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Pizzuti V, Balducelli E, Nunzio MD, Conte D, Gessaroli E, Demetri M, Marrazzo P, Alviano F, Corradetti V, Maritati F, Manna GL, Comai G. Urine-derived renal epithelial cells isolated after kidney transplant are sensitive to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin exposure during in vitro culture. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151442. [PMID: 38986342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived renal epithelial cells (URECs) are highly voided after kidney transplant and express typical kidney markers, including markers of kidney epithelial progenitor cells. Recently URECs have shown promising immunomodulatory properties when cultured with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs), promoting an increase in the T regulatory cells. In vivo, kidney cells are highly exposed to damage associated molecules during both acute and chronic kidney injury. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is one of the most -known early marker of acute and chronic kidney damage. However, its role on the evolution of renal damage has not yet been fully described, nor has its impact on the characteristics of renal-derived cells during in vitro culture. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of NGAL on the characteristics of URECs isolated after kidney transplant, by exposing these cells to the treatment with NGAL during in vitro culture and evaluating its effect on UREC viability, proliferation, and immunomodulatory potential. The exposure of URECs to NGAL reduced their viability and proliferative capacity, promoting the onset of apoptosis. The immunomodulatory properties of URECs were partially inhibited by NGAL, without affecting the increase of Treg cells observed during UREC-PBMCs coculture. These results suggest that the exposure to NGAL may compromise some features of kidney stem and specialized cell types, reducing their viability, increasing apoptosis, and partially altering their immunomodulatory properties. Thus, NGAL could represent a target for approaches acting on its inhibition or reduction to improve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Emma Balducelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Miriam Di Nunzio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Diletta Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elisa Gessaroli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Marcello Demetri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Federica Maritati
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
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Xia Q, Du Z, Chen M, Zhou X, Bai W, Zheng X, Lin L, Zhao Y, Ding J, Wu Z, Zou H, Wang S, Xu L, Li E, Wu B. A protein complex of LCN2, LOXL2 and MMP9 facilitates tumour metastasis in oesophageal cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2451-2471. [PMID: 37753805 PMCID: PMC10620126 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During malignant tumour development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is usually abnormally regulated. Dysregulated expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) are associated with ECM remodelling. In this study, protein-protein interaction assays indicated that LCN2 and LOXL2 interactions and LCN2 and MMP9 interactions occurred both intracellularly and extracellularly, but interactions between LOXL2 and MMP9 only occurred intracellularly. The LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promoted migration and invasion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, as well as tumour growth and malignant progression in vivo, while the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) inhibited ESCC tumour growth. Co-overexpression of LCN2, LOXL2 and MMP9 enhanced the ability of tumour cells to degrade fibronectin and Matrigel, increased the formation and extension of filopodia, and promoted the rearrangement of microfilaments through upregulation of profilin 1. In addition, the LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promoted the expression of testican-1 (SPOCK1), and abnormally activated the FAK/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway. In summary, the LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promoted the migration and invasion of cancer cells and malignant tumour progression through multiple mechanisms and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- Central LaboratoryShantou Central HospitalChina
| | - Zepeng Du
- Central LaboratoryShantou Central HospitalChina
- Department of PathologyShantou Central HospitalChina
| | - Mantong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Central LaboratoryShantou Central HospitalChina
| | - Wenjing Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Yan Zhao
- Central LaboratoryShantou Central HospitalChina
| | - Jiyu Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Zhisheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Haiying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Department of PathologyShantou Central HospitalChina
| | - Liyan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Bingli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
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Bordeaux ZA, Choi J, Braun G, Davis C, Marani M, Lee K, Samuel C, Adams J, Windom R, Pollizzi A, Kambala A, Cornman H, Reddy SV, Lu W, Oladipo OO, Alphonse MP, West CE, Kwatra SG, Kwatra MM. Topical GZ21T Inhibits the Growth of Actinic Keratoses in a UVB-Induced Model of Skin Carcinogenesis. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100206. [PMID: 37533581 PMCID: PMC10392087 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are premalignant intraepidermal neoplasms that occur as a result of cumulative sun damage. AKs commonly relapse, and up to 16% undergo malignant transformation into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. There is a need for novel therapies that reduce the quantity and surface area of AKs as well as prevent malignant transformation to cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. We recently showed that GZ17-6.02, an anticancer agent composed of curcumin, haramine, and isovanillin, inhibited the growth of H297.T cells. This study evaluated the efficacy of a topical formulation of GZ17-6.02, known as GZ21T, in a murine model of AK generated by exposing SKH1 mice to UVR. Treatment of mice with topical GZ21T inhibited the growth of AKs by decreasing both lesion count (P = 0.012) and surface area occupied by tumor (P = 0.002). GZ21T also suppressed the progression of AKs to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by decreasing the count (P = 0.047) and surface area (P = 0.049) of lesions more likely to represent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses revealed that GZ21T suppressed several pathways, including MAPK (P = 0.025), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (P = 0.04), HIF-1α (P = 0.016), Wnt (P = 0.025), insulin (P = 0.018), and ERBB (P = 0.016) signaling. GZ21T also upregulated the autophagy-promoting protein AMPK while suppressing proteins such as PD-L1, glutaminase, pAkt1 S473, and eEF2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriella Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cole Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Melika Marani
