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Levina AS, Repkova MN, Netesova NA, Ternovoi VA, Mazurkov OY, Filippova EI, Mazurkova NA, Zarytova VF. Substantial Antiviral Potential of Deoxyribozymes Fixed on Anatase Nanoparticles Against Influenza A Viruses in vitro and in vivo. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1202-1208. [PMID: 37879408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a high threat to humanity because of a lack of proper effective antiviral drugs and resistance of viruses to existing vaccines. We describe the sufficient anti-IAV effect of Ans/PL-Dz nanocomposites that contain deoxyribozymes (Dz) immobilized on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (Ans) through polylysine linker (PL). The Dz-containing nanocomposites appear to be more efficient than the Ans/PL-ODN nanocomposites that contain common oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) targeted to the same RNA regions of the viral genome. The simultaneous use of nanocomposites that contain Dz and ODN, which are targeted to different sites of viral RNA provides a higher overall effect than the independent action of each of them (synergism). The inhibition of IAV with the proposed nanocomposites was shown to be effective, sequence-specific, and dose-dependent. The most efficient Ans/PL-Dz nanocomposite exhibited a high antiviral effect in vivo on mice models. The efficiency of IAV inhibition with this nanocomposite in vitro and in vivo is higher than that for the approved antiflu drug oseltamivir. The results open the prospect of creating a unique antiviral agent suitable for IAV suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya S Levina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Marina N Repkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nina A Netesova
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region 630559, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ternovoi
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region 630559, Russia
| | - Oleg Yu Mazurkov
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region 630559, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Filippova
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region 630559, Russia
| | - Natalia A Mazurkova
- FBRI State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region 630559, Russia
| | - Valentina F Zarytova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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2
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Xu G, Yang Y, Lin Y, Bai Y. GEO dataset mining analysis reveals novel Staphylococcus aureus virulence gene regulatory networks and diagnostic targets in mice. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1381334. [PMID: 38606287 PMCID: PMC11007229 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1381334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection is a serious, worldwide health concern, particularly in many communities and hospitals. Understanding the S. aureus pathogenetic regulatory network will provide significant insights into diagnostic target screening to improve clinical treatment of diseases caused by S. aureus. We screened differentially expressed genes between normal mice and S. aureus-infected mice. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets database for functional analysis (GO-analysis) and the DAVID and KEGG databases for signaling pathway analyses. We next integrated the gene and pathway analyses with Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database (TRED) to build an antimicrobial resistance gene regulatory network of S. aureus. We performed association analysis of network genes and diseases using DAVID online annotation tools. We identified a total of 437 virulence genes and 15 transcription factors (TFs), as well as 444 corresponding target genes, in the S. aureus TF regulatory network. We screened seven key network nodes (Met, Mmp13, Il12b, Il4, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Ctsl), four key transcription factors (Jun, C3, Spil, and Il6) and an important signaling pathway (TNF). We hypothesized that the cytokine activity and growth factor activity of S. aureus are combinatorically cross-regulated by Met, Mmp13, Il12b, Il4, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Ctsl genes, the TFs Jun, C3, Spi1, and Il6, as well as the immune response, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, and inflammatory response. Our study provides information and reference values for the molecular understanding of the S. aureus pathogenetic gene regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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3
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Sun Z, Zhang W, Li J, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li Z. H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Downregulates FcRY Expression in Chicken Macrophage Cell Line HD11 by Activating the JNK MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2650. [PMID: 38473897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus causes reduced production performance and immunosuppression in chickens. The chicken yolk sac immunoglobulins (IgY) receptor (FcRY) transports from the yolk into the embryo, providing offspring with passive immunity to infection against common poultry pathogens. FcRY is expressed in many tissues/organs of the chicken; however, there are no reports investigating FcRY expression in chicken macrophage cells, and how H9N2-infected HD11 cells (a chicken macrophage-like cell line) regulate FcRY expression remains uninvestigated. This study used the H9N2 virus as a model pathogen to explore the regulation of FcRY expression in avian macrophages. FcRY was highly expressed in HD11 cells, as shown by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, and indirect immunofluorescence indicated that FcRY was widely expressed in HD11 cells. HD11 cells infected with live H9N2 virus exhibited downregulated FcRY expression. Transfection of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding each viral protein of H9N2 into HD11 cells revealed that nonstructural protein (NS1) and matrix protein (M1) downregulated FcRY expression. In addition, the use of a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator inhibited the expression of FcRY, while a JNK inhibitor antagonized the downregulation of FcRY expression by live H9N2 virus, NS1 and M1 proteins. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter system showed that both the M1 protein and the transcription factor c-jun inhibited FcRY expression at the transcriptional level. Taken together, the transcription factor c-jun was a negative regulator of FcRY, while the live H9N2 virus, NS1, and M1 proteins downregulated the FcRY expression through activating the JNK signaling pathway. This provides an experimental basis for a novel mechanism of immunosuppression in the H9N2 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Chaudhary RK, L A, Patil P, Mateti UV, Sah S, Mohanty A, Rath RS, Padhi BK, Malik S, Jassim KH, Al-Shammari MA, Waheed Y, Satapathy P, Barboza JJ, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R. System Biology Approach to Identify the Hub Genes and Pathways Associated with Human H5N1 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1269. [PMID: 37515084 PMCID: PMC10385284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION H5N1 is a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that can infect humans and has an estimated fatality rate of 53%. As shown by the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging and re-emerging viruses such as H5N1 have the potential to cause another pandemic. Thus, this study outlined the hub genes and pathways associated with H5N1 infection in humans. METHODS The genes associated with H5N1 infection in humans were retrieved from the NCBI Gene database using "H5N1 virus infection" as the keyword. The genes obtained were investigated for protein-protein interaction (PPI) using STRING version 11.5 and studied for functional enrichment analysis using DAVID 2021. Further, the PPI network was visualised and analysed using Cytoscape 3.7.2, and the hub genes were obtained using the local topological analysis method of the cytoHubba plugin. RESULTS A total of 39 genes associated with H5N1 infection in humans significantly interacted with each other, forming a PPI network with 38 nodes and 149 edges modulating 74 KEGG pathways, 76 biological processes, 13 cellular components, and 22 molecular functions. Further, the PPI network analysis revealed that 33 nodes interacted, forming 1056 shortest paths at 0.282 network density, along with a 1.947 characteristic path length. The local topological analysis predicted IFNA1, IRF3, CXCL8, CXCL10, IFNB1, and CHUK as the critical hub genes in human H5N1 infection. CONCLUSION The hub genes associated with the H5N1 infection and their pathways could serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for H5N1 infection among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananthesh L
