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Li Y, Yang J, Sun Z, Niu J, Wang G. Overexpression of MPV17/PMP22-like protein 2 gene decreases production of radical oxygen species in Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38924097 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The northward shift of Pyropia yezoensis aquaculture required the breeding of germplasms with tolerance to the oxidative stress due to the high light conditions of the North Yellow Sea area. The MPV17/PMP22 family proteins were identified as a molecule related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Here, one of the MPV17 homolog genes designated as PyM-LP2 was selected for functional identification by introducing the encoding sequence region/reverse complementary fragment into the Py. yezoensis genome. Although the photosynthetic activity, the respiratory rate, and the ROS level in wild type (WT) and different gene-transformed algal strains showed similar levels under normal conditions, the overexpression (OE) strain exhibited higher values of photosynthesis, respiration, and reducing equivalents pool size but lower intracellular ROS production under stress conditions compared with the WT. Conversely, all the above parameters showed opposite variation trends in RNAi strain as those in the OE strain. This implied that the PyM-LP2 protein was involved in the mitigation of the oxidative stress. Sequence analysis revealed that this PyM-LP2 protein was assorted to peroxisomes and might serve as a poring channel for transferring malate (Mal) to peroxisomes. By overexpressing PyM-LP2, the transfer of Mal from chloroplasts to peroxisomes was enhanced under stress conditions, which promoted photorespiration and ultimately alleviated excessive reduction of the photosynthetic electron chain. This research lays the groundwork for the breeding of algae with enhanced resistance to oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfeng Niu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Nagy N, Hádinger N, Tóth O, Rácz GA, Pintér T, Gál Z, Urbán M, Gócza E, Hiripi L, Acsády L, Vértessy BG. Characterization of dUTPase expression in mouse postnatal development and adult neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13139. [PMID: 38849394 PMCID: PMC11161619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzyme dUTPase has an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity. In mouse, nuclear and mitochondrial isoforms of the enzyme have been described. Here we present the isoform-specific mRNA expression levels in different murine organs during development using RT-qPCR. In this study, we analyzed organs of 14.5-day embryos and of postnatal 2-, 4-, 10-week- and 13-month-old mice. We demonstrate organ-, sex- and developmental stage-specific differences in the mRNA expression levels of both isoforms. We found high mRNA expression level of the nuclear isoform in the embryo brain, and the expression level remained relatively high in the adult brain as well. This was surprising, since dUTPase is known to play an important role in proliferating cells, and mass production of neural cells is completed by adulthood. Thus, we investigated the pattern of the dUTPase protein expression specifically in the adult brain with immunostaining and found that dUTPase is present in the germinative zones, the subventricular and the subgranular zones, where neurogenesis occurs and in the rostral migratory stream where neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb. These novel findings suggest that dUTPase may have a role in cell differentiation and indicate that accurate dTTP biosynthesis can be vital, especially in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Nagy
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Hádinger
- Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, HUN-REN, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Otília Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Attila Rácz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Pintér
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Martin Urbán
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Elen Gócza
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Hiripi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Laboratory Animal Science Coordination Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Acsády
- Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, HUN-REN, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Li B, Wang H, Jiang C, Zeng X, Zhang T, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Tissue Distribution of mtDNA Copy Number And Expression Pattern of An mtDNA-Related Gene in Three Teleost Fish Species. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad029. [PMID: 37705694 PMCID: PMC10495257 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleosts are the most speciose vertebrates and have diverse swimming performance. Based on swimming duration and speed, teleosts are broadly divided into sustained, prolonged, and burst swimming fish. Teleosts with different swimming performance have different energy requirements. In addition, energy requirement also varies among different tissues. As mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is correlated with ATP production, we speculated that mtDNA copy number varies among fish with different swimming performance, as well as among different tissues. In other species, mtDNA copy number is regulated by tfam (mitochondrial transcription factor A) through mtDNA compaction and mito-genome replication initiation. In order to clarify the tissue distribution of mtDNA copy number and expression pattern of tfam in teleosts with disparate swimming performance, we selected representative fish with sustained swimming (Pseudocaranx dentex), prolonged swimming (Takifugu rubripes), and burst swimming (Paralichthys olivaceus). We measured mtDNA copy number and tfam gene expression in 10 tissues of these three fish. The results showed the mtDNA content pattern of various tissues was broadly consistent among three fish, and high-energy demanding tissues contain higher mtDNA copy number. Slow-twitch muscles with higher oxidative metabolism possess a greater content of mtDNA than fast-twitch muscles. In addition, relatively higher mtDNA content in fast-twitch muscle of P. olivaceus compared to the other two fish could be an adaptation to their frequent burst swimming demands. And the higher mtDNA copy number in heart of P. dentex could meet their oxygen transport demands of long-distance swimming. However, tfam expression was not significantly correlated with mtDNA copy number in these teleosts, suggesting tfam may be not the only factor regulating mtDNA content among various tissues. This study can lay a foundation for studying the role of mtDNA in the adaptive evolution of various swimming ability in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Marine Life research center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - H Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - C Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - X Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - T Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industry Co., Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - S Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Marine Life research center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Z Zhuang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Rationale and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122588. [PMID: 36559079 PMCID: PMC9782427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense. This review re-establishes the most recent evidence on mitochondrial defects that are thought to be relevant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and that may represent promising therapeutic targets for its prevention/treatment. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of action and translational potential of promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems, including molecules able to boost the metabolism and bioenergetics, counteract apoptosis, antioxidants to scavenge reactive species and decrease oxidative stress, and target mitophagy. Even though these mitochondria-delivered strategies demonstrate to be promising in preclinical models, their use needs to be promoted for clinical studies. Therefore, there is a compelling demand to further understand the mechanisms modulating mitochondrial homeostasis, to characterize powerful compounds that target muscle mitochondria to prevent sarcopenia in aged people.
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5
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Li S, Zhou X, Zeng R, Lin L, Zou X, Yan Y, Lu Z, Xia J, Zhang L, Ni S, Dai S, Chen H, Zhao Y. YAP1 silencing attenuated lung injury/fibrosis but worsened diaphragmatic function by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation response in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:485-498. [PMID: 36336232 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial mechanism in the pathophysiology of lung injury/fibrosis and diaphragmatic dysfunction. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a key oxidative stress response regulator. However, how lung injury/fibrosis and the subsequent YAP1 silencing treatment affect diaphragmatic function remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, mice models of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paraquat exposure were used to establish acute lung injury and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. AT2 and C2C12 cells were co-cultured under LPS and paraquat challenge. YAP1 was interfered with shRNA given in vivo and verteporfin administration in vitro. Pulmonary histology, contractile properties, and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the diaphragm and gastrocnemius were evaluated. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed for targeted biomarker determination. We found that LPS and paraquat caused significant lung injury/fibrosis and significantly reduced the diaphragmatic-specific force and CSAs compared with the control. YAP1 silencing alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration or collagen deposition in the lungs yet worsened the already impaired diaphragmatic function by increasing inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) emission, protein degradation (Murf-1, atrogin-1, and calpain), and decreasing antioxidant capabilities (superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase). No significant improvements were observed in diaphragmatic function by transient YAP1 knockdown in the gastrocnemius. In vitro, LPS- or paraquat-caused cytotoxicity in AT2 cells was mostly alleviated by verteporfin in a concentration that was 20-fold higher than that in C2C12 cells (20 and 1 μg/mL, respectively). Finally, 0.5 μg/mL of verteporfin significantly ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-induced proteolytic activity and antioxidant enzyme suppression in C2C12 cells, whereas 2 μg/mL of verteporfin deteriorated the same. Collectively, lung injury/fibrosis adversely affects the diaphragm. YAP1 inhibition alleviates lung injury/fibrosis but worsens diaphragmatic function potentially by enhancing inflammatory cytokines and ROS-mediated protein degradation. This disparity might be attributed to differences in susceptibility to YAP1 inhibition between muscles and the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Li
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xianlong Zhou
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Lin
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xingnan Zou
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shaozhou Ni
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Dai
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Haihua Chen
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Gureev AP, Andrianova NV, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Chernyshova EV, Sadovnikova IS, Chistyakov DV, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Popov VN. Dietary restriction modulates mitochondrial DNA damage and oxylipin profile in aged rats. FEBS J 2022; 289:5697-5713. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | | | - Irina S. Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
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Abdullaev SA, Glukhov SI, Gaziev AI. Radioprotective and Radiomitigative Effects of Melatonin in Tissues with Different Proliferative Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1885. [PMID: 34942988 PMCID: PMC8698738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used various markers to analyze damage to mouse tissues (spleen and cerebral cortex) which have different proliferative activity and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). We also assessed the degree of modulation of damages that occurs when melatonin is administered to mice prior to and after their X-ray irradiation. The data from this study showed that lesions in nuclear DNA (nDNA) were repaired more actively in the spleen than in the cerebral cortex of mice irradiated and treated with melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Mitochondrial biogenesis involving mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis was activated in both tissues of irradiated mice. A significant proportion of the newly synthesized mtDNA molecules were mutant copies that increase oxidative stress. Melatonin reduced the number of mutant mtDNA copies and the level of H2O2 in both tissues of the irradiated mice. Melatonin promoted the restoration of ATP levels in the tissues of irradiated mice. In the mouse tissues after exposure to X-ray, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and melatonin was able to reduce it. The MDA concentration was higher in the cerebral cortex tissue than that in the spleen tissue of the mouse. In mouse tissues following irradiation, the glutathione (GSH) level was low. The spleen GSH content was more than twice as low as that in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin helped restore the GSH levels in the mouse tissues. Although the spleen and cerebral cortex tissues of mice differ in the baseline values of the analyzed markers, the radioprotective and radiomitigative potential of melatonin was observed in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serazhutdin A. Abdullaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia; (S.I.G.); (A.I.G.)