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christeen Samuel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jackson Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Reed Windom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Pollizzi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anusha Kambala
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sriya V. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olusola O. Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cameron E. West
- Genzada Pharmaceuticals, Hutchinson, Kansas, USA
- US Dermatology Partners, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan M. Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, South Carolina, USA
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Romejko K, Markowska M, Niemczyk S. The Review of Current Knowledge on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10470. [PMID: 37445650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production is stimulated in response to inflammation. The concentrations of NGAL can be measured in plasma, urine, and biological fluids such as peritoneal effluent. NGAL is known mainly as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and is released after tubular damage and during renal regeneration processes. NGAL is also elevated in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. It may play a role as a predictor of the progression of renal function decreases with complications and mortality due to kidney failure. NGAL is also useful in the diagnostic processes of cardiovascular diseases. It is highly expressed in injured heart tissue and atherosclerostic plaque; its serum concentrations correlate with the severity of heart failure and coronary artery disease. NGAL increases inflammatory states and its levels rise in arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, and is also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on NGAL and its involvement in different pathologies, especially its role in renal and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Romejko
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Huang Z, Rui X, Yi C, Chen Y, Chen R, Liang Y, Wang Y, Yao W, Xu X, Huang Z. Silencing LCN2 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by reducing EGFR signal activation and recycling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:60. [PMID: 36899380 PMCID: PMC10007849 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR is an important signal involved in tumor growth that can induce tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Exploring targets for effective EGFR regulation is an important topic in current research and drug development. Inhibiting EGFR can effectively inhibit the progression and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) because OSCC is a type of cancer with high EGFR expression. However, the problem of EGFR drug resistance is particularly prominent, and identifying a new target for EGFR regulation could reveal an effective strategy. METHODS We sequenced wild type or EGFR-resistant OSCC cells and samples from OSCC patients with or without lymph node metastasis to find new targets for EGFR regulation to effectively replace the strategy of directly inhibiting EGFR and exert an antitumor effect. We then investigated the effect of LCN2 on OSCC biological abilities in vitro and in vivo through protein expression regulation. Subsequently, we elucidated the regulatory mechanism of LCN2 through mass spectrometry, protein interaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analyses. As a proof of concept, a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform was engineered for effective LCN2 siRNA (siLCN2) delivery, and a tongue orthotopic xenograft model as well as an EGFR-positive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were applied to investigate the curative effect of siLCN2. RESULTS We identified lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which is upregulated in OSCC metastasis and EGFR resistance. Inhibition of LCN2 expression can effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal activation. Mechanistically, LCN2 binds EGFR and enhances the recycling of EGFR, thereby activating the EGFR-MEK-ERK cascade. Inhibition of LCN2 effectively inhibited the activation of EGFR. We translated this finding by systemic delivery of siLCN2 by NPs, which effectively downregulated LCN2 in the tumor tissues, thereby leading to a significant inhibition of the growth and metastasis of xenografts. CONCLUSIONS This research indicated that targeting LCN2 could be a promising strategy for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Rui
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongju Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yancan Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weicheng Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Jian Z, Han Y, Zhang W, Li C, Guo W, Feng X, Li B, Li H. Anti-tumor effects of dual PI3K-HDAC inhibitor CUDC-907 on activation of ROS-IRE1α-JNK-mediated cytotoxic autophagy in esophageal cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:135. [PMID: 35989326 PMCID: PMC9394063 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PI3K-Akt pathway activation and the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are highly increased in esophageal cancer, suggesting that inhibition of such targets may be a viable therapeutic strategy. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of CUDC-907, a dual PI3K-HDAC inhibitor, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The anti-tumor effects of CUDC-907 in ESCC were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and western blot. mRNA-sequencing was used to explore the mechanism underlying CUDC-907 anti-tumor effects. The relations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and CUDC-907 were determined by flow cytometry, rescue experiments, and western blot. The activation of the IRE1α-JNK-CHOP signal cascade was confirmed by western blot. The in vivo inhibitory effects of CUDC-907 were examined by a subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice. Results CUDC-907 displayed effective inhibition in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Through an mRNA-sequencing and functional enrichment analysis, autophagy was found to be associated with cancer cells death. CUDC-907 not only inhibited the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways to result in autophagy, but also induced ROS accumulation to activate IRE1α-JNK-CHOP-mediated cytotoxic autophagy by downregulating LCN2 expression. Consistently, the in vivo anti-tumor effects of CUDC-907 accompanied by the downregulated expression of p-mTOR and LCN2 and upregulated expression of p-IRE1α and LC3B-II were evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion Our findings suggested the clinical development and administration of CUDC-907 might act as a novel treatment strategy for ESCC. A more in-depth understanding of the anti-tumor effect of CUDC-907 in ESCC will benefit the clinically targeted treatment of ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00855-x.
