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Zhao HF, Liu YS, Wang J, Wu CP, Zhou XM, Cai LR, Liu J, Liu XJ, Xu YW, Li WP, Huang GD. Nuclear transport of phosphorylated LanCL2 promotes invadopodia formation and tumor progression of glioblastoma by activating STAT3/Cortactin signaling. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00107-3. [PMID: 38492734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous study showed that the abscisic acid receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) is a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in young glioblastoma patients. However, the role of LanCL2 in glioblastoma remains unclear yet. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the role of LanCL2 in regulating in-vitro cell invasion and in-vivo tumor progression of glioblastoma and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Tyrosine 198 or 295 residue of LanCL2 was mutated using site-directed mutagenesis to block its phosphorylation. The role of LanCL2 in glioblastoma was investigated using transwell or 3D invasion assay, matrix degradation assay and intracranial xenograft model. RESULTS This study showed that nuclear transport of LanCL2 was enhanced by overexpression of LanCL2 or its ligand abscisic acid in glioblastoma cells. Knockdown of LanCL2 suppressed migration, invasion and invadopodia formation of glioblastoma cells, whereas overexpression of wild-type LanCL2 enhanced them. Blocking of Tyr295 residue phosphorylation of LanCL2 impeded its nuclear transport, retarded glioblastoma cell motility and invadopodia formation, and deceased the phosphorylation of Cortactin and STAT3. c-Met was identified as the upstream tyrosine kinase of Tyr295 residue of LanCL2, and inhibition of c-Met markedly suppressed the nuclear transport of LanCL2. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type LanCL2 significantly promoted orthotopic tumor growth of glioblastoma in vivo and led to poor survival of mice with median survival time of 33.5 days, whereas Tyr295 mutation rescued it with median survival time of 49 days. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that Tyr295 phosphorylation is crucial to the activation and nuclear transport of LanCL2, as well as invadopodia formation and tumor progression of glioblastoma, providing the evidence of a novel signaling axis c-Met/LanCL2/STAT3/Cortactin and the first observation of the importance of Tyr295 phosphorylation to LanCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Yun-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chang-Peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Longhua New District People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Zhou
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - Lin-Rong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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Scarano N, Di Palma F, Origlia N, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Spinelli S, Passalacqua M, Zocchi E, Sturla L, Cichero E, Cavalli A. New Insights into the LANCL2- ABA Binding Mode towards the Evaluation of New LANCL Agonists. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2754. [PMID: 38140095 PMCID: PMC10747503 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The lanthionine synthetase C-like (LANCL) proteins include LANCL2, which is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues. LANCL2 exhibits glutathionylation activity and is involved in the neutralization of reactive electrophiles. Several studies explored LANCL2 activation as a validated pharmacological target for diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. In this context, LANCL2 was found to bind the natural product abscisic acid (ABA), whose pre-clinical effectiveness in different inflammatory diseases was reported in the literature. More recently, LANCL2 attracted more attention as a valuable resource in the field of neurodegenerative disorders. ABA was found to regulate neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity to enhance learning and memory, exhibiting promising neuroprotective effects. Up until now, a limited number of LANCL2 ligands are known; among them, BT-11 is the only compound patented and investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties. To guide the design of novel putative LANCL2 agonists, a computational study including molecular docking and long molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of both ABA and BT-11 was carried out. The results pointed out the main LANCL2 ligand chemical features towards the following virtual screening of a novel putative LANCL2 agonist (AR-42). Biochemical assays on rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes showed a similar, LANCL2-mediated stimulation by BT-11 and by AR-42 of the mitochondrial proton gradient and of the transcriptional activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 axis, the master regulator of mitochondrial function, effects that are previously observed with ABA. These results may allow the development of LANCL2 agonists for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction, a common feature of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Di Palma
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Origlia
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratorio di Nefrologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.Z.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.D.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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The ABA/LANCL Hormone/Receptor System in the Control of Glycemia, of Cardiomyocyte Energy Metabolism, and in Neuroprotection: A New Ally in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021199. [PMID: 36674711 PMCID: PMC9863406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), long known as a plant stress hormone, is present and functionally active in organisms other than those pertaining to the land plant kingdom, including cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, protozoan parasites, lower Metazoa, and mammals. The ancient, cross-kingdom role of this stress hormone allows ABA and its signaling pathway to control cell responses to environmental stimuli in diverse organisms such as marine sponges, higher plants, and humans. Recent advances in our knowledge about the physiological role of ABA and of its mammalian receptors in the control of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in myocytes, adipocytes, and neuronal cells allow us to foresee therapeutic applications for ABA in the fields of pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardio- and neuro-protection. Vegetal extracts titrated in their ABA content have shown both efficacy and tolerability in preliminary clinical studies. As the prevalence of glucose intolerance, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing in both industrialized and rapidly developing countries, new and cost-efficient therapeutics to combat these ailments are much needed to ensure disease-free aging for the current and future working generations.
