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Lickiss B, Hunker J, Bhagwan J, Linder P, Thomas U, Lotay H, Broadbent S, Dragicevic E, Stoelzle-Feix S, Turner J, Gossmann M. Chamber-specific contractile responses of atrial and ventricular hiPSC-cardiomyocytes to GPCR and ion channel targeting compounds: A microphysiological system for cardiac drug development. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 128:107529. [PMID: 38857637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have found utility for conducting in vitro drug screening and disease modelling to gain crucial insights into pharmacology or disease phenotype. However, diseases such as atrial fibrillation, affecting >33 M people worldwide, demonstrate the need for cardiac subtype-specific cells. Here, we sought to investigate the base characteristics and pharmacological differences between commercially available chamber-specific atrial or ventricular hiPSC-CMs seeded onto ultra-thin, flexible PDMS membranes to simultaneously measure contractility in a 96 multi-well format. We investigated the effects of GPCR agonists (acetylcholine and carbachol), a Ca2+ channel agonist (S-Bay K8644), an HCN channel antagonist (ivabradine) and K+ channel antagonists (4-AP and vernakalant). We observed differential effects between atrial and ventricular hiPSC-CMs on contractile properties including beat rate, beat duration, contractile force and evidence of arrhythmias at a range of concentrations. As an excerpt of the compound analysis, S-Bay K8644 treatment showed an induced concentration-dependent transient increase in beat duration of atrial hiPSC-CMs, whereas ventricular cells showed a physiological increase in beat rate over time. Carbachol treatment produced marked effects on atrial cells, such as increased beat duration alongside a decrease in beat rate over time, but only minimal effects on ventricular cardiomyocytes. In the context of this chamber-specific pharmacology, we not only add to contractile characterization of hiPSC-CMs but propose a multi-well platform for medium-throughput early compound screening. Overall, these insights illustrate the key pharmacological differences between chamber-specific cardiomyocytes and their application on a multi-well contractility platform to gain insights for in vitro cardiac liability studies and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Hunker
- innoVitro GmbH, Artilleriestr 2, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jamie Bhagwan
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Linder
- innoVitro GmbH, Artilleriestr 2, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr 70A, 80339 Munich, Germany
| | - Hardeep Lotay
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Steven Broadbent
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Elena Dragicevic
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr 70A, 80339 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jan Turner
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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2
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Sugiura T, Shahannaz DC, Ferrell BE. Current Status of Cardiac Regenerative Therapy Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5772. [PMID: 38891960 PMCID: PMC11171475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening disorder and is treated by drug therapies and surgical interventions such as heart transplantation and left ventricular assist device (LVAD). However, these treatments can lack effectiveness in the long term and are associated with issues such as donor shortage in heart transplantation, and infection, stroke, or gastrointestinal bleeding in LVADs. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies are still needed. In this respect, stem cell therapy has been introduced for the treatment of HF and numerous preclinical and clinical studies are employing a range of stem cell varieties. These stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been shown to improve cardiac function and attenuate left ventricular remodeling. IPSCs, which have a capacity for unlimited proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes, are a promising cell source for myocardial regeneration therapy. In this review, we discuss the following topics: (1) what are iPSCs; (2) the limitations and solutions for the translation of iPSC-CMs practically; and (3) the current therapeutic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahisa Sugiura
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10467, USA; (D.C.S.); (B.E.F.)
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3
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Elkhoury K, Kodeih S, Enciso-Martínez E, Maziz A, Bergaud C. Advancing Cardiomyocyte Maturation: Current Strategies and Promising Conductive Polymer-Based Approaches. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303288. [PMID: 38349615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in medical research, the development of effective cardiovascular drugs has been hindered by high failure rates and escalating costs. One contributing factor is the limited availability of mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) for accurate disease modeling and drug screening. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs offer a promising source of CMs; however, their immature phenotype presents challenges in translational applications. This review focuses on the road to achieving mature CMs by summarizing the major differences between immature and mature CMs, discussing the importance of adult-like CMs for drug discovery, highlighting the limitations of current strategies, and exploring potential solutions using electro-mechano active polymer-based scaffolds based on conductive polymers. However, critical considerations such as the trade-off between 3D systems and nutrient exchange, biocompatibility, degradation, cell adhesion, longevity, and integration into wider systems must be carefully evaluated. Continued advancements in these areas will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac diseases, improved drug discovery, and the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Elkhoury
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Sacha Kodeih
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | | | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
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4
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Yeh T, Wu Y, Wong TY, Sun G, Tseng C, Cheng P. Dapagliflozin prevents ERK activation and SGLT2-dependent endoglin upregulation in a mechanically provoked cardiac injury model. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15990. [PMID: 38575554 PMCID: PMC10994982 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are rapidly gaining ground in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by an unknown mechanism. Upregulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), SGLT1, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the diseased hearts was found to be attenuated by prolonged SGLT2i treatment. Unfortunately, dapagliflozin is not well understood as to how Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis is affected in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes upregulate SGLT2, resulted to loss of Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis via ERK and eNOS signaling. AMI (+) and AMI (-) serum levels were estimated using ELISA assays of TGFβ-1 or endoglin (CD105). Human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 was subjected to different stresses: 5% mild and 25% aggressive, at 1 Hz for 24 h. Immunofluorescence assays were used to estimate troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 levels was performed for 5% (mild), and 25% elongation for 24 h. AMI (+) serum showed increased TGFβ1 and CD105 compared to AMI (-) patients. In consistent, troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 were upregulated after 25% of 24 h cyclic stretch. Dapagliflozin addition caused SGLT2 inhibition, which significantly decreased troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 under 25% cyclic stretching. In summary, SGLT2 may have sensed mechanical stretch in a way similar to cardiac overloading as in vivo. By blocking SGLT2 in stretched cardiomyocytes, the AMI biomarkers (CD105, troponin I and P-ERK) were decreased, potentially to rescue eNOS production to maintain normal cellular function. This discovery of CD105 and SGLT2 increase in mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes suggests that SGLT2 may conceive a novel role in direct or indirect sensing of mechanical stretch, prompting the possibility of an in vitro cardiac overloaded cell model, an alternative to animal heart model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung‐Chen Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chung Wu
- Section of NeurologyZuoying Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzyy Yue Wong
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Gwo‐Ching Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Jiunn Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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5
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Raniga K, Nasir A, Vo NTN, Vaidyanathan R, Dickerson S, Hilcove S, Mosqueira D, Mirams GR, Clements P, Hicks R, Pointon A, Stebbeds W, Francis J, Denning C. Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:292-311. [PMID: 38366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Aishah Nasir
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - Jo Francis
- Mechanstic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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6
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Sidorov VY, Sidorova TN, Samson PC, Reiserer RS, Britt CM, Neely MD, Ess KC, Wikswo JP. Contractile and Genetic Characterization of Cardiac Constructs Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the Effects of Rapamycin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:234. [PMID: 38534508 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of three-dimensional tissue engineering concurrently with stem cell technology holds great promise for in vitro research in pharmacology and toxicology and modeling cardiac diseases, particularly for rare genetic and pediatric diseases for which animal models, immortal cell lines, and biopsy samples are unavailable. It also allows for a rapid assessment of phenotype-genotype relationships and tissue response to pharmacological manipulation. Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes lead to dysfunctional mTOR signaling and cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems, principally the brain, heart, skin, and kidneys. Here we differentiated healthy (CC3) and tuberous sclerosis (TSP8-15) human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to create engineered cardiac tissue constructs (ECTCs). We investigated and compared their mechano-elastic properties and gene expression and assessed the effects of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The TSP8-15 ECTCs had increased chronotropy compared to healthy ECTCs. Rapamycin induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (i.e., increased contractility and beating frequency, respectively) in the CC3 ECTCs but did not cause significant changes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs. A differential gene expression analysis revealed 926 up- and 439 down-regulated genes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs compared to their healthy counterparts. The application of rapamycin initiated the differential expression of 101 and 31 genes in the CC3 and TSP8-15 ECTCs, respectively. A gene ontology analysis showed that in the CC3 ECTCs, the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of rapamycin correlated with positively regulated biological processes, which were primarily related to the metabolism of lipids and fatty and amino acids, and with negatively regulated processes, which were predominantly associated with cell proliferation and muscle and tissue development. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time an in vitro TSC cardiac tissue model, illustrates the response of normal and TSC ECTCs to rapamycin, and provides new insights into the mechanisms of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Y Sidorov
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip C Samson
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Ronald S Reiserer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Clayton M Britt
