1
|
Truong CD, Ton TT. The relation between coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed dysglycemia. Perfusion 2023; 38:1428-1435. [PMID: 35817752 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a known association between hyperglycemia and the presence of coronary syndrome. The purpose of this work is to study risk factors and clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease. METHODS The study was conducted in 2018-2020 among 505 patients in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Based on the results of the glucose test at 0 and 120 min, the patients were divided into the groups: with normal glucose metabolism (control, 204), patients with impaired fasting glucose levels (175 patients, group 2), and patients with impaired glucose tolerance, including diabetes mellitus (126, group 3). Anthropometric measurements were performed, and the levels of hemoglobin HbA, glucose, lipids were measured. RESULTS In the group of patients with fasting hyperinsulinemia, all variables (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, LAP, creatinine clearance) differed considerably as compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.0001). Decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin is already present at normal levels of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The study found that diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are more typical for patients with metabolic syndrome and acute coronary syndrome. The results obtained will allow predicting the risk of developing coronary syndrome depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cam Dinh Truong
- Cardiovascular Department, Military Hospital 175, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tung Thanh Ton
- Emergency Department, Military Hospital 175, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis in humans beyond brown adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:338-347. [PMID: 36774412 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to low ambient temperatures has previously been demonstrated to markedly improve glucose homeostasis in both rodents and humans. Although the brown adipose tissue is key in mediating these beneficial effects in rodents, its contribution appears more limited in humans. Hence, the exact tissues and underlying mechanisms that mediate cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis in humans remain to be fully established. In this review, we evaluated the response of the main organs involved in glucose metabolism (i.e. pancreas, liver, (white) adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) to cold exposure and discuss their potential contribution to cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis in humans. We here show that cold exposure has widespread effects on metabolic organs involved in glucose regulation. Nevertheless, cold-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis appear primarily mediated via adaptations within the skeletal muscle and (presumably) white adipose tissue. Since the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, future studies should be aimed at pinpointing the exact physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in humans. Nonetheless, cold exposure holds great promise as a novel, additive lifestyle approach to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant individuals. Parts of this graphical abstract were created using (modified) images from Servier Medical Art, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. TG = thermogenesis, TAG = triacylglycerol, FFA = free fatty acid, SLN = sarcolipin, UCP3 = uncoupling protein 3, β2-AR = beta-2 adrenergic receptor, SNS = sympathetic nervous system.
Collapse
|
3
|
Raj RR, Lofquist S, Lee MJ. Remodeling of Adipose Tissues by Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Update on Browning and Thermogenesis by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Pharm Res 2023; 40:467-480. [PMID: 36050546 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing thermogenesis by increasing the amount and activity of brown and brite adipocytes is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its associated diseases. Diet plays important roles in energy metabolism and a myriad of dietary components including lipids are known to regulate thermogenesis through recruitment and activation of brown and brite adipocytes. Depending on types of fatty acids (FAs), the major constituent in lipids, their health benefits differ. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs remodel adipose tissues in a healthier manner with reduced inflammation and enhanced thermogenesis, while saturated FAs exhibit contrasting effects. Lipid mediators derived from FAs act as autocrine/paracrine as well as endocrine factors to regulate thermogenesis. We discuss lipid mediators that may contribute to the differential effects of FAs on adipose tissue remodeling and hence, cardiometabolic diseases. We also discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which n-3 PUFAs enhance thermogenesis. Elucidating molecular details of beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on thermogenesis is expected to provide information that can be used for development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman Raj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Sydney Lofquist
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 98622, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Janovska P, Zouhar P, Bardova K, Otahal J, Vrbacky M, Mracek T, Adamcova K, Lenkova L, Funda J, Cajka T, Drahota Z, Stanic S, Rustan AC, Horakova O, Houstek J, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J. Impairment of adrenergically-regulated thermogenesis in brown fat of obesity-resistant mice is compensated by non-shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101683. [PMID: 36720306 PMCID: PMC9922683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) can be activated via the adrenergic system in response to cold or diet, contributing to both thermal and energy homeostasis. Other mechanisms, including metabolism of skeletal muscle, may also be involved in NST. However, relative contribution of these energy dissipating pathways and their adaptability remain a matter of long-standing controversy. METHODS We used warm-acclimated (30 °C) mice to characterize the effect of an up to 7-day cold acclimation (6 °C; CA) on thermoregulatory thermogenesis, comparing inbred mice with a genetic background conferring resistance (A/J) or susceptibility (C57BL/6 J) to obesity. RESULTS Both warm-acclimated C57BL/6 J and A/J mice exhibited similar cold endurance, assessed as a capability to maintain core body temperature during acute exposure to cold, which improved in response to CA, resulting in comparable cold endurance and similar induction of UCP1 protein in BAT of mice of both genotypes. Despite this, adrenergic NST in BAT was induced only in C57BL/6 J, not in A/J mice subjected to CA. Cold tolerance phenotype of A/J mice subjected to CA was not based on increased shivering, improved insulation, or changes in physical activity. On the contrary, lipidomic, proteomic and gene expression analyses along with palmitoyl carnitine oxidation and cytochrome c oxidase activity revealed induction of lipid oxidation exclusively in skeletal muscle of A/J mice subjected to CA. These changes appear to be related to skeletal muscle NST, mediated by sarcolipin-induced uncoupling of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity and accentuated by changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes assembly. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NST in skeletal muscle could be adaptively augmented in the face of insufficient adrenergic NST in BAT, depending on the genetic background of the mice. It may provide both protection from cold and resistance to obesity, more effectively than BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Otahal
- Laboratory of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacky
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism and Laboratory of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Stanic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houstek
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chronic docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves metabolic plasticity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of aged obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109153. [PMID: 36150680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the potential beneficial effects of chronic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on restoring subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) plasticity in obese aged female mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received a control (CT) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, 6-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into the DIO and the DIOMEG group (fed with a DHA-enriched HFD) up to 18 months. In scWAT, the DHA-enriched diet reduced the mean adipocyte size and reversed the upregulation of lipogenic genes induced by the HFD, reaching values even lower than those observed in CT animals. DIO mice exhibited an up-regulation of lipolytic and fatty oxidation gene expressions that was reversed in DHA-supplemented mice except for Cpt1a mRNA levels, which were higher in DIOMEG as compared to CT mice. DHA restored the increase of proinflammatory genes observed in scWAT of DIO mice. While no changes were observed in total macrophage F4/80+/CD11b+ content, the DHA treatment switched scWAT macrophages profile by reducing the M1 marker Cd11c and increasing the M2 marker CD206. These events occurred alongside with a stimulation of beige adipocyte specific genes, the restoration of UCP1 and pAKT/AKT ratio, and a recovery of the HFD-induced Fgf21 upregulation. In summary, DHA supplementation induced a metabolic remodeling of scWAT to a healthier phenotype in aged obese mice by modulating genes controlling lipid accumulation in adipocytes, reducing the inflammatory status, and inducing beige adipocyte markers in obese aged mice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Amycenone reduces excess body weight and attenuates hyperlipidaemia by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation in KK- Ay obese diabetic mice. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e55. [PMID: 35836693 PMCID: PMC9274390 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and hyperlipidaemia cause severe health problems and have social implications. Amycenone is an active substance extracted from Yamabushitake mushrooms with no reports of its activity against excess body weight and hyperlipidaemia. This research clarifies the effects and mechanisms of action of amycenone on the inhibition of body weight excess and hyperlipidaemia attenuation using KK-Ay mice. Amycenone or water was administered to 8-week-old male KK-Ay mice by gavage for 8 weeks. Their body weight and food intake were recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, the mice were dissected, and blood samples, lipid metabolism-related organs and tissues were collected and stored for further analysis. Amycenone treatment suppressed body weight gain and improved serum levels of fasting blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, serum and hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were reduced after this treatment, whereas the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, PKA and HSL increased and the expression level of FAS decreased. The protein level of C/EBPβ and gene expression level of Cpt1 were higher in the perirenal adipose tissue of amycenone-treated KK-Ay mice. Furthermore, amycenone phosphorylated AMPK, PKA and ACC, and PPARγ expression was lower in the mesenteric adipose tissue. The phosphorylation levels of AMPK, LKB1, PKA and ACC were also induced, and FAS expression level was reduced in the liver of the amycenone-treated group. Amycenone could reduce excess body weight and attenuate hyperlipidaemia in KK-Ay mice by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through lipid metabolism pathway stimulation and fatty acid β-oxidation acceleration.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kalezic A, Korac A, Korac B, Jankovic A. l-Arginine Induces White Adipose Tissue Browning-A New Pharmaceutical Alternative to Cold. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071368. [PMID: 35890263 PMCID: PMC9324995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of l-arginine supplementation in obesity and type II diabetes involve white adipose tissue (WAT) reduction and increased substrate oxidation. We aimed to test the potential of l-arginine to induce WAT browning. Therefore, the molecular basis of browning was investigated in retroperitoneal WAT (rpWAT) of rats exposed to cold or treated with 2.25% l-arginine for 1, 3, and 7 days. Compared to untreated control, levels of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase protein expression and NO signaling increased in both cold-exposed and l-arginine-treated groups. These increases coincided with the appearance of multilocular adipocytes and increased expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), thermogenic and beige adipocyte-specific genes (Cidea, Cd137, and Tmem26), mitochondriogenesis markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial DNA copy number), nuclear respiratory factor 1, PPARα and their respective downstream lipid oxidation enzymes after l-arginine treatment. Such browning phenotype in the l-arginine-treated group was concordant with end-course decreases in leptinaemia, rpWAT mass, and body weight. In conclusion, l-arginine mimics cold-mediated increases in NO signaling in rpWAT and induces molecular and structural fingerprints of rpWAT browning. The results endorse l-arginine as a pharmaceutical alternative to cold exposure, which could be of great interest in obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078-307
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oeckl J, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Bardova K, Brunner S, Dieckmann S, Ecker J, Fromme T, Funda J, Gantert T, Giansanti P, Hidrobo MS, Kuda O, Kuster B, Li Y, Pohl R, Schmitt S, Schweizer S, Zischka H, Zouhar P, Kopecky J, Klingenspor M. Loss of UCP1 function augments recruitment of futile lipid cycling for thermogenesis in murine brown fat. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101499. [PMID: 35470094 PMCID: PMC9097615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Brunner
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Gantert
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Hidrobo
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Funda J, Villena JA, Bardova K, Adamcova K, Irodenko I, Flachs P, Jedlickova I, Haasova E, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J, Janovska P. Adipose tissue-specific ablation of PGC-1β impairs thermogenesis in brown fat. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049223. [PMID: 35466996 PMCID: PMC9066513 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired thermogenesis observed in mice with whole-body ablation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β; officially known as PPARGC1B) may result from impaired brown fat (brown adipose tissue; BAT) function, but other mechanism(s) could be involved. Here, using adipose-specific PGC-1β knockout mice (PGC-1β-AT-KO mice) we aimed to learn whether specific PGC-1β ablation in adipocytes is sufficient to drive cold sensitivity. Indeed, we found that warm-adapted (30°C) mutant mice were relatively sensitive to acute cold exposure (6°C). When these mice were subjected to cold exposure for 7 days (7-day-CE), adrenergic stimulation of their metabolism was impaired, despite similar levels of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in BAT in PGC-1β-AT-KO and wild-type mice. Gene expression in BAT of mutant mice suggested a compensatory increase in lipid metabolism to counteract the thermogenic defect. Interestingly, a reduced number of contacts between mitochondria and lipid droplets associated with low levels of L-form of optic atrophy 1 was found in BAT of PGC-1β-AT-KO mice. These genotypic differences were observed in warm-adapted mutant mice, but they were partially masked by 7-day-CE. Collectively, our results suggest a role for PGC-1β in controlling BAT lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josep A. Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Illaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jedlickova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Haasova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manfredi LH. Overheating or overcooling: heat transfer in the spot to fight against the pandemic obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:665-680. [PMID: 33000381 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled worldwide over the past three and a half decades, reaching pandemic status. Obesity is associated with decreased life expectancy and with an increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous system diseases. Hence, understanding the mechanisms involved in the onset and development of obesity is mandatory to promote planned health actions to revert this scenario. In this review, common aspects of cold exposure, a process of heat generation, and exercise, a process of heat dissipation, will be discussed as two opposite mechanisms of obesity, which can be oversimplified as caloric conservation. A common road between heat generation and dissipation is the mobilization of Free Faty Acids (FFA) and Carbohydrates (CHO). An increase in energy expenditure (immediate effect) and molecular/metabolic adaptations (chronic effect) are responses that depend on SNS activity in both conditions of heat transfer. This cycle of using and removing FFA and CHO from blood either for heat or force generation disrupt the key concept of obesity: energy accumulation. Despite efforts in making the anti-obesity pill, maybe it is time to consider that the world's population is living at thermoneutrality since temperature-controlled places and the lack of exercise are favoring caloric accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Henrique Manfredi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stojnić B, Serrano A, Sušak L, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J. Protective Effects of Individual and Combined Low Dose Beta-Carotene and Metformin Treatments against High-Fat Diet-Induced Responses in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3607. [PMID: 34684608 PMCID: PMC8538788 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-obesity activity has been reported for beta-carotene (BC) supplementation at high doses and metformin (MET). We studied whether BC treatment at a closer to dietary dose and MET treatment at a lower than therapeutic dose are effective in ameliorating unwanted effects of an obesogenic diet and whether their combination is advantageous. Obesity-prone mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy as fat) for 4 weeks while receiving a placebo or being treated orally with BC (3 mg/kg/day), MET (100 mg/kg/day), or their combination (BC+MET); a fifth group received a placebo and was kept on a normal-fat diet (10% energy as fat). HFD-induced increases in body weight gain and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) adipocyte size were attenuated maximally or selectively in the BC+MET group, in which a redistribution towards smaller adipocytes was noted. Cumulative energy intake was unaffected, yet results suggested increased systemic energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activation in the treated groups. Unwanted effects of HFD on glucose control and insulin sensitivity were attenuated in the treated groups, especially BC and BC+MET, in which hepatic lipid content was also decreased. Transcriptional analyses suggested effects on skeletal muscle and WAT metabolism could contribute to better responses to the HFD, especially in the MET and BC+MET groups. The results support the benefits of the BC+MET cotreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Stojnić
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Alba Serrano
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Lana Sušak
