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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Tsioufis P, Theofilis P, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415937. [PMID: 36555579 PMCID: PMC9788180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern.
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3
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Beck-Joseph J, Tabrizian M, Lehoux S. Molecular Interactions Between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737934. [PMID: 34722670 PMCID: PMC8554018 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the largest contributor toward life-threatening cardiovascular events. Cellular activity and cholesterol accumulation lead to vascular remodeling and the formation of fatty plaques. Complications arise from blood clots, forming at sites of plaque development, which may detach and result in thrombotic occlusions. Vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages play dominant roles in atherosclerosis. A firm understanding of how these cells influence and modulate each other is pivotal for a better understanding of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. Recent studies have investigated molecular interactions between both cell types and their impact on disease progression. Here we aim to review the current knowledge. Intercellular communications through soluble factors, physical contact, and extracellular vesicles are discussed. We also present relevant background on scientific methods used to study the disease, the general pathophysiology and intracellular factors involved in phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude this review with a discussion of the current state, shortcomings and potential future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnic Beck-Joseph
- Biomat'X Research Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomat'X Research Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lehoux
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Guo F, Hall AR, Tape CJ, Ling S, Pointon A. Intra- and intercellular signaling pathways associated with drug-induced cardiac pathophysiology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:675-687. [PMID: 34092416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac physiology and homeostasis are maintained by the interaction of multiple cell types, via both intra- and intercellular signaling pathways. Perturbations in these signaling pathways induced by oncology therapies can reduce cardiac function, ultimately leading to heart failure. As cancer survival increases, related cardiovascular complications are becoming increasingly prevalent, thus identifying the perturbations and cell signaling drivers of cardiotoxicity is increasingly important. Here, we discuss the homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions that form the basis of intra- and intercellular cardiac signaling pathways, and how oncological agents disrupt these pathways, leading to heart failure. We also highlight the emerging systems biology techniques that can be applied, enabling a deeper understanding of the intra- and intercellular signaling pathways across multiple cell types associated with cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Tape
- Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Chamera K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1063-1078. [PMID: 34021899 PMCID: PMC8413165 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a complex and heterogeneous molecular and clinical picture. Over the years of research on this disease, many factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, the inflammatory processes have gained particular interest in the context of schizophrenia due to the increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Within the immunological component, special attention has been brought to chemokines and their receptors. Among them, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, and its cognate ligand (CX3CL1) constitute a unique system in the central nervous system. In the view of regulation of the brain homeostasis through immune response, as well as control of microglia reactivity, the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 system may represent an attractive target for further research and schizophrenia treatment. In the review, we described the general characteristics of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis and the involvement of this signaling pathway in the physiological processes whose disruptions are reported to participate in mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. Furthermore, based on the available clinical and experimental data, we presented a guide to understanding the implication of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 dysfunctions in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Yang T, Guo L, Chen L, Li J, Li Q, Pi Y, Zhu J, Zhang L. A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102265. [PMID: 32814243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) and its specific receptor CX3CR1 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including recruitment of vascular cells and the development of inflammation. However, its contribution to regulating the development of atherosclerotic calcification has not been well documented. Osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical in the development of calcification in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the effect of FKN/CX3CR1 on the progression of VSMCs calcification and defined molecular signaling that is operative in the FKN/CX3CR1-induced osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. We found that high-fat diet induced atherosclerotic calcification in vivo was markedly inhibited in the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and CX3CR1 deficient (ApoE-/-/CX3CR1-/-) mice compared with their control littermates. FKN and CX3CR1 were both expressed in VSMCs and up-regulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). FKN/CX3CR1 promoted the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased VSMCs markers, including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22-α in a dose-dependent manner. The essential role of FKN/CX3CR1 in VSMCs calcification was further confirmed by lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of CX3CR1 blocked or accelerated osteogenic transformation of VSMCs. This response was associated with reciprocal up- and down-regulation of osteogenic factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RNAKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), respectively. Inhibition of FKN/CX3CR1-activated Jak2/Stat3 signaling by the Jak/Stat inhibitor AG490 blocked osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and RUNX2 induction concurrently. Taken together, our data uncovered novel roles of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting VSMC osteogenic transformation and atherosclerotic calcification by activating RUNX2 through Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and suppressing OPG. Our findings suggest that targeting FKN/CX3CR1 may provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Li C, Zhong X, Xia W, He J, Gan H, Zhao H, Xia Y. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is upregulated in chronic kidney disease and contributes to angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104037. [PMID: 32615135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the chemokine axis, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, in the development of cardiovascular diseases has been widely speculated. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pivotal factor promoting cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether there is a link between the two in CKD remains unclear. METHODS The uremic mice were treated with losartan for 8 weeks, and the expression of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 was detected. Cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with Ang II, and then CX3CR1 expression was assessed by western blot. After the targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA, the migration of VSMCs was detected by transwell assay. Finally, both the activation of Akt pathway and the expression of IL-6 were detected by western blot. RESULTS Losartan treatment reduced the upregulation of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in uremic mice. In vitro, Ang II significantly upregulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 attenuated Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs. In addition, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed Akt phosphorylation and IL-6 production in VSMCs stimulated by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS The aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is upregulated by Ang II in CKD, and it contributes to Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Uremia/metabolism