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Venkat Mateti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjit Sah
- Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha 442001, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, India
| | - Rama S Rath
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand, India
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chakrata Road, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | | | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 4861, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Huo C, Tang Y, Li X, Han D, Gu Q, Su R, Liu Y, Reiter RJ, Liu G, Hu Y, Yang H. Melatonin alleviates lung injury in H1N1-infected mice by mast cell inactivation and cytokine storm suppression. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011406. [PMID: 37200384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 infection is a constant threat to human health and it remains so due to the lack of an effective treatment. Since melatonin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule with anti-viral action, in the present study we used melatonin to protect against H1N1 infection under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The death rate of the H1N1-infected mice was negatively associated with the nose and lung tissue local melatonin levels but not with serum melatonin concentrations. The H1N1-infected AANAT-/- melatonin-deficient mice had a significantly higher death rate than that of the WT mice and melatonin administration significantly reduced the death rate. All evidence confirmed the protective effects of melatonin against H1N1 infection. Further study identified that the mast cells were the primary targets of melatonin action, i.e., melatonin suppresses the mast cell activation caused by H1N1 infection. The molecular mechanisms involved melatonin down-regulation of gene expression for the HIF-1 pathway and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release from mast cells; this resulted in a reduction in the migration and activation of the macrophages and neutrophils in the lung tissue. This pathway was mediated by melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) since the MT2 specific antagonist 4P-PDOT significantly blocked the effects of melatonin on mast cell activation. Via targeting mast cells, melatonin suppressed apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and the lung injury caused by H1N1 infection. The findings provide a novel mechanism to protect against the H1N1-induced pulmonary injury, which may better facilitate the progress of new strategies to fight H1N1 infection or other IAV viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijing Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ly CY, Pfannenstiel J, Pant A, Yang Z, Fehr AR, Rodzkin MS, Davido DJ. Inhibitors of One or More Cellular Aurora Kinases Impair the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Other DNA and RNA Viruses with Diverse Genomes and Life Cycles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0194322. [PMID: 36537798 PMCID: PMC9927324 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01943-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We utilized a high-throughput cell-based assay to screen several chemical libraries for inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) gene expression. From this screen, four aurora kinase inhibitors were identified that potently reduced gene expression during HSV-1 lytic infection. HSV-1 is known to interact with cellular kinases to regulate gene expression by modulating the phosphorylation and/or activities of viral and cellular proteins. To date, the role of aurora kinases in HSV-1 lytic infection has not been reported. We demonstrated that three aurora kinase inhibitors strongly reduced the transcript levels of immediate-early (IE) genes ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27 and impaired HSV-1 protein expression from all classes of HSV-1, including ICP0, ICP4, ICP8, and gC. These restrictions caused by the aurora kinase inhibitors led to potent reductions in HSV-1 viral replication. The compounds TAK 901, JNJ 7706621, and PF 03814735 decreased HSV-1 titers by 4,500-, 13,200-, and 8,400-fold, respectively, when present in a low micromolar range. The antiviral activity of these compounds correlated with an apparent decrease in histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10ph) during viral infection, suggesting that the phosphorylation status of H3 influences HSV-1 gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the aurora kinase inhibitors also impaired the replication of other RNA and DNA viruses. These inhibitors significantly reduced yields of vaccinia virus (a poxvirus, double-stranded DNA, cytoplasmic replication) and mouse hepatitis virus (a coronavirus, positive-sense single-strand RNA [ssRNA]), whereas vesicular stomatitis virus (rhabdovirus, negative-sense ssRNA) yields were unaffected. These results indicated that the activities of aurora kinases play pivotal roles in the life cycles of diverse viruses. IMPORTANCE We have demonstrated that aurora kinases play a role during HSV-1 lytic infection. Three aurora kinase inhibitors significantly impaired HSV-1 immediate-early gene expression. This led to a potent reduction in HSV-1 protein expression and viral replication. Together, our results illustrate a novel role for aurora kinases in the HSV-1 lytic cycle and demonstrate that aurora kinase inhibitors can restrict HSV-1 replication. Furthermore, these aurora kinase inhibitors also reduced the replication of murine coronavirus and vaccinia virus, suggesting that multiple viral families utilize the aurora kinases for their own replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y. Ly
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jessica Pfannenstiel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Anil Pant
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Zhilong Yang
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Maxim S. Rodzkin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - David J. Davido
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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7