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TOB is an effector of the hippocampus-mediated acute stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:302. [PMID: 35906220 PMCID: PMC9338090 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress affects behavior and involves critical dynamic changes at multiple levels ranging from molecular pathways to neural circuits and behavior. Abnormalities at any of these levels lead to decreased stress resilience and pathological behavior. However, temporal modulation of molecular pathways underlying stress response remains poorly understood. Transducer of ErbB2.1, known as TOB, is involved in different physiological functions, including cellular stress and immediate response to stimulation. In this study, we investigated the role of TOB in psychological stress machinery at molecular, neural circuit, and behavioral levels. Interestingly, TOB protein levels increased after mice were exposed to acute stress. At the neural circuit level, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggested that intra-hippocampal and hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity were dysregulated in Tob knockout (Tob-KO) mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices showed increased postsynaptic AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission, accompanied by decreased GABA neurotransmission and subsequently altered Excitatory/Inhibitory balance after Tob deletion. At the behavioral level, Tob-KO mice show abnormal, hippocampus-dependent, contextual fear conditioning and extinction, and depression-like behaviors. On the other hand, increased anxiety observed in Tob-KO mice is hippocampus-independent. At the molecular level, we observed changes in factors involved in stress response like decreased stress-induced LCN2 expression and ERK phosphorylation, as well as increased MKP-1 expression. This study introduces TOB as an important modulator in the hippocampal stress signaling machinery. In summary, we reveal a molecular pathway and neural circuit mechanism by which Tob deletion contributes to expression of pathological stress-related behavior.
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Schröder SK, Pinoé-Schmidt M, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) Deficiency Leads to Cellular Changes in Highly Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line PC-3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020260. [PMID: 35053376 PMCID: PMC8773519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) also termed neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis in various cancers. Since the precise role of LCN2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood, we aimed to elucidate its functions in PCa in vitro. For this purpose, LCN2 was transiently suppressed or permanently depleted in human PC-3 cells using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Effects of LCN2 suppression on expression of different tumorigenic markers were investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. LCN2 knockout cells were analyzed for cellular changes and their ability to cope endoplasmic stress compared to parenteral PC-3 cells. Reduced LCN2 was accompanied by decreased expression of IL-1β and Cx43. In PC-3 cells, LCN2 deficiency leads to reduced proliferation, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lower adhesion, and disrupted F-actin distribution. In addition, IL-1β expression strongly correlated with LCN2 levels. LCN2 knockout cells showed enhanced and sustained activation of unfolded protein response proteins when treated with tunicamycin or cultured under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, an inverse correlation between phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (p-eIF2α) and LCN2 expression was observed suggesting that LCN2 triggers protein synthesis under stress conditions. The finding that LCN2 depletion leads to significant phenotypic and cellular changes in PC-3 cells adds LCN2 as a valuable target for the treatment of PCa.
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Wang F, Zhang C, Cheng H, Liu C, Lu Z, Zheng S, Wang S, Sun N, He J. TGF-β-induced PLEK2 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating LCN2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:901. [PMID: 34601488 PMCID: PMC8487427 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a relatively unfavourable prognosis due to metastasis and chemoresistance. Our previous research established a comprehensive ESCC database (GSE53625). After analysing data from TCGA database and GSE53625, we found that PLEK2 predicted poor prognosis in ESCC. Moreover, PLEK2 expression was also related to the overall survival of ESCC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Repression of PLEK2 decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of ESCC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity and distant metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that TGF-β stimulated the process that Smad2/3 binds to the promoter sequences of PLEK2 and induced its expression. RNA-seq suggested LCN2 might a key molecular regulated by PLEK2. LCN2 overexpression in PLEK2 knockdown ESCC cells reversed the effects of decreased migration and invasion. In addition, TGF-β induced the expression of LCN2, but the effect disappeared when PLEK2 was knockdown. Moreover, AKT was phosphorylated in all regulatory processes. This study detected the major role of PLEK2 in driving metastasis and chemoresistance in ESCC by regulating LCN2, which indicates the potential use of PLEK2 as a biomarker to predict prognosis and as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Villodre ES, Hu X, Larson R, Finetti P, Gomez K, Balema W, Stecklein SR, Santiago‐Sanchez G, Krishnamurthy S, Song J, Su X, Ueno NT, Tripathy D, Van Laere S, Bertucci F, Vivas‐Mejía P, Woodward WA, Debeb BG. Lipocalin 2 promotes inflammatory breast cancer tumorigenesis and skin invasion. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2752-2765. [PMID: 34342930 PMCID: PMC8486564 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of primary breast cancer characterized by rapid onset and high risk of metastasis and poor clinical outcomes. The biological basis for the aggressiveness of IBC is still not well understood and no IBC-specific targeted therapies exist. In this study, we report that lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a small secreted glycoprotein belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, is expressed at significantly higher levels in IBC vs non-IBC tumors, independently of molecular subtype. LCN2 levels were also significantly higher in IBC cell lines and in their culture media than in non-IBC cell lines. High expression was associated with poor-prognosis features and shorter overall survival in IBC patients. Depletion of LCN2 in IBC cell lines reduced colony formation, migration, and cancer stem cell populations in vitro and inhibited tumor growth, skin invasion, and brain metastasis in mouse models of IBC. Analysis of our proteomics data showed reduced expression of proteins involved in cell cycle and DNA repair in LCN2-silenced IBC cells. Our findings support that LCN2 promotes IBC tumor aggressiveness and offer a new potential therapeutic target for IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly S. Villodre
- Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xiaoding Hu
- Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Richard Larson
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive OncologyAix‐Marseille UniversityInsermCNRSInstitut Paoli‐CalmettesCRCMMarseilleFrance