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Butler AS, Ascione R, Marrion NV, Harmer SC, Hancox JC. In situ monolayer patch clamp of acutely stimulated human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes promotes consistent electrophysiological responses to SK channel inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3185. [PMID: 38326449 PMCID: PMC10850090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) represent an in vitro model of cardiac function. Isolated iPSC-CMs, however, exhibit electrophysiological heterogeneity which hinders their utility in the study of certain cardiac currents. In the healthy adult heart, the current mediated by small conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels (ISK) is atrial-selective. Functional expression of ISK within atrial-like iPSC-CMs has not been explored thoroughly. The present study therefore aimed to investigate atrial-like iPSC-CMs as a model system for the study of ISK. iPSCs were differentiated using retinoic acid (RA) to produce iPSC-CMs which exhibited an atrial-like phenotype (RA-iPSC-CMs). Only 18% of isolated RA-iPSC-CMs responded to SK channel inhibition by UCL1684 and isolated iPSC-CMs exhibited substantial cell-to-cell electrophysiological heterogeneity. This variability was significantly reduced by patch clamp of RA-iPSC-CMs in situ as a monolayer (iPSC-ML). A novel method of electrical stimulation was developed to facilitate recording from iPSC-MLs via In situ Monolayer Patch clamp of Acutely Stimulated iPSC-CMs (IMPASC). Using IMPASC, > 95% of iPSC-MLs could be paced at a 1 Hz. In contrast to isolated RA-iPSC-CMs, 100% of RA-iPSC-MLs responded to UCL1684, with APD50 being prolonged by 16.0 ± 2.0 ms (p < 0.0001; n = 12). These data demonstrate that in conjunction with IMPASC, RA-iPSC-MLs represent an improved model for the study of ISK. IMPASC may be of wider value in the study of other ion channels that are inconsistently expressed in isolated iPSC-CMs and in pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Butler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Stephen C Harmer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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8
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Johnson BB, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Holmes TL, Gilmore T, Hampton K, Song OR, Vo NTN, Nasir A, Chabronova A, Denning C, Peffers MJ, Merry CLR, Whitelock J, Troeberg L, Rushworth SA, Bernardo AS, Smith JGW. Perlecan (HSPG2) promotes structural, contractile, and metabolic development of human cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113668. [PMID: 38198277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan similar to agrin, is key for extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation and stabilization. Although crucial for cardiac development, its role remains elusive. We show that perlecan expression increases as cardiomyocytes mature in vivo and during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). Perlecan-haploinsuffient hPSCs (HSPG2+/-) differentiate efficiently, but late-stage CMs have structural, contractile, metabolic, and ECM gene dysregulation. In keeping with this, late-stage HSPG2+/- hPSC-CMs have immature features, including reduced ⍺-actinin expression and increased glycolytic metabolism and proliferation. Moreover, perlecan-haploinsuffient engineered heart tissues have reduced tissue thickness and force generation. Conversely, hPSC-CMs grown on a perlecan-peptide substrate are enlarged and display increased nucleation, typical of hypertrophic growth. Together, perlecan appears to play the opposite role of agrin, promoting cellular maturation rather than hyperplasia and proliferation. Perlecan signaling is likely mediated via its binding to the dystroglycan complex. Targeting perlecan-dependent signaling may help reverse the phenotypic switch common to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Johnson
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Marie-Victoire Cosson
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenza I Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terri L Holmes
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | | | - Katherine Hampton
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Ok-Ryul Song
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; High-Throughput Screening Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Aishah Nasir
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alzbeta Chabronova
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Whitelock
- School of Medicine, Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James G W Smith
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
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9
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Osten F, Weber N, Wendland M, Holler T, Piep B, Kröhn S, Teske J, Bodenschatz AK, Devadas SB, Menge KS, Chatterjee S, Schwanke K, Kosanke M, Montag J, Thum T, Zweigerdt R, Kraft T, Iorga B, Meissner JD. Myosin expression and contractile function are altered by replating stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313377. [PMID: 37656049 PMCID: PMC10473967 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is the main determinant of contractile function. Human ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) predominantly express the β-isoform. We previously demonstrated that ∼80% of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) express exclusively β-MyHC after long-term culture on laminin-coated glass coverslips. Here, we investigated the impact of enzymatically detaching hESC-CMs after long-term culture and subsequently replating them for characterization of cellular function. We observed that force-related kinetic parameters, as measured in a micromechanical setup, resembled α- rather than β-MyHC-expressing myofibrils, as well as changes in calcium transients. Single-cell immunofluorescence analysis revealed that replating hESC-CMs led to rapid upregulation of α-MyHC, as indicated by increases in exclusively α-MyHC- and in mixed α/β-MyHC-expressing hESC-CMs. A comparable increase in heterogeneity of MyHC isoform expression was also found among individual human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs after replating. Changes in MyHC isoform expression and cardiomyocyte function induced by replating were reversible in the course of the second week after replating. Gene enrichment analysis based on RNA-sequencing data revealed changes in the expression profile of mechanosensation/-transduction-related genes and pathways, especially integrin-associated signaling. Accordingly, the integrin downstream mediator focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promoted β-MyHC expression on a stiff matrix, further validating gene enrichment analysis. To conclude, detachment and replating induced substantial changes in gene expression, MyHC isoform composition, and function of long-term cultivated human stem cell-derived CMs, thus inducing alterations in mechanosensation/-transduction, that need to be considered, particularly for downstream in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Osten
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Wendland
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Holler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Kröhn
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alea K. Bodenschatz
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kaja S. Menge
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shambhabi Chatterjee
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwanke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Kosanke
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Montag
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Therapies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bogdan Iorga
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Joachim D. Meissner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Paolini A, Sharipova D, Lange T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Wnt9 directs zebrafish heart tube assembly via a combination of canonical and non-canonical pathway signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201707. [PMID: 37680191 PMCID: PMC10560569 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
During zebrafish heart formation, cardiac progenitor cells converge at the embryonic midline where they form the cardiac cone. Subsequently, this structure transforms into a heart tube. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control these morphogenetic processes. Here, we use light-sheet microscopy and combine genetic, molecular biological and pharmacological tools to show that the paralogous genes wnt9a/b are required for the assembly of the nascent heart tube. In wnt9a/b double mutants, cardiomyocyte progenitor cells are delayed in their convergence towards the embryonic midline, the formation of the heart cone is impaired and the transformation into an elongated heart tube fails. The same cardiac phenotype occurs when both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are simultaneously blocked by pharmacological inhibition. This demonstrates that Wnt9a/b and canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate the migration of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and control the formation of the cardiac tube. This can be partly attributed to their regulation of the timing of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Our study demonstrates how these morphogens activate a combination of downstream pathways to direct cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paolini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dinara Sharipova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
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12
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Muniyandi P, O’Hern C, Popa MA, Aguirre A. Biotechnological advances and applications of human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214431. [PMID: 37560538 PMCID: PMC10407810 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant biotechnological advancements have been made in engineering human cardiac tissues and organ-like models. This field of research is crucial for both basic and translational research due to cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in the developed world. Additionally, drug-associated cardiotoxicity poses a major challenge for drug development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Progress in three-dimensional cell culture and microfluidic devices has enabled the generation of human cardiac models that faithfully recapitulate key aspects of human physiology. In this review, we will discuss 3D pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-models of the human heart, such as engineered heart tissues and organoids, and their applications in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshni Muniyandi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Colin O’Hern
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mirel Adrian Popa
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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13
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Arefin A, Mendoza M, Dame K, Garcia MI, Strauss DG, Ribeiro AJS. Reproducibility of drug-induced effects on the contractility of an engineered heart tissue derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212092. [PMID: 37469866 PMCID: PMC10352809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) are three-dimensional culture platforms with cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and were designed for assaying cardiac contractility. For drug development applications, EHTs must have a stable function and provide reproducible results. We investigated these properties with EHTs made with different tissue casting batches and lines of differentiated hPSC-cardiomyocytes and analyzed them at different times after being fabricated. Methods: A video-optical assay was used for measuring EHT contractile outputs, and these results were compared with results from motion traction analysis of beating hPSC-cardiomyocytes cultured as monolayers in two-dimensional cultures. The reproducibility of induced contractile variations was tested using compounds with known mechanistic cardiac effects (isoproterenol, EMD-57033, omecamtiv mecarbil, verapamil, ranolazine, and mavacamten), or known to be clinically cardiotoxic (doxorubicin, sunitinib). These drug-induced variations were characterized at different electrical pacing rates and variations in intracellular calcium transients were also assessed in EHTs. Results: To ensure reproducibility in experiments, we established EHT quality control criteria based on excitation-contraction coupling and contractile sensitivity to extracellular calcium concentration. In summary, a baseline contractile force of 0.2 mN and excitation-contraction coupling of EHTs were used as quality control criteria to select suitable EHTs for analysis. Overall, drug-induced contractile responses were similar between monolayers and EHTs, where a close relationship was observed between contractile output and calcium kinetics. Contractile variations at multiple time points after adding cardiotoxic compounds were also detectable in EHTs. Discussion: Reproducibility of drug-induced effects in EHTs between experiments and relative to published work on these cellular models was generally observed. Future applications for EHTs may require additional mechanistic criteria related to drug effects and cardiac functional outputs to be measured in regard to specific contexts of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Arefin
