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Jia L, Yang Y, Sun F, Tao H, Lu C, Yang JJ. Mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis: Epigenetic hallmarks and therapeutic strategies. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111035. [PMID: 38182067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a significant role in the progression of liver fibrosis, with key processes such as mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial quality control in liver fibrosis, with the aim of uncovering novel therapeutic targets for treating, mitigating, and potentially reversing liver fibrosis, in light of the most recent advances in this field. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for published manuscripts using terms "mitochondrial quality control" "mitochondrial fission" "mitochondrial fusion" "mitochondrial biogenesis" "mitophagy" "liver fibrosis" "epigenetic regulation" "DNA methylation" "RNA methylation" "histone modification" and "non-coding RNA". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy regulate the homeostasis of mitochondria, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis can induce liver fibrosis. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, plays a significant role in regulating the processes of mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial quality control and epigenetic mechanisms are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Understanding these molecular interactions provides insight into potential therapeutic strategies. Further research is necessary to translate these findings into clinical applications, with a focus on developing epigenetic drugs to ameliorate liver fibrosis by modulating MQC and epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Yu S, Kalinin AA, Paraskevopoulou MD, Maruggi M, Cheng J, Tang J, Icke I, Luo Y, Wei Q, Scheibe D, Hunter J, Singh S, Nguyen D, Carpenter AE, Horman SR. Integrating inflammatory biomarker analysis and artificial-intelligence-enabled image-based profiling to identify drug targets for intestinal fibrosis. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1169-1182.e8. [PMID: 37437569 PMCID: PMC10529501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis, often caused by inflammatory bowel disease, can lead to intestinal stenosis and obstruction, but there are no approved treatments. Drug discovery has been hindered by the lack of screenable cellular phenotypes. To address this, we used a scalable image-based morphology assay called Cell Painting, augmented with machine learning algorithms, to identify small molecules that could reverse the activated fibrotic phenotype of intestinal myofibroblasts. We then conducted a high-throughput small molecule chemogenomics screen of approximately 5,000 compounds with known targets or mechanisms, which have achieved clinical stage or approval by the FDA. By integrating morphological analyses and AI using pathologically relevant cells and disease-relevant stimuli, we identified several compounds and target classes that are potentially able to treat intestinal fibrosis. This phenotypic screening platform offers significant improvements over conventional methods for identifying a wide range of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | | - Marco Maruggi
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ilknur Icke
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qun Wei
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Dan Scheibe
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joel Hunter
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deborah Nguyen
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Shane R Horman
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Li H, Zhang R, Hu Y, Li J, Yang Y, Wu D, Gu X, Zhang F, Zhou H, Yang C. Axitinib attenuates the progression of liver fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110555. [PMID: 37399607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which may eventually lead to liver failure and even death. No direct anti-fibrosis drugs are available at present. Axitinib is a new generation of potent multitarget tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors, but its role in liver fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, a CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model and a TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell model were used to explore the effect and mechanism of axitinib on hepatic fibrosis. Results confirmed that axitinib could alleviate the pathological damage of liver tissue induced by CCl4 and inhibit the production of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. It also inhibited collagen and hydroxyproline deposition and the protein expression of Col-1 and α-SMA in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, axitinib inhibited the expression of CTGF and α-SMA in TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cells. Further studies showed that axitinib inhibited mitochondrial damage and reduced oxidative stress and NLRP3 maturation. The use of rotenone and antimycin A confirmed that axitinib could restore the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby inhibiting the maturation of NLRP3. In summary, axitinib inhibits the activation of HSCs by enhancing the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III, thereby alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis. This study reveals the strong potential of axitinib in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yayue Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fubo Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Trachalaki A, Sultana N, Wells AU. An update on current and emerging drug treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37183672 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2213436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease, characterized by progressive lung scarring. AREAS COVERED Prior to antifibrotic therapy (pirfenidone and nintedanib), there was no validated pharmaceutical therapy for IPF. Both antifibrotics can slow disease progression, however, IPF remains a detrimental disease with poor prognosis and treated survival rates of less than 7 years from diagnosis. Despite their effect the disease remains non-reversible and progressing whilst their side effect profile is often challenging. Treatment of comorbidities is also crucial. In this review, we discuss the current pharmacological management as well as management of comorbidities and symptoms. We also reviewed clinicaltrials.gov and summarised all the mid to late stage clinical trials (phase II and III) registered in IPF over the last 7 years and discuss the most promising drugs in clinical development. EXPERT OPINION Future for IPF management will need to focus on current unresolved issues. First a primary pathogenetic pathway has not been clearly identified. Future management may involve a combination of brushstroke approach with antifibrotics with targeted treatments for specific pathways in patient subsets following an 'oncological' approach. Another unmet need is management of exacerbations, which are deathly in most cases as well as either treating or preventing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Trachalaki
- The Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Imperial College NHS Hospitals, London UK
| | | | - Athol Umfrey Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- The Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Imperial College NHS Hospitals, London UK
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Yang S, Xiang J, Ma C, Yang G, Wang X, Liu H, Fan G, Kang L, Liang Z. Sp1-like protein KLF13 acts as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β signaling and fibrosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112367. [PMID: 37029927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most forms of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to identify endogenous regulators of TGF-β signaling and fibrosis. Here, we show that tubulointerstitial fibrosis is aggravated by global deletion of KLF13 and attenuated by adeno-associated virus-mediated KLF13 overexpression in renal tubular epithelial cells. KLF13 recruits a repressor complex comprising SIN3A and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the TGF-β target genes, limiting the profibrotic effects of TGF-β. Temporary upregulation of TGF-β induces KLF13 expression, creating a negative feedback loop that triggers the anti-fibrotic effect of KLF13. However, persistent activation of TGF-β signaling reduces KLF13 levels through FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination degradation and HDAC-dependent mechanisms to inhibit KLF13 transcription and offset the anti-fibrotic effect of KLF13. Collectively, our data demonstrate a role of KLF13 in regulating TGF-β signaling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanyong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; The Biobank of National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Huang Y, Wang ZL, He Y, Ye LM, Guo WQ, Zhang JJ. Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction attenuates hepatic fibrosis by preventing activation of HSCs through regulating Src/ERK/Smad3 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116059. [PMID: 36549368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction (JTCD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula modified from Taohe Chengqi Decoction in the classic ancient literature of TCM "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". Clinical and pharmacological studies have shown that JTCD has a therapeutic effect on hepatic encephalopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhotic ascites, and can alleviate acute liver injury in rats. Our previous studies confirmed that JTCD could alleviate hepatic fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, its mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of Src Signal on hepatic fibrosis and HSCs activation, and whether JTCD inhibited hepatic fibrosis and HSCs activation through affecting Src Signal. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, sixty specific pathogen free male C57/BL6 mice were divided into following six groups: Control group, Model group, SARA group, JTCD low dose group, JTCD medium dose group and JTCD high dose group. Then we established a carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatic fibrosis mice model, each JTCD group was given the corresponding dose of JTCD by gavage, the SARA group was given Saracatinib and the control group was given saline, once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analyzed chemical components of JTCD. Pathological examination including Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Masson and Sirius red staining was used to observe the characteristic of hepatic fibrosis. Automatic biochemical analyzer detected the levels of alanine aminotransfease (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum. Western-blot and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) detected protein expression. In vitro, we used shRNA to knock down the expression of Src in immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2), then intervened with ERK1/2 agonists/inhibitors and JTCD-containing serum after transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) treatment. Immunofluorescence and western-blot detected protein expression. The migratory characteristic of HSCs was assessed by wound-healing assay. RESULTS We identified 135 chemical components in the water extract of JTCD, and the water extract of JTCD contains a variety of anti-hepatic fibrosis components. Compared to the model group, hepatic fibrosis performance was significantly improved, the serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly decreased in JTCD groups and SARA group, IHC staining and western blot results indicated that JTCD decreased the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phospho-Src (Tyr416), phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Smad3. In vitro, JTCD-containing serum could significantly decrease the protein expressions of α-SMA, phospho-Src (Tyr416), phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Smad3 according to the results of western-blot and immunofluorescence, in addition, JTCD-containing serum inhibited the mobility and activation of LX-2. What's more, after intervening with Src-shRNA, ERK1/2 agonists/inhibitors and JTCD-containing serum, the western-blot results showed that Src/ERK/Smad3 signal has an important role in hepatic fibrosis and HSCs, and JTCD attenuates hepatic fibrosis by preventing activation of HSCs through regulating Src/ERK/Smad3 signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that Src kinase promoted hepatic fibrosis and HSCs activation through the ERK/Smad3 signal pathway. More importantly, the mechanism by which JTCD attenuated hepatic fibrosis and HSCs activation was by inhibiting the Src/ERK/Smad3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Yi He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Lin-Mao Ye
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Wen-Qin Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
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7
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Muraine L, Bensalah M, Butler-Browne G, Bigot A, Trollet C, Mouly V, Negroni E. Update on anti-fibrotic pharmacotherapies in skeletal muscle disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 68:102332. [PMID: 36566666 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, defined as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, is the end point of a defective regenerative process, unresolved inflammation and/or chronic damage. Numerous muscle disorders (MD) are characterized by high levels of fibrosis associated with muscle wasting and weakness. Fibrosis alters muscle homeostasis/regeneration and fiber environment and may interfere with gene and cell therapies. Slowing down or reversing fibrosis is a crucial therapeutic goal to maintain muscle identity in the context of therapies. Several pathways are implicated in the modulation of the fibrotic progression and multiple therapeutic compounds targeting fibrogenic signals have been tested in MDs, mostly in the context of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of pharmacotherapies that have been tested to reduce fibrosis in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muraine
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Mona Bensalah
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France.