| | - Kristen Gomez
- Department of Biological SciencesThe University of Texas at BrownsvilleTXUSA
| | - Wintana Balema
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Shane R. Stecklein
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ginette Santiago‐Sanchez
- Department Biochemistry and Cancer CenterUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Juhee Song
- Department of BiostatisticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON)University of AntwerpBelgium
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive OncologyAix‐Marseille UniversityInsermCNRSInstitut Paoli‐CalmettesCRCMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pablo Vivas‐Mejía
- Department Biochemistry and Cancer CenterUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Wendy A. Woodward
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Bisrat G. Debeb
- Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research ProgramThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
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11
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Hsieh YH, Tsai JP, Yu CL, Lee CC, Hsu JC, Chen JC. Overexpression of Lipocalin-2 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasiveness of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells by Activating ERK Targeting Cathepsin D Expression. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050390. [PMID: 34062746 PMCID: PMC8147321 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poorly understood. We observed that the overexpression of LCN2 inhibits GBM cell proliferation and invasion via activation of ERK-induced CTSD expression. LCN2 overexpression may be a treatment strategy and prognostic marker for GBM. Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effect of LCN2 in human GBM cell, and the mechanism underlying its effects on GBM malignant progression. We observed that LCN2 expression was significantly lower in GBM than in normal tissues and was associated with poorer GBM patient survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells showed significantly reduced proliferation and migration/invasion abilities. Human protease antibody array analysis showed that the expression of cathepsin D (CTSD) protein and mRNA was lower in LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells than in controls. Higher CTSD expression was observed in GBM tumors than in normal tissues, and higher CTSD expression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells exhibited increased ERK phosphorylation. Treatment of these cells with a MEK inhibitor (U0126) restored CTSD expression, cell migration, and cell invasiveness. In conclusion, LCN2 might be serving as a prognostic marker and promising anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic target for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jin-Cherng Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Krizanac M, Mass Sanchez PB, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. A Scoping Review on Lipocalin-2 and Its Role in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2865. [PMID: 33799862 PMCID: PMC8000927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess calorie intake and a sedentary lifestyle have made non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) one of the fastest growing forms of liver disease of the modern world. It is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver and can range from simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis as well as development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biopsy is the golden standard for the diagnosis and differentiation of all NAFLD stages, but its invasiveness poses a risk for patients, which is why new, non-invasive ways of diagnostics ought to be discovered. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which is a part of the lipocalin transport protein family, is a protein formally known for its role in iron transport and in inflammatory response. However, in recent years, its implication in the pathogenesis of NAFLD has become apparent. LCN2 shows significant upregulation in several benign and malignant liver diseases, making it a good candidate for the NAFLD biomarker or even a therapeutic target. What makes LCN2 more interesting to study is the fact that it is overexpressed in HCC development induced by chronic NASH, which is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths. However, to this day, neither its role as a biomarker for NAFLD nor the molecular mechanisms of its implication in NAFLD pathogenesis have been completely elucidated. This review aims to gather and closely dissect the current knowledge about, sometimes conflicting, evidence on LCN2 as a biomarker for NAFLD, its involvement in NAFLD, and NAFLD-HCC related pathogenesis, while comparing it to the findings in similar pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.K.); (P.B.M.S.)
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.K.); (P.B.M.S.)
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13
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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14
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Zhang MX, Wang L, Zeng L, Tu ZW. LCN2 Is a Potential Biomarker for Radioresistance and Recurrence in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605777. [PMID: 33604288 PMCID: PMC7885862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance-induced local failure, which can result in residual or recurrent tumors, remains one of the major causes of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is known to play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and treatment responses. However, its role in the radioresistance of NPC remains unclear. Methods Microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was screened for candidate biomarkers relating to the radioresistance of NPC. The expression of LCN2 in NPC cell lines was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The effects of knockdown or overexpression of LCN2 on NPC radiosensitivity were examined using a soft agar colony formation assay and a γH2AX assay. LCN2 expression in NPC specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Survival outcomes were analyzed. A possible correlation between LCN2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1A) was examined by western blotting and a tissue microarray. Results LCN2 was highly expressed in the radioresistant NPC cell line CNE2R. Knocking down LCN2 enhanced the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by impairing their ability to repair DNA damage or proliferate, while ectopic expression of LCN2 conferred additional radioresistance to NPC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 100 NPC specimens revealed that LCN2 expression was significantly upregulated in radioresistant NPC tissues and was associated with NPC recurrence. Furthermore, a significant correlation between the expression of LCN2 and HIF-1A was detected. Conclusion LCN2 is associated with radioresistance and recurrence in NPC and may facilitate the development of a radioresistant phenotype through interacting with HIF-1A. Our data indicate that LCN2 is a promising target for predicting and overcoming radioresistance in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Tu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
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15