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Melissa Mendoza
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Keri Dame
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - M. Iveth Garcia
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David G. Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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14
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications-Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [PMID: 37443761 PMCID: PMC10341347 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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16
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications—Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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17
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Oh GC, Choi YJ, Park BW, Ban K, Park HJ. Are There Hopeful Therapeutic Strategies to Regenerate the Infarcted Hearts? Korean Circ J 2023; 53:367-386. [PMID: 37271744 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in pharmacological and revascularization techniques in the late 20th century, heart failure prevalence after myocardial infarction has gradually increased over the last 2 decades. After ischemic injury, pathological remodeling results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) loss and fibrosis, which leads to impaired heart function. Unfortunately, there are no clinical therapies to regenerate CMs to date, and the adult heart's limited turnover rate of CMs hinders its ability to self-regenerate. In this review, we present novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate injured myocardium, including (1) reconstruction of cardiac niche microenvironment, (2) recruitment of functional CMs by promoting their proliferation or differentiation, and (3) organizing 3-dimensional tissue construct beyond the CMs. Additionally, we highlight recent mechanistic insights that govern these strategies and identify current challenges in translating these approaches to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Chul Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Stage HJ, Trappe S, Söllig K, Trachsel DS, Kirsch K, Zieger C, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081352. [PMID: 37106915 PMCID: PMC10135324 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of multipotent stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro represents an important basis for translational studies in large animal models. The study's aim was to examine and compare clinically relevant in vitro properties of equine MSCs, which were isolated from abdominal (abd), retrobulbar (rb) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue by collagenase digestion (ASCs-SVF) and an explant technique (ASCs-EXP). Firstly, we examined proliferation and trilineage differentiation and, secondly, the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential using activin A, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and Dickkopf-1. Fibroblast-like, plastic-adherent ASCs-SVF and ASCs-EXP were obtained from all sources. The proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation potential did not differ significantly between the isolation methods and localizations. However, abd-ASCs-EXP showed the highest adipogenic differentiation potential compared to rb- and sc-ASCs-EXP on day 7 and abd-ASCs-SVF a higher adipogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-EXP on day 14. Osteogenic differentiation potential was comparable at day 14, but by day 21, abd-ASCs-EXP demonstrated a higher osteogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-SVF and rb-ASCs-EXP. Cardiomyogenic differentiation could not be achieved. This study provides insight into the proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential of equine ASCs and is expected to provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical studies in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stage
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Trappe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Söllig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Trachsel
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Melgari D, Calamaio S, Frosio A, Prevostini R, Anastasia L, Pappone C, Rivolta I. Automated Patch-Clamp and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: A Synergistic Approach in the Study of Brugada Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076687. [PMID: 37047659 PMCID: PMC10095337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-throughput automated patch-clamp technology is a recent breakthrough in the field of Brugada syndrome research. Brugada syndrome is a heart disorder marked by abnormal electrocardiographic readings and an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmias. Various experimental models, developed either in animals, cell lines, human tissue or computational simulation, play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of this condition, and developing effective treatments. In the perspective of the pathophysiological role of ion channels and their pharmacology, automated patch-clamp involves a robotic system that enables the simultaneous recording of electrical activity from multiple single cells at once, greatly improving the speed and efficiency of data collection. By combining this approach with the use of patient-derived cardiomyocytes, researchers are gaining a more comprehensive view of the underlying mechanisms of heart disease. This has led to the development of more effective treatments for those affected by cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Melgari
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Calamaio
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony Frosio
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Prevostini
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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20
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Administration of stem cells against cardiovascular diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: Current knowledge and prospects. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102030. [PMID: 36709696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious global concern for public and human health. Despite the emergence of significant therapeutic advances, it is still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As a result, extensive efforts are underway to develop practical therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies could be considered a promising strategy for the treatment of CVDs. The efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches is demonstrated through recent laboratory and clinical studies due to their inherent regenerative properties, proliferative nature, and their capacity to differentiate into different cells such as cardiomyocytes. These properties could improve cardiovascular functioning leading to heart regeneration. The two most common types of stem cells with the potential to cure heart diseases are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Several studies have demonstrated the use, efficacy, and safety of MSC and iPSCs-based therapies for the treatment of CVDs. In this study, we explain the application of stem cells, especially iPSCs and MSCs, in the treatment of CVDs with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms and then discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of using this technology in the treatment of these diseases.
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21
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Campostrini G, Kosmidis G, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Davis RP, Yiangou L, Ottaviani D, Veerman CC, Mei H, Orlova VV, Wilde AAM, Bezzina CR, Verkerk AO, Mummery CL, Bellin M. Maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes promotes adult alternative splicing of SCN5A and reveals changes in sodium current associated with cardiac arrhythmia. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:167-182. [PMID: 35394010 PMCID: PMC10022870 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are widely used to study arrhythmia-associated mutations in ion channels. Among these, the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A undergoes foetal-to-adult isoform switching around birth. Conventional hiPSC-CM cultures, which are phenotypically foetal, have thus far been unable to capture mutations in adult gene isoforms. Here, we investigated whether tri-cellular cross-talk in a three-dimensional (3D) cardiac microtissue (MT) promoted post-natal SCN5A maturation in hiPSC-CMs. METHODS AND RESULTS We derived patient hiPSC-CMs carrying compound mutations in the adult SCN5A exon 6B and exon 4. Electrophysiological properties of patient hiPSC-CMs in monolayer were not altered by the exon 6B mutation compared with isogenic controls since it is not expressed; further, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated excision of the foetal exon 6A did not promote adult SCN5A expression. However, when hiPSC-CMs were matured in 3D cardiac MTs, SCN5A underwent isoform switch and the functional consequences of the mutation located in exon 6B were revealed. Up-regulation of the splicing factor muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) drove SCN5A post-natal maturation in microtissues since its overexpression in hiPSC-CMs was sufficient to promote exon 6B inclusion, whilst knocking-out MBNL1 failed to foster isoform switch. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that (i) the tri-cellular cardiac microtissues promote post-natal SCN5A isoform switch in hiPSC-CMs, (ii) adult splicing of SCN5A is driven by MBNL1 in these tissues, and (iii) this model can be used for examining post-natal cardiac arrhythmias due to mutations in the exon 6B. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE The cardiac sodium channel is essential for conducting the electrical impulse in the heart. Postnatal alternative splicing regulation causes mutual exclusive inclusion of fetal or adult exons of the corresponding gene, SCN5A. Typically, immature hiPSCCMs fall short in studying the effect of mutations located in the adult exon. We describe here that an innovative tri-cellular three-dimensional cardiac microtissue culture promotes hiPSC-CMs maturation through upregulation of MBNL1, thus revealing the effect of a pathogenic genetic variant located in the SCN5A adult exon. These results help advancing the use of hiPSC-CMs in studying adult heart disease and for developing personalized medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Ward-van Oostwaard
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Paul Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Ottaviani
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Christiaan Cornelis Veerman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Viktorovna Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Arnold Maria Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie Rose Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Otto Verkerk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lindsay Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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22
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Kuo CWS, Dobi S, Gök C, Da Silva Costa A, Main A, Robertson-Gray O, Baptista-Hon D, Wypijewski KJ, Costello H, Hales TG, MacQuaide N, Smith GL, Fuller W. Palmitoylation of the pore-forming subunit of Ca(v)1.2 controls channel voltage sensitivity and calcium transients in cardiac myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207887120. [PMID: 36745790 PMCID: PMC9963536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207887120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian voltage-activated L-type Ca2+ channels, such as Ca(v)1.2, control transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes in numerous excitable tissues. Here, we report that the pore-forming α1C subunit of Ca(v)1.2 is reversibly palmitoylated in rat, rabbit, and human ventricular myocytes. We map the palmitoylation sites to two regions of the channel: The N terminus and the linker between domains I and II. Whole-cell voltage clamping revealed a rightward shift of the Ca(v)1.2 current-voltage relationship when α1C was not palmitoylated. To examine function, we expressed dihydropyridine-resistant α1C in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and measured Ca2+ transients in the presence of nifedipine to block the endogenous channels. The transients generated by unpalmitoylatable channels displayed a similar activation time course but significantly reduced amplitude compared to those generated by wild-type channels. We thus conclude that palmitoylation controls the voltage sensitivity of Ca(v)1.2. Given that the identified Ca(v)1.2 palmitoylation sites are also conserved in most Ca(v)1 isoforms, we propose that palmitoylation of the pore-forming α1C subunit provides a means to regulate the voltage sensitivity of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen S. Kuo