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France.
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Inhibition of Oncogenic Src Ameliorates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via PI3K/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010774. [PMID: 36614217 PMCID: PMC9821169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a refractory disease. Previous studies indicate that damaged alveolar epithelial cells act as a driver in pulmonary fibrosis. Our results show that epithelial cells that acquire the mesenchymal phenotype are associated with the pathogenesis of silicosis. c-Src kinase, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, has been shown to be a positive regulator of organ fibrosis, but specific mechanisms remain unclear and rarely researched in silicosis. The activated Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases/AKT(PI3K/AKT) pathway promotes fibrosis. We aimed to determine whether c-Src regulates fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the development of silicosis. C57/BL mice were intratracheally perfused with 10 mg silica suspension to establish a model of silicosis. In vivo, silica particles induced lung fibrosis. The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) exhibited a high expression in pulmonary fibrosis. The phosphorylated c-Src protein was increased and the PI3K/AKT pathway was activated in model lung tissue. In vitro, silica increased the expression of TGF-β1- and TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal phenotype and fibrosis in a mouse epithelial cells line. siRNA-Src inhibited the c-Src, the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and the mesenchymal phenotype induced by TGF-β1. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT but did not affect Src activation. SU6656, a selective Src inhibitor, attenuated fibrosis in silicosis model. In summary, c-Src promotes fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway in silica-induced lung fibrosis, and Src kinase inhibitors are potentially effective for silicosis treatment.
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Baek S, Kwon SH, Jeon JY, Lee GY, Ju HS, Yun HJ, Cho DJ, Lee KP, Nam MH. Radotinib attenuates TGFβ -mediated pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: exploring the potential of drug repurposing. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 36522756 PMCID: PMC9753032 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase (TK) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether radotinib (Rb) could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TK in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antifibrotic effects of Rb in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)1-stimulated A549 cells were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry assays. Rb inhibition of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was determined by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Rb-interfering metabolites were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Rb concentrations of up to 1000 nM did not affect the viability of A549 cells, but Rb (30 nM) significantly reduced expression of TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL)-induced ECM factors, such as Snail, Twist, and F-actin. Rb also regulated TGF-β1-overexpressed signal cascades, such as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, Rb attenuated the phosphorylation of Smad2 and phosphorylation of kinases, such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and protein kinase B. In the inhibitory test against bleomycin (5 mg/kg)-induced lung fibrosis, the Rb (30 mg/kg/daily)-treated group showed a half-pulmonary fibrosis region compared to the positive control group. In addition, Rb significantly reduced collagen type I and fibronectin expression in the bleomycin-induced fibrotic region of SD rats. Further, the identified metabolite pantothenic acid was not altered by Rb. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that Rb inhibits TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that Rb may be an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis-related disorders and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Baek
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, 84, Madeul-ro 13-gil, Dobong-gu, 01411, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeong Jeon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gong Yeal Lee
- Il Yang Pharm Co.,Ltd, 37, Hagal-ro 136 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, 17096, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Ju
- Il Yang Pharm Co.,Ltd, 37, Hagal-ro 136 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, 17096, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Yun
- Il Yang Pharm Co.,Ltd, 37, Hagal-ro 136 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, 17096, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Cho
- Il Yang Pharm Co.,Ltd, 37, Hagal-ro 136 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, 17096, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, 84, Madeul-ro 13-gil, Dobong-gu, 01411, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Pan-Src kinase inhibitor treatment attenuates diabetic kidney injury via inhibition of Fyn kinase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1086-1097. [PMID: 35918533 PMCID: PMC9440146 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. However, the specific mechanism by which SFKs contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Our preliminary transcriptome analysis suggested that SFK expression was increased in diabetic kidneys and that the expression of Fyn (a member of the SFKs), along with genes related to unfolded protein responses from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway, was upregulated in the tubules of human diabetic kidneys. Thus, we examined whether SFK-induced ER stress is associated with DKD progression. Mouse proximal tubular (mProx24) cells were transfected with Fyn or Lyn siRNA and exposed to high glucose and palmitate (HG-Pal). Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with KF-1607, a novel pan-Src kinase inhibitor (SKI) with low toxicity. The effect of KF-1607 was compared to that of losartan, a standard treatment for patients with DKD. Among the SFK family members, the Fyn and Lyn kinases were upregulated under diabetic stress. HG-Pal induced p70S6 kinase and JNK/CHOP signaling and promoted tubular injury. Fyn knockdown but not Lyn knockdown inhibited this detrimental signaling pathway. In addition, diabetic rats treated with KF-1607 showed improved kidney function and decreased ER stress, inflammation, and fibrosis compared with those treated with losartan. Collectively, these findings indicate that Fyn kinase is a specific member of the SFKs implicated in ER stress activation leading to proximal tubular injury in the diabetic milieu and that pan-SKI treatment attenuates kidney injury in diabetic rats. These data highlight Fyn kinase as a viable target for the development of therapeutic agents for DKD. Insights into a signaling pathway that promotes diabetic kidney disease could lead to new therapies that protect against this major cause of kidney failure. Past studies have suggested that the various Src family kinase (SFK) signaling proteins play a part in the cell death and scar tissue formation associated with diabetic kidney disease. Hunjoo Ha of Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues have now focused on one particular SFK, Fyn, as a direct driver of the kidney damage seen in mouse models of diabetes. Genetic interventions that selectively inhibit Fyn suppressed this damage, as did treatment with an oral drug that broadly inactivates SFKs. This experimental drug proved as effective as controlling inflammation and oxidative damage in the kidney as an already clinically approved treatment, confirming the significance of SFK signaling in this condition.
