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Li M, Gao X, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Zhang Z, Zhu D. FOXM1 transcriptional regulation. Biol Cell 2024:e2400012. [PMID: 38963053 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
FOXM1 is a key transcriptional regulator involved in various biological processes in mammals, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, aging, immune regulation, development, and disease. Early studies have shown that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene by regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis, as well as genes related to diagnosis, treatment, chemotherapy resistance, and prognosis. Researchers are increasingly focusing on FOXM1 functions in tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration. However, researchers have not comprehensively described FOXM1's involvement in tumor microenvironment shaping, epigenetics, and immune cell infiltration. Here we review the role of FOXM1 in the formation and development of malignant tumors, and we will provide a comprehensive summary of the role of FOXM1 in transcriptional regulation, interacting proteins, tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration, and suggest areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuzheng Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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Khurana S, Varma D, Foltz DR. Contribution of CENP-F to FOXM1-Mediated Discordant Centromere and Kinetochore Transcriptional Regulation. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:209-225. [PMID: 38779933 PMCID: PMC11204039 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2350543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper chromosome segregation is required to ensure chromosomal stability. The centromere (CEN) is a unique chromatin domain defined by CENP-A and is responsible for recruiting the kinetochore (KT) during mitosis, ultimately regulating microtubule spindle attachment and mitotic checkpoint function. Upregulation of many CEN/KT genes is commonly observed in cancer. Here, we show that although FOXM1 occupies promoters of many CEN/KT genes with MYBL2, FOXM1 overexpression alone is insufficient to drive the FOXM1-correlated transcriptional program. CENP-F is canonically an outer kinetochore component; however, it functions with FOXM1 to coregulate G2/M transcription and proper chromosome segregation. Loss of CENP-F results in altered chromatin accessibility at G2/M genes and reduced FOXM1-MBB complex formation. We show that coordinated CENP-FFOXM1 transcriptional regulation is a cancer-specific function. We observe a small subset of CEN/KT genes including CENP-C, that are not regulated by FOXM1. Upregulation of CENP-C in the context of CENP-A overexpression leads to increased chromosome missegregation and cell death suggesting that escape of CENP-C from FOXM1 regulation is a cancer survival mechanism. Together, we show that FOXM1 and CENP-F coordinately regulate G2/M genes, and this coordination is specific to a subset of genes to allow for maintenance of chromosome instability levels and subsequent cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel R. Foltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Raghuwanshi S, Zhang X, Arbieva Z, Khan I, Mohammed H, Wang Z, Domling A, Camacho CJ, Gartel AL. Novel FOXM1 inhibitor STL001 sensitizes human cancers to a broad-spectrum of cancer therapies. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:211. [PMID: 38697979 PMCID: PMC11066125 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is often overexpressed in human cancers and strongly associated with therapy resistance and less good patient survival. The chemotherapy options for patients with the most aggressive types of solid cancers remain very limited because of the acquired drug resistance, making the therapy less effective. NPM1 mutation through the inactivation of FOXM1 via FOXM1 relocalization to the cytoplasm confers more favorable treatment outcomes for AML patients, confirming FOXM1 as a crucial target to overcome drug resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 could be a promising approach to sensitize therapy-resistant cancers. Here, we explore a novel FOXM1 inhibitor STL001, a first-generation modification drug of our previously reported FOXM1 inhibitor STL427944. STL001 preserves the mode of action of the STL427944; however, STL001 is up to 50 times more efficient in reducing FOXM1 activity in a variety of solid cancers. The most conventional cancer therapies studied here induce FOXM1 overexpression in solid cancers. The therapy-induced FOXM1 overexpression may explain the failure or reduced efficacy of these drugs in cancer patients. Interestingly, STL001 increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional cancer therapies by suppressing both the high-endogenous and drug-induced FOXM1. Notably, STL001 does not provide further sensitization to FOXM1-KD cancer cells, suggesting that the sensitization effect is conveyed specifically through FOXM1 suppression. RNA-seq and gene set enrichment studies revealed prominent suppression of FOXM1-dependent pathways and gene ontologies. Also, gene regulation by STL001 showed extensive overlap with FOXM1-KD, suggesting a high selectivity of STL001 toward the FOXM1 regulatory network. A completely new activity of FOXM1, mediated through steroid/cholesterol biosynthetic process and protein secretion in cancer cells was also detected. Collectively, STL001 offers intriguing translational opportunities as combination therapies targeting FOXM1 activity in a variety of human cancers driven by FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irum Khan
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hisham Mohammed
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Z Wang
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) of Palacký University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Domling
- The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) of Palacký University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carlos Jaime Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Howard GC, Wang J, Rose KL, Jones C, Patel P, Tsui T, Florian AC, Vlach L, Lorey SL, Grieb BC, Smith BN, Slota MJ, Reynolds EM, Goswami S, Savona MR, Mason FM, Lee T, Fesik S, Liu Q, Tansey WP. Ribosome subunit attrition and activation of the p53-MDM4 axis dominate the response of MLL-rearranged cancer cells to WDR5 WIN site inhibition. eLife 2024; 12:RP90683. [PMID: 38682900 PMCID: PMC11057873 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-associated protein WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) is a promising target for cancer drug discovery, with most efforts blocking an arginine-binding cavity on the protein called the 'WIN' site that tethers WDR5 to chromatin. WIN site inhibitors (WINi) are active against multiple cancer cell types in vitro, the most notable of which are those derived from MLL-rearranged (MLLr) leukemias. Peptidomimetic WINi were originally proposed to inhibit MLLr cells via dysregulation of genes connected to hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Our discovery and interrogation of small-molecule WINi, however, revealed that they act in MLLr cell lines to suppress ribosome protein gene (RPG) transcription, induce nucleolar stress, and activate p53. Because there is no precedent for an anticancer strategy that specifically targets RPG expression, we took an integrated multi-omics approach to further interrogate the mechanism of action of WINi in human MLLr cancer cells. We show that WINi induce depletion of the stock of ribosomes, accompanied by a broad yet modest translational choke and changes in alternative mRNA splicing that inactivate the p53 antagonist MDM4. We also show that WINi are synergistic with agents including venetoclax and BET-bromodomain inhibitors. Together, these studies reinforce the concept that WINi are a novel type of ribosome-directed anticancer therapy and provide a resource to support their clinical implementation in MLLr leukemias and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Caleb Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Camden Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Purvi Patel
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Tina Tsui
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Andrea C Florian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Logan Vlach
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Shelly L Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Brian C Grieb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Brianna N Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Macey J Slota
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Elizabeth M Reynolds
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Soumita Goswami
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Michael R Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Frank M Mason
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Stephen Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
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Bai X, Li S, Luo Y. FOXM1 promote the growth and metastasis of uveal melanoma cells by regulating CDK2 expression. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:55. [PMID: 38342795 PMCID: PMC10859341 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UVM) is an aggressive malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the eye. Here, we screened the possible genes involved in the development and prognosis of UVM, and identified that FOXM1 and MET were associated with the prognosis of UVM patients. Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cell cycle-related genes that are necessary for DNA duplication. However, the regulatory mechanism of FOXM1 in UVM was still not clear. Here, we investigated the regulation of FOXM1 in the malignant phenotype of UVM cells and its effect on the prognosis of UVM patients. METHODS UVM gene expression profiles were obtained using GSE22138 data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a key module gene for metastasis, which was strongly correlated with UVM prognosis. The latent biological pathways were identified through gene ontology analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub shared gene authentication were performed. GEPIA and UALCAN databases were used for the analysis of relationship between candidate genes (FOXM1 or MET) and the prognosis of UVM patients. The abundance of FOXM1 was examined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Colony formation and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays for cell proliferation, wound healing assay for migration, and transwell invasion analysis for invasion were performed. RESULTS GEO database showed the differentially expressed genes between UVM samples with or without metastasis, and a key module gene for metastasis was constructed by WGCNA. The PPI network revealed that seven candidate genes (VEGFA, KRAS, MET, SRC, EZR, FOXM1, and CCNB1) were closely associated with UVM metastasis. GEPIA and UALCAN analyzes suggested that FOXM1 and MET are related to the prognosis of patients with UVM. These experimental results suggested that FOXM1 was highly expressed in UVM cells. FOXM1 deficiency represses the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of UVM cells. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 silencing may hinder UVM cell progression, providing a novel theoretical basis and new insights for UVM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Eye Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmopathy, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Gartel A, Raghuwanshi S, Zhang X, Arbieva Z, Khan I, Wang Z, Domling A, Camacho C. [WITHDRAWN] Novel FOXM1 inhibitor STL001 sensitizes human cancers to a broad-spectrum of cancer therapies. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3711759. [PMID: 38234752 PMCID: PMC10793495 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3711759/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
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[WITHDRAWN] Novel FOXM1 inhibitor STL001 sensitizes human cancers to a broad-spectrum of cancer therapies. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3711759. [PMID: 38234752 PMCID: PMC10793495 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3711759/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