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Li C, Li Y, Lou L, Han X, Wang H, Huang T, Li C. The interaction between lipocalin 2 and dipyridine ketone hydrazone dithiocarbamte may influence respective function in proliferation and metastasis-related gene expressions in HepG2 cell. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:123-133. [PMID: 33449164 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
LCN2 (Lipocalins) was first identified as iron transporter through associating with its siderophores and also involved in many cancer metastases, but its function is still paradoxical. We questioned that whether LCN2 might also associate exogenous iron chelator as does in inherent way and the association may influence their respective function. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of LCN2 on action of DpdtC (2,2'-dipyridine ketone hydrazone dithiocarbamte), an iron chelator in proliferation and metastasis-related gene expression. The results showed that exogenous LCN2 and DpdtC could inhibit growth of HepG2 cells, while the combination treatment enhanced their inhibitory effect both in proliferation and colony formation. This encouraged us to investigate the effect of the interaction on metastasis-related gene expression. The results revealed that both LCN2 and DpdtC impaired the wound healing of HepG2, but the inhibitory effect of DpdtC was significantly enhanced upon association with LCN2. Undergoing epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step for cancer metastasis, LCN2 and DpdtC had opposite effects on EMT markers, the binding of DpdtC to LCN2 significantly weakened the regulation of it (or its iron chelate) on EMT markers. To insight into the interaction between LCN2 and DpdtC-iron, fluorescence titration and molecular docking were performed to obtain the association constant (~ 104 M-1) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG = - 26.10 kJ/mol). Importantly this study provided evidence that siderophores-loading state of LCN2 may influence its function, which be helpful for understanding the contradictory role of LCN2 in the metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Lou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Implication and role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cancer: lipocalin-2 as a potential novel emerging comprehensive therapeutic target for a variety of cancer types. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2327-2346. [PMID: 31970626 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortalities worldwide. Over the past few decades, exploration of molecular mechanisms behind cancer initiation and progression has been of great interest in the viewpoint of both basic and clinical scientists. It is generally believed that identification of key molecules implicated in cancer pathology not only improves our understanding of the disease, but also could result in introduction of novel therapeutic strategies. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of lipocalin superfamily with a variety of functions. Although the main function of LCN2 is still unknown, many studies confirmed its significant role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of various types of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expression of LCN2 is also concerned with the chemo- and radio-resistant phenotypes of tumors. Here, we will review the contribution of known functions of LCN2 to the pathophysiology of cancer. We also highlight how the deregulated expression of LCN2 is associated with a variety of fatal types of cancer for which there are no effective therapeutic modalities. The unique and multiple functions of LCN2 and its widespread expression in different types of cancer prompted us to suggest LCN2 could be considered either as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker or as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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17
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Ghosh S, Padmanabhan A, Vaidya T, Watson AM, Bhutto IA, Hose S, Shang P, Stepicheva N, Yazdankhah M, Weiss J, Das M, Gopikrishna S, Aishwarya, Yadav N, Berger T, Mak TW, Xia S, Qian J, Lutty GA, Jayagopal A, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Handa JT, Watkins SC, Ghosh A, Sinha D. Neutrophils homing into the retina trigger pathology in early age-related macular degeneration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:348. [PMID: 31552301 PMCID: PMC6754381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an expanding problem as longevity increases worldwide. While inflammation clearly contributes to vision loss in AMD, the mechanism remains controversial. Here we show that neutrophils are important in this inflammatory process. In the retinas of both early AMD patients and in a mouse model with an early AMD-like phenotype, we show neutrophil infiltration. Such infiltration was confirmed experimentally using ribbon-scanning confocal microscopy (RSCM) and IFNλ- activated dye labeled normal neutrophils. With neutrophils lacking lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), infiltration was greatly reduced. Further, increased levels of IFNλ in early AMD trigger neutrophil activation and LCN-2 upregulation. LCN-2 promotes inflammation by modulating integrin β1 levels to stimulate adhesion and transmigration of activated neutrophils into the retina. We show that in the mouse model, inhibiting AKT2 neutralizes IFNλ inflammatory signals, reduces LCN-2-mediated neutrophil infiltration, and reverses early AMD-like phenotype changes. Thus, AKT2 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in early, dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Alan M. Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Imran A. Bhutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Aishwarya
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naresh Yadav
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gerard A. Lutty
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - James T. Handa
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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18
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Zhao Y, Xia Q, Liu Y, Bai W, Yao Y, Ding J, Lin L, Xu Z, Cai Z, Wang S, Li E, Xu H, Wu B, Xu L, Du Z. TCF7L2 and EGR1 synergistic activation of transcription of LCN2 via an ERK1/2-dependent pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Signal 2019; 55:8-16. [PMID: 30557604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High level expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) usually indicates poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and many other cancers. Our previous study showed LCN2 promotes migration and invasion of ESCC cells through a novel positive feedback loop. However, the key transcription activation protein (KTAP) in the loop had not yet been identified. In this study, we first predicted the most probable KTAPs by bioinformatic analysis. We then assessed the transcription regulatory regions in the human LCN2 gene by fusing deletions of its 5'-flanking region to a dual-luciferase reporter. We found that the region -720/-200 containing transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) (-273/-209) and early growth response 1 (EGR1) (-710/-616) binding sites is crucial for LCN2 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments demonstrated that TCF7L2 and EGR1 bound directly to their binding sites within the LCN2 promoter as KTAPs. Mechanistically, overexpression of TCF7L2 and EGR1 increased endogenous LCN2 expression via the ERK signaling pathway. Treatment with recombinant human LCN2 protein enhanced activation of the ERK pathway to facilitate endogenous LCN2 expression, as well as increase the expression level of TCF7L2 and EGR1. Treatment with the MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited the activation by TCF7L2 or EGR1 overexpression. Moreover, overexpression of TCF7L2 or EGR1 accelerated the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. A synergistic effect was observed between TCF7L2 and EGR1 in amplifying the induction of LCN2 and enhancing migration and invasion. Taken together, our study indicates that TCF7L2 and EGR1 are the KTAPs of LCN2, within a positive "LCN2 → MEK/ERK → LCN2" path, to promote the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Based on their clinicopathological significance, LCN2 and its two expression regulators TCF7L2 and ERG1 might be therapeutic targets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qiaoxi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wenjing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yubin Yao