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11
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RuizdelRio J, Muñoz P, Carreira P, Maestro D, Pablos JL, Palanca A, Merino J, Serrano-Mollar A, Merino R, Tamayo E, Lopez-Hoyos M, Diaz-Gonzalez F, Martinez-Taboada V, Villar AV. Profibrotic Role of Inducible Heat Shock Protein 90α Isoform in Systemic Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:38-48. [PMID: 35715007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that affects skin and multiple internal organs. TGF-β, a central trigger of cutaneous fibrosis, activates fibroblasts with the involvement of the stress-inducible chaperone heat shock protein 90 isoform α (Hsp90α). Available evidence supports overexpression and secretion of Hsp90α as a feature in profibrotic pathological conditions. The aim of this work is to investigate the expression and function of Hsp90α in experimental models of skin fibrosis such as human fibroblasts, C57BL/6 mice, and in human SSc. For this purpose, we generated a new experimental model based on doxorubicin administration with improved characteristics with respect to the bleomycin model. We visualized disease progression in vivo by fluorescence imaging. In this work, we obtained Hsp90α mRNA overexpression in human skin fibroblasts, in bleomycin- and doxorubicin-induced mouse fibrotic skin, and in lungs of bleomycin- and doxorubicin-treated mice. Hsp90α-deficient mice showed significantly decreased skin thickness compared with wild-type mice in both animal models. In SSc patients, serum Hsp90α levels were increased in patients with lung involvement and in patients with the diffuse form of SSc (dSSc) compared with patients with the limited form of SSc. The serum Hsp90α levels of patients dSSc were correlated with the Rodnan score and the forced vital capacity variable. These results provide new supportive evidence of the contribution of the Hsp90α isoform in the development of skin fibrosis. In SSc, these results indicated that higher serum levels were associated with dSSc and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge RuizdelRio
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Muñoz
- Gerencia Atención Primaria, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Maestro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose L Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Palanca
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesus Merino
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Tamayo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Lopez-Hoyos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Federico Diaz-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victor Martinez-Taboada
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; and
| | - Ana V Villar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; .,Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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12
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Noviani M, Chellamuthu VR, Albani S, Low AHL. Toward Molecular Stratification and Precision Medicine in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911977. [PMID: 35847779 PMCID: PMC9279904 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a complex multi-systemic disease characterized by immune dysregulation, vasculopathy and fibrosis, is associated with high mortality. Its pathogenesis is only partially understood. The heterogenous pathological processes that define SSc and its stages present a challenge to targeting appropriate treatment, with differing treatment outcomes of SSc patients despite similar initial clinical presentations. Timing of the appropriate treatments targeted at the underlying disease process is critical. For example, immunomodulatory treatments may be used for patients in a predominantly inflammatory phase, anti-fibrotic treatments for those in the fibrotic phase, or combination therapies for those in the fibro-inflammatory phase. In advancing personalized care through precision medicine, groups of patients with similar disease characteristics and shared pathological processes may be identified through molecular stratification. This would improve current clinical sub-setting systems and guide personalization of therapies. In this review, we will provide updates in SSc clinical and molecular stratification in relation to patient outcomes and treatment responses. Promises of molecular stratification through advances in high-dimensional tools, including omic-based stratification (transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, cytomics, microbiomics) and machine learning will be discussed. Innovative and more granular stratification systems that integrate molecular characteristics to clinical phenotypes would potentially improve therapeutic approaches through personalized medicine and lead to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noviani
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Salvatore Albani
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Hsiu Ling Low
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Andrea Hsiu Ling Low
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13
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Bharat A, Hoetzenecker K. Lung Transplantation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Thorac Surg Clin 2022; 32:135-142. [PMID: 35512932 PMCID: PMC8802624 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We discuss evidence that suggests that a significant proportion of patients with ARDS develop end-stage lung disease and die of pulmonary complications. In carefully selected patients with permanent lung damage, lung transplant can be a life-saving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. https://twitter.com/@khoetzenecker
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14
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Szekely T, Krenacs T, Maros ME, Bodor C, Daubner V, Csizmadia A, Vrabely B, Timar B. Correlations Between the Expression of Stromal Cell Activation Related Biomarkers, L-NGFR, Phospho-ERK1-2 and CXCL12, and Primary Myelofibrosis Progression. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610217. [PMID: 35356507 PMCID: PMC8958997 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In myelofibrosis, pathologically enhanced extracellular matrix production due to aberrant cytokine signalling and clonal megakaryocyte functions result(s) in impaired hemopoiesis. Disease progression is still determined by detecting reticulin and collagen fibrosis with Gomori’s silver impregnation. Here, we tested whether the expression growth related biomarkers L-NGFR/CD271, phospho-ERK1-2 and CXCL12 can be linked to the functional activation of bone marrow stromal cells during primary myelofibrosis progression. Immunoscores for all tested biomarkers showed varying strength of positive statistical correlation with the silver impregnation based myelofibrosis grades. The intimate relationship between spindle shaped stromal cells positive for all three markers and aberrant megakaryocytes was likely to reflect their functional cooperation. L-NGFR reaction was restricted to bone marrow stromal cells and revealed the whole length of their processes. Also, L-NGFR positive cells showed the most intersections, the best statistical correlations with myelofibrosis grades and the strongest interrater agreements. CXCL12 reaction highlighted stromal cell bodies and a weak extracellular staining in line with its constitutive release. Phospho-ERK1-2 reaction showed a similar pattern to CXCL12 in stromal cells with an additional nuclear staining in agreement with its role as a transcription factor. Both p-ERK1-2 and CXCL12 were also expressed at a moderate level in sinus endothelial cells. Connexin 43 gap junction communication channels, known to be required for CXCL12 release to maintain stem cell niche, were also expressed progressively in the myelofibrotic stromal network as a support of compartmental functions. Our results suggest that, diverse growth related pathways are activated in the functionally coupled bone marrow stromal cells during myelofibrosis progression. L-NGFR expression can be a useful biological marker of stromal cell activation which deserves diagnostic consideration for complementing Gomori’s silver impregnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Szekely
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mate Elod Maros
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Csaba Bodor
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Daubner
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Csizmadia
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,3DHISTECH Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Vrabely
- Department of Pathology, Sandor Peterfy Street Hospital and Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Timar
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Huo R, Guo Q, Hu J, Li N, Gao R, Mi L, Zhang Z, Liu H, Guo Z, Zhao H, Zhang L, Xu K. Therapeutic Potential of Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Management of Interstitial Lung Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:991-998. [PMID: 35400994 PMCID: PMC8985822 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s353494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lung fibroblast proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis-induced lung damage. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is known to be activated by pro-fibrotic/pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-13, whose levels are elevated in ILD. The overexpression of growth factors such as transforming growth factor β1 in ILD activates the JAK/STAT pathway through classical or non-classical pathways, promotes macrophage activation, increases the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrosis factors, and facilitates fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. These findings implicate that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an important role in the course of ILD. Recent evidence also suggests that JAK inhibition alleviates excessive inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Accordingly, the JAK inhibitors may serve as promising drugs for the treatment of JAK/STAT-induced ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiu Huo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Guo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Mi
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hechao Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences; Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Xu, Email
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16
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Kamp JC, Neubert L, Stark H, Hinrichs JB, Boekhoff C, Seidel AD, Ius F, Haverich A, Gottlieb J, Welte T, Braubach P, Laenger F, Hoeper MM, Kuehnel MP, Jonigk DD. Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression in Fibroblastic Foci in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040664. [PMID: 35203313 PMCID: PMC8870272 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblastic foci (FF) are characteristic features of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and one cardinal feature thought to represent a key mechanism of pathogenesis. Hence, FF have a high impact on UIP/IPF diagnosis in current guidelines. However, although less frequent, these histomorphological hallmarks also occur in other fibrotic pulmonary diseases. Currently, there is therefore a gap in knowledge regarding the underlying molecular similarities and differences of FF in different disease entities. Methods: In this work, we analyzed the compartment-specific gene expression profiles of FF in IPF and sarcoidosis in order to elucidate similarities and differences as well as shared pathomechanisms. For this purpose, we used laser capture microdissection, mRNA and protein expression analysis. Biological pathway analysis was performed using two different gene expression databases. As control samples, we used healthy lung tissue that was donated but not used for lung transplantation. Results: Based on Holm Bonferroni corrected expression data, mRNA expression analysis revealed a significantly altered expression signature for 136 out of 760 genes compared to healthy controls while half of these showed a similar regulation in both groups. Immunostaining of selected markers from each group corroborated these results. However, when comparing all differentially expressed genes with the fdr-based expression data, only 2 of these genes were differentially expressed between sarcoidosis and IPF compared to controls, i.e., calcium transport protein 1 (CAT1) and SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1), both in the sarcoidosis group. Direct comparison of sarcoidosis and IPF did not show any differentially regulated genes independent from the statistical methodology. Biological pathway analysis revealed a number of fibrosis-related pathways pronounced in IPF without differences in the regulatory direction. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that FF of end-stage IPF and sarcoidosis lungs, although different in initiation, are similar in gene and protein expression, encouraging further studies on the use of antifibrotic agents in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.G.); (T.W.); (M.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Helge Stark
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Jan B. Hinrichs
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caja Boekhoff
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Allison D. Seidel
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Fabio Ius
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Gottlieb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.G.); (T.W.); (M.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.G.); (T.W.); (M.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Peter Braubach
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Florian Laenger
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Marius M. Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.G.); (T.W.); (M.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Mark P. Kuehnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (J.B.H.); (F.I.); (A.H.); (P.B.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (A.D.S.)
