1
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García-Padilla C, Lozano-Velasco E, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, García-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. miR-1 as a Key Epigenetic Regulator in Early Differentiation of Cardiac Sinoatrial Region. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6608. [PMID: 38928314 PMCID: PMC11204236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A large diversity of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs and histones modifications, are known to be capable of regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence itself. In particular, miR-1 is considered the first essential microRNA in cardiac development. In this study, miR-1 potential role in early cardiac chamber differentiation was analyzed through specific signaling pathways. For this, we performed in chick embryos functional experiments by means of miR-1 microinjections into the posterior cardiac precursors-of both primitive endocardial tubes-committed to sinoatrial region fates. Subsequently, embryos were subjected to whole mount in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis. As a relevant novelty, our results revealed that miR-1 increased Amhc1, Tbx5 and Gata4, while this microRNA diminished Mef2c and Cripto expressions during early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region. Furthermore, we observed in this developmental context that miR-1 upregulated CrabpII and Rarß and downregulated CrabpI, which are three crucial factors in the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Interestingly, we also noticed that miR-1 directly interacted with Hdac4 and Calm1/Calmodulin, as well as with Erk2/Mapk1, which are three key factors actively involved in Mef2c regulation. Our study shows, for the first time, a key role of miR-1 as an epigenetic regulator in the early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region through orchestrating opposite actions between retinoic acid and Mef2c, fundamental to properly assign cardiac cells to their respective heart chambers. A better understanding of those molecular mechanisms modulated by miR-1 will definitely help in fields applied to therapy and cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
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2
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Kasamoto M, Funakoshi S, Hatani T, Okubo C, Nishi Y, Tsujisaka Y, Nishikawa M, Narita M, Ohta A, Kimura T, Yoshida Y. Am80, a retinoic acid receptor agonist, activates the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and enhances engraftment in the heart. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1672-1685. [PMID: 37451261 PMCID: PMC10444569 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC) cardiomyocytes are a promising source for regenerative therapy. To realize this therapy, however, their engraftment potential after their injection into the host heart should be improved. Here, we established an efficient method to analyze the cell cycle activity of hiPSC cardiomyocytes using a fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system. In vitro high-throughput screening using FUCCI identified a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, Am80, as an effective cell cycle activator in hiPSC cardiomyocytes. The transplantation of hiPSC cardiomyocytes treated with Am80 before the injection significantly enhanced the engraftment in damaged mouse heart for 6 months. Finally, we revealed that the activation of endogenous Wnt pathways through both RARA and RARB underlies the Am80-mediated cell cycle activation. Collectively, this study highlights an efficient method to activate cell cycle in hiPSC cardiomyocytes by Am80 as a means to increase the graft size after cell transplantation into a damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kasamoto
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hatani
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsujisaka
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Centre for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Takeda-CiRA Joint program (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Japan.
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3
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Kelly RG. The heart field transcriptional landscape at single-cell resolution. Dev Cell 2023; 58:257-266. [PMID: 36809764 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires the orchestrated development of multiple cell lineages that converge, interact, and specialize to generate coherent functional structures, exemplified by transformation of the cardiac crescent into a four-chambered heart. Cardiomyocytes originate from the first and second heart fields, which make different regional contributions to the definitive heart. In this review, a series of recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses, together with genetic tracing experiments, are discussed, providing a detailed panorama of the cardiac progenitor cell landscape. These studies reveal that first heart field cells originate in a juxtacardiac field adjacent to extraembryonic mesoderm and contribute to the ventrolateral side of the cardiac primordium. In contrast, second heart field cells are deployed dorsomedially from a multilineage-primed progenitor population via arterial and venous pole pathways. Refining our knowledge of the origin and developmental trajectories of cells that build the heart is essential to address outstanding challenges in cardiac biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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4
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Cardeña-Núñez S, Callejas-Marín A, Villa-Carballar S, Rodríguez-Gallardo L, Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. CRABP-I Expression Patterns in the Developing Chick Inner Ear. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010104. [PMID: 36671796 PMCID: PMC9855850 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions, regarded as an excellent system for analyzing events that occur during development, such as patterning, morphogenesis, and cell specification. Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in all these development processes. Cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRABPs) bind RA with high affinity, buffering cellular free RA concentrations and consequently regulating the activation of precise specification programs mediated by particular regulatory genes. In the otic vesicle, strong CRABP-I expression was detected in the otic wall's dorsomedial aspect, where the endolymphatic apparatus develops, whereas this expression was lower in the ventrolateral aspect, where part of the auditory system forms. Thus, CRABP-I proteins may play a role in the specification of the dorsal-to-ventral and lateral-to-medial axe of the otic anlagen. Regarding the developing sensory patches, a process partly involving the subdivision of a ventromedial pro-sensory domain, the CRABP-I gene displayed different levels of expression in the presumptive territory of each sensory patch, which was maintained throughout development. CRABP-I was also relevant in the acoustic-vestibular ganglion and in the periotic mesenchyme. Therefore, CRABP-I could protect RA-sensitive cells in accordance with its dissimilar concentration in specific areas of the developing chick inner ear.
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5
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Zalesak-Kravec S, Huang W, Jones JW, Yu J, Alloush J, Defnet AE, Moise AR, Kane MA. Role of cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 and retinoid homeostasis in the adult mouse heart: A multi-omic approach. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22242. [PMID: 35253263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100901rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main active metabolite of Vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), is required for proper cellular function and tissue organization. Heart development has a well-defined requirement for RA, but there is limited research on the role of RA in the adult heart. Homeostasis of RA includes regulation of membrane receptors, chaperones, enzymes, and nuclear receptors. Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation. In this work, a multi-omics approach was used to characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss using the Rbp1-/- mouse. Retinoid homeostasis was disrupted in Rbp1-/- mouse heart tissue, as seen by a 33% and 24% decrease in RA levels in the left and right ventricles, respectively, compared to wild-type mice (WT). To further inform on the effect of disrupted RA homeostasis, we conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics. A total of 222 metabolite and metabolite combinations were analyzed, with 33 having differential abundance between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Additionally, we performed global proteome profiling to further characterize the impact of CRBP1 loss in adult mouse hearts. More than 2606 unique proteins were identified, with 340 proteins having differential expression between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Pathway analysis performed on metabolomic and proteomic data revealed pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism were the most disrupted in Rbp1-/- mice. Together, these studies characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Alloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy E Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Rankin SA, Steimle JD, Yang XH, Rydeen AB, Agarwal K, Chaturvedi P, Ikegami K, Herriges MJ, Moskowitz IP, Zorn AM. Tbx5 drives Aldh1a2 expression to regulate a RA-Hedgehog-Wnt gene regulatory network coordinating cardiopulmonary development. eLife 2021; 10:69288. [PMID: 34643182 PMCID: PMC8555986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene regulatory networks that coordinate the development of the cardiac and pulmonary systems are essential for terrestrial life but poorly understood. The T-box transcription factor Tbx5 is critical for both pulmonary specification and heart development, but how these activities are mechanistically integrated remains unclear. Here using Xenopus and mouse embryos, we establish molecular links between Tbx5 and retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the mesoderm and between RA signaling and sonic hedgehog expression in the endoderm to unveil a conserved RA-Hedgehog-Wnt signaling cascade coordinating cardiopulmonary (CP) development. We demonstrate that Tbx5 directly maintains expression of aldh1a2, the RA-synthesizing enzyme, in the foregut lateral plate mesoderm via an evolutionarily conserved intronic enhancer. Tbx5 promotes posterior second heart field identity in a positive feedback loop with RA, antagonizing a Fgf8-Cyp regulatory module to restrict FGF activity to the anterior. We find that Tbx5/Aldh1a2-dependent RA signaling directly activates shh transcription in the adjacent foregut endoderm through a conserved MACS1 enhancer. Hedgehog signaling coordinates with Tbx5 in the mesoderm to activate expression of wnt2/2b, which induces pulmonary fate in the foregut endoderm. These results provide mechanistic insight into the interrelationship between heart and lung development informing CP evolution and birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ariel B Rydeen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kunal Agarwal
