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Fronza MG, Ferreira BF, Pavan-Silva I, Guimarães FS, Lisboa SF. "NO" Time in Fear Response: Possible Implication of Nitric-Oxide-Related Mechanisms in PTSD. Molecules 2023; 29:89. [PMID: 38202672 PMCID: PMC10779493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent fear responses and altered neurotransmitter functioning due to traumatic experiences. Stress predominantly affects glutamate, a neurotransmitter crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Activation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR) can trigger the formation of a complex comprising postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95), the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and its adaptor protein (NOS1AP). This complex is pivotal in activating nNOS and nitric oxide (NO) production, which, in turn, activates downstream pathways that modulate neuronal signaling, including synaptic plasticity/transmission, inflammation, and cell death. The involvement of nNOS and NOS1AP in the susceptibility of PTSD and its comorbidities has been widely shown. Therefore, understanding the interplay between stress, fear, and NO is essential for comprehending the maintenance and progression of PTSD, since NO is involved in fear acquisition and extinction processes. Moreover, NO induces post-translational modifications (PTMs), including S-nitrosylation and nitration, which alter protein function and structure for intracellular signaling. Although evidence suggests that NO influences synaptic plasticity and memory processing, the specific role of PTMs in the pathophysiology of PTSD remains unclear. This review highlights pathways modulated by NO that could be relevant to stress and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Fronza
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Bruna F. Ferreira
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Isabela Pavan-Silva
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Pharmacology Departament, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (M.G.F.); (B.F.F.); (I.P.-S.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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2
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW. Nitric oxide and thiols: Chemical biology, signalling paradigms and vascular therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16274. [PMID: 37908126 PMCID: PMC11058123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (• NO) interactions with biological thiols play crucial, but incompletely determined, roles in vascular signalling and other biological processes. Here, we highlight two recently proposed signalling paradigms: (1) the formation of a vasodilating labile nitrosyl ferrous haem (NO-ferrohaem) facilitated by thiols via thiyl radical generation and (2) polysulfides/persulfides and their interaction with • NO. We also describe the specific (bio)chemical routes in which • NO and thiols react to form S-nitrosothiols, a broad class of small molecules, and protein post-translational modifications that can influence protein function through catalytic site or allosteric structural changes. S-Nitrosothiol formation depends upon cellular conditions, but critically, an appropriate oxidant for either the thiol (yielding a thiyl radical) or • NO (yielding a nitrosonium [NO+ ]-donating species) is required. We examine the roles of these collective • NO/thiol species in vascular signalling and their cardiovascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Biojone C, C Casarotto P, Cannarozzo C, Fred SM, Herrera-Rodríguez R, Lesnikova A, Voipio M, Castrén E. nNOS-induced tyrosine nitration of TRKB impairs BDNF signaling and restrains neuronal plasticity. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 222:102413. [PMID: 36682419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been long recognized as an important modulator of neural plasticity, but characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved - specially the guanylyl cyclase-independent ones - has been challenging. There is evidence that NO could modify BDNF-TRKB signaling, a key mediator of neuronal plasticity. However, the mechanism underlying the interplay of NO and TRKB remains unclear. Here we show that NO induces nitration of the tyrosine 816 in the TRKB receptor in vivo and in vitro, and that post-translational modification inhibits TRKB phosphorylation and binding of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) to this same tyrosine residue. Additionally, nitration triggers clathrin-dependent endocytosis of TRKB through the adaptor protein AP-2 and ubiquitination, thereby increasing translocation of TRKB away from the neuronal surface and directing it towards lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, inhibition of nitric oxide increases TRKB phosphorylation and TRKB-dependent neurite branching in neuronal cultures. In vivo, chronic inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) dramatically reduced TRKB nitration and facilitated TRKB signaling in the visual cortex, and promoted a shift in ocular dominance upon monocular deprivation - an indicator of increased plasticity. Altogether, our data describe and characterize a new molecular brake on plasticity, namely nitration of TRKB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Biojone
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, and Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine.
| | - Plinio C Casarotto
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia Cannarozzo
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Senem Merve Fred
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Angelina Lesnikova
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Voipio
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLife, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Steinert JR, Amal H. The contribution of an imbalanced redox signalling to neurological and neurodegenerative conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:71-83. [PMID: 36435368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and other redox active molecules such as oxygen free radicals provide essential signalling in diverse neuronal functions, but their excess production and insufficient scavenging induces cytotoxic redox stress which is associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neurological conditions. A further component of redox signalling is mediated by a homeostatic regulation of divalent metal ions, the imbalance of which contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Additional antioxidant molecules such as glutathione and enzymes such as super oxide dismutase are involved in maintaining a physiological redox status within neurons. When cellular processes are perturbed and generation of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidants capacity of the neurons, a resulting redox damage leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Cellular sources for production of redox-active molecules may include NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzymes, such as endothelial, neuronal and inducible NO synthases. Several neurodegenerative and developmental neurological conditions are associated with an imbalanced redox state as a result of neuroinflammatory processes leading to nitrosative and oxidative stress. Ongoing research aims at understanding the causes and consequences of such imbalanced redox homeostasis and its role in neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, UK.