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of CIDEA reporter mouse model and its application for screening thermogenic drugs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18429. [PMID: 34531447 PMCID: PMC8445935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA) is a lipid droplet-associated protein and is a known marker of the thermogenic capacity of brown/beige adipocytes. To monitor the expression of CIDEA in live mice in a non-invasive manner, we generated CIDEA reporter mice expressing multicistronic mRNAs encoding CIDEA, luciferase 2, and tdTomato proteins under the control of the Cidea promoter. The expression level of endogenous CIDEA protein in adipose tissue was not affected by the expression of polycistronic reporters. The two CIDEA reporters, luciferase 2 and tdTomato, correctly reflected CIDEA protein levels. Importantly, luciferase activity was induced by cold exposure and the treatment with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 in interscapular and inguinal adipose tissue, which was detectable by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. We further evaluated the effects of candidate brown adipogenic agents using this CIDEA reporter system and demonstrated a positive correlation between drug-induced luciferase activity and thermogenic gene expression levels both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we established a dual CIDEA reporter mouse model in which fluorescence and luminescence signals correctly reflect CIDEA expression, and therefore, suggested that this reporter system can be used to evaluate the thermogenic efficacy of candidate molecules.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kudo M, Yamagishi Y, Suguro S, Nishihara M, Yoshitomi H, Hayashi M, Gao M. L-citrulline inhibits body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation by improving lipid metabolism in a rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4893-4904. [PMID: 34532001 PMCID: PMC8441368 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body weight gain is a social issue all over the world. When body weight increased, hepatic fat accumulation also increased and it causes fatty liver disease. Therefore, developing a new treatment method and elucidating its mechanism is necessary. L-citrulline (L-Cit) is a free amino acid found mainly in watermelon. No reports regarding its effects on the improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis are currently available. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect and the mechanism of L-Cit on inhibition of body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation in high-fat and high-cholesterol fed SHRSP5/Dmcr rats. METHODS L-Cit or water (controls) was administered to six-week-old male SHRSP5/Dmcr rats by gavage for nine weeks. We recorded the level of body weight and food intake while performing the administration and sacrificed rats. After that, the blood and lipid metabolism-related organs and tissues were collected and analyzed. RESULTS L-Cit treatment reduced body weight gain and hepatic TC and TG levels, and serum levels of AST and ALT. L-Cit enhanced AMPK, LKB1, PKA, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein phosphorylation levels in the epididymal fat. L-Cit treatment improved steatosis as revealed by HE staining of liver tissues and enhanced AMPK and LKB1 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, activation of Sirt1 was higher, while the liver fatty acid synthase (FAS) level was lower. Azan staining of liver sections revealed a reduction in fibrogenesis following L-Cit treatment. Further, the liver levels of TGF-β, Smad2/3, and α-SMA, fibrogenesis-related proteins and genes, were lower in the L-Cit-treated group. CONCLUSIONS From the results of analysis of the epididymal fat and the liver, L-Cit inhibits body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation by activating lipid metabolism and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in SHRSP5/Dmcr rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kudo
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceMukogawa Women’s UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Hisae Yoshitomi
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceMukogawa Women’s UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Misa Hayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceMukogawa Women’s UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceMukogawa Women’s UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
- Institute for BiosciencesMukogawa Women’s UniversityNishinomiyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Son YJ, Jung DS, Shin JM, Erdenebileg S, Nho CW. Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. ethanol extract attenuates metabolic syndrome symptoms in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by activating adiponectin/AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
De Nardi M, Bisio A, Della Guardia L, Facheris C, Faelli E, La Torre A, Luzi L, Ruggeri P, Codella R. Partial-Body Cryostimulation Increases Resting Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084127. [PMID: 33919703 PMCID: PMC8070728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryostimulation is currently seen as a potential adjuvant strategy to tackle obesity and dysmetabolism by triggering cold-induced thermogenesis. Although suggestive, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. We tested whether single or repeated applications of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) could influence resting energy expenditure (REE) in exposed individuals. Fifteen middle-aged obese and sixteen control lean women (body mass index 31 ± 1.6 kg/m2 and 22 ± 1.7 kg/m2) underwent a daily PBC (−130 °C × 150 s) for five consecutive days. Resting energy metabolism (REE) was assessed by indirect calorimetry pre- and post-PBC on day 1 and day 5. As concerns REE, the linear mixed model revealed that REE changes were explained by session and time (F1,29 = 5.58; p = 0.02; ƞp2 = 0.16) independent of the group (F1,29 = 2.9; p = 0.09; ƞp2 = 0.09). REE pre-PBC increased from day 1 to day 5 either in leans (by 8.2%, from 1538 ± 111 to 1665 ± 106 kcal/day) or in obese women (by 5.5%, from 1610 ± 110 to 1698 ± 142 vs kcal/day). Respiratory quotient was significantly affected by the time (F1,29 = 51.61; p < 0.000001, ƞp2 = 0.64), as it increased from pre- to post-PBC, suggesting a shift in substrate oxidation. According to these preliminary data, cold-induced thermogenesis could be explored as a strategy to elevate REE in obese subjects. Longitudinal studies could test whether chronic PBC effects may entail favorable metabolic adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Nardi
- Krioplanet Ltd., Treviglio, 24047 Bergamo, Italy; (M.D.N.); (C.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (E.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Ambra Bisio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (E.F.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.G.); (A.L.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Carlo Facheris
- Krioplanet Ltd., Treviglio, 24047 Bergamo, Italy; (M.D.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Emanuela Faelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (E.F.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.G.); (A.L.T.); (L.L.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.G.); (A.L.T.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (E.F.); (P.R.)
- Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università Degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.G.); (A.L.T.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50330356
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jo A, Kim M, Kim JI, Ha J, Hwang YS, Nam H, Hwang I, Kim JB, Park SB. Phenotypic Discovery of SB1501, an Anti-obesity Agent, through Modulating Mitochondrial Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1104-1115. [PMID: 33538065 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic that threatens the quality of life and discovering novel therapeutic agents that can reverse obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders are necessary. Here, we aimed to identify new anti-obesity agents using a phenotype-based approach. We performed image-based high-content screening with a fluorogenic bioprobe (SF44), which visualizes cellular lipid droplets (LDs), to identify initial hit compounds. A structure-activity relationship study led us to yield a bioactive compound SB1501, which reduces cellular LDs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity. SB1501 induced the expression of gene products that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily treatment with SB1501 improved the metabolic states of db/db mice by reducing body fat mass, adipose tissue mass, food intake, and increasing glucose tolerance. The anti-obesity effect of SB1501 may result from perturbation of the PGC-1α-UCP1 regulatory axis in inguinal white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. These data suggest the therapeutic potential of SB1501 as an anti-obesity agent via modulating mitochondrial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala Jo
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jong In Kim
- CRI Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Hwang
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunsung Nam
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Injae Hwang
- CRI Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- CRI Center for Adipocyte Structure-Function, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Botanic Origin of Propolis Extract Powder Drives Contrasted Impact on Diabesity in High-Fat-Fed Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030411. [PMID: 33803136 PMCID: PMC8000394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis extracts are considered as nutraceutical products with potentialities towards obesity and comorbidities management. Nevertheless, propolis extracts composition is highly variable and depends on the botanic origin of plants used by the bees to produce propolis. This study aims to evaluate the differential effect of poplar propolis extract powder (PPEP), Baccharis propolis extract powder (BPEP), and/ or Dalbergia propolis extract powder (DPEP) on obesity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat-fed mice. PPEP supplementation reduced high-fat (HF)-mediated body weight gain, adiposity index, and improved glucose homeostasis in male C57Bl/6J mice that were submitted to a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, whereas BPEP, DPEP, or a mix of the three PEPs did not modify those parameters. Adipose tissue (AT) gene expression profiling highlighted an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and an inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Several Nrf2 target genes, coding for antioxidant enzymes, were induced in AT under PPEP effect, but not by other PEP. Interestingly, representative PPEP polyphenols mediated the induction of Nrf2 target genes cell-autonomously in adipocytes, suggesting that this induction may be related to the specific polyphenol content of PPEP. Whereas PPEP supplementation has demonstrated a clear potential to blunt the onset of obesity and associated comorbidities, other PEPs (from Baccharis and Dalbergia) were inefficient to support their role in preventive nutrition.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cho YK, Son Y, Saha A, Kim D, Choi C, Kim M, Park JH, Im H, Han J, Kim K, Jung YS, Yun J, Bae EJ, Seong JK, Lee MO, Lee S, Granneman JG, Lee YH. STK3/STK4 signalling in adipocytes regulates mitophagy and energy expenditure. Nat Metab 2021; 3:428-441. [PMID: 33758424 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity reduces adipocyte mitochondrial function, and expanding adipocyte oxidative capacity is an emerging strategy to improve systemic metabolism. Here, we report that serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (STK3) and STK4 are key physiological suppressors of mitochondrial capacity in brown, beige and white adipose tissues. Levels of STK3 and STK4, kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway, are greater in white than brown adipose tissues, and levels in brown adipose tissue are suppressed by cold exposure and greatly elevated by surgical denervation. Genetic inactivation of Stk3 and Stk4 increases mitochondrial mass and function, stabilizes uncoupling protein 1 in beige adipose tissue and confers resistance to metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet feeding. Mechanistically, STK3 and STK4 increase adipocyte mitophagy in part by regulating the phosphorylation and dimerization status of the mitophagy receptor BNIP3. STK3 and STK4 expression levels are elevated in human obesity, and pharmacological inhibition improves metabolic profiles in a mouse model of obesity, suggesting STK3 and STK4 as potential targets for treating obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-Max Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Monnard CR, Dulloo AG. Polyunsaturated fatty acids as modulators of fat mass and lean mass in human body composition regulation and cardiometabolic health. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13197. [PMID: 33471425 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the amount and type of dietary fat consumed play an important role in metabolic health. In humans, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk, improvements in glucose homeostasis, and changes in body composition that involve reductions in central adiposity and, more recently, increases in lean body mass. There is also emerging evidence, which suggests that high intakes of the plant-based essential fatty acids (ePUFAs)-n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA)-have a greater impact on body composition (fat mass and lean mass) and on glucose homeostasis than the marine-derived long-chain n-3 PUFA-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, high intake of both ePUFAs (LA and ALA) may also have anti-inflammatory effects in humans. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence, from both epidemiological prospective studies and clinical intervention trials, of a role for PUFA, in particular ePUFA, in the long-term regulation of body weight and body composition, and their impact on cardiometabolic health. It also discusses current notions about the mechanisms by which PUFAs modulate fat mass and lean mass through altered control of energy intake, thermogenesis, or lean-fat partitioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona R Monnard
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Petrosino JM, Longenecker JZ, Ramkumar S, Xu X, Dorn LE, Bratasz A, Yu L, Maurya S, Tolstikov V, Bussberg V, Janssen PM, Periasamy M, Kiebish MA, Duester G, von Lintig J, Ziouzenkova O, Accornero F. Paracardial fat remodeling affects systemic metabolism through alcohol dehydrogenase 1. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141799. [PMID: 33586683 PMCID: PMC7880313 DOI: 10.1172/jci141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and metabolic health is well established. However, very little is known about the fat depot, known as paracardial fat (pCF), located superior to and surrounding the heart. Here, we show that pCF remodels with aging and a high-fat diet and that the size and function of this depot are controlled by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), an enzyme that oxidizes retinol into retinaldehyde. Elderly individuals and individuals with obesity have low ADH1 expression in pCF, and in mice, genetic ablation of Adh1 is sufficient to drive pCF accumulation, dysfunction, and global impairments in metabolic flexibility. Metabolomics analysis revealed that pCF controlled the levels of circulating metabolites affecting fatty acid biosynthesis. Also, surgical removal of the pCF depot was sufficient to rescue the impairments in cardiometabolic flexibility and fitness observed in Adh1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment with retinaldehyde prevented pCF remodeling in these animals. Mechanistically, we found that the ADH1/retinaldehyde pathway works by driving PGC-1α nuclear translocation and promoting mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis in the pCF depot. Together, these data demonstrate that pCF is a critical regulator of cardiometabolic fitness and that retinaldehyde and its generating enzyme ADH1 act as critical regulators of adipocyte remodeling in the pCF depot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Petrosino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob Z. Longenecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xianyao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Lisa E. Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santosh Maurya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Valerie Bussberg
- BERG, Precision Medicine Department, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul M.L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maurer SF, Dieckmann S, Lund J, Fromme T, Hess AL, Colson C, Kjølbaek L, Astrup A, Gillum MP, Larsen LH, Liebisch G, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. No Effect of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Recruitment of Brown and Brite Adipocytes in Mice or Humans under Thermoneutral Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000681. [PMID: 33274552 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown and brite adipocytes within the mammalian adipose organ provide non-shivering thermogenesis and thus, have an exceptional capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n3-series, abundant in fish oil, have been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in these cells, consequently affecting body adiposity and glucose tolerance. These effects are scrutinized in mice housed in a thermoneutral environment and in a human dietary intervention trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are housed in a thermoneutral environment eliminating the superimposing effect of mild cold-exposure on thermogenic adipocyte recruitment. Dietary fish oil supplementation in two different inbred mouse strains neither affects body mass trajectory nor enhances the recruitment of brown and brite adipocytes, both in the presence and absence of a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist imitating the effect of cold-exposure on adipocytes. In line with these findings, dietary fish oil supplementation of persons with overweight or obesity fails to recruit thermogenic adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Thus, the authors' data question the hypothesized potential of n3-PUFA as modulators of adipocyte-based thermogenesis and energy balance regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Jens Lund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anne Lundby Hess
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Louise Kjølbaek
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Matthew Paul Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lesli Hingstrup Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK-1958, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, 06107, France
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, 85354, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thermogenic adipocytes: lineage, function and therapeutic potential. Biochem J 2020; 477:2071-2093. [PMID: 32539124 PMCID: PMC7293110 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflexibility, defined as the inability to respond or adapt to metabolic demand, is now recognised as a driving factor behind many pathologies associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the ability of an organism to sense, adapt to and counteract environmental changes. It provides a buffer in times of nutrient excess, a fuel reserve during starvation and the ability to resist cold-stress through non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing combined with lineage tracing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified novel adipocyte progenitors that give rise to specialised adipocytes with diverse functions, some of which have the potential to be exploited therapeutically. This review will highlight the common and distinct functions of well-known adipocyte populations with respect to their lineage and plasticity, as well as introducing the most recent members of the adipocyte family and their roles in whole organism energy homeostasis. Finally, this article will outline some of the more preliminary findings from large data sets generated by single-cell transcriptomics of mouse and human adipose tissue and their implications for the field, both for discovery and for therapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bardova K, Funda J, Pohl R, Cajka T, Hensler M, Kuda O, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Irodenko I, Lenkova L, Zouhar P, Horakova O, Flachs P, Rossmeisl M, Colca J, Kopecky J. Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123737. [PMID: 33291653 PMCID: PMC7761951 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3) and anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exhibit additive effects in counteraction of dietary obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions in mice. The underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Here, we aimed to learn whether the futile cycle based on the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and re-esterification of fatty acids (TAG/FA cycling) in white adipose tissue (WAT) could be involved. We compared Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) and two different TZDs—pioglitazone (50 mg/g diet) and a second-generation TZD, MSDC-0602K (330 mg/g diet)—regarding their effects in C57BL/6N mice fed an obesogenic high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The diet was supplemented or not by the tested compound alone or with the two TZDs combined individually with Omega-3. Activity of TAG/FA cycle in WAT was suppressed by the obesogenic HF diet. Additive effects in partial rescue of TAG/FA cycling in WAT were observed with both combined interventions, with a stronger effect of Omega-3 and MSDC-0602K. Our results (i) supported the role of TAG/FA cycling in WAT in the beneficial additive effects of Omega-3 and TZDs on metabolism of diet-induced obese mice, and (ii) showed differential modulation of WAT gene expression and metabolism by the two TZDs, depending also on Omega-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemmingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hensler
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Ilaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Pavel Flachs
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Jerry Colca
- Cirius Therapeutics, Kalamazoo, MI 490 07, USA;
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.F.); (M.H.); (P.J.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (L.L.); (P.Z.); (O.H.); (P.F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296442554; Fax: +420-296442599
