermore, white adipose tissue (WAT) is likely to express more UCP1 and subsequently acquire the ability to undergo thermogenesis under certain stimuli. Therefore, targeting and activating UCP1 to promote increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of WAT are helpful in treating metabolic diseases, such as adiposity and MASLD. In this case, the stimuli that activate UCP1 are emerging. Therefore, we summarize the thermogenic stimuli that have activated UCP1 in recent decades, among which cold exposure is one of the stimuli first discovered to activate BAT thermogenesis. As a convenient and efficient therapy with few side effects and good metabolic benefits, physical exercise can also activate the expression of UCP1 in adipose tissue. Notably, for the first time, we have summarized and demonstrated the stimuli of traditional Chinese medicines that can activate UCP1, such as acupuncture, Chinese herbal formulas, and Chinese medicinal herbs. Moreover, pharmacological agents, functional foods, food ingredients, and the gut microbiota are also commonly associated with regulating and activating UCP1. The identification and analysis of UCP1 stimuli can greatly facilitate our understanding of adipose tissue thermogenesis, including the browning of WAT. Thus, it is more conducive to further research and therapy for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dihong Gong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Juanhong Lei
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong He
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjie Hao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinya Huang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen S, Jin J, Li P, Pan Y, Lei S, Li J, Wu S, Bu B, Fu L. Synthesis and anti-proliferative effect of novel 4-Aryl-1, 3-Thiazole-TPP conjugates via mitochondrial uncoupling process. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107588. [PMID: 38936051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of mitochondrial targeting moiety such as triphenlyphosphonium cation (TPP+), targeting mitochondria in cancer cells has become a promising strategy for combating tumors. Herein, a series of novel 4-aryl-1,3-thiazole derivatives linked to TPP+ moiety were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicity against a panel of four cancer cell lines was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity over HeLa, PC-3 and HCT-15 cells while MCF-7 cells were less sensitive to most compounds. Among them, compound 12a exhibited a significant anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cells, and prompted for further investigation. Specifically, 12a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The flow cytometry analysis revealed that compound 12a could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in HeLa cells. In addition, mitochondrial bioenergetics assay revealed that 12a displayed mild mitochondrial uncoupling effect. Taken together, these findings suggest the therapeutic potential of compound 12a as an antitumor agent targeting mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suheng Wu
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Buzhou Bu
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ježek P, Dlasková A, Engstová H, Špačková J, Tauber J, Průchová P, Kloppel E, Mozheitova O, Jabůrek M. Mitochondrial Physiology of Cellular Redox Regulations. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S217-S242. [PMID: 38647168 PMCID: PMC11412358 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (mt) represent the vital hub of the molecular physiology of the cell, being decision-makers in cell life/death and information signaling, including major redox regulations and redox signaling. Now we review recent advances in understanding mitochondrial redox homeostasis, including superoxide sources and H2O2 consumers, i.e., antioxidant mechanisms, as well as exemplar situations of physiological redox signaling, including the intramitochondrial one and mt-to-cytosol redox signals, which may be classified as acute and long-term signals. This review exemplifies the acute redox signals in hypoxic cell adaptation and upon insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. We also show how metabolic changes under these circumstances are linked to mitochondrial cristae narrowing at higher intensity of ATP synthesis. Also, we will discuss major redox buffers, namely the peroxiredoxin system, which may also promote redox signaling. We will point out that pathological thresholds exist, specific for each cell type, above which the superoxide sources exceed regular antioxidant capacity and the concomitant harmful processes of oxidative stress subsequently initiate etiology of numerous diseases. The redox signaling may be impaired when sunk in such excessive pro-oxidative state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karanfil AS, Louis F, Sowa Y, Matsusaki M. Cationic polymer effect on brown adipogenic induction of dedifferentiated fat cells. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101157. [PMID: 39113911 PMCID: PMC11304885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities place a substantial burden on public health. Given the considerable potential of brown adipose tissue in addressing metabolic disorders that contribute to dysregulation of the body's energy balance, this area is an intriguing avenue for research. This study aimed to assess the impact of various polymers, including collagen type I, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, gellan gum, and poly-l-lysine (PLL), on the in vitro brown adipogenic differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells within a fibrin gel matrix. The findings, obtained through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescent imaging, ELISA assay, and mitochondria assessment, revealed that PLL exhibited a significant browning-inducing effect. Compared to fibrin-only brown-like drops after two weeks of incubation in brown adipogenic medium, PLL showed 6 (±3) times higher UCP1 gene expression, 5 (±2) times higher UCP1 concentration by ELISA assay, and 2 (±1) times higher mitochondrial content. This effect can be attributed to PLL's electrostatic properties, which potentially facilitate the cellular uptake of crucial brown adipogenic inducers such as the thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and insulin from the induction medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Y, Li X, Zhao J, Ji B, Zhao X, Feng J, Zhao J. Guanidinoacetic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation and promotes white adipose tissue browning in middle-aged mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 38567805 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged supporting the importance of GAA in metabolic dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on hepatic and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as systemic inflammatory responses in obese middle-aged mice models and attempted to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that dietary supplementation of GAA inhibited inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) hypertrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, GAA supplementation observably