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, United States
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7
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Da Silva F, Jian Motamedi F, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Tison A, Bradford ST, Lefebvre J, Dolle P, Ghyselinck NB, Wagner KD, Schedl A. Retinoic acid signaling is directly activated in cardiomyocytes and protects mouse hearts from apoptosis after myocardial infarction. eLife 2021; 10:68280. [PMID: 34623260 PMCID: PMC8530512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreERT2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelie Tison
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dolle
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, UNISTRA CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Kay D Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
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8
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Zalesak-Kravec S, Huang W, Wang P, Yu J, Liu T, Defnet AE, Moise AR, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Multi-omic Analysis of Non-human Primate Heart after Partial-body Radiation with Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 121:352-371. [PMID: 34546217 PMCID: PMC8554778 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT High-dose radiation exposure results in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndromes followed by delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, which encompasses multiple organs, including heart, kidney, and lung. Here we sought to further characterize the natural history of radiation-induced heart injury via determination of differential protein and metabolite expression in the heart. We quantitatively profiled the proteome and metabolome of left and right ventricle from non-human primates following 12 Gy partial body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing over a time period of 3 wk. Global proteome profiling identified more than 2,200 unique proteins, with 220 and 286 in the left and right ventricles, respectively, showing significant responses across at least three time points compared to baseline levels. High-throughput targeted metabolomics analyzed a total of 229 metabolites and metabolite combinations, with 18 and 22 in the left and right ventricles, respectively, showing significant responses compared to baseline levels. Bioinformatic analysis performed on metabolomic and proteomic data revealed pathways related to inflammation, energy metabolism, and myocardial remodeling were dysregulated. Additionally, we observed dysregulation of the retinoid homeostasis pathway, including significant post-radiation decreases in retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A. Significant differences between left and right ventricles in the pathology of radiation-induced injury were identified. This multi-omic study characterizes the natural history and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced heart injury in NHP exposed to PBI with minimal bone marrow sparing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiliang Huang
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jianshi Yu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tian Liu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy E. Defnet
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada; Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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9
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Abstract
While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration-approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
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10
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Kim YJ, Tamadon A, Kim YY, Kang BC, Ku SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8599. [PMID: 34445302 PMCID: PMC8395249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intent to achieve the best modalities for myocardial cell therapy, different cell types are being evaluated as potent sources for differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential for future progress in the treatment of myocardial diseases. We reviewed aspects of epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in the differentiation of these cells into cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes proliferate during fetal life, and after birth, they undergo permanent terminal differentiation. Upregulation of cardiac-specific genes in adults induces hypertrophy due to terminal differentiation. The repression or expression of these genes is controlled by chromatin structural and epigenetic changes. However, few studies have reviewed and analyzed the epigenetic aspects of the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage cells. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through histone modification and microRNAs, the maintenance of pluripotency, and its alteration during cardiac lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Marine Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 14174, Iran;
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Paredes A, Santos-Clemente R, Ricote M. Untangling the Cooperative Role of Nuclear Receptors in Cardiovascular Physiology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157775. [PMID: 34360540 PMCID: PMC8346021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to acquire its physiological function during development, enabling it to supply the organism with oxygen and nutrients. Given this early commitment, cardiomyocytes were traditionally considered transcriptionally stable cells fully committed to contractile function. However, growing evidence suggests that the maintenance of cardiac function in health and disease depends on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Several studies have revealed that the complex transcriptional alterations underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertrophy is mediated by cardiac retinoid X receptors (RXR) and their partners. RXRs are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and drive essential biological processes such as ion handling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. RXRs are thus attractive molecular targets for the development of effective pharmacological strategies for CVD treatment and prevention. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of RXR partnership biology in cardiac homeostasis and disease, providing an up-to-date view of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways that sustain cardiomyocyte physiology.
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12
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Mantri M, Scuderi GJ, Abedini-Nassab R, Wang MFZ, McKellar D, Shi H, Grodner B, Butcher JT, De Vlaminck I. Spatiotemporal single-cell RNA sequencing of developing chicken hearts identifies interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1771. [PMID: 33741943 PMCID: PMC7979764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to study developmental biology but does not preserve spatial information about tissue morphology and cellular interactions. Here, we combine single-cell and spatial transcriptomics with algorithms for data integration to study the development of the chicken heart from the early to late four-chambered heart stage. We create a census of the diverse cellular lineages in developing hearts, their spatial organization, and their interactions during development. Spatial mapping of differentiation transitions in cardiac lineages defines transcriptional differences between epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the epicardial lineage. Using spatially resolved expression analysis, we identify anatomically restricted expression programs, including expression of genes implicated in congenital heart disease. Last, we discover a persistent enrichment of the small, secreted peptide, thymosin beta-4, throughout coronary vascular development. Overall, our study identifies an intricate interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gaetano J Scuderi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Engineering, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David McKellar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Grodner
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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13
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Shao M, Lu L, Wang Q, Ma L, Tian X, Li C, Li C, Guo D, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y. The multi-faceted role of retinoid X receptor in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111264. [PMID: 33761589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of ligand-dependent transcription factors whose effects on a diversity of cellular processes, including cellular proliferation, the immune response, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Knock out of RXRα causes a hypoplasia of the myocardium which is lethal during fetal life. In addition, the heart maintains a well-orchestrated balances in utilizing fatty acids (FAs) and other substrates to meet the high energy requirements. As the master transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism, RXRs become particularly important for the energy needs of the heart. Accumulating evidence suggested that RXRs may exert direct beneficial effects in the heart both through heterodimerization with other nuclear receptors (NRs) and homodimerization, thus standing as suitable targets for treating in cardiovascular diseases. Although compounds that target RXRs are promising drugs, their use is limited by toxicity. A better understanding of the structural biology of RXRs in cardiovascular disease should enable the rational design of more selective nuclear receptor modulators to overcome these problems. Here, this review summarizes a brief overview of RXRs structure and versatility of RXR action in the control of cardiovascular diseases. And we also discussed the therapeutic potential of RXR ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linghui Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changxiang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongqing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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14