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sara Dobi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caglar Gök
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ana Da Silva Costa
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alice Main
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Olivia Robertson-Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel Baptista-Hon
- Division of Systems Medicine, Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Center for Biomedicine and Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, 999078China
| | | | - Hannah Costello
- Division of Systems Medicine, Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tim G. Hales
- Division of Systems Medicine, Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Niall MacQuaide
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, UK
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23
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Khalili M, Williams CJ, Micallef C, Duarte-Martinez F, Afsar A, Zhang R, Wilson S, Dossi E, Impey SA, Goel S, Aria AI. Nanoindentation Response of 3D Printed PEGDA Hydrogels in a Hydrated Environment. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1180-1190. [PMID: 36817334 PMCID: PMC9926483 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are commonly used materials in tissue engineering and organ-on-chip devices. This study investigated the nanomechanical properties of monolithic and multilayered poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels manufactured using bulk polymerization and layer-by-layer projection lithography processes, respectively. An increase in the number of layers (or reduction in layer thickness) from 1 to 8 and further to 60 results in a reduction in the elastic modulus from 5.53 to 1.69 and further to 0.67 MPa, respectively. It was found that a decrease in the number of layers induces a lower creep index (CIT) in three-dimensional (3D) printed PEGDA hydrogels. This reduction is attributed to mesoscale imperfections that appear as pockets of voids at the interfaces of the multilayered hydrogels attributed to localized regions of unreacted prepolymers, resulting in variations in defect density in the samples examined. An increase in the degree of cross-linking introduced by a higher dosage of ultraviolet (UV) exposure leads to a higher elastic modulus. This implies that the elastic modulus and creep behavior of hydrogels are governed and influenced by the degree of cross-linking and defect density of the layers and interfaces. These findings can guide an optimal manufacturing pathway to obtain the desirable nanomechanical properties in 3D printed PEGDA hydrogels, critical for the performance of living cells and tissues, which can be engineered through control of the fabrication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Hakim Khalili
- Surface
Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and
Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Craig J. Williams
- The
Henry Royce Institute, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Christian Micallef
- Surface
Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and
Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Fabian Duarte-Martinez
- Surface
Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and
Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Ashfaq Afsar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
- Centre
for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, U.K.
| | - Rujing Zhang
- Sophion
Bioscience A/S, Baltorpvej 154, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Sandra Wilson
- Sophion
Bioscience A/S, Baltorpvej 154, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Eleftheria Dossi
- Centre
for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, U.K.
| | - Susan A. Impey
- Surface
Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and
Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
| | - Saurav Goel
- London South
Bank University, 103
Borough Road, London SE1
0AA, U.K.
- University
of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface
Engineering and Precision Centre, School of Aerospace, Transport and
Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
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24
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Malihi G, Nikoui V, Elson EL. A review on qualifications and cost effectiveness of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)-induced cardiomyocytes in drug screening tests. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:131-142. [PMID: 32783745 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1802600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) have initiated a higher degree of successes in disease modelling, preclinical evaluation of drug therapy and pharmaco-toxicological testing. Since the discovery of iPSCs in 2006, many advanced techniques have been introduced to differentiate iPSCs to cardiomyocytes, which have been progressively improved. The disease models from iPSC-induced cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) have been successfully helping to study a variety of cardiac diseases such as long QT syndrome, drug-induced long QT, different cardiomyopathies related to mutations in mitochondria or desmosomal proteins and other rare genetic diseases. IPSC-CMs have also been used to screen the role of chemicals in cardiovascular drug discovery and individualisation of drug dosages. In this review, the quality of current procedures for characterisation and maturation of iPSC-CM lines will be discussed. Also, we will focus on time efficiency and cost of standard differentiation methods after reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Nikoui
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elliot L Elson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Marzoog BA. Transcription Factors - the Essence of Heart Regeneration: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:232-238. [PMID: 35170408 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220216123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial cell injury and following sequelae are the primary reasons for death globally. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes in adults have limited regeneration capacity. Therefore, the generation of neo myocardiocytes from non-myocardial cells is a surrogate strategy. Transcription factors (TFs) can be recruited to achieve this tremendous goal. Transcriptomic analyses have suggested that GATA, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT cocktail) are master TFs to transdifferentiate/reprogram cell linage of fibroblasts, somatic cells, mesodermal cells into myocardiocytes. However, adding MESP1, MYOCD, ESRRG, and ZFPM2 TFs induces the generation of more efficient and physiomorphological features for induced myocardiocytes. Moreover, the same cocktail of transcription factors can induce the proliferation and differentiation of induced/pluripotent stem cells into myocardial cells. Amelioration of impaired myocardial cells involves the activation of healing transcription factors, which are induced by inflammation mediators; IL6, tumor growth factor β, and IL22. Transcription factors regulate the cellular and subcellular physiology of myocardiocytes to include mitotic cell cycling regulation, karyokinesis and cytokinesis, hypertrophic growth, adult sarcomeric contractile protein gene expression, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation. Cell therapy by transcription factors can be applied to cardiogenesis and ameliorating impaired cardiocytes. Transcription factors are the cornerstone in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street, 68, Saransk, Rep. Mordovia, 430005, Russia
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26
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Dabbiru VAS, Manu E, Biedenweg D, Nestler P, Pires RH, Otto O. Cell-surface contacts determine volume and mechanical properties of human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:21-33. [PMID: 36310101 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the organization of the cytoskeleton precede the escape of adherent cells from the framework of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions into suspension. With cytoskeletal dynamics being linked to cell mechanical properties, many studies elucidated this relationship under either native adherent or suspended conditions. In contrast, tethered cells that mimic the transition between both states have not been the focus of recent research. Using human embryonic kidney 293 T cells we investigated all three conditions in the light of alterations in cellular shape, volume, as well as mechanical properties and relate these findings to the level, structure, and intracellular localization of filamentous actin (F-actin). For cells adhered to a substrate, our data shows that seeding density affects cell size but does not alter their elastic properties. Removing surface contacts leads to cell stiffening that is accompanied by changes in cell shape, and a reduction in cellular volume but no alterations in F-actin density. Instead, we observe changes in the organization of F-actin indicated by the appearance of blebs in the semi-adherent state. In summary, our work reveals an interplay between molecular and mechanical alterations when cells detach from a surface that is mainly dominated by cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A S Dabbiru
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Manu
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ricardo H Pires
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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27
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van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Bakkers J, Batkai S, Bertrand L, Bezzina CR, Bot I, Brundel BJJM, Carrier L, Chamuleau S, Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Davidson SM, Dendorfer A, Duncker DJ, Eschenhagen T, Fabritz L, Falcão-Pires I, Ferdinandy P, Giacca M, Girao H, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Gyongyosi M, Guzik TJ, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hilfiker A, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hoekstra AG, Hulot JS, Kuster DWD, van Laake LW, Lecour S, Leiner T, Linke WA, Lumens J, Lutgens E, Madonna R, Maegdefessel L, Mayr M, van der Meer P, Passier R, Perbellini F, Perrino C, Pesce M, Priori S, Remme CA, Rosenhahn B, Schotten U, Schulz R, Sipido KR, Sluijter JPG, van Steenbeek F, Steffens S, Terracciano CM, Tocchetti CG, Vlasman P, Yeung KK, Zacchigna S, Zwaagman D, Thum T. Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3016-3051. [PMID: 34999816 PMCID: PMC9732557 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies, all of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task, in particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and comorbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational 'valley of death', which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived in vitro models can recapitulate aspects of disease processes. However, it would be a mistake to think that animal models do not represent a vital step in the translational pathway as they do provide important pathophysiological insights into disease mechanisms particularly on an organ and systemic level. While stem cell-derived human models have the potential to become key in testing toxicity and effectiveness of new drugs, we need to be realistic, and carefully validate all new human-like disease models. In this position paper, we highlight recent advances in trying to reduce the number of animals for cardiovascular research ranging from stem cell-derived models to in situ modelling of heart properties, bioinformatic models based on large datasets, and state-of-the-art animal models, which show clinically relevant characteristics observed in patients with a cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a guide to help researchers in their experimental design to translate bench findings to clinical routine taking the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3R) as a guiding concept.