decreased the levels of some systemic inflammatory factors, including IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intriguingly, GAA supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, which was revealed by decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, FABP1, and APOB and increased levels of HDL-C in the liver. Moreover, GAA supplementation increased the expression of browning markers and mitochondrial-related genes in the iWAT. Further investigation showed that dietary GAA promoted the browning of the iWAT via activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway and might be associated with futile creatine cycling in obese mice. These results indicate that GAA has the potential to be used as an effective ingredient in dietary interventions and thus may play an important role in ameliorating and preventing HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Li F, Hou X, Xia D. Dietary kaempferol exerts anti-obesity effects by inducing the browing of white adipocytes via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100728. [PMID: 38577419 PMCID: PMC10990952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue is a novel approach for the management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Kaempferol (KPF) is a common dietary nutrient found abundantly in many fruits and vegetables and has been shown to have the potential to regulate lipid metabolism. However, the detailed mechanism by which it affects the browning of white adipose tissue remains unclear. In the present study, we sought to determine how KPF induces adipocytes to undergo a browning transformation by establishing a primary adipocyte model and an obese mouse model. Our results showed that KPF-treated mice were rescued from diet-induced obesity, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, associated with increased expression of adaptive thermogenesis-related proteins. KPF-promoted white adipose browning correlated with the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, as the use of an AMPK inhibitor in preadipocytes partially reversed the observed browning phenotype of KPF-treated cells. Taken together, these data suggest that KPF promotes browning of white adipose tissue through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. This study demonstrates that KPF is a promising natural product for the treatment of obesity by promoting white fat browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yihuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pagano AD, Gonçalves NM, Domingues WB, da Silveira TLR, Kütter MT, Junior ASV, Corcini CD, Nascimento MC, Dos Reis LFV, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Volcan MV, Remião MH, Campos VF. Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in the threatened annual killifish Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109787. [PMID: 37977240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the toxic effects of Roundup Transorb® on the endangered Neotropical annual killifish Austrolebias charrua through the assessment of molecular and biochemical biomarkers. The fish were collected in temporary ponds and exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of the herbicide (5 mg.L-1 for 96 h). The production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and membrane fluidity were evaluated in the blood cells by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of the antioxidant-related genes sod2, cat, gstα, atp1a1, gclc, and ucp1 across the brain, liver, and gills was quantified. The acute exposure of annual killifish to Roundup significantly increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in their erythrocytes. Likewise, Roundup Transorb® decreased membrane fluidity in the blood cells of the exposed fish. Gene expression analysis revealed that Roundup exposure alters the relative expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. Our results give rise to new insights into adaptive mechanisms of A. charrua in response to Roundup. Since Brazilian annual killifishes strongly risk extinction, this study paves the way for developing novel biotechnologies applied to environmental monitoring and aquatic toxicology assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Duarte Pagano
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Natiéli Machado Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | | | - Mateus Tavares Kütter
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mariana Cavalcanti Nascimento
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Luana Ferreira Viana Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | | | - Mariana Härter Remião
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gómez-García I, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP, Trepiana J. Changes in brown adipose tissue induced by resveratrol and its analogue pterostilbene in rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose diet. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00985-x. [PMID: 37843714 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds have attracted a great deal of attention since some of them can act as thermogenesis activators. In recent years, special interest has been placed on resveratrol and its analogue pterostilbene, a dimethylether derivative that shows higher bioavailability. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene on the thermogenic capacity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) in rats under a high-fat high-fructose diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF) and HFHF diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg body weight/day of pterostilbene (PT30) or resveratrol (RSV30), for eight weeks. Weights of adipose tissues, iBAT triglycerides, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and citrate synthase (CS) activities, protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), sirtuins (SIRT1 and 3), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter (GLUT4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), CD36 and FATP1 fatty acid transporters, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1) activation and the batokines EPDR1 and NRG4 were assessed in iBAT. The results show that some key proteins related to thermogenesis were modified by either pterostilbene or resveratrol, although the lack of effects on other crucial proteins of the thermogenic machinery suggest that these compounds were not able to stimulate this process in iBAT. Overall, these data suggest that the effects of stilbenes on brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity depend on the metabolic status, and more precisely on the presence or absence of obesity, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker Gómez-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiong W, Xiong Z, Song A, Lei C, Ye C, Su H, Zhang C. UCP1 alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis progression through oxidative stress pathway mediated by SIRT3 protein stability. J Transl Med 2023; 21:521. [PMID: 37533052 PMCID: PMC10399010 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathway for the progressive development of chronic renal diseases (CKD) with different etiology, and is the main pathological basis leading to end-stage renal disease. Although the current research on renal interstitial fibrosis is gradually deepening, the diagnosis and treatment methods are still very lacking. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a nuclear encoded protein in mitochondria inner membrane and plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the biological significance of UCP1 and potential regulatory mechanisms in the development of CKD remain unclear. METHODS Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was used to construct the animal model of renal fibrosis, and TGF-β1 stimulation of HK2 cells was used to construct the vitro model of renal fibrosis. UCP1 expression was detected by Western blot, immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. UCP1 was upregulated by UCP1 overexpressing lentivirus and UCP1 agonist CL316243. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, such as collagen I, fibronectin, antioxidant enzyme SOD2 and CAT. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by ROS detection kit. SIRT3 knockdown was performed by siRNA. RESULTS This study presents that UCP1 is significantly downregulated in patients with renal fibrosis and UUO model. Further studies discover that UCP1 overexpression and CL316243 treatments (UCP1 agonists) reversed EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in renal fibrosis models in vivo and in vitro. Simultaneously, UCP1 reduced the ROS production by increasing the stability of SIRT3. When SIRT3 was knocked down, the production of ROS decreased. CONCLUSIONS Elevating the expression of UCP1 can inhibit the occurrence of oxidative stress by stabilizing SIRT3, thereby reducing EMT and ECM accumulation, and ultimately alleviating renal interstitial fibrosis. It will provide new instructions and targets for the treatment of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Anni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kisty EA, Saart EC, Weerapana E. Identifying Redox-Sensitive Cysteine Residues in Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:992. [PMID: 37237858 PMCID: PMC10215197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is the primary energy generator of a cell and is a central player in cellular redox regulation. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are the natural byproducts of cellular respiration that are critical for the redox signaling events that regulate a cell's metabolism. These redox signaling pathways primarily rely on the reversible oxidation of the cysteine residues on mitochondrial proteins. Several key sites of this cysteine oxidation on mitochondrial proteins have been identified and shown to modulate downstream signaling pathways. To further our understanding of mitochondrial cysteine oxidation and to identify uncharacterized redox-sensitive cysteines, we coupled mitochondrial enrichment with redox proteomics. Briefly, differential centrifugation methods were used to enrich for mitochondria. These purified mitochondria were subjected to both exogenous and endogenous ROS treatments and analyzed by two redox proteomics methods. A competitive cysteine-reactive profiling strategy, termed isoTOP-ABPP, enabled the ranking of the cysteines by their redox sensitivity, due to a loss of reactivity induced by cysteine oxidation. A modified OxICAT method enabled a quantification of the percentage of reversible cysteine oxidation. Initially, we assessed the cysteine oxidation upon treatment with a range of exogenous hydrogen peroxide concentrations, which allowed us to differentiate the mitochondrial cysteines by their susceptibility to oxidation. We then analyzed the cysteine oxidation upon inducing reactive oxygen species generation via the inhibition of the electron transport chain. Together, these methods identified the mitochondrial cysteines that were sensitive to endogenous and exogenous ROS, including several previously known redox-regulated cysteines and uncharacterized cysteines on diverse mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xian J, Zhong X, Huang Q, Gu H, Feng Y, Sun J, Wang D, Li J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zhang J. N-Trimethylated chitosan coating white adipose tissue vascular-targeting oral nano-system for the enhanced anti-obesity effects of celastrol. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124023. [PMID: 36924876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral nanoparticles (NPs) are more suitable for obesity control compared to NPs administered intravenously, as their convenience increases patient compliance. Herein, we developed an oral nano-system to improve the anti-obesity efficacy of celastrol (Cel). The observed enhanced efficacy was mediated by zein core NPs decorated with adipose-homing peptides that were coated with N-trimethylated chitosan. The optimized Cel/AHP-NPs@TMC exhibited spherical morphology by TEM, as well as narrow size distribution (221.76 ± 6.73 nm) and adequate stability in a gastrointestinal environment. Based on the combined delivery advantages of AHP-NPs@TMC - i.e., improved cellular internalization within Caco-2 cells and enhanced white adipose tissue (WAT) vascular targeting - Cel/AHP-NPs@TMC significantly reduced the body weight, blood lipid levels, adipose inflammation, and WAT distribution in diet-induced obese mice without side-effects. In short, this study provides clear evidence that TMC-based oral NPs can effectively improve celastrol for obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Benssouina FZ, Parat F, Villard C, Leloup L, Garrouste F, Sabatier JM, Ferhat L, Kovacic H. Overexpression of a Novel Noxo1 Mutant Increases Ros Production and Noxo1 Relocalisation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054663. [PMID: 36902094 PMCID: PMC10003393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noxo1, the organizing element of the Nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase complex responsible for producing reactive oxygen species, has been described to be degraded by the proteasome. We mutated a D-box in Noxo1 to express a protein with limited degradation and capable of maintaining Nox1 activation. Wild-type (wt) and mutated Noxo1 (mut1) proteins were expressed in different cell lines to characterize their phenotype, functionality, and regulation. Mut1 increases ROS production through Nox1 activity affects mitochondrial organization and increases cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Unexpectedly the increased activity of Noxo1 is not related to a blockade of its proteasomal degradation since we were unable in our conditions to see any proteasomal degradation either for wt or mut1 Noxo1. Instead, D-box mutation mut1 leads to an increased translocation from the membrane soluble fraction to a cytoskeletal insoluble fraction compared to wt Noxo1. This mut1 localization is associated in cells with a filamentous phenotype of Noxo1, which is not observed with wt Noxo1. We found that mut1 Noxo1 associates with intermediate filaments such as keratin 18 and vimentin. In addition, Noxo1 D-Box mutation increases Nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase activity. Altogether, Nox1 D-box does not seem to be involved in Noxo1 degradation but rather related to the maintenance of the Noxo1 membrane/cytoskeleton balance.