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8
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Howard GC, Wang J, Rose KL, Jones C, Patel P, Tsui T, Florian AC, Vlach L, Lorey SL, Grieb BC, Smith BN, Slota MJ, Reynolds EM, Goswami S, Savona MR, Mason FM, Lee T, Fesik SW, Liu Q, Tansey WP. Ribosome subunit attrition and activation of the p53-MDM4 axis dominate the response of MLL-rearranged cancer cells to WDR5 WIN site inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.26.550648. [PMID: 37546802 PMCID: PMC10402127 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin-associated protein WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) is a promising target for cancer drug discovery, with most efforts blocking an arginine-binding cavity on the protein called the "WIN" site that tethers WDR5 to chromatin. WIN site inhibitors (WINi) are active against multiple cancer cell types in vitro, the most notable of which are those derived from MLL-rearranged (MLLr) leukemias. Peptidomimetic WINi were originally proposed to inhibit MLLr cells via dysregulation of genes connected to hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Our discovery and interrogation of small molecule WIN site inhibitors, however, revealed that they act in MLLr cell lines to suppress ribosome protein gene (RPG) transcription, induce nucleolar stress, and activate p53. Because there is no precedent for an anti-cancer strategy that specifically targets RPG expression, we took an integrated multi-omics approach to further interrogate the mechanism of action of WINi in MLLr cancer cells. We show that WINi induce depletion of the stock of ribosomes, accompanied by a broad yet modest translational choke and changes in alternative mRNA splicing that inactivate the p53 antagonist MDM4. We also show that WINi are synergistic with agents including venetoclax and BET-bromodomain inhibitors. Together, these studies reinforce the concept that WINi are a novel type of ribosome-directed anti-cancer therapy and provide a resource to support their clinical implementation in MLLr leukemias and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C. Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kristie Lindsey Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Camden Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Purvi Patel
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tina Tsui
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea C. Florian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Logan Vlach
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shelly L. Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian C. Grieb
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brianna N. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Macey J. Slota
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Current address: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Reynolds
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Soumita Goswami
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank M. Mason
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Sridharan N, Nagalingam S, Vidhya P, Viswanathan P. Prevalence and diagnostic significance of p16, p53 expression in lichen planus as a potential premalignant lesion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:56-61. [PMID: 38800439 PMCID: PMC11126256 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_427_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality. Identifying potential premalignant lesions is crucial for early detection and effective management. Lichen planus (LP), a chronic inflammatory disorder has been associated with an increased risk of developing OSCC. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic importance of p16 and p53 expression in identifying LP as a potential premalignant lesion for OSCC. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on archived tissue samples from patients diagnosed with LP (n = 80) and OSCC (n = 60) between 2017 and 2022. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate p16 and p53 protein expression levels in both LP and OSCC tissues. Clinical data, including patient demographics and lesion characteristics, were collected and correlated with the immunohistochemical findings. Results and Discussion The results revealed a significantly higher prevalence of p16 and p53 expression in LP tissues compared to normal oral mucosa (P < 0.001). Notably, p16 expression was observed in 70% of LP cases, while p53 was detected in 55% of LP cases. Furthermore, a significant association was established between p53 expression and the presence of dysplasia within LP lesions (P = 0.003). This indicates the potential of p53 as a predictive biomarker for malignant transformation in LP. The correlation between p16 and p53 expression levels in LP and OSCC tissues suggests a potential mechanistic link between LP and OSCC development. Conclusion This study underscores the diagnostic importance of p16 and p53 expression as potential markers for identifying LP as a premalignant lesion in the context of OSCC. The elevated prevalence of these markers in LP tissues suggests a potential role in predicting malignant transformation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying OSCC development from LP and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and early intervention in patients diagnosed with LP. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and to explore the clinical utility of p16 and p53 as biomarkers for predicting OSCC risk in LP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivethitha Sridharan
- Department of Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Nagalingam
- Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Vidhya
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Tiruppur, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Viswanathan
- Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Madhuranthagam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khurana S, Foltz DR. Contribution of CENP-F to FOXM1-mediated discordant centromere and kinetochore transcriptional regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573453. [PMID: 38234763 PMCID: PMC10793414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Proper chromosome segregation is required to ensure genomic and chromosomal stability. The centromere is a unique chromatin domain present throughout the cell cycle on each chromosome defined by the CENP-A nucleosome. Centromeres (CEN) are responsible for recruiting the kinetochore (KT) during mitosis, ultimately regulating spindle attachment and mitotic checkpoint function. Upregulation of many genes that encode the CEN/KT proteins is commonly observed in cancer. Here, we show although that FOXM1 occupies the promoters of many CEN/KT genes with MYBL2, occupancy is insufficient alone to drive the FOXM1 correlated transcriptional program. We show that CENP-F, a component of the outer kinetochore, functions with FOXM1 to coregulate G2/M transcription and proper chromosome segregation. Loss of CENP-F results in alteration of chromatin accessibility at G2/M genes, including CENP-A, and leads to reduced FOXM1-MBB complex formation. The FOXM1-CENP-F transcriptional coordination is a cancer-specific function. We observed that a few CEN/KT genes escape FOXM1 regulation such as CENP-C which when upregulated with CENP-A, leads to increased chromosome misegregation and cell death. Together, we show that the FOXM1 and CENP-F coordinately regulate G2/M gene expression, and this coordination is specific to a subset of genes to allow for proliferation and maintenance of chromosome stability for cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Simpsom Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Daniel R. Foltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Simpsom Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Raghuwanshi S, Gartel AL. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1: Current challenges and future perspectives in cancer treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189015. [PMID: 37913940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) protein M1 (FOXM1) is a critical proliferation-associated transcription factor (TF) that is aberrantly overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and has also been implicated in poor prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of various aspects of this molecule has revealed its role in, cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. The FOXM1 as a TF directly or indirectly regulates the expression of several target genes whose dysregulation is associated with almost all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, FOXM1 expression is associated with chemoresistance to different anti-cancer drugs. Several studies have confirmed that suppression of FOXM1 enhanced the drug sensitivity of various types of cancer cells. Current data suggest that small molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 in combination with anticancer drugs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for chemo-resistant cancers. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility of FOXM1, further, we summarize and discuss small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 and categorize them according to their mechanisms of targeting FOXM1. Despite great progress, small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 face many challenges, and we present here all small-molecule FOXM1 inhibitors in different stages of development. We discuss the current challenges and provide insights on the future application of FOXM1 inhibition to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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12
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Tabnak P, Hasanzade Bashkandi A, Ebrahimnezhad M, Soleimani M. Forkhead box transcription factors (FOXOs and FOXM1) in glioma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37821870 PMCID: PMC10568859 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor, comprises the majority of central nervous system deaths, and is categorized into different subgroups according to its histological characteristics, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and mixed tumors. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors comprise a collection of proteins that play various roles in numerous complex molecular cascades and have been discovered to be differentially expressed in distinct glioma subtypes. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been recognized as crucial transcription factors in tumor cells, including glioma cells. Accumulating data indicates that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene in various types of cancers, and a significant part of studies has investigated its function in glioma. Although recent studies considered FOXO subgroups as tumor suppressors, there are pieces of evidence that they may have an oncogenic role. This review will discuss the subtle functions of FOXOs and FOXM1 in gliomas, dissecting their regulatory network with other proteins, microRNAs and their role in glioma progression, including stem cell differentiation and therapy resistance/sensitivity, alongside highlighting recent pharmacological progress for modulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Tabnak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Soleimani