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He Q, He X, Xiao Y, Zhao Q, Ye Z, Cui L, Chen Y, Guan MX. Tissue-specific expression atlas of murine mitochondrial tRNAs. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100960. [PMID: 34265302 PMCID: PMC8342785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) plays a central role in the synthesis of the 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complex system (OXPHOS). However, many aspects of the context-dependent expression of mt-tRNAs in mammals remain unknown. To investigate the tissue-specific effects of mt-tRNAs, we performed a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial tRNA expression across five mice tissues (brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney) using Northern blot analysis. Striking differences in the tissue-specific expression of 22 mt-tRNAs were observed, in some cases differing by as much as tenfold from lowest to highest expression levels among these five tissues. Overall, the heart exhibited the highest levels of mt-tRNAs, while the liver displayed markedly lower levels. Variations in the levels of mt-tRNAs showed significant correlations with total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents in these tissues. However, there were no significant differences observed in the 2-thiouridylation levels of tRNALys, tRNAGlu, and tRNAGln among these tissues. A wide range of aminoacylation levels for 15 mt-tRNAs occurred among these five tissues, with skeletal muscle and kidneys most notably displaying the highest and lowest tRNA aminoacylation levels, respectively. Among these tissues, there was a negative correlation between variations in mt-tRNA aminoacylation levels and corresponding variations in mitochondrial tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRS) expression levels. Furthermore, the variable levels of OXPHOS subunits, as encoded by mtDNA or nuclear genes, may reflect differences in relative functional emphasis for mitochondria in each tissue. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of mt-tRNA tissue-specific effects on oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufen He
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao He
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ye
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limei Cui
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang Univrsity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang Univrsity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Center for Mitochondrial Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Zhejiang University-University of Toronto Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Zhou Z, Hagopian K, López-Domínguez JA, Kim K, Jasoliya M, Roberts MN, Cortopassi GA, Showalter MR, Roberts BS, González-Reyes JA, Baar K, Rutkowsky J, Ramsey JJ. A ketogenic diet impacts markers of mitochondrial mass in a tissue specific manner in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7914-7930. [PMID: 33735837 PMCID: PMC8034930 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Declines in mitochondrial mass are thought to be a hallmark of mammalian aging, and a ketogenic diet (KD) may prevent the age-related decreases in mitochondrial content. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a KD on markers of mitochondrial mass. Mice were fed an isocaloric control diet (CD) or KD from 12 months of age. Tissues were collected after 1 month and 14 months of intervention, and a panel of commonly used markers of mitochondrial mass (mitochondrial enzyme activities and levels, mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio, and cardiolipin content) were measured. Our results showed that a KD stimulated activities of marker mitochondrial enzymes including citrate synthase, Complex I, and Complex IV in hindlimb muscle in aged mice. KD also increased the activity of citrate synthase and prevented an age-related decrease in Complex IV activity in aged brain. No other markers were increased in these tissues. Furthermore, the impacts of a KD on liver and kidney were mixed with no pattern indicative of a change in mitochondrial mass. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that a KD induces tissue-specific changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities, or structure, rather than global changes in mitochondrial mass across tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kevork Hagopian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - José A López-Domínguez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95617, USA
| | - Mittal Jasoliya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan N Roberts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gino A Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bryan S Roberts
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
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11
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Mitochondrial biogenesis in organismal senescence and neurodegeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Chen J, Zheng Q, Peiffer LB, Hicks JL, Haffner MC, Rosenberg AZ, Levi M, Wang XX, Ozbek B, Baena-Del Valle J, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM. An in Situ Atlas of Mitochondrial DNA in Mammalian Tissues Reveals High Content in Stem and Proliferative Compartments. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1565-1579. [PMID: 32304697 PMCID: PMC7338910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate ATP production, metabolism, and cell death. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and copy number are implicated in aging and organ dysfunction in diverse inherited and sporadic diseases. Because most measurements of mtDNA use homogenates of complex tissues, little is known about cell-type-specific mtDNA copy number heterogeneity in normal physiology, aging, and disease. Thus, the precise cell types whose loss of mitochondrial activity and altered mtDNA copy number that result in organ dysfunction in aging and disease have often not been clarified. Here, an in situ hybridization approach to generate a single-cell-resolution atlas of mtDNA content in mammalian tissues was validated. In hierarchically organized self-renewing tissues, higher levels of mtDNA were observed in stem/proliferative compartments compared with differentiated compartments. Striking zonal patterns of mtDNA levels in the liver reflected the known oxygen tension gradient. In the kidney, proximal and distal tubules had markedly higher mtDNA levels compared with cells within glomeruli and collecting duct epithelial cells. In mice, decreased mtDNA levels were visualized in renal tubules as a function of aging, which was prevented by calorie restriction. This study provides a novel approach for quantifying species- and cell-type-specific mtDNA copy number and dynamics in any normal or diseased tissue that can be used for monitoring the effects of interventions in animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lauren B Peiffer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Busra Ozbek
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Javier Baena-Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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13
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The Cbs Locus Affects the Expression of Senescence Markers and mtDNA Copy Number, but not Telomere Dynamics in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072520. [PMID: 32260476 PMCID: PMC7177707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the homocysteine to cysteine transsulfuration pathway. Homozygous deletion of the Cbs gene in mice causes severe hyperhomocysteinemia and reduces life span. Here, we examined a possible involvement of senescence, mitochondrial DNA, and telomeres in the reduced life span of Cbs-/- mice. We found that senescence-related p21, Pai-1, Mcp1, and Il-6 mRNAs were significantly upregulated (2-10-fold) in liver, while p21 was upregulated in the brain of Cbs-/- mice (n = 20) compared with control Cbs+/- siblings (n = 20) in a sex- and age-dependent manner. Telomere length in blood (n = 80), liver (n = 40), and brain (n = 40) was not affected by the Cbs-/- genotype, but varied with sex and/or age. Levels of mitochondrial DNA tended to be reduced in livers, but not brains and blood, of Cbs-/- females (n = 20-40). The Cbs-/- genotype significantly reduced Tert mRNA expression in brain, but not liver, in a sex- and age-dependent manner. Multiple regression analysis showed that the senescence-related liver (but not brain) mRNAs and liver (but not brain or blood) mitochondrial DNA were associated with the Cbs genotype. In contrast, telomere length in blood, brain, and liver was not associated with the Cbs genotype or hyperhomocysteinemia, but was associated with sex (in brain and liver) and age (in brain and blood). Taken together, these findings suggest that the changes in senescence marker expression and mtDNA levels, but not telomere shortening, could account for the reduced life span of Cbs-/- mice.