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Song Y, Chen W, Huang Z, Tian G, Li M, Zhao Z, Feng Z, Wu F, Qian M, Ma X, Sheng W, Huang G. A Non-coding HES1 Variant Predisposes Children to Congenital Heart Disease in Chinese Population. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631942. [PMID: 33585489 PMCID: PMC7876461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a key component in the NOTCH signaling pathway, HES1 plays an important role in vertebrate heart development. Variants in the HES1 coding sequence are known to be associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about HES1 non-coding sequence variants and their association with the risk of developing CHD. Method and Results: We initially analyzed the non-coding sequence of the HES1 gene in 12 unrelated CHD families by direct sequencing and identified a previously unreported promoter region variant (NM_005524.4: c.-1279-1278 insAC, rs148941464) in the HES1 gene in four CHD families. The homozygous variant in patients was inherited from carrier parents with normal phenotypes, indicating a likely recessive genetic model. Given that the HES1 gene is predicted to be likely to exhibit haploinsufficiency (%HI: 11.44), we hypothesized that the HES1 homozygous variant is a genetic risk factor underlying CHD. We then carried out sequencing of this HES1 variant in 629 sporadic non-syndromic CHD cases and 696 healthy controls and performed association analysis. Interestingly, we observed a significant association of the homozygous HES1 promoter variant with CHD (18.92% of cases vs. 9.91% of controls; OR: 2.291, 95% CI: 1.637-3.207, p = 9.72 × 10-7). No significant association with CHD was observed for the HES1 promoter heterozygous variant (p > 0.05). However, association analysis tests of the HES1 homozygous variant with each subtype of CHD revealed that this homozygous variant was strongly associated with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (OR: 3.726, 95% CI: 1.745-7.956, p = 0.0003). Moreover, the prevalence of HES1 homozygous variants in CHD patients with TGA (27.66%) was significantly higher than that in patients with other CHD subtypes or controls. Similar results were observed in a replication group of TGA (n = 64). Functional studies demonstrated that the homozygous variant in the HES1 promoter can disrupt its ability to bind RXRA, an inhibitory transcription factor, which results in abnormally high expression of the HES1 gene, indicating that this variant harbors gain-of-function effects. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that the non-coding homozygous variant in the HES1 promoter has a gain-of-function effect and is associated with an increased risk of CHD development, especially the severe TGA subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Song
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixiang Tian
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengru Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshan Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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15
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Corbett RJ, Te Pas MFW, van den Brand H, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA, Ernst CW, Madsen O. Genome-Wide Assessment of DNA Methylation in Chicken Cardiac Tissue Exposed to Different Incubation Temperatures and CO 2 Levels. Front Genet 2020; 11:558189. [PMID: 33193638 PMCID: PMC7655987 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.558189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature and CO2 concentration during incubation have profound effects on broiler chick development, and numerous studies have identified significant effects on hatch heart weight (HW) as a result of differences in these parameters. Early life environment has also been shown to affect broiler performance later in life; it has thus been suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate long-term physiological changes induced by environmental stimuli. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that can confer heritable changes in gene expression. Using reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), we assessed DNA methylation patterns in cardiac tissue of 84 broiler hatchlings incubated at two egg shell temperatures (EST; 37.8°C and 38.9°C) and three CO2 concentrations (0.1%, 0.4%, and 0.8%) from day 8 of incubation onward. We assessed differential methylation between EST treatments and identified 2,175 differentially methylated (DM) CpGs (1,121 hypermethylated, 1,054 hypomethylated at 38.9° vs. 37.8°) in 269 gene promoters and 949 intragenic regions. DM genes (DMGs) were associated with heart developmental processes, including cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation. We identified enriched binding motifs among DM loci, including those for transcription factors associated with cell proliferation and heart development among hypomethylated CpGs that suggest increased binding ability at higher EST. We identified 9,823 DM CpGs between at least two CO2 treatments, with the greatest difference observed between 0.8 and 0.1% CO2 that disproportionately impacted genes involved in cardiac muscle development and response to low oxygen levels. Using HW measurements from the same chicks, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for HW, and identified 23 significantly associated CpGs, nine of which were also DM between ESTs. We found corresponding differences in transcript abundance between ESTs in three DMGs (ABLIM2, PITX2, and THRSP). Hypomethylation of an exonic CpG in PITX2 at 38.9°C was associated with increased expression, and suggests increased cell proliferation in broiler hatchlings incubated at higher temperatures. Overall, these results identified numerous epigenetic associations between chick incubation factors and heart development that may manifest in long-term differences in animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Corbett
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Marinus F W Te Pas
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Catherine W Ernst
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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Etienne J, Joanne P, Catelain C, Riveron S, Bayer AC, Lafable J, Punzon I, Blot S, Agbulut O, Vilquin JT. Aldehyde dehydrogenases contribute to skeletal muscle homeostasis in healthy, aging, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1047-1069. [PMID: 32157826 PMCID: PMC7432589 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are key players in cell survival, protection, and differentiation via the metabolism and detoxification of aldehydes. ALDH activity is also a marker of stem cells. The skeletal muscle contains populations of ALDH-positive cells amenable to use in cell therapy, whose distribution, persistence in aging, and modifications in myopathic context have not been investigated yet. METHODS The Aldefluor® (ALDEF) reagent was used to assess the ALDH activity of muscle cell populations, whose phenotypic characterizations were deepened by flow cytometry. The nature of ALDH isoenzymes expressed by the muscle cell populations was identified in complementary ways by flow cytometry, immunohistology, and real-time PCR ex vivo and in vitro. These populations were compared in healthy, aging, or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, healthy non-human primates, and Golden Retriever dogs (healthy vs. muscular dystrophic model, Golden retriever muscular dystrophy [GRMD]). RESULTS ALDEF+ cells persisted through muscle aging in humans and were equally represented in several anatomical localizations in healthy non-human primates. ALDEF+ cells were increased in dystrophic individuals in humans (nine patients with DMD vs. five controls: 14.9 ± 1.63% vs. 3.6 ± 0.39%, P = 0.0002) and dogs (three GRMD dogs vs. three controls: 10.9 ± 2.54% vs. 3.7 ± 0.45%, P = 0.049). In DMD patients, such increase was due to the adipogenic ALDEF+ /CD34+ populations (11.74 ± 1.5 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4, P = 0.0003), while in GRMD dogs, it was due to the myogenic ALDEF+ /CD34- cells (3.6 ± 0.6% vs. 1.03 ± 0.23%, P = 0.0165). Phenotypic characterization associated the ALDEF+ /CD34- cells with CD9, CD36, CD49a, CD49c, CD49f, CD106, CD146, and CD184, some being associated with myogenic capacities. Cytological and histological analyses distinguished several ALDH isoenzymes (ALDH1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B1, 1L1, 2, 3A1, 3A2, 3B1, 3B2, 4A1, 7A1, 8A1, and 9A1) expressed by different cell populations in the skeletal muscle tissue belonging to multinucleated fibres, or myogenic, endothelial, interstitial, and neural lineages, designing them as potential new markers of cell type or of metabolic activity. Important modifications were noted in isoenzyme expression between healthy and DMD muscle tissues. The level of gene expression of some isoenzymes (ALDH1A1, 1A3, 1B1, 2, 3A2, 7A1, 8A1, and 9A1) suggested their specific involvement in muscle stability or regeneration in situ or in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils the importance of the ALDH family of isoenzymes in the skeletal muscle physiology and homeostasis, suggesting their roles in tissue remodelling in the context of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Etienne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, IBPS, UMR 8256 Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Catelain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Riveron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Clarissa Bayer
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Lafable
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Punzon
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, IMRB, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ENVA, U955-E10, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, IMRB, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ENVA, U955-E10, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, IBPS, UMR 8256 Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Vilquin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AIM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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17