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. Forkhead box proteins as the critical regulators of cisplatin response in tumor cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175937. [PMID: 37541368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs used in a wide range of cancer patients; however, there is a high rate of CDDP resistance among cancer patients. Considering the side effects of cisplatin in normal tissues, it is necessary to predict the CDDP response in cancer patients. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in CDDP resistance can help to introduce the prognostic markers. Several molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis inhibition, drug efflux, drug detoxification, and increased DNA repair are involved in CDDP resistance. Regarding the key role of transcription factors in regulation of many cellular processes related to drug resistance, in the present review, we discussed the role of Forkhead box (FOX) protein family in CDDP response. It has been reported that FOX proteins mainly promote CDDP resistance through the regulation of DNA repair, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signaling pathways. Therefore, FOX proteins can be introduced as the prognostic markers to predict CDDP response in cancer patients. In addition, considering that oncogenic role of FOX proteins, the CDDP treatment along with FOX inhibition can be used as a therapeutic strategy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Pan F, Chocarro S, Ramos M, Chen Y, Alonso de la Vega A, Somogyi K, Sotillo R. FOXM1 is critical for the fitness recovery of chromosomally unstable cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:430. [PMID: 37452072 PMCID: PMC10349069 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression and evolution are frequently associated with chromosomal instability (CIN). Tumor cells often express high levels of the mitotic checkpoint protein MAD2, leading to mitotic arrest and cell death. However, some tumor cells are capable of exiting mitosis and consequently increasing CIN. How cells escape the mitotic arrest induced by MAD2 and proliferate with CIN is not well understood. Here, we explored loss-of-function screens and drug sensitivity tests associated with MAD2 levels in aneuploid cells and identified that aneuploid cells with high MAD2 levels are more sensitive to FOXM1 depletion. Inhibition of FOXM1 promotes MAD2-mediated mitotic arrest and exacerbates CIN. Conversely, elevating FOXM1 expression in MAD2-overexpressing human cell lines reverts prolonged mitosis and rescues mitotic errors, cell death and proliferative disadvantages. Mechanistically, we found that FOXM1 facilitates mitotic exit by inhibiting the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the expression of Cyclin B. Notably, we observed that FOXM1 is upregulated upon aneuploid induction in cells with dysfunctional SAC and error-prone mitosis, and these cells are sensitive to FOXM1 knockdown, indicating a novel vulnerability of aneuploid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pan
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Chocarro
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Ramos
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alicia Alonso de la Vega
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kalman Somogyi
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rocio Sotillo
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TRLC), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Yi J, Li H, Chu B, Kon N, Hu X, Hu J, Xiong Y, Kaniskan HU, Jin J, Gu W. Inhibition of USP7 induces p53-independent tumor growth suppression in triple-negative breast cancers by destabilizing FOXM1. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1799-1810. [PMID: 37291217 PMCID: PMC10307817 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies indicate that inhibition of USP7 suppresses tumor growth by activating p53, the precise mechanism by which USP7 contributes to tumor growth through the p53-independent manner is not well understood. p53 is frequently mutated in most triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), characterized as the very aggressive form of breast cancers with limited treatment options and poor patient outcomes. Here, we found that the oncoprotein Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) acts as a potential driver for tumor growth in TNBC and, surprisingly, through a proteomic screen, we identified USP7 as a major regulator of FOXM1 in TNBC cells. USP7 interacts with FOXM1 both in vitro and in vivo. USP7 stabilizes FOXM1 through deubiquitination. Conversely, RNAi-mediated USP7 knockdown in TNBC cells, dramatically reduced the levels of FOXM1. Moreover, based upon the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, we generated PU7-1 (protein degrader for USP7-1), as a USP7 specific degrader. PU7-1 induces rapid USP7 degradation at low nanomolar concentrations in cells but shows no obvious effect on other USP family proteins. Strikingly, the treatment of TNBC cells with PU7-1 significantly abrogates FOXM1 functions and effectively suppresses cell growth in vitro. By using xenograft mouse models, we found that PU7-1 markedly represses tumor growth in vivo. Notably, ectopic overexpression of FOXM1 can reverse the tumor growth suppressive effects induced by PU7-1, underscored the specific effect on FOXM1 induced by USP7 inactivation. Together, our findings indicate that FOXM1 is a major target of USP7 in modulating tumor growth in a p53-independent manner and reveals the USP7 degrader as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bo Chu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jianping Hu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - H Umit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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16
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Kang Y. Landscape of NcRNAs involved in drug resistance of breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1869-1892. [PMID: 37067729 PMCID: PMC10250522 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) leads to the most amounts of deaths among women. Chemo-, endocrine-, and targeted therapies are the mainstay drug treatments for BC in the clinic. However, drug resistance is a major obstacle for BC patients, and it leads to poor prognosis. Accumulating evidences suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are intricately linked to a wide range of pathological processes, including drug resistance. Till date, the correlation between drug resistance and ncRNAs is not completely understood in BC. Herein, we comprehensively summarized a dysregulated ncRNAs landscape that promotes or inhibits drug resistance in chemo-, endocrine-, and targeted BC therapies. Our review will pave way for the effective management of drug resistance by targeting oncogenic ncRNAs, which, in turn will promote drug sensitivity of BC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
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17
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Li L, Sun Y, Davis AE, Shah SH, Hamed LK, Wu MR, Lin CH, Ding JB, Wang S. Mettl14-mediated m 6A modification ensures the cell-cycle progression of late-born retinal progenitor cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112596. [PMID: 37269288 PMCID: PMC10543643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells lengthen their cell cycle to prime themselves for differentiation as development proceeds. It is currently not clear how they counter this lengthening and avoid being halted in the cell cycle. We show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of cell-cycle-related mRNAs ensures the proper cell-cycle progression of late-born retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), which are born toward the end of retinogenesis and have long cell-cycle length. Conditional deletion of Mettl14, which is required for depositing m6A, led to delayed cell-cycle exit of late-born RPCs but has no effect on retinal development prior to birth. m6A sequencing and single-cell transcriptomics revealed that mRNAs involved in elongating the cell cycle were highly enriched for m6A, which could target them for degradation and guarantee proper cell-cycle progression. In addition, we identified Zfp292 as a target of m6A and potent inhibitor of RPC cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander E Davis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sahil H Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lobna K Hamed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Man-Ru Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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18
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Katzenellenbogen BS, Guillen VS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Targeting the oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 to improve outcomes in all subtypes of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:76. [PMID: 37370117 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is greatly upregulated in breast cancer and many other cancers where it promotes tumorigenesis, and cancer growth and progression. It is expressed in all subtypes of breast cancer and is the factor most associated with risk of poor patient survival, especially so in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, new approaches to inhibiting FOXM1 and its activities, and combination therapies utilizing FOXM1 inhibitors in conjunction with known cancer drugs that work together synergistically, could improve cancer treatment outcomes. Targeting FOXM1 might prove especially beneficial in TNBC where few targeted therapies currently exist, and also in suppressing recurrent advanced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER2-positive breast cancers for which treatments with ER or HER2 targeted therapies that were effective initially are no longer beneficial. We present these perspectives and future directions in the context of what is known about FOXM1, its regulation, and its key roles in promoting cancer aggressiveness and metastasis, while being absent or very low in most normal non-regenerating adult tissues. We discuss new inhibitors of FOXM1 and highlight FOXM1 as an attractive target for controlling drug-resistant and difficult-to-suppress breast cancers, and how blocking FOXM1 might improve outcomes for patients with all subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Valeria Sanabria Guillen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Moore XTR, Gheghiani L, Fu Z. The Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Regulating the Forkhead Box Family Transcription Factors. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091344. [PMID: 37174744 PMCID: PMC10177174 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with more than 600 phosphorylation substrates through which it regulates many biological processes, including mitosis, apoptosis, metabolism, RNA processing, vesicle transport, and G2 DNA-damage checkpoint recovery, among others. Among the many PLK1 targets are members of the FOX family of transcription factors (FOX TFs), including FOXM1, FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXK1. FOXM1 and FOXK1 have critical oncogenic roles in cancer through their antagonism of apoptotic signals and their promotion of cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. In contrast, FOXO1 and FOXO3 have been identified to have broad functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss PLK1-mediated regulation of FOX TFs, highlighting the effects of PLK1 on the activity and stability of these proteins. In addition, we review the prognostic and clinical significance of these proteins in human cancers and, more importantly, the different approaches that have been used to disrupt PLK1 and FOX TF-mediated signaling networks. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PLK1-regulated FOX TFs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier T R Moore
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Lilia Gheghiani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Liu C, Kuang S, Wu L, Cheng Q, Gong X, Wu J, Zhang L. Radiotherapy and radio-sensitization in H3 K27M -mutated diffuse midline gliomas. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37157237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3K27M mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are extremely aggressive and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in pediatric brain tumors with 5-year survival <1%. Radiotherapy is the only established adjuvant treatment of H3K27M DMGs; however, the radio-resistance is commonly observed. METHODS We summarized current understandings of the molecular responses of H3K27M DMGs to radiotherapy and provide crucial insights into current advances in radiosensitivity enhancement. RESULTS Ionizing radiation (IR) can mainly inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing DNA damage regulated by the cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair (DDR) system. In H3K27M DMGs, the aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes, stemness genotype, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) disrupt the cell cycle checkpoints and DDR system by altering the associated regulatory signaling pathways, which leads to the development of radio-resistance. CONCLUSIONS The advances in mechanisms of radio-resistance in H3K27M DMGs promote the potential targets to enhance the sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Kuang