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14
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Zhang X, Wang T, Ji J, Wang H, Zhu X, Du P, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Chen W. The distinct spatiotemporal distribution and effect of feed restriction on mtDNA copy number in broilers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3240. [PMID: 32094402 PMCID: PMC7039872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number reflects the abundance of mitochondria in cells and is dependent on the energy requirements of tissues. We hypothesized that the mtDNA copy number in poultry may change with age and tissue, and feed restriction may affect the growth and health of poultry by changing mtDNA content in a tissue-specific pattern. TaqMan real-time PCR was used to quantify mtDNA copy number using three different segments of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, ATP6, and ND6) relative to the nuclear single-copy preproglucagon gene (GCG). The effect of sex, age, and dietary restriction (quantitative, energy, and protein restriction) on mtDNA copy number variation in the tissues of broilers was investigated. We found that mtDNA copy number varied among tissues (P < 0.01) and presented a distinct change in spatiotemporal pattern. After hatching, the number of mtDNA copies significantly decreased with age in the liver and increased in muscle tissues, including heart, pectoralis, and leg muscles. Newborn broilers (unfed) and embryos (E 11 and E 17) had similar mtDNA contents in muscle tissues. Among 42 d broilers, females had a higher mtDNA copy number than males in the tissues examined. Feed restriction (8-21 d) significantly reduced the body weight but did not significantly change the mtDNA copy number of 21 d broilers. After three weeks of compensatory growth (22-42 d), only the body weight of broilers with a quantitatively restricted diet remained significantly lower than that of broilers in the control group (P < 0.05), while any type of early feed restriction significantly reduced the mtDNA copy number in muscle tissues of 42 d broilers. In summary, the mtDNA copy number of broilers was regulated in a tissue- and age-specific manner. A similar pattern of spatiotemporal change in response to early feed restriction was found in the mtDNA content of muscle tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas liver mtDNA content changed differently with age and dietary restriction. It seems that early restrictions in feed could effectively lower the mtDNA content in muscle cells to reduce the tissue overload in broilers at 42 d to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Ji
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Huanjie Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Xinghao Zhu
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
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15
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Increased burden of mitochondrial DNA deletions and point mutations in early-onset age-related hearing loss in mitochondrial mutator mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110675. [PMID: 31344454 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are thought to have a causal role in a variety of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including age-related hearing loss (AHL). In the current study, we investigated the roles of mtDNA deletions and point mutations in AHL in mitochondrial mutator mice (Polgmut/mut) that were backcrossed onto CBA/CaJ mice, a well-established model of late-onset AHL. mtDNA deletions accumulated significantly with age in the inner ears of Polgmut/mut mice, while there were no differences in mtDNA deletion frequencies in the inner ears between 5 and 17 months old Polg+/+ mice or 5 months old Polg+/+ and Polgmut/mut mice. mtDNA deletions also accumulated significantly in the inner ears of CBA/CaJ mice during normal aging. In contrast, 5 months old Polgmut/mut mice displayed a 238-fold increase in mtDNA point mutation frequencies in the inner ears compared to age-matched Polg+/+ mice, but there were no differences in mtDNA point mutation frequencies in the inner ears between 5 and 17 months old Polgmut/mut mice. Seventeen-month-old Polgmut/mut mice also displayed early-onset severe hearing loss associated with a significant reduction in neural output of the cochlea, while age-matched Polg+/+ mice displayed little or no hearing impairment. Consistent with the physiological and mtDNA deletion test result, 17-month-old Polgmut/mut mice displayed a profound loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. Thus, our data suggest that a higher burden of mtDNA point mutations from a young age and age-related accumulation of mtDNA deletions likely contribute to early-onset AHL in mitochondrial mutator mice.
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16
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Deletion of OGG1 Results in a Differential Signature of Oxidized Purine Base Damage in mtDNA Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133302. [PMID: 31284385 PMCID: PMC6651574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress accumulates with aging and age-related diseases and induces alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Since mtDNA qualitative alterations are also associated with aging, repair of mtDNA damage is of great importance. The most relevant form of DNA repair in this context is base excision repair (BER), which removes oxidized bases such as 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and thymine glycol through the action of the mitochondrial isoform of the specific 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase/apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (OGG1) or the endonuclease III homolog (NTH1). Mouse strains lacking OGG1 (OGG1−/−) or NTH1 (NTH1−/−) were analyzed for mtDNA alterations. Interestingly, both knockout strains presented a significant increase in mtDNA content, suggestive of a compensatory mtDNA replication. The mtDNA “common deletion” was not detected in either knockout mouse strain, likely because of the young age of the mice. Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive sites accumulated in mtDNA from OGG1−/− but not from NTH1−/− mice. Interestingly, the D-loop region was most severely affected by the absence of OGG1, suggesting that this region may be a hotspot for oxidative damage. Thus, we speculate that mtDNA alterations may send a stress message to evoke cell changes through a retrograde mitochondrial–nucleus communication.
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17
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Liu L, Liu Y, Xu B, Liu C, Jia Y, Liu T, Fang C, Wang W, Ren J, He Z, Men K, Liang X, Luo M, Shao B, Mao Y, Xiao H, Qian Z, Geng J, Dong B, Mi P, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Negative regulation of cationic nanoparticle-induced inflammatory toxicity through the increased production of prostaglandin E2 via mitochondrial DNA-activated Ly6C + monocytes. Theranostics 2018; 8:3138-3152. [PMID: 29896308 PMCID: PMC5996362 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cationic nanocarriers present with well-known toxicities, including inflammatory toxicity, which limit their clinical application. How the cationic nanocarrier-induced inflammatory response is negatively regulated is unknown. Herein, we found that following a sublethal dose of cationic nanocarriers, the induced inflammatory response is characterized by early neutrophil infiltration and spontaneous resolution within 1 week. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with a dosage of 1-100 mg/kg cationic DOTAP liposomes as well as other cationic materials. Cell necrosis was detected by flow cytometry. Release of mitochondrial DNA was quantified by qPCR via Taqman probes. Signal proteins were detected by Western blotting. PGE2 production in the supernatant was quantitated using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The infiltrated inflammatory cells were observed in WT mice, Ccr2-/- mice, Sting-/-mice and Tlr9-/-mice. Results: The early stage (24-48 h) inflammatory neutrophil infiltration was followed by an increasing percentage of monocytes; and, compared with WT mice, Ccr2-/- mice presented with more severe pulmonary inflammation. A previously uncharacterized population of regulatory monocytes expressing both inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines was identified in this model. The alteration in monocyte phenotype was directly induced by mtDNA release from cationic nanocarrier-induced necrotic cells via a STING- or TLR9-dependent pathway. Neutrophil activation was specifically inhibited by PGE2 from Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes, and intravenous injections of dual-phenotype monocytes beneficially modified the immune response; this inhibitory effect was abolished after treatment with indomethacin. Moreover, we provide clear evidence that mitochondrial DNA activated Ly6C+ monocytes and increased PGE2 production through TLR9- or STING-mediated MAPK-NF-κB-COX2 pathways. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Ly6C+ monocytes and mtDNA-induced Ly6C+ monocyte PGE2 production may be part of a feedback mechanism that contributes to the resolution of cationic nanocarrier-induced inflammatory toxicity and may have important implications for understanding nanoparticle biocompatibility and designing better, safer drug delivery systems.