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Keller BB, Kowalski WJ, Tinney JP, Tobita K, Hu N. Validating the Paradigm That Biomechanical Forces Regulate Embryonic Cardiovascular Morphogenesis and Are Fundamental in the Etiology of Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:E23. [PMID: 32545681 PMCID: PMC7344498 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of the biomechanical maturation and regulation of vertebrate cardiovascular (CV) morphogenesis and the evidence for mechanistic relationships between function and form relevant to the origins of congenital heart disease (CHD). The embryonic heart has been investigated for over a century, initially focusing on the chick embryo due to the opportunity to isolate and investigate myocardial electromechanical maturation, the ability to directly instrument and measure normal cardiac function, intervene to alter ventricular loading conditions, and then investigate changes in functional and structural maturation to deduce mechanism. The paradigm of "Develop and validate quantitative techniques, describe normal, perturb the system, describe abnormal, then deduce mechanisms" was taught to many young investigators by Dr. Edward B. Clark and then validated by a rapidly expanding number of teams dedicated to investigate CV morphogenesis, structure-function relationships, and pathogenic mechanisms of CHD. Pioneering studies using the chick embryo model rapidly expanded into a broad range of model systems, particularly the mouse and zebrafish, to investigate the interdependent genetic and biomechanical regulation of CV morphogenesis. Several central morphogenic themes have emerged. First, CV morphogenesis is inherently dependent upon the biomechanical forces that influence cell and tissue growth and remodeling. Second, embryonic CV systems dynamically adapt to changes in biomechanical loading conditions similar to mature systems. Third, biomechanical loading conditions dynamically impact and are regulated by genetic morphogenic systems. Fourth, advanced imaging techniques coupled with computational modeling provide novel insights to validate regulatory mechanisms. Finally, insights regarding the genetic and biomechanical regulation of CV morphogenesis and adaptation are relevant to current regenerative strategies for patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B. Keller
- Cincinnati Children’s Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - William J. Kowalski
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Joseph P. Tinney
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Medical Affairs, Abiomed Japan K.K., Muromachi Higashi Mitsui Bldg, Tokyo 103-0022, Japan;
| | - Norman Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
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18
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Wasserman AH, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Wasserman
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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19
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Sirbu IO, Chiş AR, Moise AR. Role of carotenoids and retinoids during heart development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158636. [PMID: 31978553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional requirements of the developing embryo are complex. In the case of dietary vitamin A (retinol, retinyl esters and provitamin A carotenoids), maternal derived nutrients serve as precursors to signaling molecules such as retinoic acid, which is required for embryonic patterning and organogenesis. Despite variations in the composition and levels of maternal vitamin A, embryonic tissues need to generate a precise amount of retinoic acid to avoid congenital malformations. Here, we summarize recent findings regarding the role and metabolism of vitamin A during heart development and we survey the association of genes known to affect retinoid metabolism or signaling with various inherited disorders. A better understanding of the roles of vitamin A in the heart and of the factors that affect retinoid metabolism and signaling can help design strategies to meet nutritional needs and to prevent birth defects and disorders associated with altered retinoid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; Timisoara Institute of Complex Systems, V. Lucaciu 18, 300044 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Aimée Rodica Chiş
- Biochemistry Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexander Radu Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
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20
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Gao Y, Zhang R, Wei G, Dai S, Zhang X, Yang W, Li X, Bai C. Long Non-coding RNA Maternally Expressed 3 Increases the Expression of Neuron-Specific Genes by Targeting miR-128-3p in All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Neurogenic Differentiation From Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:342. [PMID: 31921854 PMCID: PMC6936004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-128-3p is a brain-enriched miRNA that participates in the regulation of neural cell differentiation and the protection of neurons, but the mechanisms by which miR-128-3p regulates its target and downstream genes to influence cell fate from adult stem cells are poorly understood. In this study, we show down-regulation of miR-128-3p during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced neurogenic differentiation from amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). We investigated miR-128-3p in both the Notch pathway and in the expression of neuron-specific genes predicted to be involved in miR-128-3p signaling to elucidate its role in the genetic regulation of downstream neurogenic differentiation. Our results demonstrate that miR-128-3p is a negative regulator for the transcription of the neuron-specific genes β III-tubulin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) via targeting Jagged 1 to inhibit activation of the Notch signaling pathway. We also used bioinformatics algorithms to screen for miR-128-3p interactions with long non-coding (lnc) RNA and circular RNA as competing endogenous RNAs to further elucidate underlying down-regulated molecular mechanisms. The lncRNA maternally expressed 3 is up-regulated by the ATRA/cAMP/CREB pathway, and it, in turn, is directly down-regulated by miR-128-3p to increase the amount of neuron differentiation. Endogenous miRNAs are, therefore, involved in neurogenic differentiation from AECs and should be considered during the development of effective cell transplant therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranxi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghe Wei
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiangchen Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Chunyu Bai
- Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang S, Yu J, Kane MA, Moise AR. Modulation of retinoid signaling: therapeutic opportunities in organ fibrosis and repair. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107415. [PMID: 31629008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, is an important signaling molecule during embryonic development serving critical roles in morphogenesis, organ patterning and skeletal and neural development. Retinoic acid is also important in postnatal life in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, while retinoid-based therapies have long been used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and skin disorders. As the number of people living with chronic disorders continues to increase, there is great interest in extending the use of retinoid therapies in promoting the maintenance and repair of adult tissues. However, there are still many conflicting results as we struggle to understand the role of retinoic acid in the multitude of processes that contribute to tissue injury and repair. This review will assess our current knowledge of the role retinoic acid signaling in the development of fibroblasts, and their transformation to myofibroblasts, and of the potential use of retinoid therapies in the treatment of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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22
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Li J, Yue G, Ma W, Zhang A, Zou J, Cai Y, Tang X, Wang J, Liu J, Li H, Su H. Ufm1-Specific Ligase Ufl1 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Protects Against Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004917. [PMID: 30354401 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in protein homeostasis are sufficient to provoke cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Although posttranslational modifications by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are emerging as an important regulatory mechanism of protein function, the role of Ufm1 (ubiquitin-fold modifier 1)-a novel ubiquitin-like protein-has not been explored in either the normal or stressed heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blotting revealed that Ufl1 (Ufm1-specific E3 ligase 1)-an enzyme essential for Ufm1 modification-was increased in hypertrophic mouse hearts but reduced in the failing hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. To determine the functional role of Ufl1 in the heart, we generated a cardiac-specific knockout mouse and showed that Ufl1-deficient mice developed age-dependent cardiomyopathy and heart failure, as indicated by elevated cardiac fetal gene expression, increased fibrosis, and impaired cardiac contractility. When challenged with pressure overload, Ufl1-deficient hearts exhibited remarkably greater hypertrophy, exacerbated fibrosis, and worsened cardiac contractility compared with control counterparts. Transcriptome analysis identified that genes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function were dysregulated in Ufl1-deficient hearts. Biochemical analysis revealed that excessive ER stress preceded and deteriorated along with the development of cardiomyopathy in Ufl1-deficient hearts. Mechanistically, Ufl1 depletion impaired (PKR-like ER-resident kinase) signaling and aggravated cardiomyocyte cell death after ER stress. Administration of the chemical ER chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid to Ufl1-deficient mice alleviated ER stress and attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our results advance a novel concept that the Ufm1 system is essential for cardiac homeostasis through regulation of ER function and that upregulation of myocardial Ufl1 could be protective against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Guihua Yue
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University.,Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, China (G.Y.)
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University.,Affiliated Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning (A.Z.)
| | - Jianqiu Zou
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China (X.T.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Research Laboratories, Center for Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (J.W.)
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (J.L., H.S.)
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., G.Y., W.M., A.Z., J.Z., H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.S.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University.,Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (J.L., H.S.)