- Departments of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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21
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Cui W, Xie N, Lam EWF, Hahn-Stromberg V, Liu N, Zhang H, Sun XF. High expression of cytoplasmic FOXO3 protein associated with poor prognosis of rectal cancer patients: A study from Swedish clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy to big database analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15342. [PMID: 37131452 PMCID: PMC10149220 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence has implicated a pivotal role for FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 in cancer progression. The majority of researches focused on the functions of these proteins in drug resistance, but their relationships with radiotherapy (RT) response remain unclear. In this study, we examined protein expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 and their clinical significance in a Swedish rectal cancer trial of preoperative RT. Methods Expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in patient samples. Genetic analysis of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 were performed by cBioportal and MEXPRESS database. Gene-gene network analysis was conducted using GeneMANIA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on LinkedOmics and Metascape online software. Results FOXO3 and FOXM1were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm in both normal and tumour tissues, and SIRT6 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in normal and tumour tissues. FOXO3 and FOXM1 expression increased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001), while SIRT6 expression decreased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001). High FOXO3 expression correlated with late TNM stage (P = 0.040), distant metastasis (P = 0.032) and independently with disease free survival (DFS) in the RT patients (HR = 7.948; P = 0.049; 95% CI = 1.002-63.032) but not in non-RT patients (P > 0.05). Genetic analysis indicated that DNA methylation status contributed to FOXO3 overexpression. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that FOXO3 was closely related to metabolism-related signalling pathway which in turn associated with cancer radioresistance. Moreover, there were strong gene-gene interactions between FOXO3 and metabolism-related signalling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that FOXO3 may be a prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyingqi Cui
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Na Liu
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Corresponding author.Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Corresponding author. ;
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22
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Adams MN, Croft LV, Urquhart A, Saleem MAM, Rockstroh A, Duijf PHG, Thomas PB, Ferguson GP, Najib IM, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Nagaraj S, Williams ED, Nelson CC, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B) modulates the DNA damage and androgen-induced transcriptional response in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:628-640. [PMID: 36811381 PMCID: PMC10953336 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the DNA damage response impact the prostate cancer (PCa) treatment modalities of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy. Here, we have evaluated a role for human single-strand binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2) in modulation of the cellular response to androgens and ionizing radiation (IR). hSSB1 has defined roles in transcription and maintenance of genome stability, yet little is known about this protein in PCa. METHODS We correlated hSSB1 with measures of genomic instability across available PCa cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Microarray and subsequent pathway and transcription factor enrichment analysis were performed on LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that hSSB1 expression in PCa correlates with measures of genomic instability including multigene signatures and genomic scars that are reflective of defects in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks via homologous recombination. In response to IR-induced DNA damage, we demonstrate that hSSB1 regulates cellular pathways that control cell cycle progression and the associated checkpoints. In keeping with a role for hSSB1 in transcription, our analysis revealed that hSSB1 negatively modulates p53 and RNA polymerase II transcription in PCa. Of relevance to PCa pathology, our findings highlight a transcriptional role for hSSB1 in regulating the androgen response. We identified that AR function is predicted to be impacted by hSSB1 depletion, whereby this protein is required to modulate AR gene activity in PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a key role for hSSB1 in mediating the cellular response to androgen and DNA damage via modulation of transcription. Exploiting hSSB1 in PCa might yield benefits as a strategy to ensure a durable response to ADT and/or radiotherapy and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura V. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aaron Urquhart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Anja Rockstroh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Data ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Diamantina InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Genevieve P. Ferguson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Idris Mohd Najib
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Shivashankar Nagaraj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kenneth J. O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Cancer ServicesPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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23
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Maharjan S, Lee MG, Kim SY, Lee KS, Nam KS. Morin Sensitizes MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity by Suppressing FOXM1 and Attenuating EGFR/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050672. [PMID: 37242455 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable emphasis is being placed on combinatorial chemotherapeutic/natural treatments for breast cancer. This study reveals the synergistic anti-tumor activity of morin and Doxorubicin (Dox) co-treatment on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation. Morin/Dox treatment promoted Dox uptake and induced DNA damage and formation of nuclear foci of p-H2A.X. Furthermore, DNA repair proteins, RAD51 and survivin, and cell cycle proteins, cyclin B1 and forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), were induced by Dox alone but attenuated by morin/Dox co-treatment. In addition, Annexin V/7-AAD analysis revealed that necrotic cell death after co-treatment and apoptotic cell death by Dox alone were associated with the induction of cleaved PARP and caspase-7 without Bcl-2 family involvement. FOXM1 inhibition by thiostrepton showed that co-treatment caused FOXM1-mediated cell death. Furthermore, co-treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of EGFR and STAT3. Flow cytometry showed that the accumulation of cells in the G2/M and S phases might be linked to cellular Dox uptake, p21 upregulation, and cyclin D1 downregulation. Taken together, our study shows that the anti-tumor effect of morin/Dox co-treatment is due to the suppression of FOXM1 and attenuation of EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, which suggests that morin offers a means of improving therapeutic efficacy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maharjan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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24
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Qin Q, Chen H, Xu H, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang C, Liu J, Xu L, Sun X. FoxM1 knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer by inducing apoptosis. J Cancer 2023; 14:454-463. [PMID: 36860922 PMCID: PMC9969576 DOI: 10.7150/jca.76671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is a main reason for local recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is implicated in cancer progression and chemoresistance. This study aims to determine the role of FoxM1 in ESCC radioresistance. We found that FoxM1 protein was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In vitro assays revealed that following irradiation, Eca-109, TE-13, and KYSE-150 cells had increased levels of FoxM1 protein. FoxM1 knockdown resulted in significantly reduced colony formation and increased cell apoptosis following irradiation. Moreover, FoxM1 knockdown induced ESCC cells to accumulate in the radiosensitive G2 /M phase and impeded the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Mechanistic studies indicated that radiosensitization of ESCC enhanced by FoxM1 knockdown was associated with increased BAX/BCL2 ratio as well as downregulated Survivin and XIAP, followed by the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. In xenograft mouse model, the combination of radiation and FoxM1-shRNA led to a synergistic anti-tumor effect. In conclusion, FoxM1 is a promising target to enhance radiosensitivity of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huazhong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Xinchen Sun, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. Tel: +86 02568306093, Fax: +86 02568305700, E-mail: ; Liping Xu, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. Tel: +86 02568306093, E-mail:
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Xinchen Sun, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. Tel: +86 02568306093, Fax: +86 02568305700, E-mail: ; Liping Xu, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. Tel: +86 02568306093, E-mail:
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25
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Xu K, Zhang K, Ma J, Yang Q, Yang G, Zong T, Wang G, Yan B, Shengxia J, Chen C, Wang L, Wang H. CKAP4-mediated activation of FOXM1 via phosphorylation pathways regulates malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 29:101628. [PMID: 36701930 PMCID: PMC9883288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CKAP4 (Cytoskeleton Associated Protein 4) has been reported as an important regulator of carcinogenesis. A great deal of uncertainty still surrounds the possible molecular mechanism of CKAP4 involvement in GBM. We aimed to specifically elucidate the putative role of CKAP4 in the development of GBM. METHODS We identified divergent proteomics landscapes of GBM and adjacent normal tissues using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) led to the identification of CKAP4 as a hub gene. Based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data, we characterized the elevated expression of CKAP4 in GBM and developed a prognostic model. The influence of CKAP4 on malignant behavior of GBM was detected in vitro and vivo, as well as its downstream target and signaling pathways. RESULTS The prognosis model displayed accuracy and reliability for the probability of survival of patients with gliomas. CKAP4 knockdown remarkably reduced the malignant potential of GBM cells, whereas its overexpression reversed these effects in GBM cells and xenograft mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpression of CKAP4 leads to increased FOXM1 (Forkhead Box M1) expression in conjunction with an increased level of AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Inhibition of both pathways had synergistic effects, resulting in greater effectiveness of inhibition. CKAP4 could reverse the deregulation of FOXM1 triggered by inhibition of AKT and ERK signaling. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to reveal a CKAP4-FOXM1 signaling cascade that contributes to the malignant phenotype of GBMs. The CKAP4-based prognostic model would facilitate individualized treatment decisions for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaiqian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiying Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zong
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jule Shengxia
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Huijuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,Corresponding authors.