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18
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Differential Alterations of the Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiratory Chain Complexes during Postnatal Development of the Mouse Lung. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9169146. [PMID: 29430286 PMCID: PMC5753018 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9169146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and adequate energy production in various organs of mammals are necessary for postnatal adaptation to extrauterine life in an environment with high oxygen content. Even though transgenic mice are frequently used as experimental models, to date, no combined detailed molecular and morphological analysis on the mitochondrial compartment in different lung cell types has been performed during postnatal mouse lung development. In our study, we revealed a significant upregulation of most mitochondrial respiratory complexes at protein and mRNA levels in the lungs of P15 and adult animals in comparison to newborns. The majority of adult animal samples showed the strongest increase, except for succinate dehydrogenase protein (SDHD). Likewise, an increase in mRNA expression for mtDNA transcription machinery genes (Polrmt, Tfam, Tfb1m, and Tfb2m), mitochondrially encoded RNA (mt-Rnr1 and mt-Rnr2), and the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) was observed. The biochemical and molecular results were corroborated by a parallel increase of mitochondrial number, size, cristae number, and complexity, exhibiting heterogeneous patterns in distinct bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest a specific adaptation and differential maturation of the mitochondrial compartment according to the metabolic needs of individual cell types during postnatal development of the mouse lung.
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19
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Herbst A, Widjaja K, Nguy B, Lushaj EB, Moore TM, Hevener AL, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Wanagat J. Digital PCR Quantitation of Muscle Mitochondrial DNA: Age, Fiber Type, and Mutation-Induced Changes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1327-1333. [PMID: 28460005 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive quantitation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA deletion mutation abundances would help clarify the role of mtDNA instability in aging. To more accurately quantify mtDNA, we applied the emerging technique of digital polymerase chain reaction to individual muscle fibers and muscle homogenates from aged rodents. Individual fiber mtDNA content correlated with fiber type and decreased with age. We adapted a digital polymerase chain reaction deletion assay that was accurate in mixing experiments to a mutation frequency of 0.03% and quantitated an age-induced increase in deletion frequency from rat muscle homogenates. Importantly, the deletion frequency measured in muscle homogenates strongly correlated with electron transport chain-deficient fiber abundance determined by histochemical analyses. These data clarify the temporal accumulation of mtDNA deletions that lead to electron chain-deficient fibers, a process culminating in muscle fiber loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Beatrice Nguy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Entela B Lushaj
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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20
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Dong Y, Cui P, Li Z, Zhang S. Aging asymmetry: systematic survey of changes in age-related biomarkers in the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:309-319. [PMID: 27614442 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging asymmetry is the observation that different tissues age in different ways and at different rates. This has not been assessed in a single organism using multiple biomarkers of aging. Here we clearly demonstrated that the levels of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation as well as CAT, SOD and GPX activities all showed a tissue-dependent change with advancing age; and DNA repair ability, as revealed by the expression of ercc1 and its protein levels, also exhibited a tissue-specific variation with age. We also found that protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels remained relatively stable in the liver, intestine, skin and testis as well as in the brain, eye and heart of young, adult and aged fishes; SOD and GPX activities displayed little variation in the intestine, eye and skin as well as in the brain and skin of young, adult and aged fishes; and low and stable expression of ercc1 was observed in the spleen, eye and heart of young, adult and aged fishes. Collectively, these results indicate that aging is tissue specific and asymmetric in N. guentheri. The observation of aging asymmetry may have practical implications for the application of non-intrusion intervention approaches to prolong lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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21
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Perez SD, Du K, Rendeiro C, Wang L, Wu Q, Rubakhin SS, Vazhappilly R, Baxter JH, Sweedler JV, Rhodes JS. A unique combination of micronutrients rejuvenates cognitive performance in aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Masser DR, Clark NW, Van Remmen H, Freeman WM. Loss of the antioxidant enzyme CuZnSOD (Sod1) mimics an age-related increase in absolute mitochondrial DNA copy number in the skeletal muscle. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:323-333. [PMID: 27444179 PMCID: PMC5061674 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain multiple copies of the circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) that encodes ribosomal RNAs and proteins locally translated for oxidative phosphorylation. Loss of mtDNA integrity, both altered copy number and increased mutations, is implicated in cellular dysfunction with aging. Published data on mtDNA copy number and aging is discordant which may be due to methodological limitations for quantifying mtDNA copy number. Existing quantitative PCR (qPCR) mtDNA copy number quantification methods provide only relative abundances and are problematic to normalize to different template input amounts and across tissues/sample types. As well, existing methods cannot quantify mtDNA copy number in subcellular isolates, such as isolated mitochondria and neuronal synaptic terminals, which lack nuclear genomic DNA for normalization. We have developed and validated a novel absolute mtDNA copy number quantitation method that uses chip-based digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) to count the number of copies of mtDNA and used this novel method to assess the literature discrepancy in which there is no clear consensus whether mtDNA numbers change with aging in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle in old mice was found to have increased absolute mtDNA numbers compared to young controls. Furthermore, young Sod1 -/- mice were assessed and show an age-mimicking increase in skeletal muscle mtDNA. These findings reproduce a number of previous studies that demonstrate age-related increases in mtDNA. This simple and cost effective dPCR approach should enable precise and accurate mtDNA copy number quantitation in mitochondrial studies, eliminating contradictory studies of mitochondrial DNA content with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Masser
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Nicholas W. Clark
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center on Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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Pastukh VM, Gorodnya OM, Gillespie MN, Ruchko MV. Regulation of mitochondrial genome replication by hypoxia: The role of DNA oxidation in D-loop region. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:78-88. [PMID: 27091693 PMCID: PMC4912408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria of mammalian cells contain multiple copies of mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Although mtDNA copy number can fluctuate dramatically depending on physiological and pathophysiologic conditions, the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial genome replication remain obscure. Hypoxia, like many other physiologic stimuli that promote growth, cell proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis, uses reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-induced transcription of nuclear genes requires controlled DNA damage and repair in specific sequences in the promoter regions. Whether similar mechanisms are operative in mitochondria is unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that controlled oxidative DNA damage and repair in the D-loop region of the mitochondrial genome are required for mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription in hypoxia. We found that hypoxia had little impact on expression of mitochondrial proteins in pulmonary artery endothelial cells, but elevated mtDNA content. The increase in mtDNA copy number was accompanied by oxidative modifications in the D-loop region of the mitochondrial genome. To investigate the role of this sequence-specific oxidation of mitochondrial genome in mtDNA replication, we overexpressed mitochondria-targeted 8-oxoguanine glycosylase Ogg1 in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells, enhancing the mtDNA repair capacity of transfected cells. Overexpression of Ogg1 resulted in suppression of hypoxia-induced mtDNA oxidation in the D-loop region and attenuation of hypoxia-induced mtDNA replication. Ogg1 overexpression also reduced binding of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) to both regulatory and coding regions of the mitochondrial genome without altering total abundance of TFAM in either control or hypoxic cells. These observations suggest that oxidative DNA modifications in the D-loop region during hypoxia are important for increased TFAM binding and ensuing replication of the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor M Pastukh
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Olena M Gorodnya
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Mykhaylo V Ruchko
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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24