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Lipid-Based Molecules on Signaling Pathways in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179803. [PMID: 36077195 PMCID: PMC9456412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and provide insights for devising new therapeutic strategies. Prostaglandin E2 is a membrane-derived lipid molecule that contributes to developing ASD associated with canonical Wnt signaling. Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a key role in neuroinflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as ASD. The endocannabinoid system maintains a balance between inflammatory and redox status and synaptic plasticity and is a potential target for ASD pathophysiology. Redox signaling refers to specific and usually reversible oxidation–reduction reactions, some of which are also involved in pathways accounting for the abnormal behavior observed in ASD. Redox signaling and redox status-sensitive transcription factors contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD. Cannabinoids regulate the redox balance by altering the levels and activity of antioxidant molecules via ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX) and ROS-scavenging superoxide dismutase enzymes. These signaling cascades integrate a broad range of neurodevelopmental processes that may be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Based on these pathways, we highlight putative targets that may be used for devising novel therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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6
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Morris G, Walder K, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Marx W, Bortolasci CC, Yung AR, Puri BK, Maes M. Intertwined associations between oxidative and nitrosative stress and endocannabinoid system pathways: Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110481. [PMID: 34826557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) appears to regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, gastrointestinal, lung, and reproductive system functions, as well as the central nervous system. There is also evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with ECS abnormalities as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. The goal of this mechanistic review is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the ECS's regulation of redox signalling, as well as the mechanisms by which activated oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways may impair ECS-mediated signalling. Cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 activation and upregulation of brain CB2 receptors reduce oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in less tissue damage and less neuroinflammation. Chronically high levels of oxidative stress may impair CB1 and CB2 receptor activity. CB1 activation in peripheral cells increases nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity, reducing mitochondrial activity. Upregulation of CB2 in the peripheral and central nervous systems may reduce iNOS, nitrosative stress, and neuroinflammation. Nitrosative stress may have an impact on CB1 and CB2-mediated signalling. Peripheral immune activation, which frequently occurs in response to nitro-oxidative stress, may result in increased expression of CB2 receptors on T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, reducing the production of inflammatory products and limiting the duration and intensity of the immune and oxidative stress response. In conclusion, high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress may compromise or even abolish ECS-mediated redox pathway regulation. Future research in neuropsychiatric disorders like mood disorders and deficit schizophrenia should explore abnormalities in these intertwined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolf Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alison R Yung
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Health Science, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Basant K Puri
- University of Winchester, UK, and C.A.R., Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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7
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Wilms C, Lepka K, Häberlein F, Edwards S, Felsberg J, Pudelko L, Lindenberg TT, Poschmann G, Qin N, Volbracht K, Prozorovski T, Meuth SG, Kahlert UD, Remke M, Aktas O, Reifenberger G, Bräutigam L, Odermatt B, Berndt C. Glutaredoxin 2 promotes SP-1-dependent CSPG4 transcription and migration of wound healing NG2 glia and glioma cells: Enzymatic Taoism. Redox Biol 2021; 49:102221. [PMID: 34952462 PMCID: PMC8715126 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation of specific cysteines via oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin family is increasingly being recognized as an important signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that the cytosolic isoform of the vertebrate-specific oxidoreductase Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2c) regulates the redox state of the transcription factor SP-1 and thereby its binding affinity to both the promoter and an enhancer region of the CSPG4 gene encoding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2). This leads to an increased number of NG2 glia during in vitro oligodendroglial differentiation and promotes migration of these wound healing cells. On the other hand, we found that the same mechanism also leads to increased invasion of glioma tumor cells. Using in vitro (human cell lines), ex vivo (mouse primary cells), and in vivo models (zebrafish), as well as glioblastoma patient tissue samples we provide experimental data highlighting the Yin and Yang of redox signaling in the central nervous system and the enzymatic Taoism of Grx2c. CSPG4 promoter binding of the transcription factor SP-1 depends on glutaredoxin 2 Cytosolic glutaredoxin 2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation into NG2 glia Migration and wound healing capacity of NG2 glia is increased by glutaredoxin 2 Glutaredoxin 2 increases invasion of human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaudia Lepka
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Häberlein
- Institute for Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, HeinrichHeineUniversity Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Volbracht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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8
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Zhao S, Song TY, Wang ZY, Gao J, Cao JW, Hu LL, Huang ZR, Xie LP, Ji Y. S-nitrosylation of Hsp90 promotes cardiac hypertrophy in mice through GSK3β signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 43:1979-1988. [PMID: 34934196 PMCID: PMC9343375 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, as one of the major predisposing factors for chronic heart failure, lacks effective interventions. Exploring the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy will reveal potential therapeutic targets. S-nitrosylation is a kind of posttranslational modification that occurs at active cysteines of proteins to mediate various cellular processes. We here identified heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a highly S-nitrosylated target in the hearts of rodents with hypertrophy, and the role of Hsp90 in cardiac hypertrophy remains undefined. The S-nitrosylation of Hsp90 (SNO-Hsp90) levels were elevated in angiotensin II (Ang II)- or phenylephrine (PE)-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in vitro as well as in cardiomyocytes isolated from mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in vivo. We demonstrated that the elevated SNO-Hsp90 levels were mediated by decreased S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) expression during cardiac hypertrophy, and delivery of GSNOR adeno-associated virus expression vectors (AAV9-GSNOR) decreased the SNO-Hsp90 levels to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that cysteine 589 (Cys589) might be the S-nitrosylation site of Hsp90. Delivery of the mutated AAV9-Hsp90-C589A inhibited SNO-Hsp90 levels and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. We further revealed that SNO-Hsp90 led to increased interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and Hsp90, leading to elevated GSK3β phosphorylation and decreased eIF2Bε phosphorylation, thereby aggravating cardiac hypertrophy. Application of GSK3β inhibitor TWS119 abolished the protective effect of Hsp90-C589A mutation in Ang II-treated NRCMs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a critical role of SNO-Hsp90 in cardiac hypertrophy, which may be of a therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy treatment.