- Uremia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Class 4, Grade 2, Guangzhou Zhixin High School, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - HongFei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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8
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Muraoka S, Nishio J, Kuboi Y, Imai T, Nanki T. Rationale for and clinical development of anti-fractalkine antibody in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 32401060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. Expert opinion: A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Shao X, Wu B, Chen P, Hua F, Cheng L, Li F, Zhan Y, Liu C, Ji L, Min Z, Sun L, Cheng Y, Chen H. Circulating CX3CR1 +CD163 + M2 monocytes markedly elevated and correlated with cardiac markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:578. [PMID: 32566605 PMCID: PMC7290533 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Vulnerable plaques have been generally recognized to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however, the role of circulating CX3CR1+CD163+ M2 monocytes has not been studied properly. We aim to evaluate the features of CX3CR1+CD163+ M2 monocytes and its relationship with cardiac specific markers in AMI patients. Methods The circulating M2 monocytes were identified in AMI patients (n=35) and healthy controls (HCs, n=10) by flow cytometry using two staining methods: CD68+CD163+ (cytoplasmic staining) and CX3CR1+CD163+ (surface staining). CX3CR1+ monocytes were purified by magnetic cell sorting. The expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot in CX3CR1+ monocytes. Results Circulating M2 monocytes extremely expanded in AMI patients compared with HCs (P<0.01). Positive linear correlation was confirmed between CD68+CD163+ and CX3CR1+CD163+ cell populations in AMI patients (r=0.39, P=0.02). The percentage of circulating CX3CR1+CD163+ M2 monocytes positively correlated with cardiac specific markers (cTNT, CK-MB) and acute phase markers (glucose, hs-CRP) (cTNT, r=0.63, P<0.01, CK-MB, r=0.54, P<0.01, glucose, r=0.62, P<0.01, hs-CRP, r=0.58, P<0.01). CX3CR1+ monocytes in AMI patients expressed higher levels of PPARγ and Arg-1 than those in HCs (P<0.01). Conclusions Circulating M2 monocytes increased in AMI patients and positively correlated with the elevation of both cardiac specific and acute phase markers. CX3CR1+CD163+ M2 monocytes might have application value for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boting Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fanli Hua
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qinpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Luya Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qinpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhihui Min
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qinpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qinpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China.,Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xuhui Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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10
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Cho CH, Lho YM, Hwang I, Kim DH. Role of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the development of frozen shoulder: human data and experimental analysis in a rat contracture model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:1265-1272. [PMID: 30846222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although frozen shoulder (FS) is a common shoulder disorder, its pathogenesis is not yet determined. The function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is related to extracellular matrix remodeling. The purposes of this study were to investigate the pattern of sequential expression of MMPs in a rat model of shoulder contracture and to compare the expression of MMPs in the joint capsule between patients with FS and a control group. METHODS We obtained joint capsules from rats immobilized by molding plaster (a shoulder contracture model) at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks (4 rats per time point; 16 rats in total). The expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), MMP-2, and MMP-9 was examined by immunohistochemistry. We also obtained joint capsules from 21 patients with FS and 13 control patients with instability to quantify the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the rat model, IL-6 and MMP-9 tended to be overexpressed in the joint capsule at 3 days and 1 week and MMP-2 at 3 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly overexpressed in the joint capsules of the patients with FS compared with those of control patients. CONCLUSION The results from both human and animal studies suggest the involvement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the development of FS. Animal study showed that the sequential expression of IL-6 and MMPs may be associated with fibrosis of the joint capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mee Lho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hwan Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Abstract
With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.
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12
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Niu F, Liao K, Hu G, Sil S, Callen S, Guo ML, Yang L, Buch S. Cocaine-induced release of CXCL10 from pericytes regulates monocyte transmigration into the CNS. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:700-721. [PMID: 30626719 PMCID: PMC6363463 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201712011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is known to facilitate the transmigration of inflammatory leukocytes into the brain, an important mechanism underlying neuroinflammation. Pericytes are well-recognized as important constituents of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), playing a key role in maintaining barrier integrity. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that exposure of human brain vascular pericytes to cocaine results in enhanced secretion of CXCL10, leading, in turn, to increased monocyte transmigration across the BBB both in vitro and in vivo. This process involved translocation of σ-1 receptor (σ-1R) and interaction of σ-1R with c-Src kinase, leading to activation of the Src-PDGFR-β-NF-κB pathway. These findings imply a novel role for pericytes as a source of CXCL10 in the pericyte-monocyte cross talk in cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation, underpinning their role as active components of the innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shannon Callen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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13
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Perbellini F, Watson SA, Bardi I, Terracciano CM. Heterocellularity and Cellular Cross-Talk in the Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:143. [PMID: 30443550 PMCID: PMC6221907 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular specialization and interactions with other cell types are the essence of complex multicellular life. The orchestrated function of different cell populations in the heart, in combination with a complex network of intercellular circuits of communication, is essential to maintain a healthy heart and its disruption gives rise to pathological conditions. Over the past few years, the development of new biological research tools has facilitated more accurate identification of the cardiac cell populations and their specific roles. This review aims to provide an overview on the significance and contributions of the various cellular components: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells. It also aims to describe their role in cardiac development, physiology and pathology with a particular focus on the importance of heterocellularity and cellular interaction between these different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Perbellini