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Grants
- R01 HL150359 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RG/16/14/32397 British Heart Foundation
- FS/18/37/33642 British Heart Foundation
- PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- PG/15/88/31780 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009, NH/19/1/34595, PG/18/35/33786, CS/17/4/32960, PG/15/88/31780, and PG/17/64/33205 British Heart Foundation
- NC/T001488/1 National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
- PG/18/44/33790 British Heart Foundation
- CH/16/3/32406 British Heart Foundation
- FS/RTF/20/30009 British Heart Foundation
- NWO-ZonMW
- ZonMW and Heart Foundation for the translational research program
- Dutch Cardiovascular Alliance (DCVA)
- Leducq Foundation
- Dutch Research Council
- Association of Collaborating Health Foundations (SGF)
- UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the DCVA
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON
- Stichting Hartekind and the Dutch Research Counsel (NWO) (OCENW.GROOT.2019.029)
- National Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium and Action de Recherche Concertée de la Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles, Belgium
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative CVON (PREDICT2 and CONCOR-genes projects), the Leducq Foundation
- ERA PerMed (PROCEED study)
- Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative
- Dutch Heart Foundation
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHH)
- Chest Heart and Stroke Scotland
- Tenovus Scotland
- Friends of Anchor and Grampian NHS-Endowments
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
- European Research Council (ERC-AG IndivuHeart), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- European Union Horizon 2020 (REANIMA and TRAINHEART)
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- European Union Horizon 2020
- DFG
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary
- Research Excellence Program—TKP; National Heart Program
- Austrian Science Fund
- European Union Commission’s Seventh Framework programme
- CVON2016-Early HFPEF
- CVON She-PREDICTS
- CVON Arena-PRIME
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Volkswagenstiftung
- French National Research Agency
- ERA-Net-CVD
- Fédération Française de Cardiologie, the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- French PIA Project
- University Research Federation against heart failure
- Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Dekker Senior Clinical Scientist
- Health Holland TKI-LSH
- TUe/UMCU/UU Alliance Fund
- south African National Foundation
- Cancer Association of South Africa and Winetech
- Netherlands Heart Foundation/Applied & Engineering Sciences
- Dutch Technology Foundation
- Pie Medical Imaging
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Dr. Dekker Program
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Dutch Heart Foundation
- Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences for the GENIUS-II project
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (VICI grant); the European Research Council
- Incyte s.r.l. and from Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Junior Research Group & Translational Research Project), the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant NORVAS),
- Swedish Heart-Lung-Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- National Institutes of Health
- Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care through the research project DigiMed Bayern
- ERC
- ERA-CVD
- Dutch Heart Foundation, ZonMw
- the NWO Gravitation project
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca Scientifica
- Regione Lombardia
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
- ITN Network Personalize AF: Personalized Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation: a translational network
- MAESTRIA: Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Early Detection Stroke Atrial Fibrillation
- REPAIR: Restoring cardiac mechanical function by polymeric artificial muscular tissue
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
- European Union H2020 program to the project TECHNOBEAT
- EVICARE
- BRAV3
- ZonMw
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiac Regeneration
- British Heart Foundation studentship
- NC3Rs
- Interreg ITA-AUS project InCARDIO
- Italian Association for Cancer Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilze Bot
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- Department of Cardiology, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Sciences and Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- UnIC - Cardiovascular Research and Development Centre, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mariann Gyongyosi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Instutute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Division Cardiology, Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy and in Oncologic Therapies, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bodo Rosenhahn
- Institute for information Processing, Leibniz University of Hanover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory Health Laboratory, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Steenbeek
- Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patricia Vlasman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Dayenne Zwaagman
- Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Dewing JM, Saunders V, O’Kelly I, Wilson DI. Defining cardiac cell populations and relative cellular composition of the early fetal human heart. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259477. [PMID: 36449524 PMCID: PMC9710754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While the adult human heart is primarily composed of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the cellular composition during early development remains largely unknown. Reliable identification of fetal cardiac cell types using protein markers is critical to understand cardiac development and delineate the cellular composition of the developing human heart. This is the first study to use immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and RT-PCR analyses to investigate the expression and specificity of commonly used cardiac cell markers in the early human fetal heart (8-12 post-conception weeks). The expression of previously reported protein markers for the detection of cardiomyocytes (Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fibroblasts (DDR2, THY1, Vimentin), endothelial cells (CD31) and smooth muscle cells (α-SMA) were assessed. Two distinct populations of cTnI positive cells were identified through flow cytometry, with MHC positive cardiomyocytes showing high cTnI expression (cTnIHigh) while MHC negative non-myocytes showed lower cTnI expression (cTnILow). cTnI expression in non-myocytes was further confirmed by IHC and RT-PCR analyses, suggesting troponins are not cardiomyocyte-specific and may play distinct roles in non-muscle cells during early development. Vimentin (VIM) was expressed in cultured ventricular fibroblast populations and flow cytometry revealed VIMHigh and VIMLow cell populations in the fetal heart. MHC positive cardiomyocytes were VIMLow whilst CD31 positive endothelial cells were VIMHigh. Using markers investigated within this study, we characterised fetal human cardiac populations and estimate that 75-80% of fetal cardiac cells are cardiomyocytes and are MHC+/cTnIHigh/VIMLow, whilst non-myocytes comprise 20-25% of total cells and are MHC-/cTnILow/VIMHigh, with CD31+ endothelial cells comprising ~9% of this population. These findings show distinct differences from those reported for adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Dewing
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Vinay Saunders
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ita O’Kelly
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Immunocore Ltd, Abingdon, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Wilson
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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29
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Visone R, Lozano-Juan F, Marzorati S, Rivolta MW, Pesenti E, Redaelli A, Sassi R, Rasponi M, Occhetta P. Predicting human cardiac QT alterations and pro-arrhythmic effects of compounds with a 3D beating heart-on-chip platform. Toxicol Sci 2022; 191:47-60. [PMID: 36226800 PMCID: PMC9887672 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the potential cardiotoxicity and pro-arrhythmic effects of drug candidates remains one of the most relevant issues in the drug development pipeline (DDP). New methods enabling to perform more representative preclinical in vitro studies by exploiting induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) are under investigation to increase the translational power of the outcomes. Here we present a pharmacological campaign conducted to evaluate the drug-induced QT alterations and arrhythmic events on uHeart, a 3D miniaturized in vitro model of human myocardium encompassing iPSC-CM and dermal fibroblasts embedded in fibrin. uHeart was mechanically trained resulting in synchronously beating cardiac microtissues in 1 week, characterized by a clear field potential (FP) signal that was recorded by means of an integrated electrical system. A drug screening protocol compliant with the new International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines was established and uHeart was employed for testing the effect of 11 compounds acting on single or multiple cardiac ion channels and well-known to elicit QT prolongation or arrhythmic events in clinics. The alterations of uHeart's electrophysiological parameters such as the beating period, the FP duration, the FP amplitude, and the detection of arrhythmic events prior and after drug administration at incremental doses were effectively analyzed through a custom-developed algorithm. Results demonstrated the ability of uHeart to successfully anticipate clinical outcome and to predict the QT prolongation with a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 91.6%. Cardiotoxic concentrations of drugs were notably detected in the range of the clinical highest blood drug concentration (Cmax), qualifying uHeart as a fit-to-purpose preclinical tool for cardiotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
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30
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Gisone I, Cecchettini A, Ceccherini E, Persiani E, Morales MA, Vozzi F. Cardiac tissue engineering: Multiple approaches and potential applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:980393. [PMID: 36263357 PMCID: PMC9574555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.980393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall increase in cardiovascular diseases and, specifically, the ever-rising exposure to cardiotoxic compounds has greatly increased in vivo animal testing; however, mainly due to ethical concerns related to experimental animal models, there is a strong interest in new in vitro models focused on the human heart. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) emerged as reference cell systems for cardiac studies due to their biological similarity to primary CMs, the flexibility in cell culture protocols, and the capability to be amplified several times. Furthermore, the ability to be genetically reprogrammed makes patient-derived hiPSCs, a source for studies on personalized medicine. In this mini-review, the different models used for in vitro cardiac studies will be described, and their pros and cons analyzed to help researchers choose the best fitting model for their studies. Particular attention will be paid to hiPSC-CMs and three-dimensional (3D) systems since they can mimic the cytoarchitecture of the human heart, reproducing its morphological, biochemical, and mechanical features. The advantages of 3D in vitro heart models compared to traditional 2D cell cultures will be discussed, and the differences between scaffold-free and scaffold-based systems will also be spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gisone
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ceccherini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Persiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Federico Vozzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Vozzi,
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31
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Kałużna E, Nadel A, Zimna A, Rozwadowska N, Kolanowski T. Modeling the human heart ex vivo-current possibilities and strive for future applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:853-874. [PMID: 35748158 PMCID: PMC9796015 DOI: 10.1002/term.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The high organ specification of the human heart is inversely proportional to its functional recovery after damage. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has accelerated research in human heart regeneration and physiology. Nevertheless, due to the immaturity of iPSC-CMs, they are far from being an representative model of the adult heart physiology. Therefore, number of laboratories strive to obtain a heart tissues by engineering methods by structuring iPSC-CMs into complex and advanced platforms. By using the iPSC-CMs and arranging them in 3D cultures it is possible to obtain a human heart muscle with physiological capabilities potentially similar to the adult heart, while remaining in vitro. Here, we attempt to describe existing examples of heart muscle either in vitro or ex vivo models and discuss potential options for the further development of such structures. This will be a crucial step for ultimate derivation of complete heart tissue-mimicking organs and their future use in drug development, therapeutic approaches testing, pre-clinical studies, and clinical applications. This review particularly aims to compile available models of advanced human heart tissue for scientists considering which model would best fit their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kałużna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Nadel
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
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32