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9
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Kane EI, Waters KL, Spratt DE. Intersection of Redox Chemistry and Ubiquitylation: Post-Translational Modifications Required for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis and Neuroprotection. Cells 2021; 10:2121. [PMID: 34440890 PMCID: PMC8394436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration has been predominantly recognized as neuronal breakdown induced by the accumulation of aggregated and/or misfolded proteins and remains a preliminary factor in age-dependent disease. Recently, critical regulating molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways have been shown to induce neurodegeneration long before aggregate accumulation could occur. Although this opens the possibility of identifying biomarkers for early onset diagnosis, many of these pathways vary in their modes of dysfunction while presenting similar clinical phenotypes. With selectivity remaining difficult, it is promising that these neuroprotective pathways are regulated through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This essential post-translational modification (PTM) involves the specific attachment of ubiquitin onto a substrate, specifically marking the ubiquitin-tagged protein for its intracellular fate based upon the site of attachment, the ubiquitin chain type built, and isopeptide linkages between different ubiquitin moieties. This review highlights both the direct and indirect impact ubiquitylation has in oxidative stress response and neuroprotection, and how irregularities in these intricate processes lead towards the onset of neurodegenerative disease (NDD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald E. Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA; (E.I.K.); (K.L.W.)
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10
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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11
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Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives. Biochem J 2021; 477:3649-3672. [PMID: 33017470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
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12
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Richards LA, Schonhoff CM. Nitric oxide and sex differences in dendritic branching and arborization. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1390-1400. [PMID: 33538046 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule with many functions in the nervous system. Derived from the enzymatic conversion of arginine by several nitric oxide synthases (NOS), NO plays significant roles in neuronal developmental events such as the establishment of dendritic branching or arbors. A brief summary of the discovery, molecular biology, and chemistry of NO, and a description of important NO-mediated signal transduction pathways with emphasis on the role for NO in the development of dendritic branching during neurodevelopment are presented. Important sex differences in neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression during neuronal development are considered. Finally, a survey of endogenous and exogenous substances that disrupt dendritic patterning is presented with particular emphasis on how these molecules may drive NO-mediated sex differences in dendritic branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Schonhoff
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
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13
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Chachlaki K, Prevot V. Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5437-5458. [PMID: 31347144 PMCID: PMC7707094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with the ability to make continual adjustments to function in response to moment-to-moment changes in physiological input. Here, we summarize the progress in the field and argue that NO-synthetizing neurons and NO signalling in the brain provide a core hub for integrating sensory- and homeostatic-related cues, control key bodily functions, and provide a potential target for new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine and behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainJean‐Pierre Aubert Research Centre, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- School of MedicineUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- CHU LilleFHU 1,000 days for HealthLilleFrance
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14
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Morris G, Puri BK, Olive L, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Gustad LT, Maes M. Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders-causes and suggested treatments. BMC Med 2020; 18:305. [PMID: 33070778 PMCID: PMC7570030 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. MAIN TEXT Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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15
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Singh S. Updates on Versatile Role of Putative Gasotransmitter Nitric Oxide: Culprit in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2407-2415. [PMID: 32564594 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gasotransmitter that contributes in a range of physiological and pathological mechanims depending on its cellular levels. An appropriate concentration of NO is essentially required for cellular physiology; however, its increased level triggers pathological mechanisms like altered cellular redox regulation, functional impairment of mitochondrion, and modifications in cellular proteins and DNA. Its increased levels also exhibit post-translational modifications in protein through S-nitrosylation of their thiol amino acids, which critically affect the cellular physiology. Along with such modifications, NO could also nitrosylate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane located sensors of ER stress, which subsequently affect the cellular protein degradation capacity and lead to aggregation of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Since protein aggregation is one of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease, NO should be taken into account during development of disease therapies. In this Review, we shed light on the diverse role of NO in both cellular physiology and pathology and discussed its involvement in various pathological events in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
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16
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Tripathi MK, Kartawy M, Amal H. The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101567. [PMID: 32464501 PMCID: PMC7256645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation of neurons. It also regulates synaptic activity, plasticity and vesicle trafficking. NO affects cellular signalling through protein S-nitrosylation, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols (SNO). SNO can affect protein activity, protein-protein interaction and protein localization. Numerous studies have shown that excessive NO and SNO can lead to nitrosative stress in the nervous system, contributing to neuropathology. In this review, we summarize the role of NO and SNO in the progression of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of NO in diverse brain disorders. Finally, we suggest that pharmacological agents that can inhibit or augment the production of NO as well as new approaches to modulate the formation of SNO-proteins can serve as a promising approach for the treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryam Kartawy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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17
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Low Doses of Arsenic in a Mouse Model of Human Exposure and in Neuronal Culture Lead to S-Nitrosylation of Synaptic Proteins and Apoptosis via Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113948. [PMID: 32486366 PMCID: PMC7312481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating public health and epidemiological literature support the hypothesis that arsenic in drinking water or food affects the brain adversely. Methods: Experiments on the consequences of nitric oxide (NO) formation in neuronal cell culture and mouse brain were conducted to probe the mechanistic pathways of nitrosative damage following arsenic exposure. Results: After exposure of mouse embryonic neuronal cells to low doses of sodium arsenite (SA), we found that Ca2+ was released leading to the formation of large amounts of NO and apoptosis. Inhibition of NO synthase prevented neuronal apoptosis. Further, SA led to concerted S-nitrosylation of proteins significantly associated with synaptic vesicle recycling and acetyl-CoA homeostasis. Our findings show that low-dose chronic exposure (0.1–1 ppm) to SA in the drinking water of mice led to S-nitrosylation of proteomic cysteines. Subsequent removal of arsenic from the drinking water reversed the biochemical alterations. Conclusions: This work develops a mechanistic understanding of the role of NO in arsenic-mediated toxicity in the brain, incorporating Ca2+ release and S-nitrosylation as important modifiers of neuronal protein function.