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cesare M. Terracciano
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Li C, He J, Zhong X, Gan H, Xia Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Inflammation 2018; 41:824-834. [PMID: 29356931 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) dysregulation has been determined in many diseases. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis, which has a key role in cardiovascular diseases, is involved in the proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we aim to explore whether Ang II has a role in the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1, thus contributing to the proliferation and pro-inflammatory status of VSMCs. Cultured mouse aortic VSMCs were stimulated with 100 nmol/L of Ang II, and the expression of CX3CR1 was assessed by western blot. The results demonstrated that Ang II significantly up-regulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and AT1 receptor significantly reduced Ang II-induced CX3CR1 expression. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA significantly attenuated Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation as well as down-regulated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed the effect of Ang II on stimulating Akt phosphorylation. Besides, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA decreased inflammatory cytokine production induced by Ang II treatment. Our results indicate that Ang II up-regulates CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs via NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis contributes to the proliferative and pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Macarie RD, Vadana M, Ciortan L, Tucureanu MM, Ciobanu A, Vinereanu D, Manduteanu I, Simionescu M, Butoi E. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 is up-regulated by smooth muscle cells after their cross-talk with macrophages in high glucose conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4366-4376. [PMID: 29992758 PMCID: PMC6111860 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease-related death, exhibiting highly vulnerable plaques. Many studies have highlighted the major role of macrophages (MAC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) and the essential part of metalloproteases (MMPs) in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. We hypothesize that in diabetes, the interplay between MAC and SMC in high glucose conditions may modify the expression of MMPs involved in plaque vulnerability. The SMC-MAC cross-talk was achieved using trans-well chambers, where human SMC were grown at the bottom and human MAC in the upper chamber in normal (NG) or high (HG) glucose concentration. After cross-talk, the conditioned media and cells were isolated and investigated for the expression of MMPs, MCP-1 and signalling molecules. We found that upon cross-talk with MAC in HG, SMC exhibit: (i) augmented expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9; (ii) significant increase in the enzymatic activity of MMP-9; (iii) higher levels of soluble MCP-1 chemokine which is functionally active and involved in MMPs up-regulation; (iv) activated PKCα signalling pathway which, together with NF-kB are responsible for MMP-1 and MMP-9 up-regulation, and (v) impaired function of collagen assembly. Taken together, our data indicate that MCP-1 released by cell cross-talk in diabetic conditions binds to CCR2 and triggers MMP-1 and MMP-9 over-expression and activity, features that could explain the high vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque found at diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Daniel Macarie
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Mihaela Vadana
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Letitia Ciortan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Monica M. Tucureanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Andrea Ciobanu
- Cardiology DepartmentCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University and Emergency Hospital BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- Cardiology DepartmentCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University and Emergency Hospital BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Biopathology and Therapy of InflammationBucharestRomania
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16
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Anderson JA, Lamichhane S, Vierhout T, Engebretson D. Determining the cross-talk between smooth muscle cells and macrophages on a cobalt-chromium stent material surface using an in vitro postimplantation coculture model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:673-685. [PMID: 29047206 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages are important cellular components involved in the development of complications following the implantation of cardiovascular devices. This leads to various disorders such as restenosis, chronic inflammation, and may ultimately result in device failure. In this study, we developed a postimplant stent coculture model using different ratios of SMCs and macrophages seeded on to cobalt-chromium alloy. The macrophages had an increased affinity to the coculture surfaces, which resulted in decreased SMC attachment to the alloy surfaces at the initial time point. Once adhered, the macrophages spread freely and displayed advanced stages of inflammation at 48 h when cocultured with SMCs. This resulted in an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) by 48 h in the coculture samples with the greatest increase observed with the high number of macrophages. Therefore, the increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines promoted the growth of SMCs in coculture to a greater extent than when the SMCs were culture alone. Thus, this study demonstrated the constant cross-talk between SMCs and macrophages occurring on the postimplant stent surface. Similar coculture models can be used to test the biocompatibility of drugs and biomaterials at possible postimplantation scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 673-685, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Sujan Lamichhane
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Thomas Vierhout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of South Dakota, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
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17
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Rowinska Z, Koeppel TA, Sanati M, Schelzig H, Jankowski J, Weber C, Zernecke A, Liehn EA. Role of the CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis after aortic transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170644. [PMID: 28234900 PMCID: PMC5325192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is expressed on monocytes as well as tissue resident cells, such as smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Its role in atherosclerotic tissue remodeling of the aorta after transplantation has not been investigated. METHODS We here have orthotopically transplanted infrarenal Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- and Cx3cr1+/+Apoe-/- aortic segments into Apoe-/-mice, as well as Apoe-/- aortic segments into Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- mice. The intimal plaque size and cellular plaque composition of the transplanted aortic segment were analyzed after four weeks of atherogenic diet. RESULTS Transplantation of Cx3cr-/-Apoe-/- aortic segments into Apoe-/- mice resulted in reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation compared to plaque size in Apoe-/- or Cx3cr1-/-Apoe-/- mice after transplantation of Apoe-/- aortas. This reduction in lesion formation was associated with reduced numbers of lesional SMCs but not macrophages within the transplanted Cx3cr-/- Apoe-/- aortic segment. No differences in frequencies of proliferating and apoptotic cells could be observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CX3CR1 on resident vessel wall cells plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in transplanted aortic grafts. Targeting of vascular CX3CL1/CX3CR1 may therefore be explored as a therapeutic option in vascular transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rowinska