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Carter HN, Chen CCW, Hood DA. Mitochondria, muscle health, and exercise with advancing age. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:208-23. [PMID: 25933821 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00039.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is dependent on the optimal function of its mitochondria. With advancing age, decrements in numerous mitochondrial variables are evident in muscle. Part of this decline is due to reduced physical activity, whereas the remainder appears to be attributed to age-related alterations in mitochondrial synthesis and degradation. Exercise is an important strategy to stimulate mitochondrial adaptations in older individuals to foster improvements in muscle function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris C W Chen
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Christian BE, Shadel GS. Aging: it's SIRTainly possible to restore mitochondrial dysfunction. Curr Biol 2016; 24:R206-8. [PMID: 24602889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with aging. A recent study shows that reduced nuclear SIRT1 activity initiates age-related mitochondrial decline through a signaling pathway that perturbs expression of genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA. This reversible pathway has potential anti-aging therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Christian
- Departments of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Departments of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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26
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Li X, Zhao Q, Zhou W, Xu L, Wang Y. Effects of chronic exposure to microcystin-LR on hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA replication in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4665-4672. [PMID: 25723732 DOI: 10.1021/es5059132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are produced by cyanobacterial blooms, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic among the 80 MC variants. Data have shown that the liver is one of the specific target organs for MC-LR, which can cause mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the genetic toxicity of MC-LR in mice drinking water at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/L) for 12 months. Our results showed that long-term and persistent exposure to MC-LR increased the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of DNA in liver cells, damaged the integrity of mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA), and altered the mtDNA content. Notably, MC-LR exposure can change the expression of mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes that are critical for regulating mtDNA replication and repairing oxidized DNA. They also further impaired the function of mitochondria and liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingya Zhao
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- †Department of Medical Genetics, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
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27
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Wei X, Shao B, He Z, Ye T, Luo M, Sang Y, Liang X, Wang W, Luo S, Yang S, Zhang S, Gong C, Gou M, Deng H, Zhao Y, Yang H, Deng S, Zhao C, Yang L, Qian Z, Li J, Sun X, Han J, Jiang C, Wu M, Zhang Z. Cationic nanocarriers induce cell necrosis through impairment of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cause subsequent inflammatory response. Cell Res 2015; 25:237-53. [PMID: 25613571 PMCID: PMC4650577 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers with positive surface charges are known for their toxicity which has limited their clinical applications. The mechanism underlying their toxicity, such as the induction of inflammatory response, remains largely unknown. In the present study we found that injection of cationic nanocarriers, including cationic liposomes, PEI, and chitosan, led to the rapid appearance of necrotic cells. Cell necrosis induced by cationic nanocarriers is dependent on their positive surface charges, but does not require RIP1 and Mlkl. Instead, intracellular Na+ overload was found to accompany the cell death. Depletion of Na+ in culture medium or pretreatment of cells with the Na+/K+-ATPase cation-binding site inhibitor ouabain, protected cells from cell necrosis. Moreover, treatment with cationic nanocarriers inhibited Na+/K+-ATPase activity both in vitro and in vivo. The computational simulation showed that cationic carriers could interact with cation-binding site of Na+/K+-ATPase. Mice pretreated with a small dose of ouabain showed improved survival after injection of a lethal dose of cationic nanocarriers. Further analyses suggest that cell necrosis induced by cationic nanocarriers and the resulting leakage of mitochondrial DNA could trigger severe inflammation in vivo, which is mediated by a pathway involving TLR9 and MyD88 signaling. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism whereby cationic nanocarriers induce acute cell necrosis through the interaction with Na+/K+-ATPase, with the subsequent exposure of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns as a key event that mediates the inflammatory responses. Our study has important implications for evaluating the biocompatibility of nanocarriers and designing better and safer ones for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuntao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maling Gou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongxing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Senyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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28
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Szklarczyk R, Nooteboom M, Osiewacz HD. Control of mitochondrial integrity in ageing and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130439. [PMID: 24864310 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various molecular and cellular pathways are active in eukaryotes to control the quality and integrity of mitochondria. These pathways are involved in keeping a 'healthy' population of this essential organelle during the lifetime of the organism. Quality control (QC) systems counteract processes that lead to organellar dysfunction manifesting as degenerative diseases and ageing. We discuss disease- and ageing-related pathways involved in mitochondrial QC: mtDNA repair and reorganization, regeneration of oxidized amino acids, refolding and degradation of severely damaged proteins, degradation of whole mitochondria by mitophagy and finally programmed cell death. The control of the integrity of mtDNA and regulation of its expression is essential to remodel single proteins as well as mitochondrial complexes that determine mitochondrial functions. The redundancy of components, such as proteases, and the hierarchies of the QC raise questions about crosstalk between systems and their precise regulation. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms on the genomic, proteomic, organellar and cellular levels holds the key for the development of interventions for mitochondrial dysfunctions, degenerative processes, ageing and age-related diseases resulting from impairments of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Szklarczyk
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Genetics, Unit Clinical Genomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Nooteboom
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Faculty for Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence 'Macromolecular Complexes', Goethe University, Molecular Developmental Biology, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA maintenance with advancing age. Biogerontology 2014; 15:417-38. [PMID: 25015781 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and mitochondrial function on the aging process. Mitochondrial function and mtDNA integrity are closely related. In order to create a protective barrier against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) attacks and ensure mtDNA integrity, multiple cellular mtDNA copies are packaged together with various proteins in nucleoids. Regulation of antioxidant and RONS balance, DNA base excision repair, and selective degradation of damaged mtDNA copies preserves normal mtDNA quantities. Oxidative damage to mtDNA molecules does not substantially contribute to increased mtDNA mutation frequency; rather, mtDNA replication errors of DNA PolG are the main source of mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial turnover is the major contributor to maintenance of mtDNA and functionally active mitochondria. Mitochondrial turnover involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy). All of these processes exhibit decreased activity during aging and fall under greater nuclear genome control, possibly coincident with the emergence of nuclear genome instability. We suggest that the age-dependent accumulation of mutated mtDNA copies and dysfunctional mitochondria is associated primarily with decreased cellular autophagic and mitophagic activity.
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30
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Burgstaller JP, Johnston IG, Jones NS, Albrechtová J, Kolbe T, Vogl C, Futschik A, Mayrhofer C, Klein D, Sabitzer S, Blattner M, Gülly C, Poulton J, Rülicke T, Piálek J, Steinborn R, Brem G. MtDNA segregation in heteroplasmic tissues is common in vivo and modulated by haplotype differences and developmental stage. Cell Rep 2014; 7:2031-2041. [PMID: 24910436 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evolves within organisms are still poorly understood, despite the fact that inheritance and proliferation of mutated mtDNA cause fatal and incurable diseases. When two mtDNA haplotypes are present in a cell, it is usually assumed that segregation (the proliferation of one haplotype over another) is negligible. We challenge this assumption by showing that segregation depends on the genetic distance between haplotypes. We provide evidence by creating four mouse models containing mtDNA haplotype pairs of varying diversity. We find tissue-specific segregation in all models over a wide range of tissues. Key findings are segregation in postmitotic tissues (important for disease models) and segregation covering all developmental stages from prenatal to old age. We identify four dynamic regimes of mtDNA segregation. Our findings suggest potential complications for therapies in human populations: we propose "haplotype matching" as an approach to avoid these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Patrick Burgstaller
- Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nick S Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Research Facility Studenec, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Futschik
- Department of Statistics, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corina Mayrhofer
- Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Klein
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sabitzer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Blattner
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gülly