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Meineke R, Stelz S, Busch M, Werlein C, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. FDA-Approved Inhibitors of RTK/Raf Signaling Potently Impair Multiple Steps of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Influenza A Virus Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092058. [PMID: 36146864 PMCID: PMC9504178 DOI: 10.3390/v14092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) infections pose a burden on global public health with significant morbidity and mortality. The limited range of currently licensed IV antiviral drugs is susceptible to the rapid rise of resistant viruses. In contrast, FDA-approved kinase inhibitors can be repurposed as fast-tracked host-targeted antivirals with a higher barrier of resistance. Extending our recent studies, we screened 21 FDA-approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) and identified seven candidates as potent inhibitors of pandemic and seasonal IV infections. These SMKIs were further validated in a biologically and clinically relevant ex vivo model of human precision-cut lung slices. We identified steps of the virus infection cycle affected by these inhibitors (entry, replication, egress) and found that most SMKIs affected both entry and egress. Based on defined and overlapping targets of these inhibitors, the candidate SMKIs target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated activation of Raf/MEK/ERK pathways to limit influenza A virus infection. Our data and the established safety profiles of these SMKIs support further clinical investigations and repurposing of these SMKIs as host-targeted influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Stelz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Busch
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Xie P, Yan LJ, Zhou HL, Cao HH, Zheng YR, Lu ZB, Yang HY, Ma JM, Chen YY, Huo C, Tian C, Liu JS, Yu LZ. Emodin Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via the JNK/Nur77/c-Jun Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:717271. [PMID: 35370650 PMCID: PMC8968870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.717271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious inflammatory disease with clinical manifestations of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Presently, there is no effective treatment of ALI. Although emodin from Rheum palmatum L. exerts anti-ALI properties, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of emodin on LPS-induced ALI in mice. Methods: RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish larvae were stimulated by LPS to establish inflammatory models. The anti-inflammatory effect of emodin was assessed by ELISA, flow cytometric analysis, and survival analysis. In vitro mechanisms were explored by using Western blotting, luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach. The acute lung injury model in mice was established by the intratracheal administration of LPS, and the underlying mechanisms were assessed by detecting changes in histopathological and inflammatory markers and Western blotting in lung tissues. Results: Emodin inhibited the inflammatory factor production and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and prolonged the survival of zebrafish larvae after LPS stimulation. Emodin suppressed the expression levels of phosphorylated JNK at Thr183/tyr182 and phosphorylated Nur77 at Ser351 and c-Jun, and increased the expression level of Nur77 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while these regulatory effects of emodin on Nur77/c-Jun were counteracted by JNK activators. The overexpression of JNK dampened the emodin-mediated increase in Nur77 luciferase activity and Nur77 expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of emodin on c-Jun can be attenuated by Nur77 siRNA. Furthermore, emodin alleviated LPS-induced ALI in mice through the regulation of the JNK/Nur77/c-Jun pathway. Conclusions: Emodin protects against LPS-induced ALI through regulation on JNK/Nur77/c-Jun signaling. Our results indicate the potential of emodin in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xie
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Yan
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ling Zhou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Zheng
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Yi Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Mei Ma
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yao Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Huo
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Tian
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Zhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Zhou B, Wang L, Liang Y, Li J, Pan X. Arctiin suppresses H9N2 avian influenza virus-mediated inflammation via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:289. [PMID: 34836523 PMCID: PMC8620712 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect avian and mammalian hosts and provide internal genes for new emerging highly pathogenic avian viruses that cause severe pneumonia with high mortality, for which few medications are available. Arctiin, a bioactive lignan glycoside, has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological properties. However, the effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection is unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection and the underlying molecular mechanism in vitro. METHODS The antiviral effect against H9N2 virus was determined by plaque reduction assay (PRA) and progeny virus reduction assay. We employed MTT assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western blotting to better understand the anti-inflammatory effect and corresponding mechanism of arctiin on H9N2 virus-infected cells. RESULTS The results showed that arctiin had antiviral activity against H9N2 virus. Arctiin treatment reduced H9N2 virus-triggered proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, arctiin significantly suppressed H9N2 virus-mediated expression of COX-2 and PGE2. Furthermore, we found that arctiin inhibited H9N2 virus-mediated activation of RIG-I/JNK MAPK signaling. Interestingly, arctiin treatment obviously reversed H9N2 virus-induced reduction of Nrf2, increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and upregulated Nrf2 signaling target genes (HO-1 and SOD2). Zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp)-an HO-1 inhibitor-weakened the inhibitory effect of arctiin on H9N2 virus-induced RIG-I/JNK MAPK and proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of arctiin on H9N2 virus infection may be due to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and blocked RIG-I/JNK MAPK signaling; thus, arctiin may be a promising agent for prevention and treatment of H9N2 virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixian Zhou
- Center of stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Linxin Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9, XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yueyun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, NO. 195, Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiping Pan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9, XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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10
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Jastrzębski JP, Grzybek M, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV. Viruses 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34960643 PMCID: PMC8708055 DOI: 10.3390/v13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the "white chicks syndrome" associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV-chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at -70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens' spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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11