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17
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Wu X, Li W, Luo Z, Chen Y. The molecular mechanism of Ligusticum wallichii for improving idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A network pharmacology and molecular docking study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28787. [PMID: 35147109 PMCID: PMC8830865 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, there was no evidence that any drugs other than lung transplantation can effectively treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Ligusticum wallichii, or Chinese name Chuan xiong has been widely used in different fibrosis fields. Our aim is to use network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ligusticum wallichii to improve IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical components and targets of Ligusticum wallichii were obtained from TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction and Phammapper databases, and the targets were uniformly regulated in the Uniprot protein database after the combination. The main targets of IPF were obtained through Gencards, OMIM, TTD and DRUGBANK databases, and protein interaction analysis was carried out by using String to build PPI network. Metascape platform was used to analyze its involved biological processes and pathways, and Cytoscape3.8.2 software was used to construct "component-IPF target-pathway" network. And molecular docking verification was conducted through Auto Dock software. RESULTS The active ingredients of Ligusticum wallichii were Myricanone, Wallichilide, Perlolyrine, Senkyunone, Mandenol, Sitosterol and FA. The core targets for it to improve IPF were MAPK1, MAPK14, SRC, BCL2L1, MDM2, PTGS2, TGFB2, F2, MMP2, MMP9, and so on. The molecular docking verification showed that the molecular docking affinity of the core active compounds in Ligusticum wallichii (Myricanone, wallichilide, Perlolyrine) was <0 with MAPK1, MAPK14, and SRC. Perlolyrine has the strongest molecular docking ability, and its docking ability with SRC (-6.59 kJ/mol) is particularly prominent. Its biological pathway to improve IPF was mainly acted on the pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, and endocrine resistance, etc. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily identified the various molecular targets and multiple pathways of Ligusticum wallichii to improve IPF.
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Velagacherla V, Suresh A, Mehta CH, Nayak UY. Advances and challenges in nintedanib drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1687-1706. [PMID: 34556001 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1985460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nintedanib (N.T.B) is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved recently by U.S.F.D.A for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (I.P.F) and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (S.Sc-I.L.D). N.T.B is also prescribed in COVID-19 patients associated with I.P.F. However, it has an extremely low bioavailability of around 4.7%, and hence, researchers are attempting to address this drawback by different approaches. AREAS COVERED This review article focuses on enlisting all the formulation attempts explored by researchers to increase the bioavailability of N.T.B while also providing meaningful insight into the unexplored areas in formulation development, such as targeting of the lymphatic system and transdermal delivery. All the patents on the formulation development of N.T.B have also been summarized. EXPERT OPINION N.T.B has the potential to act on multiple diseases that are still being discovered, but its extremely low bioavailability is a challenge that is to be dealt with for obtaining the full benefit. Few studies have been performed aiming at improving the bioavailability, but there are unexplored areas that can be used, a few of which are explained in this article. However, the ability to reproduce laboratory results when scaling up to the industry level is the only factor to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varalakshmi Velagacherla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Akhil Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chetan H Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Böhm M. In search of the needle in a haystack: Finding a suitable serum biomarker for monitoring disease activity of systemic sclerosis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:880-886. [PMID: 34121239 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Montero P, Milara J, Roger I, Cortijo J. Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6211. [PMID: 34207510 PMCID: PMC8226626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise different fibrotic lung disorders characterized by cellular proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway is activated under the interaction of a broad number of profibrotic/pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-11, and IL-13, among others, which are increased in different ILDs. Similarly, several growth factors over-expressed in ILDs, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activate JAK/STAT by canonical or non-canonical pathways, which indicates a predominant role of JAK/STAT in ILDs. Between the different JAK/STAT isoforms, it appears that JAK2/STAT3 are predominant, initiating cellular changes observed in ILDs. This review analyzes the expression and distribution of different JAK/STAT isoforms in ILDs lung tissue and different cell types related to ILDs, such as lung fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial type II cells and analyzes JAK/STAT activation. The effect of JAK/STAT phosphorylation on cellular fibrotic processes, such as proliferation, senescence, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or epithelial/fibroblast to mesenchymal transition will be described. The small molecules directed to inhibit JAK/STAT activation were assayed in vitro and in in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis, and different JAK inhibitors are currently approved for myeloproliferative disorders. Recent evidence indicates that JAK inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies directed to block IL-6 are used as compassionate use to attenuate the excessive inflammation and lung fibrosis related to SARS-CoV-2 virus. These altogether indicate that JAK/STAT pathway is an attractive target to be proven in future clinical trials of lung fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (I.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (I.R.); (J.C.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Roger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (I.R.); (J.C.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (I.R.); (J.C.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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Epperly MW, Shields D, Fisher R, Hou W, Wang H, Hamade DF, Mukherjee A, Greenberger JS. Radiation-Induced Senescence in p16+/LUC Mouse Lung Compared to Bone Marrow Multilineage Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Radiat Res 2021; 196:235-249. [PMID: 34087939 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00286.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We defined the time course of ionizing radiation-induced senescence in lung compared to bone marrow of p16+/LUC mice in which the senescence-induced biomarker (p16) is linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Periodic in situ imaging revealed increased luciferase activity in the lungs of 20 Gy thoracic irradiated, but not 8 Gy total-body irradiated (TBI) mice beginning at day 75 and increasing to day 170. In serial sections of explanted lungs, senescent cells appeared in the same areas as did fibrosis in the 20 Gy thoracic irradiated, but not the 8 Gy TBI group. Lungs from 8 Gy TBI mice at one year did show increased RNA levels for p16, p21, p19 and TGF-β. Individual senescent cells in 20 Gy irradiated mouse lung included those with epithelial, endothelial, fibroblast and hematopoietic cell biomarkers. Rare senescent cells in the lungs of 8 Gy TBI mice at one year were of endothelial phenotype. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) were established at either day 60 or one year after 8 Gy TBI. In freshly removed marrow at both times after irradiation, there were increased senescent cells. In LTBMCs, there were increased senescent cells in both weekly harvested single cells and in colonies of multilineage hematopoietic progenitor cells producing CFU-GEMM (colony forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte/macrophage, megakaryocyte) that were formed in secondary cultures when these single cells were plated in semisolid media. LTBMCs from TBI mice produced fewer CFU-GEMM; however, the relative percentage of senescent cell-containing colonies was increased as measured by both p16-luciferase and β-galactosidase. Therefore, 20 Gy thoracic radiation, as well as 8 Gy TBI, induces senescent cells in the lungs. With bone marrow, 8 Gy TBI induced senescence in both hematopoietic cells and in colony-forming progenitors. The p16+/LUC mouse strain provides a valuable system in which to compare the kinetics of radiation-induced senescence between organs in vivo, and to evaluate the potential role of senescent cells in irradiation pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Diala Fatima Hamade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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Paliogiannis P, Fois SS, Fois AG, Cossu A, Palmieri G, Pintus G. Repurposing Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Antifibrotic Drugs for the Treatment of Cancer: State of the Art. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2234-2247. [PMID: 32748739 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200730173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive pulmonary disease which shares several molecular, pathophysiological and clinical aspects with lung cancer, including high mortality rates. The antifibrotic drugs Nintedanib and Pirfenidone have recently been introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of IPF. Nintedanib is also used for the treatment of several malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with Docetaxel, while Pirfenidone showed some anti-neoplastic effects in preclinical studies. On the other hand, novel targeted agents and immunotherapies have been introduced in the last decade for the treatment of NSCLC, and some of them showed anti-fibrotic properties in recent studies. These evidences, based on the common pathophysiological backgrounds of IPF and lung cancer, make possible the mutual or combined use of anti-fibrotic and anti-neoplastic drugs to treat these highly lethal diseases. The aim of the present review is to depict the current scientific landscape regarding the repurposing of anti-neoplastic drugs in IPF and anti-fibrotic drugs in lung cancer, and to identify future research perspectives on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Solveig Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Budi EH, Schaub JR, Decaris M, Turner S, Derynck R. TGF-β as a driver of fibrosis: physiological roles and therapeutic opportunities. J Pathol 2021; 254:358-373. [PMID: 33834494 DOI: 10.1002/path.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many chronic diseases are marked by fibrosis, which is defined by an abundance of activated fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of normal function of the affected organs. The initiation and progression of fibrosis are elaborated by pro-fibrotic cytokines, the most critical of which is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This review focuses on the fibrogenic roles of increased TGF-β activities and underlying signaling mechanisms in the activated fibroblast population and other cell types that contribute to progression of fibrosis. Insight into these roles and mechanisms of TGF-β as a universal driver of fibrosis has stimulated the development of therapeutic interventions to attenuate fibrosis progression, based on interference with TGF-β signaling. Their promise in preclinical and clinical settings will be discussed. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine H Budi