Collapse
|
14
|
Inada N. A Guide to Plant Intracellular Temperature Imaging using Fluorescent Thermometers. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:7-18. [PMID: 36039974 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All aspects of plant physiology are influenced by temperature. Changes in environmental temperature alter the temperatures of plant tissues and cells, which then affect various cellular activities, such as gene expression, protein stability and enzyme activities. In turn, changes in cellular activities, which are associated with either exothermic or endothermic reactions, can change the local temperature in cells and tissues. In the past 10 years, a number of fluorescent probes that detect temperature and enable intracellular temperature imaging have been reported. Intracellular temperature imaging has revealed that there is a temperature difference >1°C inside cells and that the treatment of cells with mitochondrial uncoupler or ionomycin can cause more than a 1°C intracellular temperature increase in mammalian cultured cells. Thermogenesis mechanisms in brown adipocytes have been revealed with the aid of intracellular temperature imaging. While there have been no reports on plant intracellular temperature imaging thus far, intracellular temperature imaging is expected to provide a new way to analyze the mechanisms underlying the various activities of plant cells. In this review, I will first summarize the recent progress in the development of fluorescent thermometers and their biological applications. I will then discuss the selection of fluorescent thermometers and experimental setup for the adaptation of intracellular temperature imaging to plant cells. Finally, possible applications of intracellular temperature imaging to investigate plant cell functions will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
- School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Migliolo L, de A. Boleti A, de O. Cardoso P, Frihling BF, e Silva P, de Moraes LRN. Adipose tissue, systematic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:38-46. [PMID: 35799506 PMCID: PMC9241402 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
17
|
Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cavalieri R, Hazebroek MK, Cotrim CA, Lee Y, Kunji ERS, Jastroch M, Keipert S, Crichton PG. Activating ligands of Uncoupling protein 1 identified by rapid membrane protein thermostability shift analysis. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101526. [PMID: 35691529 PMCID: PMC9243162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) catalyses mitochondrial proton leak in brown adipose tissue to facilitate nutrient oxidation for heat production, and may combat metabolic disease if activated in humans. During the adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes, free fatty acids generated from lipolysis activate UCP1 via an unclear interaction. Here, we set out to characterise activator binding to purified UCP1 to clarify the activation process, discern novel activators and the potential to target UCP1. METHODS We assessed ligand binding to purified UCP1 by protein thermostability shift analysis, which unlike many conventional approaches can inform on the binding of hydrophobic ligands to membrane proteins. A detailed activator interaction analysis and screening approach was carried out, supported by investigations of UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1 expression-controlled cell lines. RESULTS We reveal that fatty acids and other activators influence UCP1 through a specific destabilising interaction, behaving as transport substrates that shift the protein to a less stable conformation of a transport cycle. Through the detection of specific stability shifts in screens, we identify novel activators, including the over-the-counter drug ibuprofen, where ligand analysis indicates that UCP1 has a relatively wide structural specificity for interacting molecules. Ibuprofen successfully induced UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1-expressing HEK293 cells but not in cultured brown adipocytes, suggesting drug delivery differs in each cell type. CONCLUSIONS These findings clarify the nature of the activator-UCP1 interaction and demonstrate that the targeting of UCP1 in cells by approved drugs is in principle achievable as a therapeutic avenue, but requires variants with more effective delivery in brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cavalieri
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camila A Cotrim
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lee
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schmidt CA, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD. From OCR and ECAR to energy: Perspectives on the design and interpretation of bioenergetics studies. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101140. [PMID: 34461088 PMCID: PMC8479256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their association with numerous pathologies including diabetes, cancer, rare genetic diseases, and aberrant cell death. Commercially available bioenergetics technologies (e.g., extracellular flux analysis, high-resolution respirometry, fluorescent dye kits, etc.) have made practical assessment of metabolic parameters widely accessible. This has facilitated an explosion in the number of studies exploring, in particular, the biological implications of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and substrate level phosphorylation via glycolysis (i.e., via extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)). Though these technologies have demonstrated substantial utility and broad applicability to cell biology research, they are also susceptible to historical assumptions, experimental limitations, and other caveats that have led to premature and/or erroneous interpretations. This review enumerates various important considerations for designing and interpreting cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics experiments, some common challenges and pitfalls in data interpretation, and some potential "next steps" to be taken that can address these highlighted challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou X, Chen J, Sun B, Wang Z, Zhu J, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Shan A, Ma Q, Wang J. Leucine, but not isoleucine or valine, affects serum lipid profiles and browning of WAT in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:6712-6724. [PMID: 34160501 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), especially leucine (Leu), have been reported to decrease fat deposition. However, opposite effects of BCAA on lipid metabolism have been observed. To determine the role of BCAA in lipid metabolism, an amino acid-defined diet was formulated and C57BL/6J mice were assigned into the following groups: amino acid-defined control diet and control diet supplemented with Leu, isoleucine, or valine. Nitrogen was balanced by