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang X, Sun J, Bian C, Ji S, Ji H. Perilipin 1-3 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: molecular characterization, gene structure, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression in DHA-induced lipid droplet formation in adipocytes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2311-2322. [PMID: 32996002 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perilipin family is the main structural proteins of lipid droplet (LD) that is intracellular neutral lipid store ponds, and regulates LD assembly and formation, and is crucial for lipid metabolism. Here three paralogs of perilipin family were characterized from grass carp and their complete coding sequences (CDS) were obtained, including perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3, coding peptides of 492, 454, and 419 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of the homology of grass carp perilipin deduced amino acid sequences with other teleost species showed that the homology with mammalian was less than 55%. PAT (perilipin) domain in mammalian was also predicted in grass carp perilipin 1-3 proteins. Genomic organization analysis revealed that grass carp perilipin1 contained 6 coding exons, while both perilipin2 and perilipin3 consisted of 7 coding exons. The mRNA encoding three paralogs were expressed in a wide range of tissues; perilipin1-3 were primarily expressed in adipose tissue and liver; besides, perilipin3 was also highly expressed in the heart. In vitro, 200 μM DHA increased the proportion of smaller lipid droplets effectively in fully differentiated adipocytes of grass carp. The mRNA expression of perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3 was significantly increased in the adipocytes treated with DHA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The same responses of different paralogs in the adipocytes during DHA treatment suggest that they might play synergistic roles in the formation of LDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jung DS, Son YJ, Shin JM, Won HJ, Le TT, Jung SH, Lee CH, Nho CW. Gymnaster Koraiensis Extract Alleviated Metabolic Syndrome Symptoms and Stimulated UCP1-Independent Energy Consumption via AMPK Activation in White Adipose Tissue. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000490. [PMID: 33022138 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic syndrome and obesity are rising worldwide concerns that are accompanied by adverse health consequences. Here, it is hypothesized that the ethanol extract from Gymnaster koraiensis (GK), an edible Korean plant known for its anti-cancer and hepatoprotective properties, could attenuate metabolic syndrome-related symptoms in high-fat dietary-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of 100 mg kg-1 GK extract to DIO mice effectively reduces body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. It also reduces cardiovascular disease risk and improves insulin resistance by lowering the fasting blood glucose levels and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, supplementation with GK causes elevated energy expenditure in WAT by increasing the mitochondrial oxidative capacity and lipid catabolism through upregulated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Orlistat is used as a positive control drug due to its widespread use in previous studies. It is found that GK extract causes weight loss, similar to Orlistat, and it additionally shows unique functions, such as upregulation of energy consumption in WAT. CONCLUSION GK extract treatment prominently reduces obesity and its associated metabolic complications, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Hence, It can be used as a promising multi-target functional food that can improve metabolic syndrome-related symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jun Won
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tam Thi Le
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.,Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
De Carvalho FG, Brandao CFC, Batitucci G, Souza ADO, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Muñoz VR, Pauli JR, De Moura LP, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Marchini JS, de Freitas EC. Taurine supplementation associated with exercise increases mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation gene expression in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of obese women. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2180-2187. [PMID: 33051044 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation associated or not with chronic exercise on body composition, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. METHODS A randomized and double-blind trial was developed with 24 obese women (BMI 33.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2, 32.9 ± 6.3 y) randomized into three groups: Taurine supplementation group (Tau, n = 8); Exercise group (Ex, n = 8); Taurine supplementation + exercise group (TauEx, n = 8). The intervention was composed of 3 g of taurine or placebo supplementation and exercise training for eight weeks. Anthropometry, body fat composition, indirect calorimetry, scWAT biopsy for mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS No changes were observed for the anthropometric characteristics. The Ex group presented an increased resting energy expenditure rate, and the TauEx and Ex groups presented increased lipid oxidation and a decreased respiratory quotient. Both trained groups (TauEx and Ex) demonstrated improved scWAT mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Regarding mitochondrial markers, no changes were observed for the Tau group. The TauEx group had higher expression of CIDEA, PGC1a, PRDM16, UCP1, and UCP2. The genes related to fat oxidation (ACO2 and ACOX1) were increased in the Tau and Ex groups, while only the TauEx group presented increased expression of CPT1, PPARa, PPARγ, LPL, ACO1, ACO2, HSL, ACOX1, and CD36 genes. CONCLUSION Taurine supplementation associated with exercise improved lipid metabolism through the modulation of genes related to mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a browning effect in the scWAT of obese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giolo De Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Cunha Brandao
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo - FMRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; State University of Minas Gerais - UEMG, Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo - FCF UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Oliveira Souza
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira De Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo - FMRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo - FCF UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kalupahana NS, Goonapienuwala BL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:25-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Seipelt EM, Tourniaire F, Couturier C, Astier J, Loriod B, Vachon H, Pucéat M, Mounien L, Landrier JF. Prenatal maternal vitamin D deficiency sex-dependently programs adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis in offspring. FASEB J 2020; 34:14905-14919. [PMID: 32924159 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902924rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In utero environment is crucial to ensure normal development of the fetus and to program metabolic health throughout the life. Beside macronutrients, the role of micronutrients, including vitamin D, begins to be explore. The aim of this study was to decipher the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD), in normal and high-fat (HF) diet context, on adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis in offspring, considering sex-specific responses. Body weight, energy expenditure, and spontaneous activity was differential impacted in juvenile male and female offspring born from VDD mice. In adulthood, a HF diet combined with maternal VDD disrupted glucose homeostasis and adiposity in male offspring but not in females. Such phenotypes were associated to different transcriptomic profiles in adipose tissue, which could be related to differential modulation of plasma 17β-estradiol concentrations. Thus, maternal VDD sex-dependently modulated metabolic fate of the offspring, especially when associated with HF diet in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, MMG, INSERM U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Loriod
- Aix-Marseille Université, TGML, TAGC, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Hortense Vachon
- Aix-Marseille Université, TGML, TAGC, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- Aix-Marseille Université, MMG, INSERM U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cardinault N, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Couturier C, Perrin E, Dalifard J, Seipelt E, Mounien L, Letullier C, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Delbah N, Georgé S, Landrier JF. Poplar Propolis Ethanolic Extract Reduces Body Weight Gain and Glucose Metabolism Disruption in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000275. [PMID: 32729164 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Current evidence supports the beneficial effect of polyphenols on the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. This is the case for propolis, a polyphenol-rich substance produced by bees. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a poplar propolis ethanolic extract (PPEE) on obesity and glucose homeostasis, and to unveil its putative molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Male high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice are administered PPEE for 12 weeks. PPEE supplementation reduces the HF-mediated adiposity index, adipocyte hypertrophy, and body weight gain. It also improves HOMA-IR and fasting glucose levels. Gene expression profiling of adipose tissue (AT) shows an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Interestingly, several Nrf2-target genes are induced in AT following administration of PPEE. The ability of PPEE to induce the expression of Nrf2-target genes is studied in adipocytes. PPEE is found to transactivate the Nrf2 response element and the Nrf2 DNA-binding, suggesting that part of the effect of PPEE can be mediated by Nrf2. CONCLUSION PPEE supplementation may represent an interesting preventive strategy to tackle the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Charlène Couturier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Estelle Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Claire Letullier
- Pollenergie, La Grabère, Saint Hilaire de Lusignan, 47450, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Naïma Delbah
- CTCPA, 449 Avenue Clément Ader, Avignon, 84911, France
| | | | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bou M, Torgersen JS, Østbye TKK, Ruyter B, Wang X, Škugor S, Kristiansen IØ, Todorčević M. DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114101. [PMID: 32521827 PMCID: PMC7312884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play a central role in overall energy homeostasis and are important contributors to the immune system. Fatty acids (FAs) act as signaling molecules capable to modulate adipocyte metabolism and functions. To identify the effects of two commonly used FAs in Atlantic salmon diets, primary adipocytes were cultured in the presence of oleic (OA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid. DHA decreased adipocyte lipid droplet number and area compared to OA. The increase in lipid load in OA treated adipocytes was paralleled by an increase in iNOS activity and mitochondrial SOD2-GFP activity, which was probably directed to counteract increase in oxidative stress. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, DHA had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than OA, as evidenced by the higher SOD2 activity and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, DHA maintained a healthy mitochondrial structure under induced inflammation while OA led to elongated mitochondria with a thin thread like structures in adipocytes exposed to LPS. Overall, DHA possess anti-inflammatory properties and protects Atlantic salmon against oxidative stress and limits lipid deposition. Furthermore, DHA plays a key role in protecting mitochondria shape and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Jacob Seilø Torgersen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- AquaGen, P.O. Box 1240, N-7462 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Stanko Škugor
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Cargill Innovation Center, 0366 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øien Kristiansen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +447979715263
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Transcriptome profiling reveals multiple pathways responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects of Smilax glabra flavonoids in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
32
|
Angueira AR, Shapira SN, Ishibashi J, Sampat S, Sostre-Colón J, Emmett MJ, Titchenell PM, Lazar MA, Lim HW, Seale P. Early B Cell Factor Activity Controls Developmental and Adaptive Thermogenic Gene Programming in Adipocytes. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2869-2878.e4. [PMID: 32130892 PMCID: PMC7079313 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity protects animals against hypothermia and represents a potential therapeutic target to combat obesity. The transcription factor early B cell factor-2 (EBF2) promotes brown adipocyte differentiation, but its roles in maintaining brown adipocyte fate and in stimulating BAT recruitment during cold exposure were unknown. We find that the deletion of Ebf2 in adipocytes of mice ablates BAT character and function, resulting in cold intolerance. Unexpectedly, prolonged exposure to cold restores the thermogenic profile and function of Ebf2 mutant BAT. Enhancer profiling and genetic assays identified EBF1 as a candidate regulator of the cold response in BAT. Adipocyte-specific deletion of both Ebf1 and Ebf2 abolishes BAT recruitment during chronic cold exposure. Mechanistically, EBF1 and EBF2 promote thermogenic gene transcription through increasing the expression and activity of ERRα and PGC1α. Together, these studies demonstrate that EBF proteins specify the developmental fate and control the adaptive cold response of brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Angueira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne N Shapira
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samay Sampat
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaimarie Sostre-Colón
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Kim MJ, Huh YH, Jung CH. Withania somnifera Extract Enhances Energy Expenditure via Improving Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020431. [PMID: 32046183 PMCID: PMC7071232 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as ashwagandha, possesses diverse biological functions. WS root has mainly been used as an herbal medicine to treat anxiety and was recently reported to have an anti-obesity effect, however, the mechanisms underlying its action remain to be explored. We hypothesized that WS exerts its anti-obesity effect by enhancing energy expenditure through improving the mitochondrial function of brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.25% or 0.5% WS 70% ethanol extract (WSE) for 10 weeks. WSE (0.5%) supplementation significantly suppressed the increases in body weight and serum lipids, and lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue induced by HFD. WSE supplementation increased oxygen consumption and enhanced mitochondrial activity in brown fat and skeletal muscle in the HFD-fed mice. In addition, it promoted browning of subcutaneous fat by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Withaferin A (WFA), a major compound of WS, enhanced the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into beige adipocytes and oxygen consumption in C2C12 murine myoblasts. These results suggest that WSE ameliorates diet-induced obesity by enhancing energy expenditure via promoting mitochondrial function in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and WFA is a key regulator in this function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9301; Fax: +82-63-219-9225
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Turchi R, Tortolici F, Guidobaldi G, Iacovelli F, Falconi M, Rufini S, Faraonio R, Casagrande V, Federici M, De Angelis L, Carotti S, Francesconi M, Zingariello M, Morini S, Bernardini R, Mattei M, La Rosa P, Piemonte F, Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. Frataxin deficiency induces lipid accumulation and affects thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:51. [PMID: 31974344 PMCID: PMC6978516 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) causes Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a neurodegenerative disease with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as severe comorbidity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a mitochondria-enriched and anti-diabetic tissue that turns excess energy into heat to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Here we report that the FXN knock-in/knock-out (KIKO) mouse shows hyperlipidemia, reduced energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity, and elevated plasma leptin, recapitulating T2D-like signatures. FXN deficiency leads to disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructure and oxygen consumption as well as lipid accumulation in BAT. Transcriptomic data highlights cold intolerance in association with iron-mediated cell death (ferroptosis). Impaired PKA-mediated lipolysis and expression of genes controlling mitochondrial metabolism, lipid catabolism and adipogenesis were observed in BAT of KIKO mice as well as in FXN-deficient T37i brown and primary adipocytes. Significant susceptibility to ferroptosis was observed in adipocyte precursors that showed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4. Collectively our data point to BAT dysfunction in FRDA and suggest BAT as promising therapeutic target to overcome T2D in FRDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turchi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Tortolici
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Guidobaldi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Iacovelli
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rufini
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Angelis
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Francesconi
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Service Center-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Service Center-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zvintzou E, Xepapadaki E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ on high-density lipoprotein functionality, adipose tissue metabolic activity and plasma glucose homeostasis. J Biomed Res 2020; 0:1-13. [PMID: 31741463 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ (APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus AdGFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue (WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Isoform and tissue dependent impact of apolipoprotein E on adipose tissue metabolic activation: The role of apolipoprotein A1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158551. [PMID: 31678510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adipose organ is made of white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue which are primarily responsible for lipid storage and energy production (heat and ATP) respectively. Metabolic activation of WAT may ascribe to this tissue characteristics of BAT, namely non-shivering thermogenesis and ATP production. Recent data indicate that apolipoproteins E (APOE) and A1 (APOA1) regulate WAT mitochondrial metabolic activation. Here, we investigated the functional cross-talk between natural human APOE2 and APOE4 isoforms with APOA1 in this process, using Apoe2knock-in and Apoe4knock-in mice. At baseline when Apoe2knock-in and Apoe4knock-in mice express both APOE and Apoa1, the Apoe2knock-in strain appears to have higher mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation levels and non-shivering thermogenesis in WAT compared to Apoe4knock-in mice. When mice were switched to a high-fat diet for 18 weeks, circulating levels of endogenous Apoa1 in Apoe2knock-in mice became barely detectable though significant levels of APOE2 were still present. This change was accompanied by a significant reduction in WAT mitochondrial Ucp1 expression while BAT Ucp1 was unaffected. Ectopic APOA1 expression in Apoe2knock-in animals potently stimulated WAT but not BAT mitochondrial Ucp1 expression providing further evidence that APOA1 potently stimulates WAT non-shivering thermogenesis in the presence of APOE2. Ectopic expression of APOA1 in Apoe4knock-in mice stimulated BAT but no WAT mitochondrial Ucp1 levels, suggesting that in the presence of APOE4, APOA1 is a trigger of BAT non-shivering thermogenesis. Overall, our data identified a tissue-specific role of the natural human APOE2 and APOE4 isoforms in WAT- and BAT-metabolic activation respectively, that appears dependent on circulating APOA1 levels.