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Mendoza FA, Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis in systemic sclerosis and potential therapeutic role of their inhibition. Transl Res 2021; 231:139-158. [PMID: 33422651 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype ranging from limited cutaneous involvement to rapidly progressive diffuse SSc. The most severe SSc clinical and pathologic manifestations result from an uncontrolled fibrotic process involving the skin and various internal organs. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of the SSc fibrotic process have not been fully elucidated. Recently it has been suggested that tyrosine protein kinases play a role. The implicated kinases include receptor-activated tyrosine kinases and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The receptor kinases are activated following specific binding of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or vascular endothelial growth factor). Other receptor kinases are the discoidin domain receptors activated by binding of various collagens, the ephrin receptors that are activated by ephrins and the angiopoetin-Tie-2s receptors. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Abl, Src, Janus, and STATs have also been shown to participate in SSc-associated tissue fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective disease-modifying therapies for SSc-associated tissue fibrosis. Therefore, extensive investigation has been conducted to examine whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may exert antifibrotic effects. Here, we review the role of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of the frequently progressive cutaneous and systemic fibrotic alterations in SSc, and the potential of TKIs as SSc disease-modifying antifibrotic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Mendoza
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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25
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Ntari L, Nikolaou C, Kranidioti K, Papadopoulou D, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, Chouvardas P, Meier F, Geka C, Denis MC, Karagianni N, Kollias G. Combination of subtherapeutic anti-TNF dose with dasatinib restores clinical and molecular arthritogenic profiles better than standard anti-TNF treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:165. [PMID: 33892739 PMCID: PMC8063445 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have emerged in the last decades, including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. However, there is no known cure, since a significant proportion of patients remain or become non-responders to current therapies. The development of new mode-of-action treatment schemes involving combination therapies could prove successful for the treatment of a greater number of RA patients. METHODS We investigated the effect of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and bosutinib, on the human TNF-dependent Tg197 arthritis mouse model. The inhibitors were administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologics and their therapeutic effect was assessed clinically, histopathologically as well as via gene expression analysis and was compared to that of an efficient TNF monotherapy. RESULTS Dasatinib and, to a lesser extent, bosutinib inhibited the production of TNF and proinflammatory chemokines from arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts. Dasatinib, but not bosutinib, also ameliorated significantly and in a dose-dependent manner both the clinical and histopathological signs of Tg197 arthritis. Combination of dasatinib with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologic agents, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect abolishing all arthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis of whole joint tissue of Tg197 mice revealed that the combination of dasatinib with a low subtherapeutic dose of Infliximab most efficiently restores the pathogenic gene expression profile to that of the healthy state compared to either treatment administered as a monotherapy. CONCLUSION Our findings show that dasatinib exhibits a therapeutic effect in TNF-driven arthritis and can act in synergy with a subtherapeutic anti-hTNF dose to effectively treat the clinical and histopathological signs of the pathology. The combination of dasatinib and anti-hTNF exhibits a distinct mode of action in restoring the arthritogenic gene signature to that of a healthy profile. Potential clinical applications of combination therapies with kinase inhibitors and anti-TNF agents may provide an interesting alternative to high-dose anti-hTNF monotherapy and increase the number of patients responding to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Meier
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming, 34 Alexander Fleming Street, 16672, Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology and Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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26
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Theret M, Low M, Rempel L, Li FF, Tung LW, Contreras O, Chang CK, Wu A, Soliman H, Rossi FMV. In vitro assessment of anti-fibrotic drug activity does not predict in vivo efficacy in murine models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Life Sci 2021; 279:119482. [PMID: 33891939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Fibrosis is the most common complication from chronic diseases, and yet no therapy capable of mitigating its effects is available. Our goal is to unveil specific signaling regulating the fibrogenic process and to identify potential small molecule candidates that block fibrogenic differentiation of fibro/adipogenic progenitors. METHOD We performed a large-scale drug screen using muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic progenitors from a mouse model expressing EGFP under the Collagen1a1 promotor. We first confirmed that the EGFP was expressed in response to TGFβ1 stimulation in vitro. Then we treated cells with TGFβ1 alone or with drugs from two libraries of known compounds. The drugs ability to block the fibrogenic differentiation was quantified by imaging and flow cytometry. From a two-rounds screening, positive hits were tested in vivo in the mice model for the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (mdx mice). The histopathology of the muscles was assessed with picrosirius red (fibrosis) and laminin staining (myofiber size). KEY FINDINGS From the in vitro drug screening, we identified 21 drugs and tested 3 in vivo on the mdx mice. None of the three drugs significantly improved muscle histopathology. SIGNIFICANCE The in vitro drug screen identified various efficient compounds, none of them strongly inhibited fibrosis in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. To explain these observations, we hypothesize that in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, in which fibrosis is a secondary event due to chronic degeneration and inflammation, the drugs tested could have adverse effect on regeneration or inflammation, balancing off any positive effects and leading to the absence of significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Marcela Low
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lucas Rempel
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fang Fang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lin Wei Tung
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andrew Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hesham Soliman
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and the Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Hou J, Ji Q, Ji J, Ju S, Xu C, Yong X, Xu X, Muddassir M, Chen X, Xie J, Han X. Co-delivery of siPTPN13 and siNOX4 via (myo)fibroblast-targeting polymeric micelles for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3244-3261. [PMID: 33537085 PMCID: PMC7847691 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: (Myo)fibroblasts are the ultimate effector cells responsible for the production of collagen within alveolar structures, a core phenomenon in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although (myo)fibroblast-targeted therapy holds great promise for suppressing the progression of IPF, its development is hindered by the limited drug delivery efficacy to (myo)fibroblasts and the vicious circle of (myo)fibroblast activation and evasion of apoptosis. Methods: Here, a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded delivery system of polymeric micelles is developed to suppress the development of pulmonary fibrosis via a two-arm mechanism. The micelles are endowed with (myo)fibroblast-targeting ability by modifying the Fab' fragment of the anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) antibody onto their surface. Two different sequences of siRNA targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase-N13 (PTPN13, a promoter of the resistance of (myo)fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis) and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4, a key regulator for (myo)fibroblast differentiation and activation) are loaded into micelles to inhibit the formation of fibroblastic foci. Results: We demonstrate that Fab'-conjugated dual siRNA-micelles exhibit higher affinity to (myo)fibroblasts in fibrotic lung tissue. This Fab'-conjugated dual siRNA-micelle can achieve remarkable antifibrotic effects on the formation of fibroblastic foci by, on the one hand, suppressing (myo)fibroblast activation via siRNA-induced knockdown of NOX4 and, on the other hand, sensitizing (myo)fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis by siRNA-mediated PTPN13 silencing. In addition, this (myo)fibroblast-targeting siRNA-loaded micelle did not induce significant damage to major organs, and no histopathological abnormities were observed in murine models. Conclusion: The (myo)fibroblast-targeting dual siRNA-loaded micelles offer a potential strategy with promising prospects in molecular-targeted fibrosis therapy.