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18
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Khaliulin I, Kartawy M, Amal H. Sex Differences in Biological Processes and Nitrergic Signaling in Mouse Brain. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050124. [PMID: 32429146 PMCID: PMC7277573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) represents an important signaling molecule which modulates the functions of different organs, including the brain. S-nitrosylation (SNO), a post-translational modification that involves the binding of the NO group to a cysteine residue, is a key mechanism of nitrergic signaling. Most of the experimental studies are carried out on male animals. However, significant differences exist between males and females in the signaling mechanisms. To investigate the sex differences in the SNO-based regulation of biological functions and signaling pathways in the cortices of 6–8-weeks-old mice, we used the mass spectrometry technique, to identify S-nitrosylated proteins, followed by large-scale computational biology. This work revealed significant sex differences in the NO and SNO-related biological functions in the cortices of mice for the first-time. The study showed significant SNO-induced enrichment of the synaptic processes in female mice, but enhanced SNO-related cytoskeletal processes in the male mice. Proteins, which were S-nitrosylated in the cortices of mice of both groups, were more abundant in the female brain. Finally, we investigated the shared molecular processes that were found in both sexes. This study presents a mechanistic insight into the role of S-nitrosylation in both sexes and provides strong evidence of sex difference in many biological processes and signalling pathways, which will open future research directions on sex differences in neurological disorders.
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19
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Bahadoran Z, Carlström M, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Nitric oxide: To be or not to be an endocrine hormone? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13443. [PMID: 31944587 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive gasotransmitter, is critical for a number of cellular processes and has multiple biological functions. Due to its limited lifetime and diffusion distance, NO has been mainly believed to act in autocrine/paracrine fashion. The increasingly recognized effects of pharmacologically delivered and endogenous NO at a distant site have changed the conventional wisdom and introduced NO as an endocrine signalling molecule. The notion is greatly supported by the detection of a number of NO adducts and their circulatory cycles, which in turn contribute to the transport and delivery of NO bioactivity, remote from the sites of its synthesis. The existence of endocrine sites of synthesis, negative feedback regulation of biosynthesis, integrated storage and transport systems, having an exclusive receptor, that is, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and organized circadian rhythmicity make NO something beyond a simple autocrine/paracrine signalling molecule that could qualify for being an endocrine signalling molecule. Here, we discuss hormonal features of NO from the classical endocrine point of view and review available knowledge supporting NO as a true endocrine hormone. This new insight can provide a new framework within which to reinterpret NO biology and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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20
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Montagna C, Cirotti C, Rizza S, Filomeni G. When S-Nitrosylation Gets to Mitochondria: From Signaling to Age-Related Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:884-905. [PMID: 31931592 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cysteines have an essential role in redox signaling, transforming an oxidant signal into a biological response. Among reversible cysteine post-translational modifications, S-nitrosylation acts as a redox-switch in several pathophysiological states, such as ischemia/reperfusion, synaptic transmission, cancer, and muscular dysfunctions. Recent Advances: Growing pieces of in vitro and in vivo evidence argue for S-nitrosylation being deeply involved in development and aging, and playing a role in the onset of different pathological states. New findings suggest it being an enzymatically regulated cellular process, with deep impact on mitochondrial structure and function, and in cellular metabolism. In light of this, the recent discovery of the denitrosylase S-nitrosoCoA (coenzyme A) reductase takes on even greater importance and opens new perspectives on S-nitrosylation as a general mechanism of cellular homeostasis. Critical Issues: Based on these recent findings, we aim at summarizing and elaborating on the established and emerging crucial roles of S-nitrosylation in mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy, and provide an overview of the pathophysiological effects induced by its deregulation. Future Directions: The identification of new S-nitrosylation targets, and the comprehension of the mechanisms through which S-nitrosylation modulates specific classes of proteins, that is, those impinging on diverse mitochondrial functions, may help to better understand the pathophysiology of aging, and propose lines of intervention to slow down or extend the onset of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montagna
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Simão S, Marques da Silva D, Santos DF, Onofre de Carvalho AP, Pereira AC, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Morato E, Marina A, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. Identification of new targets of S-nitrosylation in neural stem cells by thiol redox proteomics. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101457. [PMID: 32088623 PMCID: PMC7038503 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is well established as a regulator of neurogenesis. NO increases the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC), and is essential for hippocampal injury-induced neurogenesis following an excitotoxic lesion. One of the mechanisms underlying non-classical NO cell signaling is protein S-nitrosylation. This post-translational modification consists in the formation of a nitrosothiol group (R-SNO) in cysteine residues, which can promote formation of other oxidative modifications in those cysteine residues. S-nitrosylation can regulate many physiological processes, including neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis. In this work, we aimed to identify S-nitrosylation targets of NO that could participate in neurogenesis. In NSC, we identified a group of proteins oxidatively modified using complementary techniques of thiol redox proteomics. S-nitrosylation of some of these proteins was confirmed and validated in a seizure mouse model of hippocampal injury and in cultured hippocampal stem cells. The identified S-nitrosylated proteins are involved in the ERK/MAPK pathway and may be important targets of NO to enhance the proliferation of NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-527, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques da Silva
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Catarina Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Morato
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28009, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- Centre for Biomedical Research, CBMR, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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22