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Mann-Nüttel R, Ali S, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Alferink J, Scheu S. The transcription factor reservoir and chromatin landscape in activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:37. [PMID: 34544361 PMCID: PMC8454182 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by direct binding to regulatory regions of target genes but also by impacting chromatin landscapes and modulating DNA accessibility for other TFs. In recent years several TFs have been defined that control cell fate decisions and effector functions in the immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune cell type with the unique capacity to produce high amounts of type I interferons quickly in response to contact with viral components. Hereby, this cell type is involved in anti-infectious immune responses but also in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To date, the global TF reservoir in pDCs early after activation remains to be fully characterized. Results To fill this gap, we have performed a comprehensive analysis in naïve versus TLR9-activated murine pDCs in a time course study covering early timepoints after stimulation (2 h, 6 h, 12 h) integrating gene expression (RNA-Seq) and chromatin landscape (ATAC-Seq) studies. To unravel the biological processes underlying the changes in TF expression on a global scale gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed. We found that 70% of all genes annotated as TFs in the mouse genome (1014 out of 1636) are expressed in pDCs for at least one stimulation time point and are covering a wide range of TF classes defined by their specific DNA binding mechanisms. GO analysis revealed involvement of TLR9-induced TFs in epigenetic modulation, NFκB and JAK-STAT signaling, and protein production in the endoplasmic reticulum. pDC activation predominantly “turned on” the chromatin regions associated with TF genes. Our in silico analyses pointed at the AP-1 family of TFs as less noticed but possibly important players in these cells after activation. AP-1 family members exhibit (1) increased gene expression, (2) enhanced chromatin accessibility in their promoter region, and (3) a TF DNA binding motif that is globally enriched in genomic regions that were found more accessible in pDCs after TLR9 activation. Conclusions In this study we define the complete set of TLR9-regulated TFs in pDCs. Further, this study identifies the AP-1 family of TFs as potentially important but so far less well characterized regulators of pDC function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-00991-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mann-Nüttel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Münster, Germany.,Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Münster, Germany.,Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Tang Y, Yang G, Li Y, Wang M, Li G, Hu Y. Protective effects of SP600125 on mice infected with H1N1 influenza A virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2151-2158. [PMID: 34014386 PMCID: PMC8134817 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause high morbidity and mortality globally every year. Myriad host kinases and their related signaling pathways are involved in IAV infection, and the important role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway during infection has been demonstrated. SP600125, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, was found in our previous study to suppress IAV replication in vitro. In this study, we established a mouse model of H1N1 IAV infection and treated the mice with SP600125 to study its protective effect. The results showed that SP600125 treatment reduced the pulmonary inflammatory response, lung injury, and pulmonary viral load and increased the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice. Our data confirm the crucial role of c-Jun N terminal kinase in H1N1 virus replication and inflammatory responses in vivo. Hence, we speculate that SP600125 has a potential antiviral therapeutic benefit against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Gebin Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Huo C, Tian J, Cheng J, Xiao J, Chen M, Zou S, Tian H, Wang M, Sun H, Hu Y. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Effectiveness of Defective Viral Particles Arising in Mast Cells Against Influenza in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585254. [PMID: 33304349 PMCID: PMC7693459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Defective viral particles (DPs) often arise during IAV replication, which can interfere with the replication of infectious viruses and stimulate the antiviral response of host cells. Therefore, DPs are expected to have immune-protective functions in clinic. However, the potent immunogenicity and effectiveness of DPs arising in mast cells during IAV replication have not been reported. In the present study, we showed that DPs generated in the human mastocytoma cell line HMC-1 following H1N1 infection were safe to mice after vaccination. Compared with lung adenocarcinoma cells, A549, DPs generated in infected mast cells had much better immunostimulatory activity, enhancing both humoral and cellular immunity of hosts. Notably, they could significantly increase the expression of immune-associated cytokines, especially the IFN-γ. Due to the robust immunogenicity, thus DPs generated in infected mast cells could stimulate the robust protective immune reaction effectively to fight against lethal IAV re-challenge after vaccination, which result in the high survival, decreased lung injury as well as inhibition of viral replication and inflammatory response in lungs. This study is the first to illustrate and explore the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of DPs arising in mast cells against influenza as favorable potential vaccination. The results provide insight into the advances of new prophylactic strategies to fight influenza by focusing on DPs generated in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mingyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Huo C, Cheng J, Xiao J, Chen M, Zou S, Tian H, Wang M, Sun L, Hao Z, Hu Y. Defective Viral Particles Produced in Mast Cells Can Effectively Fight Against Lethal Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:553274. [PMID: 33250863 PMCID: PMC7671969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.553274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (H5N1-HPAIV) infection. Defective viral particles (DPs) can interfere with the replication of infectious viruses and stimulate the innate immune response of host cells. However, DPs arising from mast cells during HPAIV replication and their potent antiviral actions has not been reported. Here, we showed that the human mastocytoma cell line, HMC-1, allowed for the productive replication of the H5N1-HPAIV. Compared with alveolar cell line A549, DPs were propagated preferentially and abundantly in mast cells following IAV infection, which can be attributed to the wide existence of Argonaute 2 (AGO2) in HMC-1 cells. In addition, DPs generated in H5N1-infected cells could provide great therapeutic protection on mice to fight against various influenza A viruses, which included not only homologous H5N1-HPAIV, but also heterologous H1N1, H3N2, H7N2, and H9N2. Importantly, DPs generated in H5N1-infected HMC-1 cells could diminish viral virulence in vivo and in vitro by triggering a robust antiviral response through type II interferon signaling pathways. This study is the first to illustrate the arising of DPs in H5N1-HPAIV infected mast cells and explore their favorable ability to protect mice from influenza A viruses infection, which provides a novel insight and valuable information for the progress of new strategies to fight influenza A viruses infection, especially highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection by focusing on the DPs generated in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mingyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Chang L, Yuan W, Zhu L. β-cantenin is potentially involved in the regulation of c-Jun signaling following bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108804. [PMID: 32827927 PMCID: PMC7414362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BoHV-1 infection promotes nucleus accumulation of p-c-Jun(S73) and p-β-catenin(S552) The association between β-catenin and c-Jun in in nucleus is readily detected following BoHV-1 infection. BoHV-1 infection stimulates the expression and activation of c-Jun potentially through β-catenin. BoHV-1 infection leads to relocalization of nucleus c-Jun to form specific foci.