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23
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Cardeña-Núñez S, Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Cyp1B1 expression patterns in the developing chick inner ear. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:410-424. [PMID: 31400045 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in organogenesis as a paracrine signal through transcriptional regulation of an increasing number of known downstream target genes, regulating cell proliferation, and differentiation. During the development of the inner ear, RA directly governs the morphogenesis and specification processes mainly by means of RA-synthesizing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes. Interestingly, CYP1B1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, is able to mediate the oxidative metabolisms also leading to RA generation, its expression patterns being associated with many known sites of RA activity. RESULTS This study describes for the first time the presence of CYP1B1 in the developing chick inner ear as a RALDH-independent RA-signaling mechanism. In our in situ hybridization analysis, Cyp1B1 expression was first observed in a domain located in the ventromedial wall of the otic anlagen, being included within the rostralmost aspect of an Fgf10-positive pan-sensory domain. As development proceeds, all identified Fgf10-positive areas were Cyp1B1 stained, with all sensory patches being Cyp1B1 positive at stage HH34, except the macula neglecta. CONCLUSIONS Cyp1B1 expression suggested a possible contribution of CYP1B1 action in the specification of the lateral-to-medial and dorsal-to-ventral axes of the developing chick inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardeña-Núñez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Ó Sánchez-Guardado
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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24
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Wang S, Moise AR. Recent insights on the role and regulation of retinoic acid signaling during epicardial development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23303. [PMID: 31066193 PMCID: PMC6682438 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors (RAR)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs) heterodimers to induce the expression of genes that control cell fate specification, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in retinoic acid levels are often associated with congenital heart defects. Therefore, embryonic levels of retinoic acid need to be carefully regulated through the activity of enzymes, binding proteins and transporters involved in vitamin A metabolism. Here, we review evidence of the complex mechanisms that control the fetal uptake and synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A precursors. Next, we highlight recent evidence of the role of retinoic acid in orchestrating myocardial compact zone growth and coronary vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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25
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Development and evolution of the metazoan heart. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:634-656. [PMID: 31063648 PMCID: PMC6767493 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of the evolution and development of the heart in metazoans are highlighted, starting with the evolutionary origin of the contractile cell, supposedly the precursor of cardiomyocytes. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is likely a combination of several cellular organisms containing their specific metabolic pathways and genetic signaling networks. During evolution, these tool kits diversified. Shared parts of these conserved tool kits act in the development and functioning of pumping hearts and open or closed circulations in such diverse species as arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. The genetic tool kits became more complex by gene duplications, addition of epigenetic modifications, influence of environmental factors, incorporation of viral genomes, cardiac changes necessitated by air‐breathing, and many others. We evaluate mechanisms involved in mollusks in the formation of three separate hearts and in arthropods in the formation of a tubular heart. A tubular heart is also present in embryonic stages of chordates, providing the septated four‐chambered heart, in birds and mammals passing through stages with first and second heart fields. The four‐chambered heart permits the formation of high‐pressure systemic and low‐pressure pulmonary circulation in birds and mammals, allowing for high metabolic rates and maintenance of body temperature. Crocodiles also have a (nearly) separated circulation, but their resting temperature conforms with the environment. We argue that endothermic ancestors lost the capacity to elevate their body temperature during evolution, resulting in ectothermic modern crocodilians. Finally, a clinically relevant paragraph reviews the occurrence of congenital cardiac malformations in humans as derailments of signaling pathways during embryonic development. The cardiac regulatory toolkit contains many factors including epigenetic, genetic, viral, hemodynamic, and environmental factors, but also transcriptional activators, repressors, duplicated genes, redundancies and dose‐dependancies. Numerous toolkits regulate mechanisms including cell‐cell interactions, EMT, mitosis patterns, cell migration and differentiation and left/right sidedness involved in the development of endocardial cushions, looping, septum complexes, pharyngeal arch arteries, chamber and valve formation and conduction system. Evolutionary development of the yolk sac circulation likely preceded the advent of endothermy in amniotes. Parallel evolutionary traits regulate the development of contractile pumps in various taxa often in conjunction with the gut, lungs and excretory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Lauschke VM, Zhou Y, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Novel genetic and epigenetic factors of importance for inter-individual differences in drug disposition, response and toxicity. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 197:122-152. [PMID: 30677473 PMCID: PMC6527860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals differ substantially in their response to pharmacological treatment. Personalized medicine aspires to embrace these inter-individual differences and customize therapy by taking a wealth of patient-specific data into account. Pharmacogenomic constitutes a cornerstone of personalized medicine that provides therapeutic guidance based on the genomic profile of a given patient. Pharmacogenomics already has applications in the clinics, particularly in oncology, whereas future development in this area is needed in order to establish pharmacogenomic biomarkers as useful clinical tools. In this review we present an updated overview of current and emerging pharmacogenomic biomarkers in different therapeutic areas and critically discuss their potential to transform clinical care. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities of technological, methodological and institutional advances to improve biomarker discovery. We also summarize recent progress in our understanding of epigenetic effects on drug disposition and response, including a discussion of the only few pharmacogenomic biomarkers implemented into routine care. We anticipate, in part due to exciting rapid developments in Next Generation Sequencing technologies, machine learning methods and national biobanks, that the field will make great advances in the upcoming years towards unlocking the full potential of genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Biomedicum 5B, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Biomedicum 5B, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Biomedicum 5B, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23300. [PMID: 31021052 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart develops from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Cardiogenesis involves successive steps, including formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac looping, septation, chamber development, coronary vascularization, and completion of the four-chambered heart. RA is dispensable for primitive heart tube formation. Before looping, RA is required to define the anterior/posterior boundaries of the heart-forming mesoderm as well as to form the atrium and sinus venosus. In outflow tract elongation and septation, RA signaling is required to maintain/differentiate cardiogenic progenitors in the second heart field at the posterior pharyngeal arches level. Epicardium-secreted insulin-like growth factor, the expression of which is regulated by hepatic mesoderm-derived erythropoietin under the control of RA, promotes myocardial proliferation of the ventricular wall. Epicardium-derived RA induces the expression of angiogenic factors in the myocardium to form the coronary vasculature. In cardiogenic events at different stages, properly controlled RA signaling is required to establish the functional heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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De Bono C, Thellier C, Bertrand N, Sturny R, Jullian E, Cortes C, Stefanovic S, Zaffran S, Théveniau-Ruissy M, Kelly RG. T-box genes and retinoic acid signaling regulate the segregation of arterial and venous pole progenitor cells in the murine second heart field. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3747-3760. [PMID: 30016433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The arterial and venous poles of the mammalian heart are hotspots of congenital heart defects (CHD) such as those observed in 22q11.2 deletion (or DiGeorge) and Holt-Oram syndromes. These regions of the heart are derived from late differentiating cardiac progenitor cells of the Second Heart Field (SHF) located in pharyngeal mesoderm contiguous with the elongating heart tube. The T-box transcription factor Tbx1, encoded by the major 22q11.2 deletion syndrome gene, regulates SHF addition to both cardiac poles from a common progenitor population. Despite the significance of this cellular addition the mechanisms regulating the deployment of common progenitor cells to alternate cardiac poles remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Tbx5, mutated in Holt-Oram syndrome and essential for venous pole development, is activated in Tbx1 expressing cells in the posterior region of the SHF at early stages of heart tube elongation. A subset of the SHF transcriptional program, including Tbx1 expression, is subsequently downregulated in Tbx5 expressing cells, generating a transcriptional boundary between Tbx1-positive arterial pole and Tbx5-positive venous pole progenitor cell populations. We show that normal downregulation of the definitive arterial pole progenitor cell program in the posterior SHF is dependent on both Tbx1 and Tbx5. Furthermore, retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required for Tbx5 activation in Tbx1-positive cells and blocking RA signaling at the time of Tbx5 activation results in atrioventricular septal defects at fetal stages. Our results reveal sequential steps of cardiac progenitor cell patterning and provide mechanistic insights into the origin of common forms of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel Sturny