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Berk M, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The compensatory antioxidant response system with a focus on neuroprogressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109708. [PMID: 31351160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major antioxidant responses to increased levels of inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (ONS) are detailed. In response to increasing levels of nitric oxide, S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiol groups leads to post-transcriptional modification of many cellular proteins and thereby regulates their activity and allows cellular adaptation to increased levels of ONS. S-nitrosylation inhibits the function of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor-mediated signalling and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases, while activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2); in turn, the redox-regulated activation of Nrf2 leads to increased levels and/or activity of key enzymes and transporter systems involved in the glutathione system. The Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 axis is associated with upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, which in turn has anti-inflammatory effects. Increased Nrf2 transcriptional activity also leads to activation of haem oxygenase-1, which is associated with upregulation of bilirubin, biliverdin and biliverdin reductase as well as increased carbon monoxide signalling, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Associated transcriptional responses, which may be mediated by retrograde signalling owing to elevated hydrogen peroxide, include the unfolded protein response (UPR), mitohormesis and the mitochondrial UPR; the UPR also results from increasing levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species leading to nitrosylation, glutathionylation, oxidation and nitration of crucial cysteine and tyrosine causing protein misfolding and the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is shown how these mechanisms co-operate in forming a co-ordinated rapid and prolonged compensatory antioxidant response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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23
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Maksoud MJE, Tellios V, An D, Xiang Y, Lu W. Nitric oxide upregulates microglia phagocytosis and increases transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 channel expression on the plasma membrane. Glia 2019; 67:2294-2311. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. E. Maksoud
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience The University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Vasiliki Tellios
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience The University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Dong An
- Department of Molecular Medicine Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Yun‐Yan Xiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Wei‐Yang Lu
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience The University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology The University of Western Ontario London Canada
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24
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Mnatsakanyan R, Markoutsa S, Walbrunn K, Roos A, Verhelst SHL, Zahedi RP. Proteome-wide detection of S-nitrosylation targets and motifs using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker-based enrichment and switch technique. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2195. [PMID: 31097712 PMCID: PMC6522481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine modifications emerge as important players in cellular signaling and homeostasis. Here, we present a chemical proteomics strategy for quantitative analysis of reversibly modified Cysteines using bioorthogonal cleavable-linker and switch technique (Cys-BOOST). Compared to iodoTMT for total Cysteine analysis, Cys-BOOST shows a threefold higher sensitivity and considerably higher specificity and precision. Analyzing S-nitrosylation (SNO) in S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)-treated and non-treated HeLa extracts Cys-BOOST identifies 8,304 SNO sites on 3,632 proteins covering a wide dynamic range of the proteome. Consensus motifs of SNO sites with differential GSNO reactivity confirm the relevance of both acid-base catalysis and local hydrophobicity for NO targeting to particular Cysteines. Applying Cys-BOOST to SH-SY5Y cells, we identify 2,151 SNO sites under basal conditions and reveal significantly changed SNO levels as response to early nitrosative stress, involving neuro(axono)genesis, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, protein folding/translation, and DNA replication. Our work suggests SNO as a global regulator of protein function akin to phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Reversible cysteine modifications play important roles in cellular redox signaling. Here, the authors develop a chemical proteomics strategy that enables the quantitative analysis of endogenous cysteine nitrosylation sites and their dynamic regulation under nitrosative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzanna Mnatsakanyan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stavroula Markoutsa
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kim Walbrunn
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3T2, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Morris G, Maes M, Berk M, Puri BK. Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop? Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:385-415. [PMID: 30758706 PMCID: PMC6428797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of the development and progression of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis), the aetiology of which is currently unknown, is put forward, starting with a consideration of the post-infection role of damage-associated molecular patterns and the development of chronic inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress in genetically predisposed individuals. The consequences are detailed, including the role of increased intestinal permeability and the translocation of commensal antigens into the circulation, and the development of dysautonomia, neuroinflammation, and neurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities. Increasing levels of such stress and the switch to immune and metabolic downregulation are detailed next in relation to the advent of hypernitrosylation, impaired mitochondrial performance, immune suppression, cellular hibernation, endotoxin tolerance and sirtuin 1 activation. The role of chronic stress and the development of endotoxin tolerance via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation and the characteristics of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and T cells, including regulatory T cells, in endotoxin tolerance are detailed next. Finally, it is shown how the immune and metabolic abnormalities of chronic fatigue syndrome can be explained by endotoxin tolerance, thus completing the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