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Yang X, Ribeiro AJS, Pang L, Strauss DG. Use of Human iPSC-CMs in Nonclinical Regulatory Studies for Cardiac Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:117-126. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a human-relevant platform for cardiac function assessment. Alternative assays using hiPSC-CMs are increasingly being employed for regulatory decision-making. A retrospective review revealed steady use of hiPSC-CM-based in vitro assays in nonclinical studies of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in regulatory submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of the hiPSC-CMs data were obtained in exploratory studies and submitted as supportive evidence in concordance with other nonclinical data. Some of those studies were used to inform clinical trial design. This article provides an overview of the use of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory applications to FDA, with a focus on the integration of human-relevant in vitro data into proarrhythmic and non-proarrhythmic risk assessment. By identifying the regulatory submissions including hiPSC-CMs data, we explore their utility and discuss their limitations for predicting human cardiac safety in clinical trials. An important take-home message is that regulatory acceptance of hiPSC-CMs data is dependent on both the context of use and accurate data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, & Nephrology, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson, Arizona 72079, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
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33
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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34
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Hoang DM, Pham PT, Bach TQ, Ngo ATL, Nguyen QT, Phan TTK, Nguyen GH, Le PTT, Hoang VT, Forsyth NR, Heke M, Nguyen LT. Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:272. [PMID: 35933430 PMCID: PMC9357075 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell technology open a new door for patients suffering from diseases and disorders that have yet to be treated. Stem cell-based therapy, including human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has recently emerged as a key player in regenerative medicine. hPSCs are defined as self-renewable cell types conferring the ability to differentiate into various cellular phenotypes of the human body, including three germ layers. MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells possessing self-renewal ability (limited in vitro) and differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages, according to the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review provides an update on recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), or the umbilical cord (UC) for the treatment of human diseases, including neurological disorders, pulmonary dysfunctions, metabolic/endocrine-related diseases, reproductive disorders, skin burns, and cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we discuss our own clinical trial experiences on targeted therapies using MSCs in a clinical setting, and we propose and discuss the MSC tissue origin concept and how MSC origin may contribute to the role of MSCs in downstream applications, with the ultimate objective of facilitating translational research in regenerative medicine into clinical applications. The mechanisms discussed here support the proposed hypothesis that BM-MSCs are potentially good candidates for brain and spinal cord injury treatment, AT-MSCs are potentially good candidates for reproductive disorder treatment and skin regeneration, and UC-MSCs are potentially good candidates for pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc M Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong T Pham
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Q Bach
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh T L Ngo
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Vinmec High-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang T K Phan
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang H Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong T T Le
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michael Heke
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liem Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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In vitro maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte: A promising approach for cell therapy. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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36
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Gomes MR, Castelo Ferreira F, Sanjuan-Alberte P. Electrospun piezoelectric scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212808. [PMID: 35929248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of smart materials in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly appealing to provide additional functionalities and control over cell fate. The stages of tissue development and regeneration often require various electrical and electromechanical cues supported by the extracellular matrix, which is often neglected in most tissue engineering approaches. Particularly, in cardiac cells, electrical signals modulate cell activity and are responsible for the maintenance of the excitation-contraction coupling. Addition of electroconductive and topographical cues improves the biomimicry of cardiac tissues and plays an important role in driving cells towards the desired phenotype. Current platforms used to apply electrical stimulation to cells in vitro often require large external equipment and wires and electrodes immersed in the culture media, limiting the scalability and applicability of this process. Piezoelectric materials represent a shift in paradigm in materials and methods aimed at providing electrical stimulation to cardiac cells since they can produce and deliver electrical signals to cells and tissues by mechanoelectrical transduction. Despite the ability of piezoelectric materials to mimic the mechanoelectrical transduction of the heart, the use of these materials is limited in cardiac tissue engineering and methods to characterise piezoelectricity are often built in-house, which poses an additional difficulty when comparing results from the literature. In this work, we aim at providing an overview of the main challenges in cardiac tissue engineering and how piezoelectric materials could offer a solution to them. A revision on the existing literature in electrospun piezoelectric materials applied to cardiac tissue engineering is performed for the first time, as electrospinning plays an important role in the manufacturing of scaffolds with enhanced piezoelectricity and extracellular matrix native-like morphology. Finally, an overview of the current techniques used to evaluate piezoelectricity and their limitations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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37
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Song Y, Zheng Z, Lian J. Deciphering Common Long QT Syndrome Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889519. [PMID: 35647048 PMCID: PMC9136094 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From carrying potentially pathogenic genes to severe clinical phenotypes, the basic research in the inherited cardiac ion channel disease such as long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been a significant challenge in explaining gene-phenotype heterogeneity. These have opened up new pathways following the parallel development and successful application of stem cell and genome editing technologies. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and subsequent genome editing have allowed researchers to introduce desired genes into cells in a dish to replicate the disease features of LQTS or replace causative genes to normalize the cellular phenotype. Importantly, this has made it possible to elucidate potential genetic modifiers contributing to clinical heterogeneity and hierarchically manage newly identified variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and more therapeutic options to be tested in vitro. In this paper, we focus on and summarize the recent advanced application of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) in the interpretation for the gene-phenotype relationship of the common LQTS and presence challenges, increasing our understanding of the effects of mutations and the physiopathological mechanisms in the field of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
- Yongfei Song
| | - Zequn Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangfang Lian
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Rashid SA, Blanchard AT, Combs JD, Fernandez N, Dong Y, Cho HC, Salaita K. DNA Tension Probes Show that Cardiomyocyte Maturation Is Sensitive to the Piconewton Traction Forces Transmitted by Integrins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5335-5348. [PMID: 35324164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells (CMCs) are the unit cells that comprise the heart. CMCs go through different stages of differentiation and maturation pathways to fully mature into beating cells. These cells can sense and respond to mechanical cues through receptors such as integrins which influence maturation pathways. For example, cell traction forces are important for the differentiation and development of functional CMCs, as CMCs cultured on varying substrate stiffness function differently. Most work in this area has focused on understanding the role of bulk extracellular matrix stiffness in mediating the functional fate of CMCs. Given that stiffness sensing mechanisms are mediated by individual integrin receptors, an important question in this area pertains to the specific magnitude of integrin piconewton (pN) forces that can trigger CMC functional maturation. To address this knowledge gap, we used DNA adhesion tethers that rupture at specific thresholds of force (∼12, ∼56, and ∼160 pN) to test whether capping peak integrin tension to specific magnitudes affects CMC function. We show that adhesion tethers with greater force tolerance lead to functionally mature CMCs as determined by morphology, twitching frequency, transient calcium flux measurements, and protein expression (F-actin, vinculin, α-actinin, YAP, and SERCA2a). Additionally, sarcomeric actinin alignment and multinucleation were significantly enhanced as the mechanical tolerance of integrin tethers was increased. Taken together, the results show that CMCs harness defined pN integrin forces to influence early stage development. This study represents an important step toward biophysical characterization of the contribution of pN forces in early stage cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aysha Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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39
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Dou W, Malhi M, Zhao Q, Wang L, Huang Z, Law J, Liu N, Simmons CA, Maynes JT, Sun Y. Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35299653 PMCID: PMC8882466 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging heart-on-a-chip platforms are promising approaches to establish cardiac cell/tissue models in vitro for research on cardiac physiology, disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity as well as for therapeutic discovery. Challenges still exist in obtaining the complete capability of in situ sensing to fully evaluate the complex functional properties of cardiac cell/tissue models. Changes to contractile strength (contractility) and beating regularity (rhythm) are particularly important to generate accurate, predictive models. Developing new platforms and technologies to assess the contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models is essential to provide information on cell/tissue physiologies, drug-induced inotropic responses, and the mechanisms of cardiac diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in biosensing platforms for the measurement of contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models, including single cardiomyocytes, 2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes, and 3D cardiac tissues. The characteristics and performance of current platforms are reviewed in terms of sensing principles, measured parameters, performance, cell sources, cell/tissue model configurations, advantages, and limitations. In addition, we highlight applications of these platforms and relevant discoveries in fundamental investigations, drug testing, and disease modeling. Furthermore, challenges and future outlooks of heart-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro measurement of cardiac functional properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Manpreet Malhi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Zongjie Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Junhui Law
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Na Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1 Canada
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40
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Floy ME, Shabnam F, Simmons AD, Bhute VJ, Jin G, Friedrich WA, Steinberg AB, Palecek SP. Advances in Manufacturing Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:255-278. [PMID: 35320695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-033922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over the past two decades has provided a source of normal and diseased human cells for a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo applications. Notably, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are widely used to model human heart development and disease and are in clinical trials for treating heart disease. The success of hPSC-CMs in these applications requires robust, scalable approaches to manufacture large numbers of safe and potent cells. Although significant advances have been made over the past decade in improving the purity and yield of hPSC-CMs and scaling the differentiation process from 2D to 3D, efforts to induce maturation phenotypes during manufacturing have been slow. Process monitoring and closed-loop manufacturing strategies are just being developed. We discuss recent advances in hPSC-CM manufacturing, including differentiation process development and scaling and downstream processes as well as separation and stabilization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Fathima Shabnam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | - Will A Friedrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Alexandra B Steinberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; , , , , ,
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41
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapy for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031912. [PMID: 35163838 PMCID: PMC8837080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, but their clinical use is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite decades of research, treatment options remain limited. The mitochondria is commonly considered to be the main target of doxorubicin and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and present an update on cardioprotective strategies for this disorder. Specifically, we focus on strategies that can protect the mitochondria and cover different therapeutic modalities encompassing small molecules, post-transcriptional regulators, and mitochondrial transfer. We also discuss the shortcomings of existing models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and explore advances in the use of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a platform to facilitate the identification of novel treatments against this disorder.