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claudio Cortes
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
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29
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Veras Ribeiro Filho H, Tambones IL, Mariano Gonçalves Dias M, Bernardi Videira N, Bruder M, Amorim Amato A, Migliorini Figueira AC. Modulation of nuclear receptor function: Targeting the protein-DNA interface. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:1-14. [PMID: 30703486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that modulate several biological processes. Traditionally, modulation of NRs has been focused on the development of ligands that recognize and bind to the ligand binding domain (LBD), resulting in activation or repression of transcription through the recruitment of coregulators. However, for more severe diseases, such as breast and prostate cancer, the conventional treatment addressing LBD modulation is not always successful, due to tumor resistance. To overcome these challenges and aiming to modulate NR activity by inhibiting the NR-DNA interaction, new studies focus on the development of molecules targeting alternative sites and domains on NRs. Here, we discuss two different approaches for this alternative NR modulation: one targeting the NR DNA binding domain (DBD); and the other targeting the DNA sites recognized by NRs. Our aim is to present the challenges and perspectives for developing specific inhibitors for each purpose, alongside with already reported examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Izabella Luisa Tambones
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli Mariano Gonçalves Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Natalia Bernardi Videira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Bruder
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angélica Amorim Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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30
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Watson JN, Seagraves NJ. RNA-Seq analysis in an avian model of maternal phenylketonuria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:23-29. [PMID: 30600150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac malformations (CVMs) are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. CVMs are particularly prevalent when the developing fetus is exposed to high levels of phenylalanine in-utero in mothers with Phenylketonuria. Yet, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism leading to CVMs has proven difficult. In this study we used RNA-Seq to investigate an avian model of MPKU and establish differential gene expression (DEG) characteristics of the early developmental stages HH10, 12, and 14. In total, we identified 633 significantly differentially expressed genes across stages HH10, 12, and 14. As expected, functional annotation of significant DEGs identified associations seen in clinical phenotypes of MPKU including CVMs, congenital heart defects, craniofacial anomalies, central nervous system defects, and growth anomalies. Additionally, there was an overrepresentation of genes involved in cardiac muscle contraction, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, migration, proliferation, metabolism, and cell survival. Strikingly, we identified significant changes in expression with multiple genes involved in Retinoic Acid (RA) metabolism and downstream targets. Using qRTPCR, we validated these findings and identified a total of 42 genes within the RA pathway that are differentially expressed. Here, we report the first elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular malformations in MPKU conducted at early developmental timepoints. We provide evidence suggesting a link between PHE exposure and the alteration of RA pathway. These results are promising and offer novel findings associated with congenital heart defects in MPKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
| | - Nikki J Seagraves
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
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31
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Wang S, Huang W, Castillo HA, Kane MA, Xavier-Neto J, Trainor PA, Moise AR. Alterations in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:976-991. [PMID: 29806219 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the final stages of heart development the myocardium grows and becomes vascularized by means of paracrine factors and cell progenitors derived from the epicardium. There is evidence to suggest that retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, plays an important role in epicardial-based developmental programming. However, the consequences of altered RA-signaling in coronary development have not been systematically investigated. RESULTS We explored the developmental consequences of altered RA-signaling in late cardiogenic events that involve the epicardium. For this, we used a model of embryonic RA excess based on mouse embryos deficient in the retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3, and a complementary model of embryonic RA deficiency based on pharmacological inhibition of RA synthesis. We found that alterations in embryonic RA signaling led to a thin myocardium and aberrant coronary vessel formation and remodeling. Both excess, and deficient RA-signaling are associated with reductions in ventricular coverage and density of coronary vessels, altered vessel morphology, and impaired recruitment of epicardial-derived mural cells. Using a combined transcriptome and proteome profiling approach, we found that RA treatment of epicardial cells influenced key signaling pathways relevant for cardiac development. CONCLUSIONS Epicardial RA-signaling plays critical roles in the development of the coronary vasculature needed to support myocardial growth. Developmental Dynamics 247:976-991, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hozana A Castillo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - José Xavier-Neto
- Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimnto Científico e Tecnológico (Cnpq) CEP 01414000 Cerqueira Cesar Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Biomolecular Sciences Program and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Huang L, Zhang L, Li T, Liu YW, Wang Y, Liu BJ. Human Plasma Metabolomics Implicates Modified 9-cis-Retinoic Acid in the Phenotype of Left Main Artery Lesions in Acute ST-Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12958. [PMID: 30154509 PMCID: PMC6113282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is crucial before ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) or sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to identify characteristic metabolite modifications in the LMCAD phenotype, using the metabolomics technique. Metabolic profiles were generated based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Plasma samples were collected prospectively from a propensity-score matched cohort including 44 STEMI patients (22 consecutive LMCAD and 22 non-LMCAD), and 22 healthy controls. A comprehensive metabolomics data analysis was performed with Metaboanalyst 3.0 version. The retinol metabolism pathway was shown to have the strongest discriminative power for the LMCAD phenotype. According to biomarker analysis through receiver-operating characteristic curves, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) dominated the first page of biomarkers, with area under the curve (AUC) value 0.888. Next highest were a biomarker panel consisting of 9cRA, dehydrophytosphingosine, 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and another seven variants of lysophosphatidylcholines, exhibiting the highest AUC (0.933). These novel data propose that the retinol metabolism pathway was the strongest differential pathway for the LMCAD phenotype. 9cRA was the most critical biomarker of LMCAD, and a ten-metabolite plasma biomarker panel, in which 9cRA remained the weightiest, may help develop a potent predictive model for LMCAD in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China. .,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China. .,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Ying-Wu Liu
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Jiang Liu
- Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, P.R. China