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PRDX6 Inhibits Neurogenesis through Downregulation of WDFY1-Mediated TLR4 Signal. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3132-3144. [PMID: 30097850 PMCID: PMC6476867 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis has been associated with several brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in neurodegenerative diseases is very controversial. To demonstrate the role of PRDX6 in neurogenesis, we compared the neurogenesis ability of PRDX6-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type mice and studied the involved molecular mechanisms. We showed that the neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expression of the marker protein were lower in PRDX6 Tg-mice than in wild-type mice. To determine the factors involved in PRDX6-related neural stem cell impairment, we performed a microarray experiment. We showed that the expression of WDFY1 was dramatically decreased in PRDX6-Tg mice. Moreover, WDFY1 siRNA decreases the differentiation ability of primary neural stem cells. Interestingly, WDFY1 reportedly recruits the signaling adaptor TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) to toll-like receptors (TLRs); thus, we showed the relationship among TLRs, PRDX6, and WDFY1. We showed that TLR4 was dramatically reduced in PRDX6 Tg mice, and reduced TLR4 expression and neurogenesis was reversed by the introduction of WDFY1 plasmid in the neural stem cells from PRDX6 Tg mice. This study indicated that PRDX6 inhibits the neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through TLR4-dependent downregulation of WDFY1 and suggested that the inhibitory effect of PRDX6 on neurogenesis play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases in the PRDX6 overexpressing transgenic mice.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as regulators of several physiological processes. In this study, we discuss how redox signaling mechanisms operate to control different processes such as neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, dendritic growth, and axonal growth. Recent Advances: Redox homeostasis regulates the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, the neuronal differentiation process of NSCs is determined by a change toward oxidative metabolism, increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, increased activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, decreased levels of Nrf2, and differential regulation of different redoxins. Furthermore, during the neuronal maturation processes, NOX and MICAL produce ROS to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which control the dendritic and axonal growth, as well as the axonal guidance. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox homeostasis changes are, in part, attributed to cell metabolism and compartmentalized production of ROS, which is regulated, sensed, and transduced by different molecules such as thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and nucleoredoxin to control different signaling pathways in different subcellular regions. The study of how these elements cooperatively act is essential for the understanding of nervous system development, as well as the application of regenerative therapies that recapitulate these processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The information about these topics in the last two decades leads us to the conclusion that the role of ROS signaling in development of the nervous system is more important than it was previously believed and makes clear the importance of exploring in more detail the mechanisms of redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1603-1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Tong Y, Li Y, Gu H, Wang C, Liu F, Shao Y, Li F. HSF1, in association with MORC2, downregulates ArgBP2 via the PRC2 family in gastric cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1104-1114. [PMID: 29339121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arg Kinase-binding protein 2 (ArgBP2) is considered to be a scaffold protein that coordinates multiple signaling pathways converging on cell adhesion and actin cytoskeletal organization. It also plays an important role in blocking cancer metastasis as a potential tumor suppressor. However, its regulation mechanisms in tumor migration, especially in gastric cancer, are not fully understood. Here, we identified an ArgBP2 enhancer and showed that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) directly interacted with microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) and bound to the enhancer of ArgBP2. HSF1 was found to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. HSF1 or/and MORC2 increased recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), particularly enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), to the ArgBP2 enhancer and catalyzed tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), leading to transcriptional repression of ArgBP2. In addition, HSF1 and MORC2-induced migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells was dependent on ArgBP2 or EZH2. Clinical data exhibited a negative correlation of ArgBP2 with MORC2, HSF1, and EZH2. Our results thus contribute to the knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of HSF1 in down-regulating ArgBP2, providing new insight into the HSF1&MORC2-PRC2-ArgBP2 signaling pathway and a better understanding of their functions in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tong
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Department of Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yangguang Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Santos AI, Carreira BP, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Ramos E, Lourenço AS, Filipa Santos D, Morte MI, Ribeiro LF, Marreiros A, Sánchez-López N, Marina A, Carvalho CM, Martínez-Ruiz A, Araújo IM. S-Nitrosylation of Ras Mediates Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Injury Neurogenesis in a Seizure Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018. [PMID: 28648093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the upregulation of endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampus after injury. One of the main neurogenic pathways activated by NO is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor. However, the mechanism by which NO stimulates cell proliferation through activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway remains unknown, although p21Ras seems to be one of the earliest targets of NO. Here, we aimed at studying the possible neurogenic action of NO by post-translational modification of p21Ras as a relevant target for early neurogenic events promoted by NO in neural stem cells (NSCs). RESULTS We show that NO caused S-nitrosylation (SNO) of p21Ras in Cys118, which triggered downstream activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and proliferation of NSC. Moreover, in cells overexpressing a mutant Ras in which Cys118 was replaced by a serine-C118S-, cells were insensitive to NO, and no increase in SNO, in ERK phosphorylation, or in cell proliferation was observed. We also show that, after seizures, in the presence of NO derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, there was an increase in p21Ras cysteine modification that was concomitant with the previously described stimulation of proliferation in the dentate gyrus. INNOVATION Our work identifies p21Ras and its SNO as an early target of NO during signaling events that lead to NSC proliferation and neurogenesis. CONCLUSION Our data highlight Ras SNO as an early event leading to NSC proliferation, and they may provide a target for NO-induced stimulation of neurogenesis with implications for brain repair. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 15-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Izquierdo-Álvarez
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Santos
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Morte
- 3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Ribeiro
- 5 VIB Center for the Biology of Disease , Leuven, Belgium .,6 KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Marreiros
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuria Sánchez-López
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Marina
- 7 Servicio de Proteómica, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 4 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal .,3 Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal .,9 Algarve Biomedical Centre , Faro, Portugal