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Interdisciplinary Vein Center, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Koeppel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Asklepios St. Georg Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Sanati
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institut for Prevention and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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18
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Xue XH, Zhou XM, Wei W, Chen T, Su QP, Tao J, Chen LD. Alisol A 24-Acetate, a Triterpenoid Derived from Alisma orientale, Inhibits Ox-LDL-Induced Phenotypic Transformation and Migration of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Suppressing ERK1/2 Signaling. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:291-300. [PMID: 27924795 DOI: 10.1159/000448715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alisol A 24-acetate, a triterpenoid extracted from Alisma orientale, has shown antiatherosclerotic actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of alisol A 24-acetate on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced phenotypic transformation and migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. VSMCs were pretreated with alisol A 24-acetate and a specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, U0126, and then stimulated with 50 mg/l Ox-LDL in vitro. The expression of VSMC phenotypic marker SM22α was determined using immunocytochemistry, and the migration of VSMCs was detected using a scratch-wound healing assay. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and total ERK was determined. Ox-LDL treatment caused a reduction in SM22α expression, VSMC transformation to the synthetic phenotype, increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis, the extension of VSMC migration distance and the upregulation of pERK1/2 expression, while the addition of alisol A 24-acetate or U0126 resulted in the elevation of SM22α expression, VSMC transformation to the contractile phenotype, a reduction in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, the shortening of cell migration distance and decreased pERK1/2 expression. The results of this study demonstrate that alisol A 24-acetate effectively reverses the phenotypic transformation and inhibits the migration of VSMCs, which may be associated with the suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Hua Xue
- Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Tucureanu MM, Butoi E, Gan AM, Stan D, Constantinescu CA, Calin M, Simionescu M, Manduteanu I. Amendment of the cytokine profile in macrophages subsequent to their interaction with smooth muscle cells: Differential modulation by fractalkine and resistin. Cytokine 2016; 83:250-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Cross-talk between macrophages and smooth muscle cells impairs collagen and metalloprotease synthesis and promotes angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1568-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Faas MM, de Vos P. Maternal monocytes in pregnancy and preeclampsia in humans and in rats. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 119:91-97. [PMID: 27396500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are short-lived cells, arising from the bone marrow and maturing in the circulation. They play an important role in immune responses and are thought to be important for healthy pregnancy. In humans, 3 subpopulations of monocytes have been identified: classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. These subpopulations have different functions and phenotypical characteristics. Healthy pregnancy is characterized by a pro-inflammatory condition, with increased numbers of monocytes and monocyte activation as well as with increased numbers of intermediate monocytes and decreased numbers of classical monocytes. This may suggest monocyte maturation. Preeclampsia is an important pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria developing in the second half of pregnancy. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is associated with further activation of the inflammatory response, further activation of monocytes and further monocyte maturation. In the present review we focus on the role of monocyte activation and maturation in healthy and preeclamptic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Faas
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - P de Vos
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Liu W, Jiang L, Bian C, Liang Y, Xing R, Yishakea M, Dong J. Role of CX3CL1 in Diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:371-83. [PMID: 27098399 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small 8-10 kDa inducible cytokines. Initially characterized as chemotactic factors, they are now considered to affect not just cellular recruitment. CX3CL1 is a unique chemokine that can exist in a soluble form, as a chemotactic cytokine, or in a membrane-attached form that acts as a binding molecule. Recently, the effects of CX3CL1 on diseases, such as inflammation and cancer, have been supported and confirmed by numerous publications. However, due to its dual effects, CX3CL1 exerts numerous effects on pathophysiological conditions that have both negative and positive consequences on pathogenesis and outcome. This review article summarizes the important scientific and clinical data that now point to a critical role for CX3CL1 in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- WangMi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chong Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mumingjiang Yishakea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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23
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Biel NM, Santostefano KE, DiVita BB, El Rouby N, Carrasquilla SD, Simmons C, Nakanishi M, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson JA, Terada N. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Hypertensive Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Advance Hypertension Pharmacogenomics. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1380-90. [PMID: 26494780 PMCID: PMC4675511 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Studies in hypertension (HTN) pharmacogenomics seek to identify genetic sources of variable antihypertensive drug response. Genetic association studies have detected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that link to drug responses; however, to understand mechanisms underlying how genetic traits alter drug responses, a biological interface is needed. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a potential source for studying otherwise inaccessible tissues that may be important to antihypertensive drug response. The present study established multiple iPSC lines from an HTN pharmacogenomics cohort. We demonstrated that established HTN iPSCs can robustly and reproducibly differentiate into functional vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a cell type most relevant to vasculature tone control. Moreover, a sensitive traction force microscopy assay demonstrated that iPSC-derived VSMCs show a quantitative contractile response on physiological stimulus of endothelin-1. Furthermore, the inflammatory chemokine tumor necrosis factor α induced a typical VSMC response in iPSC-derived VSMCs. These studies pave the way for a large research initiative to decode biological significance of identified SNPs in hypertension pharmacogenomics. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment of hypertension remains suboptimal, and a pharmacogenomics approach seeks to identify genetic biomarkers that could be used to guide treatment decisions; however, it is important to understand the biological underpinnings of genetic associations. Mouse models do not accurately recapitulate individual patient responses based on their genetics, and hypertension-relevant cells are difficult to obtain from patients. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provides a great interface to bring patient cells with their genomic data into the laboratory and to study hypertensive responses. As an initial step, the present study established an iPSC bank from patients with primary hypertension and demonstrated an effective and reproducible method of generating functional vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett M. Biel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine E. Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bayli B. DiVita