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The histone methyltransferase SETD1A regulates thrombomodulin transcription in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:752-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang S, Yu J, Jones JW, Pierzchalski K, Kane MA, Trainor PA, Xavier-Neto J, Moise AR. Retinoic acid signaling promotes the cytoskeletal rearrangement of embryonic epicardial cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:3765-3781. [PMID: 29447006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All- trans-retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, is an important signaling molecule required for the proper development of the heart. The epicardium is the main source of RA in the embryonic heart, yet the cardiogenic functions of epicardial-produced RA are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the roles of RA signaling in the embryonic epicardium using in vivo and in vitro models of excess or deficiency of RA. Our results suggested that RA signaling facilitates the cytoskeletal rearrangement required for the epicardial-to-mesenchymal transition of epicardial cells. In vivo treatment with an inhibitor of RA synthesis delayed the migration of epicardial-derived precursor cells (EPDCs) into the myocardium; the opposite was seen in the case of dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (DHRS)3-deficient embryos, a mouse model of RA excess. Analysis of the behavior of epicardial cells exposed to RA receptor agonists or inhibitors of RA synthesis in vitro revealed that appropriate levels of RA are important in orchestrating the platelet-derived growth factor-induced loss of epithelial character, cytoskeletal remodeling, and migration, necessary for the infiltration of the myocardium by EPDCs. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which RA regulates epicardial cytoskeletal rearrangement, we used a whole transcriptome profiling approach, which in combination with pull-down and inhibition assays, demonstrated that the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) pathway is required for the morphologic changes induced by RA in epicardial cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that RA regulates the cytoskeletal rearrangement of epicardial cells via a signaling cascade that involves the RhoA pathway.-Wang, S., Yu, J., Jones, J. W., Pierzchalski, K., Kane, M. A., Trainor, P. A., Xavier-Neto, J., Moise, A. R. Retinoic acid signaling promotes the cytoskeletal rearrangement of embryonic epicardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keely Pierzchalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - José Xavier-Neto
- Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Gao X, Yang L, Luo H, Tan F, Ma X, Lu C. A Rare Rs139365823 Polymorphism in Pre-miR-138 Is Associated with Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:109-116. [PMID: 29298094 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-138 modulates cardiac morphogenesis in zebrafish. We explored whether a genetic polymorphism in miR-138 might contribute to the occurrence of sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD) and the potential mechanism. We performed a case-control study consisting of 857 CHD cases and 938 non-CHD controls by genotyping miR-138 in a Chinese population. Two SNPs, including rare rs139365823 located in the pre-miR-138 sequence and rs76987351 located in the pri-miR-138 sequence, were identified by sequencing miR-138. The results demonstrated that the genotypes and allele frequencies of the rs139365823 minor allele A were significantly associated with the increased risk of CHD cases overall or in the Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) subtype, but not with the rs76987351 A/G allele. Real-time PCR data showed that the rs139365823 minor allele A significantly increased the expression of mature miR-138, whereas the rs76987351 minor allele A had the opposite effect. As TOF is caused by severe outflow tract (OFT) development and an alignment defect, we identified Dvl2, involved in OFT development, as a direct target of miR-138. Further, the rs139365823 minor allele A enhanced the miR-138-mediated inhibitory regulation of Dvl2. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that the functional variant rs139365823 in pre-miR-138 altered the expression of mature miR-138 and its inhibitory effect on target genes and conferred the risk for CHD in the population studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Gao
- 1 Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing, China .,2 Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- 2 Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- 1 Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing, China .,2 Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Cailing Lu
- 1 Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing, China .,2 Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
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Magvanjav O, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Chapman AB, Turner ST, Gums JG, Bailey KR, Boerwinkle E, Beitelshees AL, Tanaka T, Kubo M, Pepine CJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson JA. Genetic Variants Associated With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure on Thiazide Diuretic/β-Blocker Combination Therapy in the PEAR (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses) and INVEST (International Verapamil-SR Trandolapril Study) Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006522. [PMID: 29097388 PMCID: PMC5721751 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of hypertensive individuals require combination antihypertensive therapy to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with uncontrolled BP on combination therapy with a thiazide diuretic and a β-blocker. METHODS AND RESULTS A genome-wide association study of uncontrolled BP on combination therapy was conducted among 314 white participants of the PEAR (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses) trial. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Genetic variants meeting a suggestive level of significance (P<1.0E-05) were tested for replication in an external cohort, INVEST (International Verapamil-SR Trandolapril study). We also examined genome-wide variant associations with systolic and diastolic BP response on combination therapy and tested for replication. We discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism, the rs261316 major allele, at chromosome 15 in the gene ALDH1A2 associated with an increased odds of having uncontrolled BP on combination therapy (odds ratio: 2.56, 95% confidence interval, 1.69-3.88, P=8.64E-06). This single nucleotide polymorphism replicated (odds ratio: 1.86, 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.57, P=0.001) and approached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis between discovery and replication cohorts (odds ratio: 2.16, 95% confidence interval, 1.63-2.86, P=8.60E-08). Other genes in the region surrounding rs261316 (ALDH1A2) include AQP9 and LIPC. CONCLUSIONS A single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene ALDH1A2 may be associated with uncontrolled BP following treatment with a thiazide diuretic/β-blocker combination. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00246519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyunbileg Magvanjav
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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Talkhabi M, Zonooz ER, Baharvand H. Boosters and barriers for direct cardiac reprogramming. Life Sci 2017; 178:70-86. [PMID: 28427897 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is currently the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which accounts for approximately 33% of all deaths. Recently, a promising and alchemy-like strategy has been developed called direct cardiac reprogramming, which directly converts somatic cells such as fibroblasts to cardiac lineage cells such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), termed induced CMs or iCMs. The first in vitro cardiac reprogramming study, mediated by cardiac transcription factors (TFs)-Gata4, Tbx5 and Mef2C-, was not enough efficient to produce an adequate number of fully reprogrammed, functional iCMs. As a result, numerous combinations of cardiac TFs exist for direct cardiac reprogramming of mouse and human fibroblasts. However, the efficiency of direct cardiac reprogramming remains low. Recently, a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified to increase the efficiency of direct cardiac reprogramming and the quality of iCMs. For example, microgrooved substrate, cardiogenic growth factors [VEGF, FGF, BMP4 and Activin A], and an appropriate stoichiometry of TFs boost the direct cardiac reprogramming. On the other hand, serum, TGFβ signaling, activators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and some epigenetic factors (Bmi1 and Ezh2) are barriers for direct cardiac reprogramming. Manipulating these mechanisms by the application of boosters and removing barriers can increase the efficiency of direct cardiac reprogramming and possibly make iCMs reliable for cell-based therapy or other potential applications. In this review, we summarize the latest trends in cardiac TF- or miRNA-based direct cardiac reprogramming and comprehensively discuses all molecular and cellular boosters and barriers affecting direct cardiac reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elmira Rezaei Zonooz
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Stefanovic S, Zaffran S. Mechanisms of retinoic acid signaling during cardiogenesis. Mech Dev 2016; 143:9-19. [PMID: 28007475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Substantial experimental and epidemiological data have highlighted the interplay between nutritional and genetic factors in the development of congenital heart defects. Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, plays a key role during vertebrate development including the formation of the heart. Retinoids bind to RA and retinoid X receptors (RARs and RXRs) which then regulate tissue-specific genes. Here, we will focus on the roles of RA signaling and receptors in gene regulation during cardiogenesis, and the consequence of deregulated retinoid signaling on heart formation and congenital heart defects.