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26
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Kuthethur R, Adiga D, Kandettu A, Jerome MS, Mallya S, Mumbrekar KD, Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S. MiR-4521 perturbs FOXM1-mediated DNA damage response in breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1131433. [PMID: 37025658 PMCID: PMC10070856 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1131433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Forkhead (FOX) transcription factors are involved in cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, maintenance of tissues, and aging. Mutation or aberrant expression of FOX proteins is associated with developmental disorders and cancers. FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor, is a promoter of cell proliferation and accelerated development of breast adenocarcinomas, squamous carcinoma of the head, neck, and cervix, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. High FOXM1 expression is correlated with chemoresistance in patients treated with doxorubicin and Epirubicin by enhancing the DNA repair in breast cancer cells. Method: miRNA-seq identified downregulation of miR-4521 in breast cancer cell lines. Stable miR-4521 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) were developed to identify miR-4521 target gene and function in breast cancer. Results: Here, we showed that FOXM1 is a direct target of miR-4521 in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-4521 significantly downregulated FOXM1 expression in breast cancer cells. FOXM1 regulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage response in breast cancer. We showed that miR-4521 expression leads to increased ROS levels and DNA damage in breast cancer cells. FOXM1 plays a critical role in ROS scavenging and promotes stemness which contributes to drug resistance in breast cancer. We observed that breast cancer cells stably expressing miR-4521 lead to cell cycle arrest, impaired FOXM1 mediated DNA damage response leading to increased cell death in breast cancer cells. Additionally, miR-4521-mediated FOXM1 downregulation perturbs cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle progression, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal progression (EMT) in breast cancer. Discussion: High FOXM1 expression has been associated with radio and chemoresistance contributing to poor patient survival in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Our study showed that FOXM1 mediated DNA damage response could be targeted using miR-4521 mimics as a novel therapeutic for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amoolya Kandettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria Sona Jerome
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Sanjiban Chakrabarty,
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27
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Bao L, Festa F, Hirschler-Laszkiewicz I, Keefer K, Wang HG, Cheung JY, Miller BA. The human ion channel TRPM2 modulates migration and invasion in neuroblastoma through regulation of integrin expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20544. [PMID: 36446940 PMCID: PMC9709080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel TRPM2 is highly expressed in many cancers and involved in regulation of key physiological processes including mitochondrial function, bioenergetics, and oxidative stress. In Stage 4 non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma patients, high TRPM2 expression is associated with worse outcome. Here, neuroblastoma cells with high TRPM2 expression demonstrated increased migration and invasion capability. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting demonstrated that the mechanism involved significantly greater expression of integrins α1, αv, β1, and β5 in cells with high TRPM2 expression. Transcription factors HIF-1α, E2F1, and FOXM1, which bind promoter/enhancer regions of these integrins, were increased in cells with high TRPM2 expression. Subcellular fractionation confirmed high levels of α1, αv, and β1 membrane localization and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of α1β1, αvβ1, and αvβ5 complexes. Inhibitors of α1β1, αvβ1, and αvβ5 complexes significantly reduced migration and invasion in cells highly expressing TRPM2, confirming their functional role. Increased pAktSer473 and pERKThr202/Tyr204, which promote migration through mechanisms including integrin activation, were found in cells highly expressing TRPM2. TRPM2 promotes migration and invasion in neuroblastoma cells with high TRPM2 expression through modulation of integrins together with enhancing cell survival, negatively affecting patient outcome and providing rationale for TRPM2 inhibition in anti-neoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Fernanda Festa
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Iwona Hirschler-Laszkiewicz
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Kerry Keefer
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Barbara A. Miller
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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28
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Zhai C, Zhang N, Wang J, Cao M, Luan J, Liu H, zhang Q, Zhu Y, Xue Y, Li S. Activation of Autophagy Induces Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by FOXM1-Mediated FAK Phosphorylation. Lung 2022; 200:619-631. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Demirtas Korkmaz F, Dogan Turacli I, Esendagli G, Ekmekci A. Effects of thiostrepton alone or in combination with selumetinib on triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10387-10397. [PMID: 36097108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FoxM1 transcription factor contributes to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we examined the effects of FoxM1 inhibitor Thiostrepton (THIO) alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor Selumetinib (SEL) on metastatic parameters in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry was used to assess metastasis-related protein expressions in 4T1 cells and its allograft tumor model in BALB/c mice. In vivo uPA activity was determined by enzymatic methods. RESULTS Both inhibitors were effective on the expressions of FoxM1, ERK, p-ERK, Twist, E-cadherin, and Vimentin alone or in combination in vitro. THIO significantly decreased 4T1 cell migration and changed the cell morphology from mesenchymal-like to epithelial-like structure. THIO was more effective than in combination with SEL in terms of metastatic protein expressions in vivo. THIO alone significantly inhibited mean tumor growth, decreased lung metastasis rate and tumor foci, however, no significant changes in these parameters were observed in the combined group. Immunohistochemically, FoxM1 expression intensity was decreased with THIO and its combination with SEL in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that inhibiting FoxM1 as a single target is more effective than combined treatment with MEK in theTNBC allograft model. The therapeutic efficacy of THIO should be investigated with further studies on appropriate drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Demirtas Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey.
| | - Irem Dogan Turacli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guldal Esendagli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ekmekci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Xu P, Wang L, Liu Q, Gao P, Hu F, Xie X, Jiang L, Bi R, Ding F, Yang Q, Xiao H. The abnormal expression of circ-ARAP2 promotes ESCC progression through regulating miR-761/FOXM1 axis-mediated stemness and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Lab Invest 2022; 20:318. [PMID: 35842667 PMCID: PMC9287963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a novel class of noncoding RNA that gained more attention in human cancer pathogenesis. The role of circRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is largely unclear. Present investigation was to characterize new circRNAs regulating ESCC progression and explore the regulatory mechanisms in ESCC. In this study, circRNAs differentially expressed in ESCC and adjacent normal tissues were characterized via high-throughput sequencing. Then the differentially expressed circRNA between ESCC and adjacent normal tissues were investigated using Rt-qPCR. The role of circ-ARAP2 expression on tumor progression were detected in both in vivo and in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the relationships among circ-ARAP2, microRNA (miR)-761 and the cell cycle regulator Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1). The result of the expression profile analyses regarding human circRNAs in ESCC demonstrated that circ-ARAP2 was up-regulated significantly in both ESCC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation circ-ARAP2 suppressed ESCC proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis in both in vivo and in vitro. The data also suggested that miR-761 and FOXM1 were circ-ARAP2 downstream targets which were confirmed through luciferase reporter analysis. Overexpression of FOXM1 or inhibiting miR-761 restored ESCC cell proliferation and invasion ability after silencing circ-ARAP2. The study also found that circ-ARAP2 influenced the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells differently by regulating miR-761/FOXM1. In one word, the results demonstrated that abnormal circ-ARAP2 expression promoted ESCC progression by regulating miR-761/FOXM1 axis-mediated stemness and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pengkai Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lianyong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fangbao Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Haibo Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Healthspan extension in aged mice by cyclic induction of a FOXM1 transgene. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:377-378. [PMID: 37118072 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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32
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Ribeiro R, Macedo JC, Costa M, Ustiyan V, Shindyapina AV, Tyshkovskiy A, Gomes RN, Castro JP, Kalin TV, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Nascimento DS, Dmitriev SE, Gladyshev VN, Kalinichenko VV, Logarinho E. In vivo cyclic induction of the FOXM1 transcription factor delays natural and progeroid aging phenotypes and extends healthspan. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:397-411. [PMID: 37118067 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The FOXM1 transcription factor exhibits pleiotropic C-terminal transcriptional and N-terminal non-transcriptional functions in various biological processes critical for cellular homeostasis. We previously found that FOXM1 repression during cellular aging underlies the senescence phenotypes, which were vastly restored by overexpressing transcriptionally active FOXM1. Yet, it remains unknown whether increased expression of FOXM1 can delay organismal aging. Here, we show that in vivo cyclic induction of an N-terminal truncated FOXM1 transgene on progeroid and naturally aged mice offsets aging-associated repression of full-length endogenous Foxm1, reinstating both transcriptional and non-transcriptional functions. This translated into mitigation of several cellular aging hallmarks, as well as molecular and histopathological progeroid features of the short-lived Hutchison-Gilford progeria mouse model, significantly extending its lifespan. FOXM1 transgene induction also reinstated endogenous Foxm1 levels in naturally aged mice, delaying aging phenotypes while extending their lifespan. Thus, we disclose that FOXM1 genetic rewiring can delay senescence-associated progeroid and natural aging pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ribeiro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Macedo
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Costa
- Anatomy Department, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita N Gomes
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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The human ion channel TRPM2 modulates cell survival in neuroblastoma through E2F1 and FOXM1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6311. [PMID: 35428820 PMCID: PMC9012789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is highly expressed in cancer and has an essential function in preserving viability through maintenance of mitochondrial function and antioxidant response. Here, the role of TRPM2 in cell survival was examined in neuroblastoma cells with TRPM2 deletion with CRISPR technology. Viability was significantly decreased in TRPM2 knockout after doxorubicin treatment. RNA sequence analysis and RT-qPCR revealed reduced RNAs encoding master transcription regulators FOXM1 and E2F1/2 and downstream cell cycle targets including Cyclin B1, CDK1, PLK1, and CKS1. CHIP analysis demonstrated decreased FOXM1 binding to their promoters. Western blotting confirmed decreased expression, and increased expression of CDK inhibitor p21, a CKS1 target. In cells with TRPM2 deletion, cell cycle progression to S and G2/M phases was reduced after treatment with doxorubicin. RNA sequencing also identified decreased DNA repair proteins in cells with TRPM2 deletion after doxorubicin treatment, and DNA damage was increased. Wild type TRPM2, but not Ca2+-impermeable mutant E960D, restored live cell number and reconstituted expression of E2F1, FOXM1, and cell cycle/DNA repair proteins. FOXM1 expression alone restored viability. TRPM2 is a potential therapeutic target to reduce tumor proliferation and increase doxorubicin sensitivity through modulation of FOXM1, E2F1, and cell cycle/DNA repair proteins.