proportionally mixed amino acids except BCAA. Results showed that dietary Leu supplementation significantly increased the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and urea nitrogen. Metabolomics showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was altered by Leu supplementation. Leu treatment up-regulated the expression of genes related to fat synthesis and down-regulated the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, the genes and proteins of selective markers involved in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) were up-regulated by dietary supplementation with Leu. This study indicated that dietary supplementation with Leu, but not isoleucine or valine, significantly affected lipid metabolism by regulating lipid metabolism-related genes and serum fatty acid concentration, providing a new tool in the management of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gantert T, Henkel F, Wurmser C, Oeckl J, Fischer L, Haid M, Adamski J, Esser-von Bieren J, Klingenspor M, Fromme T. Fibroblast growth factor induced Ucp1 expression in preadipocytes requires PGE2 biosynthesis and glycolytic flux. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21572. [PMID: 33826782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002795r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression is a characteristic of differentiated brown adipocytes and is linked to adipogenic differentiation. Paracrine fibroblast growth factor 8b (FGF8b) strongly induces Ucp1 transcription in white adipocytes independent of adipogenesis. Here, we report that FGF8b and other paracrine FGFs act on brown and white preadipocytes to upregulate Ucp1 expression via a FGFR1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 axis, independent of adipogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis and glycolysis upon Fgf8b treatment of preadipocytes. Oxylipin measurement by LC-MS/MS in FGF8b conditioned media identified prostaglandin E2 as a putative mediator of FGF8b induced Ucp1 transcription. RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition of the prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic pathway confirmed that PGE2 is causally involved in the control over Ucp1 transcription. Importantly, impairment of or failure to induce glycolytic flux blunted the induction of Ucp1, even in the presence of PGE2 . Lastly, a screening of transcription factors identified Nrf1 and Hes1 as required regulators of FGF8b induced Ucp1 expression. Thus, we conclude that paracrine FGFs co-regulate prostaglandin and glucose metabolism to induce Ucp1 expression in a Nrf1/Hes1-dependent manner in preadipocytes, revealing a novel regulatory network in control of Ucp1 expression in a formerly unrecognized cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gantert
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Fiona Henkel
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Department of Animal Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Haid
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ-Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Michurina SS, Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Parfyonova YV. Mitochondrial dynamics keep balance of nutrient combustion in thermogenic adipocytes. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:157-168. [PMID: 34010673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis takes place in brown and beige adipocytes and facilitates cold tolerance and acclimation. However, thermogenesis in adipose tissue also was found to be activated in metabolic overload states for fast utilization of nutrients excess. This observation spurred research interest in mechanisms of thermogenesis regulation for metabolic overload and obesity prevention. One of proposed regulators of thermogenic efficiency in adipocytes is the dynamics of mitochondria, where thermogenesis takes place. Indeed, brown and beige adipocytes exhibit fragmented round-shaped mitochondria, while white adipocytes have elongated organelles with high ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial morphology can determine uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content, efficiency of catabolic pathways and electron transport chain, supplying thermogenesis. This review will highlight the co-regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and thermogenesis and formulate hypothetical ways for excessive nutrients burning in response to mitochondrial morphology manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Michurina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - I S Stafeev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Y Menshikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye V Parfyonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jabůrek M, Průchová P, Holendová B, Galkin A, Ježek P. Antioxidant Synergy of Mitochondrial Phospholipase PNPLA8/iPLA2γ with Fatty Acid-Conducting SLC25 Gene Family Transporters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050678. [PMID: 33926059 PMCID: PMC8146845 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein PNPLA8, also termed Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ), is addressed to the mitochondrial matrix (or peroxisomes), where it may manifest its unique activity to cleave phospholipid side-chains from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions, consequently releasing either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), including oxidized FAs. Moreover, iPLA2γ is directly stimulated by H2O2 and, hence, is activated by redox signaling or oxidative stress. This redox activation permits the antioxidant synergy with mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or other SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family members by FA-mediated protonophoretic activity, termed mild uncoupling, that leads to diminishing of mitochondrial superoxide formation. This mechanism allows for the maintenance of the steady-state redox status of the cell. Besides the antioxidant role, we review the relations of iPLA2γ to lipid peroxidation since iPLA2γ is alternatively activated by cardiolipin hydroperoxides and hypothetically by structural alterations of lipid bilayer due to lipid peroxidation. Other iPLA2γ roles include the remodeling of mitochondrial (or peroxisomal) membranes and the generation of specific lipid second messengers. Thus, for example, during FA β-oxidation in pancreatic β-cells, H2O2-activated iPLA2γ supplies the GPR40 metabotropic FA receptor to amplify FA-stimulated insulin secretion. Cytoprotective roles of iPLA2γ in the heart and brain are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1084, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (B.H.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296442789