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Research Facility Studenec, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA Tulln, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Seo DB, Jeong HW, Lee SJ, Lee SJ. Coumestrol induces mitochondrial biogenesis by activating Sirt1 in cultured skeletal muscle cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4298-4305. [PMID: 24712520 DOI: 10.1021/jf404882w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a central organelle in cellular energy homeostasis; thus, reduced mitochondrial activity has been associated with aging and metabolic disorders. This paper provides biological evidence that coumestrol, which is a natural isoflavone, activates mitochondrial biogenesis. In cultured myocytes, coumestrol activated the silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (Sirt1) through the elevation of the intracellular NAD(+)/NADH ratio. Coumestrol also increased the mitochondrial contents and induced the expression of key proteins in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain in cultured myocytes. A Sirt1 inhibitor and Sirt1-targeting siRNAs abolished the effect of coumestrol on mitochondrial biogenesis. Similar to an increase in mitochondrial content, coumestrol improved myocyte function with increased ATP concentration. Taken together, the data suggest that coumestrol is a novel inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Bang Seo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Division of Food Science, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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32
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Dai JG, Zhang ZY, Liu QX, Min JX. Mitochondrial genome microsatellite instability and copy number alteration in lung carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2393-9. [PMID: 23725147 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered a hotspot of mutations in various tumors. However, the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI) and mtDNA copy number alterations in lung cancer has yet to be fully clarifieds. In the current study, we investigated the copy number and MSI of mitochondrial genome in lung carcinomas, as well as their significance for cancer development. METHODS The copy number and MSI of mtDNA in 37 matched lung carcinoma/adjacent histological normal lung tissue samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays for sequence variation, followed by sequence analysis and fluorogenic 5'-nuclease real-time PCR. Student's t test and linear regression analyses were employed to analyze the association between mtDNA copy number alterations and mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI). RESULTS The mean copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma tissue samples was significantly lower than that of the adjacent histologically normal lung tissue samples (p < 0.001). mtMSI was detected in 32.4% (12/37) of lung carcinoma samples. The average copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma samples containing mtMSI was significantly lower than that in the other lung carcinoma samples (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that mtMSI may be an early and important event in the progression of lung carcinogenesis, particularly in association with variation in mtDNA copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery of Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kazachkova N, Ramos A, Santos C, Lima M. Mitochondrial DNA damage patterns and aging: revising the evidences for humans and mice. Aging Dis 2013; 4:337-50. [PMID: 24307967 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2013.0400337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant body of work, accumulated over the years, strongly suggests that damage in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to aging in humans. Contradictory results, however, are reported in the literature, with some studies failing to provide support to this hypothesis. With the purpose of further understanding the aging process, several models, among which mouse models, have been frequently used. Although important affinities are recognized between humans and mice, differences on what concerns physiological properties, disease pathogenesis as well as life-history exist between the two; the extent to which such differences limit the translation, from mice to humans, of insights on the association between mtDNA damage and aging remains to be established. In this paper we revise the studies that analyze the association between patterns of mtDNA damage and aging, investigating putative alterations in mtDNA copy number as well as accumulation of deletions and of point mutations. Reports from the literature do not allow the establishment of a clear association between mtDNA copy number and age, either in humans or in mice. Further analysis, using a wide spectrum of tissues and a high number of individuals would be necessary to elucidate this pattern. Likewise humans, mice demonstrated a clear pattern of age-dependent and tissue-specific accumulation of mtDNA deletions. Deletions increase with age, and the highest amount of deletions has been observed in brain tissues both in humans and mice. On the other hand, mtDNA point mutations accumulation has been clearly associated with age in humans, but not in mice. Although further studies, using the same methodologies and targeting a larger number of samples would be mandatory to draw definitive conclusions, the revision of the available data raises concerns on the ability of mouse models to mimic the mtDNA damage patterns of humans, a fact with implications not only for the study of the aging process, but also for investigations of other processes in which mtDNA dysfunction is a hallmark, such as neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Kazachkova
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bellanti F, Romano AD, Giudetti AM, Rollo T, Blonda M, Tamborra R, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Many faces of mitochondrial uncoupling during age: damage or defense? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:892-902. [PMID: 23292290 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased mitochondrial proton leak occurs in aging, but the origin of such modification remains unclear. This study defined the cause of mitochondrial uncoupling in mitotic (liver) and postmitotic (heart) rat tissues during aging and its effects on energy homeostasis and free radical production. Proton leak in old heart mitochondria was dependent on uncoupling proteins' upregulation, whereas it was caused by alterations in the mitochondrial membrane composition in old liver. ATP homeostasis was impaired in both tissues from old animals and was associated to disrupted F0F1-ATPase activity. H2O2 production rate and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenalprotein adducts were higher in old liver mitochondria compared with young liver mitochondria, but they were similar in heart mitochondria from both groups. Moreover, key mitochondrial biogenesis regulators were upregulated in old liver but downregulated in old heart. In conclusion, uncoupling proteins mediate proton leak and avoid oxidative damage in heart, acting as a protective mechanism. This does not occur in liver, where ATP depletion and oxidative stress may stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and eliminate damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Obesity affects mitochondrial citrate synthase in human omental adipose tissue. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:826027. [PMID: 24555156 PMCID: PMC3901984 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The activities of some key enzymes in mitochondria from 135 human omental adipose tissue samples of obese and nonobese patients were analyzed for potential association with the patients' state of obesity. The activities of respiratory complexes I and II as well as citrate synthase in isolated mitochondria were measured using spectrophotometric enzyme assays. ATP generation of mitochondria was determined with a bioluminescence assay. Protein levels of citrate synthase were quantified by western blot. The rates of ATP generation and the enzymatic activities of complexes I and II did not display associations with age, gender, obesity, or diabetes. By contrast, the enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and its protein levels were significantly reduced in obesity as compared to controls. In diabetic patients, protein levels but not enzymatic activities of citrate synthase were elevated. Thus, this investigation based on enzymatic assay and determination of protein levels revealed that the development of obesity is associated with a significant impact on citrate synthase in mitochondria of human omental adipose tissue. The state of obesity appears to affect mitochondrial function in human omental adipose tissue by limiting this key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle rather than by limiting the activities of respiratory chain enzymes.
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Gene expression deregulation in postnatal skeletal muscle of TK2 deficient mice reveals a lower pool of proliferating myogenic progenitor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53698. [PMID: 23341978 PMCID: PMC3544874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) causes a heterogeneous myopathic form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS) in humans that predominantly affects skeletal muscle tissue. In mice, TK2 deficiency also affects several tissues in addition to skeletal muscle, including brain, heart, adipose tissue, kidneys and causes death about 3 weeks after birth. We analysed skeletal muscle and heart muscle tissues of Tk2 knockout mice at postnatal development phase and observed that TK2 deficient pups grew slower and their skeletal muscles appeared significantly underdeveloped, whereas heart was close to normal in size. Both tissues showed mtDNA depletion and mitochondria with altered ultrastructure, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Gene expression microarray analysis showed a strong down-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and cell proliferation in both tissues, suggesting a lower pool of undifferentiated proliferating cells. Analysis of isolated primary myoblasts from Tk2 knockout mice showed slow proliferation, less ability to differentiate and signs of premature senescence, even in absence of mtDNA depletion. Our data demonstrate that TK2 deficiency disturbs myogenic progenitor cells function in postnatal skeletal muscle and we propose this as one of the causes of underdeveloped phenotype and myopathic characteristic of the TK2 deficient mice, in addition to the progressive mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial damage and respiratory chain deficiency in post-mitotic differentiated tissue.