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhennan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Haixiong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bingli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Liyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Zepeng Du
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Genes Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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19
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Du Z, Xia Q, Wu B, Ding J, Zhao Y, Lin L, Chen M, Cai Z, Wang S, Xu L, Li E, Wu Z, Li Y, Xu H, Yin D. The analyses of SRCR genes based on protein-protein interaction network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2683-2705. [PMID: 31217847 PMCID: PMC6556668 DOI: pmid/31217847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) proteins, with one to several SRCR domains, play important roles in human diseases. A full view of their functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree for all human SRCR domains were performed. Differentially-expressed SRCR genes were identified in ESCC, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, topological parameters, subcellular distribution, functional enrichment and survival analyses. The variation of conserved cysteines in each SRCR domain suggested a requirement for new classification of the SRCR family. Six genes (LGALS3BP, MSR1, CD163, LOXL2, LOXL3 and LOXL4) were upregulated, and four genes (DMBT1, PRSS12, TMPRSS2 and SCARA5) were downregulated in ESCC. These 10 SRCR genes form a unique biological network. Functional enrichment analyses provided important clues to investigate the biological functions for SRCR gene network in ESCC, such as extracellular structure organization and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed that high expression of SCARA5, LOXL2, LOXL3, LOXL4 were related to poor survival, whereas high expression of DMBTI and PRSS12 showed the opposite result. SRCR genes promote the development of ESCC through its network and could serve as potential prognostic factors and therapy targets of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Genes Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Qiaoxi Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Bingli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Jiyu Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Mantong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Genes Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haixiong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShantou 515041, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Genes Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, China
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20
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Liao NC, Shih YL, Chou JS, Chen KW, Chen YL, Lee MH, Peng SF, Leu SJ, Chung JG. Cardamonin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Alters Apoptosis Associated Gene Expression in WEHI-3 Mouse Leukemia Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:635-656. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardamonin, the chalcone class, is one of the natural components from the spicy herbaceous plant (Alpinia conchigera Griff) and has anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines. There is, however, no information to show that cardamonin induces cell apoptosis and alters apoptosis associated gene expressions in mouse leukemia cells. Thus, we investigated the effects of cardamonin on the apoptotic cell death and associated gene expression in mouse leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. Results indicated that cardamonin decreased total viable cell number via induced cell morphological changes and apoptotic cell death in WEHI-3 cells that were assay by contrast-phase microscopy and flow cytometry examinations, respectively. The flow cytometry assay indicated that cardamonin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca[Formula: see text] production, decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential ([Formula: see text] and increased caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities in WEHI-3 cells. Western blotting was performed to analyze expression of relevant pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and results showed that cardamonin decreased anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-2 but increased pro-apoptotic protein of Bax in WEHI-3 cells. Furthermore, cardamonin increased cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G release, increased GRP78, caspase-12 that were associated with ER stress and increased Fas, Fas-Ligand and FADD expression. Furthermore, cardamonin increased the gene expressions of DAP (death-associated protein), TMBIM4 transmembrane (BAX inhibitor motif containing 4), ATG5 (autophagy related 5) but decreased the gene expression of DDIT3 (DNA-damage inducible transcript 3), DDIT4 (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4), BAG6 (BCL2-associated athanogene 6), BCL2L13 [BCL2-like 13 (apoptosis facilitator)] and BRAT1 (BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1) that are associated with apoptosis pathways. Based on those findings, we may suggest cardamonin induced apoptotic cell death through Fas and Fas-Ligand-, caspase- and mitochondria-dependently pathways and also affects the apoptotic gene expression in WEHI-3 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Chieh Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shang Chou
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol 2018; 8:549. [PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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More than a simple biomarker: the role of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:909-923. [PMID: 29739822 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small circulating protein that is highly modulated in a wide variety of pathological situations, making it a useful biomarker of various disease states. It is one of the best markers of acute kidney injury, as it is rapidly released after tubular damage. However, a growing body of evidence highlights an important role for NGAL beyond that of a biomarker of renal dysfunction. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated a role for NGAL in both cardiovascular and renal diseases. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the involvement of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases and discuss the various mechanisms underlying its pathological implications.