C-Jun, activated by various extracellular signals, is important for cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. We have previously reported that bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in MDBK cells stimulates the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun cascade for efficient replication. However, the mechanisms regarding the regulation of c-Jun following BoHV-1 infection remain unknown. In this study, we show that virus infection increases accumulation of p-c-Jun(S73) (phosphorylated c-Jun at Ser73) and p-β-catenin(S552) in the nucleus, resulting in relocalized nuclear p-c-Jun(S73) to assemble in highlighted punctum via a confocal microscope assay. An association between β-catenin and c-Jun in the nucleus was readily detected in virus-infected, but not mock-infected cells. Interestingly, β-catenin was found to be involved in the regulation of c-Jun signaling in virus-infected cells as iCRT14, a β-catenin-specific inhibitor that can inhibit β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity, was able to decrease protein expression and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Furthermore, we suggest that BoHV-1 infection stimulates c-Jun phosphorylation regulated by β-catenin via both c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent and JNK-independent mechanisms. These data add to our knowledge regarding the regulation of c-Jun following virus infection and further support the important roles of β-catenin signaling playing in BoHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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16
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George PM, Wells AU, Jenkins RG. Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2020; 8:807-815. [PMID: 32422178 PMCID: PMC7228727 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the end of April, 2020, over 3 million people had been confirmed infected, with over 1 million in the USA alone, and over 215 000 deaths. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major risk factors for severe COVID-19 are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), namely increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. However, the role of antifibrotic therapy in patients with IPF who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the scientific rationale for their continuation or cessation, is poorly defined. Furthermore, several licensed and potential antifibrotic compounds have been assessed in models of acute lung injury and viral pneumonia. Data from previous coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as emerging data from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest there could be substantial fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antifibrotic therapies that are available or in development could have value in preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with IPF, have the potential to treat severe COVID-19 in patients without IPF, and might have a role in preventing fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M George
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Athol U Wells
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Gisli Jenkins
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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17
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Yu J, Sun X, Goie JYG, Zhang Y. Regulation of Host Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071067. [PMID: 32709018 PMCID: PMC7409222 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major respiratory viral disease caused by infections from the influenza A virus (IAV) that persists across various seasonal outbreaks globally each year. Host immune response is a key factor determining disease severity of influenza infection, presenting an attractive target for the development of novel therapies for treatments. Among the multiple signal transduction pathways regulating the host immune activation and function in response to IAV infections, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important signalling axes, downstream of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activated by IAVs that regulate various cellular processes in immune cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, aberrant MAPK activation underpins overexuberant production of inflammatory mediators, promoting the development of the “cytokine storm”, a characteristic of severe respiratory viral diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the regulatory roles of MAPK in immune responses against IAVs is not only essential for understanding the pathogenesis of severe influenza, but also critical for developing MAPK-dependent therapies for treatment of respiratory viral diseases. In this review, we will summarise the current understanding of MAPK functions in both innate and adaptive immune response against IAVs and discuss their contributions towards the cytokine storm caused by highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabo Yu
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Programme, University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiang Sun
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Programme, University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; (J.Y.); (X.S.)
| | - Jian Yi Gerald Goie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
- The Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
- The Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-65166407
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18
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Hussain S, Xie YJ, Li D, Malik SI, Hou JC, Leung ELH, Fan XX. Current strategies against COVID-19. Chin Med 2020; 15:70. [PMID: 32665783 PMCID: PMC7344049 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently was declared a pandemic by world health organization (WHO) Due to sudden outbreaks, currently, no completely effective vaccine or drug is clinically approved. Several therapeutic strategies can be envisaged to prevent further mortality and morbidity. Based on the past contribution of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and immune-based therapies as a treatment option in crucial pathogen outbreaks, we aimed to summarize potential therapeutic strategies that could be helpful to stop further spread of SARS-CoV-2 by effecting its structural components or modulation of immune responses. Several TCM with or without modification could be effective against the structural protein, enzymes, and nucleic acid should be tested from available libraries or to identify their immune-stimulatory activities to enhance several antiviral biological agents for effective elimination of SARS-CoV-2 from the host. TCM is not only effective in the direct inhibition of virus attachment and internalization in a cell but can also prevent their replication and can also help to boost up host immune response. Immune-modulatory effects of TCMs may lead to new medications and can guide us for the scientific validity of drug development. Besides, we also summarized the effective therapies in clinical for controlling inflammation. This review will be not only helpful for the current situation of COVID-19, but can also play a major role in such epidemics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ya-Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Wante’er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Shaukat Iqbal Malik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jin-cai Hou
- Beijing Wante’er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR China
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Wang Q, Fang P, He R, Li M, Yu H, Zhou L, Yi Y, Wang F, Rong Y, Zhang Y, Chen A, Peng N, Lin Y, Lu M, Zhu Y, Peng G, Rao L, Liu S. O-GlcNAc transferase promotes influenza A virus-induced cytokine storm by targeting interferon regulatory factor-5. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7086. [PMID: 32494619 PMCID: PMC7159909 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated an essential function of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP)-associated O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) signaling in influenza A virus (IAV)-induced cytokine storm. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a key enzyme for protein O-GlcNAcylation, mediated IAV-induced cytokine production. Upon investigating the mechanisms driving this event, we determined that IAV induced OGT to bind to interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), leading to O-GlcNAcylation of IRF5 on serine-430. O-GlcNAcylation of IRF5 is required for K63-linked ubiquitination of IRF5 and subsequent cytokine production. Analysis of clinical samples revealed that IRF5 is O-GlcNAcylated, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with higher levels of blood glucose in IAV-infected patients. We identified a molecular mechanism by which HBP-mediated O-GlcNAcylation regulates IRF5 function during IAV infection, highlighting the importance of glucose metabolism in IAV-induced cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Human Province, China
| | - Peining Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection of the Ministry of Education and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Aidong Chen
- Department of physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Nanfang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University,Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Human Province, China
- Human Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liqun Rao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Human Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Human Province, China
- Human Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Corresponding author.
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20
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p-STAT1 regulates the influenza A virus replication and inflammatory response in vitro and vivo. Virology 2019; 537:110-120. [PMID: 31493649 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection activates various intracellular signaling pathways, which is mediated by the transcription factors. Here, a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of A549 cells after infection with influenza A virus (H5N1) was performed and we found that the transcription factor STAT1 was highly activated. Unexpectedly, upon inhibition of p-STAT1, titers of progeny virus and viral protein synthesis were both reduced. The STAT1 inhibitor Fludarabine (FLUD) inhibited an early progeny step in viral infection and reduced the levels of influenza virus genomic RNA (vRNA). Concomitantly, there was reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines in p-STAT1 inhibited cells. In vivo, suppression of p-STAT1 improved the survival of H5N1 virus-infected mice, reduced the pulmonary inflammatory response and viral burden. Thus, our data demonstrated a critical role for p-STAT1 in influenza virus replication and inflammatory responses. We speculate that STAT1 is an example of a putative antiviral signaling component to support effective replication.