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39
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Cunha V, Rodrigues P, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Ferreira M. Danio rerio embryos on Prozac - Effects on the detoxification mechanism and embryo development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:182-189. [PMID: 27513977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade the presence of psychopharmaceuticals, including fluoxetine (FLU), in the aquatic environment has been associated with the increasing trend in human consumption of these substances. Aquatic organisms are usually exposed to chronic low doses and, therefore, risk assessments should evaluate the effects of these compounds in non-target organisms. Teleost fish possess an array of active defence mechanisms to cope with the deleterious effects of xenobiotics. These include ABC transporters, phase I and II of cellular detoxification and oxidative stress enzymes. Hence, the present study aimed at characterising the effect of FLU on embryo development of the model teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) concomitantly with changes in the detoxification mechanisms during early developmental phases. Embryos were exposed to different concentrations of FLU (0.0015, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8μM) for 80hours post fertilization. Development was screened and the impact in the transcription of key genes, i.e., abcb4, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2, cyp1a, cyp3a65, gst, sod, cat, ahr, pxr, pparα, pparβ, pparγ, rxraa, rxrab, rxrbb, rxrga, rxrgb, raraa, rarab, rarga evaluated. In addition, accumulation assays were performed to measure the activity of ABC proteins and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and Cu/ZnSOD) after exposure to FLU. Embryo development was disrupted at the lowest FLU concentration tested (0.0015μM), which is in the range of concentrations found in WWTP effluents. Embryos exposed to higher concentrations of FLU decreased Cu/Zn SOD, and increased CAT (0.0015 and 0.5μM) enzymatic activity. Exposure to higher concentrations of FLU decreased the expression of most genes belonging to the detoxification system and upregulated cat at 0.0015μM of FLU. Most of the tested concentrations downregulated pparα, pparβ, pparγ, and raraa, rxraa, rxrab, rxrbb rxrgb and ahr gene expression while pxr was significantly up regulated at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, this study shows that FLU can impact zebrafish embryo development, at concentrations found in effluents of WWTPs, concomitantly with changes in antioxidant enzymes, and the transcription of key genes involved in detoxification and development. These finding raises additional concerns supporting the need to monitor the presence of this compound in aquatic reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Rodrigues
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Techonology and Environment, The University of South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji Islands
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Marcellini S, González F, Sarrazin AF, Pabón-Mora N, Benítez M, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Rezende GL, Maldonado E, Schneider PN, Grizante MB, Da Fonseca RN, Vergara-Silva F, Suaza-Gaviria V, Zumajo-Cardona C, Zattara EE, Casasa S, Suárez-Baron H, Brown FD. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo) Research in Latin America. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 328:5-40. [PMID: 27491339 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Famous for its blind cavefish and Darwin's finches, Latin America is home to some of the richest biodiversity hotspots of our planet. The Latin American fauna and flora inspired and captivated naturalists from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including such notable pioneers such as Fritz Müller, Florentino Ameghino, and Léon Croizat who made a significant contribution to the study of embryology and evolutionary thinking. But, what are the historical and present contributions of the Latin American scientific community to Evo-Devo? Here, we provide the first comprehensive overview of the Evo-Devo laboratories based in Latin America and describe current lines of research based on endemic species, focusing on body plans and patterning, systematics, physiology, computational modeling approaches, ecology, and domestication. Literature searches reveal that Evo-Devo in Latin America is still in its early days; while showing encouraging indicators of productivity, it has not stabilized yet, because it relies on few and sparsely distributed laboratories. Coping with the rapid changes in national scientific policies and contributing to solve social and health issues specific to each region are among the main challenges faced by Latin American researchers. The 2015 inaugural meeting of the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology played a pivotal role in bringing together Latin American researchers eager to initiate and consolidate regional and worldwide collaborative networks. Such networks will undoubtedly advance research on the extremely high genetic and phenotypic biodiversity of Latin America, bound to be an almost infinite source of amazement and fascinating findings for the Evo-Devo community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Favio González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F Sarrazin
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo L Rezende
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, CBB, LQFPP, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Nunes Da Fonseca
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento SócioAmbiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macae, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Casasa
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Federico D Brown
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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41
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Gu R, Xu J, Lin Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Sheng W, Ma D, Ma X, Huang G. Liganded retinoic acid X receptor α represses connexin 43 through a potential retinoic acid response element in the promoter region. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:159-68. [PMID: 26991262 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoic acid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and Connexin 43 (Cx43) both play a crucial role in cardiogenesis. However, little is known about the interplay mechanism between the RXRα and Cx43. METHODS The activations of retinoic acid response element (RARE) in Cx43 were measured by luciferase transfection assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to prove that RXRα can directly bind to the RARE sequence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the RXRα and Cx43 mRNA level and protein level in cells. RESULTS In this study, we confirmed the negative association of the gene expression between the RXRα and Cx43 in the cell level. Interestingly, a functional RARE was detected in the region from -1,426 to -314 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional start site of Cx43. Moreover, we also prove that RXRα can directly bind to this RARE sequence in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS RXRα negatively regulates the transcription and expression by directly binding to the RARE in the promoter of Cx43. The RARE-like sequence harbored in the Cx43 promoter region may serve as a functional RARE in the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Gu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Women and Children's Medical Center, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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Kwon HJ. Vitamin D receptor signaling is required for heart development in zebrafish embryo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:575-578. [PMID: 26797277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of vitamin D in heart development during embryonic period is largely unknown. Vitamin D induces its genomic effects through its nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The present study investigated the role of VDR on heart development by antisense-mediated knockdown approaches in zebrafish model system. In zebrafish embryos, two distinct VDR genes (vdra and vdrb) have been identified. Knockdown of vdra has little effect on heart development, whereas disrupting vdrb gene causes various cardiac phenotypes, characterized by pericardial edema, slower heart rate and laterality defects. Depletion of both vdra and vdrb (vdra/b) produce additive, but not synergistic effects. To determine whether atrioventricular (AV) cardiomyocytes are properly organized in these embryos, the expression of bmp4, which marks the developing AV boundary at 48 h post-fertilization, was examined. Notably, vdra/b-deficient embryos display ectopic expression of bmp4 towards the ventricle or throughout atrial and ventricular chambers. Taken together, these results suggest that VDR signaling plays an essential role in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kwon
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843-3258, United States; Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Lesoway MP. The future of Evo-Devo: the inaugural meeting of the Pan American Society for evolutionary developmental biology. Evol Dev 2016; 18:71-7. [PMID: 26773456 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
What is the future of evolutionary developmental biology? This question and more were discussed at the inaugural meeting for the Pan American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology, held August 5-9, 2015, in Berkeley, California, USA. More than 300 participants attended the first meeting of the new society, representing the current diversity of Evo-Devo. Speakers came from throughout the Americas, presenting work using an impressive range of study systems, techniques, and approaches. Current research draws from themes including the role of gene regulatory networks, plasticity and the role of the environment, novelty, population genetics, and regeneration, using new and emerging techniques as well as traditional tools. Multiple workshops and a discussion session covered subjects both practical and theoretical, providing an opportunity for members to discuss the current challenges and future directions for Evo-Devo. The excitement and discussion generated over the course of the meeting demonstrates the current dynamism of the field, suggesting that the future of Evo-Devo is bright indeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna P Lesoway
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A-1B1.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Caporilli S, Latinkic BV. Ventricular cell fate can be specified until the onset of myocardial differentiation. Mech Dev 2016; 139:31-41. [PMID: 26776863 PMCID: PMC4798847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern specification of various cell types that constitute vertebrate heart are not fully understood. Whilst most studies of heart development have utilised the mouse embryo, we have used an alternative model, embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis, which permits direct experimental manipulation of a non-essential heart. We show that in this model pluripotent animal cap explants injected with cardiogenic factor GATA4 mRNA express pan-myocardial as well as ventricular and proepicardial markers. We found that cardiac cell fate diversification, as assessed by ventricular and proepicardial markers, critically depends on tissue integrity, as it is disrupted by dissociation but can be fully restored by inhibition of the BMP pathway and partially by Dkk-1. Ventricular and proepicardial cell fates can also be restored in reaggregated GATA4-expressing cells upon transplantation into a host embryo. The competence of the host embryo to induce ventricular and proepicardial markers gradually decreases with the age of the transplant and is lost by the onset of myocardial differentiation at the late tailbud stage (st. 28). The influence of the host on the transplant was not limited to diversification of cardiac cell fates, but also included induction of growth and rhythmic beating, resulting in generation of a secondary heart-like structure. Our results additionally show that efficient generation of secondary heart requires normal axial patterning of the host embryo. Furthermore, secondary hearts can be induced in a wide range of locations within the host, arguing that the host embryo provides a permissive environment for development of cardiac patterning, growth and physiological maturation. Our results have implications for a major goal of cardiac regenerative medicine, differentiation of ventricular myocardium. Ventricular and proepicardial fate can be induced by cardiogenic factor GATA4. This process requires tissue integrity. Ventricular and proepicardial cell fate can be restored by BMP inhibition. A secondary heart-like structure can be induced from GATA4-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporilli
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Branko V Latinkic
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
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