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23
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Okuda M, Inoue J, Fujiwara N, Kawano T, Inazawa J. Subcloning and characterization of highly metastatic cells derived from human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE150 cells by in vivo selection. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34670-34677. [PMID: 28410227 PMCID: PMC5471001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the research progress in understanding the disease, the mechanism underlying the metastasis is still unclear. Here, we successfully generated a highly metastatic cell subline, designated as KYSE150-LuM, derived from an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (KYSE150) by in vivo selection. To elucidate the mechanisms driving metastasis, we characterized the gene expression differences between LuM cells and parent KYSE150 cells. IL-6, IL-1β, and LCN2, previously associated with tumor growth and metastasis, were up-regulated in LuM cells. Recent studies on cancer have increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment, from which these cytokines are released. The fact that these three cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, LCN2) were up-regulated in LuM cells indicates that these highly metastatic cells obtained through in vivo selection will be a useful resource for further studies on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the tumor microenvironment which is associated with cytokine-related tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, LuM cells could disseminate to the lung in shorter period of time in vivo, indicating their utility for in vivo experiments of metastasis and new therapeutic targets in a shorter period of time than currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Okuda
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Research and Industry-University Alliance Organization, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kawano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Research and Industry-University Alliance Organization, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Sun B, Guo W, Hu S, Yao F, Yu K, Xing J, Wang R, Song H, Liao Y, Wang T, Jiang P, Han B, Deng J. Gprc5a-knockout mouse lung epithelial cells predicts ceruloplasmin, lipocalin 2 and periostin as potential biomarkers at early stages of lung tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13532-13544. [PMID: 28088789 PMCID: PMC5355118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. As most of lung cancer patients were diagnosed with the advanced stage, early detection is considered as the most effective strategy to reduce high mortality. Thus, it is desirable to identify specific biomarkers at early stages of lung tumorigenesis. GPRC5A is a lung tumor suppressor gene. GPRC5A deficiency is linked to lung cancer development. We hyposthesized that, dysregulated gene expression that results from Gprc5a deficiency may provide potential biomarkers at early stages of lung tumorigenesis. By analysis of top 20 upregulated genes in mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) of Gprc5a knockout (KO) vs wild-type (WT), we found that ceruloplasmin, lipocalin-2, and periostin are not only upregulated in lung epithelial cells of Gprc5a-ko mice, but also expressed at high levels in lung tumor tissues of Gprc5a-ko mice. This suggests that increased expression of these genes is associated with lung tumorigenesis. Importantly, expression of ceruloplasmin, lipocalin-2, and periostin has also been found to be significantly increased, both at mRNA and protein levels, in the lung tissues from NSCLC patients, which is correlated with repressed GPRC5A. Thus, dysregulated ceruloplasmin, lipocalin-2, and periostin may be used as potential biomarkers at early stages of lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Sun
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Hu
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Yu
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Deng
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Li LY, Xie YH, Xie YM, Liao LD, Xu XE, Zhang Q, Zeng FM, Tao LH, Xie WM, Xie JJ, Xu LY, Li EM. Ezrin Ser66 phosphorylation regulates invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by mediating filopodia formation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:162-171. [PMID: 28504189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ezrin, links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and plays an important role in the development and progression of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the roles of ezrin S66 phosphorylation in tumorigenesis of ESCC remain unclear. METHODS Distribution of ezrin in membrane and cytosol fractions was examined by analysis of detergent-soluble/-insoluble fractions and cytosol/membrane fractionation. Both immunofluorescence and live imaging were used to explore the role of ezrin S66 phosphorylation in the behavior of ezrin and actin in cell filopodia. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells were investigated by proliferation and migration assays, respectively. Tumorigenesis, local invasion and metastasis were assessed in a nude mouse model of regional lymph node metastasis. RESULTS Ezrin S66 phosphorylation enhanced the recruitment of ezrin to the membrane in ESCC cells. Additionally, non-phosphorylatable ezrin (S66A) significantly prevented filopodia formation, as well as caused a reduction in the number, length and lifetime of filopodia. Moreover, functional experiments revealed that expression of non-phosphorylatable ezrin (S66A) markedly suppressed migration and invasion but not proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro, and attenuated local invasion and regional lymph node metastasis, but not primary tumor growth of ESCC cells in vivo. CONCLUSION Ezrin S66 phosphorylation enhances filopodia formation, contributing to the regulation of invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying-Hua Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Xie
- Experimental Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fa-Min Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wen-Ming Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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26