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Seibenhener ML, Du Y, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Wooten MC, Wooten MW. A role for sequestosome 1/p62 in mitochondrial dynamics, import and genome integrity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:452-9. [PMID: 23147249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As a signaling scaffold, p62/sequestosome (p62/SQSTM1) plays important roles in cell signaling and degradation of misfolded proteins. While localization of p62 to mitochondria has been reported, a description of its function once there, remains unclear. Here, we report that p62 is localized to mitochondria in non-stressed situations and demonstrate that deficiency in p62 exacerbates defects in mitochondrial membrane potential and energetics leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. We report on the relationship between mitochondrial protein import and p62. In a p62 null background, mitochondrial import of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM is disrupted. When p62 is returned, mitochondrial function is restored to more normal levels. We identify for the first time that p62 localization plays a role in regulating mitochondrial morphology, genome integrity and mitochondrial import of a key transcription factor. We present evidence that these responses to the presence of p62 extend beyond the protein's immediate influence on membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamar Seibenhener
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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38
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Sullo N, Roviezzo F, Matteis M, Spaziano G, Del Gaudio S, Lombardi A, Lucattelli M, Polverino F, Lungarella G, Cirino G, Rossi F, D'Agostino B. Skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in an animal model of pulmonary emphysema: formoterol and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:198-203. [PMID: 23144332 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0167oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a significant contributor to exercise limitation in pulmonary emphysema. This study investigated skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism before and after aerosol exposure to a long-acting β-agonist (LABA), such as formoterol, in the pallid mouse (B6.Cg-Pldnpa/J), which has a deficiency in serum α(1)-antitrypsin (α(1)-PI) and develops spontaneous pulmonary emphysema. C57 BL/6J and its congener pallid mice of 8-12 and 16 months of age were treated with vehicle or formoterol aerosol challenge for 120 seconds. Morphological and morphometric studies and evaluations of mitochondrial adenosine diphosphate-stimulated respiration and of cytochrome oxidase activity on skeletal muscle were performed. Moreover, the mtDNA content in skeletal muscle and the mediators linked to muscle mitochondrial function and biogenesis, as well as TNF-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), were also evaluated. The lungs of pallid mice at 12 and 16 months of age showed patchy areas of airspace enlargements, with the destruction of alveolar septa. No significant differences were observed in basal values of mitochondrial skeletal muscle oxidative processes between C57 BL/6J and pallid mice. Exposure to LABA significantly improved mitochondrial skeletal muscle oxidative processes in emphysematous mice, where the mtDNA content was significantly higher with respect to 8-month-old pallid mice. This effect was compared with a significant increase of PGC-1α in skeletal muscles of 16-month-old pallid mice, with no significant changes in TNF-α concentrations. In conclusion, in emphysematous mice that showed an increased mtDNA content, exposure to inhaled LABA can improve mitochondrial skeletal muscle oxidative processes. PGC-1α may serve as a possible mediator of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Sullo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80136 Naples, Italy
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Schmitt K, Grimm A, Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB, Götz J, Eckert A. Insights into mitochondrial dysfunction: aging, amyloid-β, and tau-A deleterious trio. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1456-66. [PMID: 22117646 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting elderly individuals. The pathology of AD is characterized by amyloid plaques (aggregates of amyloid-β [Aβ]) and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau), but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are still partially unclear. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of evidence supports mitochondrial dysfunction as a prominent and early, chronic oxidative stress-associated event that contributes to synaptic abnormalities and, ultimately, selective neuronal degeneration in AD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we discuss on the one hand whether mitochondrial decline observed in brain aging is a determinant event in the onset of AD and on the other hand the close interrelationship of this organelle with Aβ and tau in the pathogenic process underlying AD. Moreover, we summarize evidence from aging and Alzheimer models showing that the harmful trio "aging, Aβ, and tau protein" triggers mitochondrial dysfunction through a number of pathways, such as impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), elevation of reactive oxygen species production, and interaction with mitochondrial proteins, contributing to the development and progression of the disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The aging process may weaken the mitochondrial OXPHOS system in a more general way over many years providing a basis for the specific and destructive effects of Aβ and tau. Establishing strategies involving efforts to protect cells at the mitochondrial level by stabilizing or restoring mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis appears to be challenging, but very promising route on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schmitt
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Lee LL, Lin L, Bell DS, Levine S, Hanson MR. Sensitivity of PCR assays for murine gammaretroviruses and mouse contamination in human blood samples. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37482. [PMID: 22629404 PMCID: PMC3357399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaretroviruses related to murine leukemia virus (MLV) have variously been reported to be present or absent in blood from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) patients and healthy controls. Using subjects from New York State, we have investigated by PCR methods whether MLV-related sequences can be identified in nucleic acids isolated from whole blood or from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or following PBMC culture. We have also passaged the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP following incubation with plasma from patients and controls and assayed nucleic acids for viral sequences. We have used 15 sets of primers that can effectively amplify conserved regions of murine endogenous and exogenous retrovirus sequences. We demonstrate that our PCR assays for MLV-related gag sequences and for mouse DNA contamination are extremely sensitive. While we have identified MLV-like gag sequences following PCR on human DNA preparations, we are unable to conclude that these sequences originated in the blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ling Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - David S. Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan Levine
- Private Practice, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maureen R. Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2012:646354. [PMID: 21977319 PMCID: PMC3184498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/646354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an intricate phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in physiological functions and increase in mortality that is often accompanied by many pathological diseases. Although aging is almost universally conserved among all organisms, the underlying molecular mechanisms of aging remain largely elusive. Many theories of aging have been proposed, including the free-radical and mitochondrial theories of aging. Both theories speculate that cumulative damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the causes of aging. Oxidative damage affects replication and transcription of mtDNA and results in a decline in mitochondrial function which in turn leads to enhanced ROS production and further damage to mtDNA. In this paper, we will present the current understanding of the interplay between ROS and mitochondria and will discuss their potential impact on aging and age-related diseases.
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42
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Wagatsuma A, Kotake N, Mabuchi K, Yamada S. Expression of nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in experimentally denervated muscle. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:359-70. [PMID: 21394548 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria become altered in response to denervation. To gain insight into the regulation of this process, mitochondrial enzyme activities and gene expression involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in mouse gastrocnemius muscle was investigated. Sciatic nerve transactions were performed on mice, and then gastrocnemius muscles were isolated at days 5 and 30 after surgery. Muscle weight was decreased significantly by 15% and 62% at days 5 and 30 after surgery, respectively. The activity of citrate synthase, a marker of oxidative enzyme, was reduced significantly by 31% and 53% at days 5 and 30, respectively. Enzyme histochemical analysis revealed that subsarcolemmal mitochondria were largely lost than intermyofibrillar mitochondria at day 5, and this trend was further progressed at day 30 after surgery. Expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1)α, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), and mitofusin 2 were down-regulated throughout the experimental period, whereas those of PGC-1β, PRC, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, NRF-2, TFAM, and Lon protease were down-regulated at day 30 after surgery. These results suggest that PGC-1α, ERRα, and mitofusin 2 may be important factors in the process of denervation-induced mitochondrial adaptation. In addition, other PGC-1 family of transcriptional coactivators and DNA binding transcription factors may also contribute to mitochondrial adaptation after early response to denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wagatsuma
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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Zhong Y, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Peng W, Sun Y, Chen B, Huang X, Kong WJ. Contribution of common deletion to total deletion burden in mitochondrial DNA from inner ear of d-galactose-induced aging rats. Mutat Res 2011; 712:11-19. [PMID: 21473872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, especially deletions, have been suggested to play an important role in aging and degenerative diseases. In particular, the common deletion in humans and rats (4977bp and 4834bp deletion, respectively) has been shown to accumulate with age in post-mitotic tissues with high energetic demands. Among numerous deletions, the common deletion has been proposed to serve as a molecular marker for aging and play a critical role in presbyacusis. However, so far no previous publication has quantified the contribution of common deletion to the total burden of mtDNA deletions in tissues during aging process. In the present study, we established a rat model with various degrees of aging in inner ear induced by three different doses of d-galactose (d-gal) administration. Firstly, multiple mtDNA deletions in inner ear were detected by nested PCR and long range PCR. In addition to the common deletion, three novel mtDNA deletions were identified. All four deletions, located in the major arc of mtDNA, are flanked by direct repeats and involve the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit III gene, encoded by mtDNA. Additionally, absolute quantitative real-time PCR assay was used to detect the level of common deletion and total deletion burden of mtDNA. The quantitative data show that the common deletion is the most frequent type of mtDNA deletions, exceeding 67.86% of the total deletion burden. Finally, increased mtDNA copy number, reduced COX activity and mosaic ultrastructural impairments in inner ear were identified in d-gal-induced aging rats. The increase of mtDNA replication may contribute to the accelerated accumulation of mtDNA deletions, which may result in impairment of mitochondrial function in inner ear. Taken together, these findings suggest that the common deletion may serve as an ideal molecular marker to assess the mtDNA damage in inner ear during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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44