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42
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From genome editing to blastocyst complementation: a new horizon in heart transplantation? JTCVS Tech 2022; 12:177-184. [PMID: 35403039 PMCID: PMC8987386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dumbleton J, Shamul JG, Jiang B, Agarwal P, Huang H, Jia X, He X. Oxidation and RGD Modification Affect the Early Neural Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Core-Shell Alginate Hydrogel Microcapsules. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:294-303. [PMID: 34038907 PMCID: PMC8617071 DOI: 10.1159/000514580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been studied extensively to improve the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This can be done through stromal-cell derived inducing activity (SDIA), by culturing ESCs directly on top of a layer of feeder stromal cells. However, the stem cells usually become mixed with the feeder cells during the differentiation process, making it difficult to obtain a pure population of the differentiated cells for further use. To address this issue, a non-planar microfluidic device is used here to encapsulate murine ESCs (mESCs) in the 3D liquid core of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell of different sizes for early neural differentiation through SDIA, by culturing mESC-laden microcapsules over a feeder layer of PA6 cells. Furthermore, the alginate hydrogel shell of the microcapsules is modified via oxidation or RGD peptide conjugation to examine the mechanical and chemical effects on neural differentiation of the encapsulated mESC aggregates. A higher expression of Nestin is observed in the aggregates encapsulated in small (∼300 μm) microcapsules and cultured over the PA6 cell feeder layer. Furthermore, the modification of the alginate with RGD facilitates early neurite extension within the microcapsules. This study demonstrates that the presence of the RGD peptide, the SDIA effect of the PA6 cells, and the absence of leukemia inhibition factor from the medium can lead to the early differentiation of mESCs with extensive neurites within the 3D microenvironment of the small microcapsules. This is the first study to investigate the effects of cell adhesion and degradation of the encapsulation materials for directed neural differentiation of mESCs. The simple modifications (i.e., oxidation and RGD incorporation) of the miniaturized 3D environment for improved early neural differentiation of mESCs may potentially enhance further downstream differentiation of the mESCs into more specialized neurons for therapeutic use and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Dumbleton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - James G. Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Haishui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA),Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Xiaoming He, Ph.D., Fishell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, Phone: 301-405-7946,
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44
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Lee CS, Kim J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Cardiovascular Regeneration via Stem Cells and Direct Reprogramming: A Review. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:341-353. [PMID: 35502566 PMCID: PMC9064703 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in treatment strategies, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure remains a significant source of global mortality. Stem cell technology and cellular reprogramming are rapidly growing fields that will continue to prove useful in cardiac regenerative therapeutics. This review provides information on the role of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMCs). Moreover, we discuss the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs while outlining the relevance of directly-reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine. This review critically summarizes the most recent advances in the field will help to guide future research in this developing area. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading causes of morbidity and death globally. In particular, a heart failure remains a major problem that contributes to global mortality. Considerable advancements have been made in conventional pharmacological therapies and coronary intervention surgery for cardiac disorder treatment. However, more than 15% of patients continuously progress to end-stage heart failure and eventually require heart transplantation. Over the past year, numerous numbers of protocols to generate cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been developed and applied in clinical settings. Number of studies have described the therapeutic effects of hPSCs in animal models and revealed the underlying repair mechanisms of cardiac regeneration. In addition, biomedical engineering technologies have improved the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived CMCs in vivo. Recently substantial progress has been made in driving the direct differentiation of somatic cells into mature CMCs, wherein an intermediate cellular reprogramming stage can be bypassed. This review provides information on the role of hPSCs in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs; furthermore, it outlines the relevance of directly reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Onódi Z, Visnovitz T, Kiss B, Hambalkó S, Koncz A, Ágg B, Váradi B, Tóth VÉ, Nagy RN, Gergely TG, Gergő D, Makkos A, Pelyhe C, Varga N, Reé D, Apáti Á, Leszek P, Kovács T, Nagy N, Ferdinandy P, Buzás EI, Görbe A, Giricz Z, Varga ZV. Systematic transcriptomic and phenotypic characterization of human and murine cardiac myocyte cell lines and primary cardiomyocytes reveals serious limitations and low resemblances to adult cardiac phenotype. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 165:19-30. [PMID: 34959166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac cell lines and primary cells are widely used in cardiovascular research. Despite increasing number of publications using these models, comparative characterization of these cell lines has not been performed, therefore, their limitations are undetermined. We aimed to compare cardiac cell lines to primary cardiomyocytes and to mature cardiac tissues in a systematic manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac cell lines (H9C2, AC16, HL-1) were differentiated with widely used protocols. Left ventricular tissue, neonatal primary cardiomyocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes served as reference tissue or cells. RNA expression of cardiac markers (e.g. Tnnt2, Ryr2) was markedly lower in cell lines compared to references. Differentiation induced increase in cardiac- and decrease in embryonic markers however, the overall transcriptomic profile and annotation to relevant biological processes showed consistently less pronounced cardiac phenotype in all cell lines in comparison to the corresponding references. Immunocytochemistry confirmed low expressions of structural protein sarcomeric alpha-actinin, troponin I and caveolin-3 in cell lines. Susceptibility of cell lines to sI/R injury in terms of viability as well as mitochondrial polarization differed from the primary cells irrespective of their degree of differentiation. CONCLUSION Expression patterns of cardiomyocyte markers and whole transcriptomic profile, as well as response to sI/R, and to hypertrophic stimuli indicate low-to-moderate similarity of cell lines to primary cells/cardiac tissues regardless their differentiation. Low resemblance of cell lines to mature adult cardiac tissue limits their potential use. Low translational value should be taken into account while choosing a particular cell line to model cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Hambalkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória É Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina N Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Gergő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reé
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungary; ELKH-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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Gong Y, Yang L, Tang J, Zheng J, Witman N, Jakob P, Tan Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Wang H, Fu W, Wang W. Yohimbine Directly Induces Cardiotoxicity on Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 22:141-151. [PMID: 34817810 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yohimbine is a highly selective and potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, which is usually treated as an adjunction for impotence, as well for weight loss and natural bodybuilding aids. However, it was recently reported that Yohimbine causes myocardial injury and controversial results were reported in the setting of cardiac diseases. Here, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as a model system to explore electrophysiologic characterization after exposure to Yohimbine. HiPSC-CMs were differentiated by employment of inhibitory Wnt compounds. For analysis of electrophysiological properties, conventional whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used. Specifically, spontaneous action potentials, pacemaker currents (If), sodium (Na+) channel (INa), and calcium (Ca++) channel currents (ICa) were assessed in hiPSC-CMs after exposure to Yohimbine. HiPSC-CMs expressed sarcomeric-α-actinin and MLC2V proteins, as well as exhibited ventricular-like spontaneous action potential waveform. Yohimbine inhibited frequency of hiPSC-CMs spontaneous action potentials and significantly prolonged action potential duration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rest potential, threshold potential, amplitude, and maximal diastolic potential were decreased, whereas APD50/APD90 was prolonged. Yohimbine inhibited the amplitude of INa in low doses (IC50 = 14.2 μM, n = 5) and inhibited ICa in high doses (IC50 = 139.7 μM, n = 5). Whereas Yohimbine did not affect the activation curves, treatment resulted in left shifts in inactivation curves of both Na+ and Ca++ channels. Here, we show that Yohimbine induces direct cardiotoxic effects on spontaneous action potentials of INa and ICa in hiPSC-CMs. Importantly, these effects were not mediated by α2-adrenoceptor signaling. Our results strongly suggest that Yohimbine directly and negatively affects electrophysiological properties of human cardiomyocytes. These findings are highly relevant for potential application of Yohimbine in patients with atrioventricular conduction disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jakob