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Santiago D. Carrasquilla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Chelsey Simmons
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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24
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Ghosh A, Pechota LVTA, Upchurch GR, Eliason JL. Cross-talk between macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in response to cigarette smoke: the effects on MMP2 and 9. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:75-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Zhang H, Faber JE. De-novo collateral formation following acute myocardial infarction: Dependence on CCR2⁺ bone marrow cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:4-16. [PMID: 26254180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wide variation exists in the extent (number and diameter) of native pre-existing collaterals in tissues of different strains of mice, with supportive indirect evidence recently appearing for humans. This variation is a major determinant of the wide variation in severity of tissue injury in occlusive vascular disease. Whether such genetic-dependent variation also exists in the heart is unknown because no model exists for study of mouse coronary collaterals. Also owing to methodological limitations, it is not known if ischemia can induce new coronary collaterals to form ("neo-collaterals") versus remodeling of pre-existing ones. The present study sought to develop a model to study coronary collaterals in mice, determine whether neo-collateral formation occurs, and investigate the responsible mechanisms. Four strains with known rank-ordered differences in collateral extent in brain and skeletal muscle were studied: C57BLKS>C57BL/6>A/J>BALB/c. Unexpectedly, these and 5 additional strains lacked native coronary collaterals. However after ligation, neo-collaterals formed rapidly within 1-to-2 days, reaching their maximum extent in ≤7 days. Rank-order for neo-collateral formation differed from the above: C57BL/6>BALB/c>C57BLKS>A/J. Collateral network conductance, infarct volume(-1), and contractile function followed this same rank-order. Neo-collateral formation and collateral conductance were reduced and infarct volume increased in MCP1(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice. Bone-marrow transplant rescued collateral formation in CCR2(-/-) mice. Involvement of fractalkine➔CX3CR1 signaling and endothelial cell proliferation were also identified. This study introduces a model for investigating the coronary collateral circulation in mice, demonstrates that neo-collaterals form rapidly after coronary occlusion, and finds that MCP➔CCR2-mediated recruitment of myeloid cells is required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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26
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Vajen T, Mause SF, Koenen RR. Microvesicles from platelets: novel drivers of vascular inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:228-36. [PMID: 25994053 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are receiving increased attention not only as biomarkers but also as mediators of cell communication and as integral effectors of disease. Platelets present a major source of microvesicles and release these microvesicles either spontaneously or upon activation. Platelet-derived microvesicles retain many features of their parent cells and have been shown to exert modulatory effects on vascular and immune cells. Accordingly, microvesicles from platelets can be measured at increased levels in patients with cardiovascular disease or individuals at risk. In addition, isolated microvesicles from platelets were shown to exert immunomodulatory actions on various cell types. In this review the various aspects of platelet-derived microvesicles including release, clearance, measurement, occurrence during disease and relevance for the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R R Koenen
- Rory R. Koenen, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 43 3881674, Fax: +31 43 3884159, E-mail:
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Evans JF, Salvador V, George S, Trevino-Gutierrez C, Nunez C. Mouse aorta-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells contribute to and enhance the immune response of macrophage cells under inflammatory conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:56. [PMID: 25889992 PMCID: PMC4414009 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal progenitor cells interact with immune cells and modulate inflammatory responses. The cellular characteristics required for this modulation are under fervent investigation. Upon interaction with macrophage cells, they can contribute to or suppress an inflammatory response. Current studies have focused on mesenchymal progenitors derived from bone marrow, adipose, and placenta. However, the arterial wall contains many mesenchymal progenitor cells, which during vascular disease progression have the potential to interact with macrophage cells. To examine the consequence of vascular-tissue progenitor cell-macrophage cell interactions in an inflammatory environment, we used a recently established mesenchymal progenitor cell line derived from the mouse aorta. Methods Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (MΦ) cells and mouse aorta-derived mesenchymal progenitor (mAo) cells were cultured alone or co-cultured directly and indirectly. Cells were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or exposed to the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) or both. A Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-deficient macrophage cell line was used to determine the role of the mAo cells. To monitor inflammation, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) secretions were measured. Results Mesenchymal progenitor cells isolated from aorta and cloned by high proliferative capacity (mAo) can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages and are positive for several commonly used mouse mesenchymal stem cell markers (that is, CD29, CD44, CD105, CD106, and Sca-1) but are negative for CD73 and ecto-5′-nucleotidase. In co-culture with MΦ cells, they increase MΦ oxidized-LDL uptake by 52.2%. In an inflammatory environment, they synergistically and additively contribute to local production of both NO and IL-6. After exposure to ox-LDL, the inflammatory response of MΦ cells to LPS and LPS/IFNγ is muted. However, when lipid-laden MΦ cells are co-cultured with mAo cell progenitors, the muted response is recovered and the contribution by the mAo cell progenitor is dependent upon cell contact. Conclusions The resident mesenchymal progenitor cell is a potential contributor to vascular inflammation when in contact with inflamed and lipid-laden MΦ cells. This interaction represents an additional target in vascular disease treatment. The potential for resident cells to contribute to the local immune response should be considered when designing therapeutics targeting inflammatory vascular disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0071-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi F Evans
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA. .,Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 222 Station Plaza North Suite 501, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - Veronica Salvador
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - Sheela George
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - Cristina Trevino-Gutierrez
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA. .,Molloy College, 1000 Hempstead Avenue, Rockville Centre, NY, 11571, USA.
| | - Catherine Nunez
- Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA. .,Molloy College, 1000 Hempstead Avenue, Rockville Centre, NY, 11571, USA.