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21
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Elbahesh H, Gerlach T, Saletti G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Response Modifiers: Tweaking the Immune Response Against Influenza A Virus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:809. [PMID: 31031778 PMCID: PMC6473099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite causing pandemics and yearly epidemics that result in significant morbidity and mortality, our arsenal of options to treat influenza A virus (IAV) infections remains limited and is challenged by the virus itself. While vaccination is the preferred intervention strategy against influenza, its efficacy is reduced in the elderly and infants who are most susceptible to severe and/or fatal infections. In addition, antigenic variation of IAV complicates the production of efficacious vaccines. Similarly, effectiveness of currently used antiviral drugs is jeopardized by the development of resistance to these drugs. Like many viruses, IAV is reliant on host factors and signaling-pathways for its replication, which could potentially offer alternative options to treat infections. While host-factors have long been recognized as attractive therapeutic candidates against other viruses, only recently they have been targeted for development as IAV antivirals. Future strategies to combat IAV infections will most likely include approaches that alter host-virus interactions on the one hand or dampen harmful host immune responses on the other, with the use of biological response modifiers (BRMs). In principle, BRMs are biologically active agents including antibodies, small peptides, and/or other (small) molecules that can influence the immune response. BRMs are already being used in the clinic to treat malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Repurposing such agents would allow for accelerated use against severe and potentially fatal IAV infections. In this review, we will address the potential therapeutic use of different BRM classes to modulate the immune response induced after IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
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22
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Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. Influenza Virus Infections and Cellular Kinases. Viruses 2019; 11:E171. [PMID: 30791550 PMCID: PMC6410056 DOI: 10.3390/v11020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major cause of respiratory illness and are responsible for yearly epidemics associated with more than 500,000 annual deaths globally. Novel IAVs may cause pandemic outbreaks and zoonotic infections with, for example, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of the H5N1 and H7N9 subtypes, which pose a threat to public health. Treatment options are limited and emergence of strains resistant to antiviral drugs jeopardize this even further. Like all viruses, IAVs depend on host factors for every step of the virus replication cycle. Host kinases link multiple signaling pathways in respond to a myriad of stimuli, including viral infections. Their regulation of multiple response networks has justified actively targeting cellular kinases for anti-cancer therapies and immune modulators for decades. There is a growing volume of research highlighting the significant role of cellular kinases in regulating IAV infections. Their functional role is illustrated by the required phosphorylation of several IAV proteins necessary for replication and/or evasion/suppression of the innate immune response. Identified in the majority of host factor screens, functional studies further support the important role of kinases and their potential as host restriction factors. PKC, ERK, PI3K and FAK, to name a few, are kinases that regulate viral entry and replication. Additionally, kinases such as IKK, JNK and p38 MAPK are essential in mediating viral sensor signaling cascades that regulate expression of antiviral chemokines and cytokines. The feasibility of targeting kinases is steadily moving from bench to clinic and already-approved cancer drugs could potentially be repurposed for treatments of severe IAV infections. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of cellular kinases to IAV infections and their value as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Khachigian LM. Deoxyribozymes as Catalytic Nanotherapeutic Agents. Cancer Res 2019; 79:879-888. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang J, Ruan T, Sheng T, Wang J, Sun J, Wang J, Prinz RA, Peng D, Liu X, Xu X. Role of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) activation in influenza A virus-induced autophagy and replication. Virology 2019; 526:1-12. [PMID: 30316042 PMCID: PMC6424123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of different influenza A virus (IAV) strains can differentially regulate the activity of c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) and PI-3 kinase (PI3K). Whether varying JNK and PI3K activation impacts autophagy and IAV replication differently remains uncertain. Here we report that H5N1 (A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005) influenza A virus induced functional autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3 lipidation and decreased p62 levels, and the presence of autolysosomes in chicken fibroblast cells. H9N2 (A/chicken/Shanghai/F/98) virus weakly induced autophagy, whereas H1N1 virus (A/PR/8/34, PR8) blocked autophagic flux. H5N1 virus activated JNK but inhibited the PI-3 kinase pathway. In contrast, N9N2 virus infection led to modest JNK activation and strong PI-3 kinase activation; whereas H1N1 virus activated the PI-3 kinase pathway but did not activate JNK. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, inhibited H5N1 virus-induced autophagy and virus replication in a DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line. Our study uncovered a previously unrecognized role of JNK in IAV replication and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tianyu Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Center for Immunological Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston IL60201, USA
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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25
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Yang P, Yao D, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Ning P, Li S, Ma H, Zhang Y. c-Jun regulates the promoter of small subunit hemocyanin gene of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:639-647. [PMID: 30366093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin (HMC) is a respiratory glycoprotein, which also plays multifunctional non-specific innate immune defense functions in shrimp. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the hemocyanin gene expression have not been reported. In the present study, we cloned a 4324 bp fragment of small subunit hemocyanin (HMCs) gene of Litopenaeus vannamei including the 5'-flanking region, from upstream 2475 bp to downstream 1849 bp (exon 1-intron 1-exon 2) by genome walking method. Four deletion constructs were then generated and their promoter activity assessed using the luciferase reporter system. Interestingly, we identified an alternative promoter (+1516/+1849 bp) located in exon 2, which has stronger promoter activity than the full-length or the other constructs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the alternative promoter region contains two conserved binding sites of the transcription factor c-Jun. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that Litopenaeus vannamei c-Jun (Lvc-Jun) binds to the region +1582/+1589 bp and +1831/+1837 bp of the alternative promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of Lvc-Jun significantly increased the alternative promoter activity, while co-transfection with dsRNA-Lvc-Jun significantly reduced the alternative promoter activity of HMCs. Taken together, our present data indicate that the transcription factor Lvc-Jun is essential for the transcriptional regulation of the HMCs gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Pei Ning
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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26