| | - Pavla Průchová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1084, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (B.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1084, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (B.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University William Black Building, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1084, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (B.H.); (P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nicholls DG. Mitochondrial proton leaks and uncoupling proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148428. [PMID: 33798544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which provides a carefully regulated proton re-entry pathway across the mitochondrial inner membrane operating in parallel to the ATP synthase and allowing respiration, and hence thermogenesis, to be released from the constraints of respiratory control. In the 40 years since UCP1 was first described, an extensive, and frequently contradictory, literature has accumulated, focused on the acute physiological regulation of the protein by fatty acids, purine nucleotides and possible additional factors. The purpose of this review is to examine, in detail, the experimental evidence underlying these proposed mechanisms. Emphasis will be placed on the methodologies employed and their relation to the physiological constraints under which the protein functions in the intact cell. The nature of the endogenous, UCP1-independent, proton leak will also be discussed. Finally, the troubled history of the putative novel uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, will be evaluated.
Collapse
|
25
|
Transcriptome analysis reveals brown adipogenic reprogramming in chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes converted from human dermal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5061. [PMID: 33658606 PMCID: PMC7930091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipogenesis contributes to controlling systemic energy balance by enhancing glucose and lipid consumptions. We have previously reported chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) directly converted from human dermal fibroblasts using a serum-free medium. In this study, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed in ciBAs in comparison with the control fibroblasts. A broad range of integrated gene expression was enhanced in functional groups including tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transfer chain, triglycerides metabolism, fatty acid and glucose metabolism, and adaptive thermogenesis. The results suggested that the chemical conversion underwent metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming closely associated with functions in brown/beige adipocytes. Moreover, we also compared the transcriptional changes to those of adipocyte browning in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs). Transcriptome analysis indicated that the same sets of metabolic and mitochondria-related genes were similarly changed in the adipocyte browning. Interestingly, ciBAs more expressed Ucp1, while AdMSC-derived adipocytes predominantly expressed Ucp2. UCP1 protein was also more expressed in ciBAs than in AdMSC-derived adipocytes. Based on the evidence that UCP1, but not UCP2, is responsible for adrenergic thermogenesis, ciBAs could be a promising model for human beige adipocytes applicable for basic research, drug development, and clinical uses.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The conundrum of hot mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148348. [PMID: 33248118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is often referred as the cellular powerhouse because the organelle oxidizes organic acids and NADH derived from nutriments, converting around 40% of the Gibbs free energy change of these reactions into ATP, the major energy currency of cell metabolism. Mitochondria are thus microscopic furnaces that inevitably release heat as a by-product of these reactions, and this contributes to body warming, especially in endotherms like birds and mammals. Over the last decade, the idea has emerged that mitochondria could be warmer than the cytosol, because of their intense energy metabolism. It has even been suggested that our own mitochondria could operate under normal conditions at a temperature close to 50 °C, something difficult to reconcile with the laws of thermal physics. Here, using our combined expertise in biology and physics, we exhaustively review the reports that led to the concept of a hot mitochondrion, which is essentially based on the development and use of a variety of molecular thermosensors whose intrinsic fluorescence is modified by temperature. Then, we discuss the physical concepts of heat diffusion, including mechanisms like phonons scattering, which occur in the nanoscale range. Although most of approaches with thermosensors studies present relatively sparse data and lack absolute temperature calibration, overall, they do support the hypothesis of hot mitochondria. However, there is no convincing physical explanation that would allow the organelle to maintain a higher temperature than its surroundings. We nevertheless proposed some research directions, mainly biological, that might help throw light on this intriguing conundrum.
Collapse
|
28
|
Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM 2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10160. [PMID: 32576879 PMCID: PMC7311527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD), administered for one-three-days, induces hypothalamic inflammation before obesity’s established, and the long term affects leptin signaling/action due to inflammation. We investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in mice fed with a chow diet leads to similar metabolic effects caused by high-fat feeding. Compared to the filtered air group (FA), one-day-exposure-PM2.5 did not affect adiposity. However, five-days-exposure-PM2.5 increased hypothalamic microglia density, toll-like-receptor-4 (Tlr4), and the inhibitor-NF-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (Ikbke) expression. Concurrently, fat mass, food intake (FI), and ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue were also increased. Besides, decreased hypothalamic STAT3-phosphorylation and Pomc expression were found after twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These were accompanied by increased FI and lower energy expenditure (EE), leading to obesity, along with increased leptin and insulin levels and HOMA. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 or knockdown of the Ikbke gene in the hypothalamus was sufficient to reverse the metabolic outcomes of twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These data demonstrated that short-term exposure-PM2.5 increases hypothalamic inflammation, similar to a HFD. Long-term exposure-PM2.5 is even worse, leading to leptin resistance, hyperphagia, and decreased EE. These effects are most likely due to chronic hypothalamic inflammation, which is regulated by Tlr4 and Ikbke signaling.