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Štorkánová H, Oreská S, Špiritović M, Heřmánková B, Bubová K, Komarc M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Distler JHW, Šenolt L, Bečvář R, Tomčík M. Plasma Hsp90 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and relation to lung and skin involvement: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 33414495 PMCID: PMC7791137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3341] [Impact Index Per Article: 1113.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated increased expression of Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to evaluate plasma Hsp90 in SSc and characterize its association with SSc-related features. Ninety-two SSc patients and 92 age-/sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for the cross-sectional analysis. The longitudinal analysis comprised 30 patients with SSc associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) routinely treated with cyclophosphamide. Hsp90 was increased in SSc compared to healthy controls. Hsp90 correlated positively with C-reactive protein and negatively with pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). In patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc) SSc, Hsp90 positively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin score. In SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide, no differences in Hsp90 were found between baseline and after 1, 6, or 12 months of therapy. However, baseline Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO. This study shows that Hsp90 plasma levels are increased in SSc patients compared to age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Elevated Hsp90 in SSc is associated with increased inflammatory activity, worse lung functions, and in dcSSc, with the extent of skin involvement. Baseline plasma Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO in SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Štorkánová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sabína Oreská
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Špiritović
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Heřmánková
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Bubová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Bečvář
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Dorotea D, Lee S, Lee SJ, Lee G, Son JB, Choi HG, Ahn SM, Ha H. KF-1607, a Novel Pan Src Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuates Obstruction-Induced Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:41-51. [PMID: 32690822 PMCID: PMC7771845 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs), an important group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, are suggested to be excessively activated during various types of tissue fibrosis. The present study investigated the effect of KF-1607, an orally active and a newly synthesized Src kinase inhibitor (SKI) with proposed low toxicity, in preventing the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery was performed in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to induce renal interstitial fibrosis. Either KF-1607 (30 mg/kg, oral gavage) or PP2 (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), a common experimental SKI, was administered to mice for seven days, started one day prior to surgery. UUO injury-induced SFK expression, including Src, Fyn, and Lyn kinase. SFK inhibition by KF-1607 prevented the progression of tubular injury in UUO mice, as indicated by decreases in albuminuria, urinary KIM-1 excretion, and kidney NGAL protein expression. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was attenuated in response to KF-1607, as shown by decreases in α-SMA, collagen I and IV protein expression, along with reduced Masson’s trichrome and collagen-I staining in kidneys. KF-1607 also inhibited inflammation in the UUO kidney, as exhibited by reductions in F4/80 positive-staining and protein expression of p-NFκB and ICAM. Importantly, the observed effects of KF-1607 were similar to those of PP2. A new pan Src kinase inhibitor, KF-1607, is a potential pharmaceutical agent to prevent the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Beom Son
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Ahn
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.,ImmunoForge, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang W, Ge X. The role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 135:111067. [PMID: 33383375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are key players to restore cell homeostasis and act as chaperones by assisting the folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins and preventing protein aggregation. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that HSPs have been proven to have other functions except for the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play an important role in a wider range of fibrotic diseases via modulating cytokine induction and inflammation response, including lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The recruitment of inflammatory cells, a large number of secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proteasomal system degradation are all events occurring during fibrogenesis, which might be associated with HSPs. However, their role on fibrotic process is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss new discoveries regarding the involvement of HSPs in the regulation of organ and tissue fibrosis, and note recent findings suggesting that HSPs may be a promising therapeutic target for improving the current frustrating outcome of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121666. [PMID: 33322749 PMCID: PMC7763058 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential in embryo development and maintaining normal homeostasis. Extensive evidence shows that TGF-β activation acts on several cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to form a pro-fibrotic environment, ultimately leading to fibrotic diseases. TGF-β is stored in the matrix in a latent form; once activated, it promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and remodeling in fibrosis. TGF-β signaling can also promote cancer progression through its effects on the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, TGF-β contributes to the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that have different molecular and cellular properties from activated or fibrotic fibroblasts. CAFs promote tumor progression and chronic tumor fibrosis via TGF-β signaling. Fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression share several common traits and are closely related. In this review, we consider how TGF-β promotes fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression. We also discuss recent evidence suggesting TGF-β inhibition as a defense against fibrotic disorders or CAF-mediated cancer progression to highlight the potential implications of TGF-β-targeted therapies for fibrosis and cancer.
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Talotta R. The rationale for targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. Immunotherapy 2020; 13:241-256. [PMID: 33410346 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is still debated and no therapeutic options have proved fully effective to date. The intracellular Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is highly conserved among either immune or nonimmune cells and involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Evidence from preclinical studies shows that the JAK/STAT signaling cascade has a crucial role in the differentiation of autoreactive cells as well as in the extracellular matrix remodeling that occurs in SSc. Therefore, it is likely that the use of oral small molecule JAK-inhibitors, especially if prescribed early, may prevent or slow the progression of SSc-associated ILD, but few clinical studies currently support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, University Hospital 'Gaetano Martino', via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy
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Small-Dose Sunitinib Modulates p53, Bcl-2, STAT3, and ERK1/2 Pathways and Protects against Adenine-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110397. [PMID: 33212804 PMCID: PMC7698013 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of numerous pharmacological agents may be limited due to their nephrotoxicity and associated kidney injury. The aim of our study is to test the hypothesis that the blockade of tyrosine kinase-linked receptors signaling protects against chemically induced nephrotoxicity. To test our hypothesis, we investigated sunitinib as an inhibitor for tyrosine kinase signaling for both vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) against adenine-induced nephrotoxicity. Four groups of adult male Swiss albino mice were investigated: normal group, adenine group, sunitinib group, and the adenine+sunitinib group that received concurrent administration for both adenine and sunitinib. Kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. Tubular injury and histopathological changes were examined. Renal expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), the tumor suppressor p53, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription (phospho-STAT3) were measured. The results obtained showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in kidney function and antioxidant biomarkers in the adenine+sunitinib group. Kidney fibrosis and tubular injury scores were significantly (p < 0.05) less in the adenine+sunitinib group and that of p53 expression as well. Furthermore, sunitinib decreased (p < 0.5) renal levels of TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2, and phospho-STAT3 while elevating Bcl-2 expression score. In conclusion, sunitinib diminished adenine-induced nephrotoxicity through interfering with profibrogenic pathways, activating anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and possessing potential antioxidant capabilities.
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Gad ES, Salama AAA, El-Shafie MF, Arafa HMM, Abdelsalam RM, Khattab M. The Anti-fibrotic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nintedanib in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 43:123-134. [PMID: 31646446 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung damage. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved to treat people with IPF while bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy was previously suggested to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis through the alveolar epithelial cell repair. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) therapy in comparison with nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on improving survival in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Moreover, the combined therapy of BM-MSCs and nintedanib will be evaluated. In the present study, IPF was induced through intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in rats then treatments were administered 14 days thereafter. Nintedanib (100 mg/kg, I.P.) was administered daily for 28 days, while BM-MSCs were injected once intravenously in tail vein in the dose 1 × 106 cells/ml/rat. In the present study, both treatment regimens effectively inhibited lung fibrosis through several pathways, suppressing tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD3 expression which is considered the master signaling pathway. Nintedanib and BLM-MSCs exerted their anti-inflammatory effect through minimizing the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, the histopathological examination of the lung tissue showed a significant decrease in the alveolar wall thickening, in the inflammatory infiltrate, and in the collagen fiber deposition in response to either nintedanib or BM-MSC and their combination. In conclusion, the therapeutic pulmonary anti-fibrotic activity of nintedanib or BM-MSC is mediated through their anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of SMAD-3/TGF-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - A A A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F El-Shafie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Trachalaki A, Irfan M, Wells AU. Pharmacological management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: current and emerging options. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:191-204. [PMID: 32993388 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1822326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by worsening lung scarring and the radiological/histological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Substantial progress has been made in the clinical management of IPF in the last decade. The two novel antifibrotics, Nintedanib and Pirfenidone have changed the landscape of IPF, by hindering disease progression; however, the drugs have significant discontinuation rates, due to adverse events and do not offer a definitive cure, as such IPF remains a deleterious disease with poor survival. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on the current and emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of IPF. They include a summary of the current approach including treatment of comorbidities and then discuss promising drugs in the drug pipeline. EXPERT OPINION IPF remains a disease with detrimental outcomes. The plethora of emerging pharmacological treatments brings hope for the future. The current pharmacological 'one fits all' approach has been proven effective in slowing disease progression. The future lies in an oncological approach with combination of therapies. We expect to see a change in clinical trial endpoints and a more inclusive approach for the diagnosis of IPF. ABBREVIATION LIST AE: Acute ExacerbationA-SMA: a smooth muscle actinATX: AutotaxinCOPD: Combined Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseCPFE: Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and EmphysemaGER: Gastro-esophageal refluxFVC: forced vital capacityECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenationILD: Interstitial Lung DiseaseIPF: Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisNAC: N-acetylcysteineLPA: Lysophosphatidic acidPH: Pulmonary RehabilitationPR: Pulmonary rehabilitationRCTs: randomized placebo-controlled trialsUIP: usual interstitial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Trachalaki