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ling Y, Carayol J, Galusca B, Canto C, Montaurier C, Matone A, Vassallo I, Minehira K, Alexandre V, Cominetti O, Núñez Galindo A, Corthésy J, Dayon L, Charpagne A, Métairon S, Raymond F, Descombes P, Casteillo F, Peoc'h M, Palaghiu R, Féasson L, Boirie Y, Estour B, Hager J, Germain N, Gheldof N. Persistent low body weight in humans is associated with higher mitochondrial activity in white adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:605-616. [PMID: 31374571 PMCID: PMC6736451 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional thinness (CT) is a state of low but stable body weight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2). CT subjects have normal-range hormonal profiles and food intake but exhibit resistance to weight gain despite living in the modern world's obesogenic environment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to identify molecular mechanisms underlying this protective phenotype against weight gain. METHODS We conducted a clinical overfeeding study on 30 CT subjects and 30 controls (BMI 20-25 kg/m2) matched for age and sex. We performed clinical and integrative molecular and transcriptomic analyses on white adipose and muscle tissues. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that adipocytes were markedly smaller in CT individuals (mean ± SEM: 2174 ± 142 μm 2) compared with controls (3586 ± 216 μm2) (P < 0.01). The mitochondrial respiratory capacity was higher in CT adipose tissue, particularly at the level of complex II of the electron transport chain (2.2-fold increase; P < 0.01). This higher activity was paralleled by an increase in mitochondrial number (CT compared with control: 784 ± 27 compared with 675 ± 30 mitochondrial DNA molecules per cell; P < 0.05). No evidence for uncoupled respiration or "browning" of the white adipose tissue was found. In accordance with the mitochondrial differences, CT subjects had a distinct adipose transcriptomic profile [62 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate of 0.1 and log fold change >0.75)], with many differentially expressed genes associating with positive metabolic outcomes. Pathway analyses revealed an increase in fatty acid oxidation ( P = 3 × 10-04) but also triglyceride biosynthesis (P = 3.6 × 10-04). No differential response to the overfeeding was observed in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The distinct molecular signature of the adipose tissue in CT individuals suggests the presence of augm ented futile lipid cycling, rather than mitochondrial uncoupling, as a way to increase energy expenditure in CT individuals. We propose that increased mitochondrial function in adipose tissue is an important mediator in sustaining the low body weight in CT individuals. This knowledge could ultimately allow more targeted approaches for weight management treatment strategies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02004821.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiin Ling
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Carayol
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Carles Canto
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alice Matone
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Irene Vassallo
- Precision Medicine Group, Quartz Bio SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Minehira
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Alexandre
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John Corthésy
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Proteomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Métairon
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Genomics, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Léonard Féasson
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Motricity and Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Estour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jörg Hager
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Germain
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Eating Disorders, CHU St-Etienne, France,Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, St-Etienne, France,N Germain (E-mail: )
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Health, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland,Address correspondence to N Gheldof (E-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Woo CY, Jang JE, Lee SE, Koh EH, Lee KU. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Adipocytes as a Primary Cause of Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:247-256. [PMID: 30968618 PMCID: PMC6581541 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is considered a major contributing factor in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the cause of adipose tissue inflammation is presently unclear. The role of mitochondria in white adipocytes has long been neglected because of their low abundance. However, recent evidence suggests that mitochondria are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis in white adipocytes. In a series of recent studies, we found that mitochondrial function in white adipocytes is essential to the synthesis of adiponectin, which is the most abundant adipokine synthesized from adipocytes, with many favorable effects on metabolism, including improvement of insulin sensitivity and reduction of atherosclerotic processes and systemic inflammation. From these results, we propose a new hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes is a primary cause of adipose tissue inflammation and compared this hypothesis with a prevailing concept that "adipose tissue hypoxia" may underlie adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Recent studies have emphasized the role of the mitochondrial quality control mechanism in maintaining mitochondrial function. Future studies are warranted to test whether an inadequate mitochondrial quality control mechanism is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes and adipose tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yun Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Keuper M. On the role of macrophages in the control of adipocyte energy metabolism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R105-R121. [PMID: 31085768 PMCID: PMC6590200 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crosstalk between macrophages (MΦ) and adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) influences obesity-associated insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. MΦ infiltration is increased in WAT during obesity, which is linked to decreased mitochondrial content and activity. The mechanistic interplay between MΦ and mitochondrial function of adipocytes is under intense investigation, as MΦ and inflammatory pathways exhibit a pivotal role in the reprogramming of WAT metabolism in physiological responses during cold, fasting and exercise. Thus, the underlying immunometabolic pathways may offer therapeutic targets to correct obesity and metabolic disease. Here, I review the current knowledge on the quantity and the quality of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATMΦ) and their impact on the bioenergetics of human adipocytes. The effects of ATMΦ and their secreted factors on mitochondrial function of white adipocytes are discussed, including recent research on MΦ as part of an immune signaling cascade involved in the 'browning' of WAT, which is defined as the conversion from white, energy-storing adipocytes into brown, energy-dissipating adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Keuper:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xepapadaki E, Maulucci G, Constantinou C, Karavia EA, Zvintzou E, Daniel B, Sasson S, Kypreos KE. Impact of apolipoprotein A1- or lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-deficiency on white adipose tissue metabolic activity and glucose homeostasis in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1351-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
42
|
Role of Arginase 2 in Systemic Metabolic Activity and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061462. [PMID: 30909461 PMCID: PMC6472154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are key components of obesity-induced metabolic disease. Upregulated arginase, a ureahydrolase enzyme with two isoforms (A1-cytosolic and A2-mitochondrial), is implicated in pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes. This study examined A2 involvement in obesity-associated metabolic and vascular disorders. WT and globally deleted A2(−/−) or A1(+/−) mice were fed either a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet or normal diet (ND) for 16 weeks. Increases in body and VAT weight of HFHS-fed WT mice were abrogated in A2−/−, but not A1+/−, mice. Additionally, A2−/− HFHS-fed mice exhibited higher energy expenditure, lower blood glucose, and insulin levels compared to WT HFHS mice. VAT and adipocytes from WT HFHS fed mice showed greater A2 expression and adipocyte size and reduced expression of PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and adiponectin. A2 deletion blunted these effects, increased levels of active AMPK-α, and upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. A2 deletion prevented HFHS-induced VAT collagen deposition and inflammation, which are involved in adipocyte metabolic dysfunction. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, impaired by HFHS diet, was significantly preserved in A2−/− mice, but more prominently maintained in A1+/− mice. In summary, A2 is critically involved in HFHS-induced VAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
43
|
Giolo De Carvalho F, Sparks LM. Targeting White Adipose Tissue with Exercise or Bariatric Surgery as Therapeutic Strategies in Obesity. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E16. [PMID: 30875990 PMCID: PMC6466059 DOI: 10.3390/biology8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is critical to whole-body energy metabolism and has become recognized as a bona fide endocrine organ rather than an inert lipid reservoir. As such, adipose tissue is dynamic in its ability to secrete cytokines, free fatty acids, lipokines, hormones and other factors in response to changes in environmental stimuli such as feeding, fasting and exercise. While excess adipose tissue, as in the case of obesity, is associated with metabolic complications, mass itself is not the only culprit in obesity-driven metabolic abnormalities, highlighting the importance of healthy and metabolically adaptable adipose tissue. In this review, we discuss the fundamental cellular processes of adipose tissue that become perturbed in obesity and the impact of exercise on these processes. While both endurance and resistance exercise can promote positive physiological adaptations in adipose tissue, endurance exercise has a more documented role in remodeling adipocytes, increasing adipokine secretion and fatty acid mobilization and oxidation during post-exercise compared with resistance exercise. Exercise is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity to optimize body composition, in particular as an adjuvant therapy to bariatric surgery; however, there is a gap in knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of these exercise-induced adaptations, which could provide more insight and opportunity for precision-based treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Giolo De Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil.