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Meng L, Wang M, Du Z, Fang Z, Wu B, Wu J, Xie W, Shen J, Zhu T, Xu X, Liao L, Xu L, Li E, Lan B. Cell Signaling Pathway in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced LCN2 Gene Transcription in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9592501. [PMID: 29098164 PMCID: PMC5642883 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9592501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LCN2 is involved in various cellular functions, including transport of small hydrophobic molecules, protection of MMP9 from proteolytic degradation, and regulating innate immunity. LCN2 is elevated in multiple human cancers, frequently being associated with tumor size, stage, and invasiveness. Our previous studies have shown that LCN2 expression could be induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by the binding of five nucleoproteins (MISP, KLF10, KLF15, PPP1R18, and RXRβ) at a novel TPA-responsive element (TRE), at -152~-60 bp of the 5' flanking region of the LCN2 promoter. However, much is unknown about whether these proteins can respond to TPA stimulation to regulate LCN2 transactivation and which cell signaling pathways mediate this process. In this study, expression plasmids encoding these five nucleoproteins were stably transfected into EC109 cells. Then, stable transfectant was characterized by a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. RT-PCR, real-time PCR, western blotting, specific kinase inhibitor treatment, and bioinformatics analyses were applied in this study. We found that MISP, KLF10, KLF15, PPP1R18, and RXRβ proteins could strongly respond to TPA stimulation and activate LCN2 transcriptional expression. MEK, ERK, JNK, and P38 kinases were involved in the LCN2 transactivation. Furthermore, the MEK-ERK signal pathway plays a major role in this biological process but does not involve PKCα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Meng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Muting Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zepeng Du
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhongmin Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Bingli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jianyi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wenming Xie
- Network and Information Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - XieE Xu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Liandi Liao
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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Parker ML, Houston S, Pětrošová H, Lithgow KV, Hof R, Wetherell C, Kao WC, Lin YP, Moriarty TJ, Ebady R, Cameron CE, Boulanger MJ. The Structure of Treponema pallidum Tp0751 (Pallilysin) Reveals a Non-canonical Lipocalin Fold That Mediates Adhesion to Extracellular Matrix Components and Interactions with Host Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005919. [PMID: 27683203 PMCID: PMC5040251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Treponema pallidum disseminates widely throughout the host and extravasates from the vasculature, a process that is at least partially dependent upon the ability of T. pallidum to interact with host extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Defining the molecular basis for the interaction between T. pallidum and the host is complicated by the intractability of T. pallidum to in vitro culturing and genetic manipulation. Correspondingly, few T. pallidum proteins have been identified that interact directly with host components. Of these, Tp0751 (also known as pallilysin) displays a propensity to interact with the ECM, although the underlying mechanism of these interactions remains unknown. Towards establishing the molecular mechanism of Tp0751-host ECM attachment, we first determined the crystal structure of Tp0751 to a resolution of 2.15 Å using selenomethionine phasing. Structural analysis revealed an eight-stranded beta-barrel with a profile of short conserved regions consistent with a non-canonical lipocalin fold. Using a library of native and scrambled peptides representing the full Tp0751 sequence, we next identified a subset of peptides that showed statistically significant and dose-dependent interactions with the ECM components fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. Intriguingly, each ECM-interacting peptide mapped to the lipocalin domain. To assess the potential of these ECM-coordinating peptides to inhibit adhesion of bacteria to host cells, we engineered an adherence-deficient strain of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to heterologously express Tp0751. This engineered strain displayed Tp0751 on its surface and exhibited a Tp0751-dependent gain-of-function in adhering to human umbilical vein endothelial cells that was inhibited in the presence of one of the ECM-interacting peptides (p10). Overall, these data provide the first structural insight into the mechanisms of Tp0751-host interactions, which are dependent on the protein’s lipocalin fold. The Treponema pallidum protein, Tp0751, possesses adhesive properties and has been previously reported to mediate attachment to the host extracellular matrix components laminin, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. Herein we demonstrate that Tp0751 adopts an eight-stranded beta barrel-containing lipocalin structure, and using a peptide library approach we show that the extracellular matrix component adhesive functionality of Tp0751 is localized to the lipocalin domain. Further, using a heterologous expression system we demonstrate that Tp0751 mediates attachment to endothelial cells, and that this interaction is specifically inhibited by a peptide derived from the Tp0751 lipocalin domain. Through these studies we have delineated the regions of the Tp0751 protein that mediate interaction with host extracellular matrix components and endothelial cells. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of this protein in treponemal dissemination via the bloodstream and provide defined regions of the Tp0751 protein that can be targeted to disrupt the treponemal-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helena Pětrošová
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen V. Lithgow
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Hof
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charmaine Wetherell
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei-Chien Kao
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tara J. Moriarty
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhodaba Ebady
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (CEC); (MJB)
| | - Martin J. Boulanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (CEC); (MJB)
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Roles of NGAL and MMP-9 in the tumor microenvironment and sensitivity to targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:438-448. [PMID: 26278055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various, diverse molecules contribute to the tumor microenvironment and influence invasion and metastasis. In this review, the roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the tumor microenvironment and sensitivity to therapy will be discussed. The lipocalin family of proteins has many important functions. For example when NGAL forms a complex with MMP-9 it increases its stability which is important in cancer metastasis. Small hydrophobic molecules are bound by NGAL which can alter their entry into and efflux from cells. Iron transport and storage are also influenced by NGAL activity. Regulation of iron levels is important for survival in the tumor microenvironment as well as metastasis. Innate immunity is also regulated by NGAL as it can have bacteriostatic properties. NGAL and MMP-9 expression may also affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy as well as targeted therapy. Thus NGAL and MMP-9 play important roles in key processes involved in metastasis as well as response to therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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