Collapse
|
29
|
Toleco MR, Naake T, Zhang Y, Heazlewood JL, R. Fernie A. Plant Mitochondrial Carriers: Molecular Gatekeepers That Help to Regulate Plant Central Carbon Metabolism. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010117. [PMID: 31963509 PMCID: PMC7020223 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of membrane-bound organelles among eukaryotes led to a highly compartmentalized metabolism. As a compartment of the central carbon metabolism, mitochondria must be connected to the cytosol by molecular gates that facilitate a myriad of cellular processes. Members of the mitochondrial carrier family function to mediate the transport of metabolites across the impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane and, thus, are potentially crucial for metabolic control and regulation. Here, we focus on members of this family that might impact intracellular central plant carbon metabolism. We summarize and review what is currently known about these transporters from in vitro transport assays and in planta physiological functions, whenever available. From the biochemical and molecular data, we hypothesize how these relevant transporters might play a role in the shuttling of organic acids in the various flux modes of the TCA cycle. Furthermore, we also review relevant mitochondrial carriers that may be vital in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, we survey novel experimental approaches that could possibly extend and/or complement the widely accepted proteoliposome reconstitution approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rey Toleco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.R.T.); (T.N.); (Y.Z.)
- School of BioSciences, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;
| | - Thomas Naake
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.R.T.); (T.N.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.R.T.); (T.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (M.R.T.); (T.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Redox Signaling from Mitochondria: Signal Propagation and Its Targets. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010093. [PMID: 31935965 PMCID: PMC7023504 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in mass spectroscopy of posttranslational oxidative modifications has enabled researchers to experimentally verify the concept of redox signaling. We focus here on redox signaling originating from mitochondria under physiological situations, discussing mechanisms of transient redox burst in mitochondria, as well as the possible ways to transfer such redox signals to specific extramitochondrial targets. A role of peroxiredoxins is described which enables redox relay to other targets. Examples of mitochondrial redox signaling are discussed: initiation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) responses; retrograde redox signaling to PGC1α during exercise in skeletal muscle; redox signaling in innate immune cells; redox stimulation of insulin secretion, and other physiological situations.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma Q, Zhou X, Hu L, Chen J, Zhu J, Shan A. Leucine and isoleucine have similar effects on reducing lipid accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity and increasing the browning of WAT in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:2279-2290. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) have similar effects in the management of obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jialiang Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jia P, Wu X, Pan T, Xu S, Hu J, Ding X. Uncoupling protein 1 inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and alleviates acute kidney injury. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:331-340. [PMID: 31678001 PMCID: PMC6945195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is predominantly found in brown adipose tissue mitochondria, and mediates energy dissipation to generate heat rather than ATP via functional mitochondrial uncoupling. However, little is known about its expression and function in kidney. METHODS We carried out a mRNA microarray analysis in mice kidneys with ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The most dramatically downregulated gene UCP1 after IR was identified, and its role in generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress injury was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic deletion of UCP1 was used to investigate the effects of UCP1 on ischemia or cisplatin-indued acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. FINDINGS UCP1 was located in renal tubular epithelial cells in kidney and downregulated in a time-dependent manner during renal IR. Deletion of UCP1 increased oxidative stress in kidneys and aggravated ischemia or cisplatin induced AKI in mice.Viral-based overexpression of UCP1 reduced mitochondrial ROS generation and apoptosis in hypoxia-treated tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, UCP1 expression was regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) γ in kidneys during renal IR. Overexpression of PPAR-γ resembled UCP1-overexpression phenotype in vitro. Treatment with PPAR-γ agonist could induce UCP1 upregulation and provide protective effect against renal IR injury in UCP1+/+mice, but not in UCP1-/-mice. INTERPRETATION UCP1 protects against AKI likely by suppressing oxidative stress, and activation of UCP1 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for AKI. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China grants, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jia