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Liu Q, Li J, Liang Q, Wang D, Luo Y, Yu F, Janicki JS, Fan D. Sparstolonin B suppresses rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, inflammatory response and lipid accumulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 67-69:59-66. [PMID: 25869499 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is a TLR2/TLR4 antagonist that inhibits inflammatory responses in multiple cell types. Herein, we investigated if SsnB inhibited VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammatory response and lipid accumulation. We found that SsnB suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration induced by PDGF. SsnB significantly suppressed the expression of MCP-1, TNFα and IL-6 in VSMCs stimulated by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PDGF. Erk1/2 and Akt signaling pathways, which are responsible for the VSMC inflammatory response, were activated by LPS or PDGF stimulation, and SsnB significantly inhibited their activation. SsnB also substantially suppressed the intracellular cholesterol accumulation in VSMCs loaded with acetylated LDL. Mechanistically, SsnB remarkably repressed LPS-induced up-regulation of CD36, which is responsible for lipid uptake, and dramatically reversed LPS-induced inhibition of ABCA1, which promotes the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol. In conclusion, our results indicate that SsnB significantly inhibits VSMC proliferation, migration, inflammatory responses and lipid accumulation. Along with the previously reported anti-inflammatory activities of SsnB on macrophages and vascular endothelial cells, our data strongly suggest that SsnB may be developed as a new anti-atherogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Qiaoli Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, United States.
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Placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1334-43. [PMID: 25769431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) includes the release of placental factors into the maternal circulation, inducing an inflammatory environment in the mother. One of the factors may be the proinflammatory chemokine fractalkine, which is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta, from where it is released into the maternal circulation by constitutive shedding. We examined whether placental fractalkine is up-regulated in severe early-onset PE and whether the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are able to increase the expression of fractalkine. Gene expression analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry consistently showed increased fractalkine expression in placentas from severe early-onset PE, compared to gestational age-matched controls. Expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 10 and 17, which convert transmembrane fractalkine into the soluble form, was significantly increased in these cases. Incubation of first-trimester placental explants with TNF-α provoked a significant increase in fractalkine expression and release of the soluble form, whereas IL-6 had no effect. TNF-α-mediated up-regulation of placental fractalkine was reversed in the presence of the aspirin-derivative salicylate, which impaired activation of NF-κB p65 in TNF-α-treated explants. On the basis of data from placental explants, we suggest that increased maternal TNF-α may up-regulate the expression and release of placental fractalkine, which, in turn, may contribute to an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in PE.
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Jeong JW, Kim JW, Ku SK, Kim SG, Kim KY, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Chung HY, Kim CM, Choi YH. Essential oils purified from Schisandrae semen inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25651915 PMCID: PMC4323209 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the tunica media to the subendothelial region may be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis after arterial injury. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Schisandrae Semen essential oil (SSeo) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). METHODS Metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and gelatinase activity assay kit. The possible mechanisms underlying SSeo-mediated reduction of by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in HASMCs were investigated. RESULTS Our results indicate that SSeo treatment has an inhibitory effect on activation as well as expression of MMP-9 induced by TNF-α in HASMCs in a dose-dependent manner without significant cytotoxicity. SSeo attenuated nuclear translocation of TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and blocked degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor proteins as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. SSeo also reduced TNF-α-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in HASMCs. Furthermore, the Matrigel migration assay showed that SSeo effectively reduced TNF-α-induced HASMC migration compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo treatment suppresses TNF-α-induced HASMC migration by selectively inhibiting MMP-9 expression, which was associated with suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo has putative potential anti-atherosclerotic activity.
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Zuniga MC, White SLP, Zhou W. Design and utilization of macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell co-culture systems in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease investigation. Vasc Med 2014; 19:394-406. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14550542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been acknowledged as a chronic inflammatory condition. Monocytes and macrophages lead the inflammatory pathology of atherosclerosis whereas changes in atheromatous plaque thickness and matrix composition are attributed to vascular smooth muscle cells. Because these cell types are key players in atherosclerosis progression, it is crucial to utilize a reliable system to investigate their interaction. In vitro co-culture systems are useful platforms to study specific molecular mechanisms between cells. This review aims to summarize the various co-culture models that have been developed to investigate vascular smooth muscle cell and monocyte/macrophage interactions, focusing on the monocyte/macrophage effects on vascular smooth muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Zuniga
- Surgical Services, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sharla L Powell White
- Division of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Surgical Services, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Cross Talk Between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Monocytes Through Interleukin-1β/Interleukin-18 Signaling Promotes Vein Graft Thickening. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2001-11. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are key proinflammatory cytokines that play important roles in the pathophysiology of vein graft remodeling. However, the mechanism of IL-1β/IL-18 production and its role in the development of graft remodeling remain unclear.
Approach and Results—
IL-1β/IL-18 were rapidly expressed in venous interposition grafts. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) death and monocytic inflammasome activation occurred in grafted veins. Necrotic VSMCs induced the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and other inflammasome-associated proteins in monocytes, which was partially inhibited by their antagonist, recombinant IL-1ra-Fc-IL-18bp. Activated monocytes stimulated proliferation of VSMCs by activating cell growth–related signaling molecules (AKT, STAT3, ERK1/2, and mTOR [AKT/protein kinase B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, mammalian target of rapamycin]) and increasing production of platelet-derived growth factor-bb; these effects were suppressed by IL-1ra-Fc-IL-18bp. Activated monocytes also promoted migration of VSMCs, which was independent of IL-1β/IL-18 signaling. Importantly, administration of IL-1ra-Fc-IL-18bp inhibited activation of cell growth–related signaling molecules, VSMC proliferation, and vein graft thickening in vivo.