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Respiratory Department, Royal Brompton Hospital , London, UK
| | - Mujammil Irfan
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Respiratory Department, Royal Brompton Hospital , London, UK
| | - Athol U Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Respiratory Department, Royal Brompton Hospital , London, UK
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Wind S, Schmid U, Freiwald M, Marzin K, Lotz R, Ebner T, Stopfer P, Dallinger C. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nintedanib. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:1131-1147. [PMID: 31016670 PMCID: PMC6719436 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nintedanib is an oral, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and patients with advanced non-small cell cancer of adenocarcinoma tumour histology. Nintedanib competitively binds to the kinase domains of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Studies in healthy volunteers and in patients with advanced cancer have shown that nintedanib has time-independent pharmacokinetic characteristics. Maximum plasma concentrations of nintedanib are reached approximately 2–4 h after oral administration and thereafter decline at least bi-exponentially. Over the investigated dose range of 50–450 mg once daily and 150–300 mg twice daily, nintedanib exposure increases are dose proportional. Nintedanib is metabolised via hydrolytic ester cleavage, resulting in the formation of the free acid moiety that is subsequently glucuronidated and excreted in the faeces. Less than 1% of drug-related radioactivity is eliminated in urine. The terminal elimination half-life of nintedanib is about 10–15 h. Accumulation after repeated twice-daily dosing is negligible. Sex and renal function have no influence on nintedanib pharmacokinetics, while effects of ethnicity, low body weight, older age and smoking are within the inter-patient variability range of nintedanib exposure and no dose adjustments are required. Administration of nintedanib in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment is not recommended, and patients with mild hepatic impairment should be monitored closely and the dose adjusted accordingly. Nintedanib has a low potential for drug–drug interactions, especially with drugs metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Concomitant treatment with potent inhibitors or inducers of the P-glycoprotein transporter can affect the pharmacokinetics of nintedanib. At an investigated dose of 200 mg twice daily, nintedanib does not have proarrhythmic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Wind
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Schmid
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Freiwald
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kristell Marzin
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Lotz
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Stopfer
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Claudia Dallinger
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Awad AM, Saleh MA, Abu-Elsaad NM, Ibrahim TM. Erlotinib can halt adenine induced nephrotoxicity in mice through modulating ERK1/2, STAT3, p53 and apoptotic pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11524. [PMID: 32661331 PMCID: PMC7359038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a failed regenerative process that facilitates chronic kidney disease progression. The current study was designed to study the effect of erlotinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the progression of renal fibrosis. The study included four groups of mice: control group; adenine group: received adenine (0.2% w/w) daily with food for 4 weeks; erlotinib group: received 80 mg/kg/day erlotinib orally (6 ml/kg/day, 1.3% w/v suspension in normal saline 0.9%) for 4 weeks; adenine + erlotinib group: received adenine and erlotinib concurrently. Kidney function and antioxidant biomarkers were measured. Renal expression of Bcl2 and p53 and histopathological changes (tubular injury and renal fibrosis) were scored. Renal tissue levels of transforming growth factor-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 were measured. Results obtained showed significant decrease (P < 0.001) in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid in erlotinib + adenine group. Level of malondialdehyde was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while reduced glutathione and catalase levels were increased (P < 0.01) by erlotinib concurrent administration. Erlotinib markedly reduced fibrosis and tubular injury and decreased TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 (P < 0.5). In addition, expression level of Bcl-2 was elevated (P < 0.001) while that of p53-was reduced compared to adenine alone. Erlotinib can attenuate renal fibrosis development and progression through anti-fibrotic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Awad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Eldakahlia, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Eldakahlia, 35516, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nashwa M Abu-Elsaad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Eldakahlia, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Eldakahlia, 35516, Egypt
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Chen X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Chen K, Zhao L, Xu Y, Jiang H, Wang S. Synergistic antifibrotic effects of miR-451 with miR-185 partly by co-targeting EphB2 on hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:402. [PMID: 32467578 PMCID: PMC7256034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a global health problem currently without clinically approved drugs. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Uncovering the mechanisms underlying the fibrogenic responses in HSCs may have profound translational implications. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B2 (EphB2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been indicated to be a novel profibrotic factor involved in liver fibrogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-451 and miR-185 on the expression of EphB2 and their roles in liver fibrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We found that EphB2 upregulation is a direct downstream molecular event of decreased expression of miR-451 and miR-185 in the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, miR-451 was unexpectedly found to upregulate miR-185 expression at the post-transcriptional level by directly targeting the nuclear export receptor exportin 1 (XPO-1) and synergistically suppress HSCs activation with miR-185. To investigate the clinical potential of these miRNAs, miR-451/miR-185 agomirs were injected individually or jointly into CCl4-treated mice. The results showed that coadministration of these agomirs synergistically alleviated liver fibrosis in vivo. These findings indicate that miR-451 and miR-451/XPO-1/miR-185 axis play important and synergistic regulatory roles in hepatic fibrosis partly through co-targeting EphB2, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Limeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Hulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
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Abdalla M, Abdalla M, Siddiqi FS, Geldenhuys L, Batchu SN, Tolosa MF, Yuen DA, Dos Santos CC, Advani A. A common glomerular transcriptomic signature distinguishes diabetic kidney disease from other kidney diseases in humans and mice. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:225-236. [PMID: 32499177 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current uncertainties about the similarity between human diseases and their experimental models are hampering the development of new therapies. This is especially the case for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. To better understand the nature of the commonality between humans and their mouse models, we posed the question: in diabetic kidney disease are transcriptional profiles primarily disease-specific or species-specific? METHODS We performed a meta-comparison of the glomerular transcriptomic characteristics of 133 human and 66 mouse samples including five human kidney diseases and five mouse models, validating expression patterns of a central node by immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS Principal component analysis controlled for mouse background, revealed that gene expression changes in glomeruli from humans with DKD are more similar to those of diabetic mice than they are to other human glomerular diseases. This similarity enabled the construction of a discriminatory classifier that distinguishes diabetic glomeruli from other glomerular phenotypes regardless of their species of origin. To identify where the commonality between mice and humans with diabetes lies, networks of maximally perturbed protein interactions were examined, identifying a central role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). By immunohistochemical staining, we found EGFR to be approximately doubled in its glomerular expression in both humans and mice. INTERPRETATION These findings indicate that diabetic mouse models do mimic some of the features of human kidney disease, at least with respect to their glomerular transcriptomic signatures, and they identify EGFR as being a central player in this inter-species overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Abdalla
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ferhan S Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Sri N Batchu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica F Tolosa
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren A Yuen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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40
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Src family kinases and pulmonary fibrosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110183. [PMID: 32388241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases family. They are crucial in signal transduction and regulation of various cell biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The role and mechanism of SFKs in tumorigenesis have been widely studied. However, more and more studies have also shown that SFKs are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Myofibroblasts activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation response are three pivotal pathomechanisms in the development of pulmonary fibrotic disease. In this article, we summarize the roles of SFKs in these biological processes. SFKs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PF, making it a promising molecular target for the treatment of these diseases. We will pay special attention to the role of SFKs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and also emphasize the important findings in other pulmonary fibrotic diseases because their pathological mechanisms are similar. We will then describe the translation results obtained with SFKs inhibitors in basic and clinical studies.