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Wilkinson E, Cui YH, He YY. Roles of RNA Modifications in Diverse Cellular Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:828683. [PMID: 35350378 PMCID: PMC8957929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.828683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of RNA molecules regulate both RNA metabolism and fate. The deposition and function of these modifications are mediated by the actions of writer, reader, and eraser proteins. At the cellular level, RNA modifications regulate several cellular processes including cell death, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, migration, metabolism, autophagy, the DNA damage response, and liquid-liquid phase separation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RNA modifications play active roles in the physiology and etiology of multiple diseases due to their pervasive roles in cellular functions. Here, we will summarize recent advances in the regulatory and functional role of RNA modifications in these cellular functions, emphasizing the context-specific roles of RNA modifications in mammalian systems. As m6A is the best studied RNA modification in biological processes, this review will summarize the emerging advances on the diverse roles of m6A in cellular functions. In addition, we will also provide an overview for the cellular functions of other RNA modifications, including m5C and m1A. Furthermore, we will also discuss the roles of RNA modifications within the context of disease etiologies and highlight recent advances in the development of therapeutics that target RNA modifications. Elucidating these context-specific functions will increase our understanding of how these modifications become dysregulated during disease pathogenesis and may provide new opportunities for improving disease prevention and therapy by targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Estrogen Receptor-Beta2 (ERβ2)-Mutant p53-FOXM1 Axis: A Novel Driver of Proliferation, Chemoresistance, and Disease Progression in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051120. [PMID: 35267428 PMCID: PMC8909529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer without effective therapeutic options. The high prevalence of mutations (~96%) in tumor suppressor p53 is a hallmark of HGSOC. Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) has been reported to be another important player in HGSOC, although the pro-versus anti-tumorigenic role of its different isoforms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the crosstalk between ERβ and mutant p53 and its impact on the pro-tumorigenic processes in HGSOC. Using the HGSOC cell line models and patient tumor tissue specimens, we demonstrated functional interaction between the ERβ2 isoform and mutant p53 and their ability to co-dependently increase FOXM1 gene transcription, decrease cell death, increase cell proliferation, and mediate resistance to carboplatin treatment. Furthermore, high levels of ERβ2 as well as FOXM1 correlated with worse patient survival. Collectively, our data suggest that the ERβ2-mutant p53-FOXM1 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for HGSOC. Abstract High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Prevalence (~96%) of mutant p53 is a hallmark of HGSOC. Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) has been reported to be another important player in HGSOC, although the pro-versus anti-tumorigenic role of its different isoforms remains unsettled. However, whether there is functional interaction between ERβ and mutant p53 in HGSOC is unknown. ERβ1 and ERβ2 mRNA and protein analysis in HGSOC cell lines demonstrated that ERβ2 is the predominant isoform in HGSOC. Specificity of ERβ2 antibody was ascertained using cells depleted of ERβ2 and ERβ1 separately with isoform-specific siRNAs. ERβ2-mutant p53 interaction in cell lines was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Expression levels of ERβ2, ERα, p53, and FOXM1 proteins and ERβ2-mutant p53 interaction in patient tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PLA, respectively. ERβ2 levels correlate positively with FOXM1 levels and negatively with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) and mRNA expression analysis revealed that ERβ2 and mutant p53 co-dependently regulated FOXM1 gene transcription. The combination of ERβ2-specific siRNA and PRIMA-1MET that converts mutant p53 to wild type conformation increased apoptosis. Our work provides the first evidence for a novel ERβ2-mutant p53-FOXM1 axis that can be exploited for new therapeutic strategies against HGSOC.
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Shih PC. The role of the STAT3 signaling transduction pathways in radioresistance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108118. [PMID: 35085605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of radiotherapy has long known to be limited by the emergence of resistance. The four Rs of radiotherapy (DNA damage repair, reoxygenation, redistribution of the cell cycle, and repopulation) are generally accepted concepts in radiobioolgy. Recent studies have strongly linked signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the regulation of cancer stemness and radioresistance. In particular, a STAT3 pathway inhibitor napabucasin, claimed to be the first cancer stemness antagonist in clinical trials, strengthens the link. However, no reviews connect STAT3 with the four Rs of radiotherapy. Herein, the evidence-based role of STAT3 in radioresistance is discussed in relation to the four Rs of radiotherapy. The proposed mechanisms include upstream and downstream effector proteins of STAT3, including FOXM1, MELK, NEK2, AKT, EZH2, and HIF1α. Downstream transcriptional products of the mechanistically-related proteins are involved in cancer stemness, anti-apoptosis, and the four Rs of radiotherapy. Utilizing selective inhibitors of the mechanistically-related proteins has shown promising antagonism of radioresistance, suggesting that the expression levels of these proteins may be biomarkers for the prediction of radiotherapeutic outcomes, and that this molecular mechanism may provide a rational axis through which to treat radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Shih
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Martins LJ, Szaniawski MA, Williams ESCP, Coiras M, Hanley TM, Planelles V. HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Impart a Modest Interferon Response and Upregulate Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Macrophages. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020163. [PMID: 35215107 PMCID: PMC8878269 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells is associated with the induction of an IFN response. How HIV-1 manipulates and subverts the IFN response is of key interest for the design of therapeutics to improve immune function and mitigate immune dysregulation in people living with HIV. HIV-1 accessory genes function to improve viral fitness by altering host pathways in ways that enable transmission to occur without interference from the immune response. We previously described changes in transcriptomes from HIV-1 infected and from IFN-stimulated macrophages and noted that transcription of IFN-regulated genes and genes related to cell cycle processes were upregulated during HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we sought to define the roles of individual viral accessory genes in upregulation of IFN-regulated and cell cycle-related genes using RNA sequencing. We observed that Vif induces a set of genes involved in mitotic processes and that these genes are potently downregulated upon stimulation with type-I and -II IFNs. Vpr also upregulated cell cycle-related genes and was largely responsible for inducing an attenuated IFN response. We note that the induced IFN response most closely resembled a type-III IFN response. Vpu and Nef-regulated smaller sets of genes whose transcriptomic signatures upon infection related to cytokine and chemokine processes. This work provides more insight regarding processes that are manipulated by HIV-1 accessory proteins at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Martins
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
| | - Matthew A. Szaniawski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISDIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Timothy M. Hanley
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (T.M.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.J.M.); (E.S.C.P.W.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.H.); (V.P.)
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Campos JTADM, Oliveira MSD, Soares LP, Medeiros KAD, Campos LRDS, Lima JG. DNA repair-related genes and adipogenesis: Lessons from congenital lipodystrophies. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220086. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Transcription Regulation and Genome Rewiring Governing Sensitivity and Resistance to FOXM1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246282. [PMID: 34944900 PMCID: PMC8699539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), an oncogenic transcription factor associated with aggressiveness and highly expressed in many cancers, is an emerging therapeutic target. Using novel 1,1-diarylethylene-diammonium small molecule FOXM1 inhibitors, we undertook transcriptomic, protein, and functional analyses to identify mechanisms by which these compounds impact breast cancer growth and survival, and the changes that occur in estrogen receptor (ERα)-positive and triple negative breast cancer cells that acquire resistance upon long-term treatment with the inhibitors. In sensitive cells, these compounds regulated FOXM1 gene networks controlling cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. Resistant cells showed transcriptional alterations that reversed the expression of many genes in the FOXM1 network and rewiring that enhanced inflammatory signaling and upregulated HER2 or EGFR growth factor pathways. ERα-positive breast cancer cells that developed resistance showed greatly reduced ERα levels and responsiveness to fulvestrant and a 10-fold increased sensitivity to lapatinib, suggesting that targeting rewired processes in the resistant state may provide benefits and prolong anticancer effectiveness. Improved understanding of how FOXM1 inhibitors suppress breast cancer and how cancer cells can defeat their effectiveness and acquire resistance should be helpful in directing further studies to move these agents towards translation into the clinic.