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The Role of Nitric Oxide from Neurological Disease to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:71-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Morris G, Walder K, Carvalho AF, Tye SJ, Lucas K, Berk M, Maes M. The role of hypernitrosylation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:453-469. [PMID: 28789902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a wealth of data indicating that de novo protein S-nitrosylation in general and protein transnitrosylation in particular mediates the bulk of nitric oxide signalling. These processes enable redox sensing and facilitate homeostatic regulation of redox dependent protein signalling, function, stability and trafficking. Increased S-nitrosylation in an environment of increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) is initially a protective mechanism aimed at maintaining protein structure and function. When O&NS becomes severe, mechanisms governing denitrosylation and transnitrosylation break down leading to the pathological state referred to as hypernitrosylation (HN). Such a state has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and we investigate its potential role in the development and maintenance of neuroprogressive disorders. In this paper, we propose a model whereby the hypernitrosylation of a range of functional proteins and enzymes lead to changes in activity which conspire to produce at least some of the core abnormalities contributing to the development and maintenance of pathology in these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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32
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S-nitrosylation of the IGF-1 receptor disrupts the cell proliferative action of IGF-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:870-875. [PMID: 28709872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a disulfide-linked heterotetramer containing two α-subunits and two β-subunits. Earlier studies demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) can adversely affect IGF-1 action in the central nervous system. It is known that NO can induce S-nitrosylation of the cysteine residues in proteins, thereby partly contributing to the regulation of protein function. In the present study, we sought to determine whether S-nitrosylation of the cysteine residues in IGF-1R is an important post-translational modification that regulates its response to IGF-1. Using cultured SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as an in vitro model, we found that treatment of cells with S-nitroso-cysteine (SNOC), a NO donor that can nitrosylate the cysteine residues in proteins, induces S-nitrosylation of the β subunit of IGF-1R but not its α-subunit. IGF-1Rβ S-nitrosylation by SNOC is coupled with increased dissociation of the IGF-1R protein complex. In addition, disruption of the IGF-1R function resulting from S-nitrosylation of the IGF-1Rβ subunit is associated with disruption of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Further, we observed that SNOC-induced IGF-1Rβ S-nitrosylation results in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and survival. Together, these results suggest that elevated nitrosative stress may result in dysfunction of cellular IGF-1R signaling through S-nitrosylation of the cysteine residues in the IGF-1Rβ subunit, thereby disrupting the downstream PI3K and MAPK signaling functions and ultimately resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and survival.
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Abreu-Villaça Y, Levin ED. Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:55-77. [PMID: 27908457 PMCID: PMC5285268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most prominent off-target toxic risks of insecticides. Over the past seven decades several classes of insecticides have been developed, each with their own mechanisms of effect and toxic side effects. This review covers the developmental neurotoxicity of the succeeding generations of insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids. The goal of new insecticide development is to more effectively kill target species with fewer toxic side effects on non-target species. From the experience with the developmental neurotoxicity caused by the generations of insecticides developed in the past advice is offered how to proceed with future insecticide development to decrease neurotoxic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiologicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Lu H, Li G, Zhou C, Jin W, Qian X, Wang Z, Pan H, Jin H, Wang X. Regulation and role of post-translational modifications of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in cancer development. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2737-2754. [PMID: 28042497 PMCID: PMC5199751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical molecular events which alter protein conformation after their synthesis and diversity protein properties by modulating their stability, localization, interacting partners or the activity of their substrates, consequently exerting pivotal roles in regulating the functions of many important eukaryotic proteins. It has been well acknowledged that PTMs are of great importance in a broad range of biological processes such as gene regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, tissue development, diseases, tumor progression and drug resistance. As the core and contributing catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2), Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a master epigenetic regulator, often serving as a highly conserved histone methyltransferase (HMTase) to induce histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and repress gene transcription and expression. Dysregulated EZH2 expression is frequently associated with cancer development and poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancers. Considered its essential role in carcinogenesis, EZH2 is a potential candidate for cancer targeted therapy. Remarkably, mounting evidence highlights that EZH2 expression, activity and stability can be regulated by PTMs including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and GlcNAcylation aside from its well-validated modifications in transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying EZH2 PTMs and whether other types of PTMs orchestrate in EZH2 remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize current advances in the understanding of EZH2 regulation by PTMs and their associated biological functions during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyi Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Qian
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gu L, Robinson RAS. Proteomic approaches to quantify cysteine reversible modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1159-1177. [PMID: 27666938 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is a highly reactive amino acid and is subject to a variety of reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs), including nitrosylation, glutathionylation, palmitoylation, as well as formation of sulfenic acid and disulfides. These modifications are not only involved in normal biological activities, such as enzymatic catalysis, redox signaling, and cellular homeostasis, but can also be the result of oxidative damage. Especially in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress leads to aberrant cysteine oxidations that affect protein structure and function leading to neurodegeneration as well as other detrimental effects. Methods that can identify cysteine modifications by type, including the site of modification, as well as the relative stoichiometry of the modification can be very helpful for understanding the role of the thiol proteome and redox homeostasis in the context of disease. Cysteine reversible modifications however, are challenging to investigate as they are low abundant, diverse, and labile especially under endogenous conditions. Thanks to the development of redox proteomic approaches, large-scale quantification of cysteine reversible modifications is possible. These approaches cover a range of strategies to enrich, identify, and quantify cysteine reversible modifications from biological samples. This review will focus on nongel-based redox proteomics workflows that give quantitative information about cysteine PTMs and highlight how these strategies have been useful for investigating the redox thiol proteome in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mateo Sánchez S, Freeman SD, Delacroix L, Malgrange B. The role of post-translational modifications in hearing and deafness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3521-33. [PMID: 27147466 PMCID: PMC11108544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key molecular events that modify proteins after their synthesis and modulate their ultimate functional properties by affecting their stability, localisation, interaction potential or activity. These chemical changes expand the size of the proteome adding diversity to the molecular pathways governing the biological outcome of cells. PTMs are, thus, crucial in regulating a variety of cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation and have been shown to be instrumental during embryonic development. In addition, alterations in protein PTMs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including deafness. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made in understanding the roles of PTMs during cochlear development, with particular emphasis on the enzymes driving protein phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. We also discuss how these enzymes may contribute to hearing impairment and deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mateo Sánchez