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
We provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marine n-3 PUFA are probably of importance through n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish protein per se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sepa-Kishi DM, Jani S, Da Eira D, Ceddia RB. Cold acclimation enhances UCP1 content, lipolysis, and triacylglycerol resynthesis, but not mitochondrial uncoupling and fat oxidation, in rat white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C365-C376. [PMID: 30624981 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00122.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether cold-induced browning of the subcutaneous (Sc) inguinal (Ing) white adipose tissue (WAT) increases the capacity of this tissue to oxidize fatty acids through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated thermogenesis. To accomplish that, rats were acclimated to cold (4°C for 7 days). Subsequently, interscapular and aortic brown adipose tissues (iBAT and aBAT, respectively), epididymal (Epid), and Sc Ing WAT were used for adipocyte isolation. In BAT adipocytes, cold acclimation increased UCP1 content and palmitate oxidation either in the absence or presence of oligomycin, whereas in Sc Ing adipocytes glucose and palmitate oxidation were not affected, although multilocular adipocytes were formed and UCP1 content increased upon cold acclimation in the WAT. Furthermore, isoproterenol-stimulated cold Sc Ing adipocytes exhibited significantly lower rates of palmitate oxidation than control cells when exposed to oligomycin. These findings provide evidence that, despite increasing UCP1 levels, cold acclimation essentially reduced mitochondrial uncoupling-mediated fat oxidation in Sc Ing adipocytes. Conversely, glycerol kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase levels, isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, as well as glycerol and palmitate incorporation into lipids significantly increased in these cells. Therefore, instead of UCP1-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling, cold acclimation increased the capacity of Sc Ing adipocytes to export fatty acids and enhanced key components of the triacylglycerol resynthesis pathway in the Sc Ing WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Sepa-Kishi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Shailee Jani
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Daniel Da Eira
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120515. [PMID: 30567329 PMCID: PMC6316446 DOI: 10.3390/md16120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We found previously that white adipose tissue (WAT) hyperplasia in obese mice was limited by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Here we aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3 PUFA for one week or eight weeks; mice fed a standard chow diet were also used. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), DNA content was quantified, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal the size of adipocytes and macrophage content, and lipidomic analysis and a gene expression screen were performed to assess inflammatory status. The stromal-vascular fraction of eWAT, which contained most of the eWAT cells, except for adipocytes, was characterized using flow cytometry. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation limited the high-fat diet-induced increase in eWAT weight, cell number (DNA content), inflammation, and adipocyte growth. eWAT hyperplasia was compromised due to the limited increase in the number of preadipocytes and a decrease in the number of endothelial cells. The number of leukocytes and macrophages was unaffected, but a shift in macrophage polarization towards a less inflammatory phenotype was observed. Our results document that the counteraction of eWAT hyperplasia by omega-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice reflects an effect on the number of adipose lineage and endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Schweizer S, Oeckl J, Klingenspor M, Fromme T. Substrate fluxes in brown adipocytes upon adrenergic stimulation and uncoupling protein 1 ablation. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800136. [PMID: 30456392 PMCID: PMC6238590 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are highly specialized cells with the unique metabolic ability to dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat. We determined and inferred the flux of a number of key catabolic metabolites, their changes in response to adrenergic stimulation, and the dependency on the presence of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 and/or oxidative phosphorylation. This study provides reference values to approximate flux rates from a limited set of measured parameters in the future and thereby allows to evaluate the plausibility of claims about the capacity of metabolic adaptations or manipulations. From the resulting model, we delineate that in brown adipocytes (1) free fatty acids are a significant contributor to extracellular acidification, (2) glycogen is the dominant glycolytic substrate source in the acute response to an adrenergic stimulus, and (3) the futile cycling of free fatty acids between lipolysis and re-esterification into triglyceride provides a mechanism for uncoupling protein 1-independent, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schweizer
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ-Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ-Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ-Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Worsch S, Heikenwalder M, Hauner H, Bader BL. Dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids upregulate energy dissipating metabolic pathways conveying anti-obesogenic effects in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:65. [PMID: 30275870 PMCID: PMC6158869 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported on the anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects associated with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in our diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Two isocaloric high-fat diets (HFDs; 48 kJ% fat), HFD (HF) and n-3 LCPUFA-enriched HFD (HF/n-3), and a control diet (C; 13 kJ% fat) were used. The underlying mechanisms however have largely remained unclear. Here, we assessed whether the reduced fat mass reflected n-3 LCPUFA-induced expression changes in lipid metabolism of the intestine, liver, and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), as well as increased iBAT thermogenic capacity. Methods For HF/n-3, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were partially substituted by n-3 LCPUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to achieve a balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (0.84) compared to the unbalanced ratios of HF (13.5) and C (9.85). Intestine, liver and iBAT from male C57BL/6 J mice, fed defined soybean/palm oil-based diets for 12 weeks, were further analysed. Gene and protein expression analyses, immunohistochemistry and correlation analyses for metabolic interactions were performed. Results Compared to HF and C, our analyses suggest significantly diminished de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and/or increased hepatic and intestinal fatty acid oxidation (ω-oxidation and peroxisomal β-oxidation) in HF/n-3 mice. For iBAT, the thermogenic potential was enhanced upon HF/n-3 consistent with upregulated expression for uncoupling protein-1 and genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, a higher capacity for the supply and oxidation of fatty acids was observed and expression and correlation analyses indicated a coordinated regulation of energy metabolism and futile cycling of triacylglycerol (TAG). Moreover, HF/n-3 significantly increased the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages and eosinophils and significantly enhanced the levels of activated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Conclusions Our data suggest that by targeting transcriptional regulatory pathways, AMPKα, and FGF21 as potential mediators, HF/n-3 activated less efficient pathways for energy production, such as peroxisomal β-oxidation, increased ATP consumption upon the induction of futile cycling of TAG, and additionally increased the thermogenic and oxidative potential of iBAT. Therefore, we consider n-3 LCPUFA as the potent inducer for upregulating energy dissipating metabolic pathways conveying anti-obesogenic effects in mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0291-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Worsch
- 1Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,2ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- 4Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- 1Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,2ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München-Campus D, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard L Bader
- 1Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,2ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Uptown München-Campus D, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sepa-Kishi DM, Ceddia RB. Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is reduced, whereas its production is increased in a fat depot-specific manner in cold-acclimated rats. Adipocyte 2018; 7:238-247. [PMID: 30059270 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1504591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cold acclimation on circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels, as well as its production and signaling in classical brown and white adipose tissues. Male Wistar rats were cold (4°C) acclimatized for 7 days. Subsequently, liver, interscapular and aortic BAT (iBAT and aBAT), and the Sc Ing and epididymal (Epid) white adipose tissues were extracted. Cold acclimation significantly reduced circulating FGF21 and its liver expression. Conversely, FGF21 content increased in iBAT, aBAT and Sc Ing fat depots, along with the expressions of the Fgf21 receptor and the receptor co-factor β-klotho. Cold acclimation increased FGF21 secretion from Sc Ing and Epid adipocytes, although only iBAT and Sc Ing fat depots enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These findings provide evidence that FGF21 acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner in iBAT and Sc Ing fat depots under cold-acclimating conditions and may contribute to driving depot-specific thermogenic adaptive responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Sepa-Kishi
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rolando B. Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, Virtanen KA, Richard D, Haman F, Turcotte ÉE. Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 30131768 PMCID: PMC6090055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans primarily using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) has renewed the interest of the scientific and medical community in the possible role of BAT as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we offer a comprehensive review of BAT energy metabolism in humans. Considerable advances in methods to measure BAT energy metabolism, including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), chylomicron-triglycerides (TG), oxygen, Krebs cycle rate, and intracellular TG have led to very good quantification of energy substrate metabolism per volume of active BAT in vivo. These studies have also shown that intracellular TG are likely the primary energy source of BAT upon activation by cold. Current estimates of BAT's contribution to energy expenditure range at the lower end of what would be potentially clinically relevant if chronically sustained. Yet, 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold-standard defining method to quantify total BAT volume of activity, used to calculate BAT's total energy expenditure. Unfortunately, BAT glucose metabolism better reflects BAT's insulin sensitivity and blood flow. It is now clear that most glucose taken up by BAT does not fuel mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that BAT glucose uptake can therefore be disconnected from thermogenesis. Furthermore, BAT thermogenesis is efficiently recruited upon repeated cold exposure, doubling to tripling its total oxidative capacity, with reciprocal reduction of muscle thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that total BAT volume may be much larger than the typically observed 50-150 ml with 18FDG PET/CT. Therefore, the current estimates of total BAT thermogenesis, largely relying on total BAT volume using 18FDG PET/CT, may underestimate the true contribution of BAT to total energy expenditure. Quantification of the contribution of BAT to energy expenditure begs for the development of more integrated whole body in vivo methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|