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Aranza-Martínez A, Sánchez-Pérez J, Brito-Elias L, López-Camarillo C, Cantú de León D, Pérez-Plasencia C, López-Urrutia E. Non-Coding RNAs Associated With Radioresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752270. [PMID: 34804940 PMCID: PMC8599982 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance that Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, develops against radiotherapy is a complex phenomenon involving several regulators of cell metabolism and gene expression; understanding it is the only way to overcome it. We focused this review on the contribution of the two leading classes of regulatory non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), against ionizing radiation-based therapies. We found that these regulatory RNAs are mainly associated with DNA damage response, cell death, and cell cycle regulation, although they regulate other processes like cell signaling and metabolism. Several regulatory RNAs regulate multiple pathways simultaneously, such as miR-139-5p, the miR-15 family, and the lncRNA HOTAIR. On the other hand, proteins such as CHK1 and WEE1 are targeted by several regulatory RNAs simultaneously. Interestingly, the study of miRNA/lncRNA/mRNA regulation axes increases, opening new avenues for understanding radioresistance. Many of the miRNAs and lncRNAs that we reviewed here can be used as molecular markers or targeted by upcoming therapeutic options, undoubtedly contributing to a better prognosis for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aranza-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Julio Sánchez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Luis Brito-Elias
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú de León
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo López-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Insights into Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity: Transcriptional Profiling of Chemoresistant MPM Cell Subpopulations Reveals Involvement of NFkB and DNA Repair Pathways and Contributes a Prognostic Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112071. [PMID: 34769499 PMCID: PMC8585077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a hallmark of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) management and the expression of ALDH1A3 is responsible for the survival and activity of MPM chemoresistant cell subpopulations (ALDHbright cells). We enriched mesothelioma ALDHbright cells to near homogeneity by FACS sorting and an Aldefluor assay and performed unbiased Affymetrix gene expression profiling. Viability and ELISA assays were used to rule out significant apoptosis in the sorted cell subpopulations and to assess target engagement by butein. Statistical analysis of the results, pathway enrichment and promoter enrichment were employed for the generation of the data. Q-RTPCR was used to validate a subset of the identified, modulated mRNAs In this work, we started from the observation that the mRNA levels of the ALDH1A3 isoform could prognostically stratify MPM patients. Thus, we purified MPM ALDHbright cells from NCI-H2595 cells and interrogated their gene expression (GES) profile. We analyzed the GES of the purified cells at both a steady state and upon treatment with butein (a multifunctional tetrahydroxy-chalcone), which abates the ALDHbright cell number, thereby exerting chemo-sensitizing effects in vitro and in vivo. We identified 924 genes modulated in a statistically significant manner as a function of ALDH status and of the response to the inhibitor. Pathway and promoter enrichment identified the molecular determinant of high ALDH status and how butein treatment altered the molecular portrait of those chemoresistant cell subpopulations. Further, we unraveled an eighteen-gene signature with high prognostic significance for MPM patients, and showed that most of the identified prognostic contributors escaped the analysis of unfractionated samples. This work proves that digging into the unexplored field of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) by working at the cell subpopulation level may provide findings of prognostic relevance, in addition to mechanistic insights into tumor resistance to therapy.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Dong X, Zhou G, Sang Y, Gao L, Zhou X, Sun Z. DNA methylation changes induced by BDE-209 are related to DNA damage response and germ cell development in GC-2spd. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:161-170. [PMID: 34607665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is generally utilized in multiple polymer materials as common brominated flame retardant. BDE-209 has been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which was considered to be reproductive toxin in the environment. But it still remains unclear about the effects of BDE-209 on DNA methylation and the induced-male reproductive toxicity. Due to the extensive epigenetic regulation in germ line development, we hypothesize that BDE-209 exposure impacts the statue of DNA methylation in spermatocytes in vitro. Therefore, the mouse GC-2spd (GC-2) cells were used for the genome wide DNA methylation analysis after treated with 32 μg/mL BDE-209 for 24 hr. The results showed that BDE-209 caused genomic methylation changes with 32,083 differentially methylated CpGs in GC-2 cells, including 16,164 (50.38%) hypermethylated and 15,919 (49.62%) hypomethylated sites. With integrated analysis of DNA methylation data and functional enrichment, we found that BDE-209 might affect the functional transcription in cell growth and sperm development by differential gene methylation. qRT-PCR validation demonstrated the involvement of p53-dependent DNA damage response in the GC-2 cells after BDE-209 exposure. In general, our findings indicated that BDE-209-induced genome wide methylation changes could be interrelated with reproductive dysfunction. This study might provide new insights into the mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity under the environmental exposure to BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Experimental Center for basic medical teaching, Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yujian Sang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Leqiang Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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43
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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. Integrated in silico analysis for the identification of key genes and signaling pathways in copper oxide nanoparticles toxicity. Toxicology 2021; 463:152984. [PMID: 34627989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are used in various industrial and commercial products due to their enhanced physicochemical properties. The vast consumption increases their exposure in the environment, thereby affecting the ecosystem. Even with the rise in research towards understanding their toxicity, the major signaling cascades and key genes involved in CuO-NPs remain elusive due to the various attributes involved (size, shape, charge, coating in terms of nanoparticles, and dose, duration, and species used in the experiment). The focus of the study is to identify the key signaling cascades and genes involved in CuO-NPs toxicity irrespective of these attributes. CuO-NPs related microarray expression profiles were screened from GEO database and were subjected to toxicogenomic analysis to elucidate the toxicity mechanism. In silico tools were used to obtain the DEGs, followed by GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis. The identified DEGs were then analyzed to determine major signaling pathways and key genes. Module and centrality parameter analysis was performed to identify the key genes. Further, the miRNAs and transcription factors involved in regulating the genes were predicted, and their interactive pathways were constructed. A total of 44 DEGs were commonly present in all the analysed datasets and all of them were downregulated. GO analysis reveals that most of the genes were enriched in functions related to cell division and chemotaxis. Cell-cycle, chemokine, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and p53 signaling pathways were the key pathways with Cdk1 as the major biomarker altered irrespective of the variables (dosage, duration, species used, and surface coating). Overall, our integrated toxicogenomic analysis reveal that Cdk1 regulated cell cycle and cytokine-cytokine signaling cascades might be responsible for CuO-NPs toxicity. These findings will help us in understanding the mechanisms involved in NPs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeswaran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
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44
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Handley KF, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Ma S, Stur E, Joseph R, Bayraktar E, Dasari SK, Nguyen N, Powell RT, Sobieski M, Ivan C, Kim M, Umamaheswaran S, Glassman D, Wen Y, Amero P, Stephan C, Coleman RL, Landesman Y, Westin SN, Ram PT, Sood AK. Rational Combination of CRM1 Inhibitor Selinexor and Olaparib Shows Synergy in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Mouse Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2352-2361. [PMID: 34583979 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CRM1 inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor effects in ovarian and other cancers; however, rational combinations are largely unexplored. We performed a high-throughput drug library screen to identify drugs that might combine well with selinexor in ovarian cancer. Next, we tested the combination of selinexor with the top hit from the drug screen in vitro and in vivo Finally, we assessed for mechanisms underlying the identified synergy using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA). The drug library screen assessing 688 drugs identified olaparib (a PARP inhibitor) as the most synergistic combination with selinexor. Synergy was further demonstrated by MTT assays. In the A2780luc ip1 mouse model, the combination of selinexor and olaparib yielded significantly lower tumor weight and fewer tumor nodules compared with the control group (P < 0.04 and P < 0.03). In the OVCAR5 mouse model, the combination yielded significantly fewer nodules (P = 0.006) and markedly lower tumor weight compared with the control group (P = 0.059). RPPA analysis indicated decreased expression of DNA damage repair proteins and increased expression of tumor suppressor proteins in the combination treatment group. Collectively, our preclinical findings indicate that combination with selinexor to expand the utility and efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Handley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elaine Stur
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh K Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Reid T Powell
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary Sobieski
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Kim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sujanitha Umamaheswaran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deanna Glassman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford Stephan
- HTS Screening Core, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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45
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Chesnokov MS, Borhani S, Halasi M, Arbieva Z, Khan I, Gartel AL. FOXM1-AKT Positive Regulation Loop Provides Venetoclax Resistance in AML. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696532. [PMID: 34381718 PMCID: PMC8350342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a crucial regulator of cancer development and chemoresistance. It is often overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor survival and reduced efficacy of cytarabine therapy. Molecular mechanisms underlying high FOXM1 expression levels in malignant cells are still unclear. Here we demonstrate that AKT and FOXM1 constitute a positive autoregulatory loop in AML cells that sustains high activity of both pro-oncogenic regulators. Inactivation of either AKT or FOXM1 signaling results in disruption of whole loop, coordinated suppression of FOXM1 or AKT, respectively, and similar transcriptomic changes. AML cells with inhibited AKT activity or stable FOXM1 knockdown display increase in HOXA genes expression and BCL2L1 suppression that are associated with prominent sensitization to treatment with Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Taken together, our data indicate that AKT and FOXM1 in AML cells should not be evaluated as single independent regulators but as two parts of a common FOXM1-AKT positive feedback circuit. We also report for the first time that FOXM1 inactivation can overcome AML venetoclax resistance. Thus, targeting FOXM1-AKT loop may open new possibilities in overcoming AML drug resistance and improving outcomes for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Chesnokov
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Soheila Borhani
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marianna Halasi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- Genome Research Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Irum Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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46
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Novel FOXM1 inhibitor identified via gene network analysis induces autophagic FOXM1 degradation to overcome chemoresistance of human cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:704. [PMID: 34262016 PMCID: PMC8280155 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncogene and a master regulator of chemoresistance in multiple cancers. Pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 is a promising approach but has proven to be challenging. We performed a network-centric transcriptomic analysis to identify a novel compound STL427944 that selectively suppresses FOXM1 by inducing the relocalization of nuclear FOXM1 protein to the cytoplasm and promoting its subsequent degradation by autophagosomes. Human cancer cells treated with STL427944 exhibit increased sensitivity to cytotoxic effects of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments (platinum-based agents, 5-fluorouracil, and taxanes). RNA-seq analysis of STL427944-induced gene expression changes revealed prominent suppression of gene signatures characteristic for FOXM1 and its downstream targets but no significant changes in other important regulatory pathways, thereby suggesting high selectivity of STL427944 toward the FOXM1 pathway. Collectively, the novel autophagy-dependent mode of FOXM1 suppression by STL427944 validates a unique pathway to overcome tumor chemoresistance and improve the efficacy of treatment with conventional cancer drugs.