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology Laboratory, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachang Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China; Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Hemodialysis quality control center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lespessailles E, Paccou J, Javier RM, Thomas T, Cortet B. Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, and Fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4756-4768. [PMID: 30901056 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity and its associated comorbidities are a recognized and growing public health problem. For a long time, obesity-associated effects on bone were considered to strengthen the bone, mainly because of the known relationship between body weight and bone mass and the long-term weight-bearing load effect on bone. However, recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity may not have a fully protective effect on the occurrence of fragility fractures. The goal of this article is to review updated information on the link between obesity, bariatric surgery, and fractures. METHODS The primary source literature for this review was acquired by searching a published database for reviews and articles up to January 2018. Additional references were selected through the in-depth analysis of the relevant studies. RESULTS We present data showing that overweight and obesity are often encountered in fracture cases. We also analyzed possible reasons and risk factors for fractures associated with overweight and patients with obesity. In addition, this review focuses on the complex effects of dramatic changes in body composition when interpreting dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry readings and findings. Finally, we review the data on the effects and consequences of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism and the risk of fractures in patients undergoing these procedures. CONCLUSION Because of various adiposity-induced effects, patients with obesity are at risk for fracture in certain sites. Bariatric surgery increases the risk of fractures in patients undergoing malabsorptive procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lespessailles
- Department of Rheumatology, Regional Hospital of Orleans, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rose-Marie Javier
- Department of Rheumatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Nord Hospital, University Hospital of St-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is a catabolic process that consumes energy-storing molecules and expends that energy as heat in response to environmental changes. This process occurs primarily in brown and beige adipose tissue. Thermogenesis is regulated by many factors, including lipid derived paracrine and endocrine hormones called lipokines. Recently, technologic advances for identifying new lipid biomarkers of thermogenic activity have shed light on a diverse set of lipokines that act through different pathways to regulate energy expenditure. In this review, we highlight a few examples of lipokines that regulate thermogenesis. The biosynthesis, regulation, and effects of the thermogenic lipokines in several families are reviewed, including oloeylethanolamine, endocannabinoids, prostaglandin E2, and 12,13-diHOME. These thermogenic lipokines present potential therapeutic targets to combat states of excess energy storage, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Suppression of Brown Adipocyte Autophagy Improves Energy Metabolism by Regulating Mitochondrial Turnover. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143520. [PMID: 31323770 PMCID: PMC6678363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high abundance of mitochondria and the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) confer upon brown adipose tissue (BAT) the unique capacity to convert chemical energy into heat at the expense of ATP synthesis. It was long believed that BAT is present only in infants, and so, it was not considered as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome; however, the discovery of metabolically active BAT in adult humans has re-stimulated interest in the contributions of BAT metabolic regulation and dysfunction to health and disease. Here we demonstrate that brown adipocyte autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation BAT activity and systemic energy metabolism. Mice deficient in brown adipocyte autophagy due to BAT-specific deletion of Atg7-a gene essential for autophagosome generation-maintained higher mitochondrial content due to suppression of mitochondrial clearance and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Autophagy was upregulated in BAT of older mice compared to younger mice, suggesting its involvement in the age-dependent decline of BAT activity and metabolic rate. These findings suggest that brown adipocyte autophagy plays a crucial role in metabolism and that targeting this pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
36
|
Américo ALV, Muller CR, Vecchiatto B, Martucci LF, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Evangelista FS. Aerobic exercise training prevents obesity and insulin resistance independent of the renin angiotensin system modulation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215896. [PMID: 31022246 PMCID: PMC6483229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on the thermogenic response, substrate metabolism and renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC-WAT) of mice fed cafeteria diet (CAF). Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into groups CHOW-SED (chow diet, sedentary; n = 10), CHOW-TR (chow diet, trained; n = 10), CAF-SED (CAF, sedentary; n = 10) and CAF-TR (CAF, trained; n = 10). AET consisted in running sessions of 60 min at 60% of maximal speed, five days per week for eight weeks. The CAF-SED group showed higher body weight and adiposity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR), while AET prevented such damages in CAF-TR group. AET reduced the p-AKT/t-AKT ratio and increased ATGL expression in CHOW-TR and CAF-TR groups and increased t-HSL and p-HSL/t-HSL ratio in CAF-TR. AET prevented adipocyte hypertrophy in CAF-TR group and increased UCP-1 protein expression only in CHOW-TR. Serum ACE2 increased in CHOW-TR and CAF-TR groups, and Ang (1–7) increased in the CHOW-TR group. In the SC-WAT, CAF-TR group increased the expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors, whereas CHOW-TR increased Ang (1–7) and Ang (1–7)/Ang II ratio in SC-WAT. No changes were observed in ACE and Ang II. Positive correlations were observed between UCP-1 and kITT (r = 0.6), between UCP-1 and Ang (1–7) concentration (r = 0.6), and between UCP-1 and Ang (1–7)/Ang II ratio (r = 0.7). In conclusion, the AET prevented obesity and IR, reduced insulin signaling proteins and increased lipolysis signaling proteins in the SC-WAT. In addition, the CAF diet precludes the AET-induced thermogenic response and the partial modulation of the RAS suggests that the protective effect of AET against obesity and IR could not be associated with SC-WAT RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura V. Américo
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia R. Muller
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vecchiatto
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jarmuszkiewicz W, Szewczyk A. Energy-dissipating hub in muscle mitochondria: Potassium channels and uncoupling proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|