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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47
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Song MH, Choi SC, Noh JM, Joo HJ, Park CY, Cha JJ, Ahn TH, Ko TH, Choi JI, Na JE, Rhyu IJ, Jang Y, Park Y, Gim JA, Kim JH, Lim DS. LEFTY-PITX2 signaling pathway is critical for generation of mature and ventricular cardiac organoids in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac mesoderm cells. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121133. [PMID: 34571434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of mature ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) resembling adult CMs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is necessary for disease modeling and drug discovery. To investigate the effect of self-organizing capacity on the generation of mature cardiac organoids (COs), we generated cardiac mesoderm cell-derived COs (CMC-COs) and CM-derived COs (CM-COs) and evaluated COs. CMC-COs exhibited more organized sarcomere structures and mitochondria, well-arranged t-tubule structures, and evenly distributed intercalated discs. Increased expressions of ventricular CM, cardiac metabolic, t-tubule formation, K+ ion channel, and junctional markers were confirmed in CMC-COs. Mature ventricular-like function such as faster motion vector speed, decreased beats per min, increased peak-to-peak duration, and prolonged APD50 and APD90 were observed in CMC-COs. Transcriptional profiling revealed that extracellular matrix-integrin, focal adhesion, and LEFTY-PITX2 signaling pathways are upregulated in CMC-COs. LEFTY knockdown affected ECM-integrin-FA signaling pathways in CMC-COs. Here, we found that high self-organizing capacity of CMCs is critical for the generation of mature and ventricular COs. We also demonstrated that LEFTY-PITX2 signaling plays key roles for CM maturation and specification into ventricular-like CM subtype in CMC-COs. CMC-COs are an attractive resource for disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hwa Song
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; R&D Center for Companion Diagnostic, SOL Bio Corporation, Suite 510, 27, Seongsui-ro7-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04780, South Korea
| | - Ji-Min Noh
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Cha
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Na
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Medical Science Research Center, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul,08308, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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48
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Moreira JD, Gopal DM, Kotton DN, Fetterman JL. Gaining Insight into Mitochondrial Genetic Variation and Downstream Pathophysiology: What Can i(PSCs) Do? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1668. [PMID: 34828274 PMCID: PMC8624338 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are specialized organelles involved in energy production that have retained their own genome throughout evolutionary history. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is maternally inherited and requires coordinated regulation with nuclear genes to produce functional enzyme complexes that drive energy production. Each mitochondrion contains 5-10 copies of mtDNA and consequently, each cell has several hundreds to thousands of mtDNAs. Due to the presence of multiple copies of mtDNA in a mitochondrion, mtDNAs with different variants may co-exist, a condition called heteroplasmy. Heteroplasmic variants can be clonally expanded, even in post-mitotic cells, as replication of mtDNA is not tied to the cell-division cycle. Heteroplasmic variants can also segregate during germ cell formation, underlying the inheritance of some mitochondrial mutations. Moreover, the uneven segregation of heteroplasmic variants is thought to underlie the heterogeneity of mitochondrial variation across adult tissues and resultant differences in the clinical presentation of mitochondrial disease. Until recently, however, the mechanisms mediating the relation between mitochondrial genetic variation and disease remained a mystery, largely due to difficulties in modeling human mitochondrial genetic variation and diseases. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and targeted gene editing of the nuclear, and more recently mitochondrial, genomes now provides the ability to dissect how genetic variation in mitochondrial genes alter cellular function across a variety of human tissue types. This review will examine the origins of mitochondrial heteroplasmic variation and propagation, and the tools used to model mitochondrial genetic diseases. Additionally, we discuss how iPSC technologies represent an opportunity to advance our understanding of human mitochondrial genetics in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Moreira
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.D.M.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Deepa M. Gopal
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.D.M.); (D.M.G.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Boston Medical Center, Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessica L. Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.D.M.); (D.M.G.)
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49
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Singh V. Intracellular metabolic reprogramming mediated by micro-RNAs in differentiating and proliferating cells under non-diseased conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8123-8140. [PMID: 34643930 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular metabolic reprogramming is a critical process the cells carry out to increase biomass, energy fulfillment and genome replication. Cells reprogram their demands from internal catabolic or anabolic activities in coordination with multiple genes and microRNAs which further control the critical processes of differentiation and proliferation. The microRNAs reprogram the metabolism involving mitochondria, the nucleus and the biochemical processes utilizing glucose, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids resulting in ATP production. The processes of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, or oxidative phosphorylation are also mediated by micro-RNAs maintaining cells and organs in a non-diseased state. Several reports have shown practical applications of metabolic reprogramming for clinical utility to assess various diseases, mostly studying cancer and immune-related disorders. Cells under diseased conditions utilize glycolysis for abnormal growth or proliferation, respectively, affecting mitochondrial paucity and biogenesis. Similar metabolic processes also affect gene expressions and transcriptional regulation for carrying out biochemical reactions. Metabolic reprogramming is equally vital for regulating cell environment to maintain organs and tissues in non-diseased states. This review offers in depth insights and analysis of how miRNAs regulate metabolic reprogramming in four major types of cells undergoing differentiation and proliferation, i.e., immune cells, neuronal cells, skeletal satellite cells, and cardiomyocytes under a non-diseased state. Further, the work systematically summarizes and elaborates regulation of genetic switches by microRNAs through predominantly through cellular reprogramming and metabolic processes for the first time. The observations will lead to a better understanding of disease initiation during the differentiation and proliferation stages of cells, as well as fresh approaches to studying clinical onset of linked metabolic diseases targeting metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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50
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Smit T, Schickel E, Azimzadeh O, von Toerne C, Rauh O, Ritter S, Durante M, Schroeder IS. A Human 3D Cardiomyocyte Risk Model to Study the Cardiotoxic Influence of X-rays and Other Noxae in Adults. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102608. [PMID: 34685588 PMCID: PMC8533903 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart tissue is a potential target of various noxae contributing to the onset of cardiovascular diseases. However, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown. Human stem cell-derived models are promising, but a major concern is cell immaturity when estimating risks for adults. In this study, 3D aggregates of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were cultivated for 300 days and characterized regarding degree of maturity, structure, and cell composition. Furthermore, effects of ionizing radiation (X-rays, 0.1–2 Gy) on matured aggregates were investigated, representing one of the noxae that are challenging to assess. Video-based functional analyses were correlated to changes in the proteome after irradiation. Cardiomyocytes reached maximum maturity after 100 days in cultivation, judged by α-actinin lengths, and displayed typical multinucleation and branching. At this time, aggregates contained all major cardiac cell types, proven by the patch-clamp technique. Matured and X-ray-irradiated aggregates revealed a subtle increase in beat rates and a more arrhythmic sequence of cellular depolarisation and repolarisation compared to non-irradiated sham controls. The proteome analysis provides first insights into signaling mechanisms contributing to cardiotoxicity. Here, we propose an in vitro model suitable to screen various noxae to target adult cardiotoxicity by preserving all the benefits of a 3D tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Smit
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.S.); (E.S.); (S.R.); (M.D.)
- Biology Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Esther Schickel
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.S.); (E.S.); (S.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Oliver Rauh
- Biology Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.S.); (E.S.); (S.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.S.); (E.S.); (S.R.); (M.D.)
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Insa S. Schroeder
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (T.S.); (E.S.); (S.R.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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