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Young MJ, Longley MJ, Li FY, Kasiviswanathan R, Wong LJ, Copeland WC. Biochemical analysis of human POLG2 variants associated with mitochondrial disease. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3052-66. [PMID: 21555342 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance comprise an expanding repertoire of polymorphic diseases caused, in part, by mutations in the genes encoding the p140 mtDNA polymerase (POLG), its p55 accessory subunit (POLG2) or the mtDNA helicase (C10orf2). In an exploration of nuclear genes for mtDNA maintenance linked to mitochondrial disease, eight heterozygous mutations (six novel) in POLG2 were identified in one control and eight patients with POLG-related mitochondrial disease that lacked POLG mutations. Of these eight mutations, we biochemically characterized seven variants [c.307G>A (G103S); c.457C>G (L153V); c.614C>G (P205R); c.1105A>G (R369G); c.1158T>G (D386E); c.1268C>A (S423Y); c.1423_1424delTT (L475DfsX2)] that were previously uncharacterized along with the wild-type protein and the G451E pathogenic variant. These seven mutations encode amino acid substitutions that map throughout the protein, including the p55 dimer interface and the C-terminal domain that interacts with the catalytic subunit. Recombinant proteins harboring these alterations were assessed for stimulation of processive DNA synthesis, binding to the p140 catalytic subunit, binding to dsDNA and self-dimerization. Whereas the G103S, L153V, D386E and S423Y proteins displayed wild-type behavior, the P205R and R369G p55 variants had reduced stimulation of processivity and decreased affinity for the catalytic subunit. Additionally, the L475DfsX2 variant, which possesses a C-terminal truncation, was unable to bind the p140 catalytic subunit, unable to bind dsDNA and formed aberrant oligomeric complexes. Our biochemical analysis helps explain the pathogenesis of POLG2 mutations in mitochondrial disease and emphasizes the need to quantitatively characterize the biochemical consequences of newly discovered mutations before classifying them as pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Young
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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45
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Wagatsuma A, Kotake N, Kawachi T, Shiozuka M, Yamada S, Matsuda R. Mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle to hindlimb unloading. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 350:1-11. [PMID: 21165677 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the regulation of mitochondrial adaptations to hindlimb unloading (HU), the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the expression of nuclear-encoded genes which control mitochondrial properties in mouse gastrocnemius muscle were investigated. Biochemical and enzyme histochemical analysis showed that subsarcolemmal mitochondria were lost largely than intermyofibrillar mitochondria after HU. Gene expression analysis revealed disturbed or diminished gene expression patterns. The three main results of this analysis are as follows. First, in contrast to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 β (PGC-1β) and PGC-1-related coactivator, which were down-regulated by HU, PGC-1α was up-regulated concomitant with decreased expression of its DNA binding transcription factors, PPARα, and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Moreover, there was no alteration in expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, but its downstream target gene, mitochondrial transcription factor A, was down-regulated. Second, both mitofusin 2 and fission 1, which control mitochondrial morphology, were down-regulated. Third, ATP-dependent Lon protease, which participates in mitochondrial-protein degradation, was also down-regulated. These findings suggest that HU may induce uncoordinated expression of PGC-1 family coactivators and DNA binding transcription factors, resulting in reducing ability of mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, down-regulation of mitochondrial morphology-related genes associated with HU may be also involved in alterations in intracellular mitochondrial distribution.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Animals
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Hindlimb Suspension/physiology
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Muscle/genetics
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/physiology
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/genetics
- SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wagatsuma
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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46
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Guevara R, Gianotti M, Roca P, Oliver J. Age and sex-related changes in rat brain mitochondrial function. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:201-6. [PMID: 21471708 DOI: 10.1159/000327945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is responsible for the decline in the function of mitochondria and their increase in size and number--adaptive mechanism to restore mitochondrial function. Estrogens increase mitochondrial function, especially in female rats. The aim of this study was to determine the age-related changes in rat brain mitochondrial function focusing on sex differences. Cellular and mitochondrial protein and DNA content, mitochondrial oxidative and phosphorylative function in male and female rat brain from four different age groups (6, 12, 18 and 24 months old) were analyzed. Mitochondria protein/DNA content decreased with aging shifting toward lesser mitochondrial functional capacity and the mitochondria number increased. A sex dimorphism was determined, with female rat brain showing mitochondria with greater functional capacity than males. These sex differences gradually increased during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guevara
- Grupo de Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Departamento de Biología Fundamental y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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47
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Muscle regeneration occurs to coincide with mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 349:139-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Hebert SL, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Mitochondrial DNA alterations and reduced mitochondrial function in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:451-62. [PMID: 20307565 PMCID: PMC2910809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA increases with aging. This damage has the potential to affect mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription which could alter the abundance or functionality of mitochondrial proteins. This review describes mitochondrial DNA alterations and changes in mitochondrial function that occur with aging. Age-related alterations in mitochondrial DNA as a possible contributor to the reduction in mitochondrial function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Corresponding author: K. Sreekumaran Nair, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, Telephone: 507-255-2415, Fax: 507-255-4828,
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Karunadharma PP, Nordgaard CL, Olsen TW, Ferrington DA. Mitochondrial DNA damage as a potential mechanism for age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:5470-9. [PMID: 20505194 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests a central role for mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previous proteomic data from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) revealed significant changes to mt proteins, suggesting potential functional defects and damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with AMD progression. The present study tests the hypothesis that mtDNA damage increases with aging and AMD. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from the macular region of human donor RPE graded for stages of AMD (Minnesota Grading System [MGS] 1-4). Region-specific mtDNA damage with normal aging was evaluated in 45 control subjects (ages 34-88 years, MGS 1) and AMD-associated damage in diseased subjects (n = 46), compared with that in age-matched control subjects (n = 26). Lesions per 10 kb per genome in the mtDNA and nuclear DNA were measured with long-extension polymerase chain reaction (LX PCR). The level of deleted mtDNA in each donor was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS With aging, an increase in mtDNA damage was observed only in the common deletion region of the mt genome. In contrast, with AMD, mtDNA lesions increased significantly in all regions of the mt genome beyond levels found in age-matched control subjects. mtDNA accumulated more lesions than did two nuclear genes, with total damage of the mt genome estimated to be eight times higher. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data indicate that mtDNA is preferentially damaged with AMD progression. These results suggest a potential link between mt dysfunction due to increased mtDNA lesions and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabalu P Karunadharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Bauer BS, Forsyth GW, Sandmeyer LS, Grahn BH. Relative quantification of white blood cell mitochondrial DNA and assessment of mitochondria by use of transmission electron microscopy in English Springer Spaniels with and without retinal dysplasia. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:454-9. [PMID: 20367054 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare relative amounts of WBC mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; assessed via real-time PCR assay) and morphology of lymphocyte mitochondria (assessed via transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) in blood samples collected from English Springer Spaniels with and without retinal dysplasia. ANIMALS 7 and 5 client-owned English Springer Spaniels (1 to 11 years old) with and without retinal dysplasia, respectively. PROCEDURES Blood samples were obtained from affected and unaffected dogs via venipuncture. Genomic DNA was extracted from WBCs of the 7 affected and 5 unaffected dogs, and relative quantification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COX1) was determined via analysis of real-time PCR results. White blood cells from 3 affected and 4 unaffected dogs were embedded in epoxide resin for TEM; cross sections were examined for lymphocytes, which were measured. The mitochondria within lymphocytes were quantified, and the mitochondrial surface area per lymphocyte cross section was calculated. A masked technique was used to compare mitochondrial morphology between the 2 groups. RESULTS Compared with the smallest measured quantity of mtDNA among unaffected dogs, mtDNA amounts varied among unaffected (1.08- to 4.76-fold differences) and affected dogs (1- to 2.68-fold differences). Analysis of lymphocyte measurements and mitochondrial surface area, morphology, and quantity revealed no significant differences between affected and unaffected dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE No significant differences were detected in relative amounts of WBC mtDNA or the size, number, or morphology of lymphocyte mitochondria in English Springer Spaniels affected with retinal dysplasia, compared with results for unaffected control dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Bauer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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