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen D Freeman
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Burke C, Trinh K, Nadar V, Sanyal S. AxGxE: Using Flies to Interrogate the Complex Etiology of Neurodegenerative Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 121:225-251. [PMID: 28057301 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progressive and late-onset neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease affect up to 50 million people globally-a number postulated to double every 20 years in a continually aging population. While predisposing allelic variants in several genes clearly confer risk, individual age and specific environmental influences are equally important discriminators of disease onset age and progression. However, none of these factors can independently predict disease with significant precision. Therefore, we must actively develop models that accommodate contributions from all factors, potentially resulting in an A × G × E (age-gene-environment) metric that reflects individual cumulative risk and reliably forecasts disease outcomes. This effort can only be enabled by a deep quantitative understanding of the contribution of these factors to neurodegenerative disease, both individually and in combination. This is also an important consideration because neuronal loss typically precedes clinical presentation and disease-modifying therapies are contingent on early diagnosis that is likely to be informed by an accurate estimation of individual risk. Although epidemiological studies continue to make strong advances in these areas with the advent of powerful "omics"-based approaches, systematic phenotypic modeling of AxGxE interactions is currently more feasible in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster where all three parameters can be manipulated with manageable experimental burden. Here, we outline the advantages of using fruit flies for investigating these complex interactions and highlight potential approaches that might help synthesize existing information from diverse fields into a cogent description of age-dependent, environmental, and genetic risk factors in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Burke
- Neurology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA United States
| | - K Trinh
- Neurology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA United States
| | - V Nadar
- Neurology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA United States
| | - S Sanyal
- Neurology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA United States.
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Calvo DJ, Beltrán González AN. Dynamic Regulation of the GABAA Receptor Function by Redox Mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:326-33. [PMID: 27439531 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidizing and reducing agents, which are currently involved in cell metabolism and signaling pathways, can regulate fast inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA receptors in the nervous system. A number of in vitro studies have shown that diverse redox compounds, including redox metabolites and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, modulate phasic and tonic responses mediated by neuronal GABAA receptors through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. We review experimental data showing that many redox agents, which are normally present in neurons and glia or are endogenously generated in these cells under physiologic states or during oxidative stress (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, ascorbic acid, and glutathione), induce potentiating or inhibiting actions on different native and recombinant GABAA receptor subtypes. Based on these results, it is thought that redox signaling might represent a homeostatic mechanism that regulates the function of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular ¨Dr. Héctor N. Torres¨ (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (D.J.C., A.N.B.G.)
| | - Andrea N Beltrán González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular ¨Dr. Héctor N. Torres¨ (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (D.J.C., A.N.B.G.)
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Morris G, Berk M, Klein H, Walder K, Galecki P, Maes M. Nitrosative Stress, Hypernitrosylation, and Autoimmune Responses to Nitrosylated Proteins: New Pathways in Neuroprogressive Disorders Including Depression and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4271-4291. [PMID: 27339878 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays an indispensable role in modulating cellular signaling and redox pathways. This role is mainly effected by the readily reversible nitrosylation of selective protein cysteine thiols. The reversibility and sophistication of this signaling system is enabled and regulated by a number of enzymes which form part of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine antioxidant systems. Increases in nitric oxide levels initially lead to a defensive increase in the number of nitrosylated proteins in an effort to preserve their function. However, in an environment of chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), nitrosylation of crucial cysteine groups within key enzymes of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine systems leads to their inactivation thereby disabling denitrosylation and transnitrosylation and subsequently a state described as "hypernitrosylation." This state leads to the development of pathology in multiple domains such as the inhibition of enzymes of the electron transport chain, decreased mitochondrial function, and altered conformation of proteins and amino acids leading to loss of immune tolerance and development of autoimmunity. Hypernitrosylation also leads to altered function or inactivation of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, proteomic degradation, transcription factor activity, immune-inflammatory pathways, energy production, and neural function and survival. Hypernitrosylation, as a consequence of chronically elevated O&NS and activated immune-inflammatory pathways, can explain many characteristic abnormalities observed in neuroprogressive disease including major depression and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. In those disorders, increased bacterial translocation may drive hypernitrosylation and autoimmune responses against nitrosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Royal Parade 30, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Hans Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Kim HJ, Kang CH, Jayasooriya RGPT, Dilshara MG, Lee S, Choi YH, Seo YT, Kim GY. Hydrangenol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing the NF-κB pathway and activating the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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