Conclusions—
Our work identified an interaction among necrotic VSMCs, monocytes, and viable VSMCs through IL-1β/IL-18 signaling, which might be exploited as a therapeutic target in vein graft remodeling.
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Gan AM, Butoi E, Manea A, Pirvulescu MM, Stan D, Simion V, Calin M, Simionescu M, Manduteanu I. Functional analysis of the fractalkine gene promoter in human aortic smooth muscle cells exposed to proinflammatory conditions. FEBS J 2014; 281:3869-81. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Gan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Adrian Manea
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Monica Madalina Pirvulescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Daniela Stan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Viorel Simion
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest Romania
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BMP-2 and -4 produced by vascular smooth muscle cells from atherosclerotic lesions induce monocyte chemotaxis through direct BMPRII activation. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bruce AC, Kelly-Goss MR, Heuslein JL, Meisner JK, Price RJ, Peirce SM. Monocytes are recruited from venules during arteriogenesis in the murine spinotrapezius ligation model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2012-22. [PMID: 24969773 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic arterial occlusion results in arteriogenesis of collateral blood vessels. This process has been shown to be dependent on the recruitment of growth-promoting macrophages to remodeling collaterals. However, the potential role of venules in monocyte recruitment during microvascular arteriogenesis is not well demonstrated. First, we aim to document that arteriogenesis occurs in the mouse spinotrapezius ligation model. Then, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution, as well as proliferation, of monocytes/macrophages recruited to collateral arterioles in response to elevated fluid shear stress. APPROACH AND RESULTS Laser speckle flowmetry confirmed a postligation increase in blood velocity within collateral arterioles but not within venules. After 72 hours post ligation, collateral arteriole diameters were increased, proliferating cells were identified in vessel walls of shear-activated collaterals, and perivascular CD206(+) macrophages demonstrated proliferation. A 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay identified proliferation. CD68(+)CD206(+) cells around collaterals were increased 96%, whereas CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells were increased 126% in ligated versus sham groups after 72 hours. CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells were predominately venule associated at 6 hours after ligation; and CX3CR1((+/GFP hi)) cells shifted from venule to arteriole associated between 6 and 72 hours after surgery exclusively in ligated muscle. We report accumulation and extravasation of adhered CX3CR1((+/GFP)) cells in and from venules, but not from arterioles, after ligation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that arteriogenesis occurs in the murine spinotrapezius ligation model and implicate postcapillary venules as the site of tissue entry for circulating monocytes. Local proliferation of macrophages is also documented. These data open up questions about the role of arteriole-venule communication during monocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Bruce
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Molly R Kelly-Goss
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joshua L Heuslein
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joshua K Meisner
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Richard J Price
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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Yin Y, Wan J, Li P, Jia Y, Sun R, Pan G, Wan G. Protective effect of Xin Mai Jia ultrafiltration extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by hydrogen peroxide and the effect on the NO-cGMP signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:38-48. [PMID: 24944594 PMCID: PMC4061210 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the ultrafiltration extract of Xin Mai Jia (XMJ) on a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by providing experimental data to investigate the mechanism and efficacy underlying the therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. HUVECs were first injured by H2O2 and then varying final concentrations of the Chinese herb extract were added. Effects of the XMJ extract on morphology, activity, monolayer permeability, biochemical indicators, cytokines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein content and eNOS gene expression in the HUVECs were analyzed. H2O2 significantly promoted HUVEC injury. The XMJ ultrafiltration extract significantly improved the morphological changes in the injured HUVECs. In addition, XMJ treatment increased cell activity and decreased monolayer permeability. The expression levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-1 and -6 and nuclear factor-κB decreased, while the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 increased with XMJ administration. Increased levels of nitric oxide (NO), eNOS protein and eNOS gene expression were also observed. Therefore, the XMJ ultrafiltration extract exhibits marked anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant abilities. These properties significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced injury of HUVECs, which may be associated with the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Sun
- Department of Inspection, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Guopin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Guangrui Wan
- Modern Technology Education Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Pirvulescu MM, Gan AM, Stan D, Simion V, Calin M, Butoi E, Manduteanu I. Subendothelial resistin enhances monocyte transmigration in a co-culture of human endothelial and smooth muscle cells by mechanisms involving fractalkine, MCP-1 and activation of TLR4 and Gi/o proteins signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:29-37. [PMID: 24508784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine resistin and the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) were found at increased levels in human atherosclerotic plaque, in the subendothelium, but their role in this location still needs to be characterized. Recently, high local resistin in the arterial vessel wall was shown to contribute to an enhanced accumulation of macrophages by mechanisms that need to be clarified. Our recent data showed that resistin activated smooth muscle cells (SMC) by up-regulating FKN and MCP-1 expression and monocyte chemotaxis by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Gi/o proteins. Since in the vessel wall both endothelial cells (EC) and SMC respond to cytokines and promote atherosclerosis, we questioned whether subendothelial resistin (sR) has a role in vascular cells cross-talk leading to enhanced monocyte transmigration and we investigated the mechanisms involved. To this purpose we used an in vitro system of co-cultured SMC and EC activated by sR and we analyzed monocyte transmigration. Our results indicated that: (1) sR enhanced monocyte transmigration in EC/SMC system compared to EC cultured alone; (2) sR activated TLR4 and Gi/o signaling in EC/SMC system and induced the secretion of more FKN and MCP-1 compared to EC cultured alone and used both chemokines to specifically recruit monocytes by CX3CR1 and CCR2 receptors. Moreover, FKN produced by resistin in EC/SMC system, by acting on CX3CR1 on EC/SMC specifically contributes to MCP-1 secretion in the system and to the enhanced monocyte transmigration. Our study indicates new possible targets for therapy to reduce resistin-dependent enhanced macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Gan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Daniela Stan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Viorel Simion