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Cai H, Cho EA, Li Y, Sockler J, Parish CR, Chong BH, Edwards J, Dodds TJ, Ferguson PM, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA, Halliday GM, Khachigian LM. Melanoma protective antitumor immunity activated by catalytic DNA. Oncogene 2018; 37:5115-5126. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Chen X, Zhou L, Peng N, Yu H, Li M, Cao Z, Lin Y, Wang X, Li Q, Wang J, She Y, Zhu C, Lu M, Zhu Y, Liu S. MicroRNA-302a suppresses influenza A virus-stimulated interferon regulatory factor-5 expression and cytokine storm induction. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21291-21303. [PMID: 29046356 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, cytokine storms play a vital and critical role in clinical outcomes. We have previously reported that microRNA (miR)-302c regulates IAV-induced IFN expression by targeting the 3'-UTR of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase. In the current study, we found that miR-302a, another member of the miR-302 cluster, controls the IAV-induced cytokine storm. According to results from cell-based and knockout mouse models, IAV induces a cytokine storm via interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF-5). We also found that IAV infection up-regulates IRF-5 expression and that IRF-5 in turn promotes IAV replication. Furthermore, we observed that IRF-5 is a direct target of miR-302a, which down-regulated IRF-5 expression by binding its 3'-UTR. Moreover, IAV increased IRF-5 expression by down-regulating miR-302a expression. Interestingly, miR-302a inhibited IAV replication. In IAV-infected patients, miR-302a expression was down-regulated, whereas IRF-5 expression was up-regulated. Taken together, our work uncovers and defines a signaling pathway implicated in an IAV-induced cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Li Zhou
- the Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanfang Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Haisheng Yu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Mengqi Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Zhongying Cao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Yong Lin
- the Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Xueyu Wang
- the Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- the Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- the Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214005, China
| | - Yinglong She
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China, and
| | - Mengji Lu
- the Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Ying Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
| | - Shi Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, and
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28
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Monsanto-Hearne V, Asad S, Asgari S, Johnson KN. Drosophila microRNA modulates viral replication by targeting a homologue of mammalian cJun. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1904-1912. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verna Monsanto-Hearne
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sultan Asad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karyn N. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Abstract
Emerging pathogenic viruses such as Ebola and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can cause acute infections through the evasion of the host's antiviral immune responses and by inducing the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. This immune dysregulation, termed a cytokine storm or hypercytokinemia, is potentially fatal and is a significant underlying factor in increased mortality of infected patients. The prevalence of global outbreaks in recent years has offered opportunities to study the progression of various viral infections and have provided an improved understanding of hypercytokinemia associated with these diseases. However, despite this increased knowledge and the study of the infections caused by a range of emerging viruses, the therapeutic options still remain limited. This review aims to explore alternative experimental strategies for treating hypercytokinemia induced by the Ebola, avian influenza and Dengue viruses; outlining their modes of action, summarizing their preclinical assessments and potential clinical applications.
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30
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Meng D, Huo C, Wang M, Xiao J, Liu B, Wei T, Dong H, Zhang G, Hu Y, Sun L. Influenza A Viruses Replicate Productively in Mouse Mastocytoma Cells (P815) and Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production through TLR3 Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2130. [PMID: 28127293 PMCID: PMC5226950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause acute respiratory infection in both humans and animals. As a member of the initial lines of host defense system, the role of mast cells during IAV infection has been poorly understood. Here, we characterized for the first time that both avian-like (α-2, 3-linked) and human-like (α-2, 6- linked) sialic acid (SA) receptors were expressed by the mouse mastocytoma cell line (P815). The P815 cells did support the productive replication of H1N1 (A/WSN/33), H5N1 (A/chicken/ Henan/1/04) and H7N2 (A/chicken/Hebei/2/02) in vitro while the in vivo infection of H5N1 in mast cells was confirmed by the specific staining of nasal mucosa and lung tissue from mice. All the three viruses triggered the infected P815 cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-2, CCL-5, and IP-10, but not the antiviral type I interferon. It was further confirmed that TLR3 pathway was involved in P815 cell response to IAV-infection. Our findings highlight the remarkable tropism and infectivity of IAV to P815 cells, indicating that mast cells may be unneglectable player in the development of IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., LtdBeijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Tangting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang S. DNAzymes Dz13 target the c-jun possess antiviral activity against influenza A viruses. Microb Pathog 2016; 103:155-161. [PMID: 28039102 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of anti-influenza A virus drugs resistant strain highlights the need for more effective therapy. Our earlier study demonstrated that c-jun, a downstream molecule of JNK, might be important in viral infections and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we explored the function of DNAzymes Dz13 that target c-jun in influenza A virus infected mice. Dz13 displayed non-toxic side effects on A549 cells and BALB/c mice. Moreover, Dz13-treated mice had enhanced survival after influenza compared with untreated mice. Simultaneously, the pulmonary inflammatory responses and viral burden were decreased in Dz13 treated mice. Furthermore, proliferation levels of infection-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were impaired. These data demonstrated that Dz13 could reduce viral replication and inflammatory response in vivo, suggesting that Dz13 may potentially be used to treat influenza A viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopei Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shouping Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Sanhu Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Zhu L, Yuan C, Huang L, Ding X, Wang J, Zhang D, Zhu G. The activation of p38MAPK and JNK pathways in bovine herpesvirus 1 infected MDBK cells. Vet Res 2016; 47:91. [PMID: 27590675 PMCID: PMC5010765 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that BHV-1 infection activates Erk1/2 signaling. Here, we show that BHV-1 provoked an early-stage transient and late-stage sustained activation of JNK, p38MAPK and c-Jun signaling in MDBK cells. C-Jun phosphorylation was dependent on JNK. These early events were partially due to the viral entry process. Unexpectedly, reactive oxygen species were not involved in the later activation phase. Interestingly, only activated JNK facilitated the viral multiplication identified through both chemical inhibitor and siRNA. Collectively, this study provides insight into our understanding of early stages of BHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiuyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,The Test Center of Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Hu Y, Hu Y, Sun L, Wong J, Wang M. Antiviral effects of liposome-encapsulated PolyICLC against Dengue virus in a mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:913-8. [PMID: 27524246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first investigation of the antiviral effects of the liposome-encapsulated PolyICLC (LE-PolyICLC) on Dengue virus (DENV) in a mouse model. In vivo efficacy studies showed that LE-PolyICLC acted to increase antiviral mechanisms mainly through promoting cytokine expression associated with innate immunity, such as IFN-γ. In addition, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was also increased, while IL-6 level was decreased in serum. The titers of total antibodies against DENV2 in mice were also elevated. Administration of LE-PolyICLC not only alleviated the loss of body weight, degree of morbidity, and pathological damage in brains, but also reduced the viral titers and expression of viral E protein in the brain. Notably, the effectiveness of LE-PolyICLC was better than PolyICLC on the basis of the data presented in this study. These results, therefore, set a foundation for further development of LE-PolyICLC as an attractive candidate of antiviral agents to be used in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings in DENV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jonathan Wong
- Biotechnology, DRDC, Box 4000, Station Main, Medicine Hat, Alta T1A 8K6, Canada.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bioproduction and Chemical Medicine of the Minstry of Agriculture, Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, No. 156 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100095, China.