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Neubert L, Borchert P, Stark H, Hoefer A, Vogel-Claussen J, Warnecke G, Eubel H, Kuenzler P, Kreipe HH, Hoeper MM, Kuehnel M, Jonigk D. Molecular Profiling of Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Pulmonary Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1382-1396. [PMID: 32275906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) are common in many lung diseases leading to right ventricular dysfunction and death. Differences in PVR result in significant prognostic divergences in both the pulmonary arterial and venous compartments, as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), respectively. Our goal was to identify compartment-specific molecular hallmarks of PVR, considering the risk of life-threatening pulmonary edema in PVOD, if treated by conventional pulmonary hypertension therapy. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from fresh explanted human lungs of patients with PVOD (n = 19), PAH (n = 20), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 13), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 15), were analyzed for inflammation and kinome-related gene regulation. The generated neuronal network differentiated PVOD from PAH samples with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92% in a randomly chosen validation set, a level far superior to established diagnostic algorithms. Further, various alterations were identified regarding the gene expression of explanted lungs with PVR, compared with controls. Specifically, the dysregulation of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 2 and protein-o-mannose kinase SGK196 in all disease groups suggests a key role in pulmonary vasculopathy for the first time. Our findings promise to help develop novel target-specific interventions and innovative approaches to facilitate clinical diagnostics in an elusive group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Paul Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Stark
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Hoefer
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hanover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Kuenzler
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hanover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marius M Hoeper
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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42
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Wu H, Gu X, Li J, Wang M, Li Y, Yuan L, Wang J, Ma E. Identification of potential platelet-derived growth factor receptor α inhibitors by computational screening and binding simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 96:107527. [PMID: 31918319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is considered as a promising target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this study, two types of pharmacophore model, which generated by ligand-based and receptor-based method, were put forward to identify novel chemical entities as PDGFRα inhibitors. It was found that some pharmacophore characteristics established by the two approaches overlap each other. In order to elucidate detailed interactions, representative molecules were selected to predict the conformations and binding modes of the molecules by molecular docking method. The calculation results of binding free energy illustrated that the van der Waals energy and nonpolar solvation were the most prominent contribution to the interactions between the inhibitors and PDGFRα. To further verify the accuracy of the docking results and the stability of the complexes system, the binding modes of two potent PDGFRα inhibitors were examined by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Herein, we reported the basic structural requirements of PDGFRα inhibitors for the first time through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, the two pharmacophore models were used for virtual screening to query potential active molecules from Food and Drug Administration approved database. The hit molecules here might provide additional scaffolds for further optimization of PDGFRα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Jinling Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Enlong Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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43
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Soare A, Györfi HA, Matei AE, Dees C, Rauber S, Wohlfahrt T, Chen C, Ludolph I, Horch RE, Bäuerle T, Hörsten S, Mihai C, Distler O, Ramming A, Schett G, Distler JHW. Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 as a Marker of Activated Fibroblasts and a Potential Target for the Treatment of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 72:137-149. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Soare
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, and Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
| | - Hermina A. Györfi
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Alexandru E. Matei
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas Wohlfahrt
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Chih‐Wei Chen
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Ingo Ludolph
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Stephan Hörsten
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Carina Mihai
- University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
| | | | - Andreas Ramming
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Jörg H. W. Distler
- Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
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44
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Bigaeva E, Stribos EGD, Mutsaers HAM, Piersma B, Leliveld AM, de Jong IJ, Bank RA, Seelen MA, van Goor H, Wollin L, Olinga P, Boersema M. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling attenuates fibrogenesis in an ex vivo model of human renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F117-F134. [PMID: 31736352 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00108.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor translation from animal studies to human clinical trials is one of the main hurdles in the development of new drugs. Here, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a translational model to study renal fibrosis and to investigate whether inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors, with the selective inhibitor nintedanib, can halt fibrosis in murine and human PCKS. We used renal tissue of murine and human origins to obtain PCKS. Control slices and slices treated with nintedanib were studied to assess viability, activation of tyrosine kinase receptors, cell proliferation, collagen type I accumulation, and gene and protein regulation. During culture, PCKS spontaneously develop a fibrotic response that resembles in vivo fibrogenesis. Nintedanib blocked culture-induced phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Furthermore, nintedanib inhibited cell proliferation and reduced collagen type I accumulation and expression of fibrosis-related genes in healthy murine and human PCKS. Modulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis was achieved already at 0.1 μM, whereas high concentrations (1 and 5 μM) elicited possible nonselective effects. In PCKS from human diseased renal tissue, nintedanib showed limited capacity to reverse established fibrosis. In conclusion, nintedanib attenuated the onset of fibrosis in both murine and human PCKS by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptors; however, the reversal of established fibrosis was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bigaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G D Stribos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bram Piersma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Leliveld
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Igle J de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Lu Y, Lv F, Kong M, Chen X, Duan Y, Chen X, Sun D, Fang M, Xu Y. A cAbl-MRTF-A Feedback Loop Contributes to Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31681772 PMCID: PMC6805704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to myofibroblasts is a hallmark event in liver fibrosis. Previous studies have led to the discovery that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) is a key regulator of HSC trans-differentiation or, activation. In the present study we investigated the interplay between MRTF-A and c-Abl (encoded by Abl1), a tyrosine kinase, in this process. We report that hepatic expression levels of c-Abl were down-regulated in MRTF-A knockout (KO) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates in several different models of liver fibrosis. MRTF-A deficiency also resulted in c-Abl down-regulation in freshly isolated HSCs from the fibrotic livers of mice. MRTF-A knockdown or inhibition repressed c-Abl in cultured HSCs in vitro. Further analyses revealed that MRTF-A directly bound to the Abl1 promoter to activate transcription by interacting with Sp1. Reciprocally, pharmaceutical inhibition of c-Abl suppressed MRTF-A activity. Mechanistically, c-Abl activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which in turn phosphorylated MRTF-A and promoted MRTF-A nuclear trans-localization. In conclusion, our data suggest that a c-Abl-MRTF-A positive feedback loop contributes to HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fangqiao Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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46
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Wollin L, Distler JHW, Denton CP, Gahlemann M. Rationale for the evaluation of nintedanib as a treatment for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2019; 4:212-218. [PMID: 35382502 PMCID: PMC8922567 DOI: 10.1177/2397198319841842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis. Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease is characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis and a reduction in pulmonary function. Effective treatments for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease are lacking. In addition to clinical similarities, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease shows similarities to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the pathophysiology of the underlying fibrotic processes. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease culminate in a self-sustaining pathway of pulmonary fibrosis in which fibroblasts are activated, myofibroblasts accumulate, and the excessive extracellular matrix is deposited. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nintedanib slows disease progression by decreasing the rate of lung function decline. In this review, we summarize the antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and attenuated vascular remodeling effects of nintedanib demonstrated in in vitro studies and in animal models of aspects of systemic sclerosis. Nintedanib interferes at multiple critical steps in the pathobiology of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, providing a convincing rationale for its investigation as a potential therapy. Finally, we summarize the design of the randomized placebo-controlled SENSCIS® trial that is evaluating the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jörg HW Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Aschner Y, Downey GP. The Importance of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Control of Cellular Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Disease: pY and pY Not. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:535-547. [PMID: 29812954 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0049tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues is an essential signaling mechanism by which diverse cellular processes are closely regulated. The tight temporal and spatial control of the tyrosine phosphorylation status of proteins by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is critical to cellular homeostasis as well as to adaptations to the external environment. Via regulation of cellular signaling cascades involving other protein kinases and phosphatases, receptors, adaptor proteins, and transcription factors, PTKs and PTPs closely control diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation, and maintenance of cellular barrier function. Given these key regulatory roles, it is not surprising that dysfunction of PTKs and PTPs is important in the pathogenesis of human disease, including many pulmonary diseases. The roles of various PTKs and PTPs in acute lung injury and repair, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, and inflammatory airway disease are discussed in this review. It is important to note that although there is overlap among many of these proteins in various disease states, the mechanisms by which they influence the pathogenesis of these conditions differ, suggesting wide-ranging roles for these enzymes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gregory P Downey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and.,3 Department of Medicine.,4 Department of Pediatrics, and.,5 Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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48
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Zhang J, Chu M. Differential roles of VEGF: Relevance to tissue fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10945-10951. [PMID: 30793361 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive extracellular matrix deposition and pathological vascularization are characteristics of fibrosis, which compromises the normal functioning of organs. Although whether angiogenesis can be induced and can occur in parallel with the progression of fibrosis has not been definitely determined, angiogenesis undoubtedly plays a vital role in fibrosis. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most effective proangiogenic factors, VEGF-targeting interventions have been a focus for the development of therapeutic strategies against fibrosis. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the role of VEGF and its relevant mechanisms in fibrotic biology. We especially expect to provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of VEGF-targeted therapy strategies to restore vascular function in the organs affected by fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Nan Gang, China
| | - Maolin Chu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Nan Gang, China
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49
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Sun Z, Wang W, Yu D, Mao Y. Differentially expressed genes between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hereditas 2019; 156:17. [PMID: 31178673 PMCID: PMC6549285 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is accumulating to characterise the key differences between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are similar but distinct systemic autoimmune diseases. However, the differences at the genetic level are not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify key differential genes between patients with SSc and RA. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SSc and RA biopsies. The DEGs were then functionally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with Cytoscape software. The Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin was also used to evaluate the biological importance of the constructed gene modules. Results A total of 13,556 DEGs were identified between the five SSc patients and seven RA patients, including 13,465 up-regulated genes and 91 down-regulated genes. Interestingly, the most significantly enriched GO terms of up- and down-regulated genes were related to extracellular involvement and immune activity, respectively, and the top six highly enriched KEGG pathways were related to the same processes. In the PPI network, the top 10 hub nodes and top four modules harboured the most relevant genes contributing to the differences between SSc and RA, including key genes such as IL6, EGF, JUN, FGF2, BMP2, FOS, BMP4, LRRK2, CTNNB1, EP300, CD79, and CXCL13. Conclusions These genes such as IL6, EGF, JUN, FGF2, BMP2, FOS, BMP4, LRRK2, CTNNB1, EP300, CD79, and CXCL13 can serve as new targets for focused research on the distinct molecular pathogenesis of SSc and RA. Furthermore, these genes could serve as potential biomarkers for differential diagnoses or therapeutic targets for treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0091-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Degang Yu
- 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chung A, English J, Volkmann ER. Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: Lessons Learned from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-019-00121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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