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
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Abstract
Chemokines play important roles in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Expressed by not only cells of the vessel wall but also emigrated leukocytes, chemokines were initially discovered to direct leukocytes to sites of inflammation. However, chemokines can also exert multiple functions beyond cell recruitment. Here, we discuss novel and recently emerging aspects of chemokines and their involvement in atherosclerosis. While reviewing newly identified roles of chemokines and their receptors in monocyte and neutrophil recruitment during atherogenesis and atheroregression, we also revisit homeostatic functions of chemokines, including their roles in cell homeostasis and foam cell formation. The functional diversity of chemokines in atherosclerosis warrants a clear-cut mechanistic dissection and stage-specific assessment to better appreciate the full scope of their actions in vascular inflammation and to identify pathways that harbor the potential for a therapeutic targeting of chemokines in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- From the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.Z.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany (A.Z.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (A.Z., C.W.); and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
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Gan AM, Pirvulescu MM, Stan D, Simion V, Calin M, Manduteanu I, Butoi E. Monocytes and smooth muscle cells cross-talk activates STAT3 and induces resistin and reactive oxygen species and production. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2273-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Gan
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Monica Madalina Pirvulescu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Daniela Stan
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation; Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy; Bucharest; Romania
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Inflammatory effects of resistin on human smooth muscle cells: up-regulation of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1 expression by TLR4 and Gi-protein pathways. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:161-74. [PMID: 23086480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the atherosclerotic plaque, smooth muscle cells (SMC) acquire an inflammatory phenotype. Resistin and fractalkine (CX3CL1) are found in human atheroma and not in normal arteries. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are predominately associated with SMC. We have questioned whether resistin has a role in the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in SMC thus contributing to the pro-inflammatory status of these cells. Cultured human aortic SMC were stimulated with 100 ng/ml resistin for 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, and then CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription with the polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. We found that resistin up-regulated CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in SMC and induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and STAT3. Inhibitors of p38MAPK, JAK-STAT, NF-kB, and AP-1 significantly reduced CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression. Knockdown of STAT1 and STAT3 with decoy oligodeoxinucleotides and the silencing of p65 and cjun with short interfering RNA decreased CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression. Anti-TLR4 antibody and pertussis toxin also reduced CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 protein expression. xCELLigence experiments revealed that resistin probably uses Gi-proteins for its effect on SMC. The CX3CL1 induced by resistin exhibited a chemotactic effect on monocyte transmigration. Thus, (1) resistin contributes to the pro-inflammatory state of SMC by the up-regulation of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression via a mechanism involving NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/3 transcription factors, (2) resistin employs TLR4 and Gi-protein signaling for its effect on SMC, (3) CX3CL1 induced by resistin is functional in monocyte chemotaxis. The data reveal new mechanisms by which resistin promotes the inflammatory phenotype of SMC.
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Tebbutt SJ, He JQ, Singh A, Shannon CP, Ruan J, Carlsten C. Transcriptional Changes of Blood Eosinophils After Methacholine Inhalation Challenge in Asthmatics. GENOMICS INSIGHTS 2012. [PMID: 26217105 PMCID: PMC4510604 DOI: 10.4137/gei.s9125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Methacholine challenge is commonly used within the asthma diagnostic algorithm. Methacholine challenge has recently been shown to induce airway remodelling in asthma via bronchoconstriction, without additional airway inflammation. We evaluated the effect of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction on the peripheral whole-blood transcriptome. Methods Fourteen males with adult-onset, occupational asthma, 26–77 years of age, underwent methacholine inhalation challenges. The concentration of methacholine eliciting a ≥20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was determined. Blood was collected immediately prior to and two hours after challenge. Complete blood counts and leukocyte differentials were obtained. Transcriptome analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays. Data were analyzed using robust LIMMA and SAM. The cell-specific Significance Analysis of Microarrays (csSAM) algorithm was used to deconvolute the gene expression data according to cell type. Results Microarray pathway analysis indicated that inflammatory processes were differentially affected. CsSAM identified 1,559 transcripts differentially expressed (all down-regulated) between pre- and post-methacholine in eosinophils at a false discovery cutoff of 10%. Notable changes included the GOLGA5 and METTL2B genes and the protein ubiquitination and CCR3 pathways. Conclusions We demonstrated significant changes in the peripheral blood eosinophil-specific transcriptome of asthmatics two hours after methacholine challenge. CCR3 and protein ubiquitination pathways are both significantly down-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Tebbutt
- James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amrit Singh
- James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian Ruan
- James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Institute for HEART+LUNG Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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