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The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in H5N1 influenza A virus RNA and protein synthesis. Arch Virol 2015; 161:345-51. [PMID: 26559961 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The activation of c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) was previously shown to be required for efficient influenza A virus replication, although a detailed mechanism has not been reported. In this study, we found that replication of H5N1 influenza virus was influenced by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. The results of time course experiments suggested that SP600125 inhibited an early post-entry step of viral infection but did not affect nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex. The levels of influenza virus genomic RNA (vRNA), but not the corresponding cRNA or mRNA, were specifically reduced by SP600125 in virus-infected cells, indicating that the JNK protein is intimately involved in vRNA synthesis. Additionally, SP600125 affected H5N1 virus protein synthesis, because NS1, PB1, PB2, HA and M1 protein production was impaired. Thus, our data demonstrated a critical role of the JNK protein in the regulation of vRNA and protein synthesis during virus infection. This enhances our understanding of the complicated signal transduction network involved in influenza A virus replication.
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Yao D, Ruan L, Xu X, Shi H. Identification of a c-Jun homolog from Litopenaeus vannamei as a downstream substrate of JNK in response to WSSV infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:282-289. [PMID: 25530093 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun, a major substrate of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), participates in regulating gene transcription in response to various stimuli, including cytokines, stress signals, bacterial and viral infection. Results from our previous studies suggested that Litopenaeus vannamei JNK (LvJNK) could be utilized by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) to facilitate viral replication and gene expression. In this article, a c-Jun homolog from Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as Lvc-Jun) was cloned and its role in WSSV infection was studied. Sequence analysis displayed that Lvc-Jun was a novel homolog of c-Jun family, which contained characteristic Jun and basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domains, and two conserved serine phosphorylation sites (Ser49/59). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that Lvc-Jun mRNAs were expressed in all examined tissues. Further investigation determined that Lvc-Jun was located in the nucleus through self-interaction and its phosphorylation levels could be reduced by JNK inhibitor, suggesting that Lvc-Jun could be regulated by LvJNK through phosphorylation and function as a transcription regulator in a homodimer. During the process of WSSV infection, the transcription levels of Lvc-Jun were up-regulated associating with the raising expression and phosphorylation levels of its protein. Moreover, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), a potent inducer of c-Jun, could remarkably promote viral immediate-early gene wsv069 transcription in crayfish hemocytes. Conclusively, our results provided experimental evidences that Lvc-Jun was engaged in WSSV infection and further implied that JNK-c-Jun signaling pathway might be important for WSSV replication and viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Yao
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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Fokina AA, Stetsenko DA, François JC. DNA enzymes as potential therapeutics: towards clinical application of 10-23 DNAzymes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:689-711. [PMID: 25772532 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1025048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ongoing studies on the inhibition of gene expression at the mRNA level have identified several types of specific inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, ribozymes and DNAzymes (Dz). After its discovery in 1997, the 10-23 Dz (which can cleave RNA efficiently and site-specifically, has flexible design, is independent from cell mechanisms, does not require expensive chemical modifications for effective use in vivo) has been employed to downregulate a range of therapeutically important genes. Recently, 10-23 Dzs have taken their first steps into clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review focuses predominantly on Dz applications as potential antiviral, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents as well as for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and diseases of CNS, summarizing results of their clinical trials up to the present day. EXPERT OPINION In comparison with antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, Dzs do not usually show off-target effects due to their high specificity and lack of immunogenicity in vivo. As more results of clinical trials carried out so far are gradually becoming available, Dzs may turn out to be safe and well-tolerated therapeutics in humans. Therefore, there is a good chance that we may witness a deoxyribozyme drug reaching the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesya A Fokina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
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Wei S, Huang Y, Huang X, Qin Q. Characterization of c-Jun from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides involved in SGIV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:230-240. [PMID: 25555808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear phosphoprotein c-Jun is a member of the AP1 family of transcription activating complex, can be induced by various extracellular stimuli such as virus infection. In this study, the c-Jun gene (Ec-c-Jun) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The full-length Ec-c-Jun cDNA is composed of 2046 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 328 amino acids with 81% identity of zebrafish. Amino acid alignment analysis indicated that Ec-c-Jun contained three conserved domains including a transactivation domain (TAD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and leucine zipper domain (LZD). RT-PCR results showed that Ec-c-Jun transcript was most abundant in spleen, kidney, heart and gill. The expression of Ec-c-Jun was up-regulated after challenged with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). To investigate the roles of Ec-c-Jun during SGIV infection, we constructed its dominant-negative mutant (DN-Ec-c-Jun) by deleting the major TAD that lacks amino acids 3-122. Fluorescence microscopy observation revealed that Ec-c-Jun and DN-Ec-c-Jun were expressed predominantly in the nucleus in transfected cells. Interestingly, the green fluorescence of Ec-c-Jun was congregated and co-localized with virus assembly sites at the late stage of SGIV infection. However, in DN-Ec-c-Jun transfected cells, no virus assembly sites were observed, and the distribution of fluorescence remained unchanged. Moreover, overexpression of DN-Ec-c-Jun in vitro delayed the occurrence of CPE induced by SGIV infection and inhibited the virus gene transcription. In addition, ectopic expression of DN-Ec-c-Jun was able to inhibit SGIV induced c-Jun/AP1 promoter activity in GS cells. Thus, we proposed that c-Jun transcription factor was essential for SGIV replication in vitro. Our results will contribute to understanding the crucial roles of JNK signaling pathway in fish virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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