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47
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Liu C, Barger CJ, Karpf AR. FOXM1: A Multifunctional Oncoprotein and Emerging Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3065. [PMID: 34205406 PMCID: PMC8235333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a member of the conserved forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family. Over the last two decades, FOXM1 has emerged as a multifunctional oncoprotein and a robust biomarker of poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In this review article, we address the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of regulation and oncogenic functions of FOXM1, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. FOXM1 and its associated oncogenic transcriptional signature are enriched in >85% of ovarian cancer cases and FOXM1 expression and activity can be enhanced by a plethora of genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. As a master transcriptional regulator, FOXM1 promotes critical oncogenic phenotypes in ovarian cancer, including: (1) cell proliferation, (2) invasion and metastasis, (3) chemotherapy resistance, (4) cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, (5) genomic instability, and (6) altered cellular metabolism. We additionally discuss the evidence for FOXM1 as a cancer biomarker, describe the rationale for FOXM1 as a cancer therapeutic target, and provide an overview of therapeutic strategies used to target FOXM1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68918-6805, USA; (C.L.); (C.J.B.)
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48
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Stanzani E, Pedrosa L, Bourmeau G, Anezo O, Noguera-Castells A, Esteve-Codina A, Passoni L, Matteoli M, de la Iglesia N, Seano G, Martínez-Soler F, Tortosa A. Dual Role of Integrin Alpha-6 in Glioblastoma: Supporting Stemness in Proneural Stem-Like Cells While Inducing Radioresistance in Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123055. [PMID: 34205341 PMCID: PMC8235627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are responsible for most of the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma, including therapeutic resistance, tumour recurrence, and tumour cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, increased understanding of the mechanisms regulating GSCs aggressiveness may help to improve patients’ outcomes. Here, we investigated the role of integrin a6 in controlling stemness and resistance to radiotherapy across proneural and mesenchymal molecular subtypes. We observed that integrin a6 had a clear role in stemness maintenance in proneural but not in mesenchymal GSCs. In addition, we proved a crucial role of integrin a6 in supporting mesenchymal GSCs resistance to ionizing radiation. Finally, we highlighted that integrin a6 may control different stem-associated features in GSCs, depending on the molecular subtype. The inhibition of integrin a6 limits stem-like malignant characteristics in both GSCs subtypes and thus may potentially control tumour relapse following conventional treatment. Abstract Therapeutic resistance after multimodal therapy is the most relevant cause of glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. Extensive cellular heterogeneity, mainly driven by the presence of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), strongly correlates with patients’ prognosis and limited response to therapies. Defining the mechanisms that drive stemness and control responsiveness to therapy in a GSC-specific manner is therefore essential. Here we investigated the role of integrin a6 (ITGA6) in controlling stemness and resistance to radiotherapy in proneural and mesenchymal GSCs subtypes. Using cell sorting, gene silencing, RNA-Seq, and in vitro assays, we verified that ITGA6 expression seems crucial for proliferation and stemness of proneural GSCs, while it appears not to be relevant in mesenchymal GSCs under basal conditions. However, when challenged with a fractionated protocol of radiation therapy, comparable to that used in the clinical setting, mesenchymal GSCs were dependent on integrin a6 for survival. Specifically, GSCs with reduced levels of ITGA6 displayed a clear reduction of DNA damage response and perturbation of cell cycle pathways. These data indicate that ITGA6 inhibition is able to overcome the radioresistance of mesenchymal GSCs, while it reduces proliferation and stemness in proneural GSCs. Therefore, integrin a6 controls crucial characteristics across GBM subtypes in GBM heterogeneous biology and thus may represent a promising target to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stanzani
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Correspondence: or (E.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Haematology and Oncology Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (N.d.l.I.)
| | - Guillaume Bourmeau
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Oceane Anezo
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Aleix Noguera-Castells
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Departament of Medicine, CELLEX Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- Functional Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Passoni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, c/o Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Núria de la Iglesia
- Haematology and Oncology Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (N.d.l.I.)
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: or (E.S.); (A.T.)
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Guardamagna I, Lonati L, Savio M, Stivala LA, Ottolenghi A, Baiocco G. An Integrated Analysis of the Response of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells to X-Ray Exposure. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688919. [PMID: 34150657 PMCID: PMC8209426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the three top cancer types for incidence and the second in terms of mortality, usually managed with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In particular, radiotherapeutic concepts are crucial for the management of advanced rectal cancer, but patients’ survival remains poor, despite advances in treatment modalities. The use of well-characterized in vitro cell culture systems offers an important preclinical strategy to study mechanisms at the basis of cell response to therapeutic agents, including ionizing radiation, possibly leading to a better understanding of the in vivo response to the treatment. In this context, we present an integrated analysis of results obtained in an extensive measurement campaign of radiation effects on Caco-2 cells, derived from human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cells were exposed to X-rays with doses up to 10 Gy from a radiotherapy accelerator. We measured a variety of endpoints at different post-irradiation times: clonogenic survival after ~ 2 weeks; cell cycle distribution, cell death, frequency of micronucleated cells and atypical mitoses, activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and of different proteins involved in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation at earlier time points, up to 48 h post-exposure. Combined techniques of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, gelatin zymography and western blotting were used. For selected endpoints, we also addressed the impact of the irradiation protocol, comparing results obtained when cells are plated before irradiation or first-irradiated and then re-plated. Caco-2 resistance to radiation, previously assessed up to 72 h post exposure in terms of cell viability, does not translate into a high clonogenic survival. Survival is not affected by the irradiation protocol, while endpoints measured on a shorter time frame are. Radiation mainly induces a G2-phase arrest, confirmed by associated molecular markers. The activation of death pathways is dose- and time-dependent, and correlates with a dose-dependent inhibition of MMPs. Genomic aberrations are also found to be dose-dependent. The phosphorylated forms of several proteins involved in cell cycle regulation increase following exposure; the key regulator FoxM1 appears to be downregulated, also leading to inhibition of MMP-2. A unified molecular model of the chain of events initiated by radiation is proposed to interpret all experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Guardamagna
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lonati
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Savio
- Immunology and General Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia A Stivala
- Immunology and General Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ottolenghi
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- Laboratory of Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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50
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Prognostic value of the 6-gene OncoMasTR test in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer: Comparative analysis with standard clinicopathological factors. Eur J Cancer 2021; 152:78-89. [PMID: 34090143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic performance of a 6-gene molecular score (OncoMasTR Molecular Score [OMm]) and a composite risk score (OncoMasTR Risk Score [OM]) and to conduct a within-patient comparison against four routinely used molecular and clinicopathological risk assessment tools: Oncotype DX Recurrence Score, Ki67, Nottingham Prognostic Index and Clinical Risk Category, based on the modified Adjuvant! Online definition and three risk factors: patient age, tumour size and grade. METHODS Biospecimens and clinicopathological information for 404 Irish women also previously enrolled in the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment [Rx] were provided by 11 participating hospitals, as the primary objective of an independent translational study. Gene expression measured via RT-qPCR was used to calculate OMm and OM. The prognostic value for distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) and invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided ones. RESULTS OMm and OM (both with likelihood ratio statistic [LRS] P < 0.001; C indexes = 0.84 and 0.85, respectively) were more prognostic for DRFS and provided significant additional prognostic information to all other assessment tools/factors assessed (all LRS P ≤ 0.002). In addition, the OM correctly classified more patients with distant recurrences (DRs) into the high-risk category than other risk classification tools. Similar results were observed for IDFS. DISCUSSION Both OncoMasTR scores were significantly prognostic for DRFS and IDFS and provided additional prognostic information to the molecular and clinicopathological risk factors/tools assessed. OM was also the most accurate risk classification tool for identifying DR. A concise 6-gene signature with superior risk stratification was shown to increase prognosis reliability, which may help clinicians optimise treatment decisions.
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