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Wong A, Bi C, Chi W, Hu N, Gehring C. Amino acid motifs for the identification of novel protein interactants. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:326-334. [PMID: 36582434 PMCID: PMC9791077 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems consist of multiple components of different physical and chemical properties that require complex and dynamic regulatory loops to function efficiently. The discovery of ever more novel interacting sites in complex proteins suggests that we are only beginning to understand how cellular and biological functions are integrated and tuned at the molecular and systems levels. Here we review recently discovered interacting sites which have been identified through rationally designed amino acid motifs diagnostic for specific molecular functions, including enzymatic activities and ligand-binding properties. We specifically discuss the nature of the latter using as examples, novel hormone recognition and gas sensing sites that occur in moonlighting protein complexes. Drawing evidence from the current literature, we discuss the potential implications at the cellular, tissue, and/or organismal levels of such non-catalytic interacting sites and provide several promising avenues for the expansion of amino acid motif searches to discover hitherto unknown protein interactants and interaction networks. We believe this knowledge will unearth unexpected functions in both new and well-characterized proteins, thus filling existing conceptual gaps or opening new avenues for applications either as drug targets or tools in pharmacology, cell biology and bio-catalysis. Beyond this, motif searches may also support the design of novel, effective and sustainable approaches to crop improvements and the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Chuyun Bi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Ningxin Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06121, Italy,Corresponding author.
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Abscisic Acid Improves Insulin Action on Glycemia in Insulin-Deficient Mouse Models of Type 1 Diabetes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060523. [PMID: 35736456 PMCID: PMC9227369 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, has recently been shown to play a role in glycemia regulation in mammals, by stimulating insulin-independent glucose uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to test whether ABA could improve glycemic control in a murine model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and the effect of ABA administration, alone or with insulin, was tested on glycemia. Diabetic mice treated with a single oral dose of ABA and low-dose subcutaneous insulin showed a significantly reduced glycemia profile compared with controls treated with insulin alone. In diabetic mice treated for four weeks with ABA, the effect of low-dose insulin on the glycemia profile after glucose load was significantly improved, and transcription both of the insulin receptor, and of glycolytic enzymes in muscle, was increased. Moreover, a significantly increased transcription and protein expression of AMPK, PGC1-α, and GLUT4 was observed in the skeletal muscle from diabetic mice treated with ABA, compared with untreated controls. ABA supplementation in conjunction with insulin holds the promise of reducing the dose of insulin required in T1D, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia, and improving muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose consumption.
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Spinelli S, Begani G, Guida L, Magnone M, Galante D, D'Arrigo C, Scotti C, Iamele L, De Jonge H, Zocchi E, Sturla L. LANCL1 binds abscisic acid and stimulates glucose transport and mitochondrial respiration in muscle cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101263. [PMID: 34098144 PMCID: PMC8237609 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone also present and active in animals. In mammals, ABA regulates blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin-independent glucose uptake and metabolism in adipocytes and myocytes through its receptor LANCL2. The objective of this study was to investigate whether another member of the LANCL protein family, LANCL1, also behaves as an ABA receptor and, if so, which functional effects are mediated by LANCL1. METHODS ABA binding to human recombinant LANCL1 was explored by equilibrium-binding experiments with [3H]ABA, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance. Rat L6 myoblasts overexpressing either LANCL1 or LANCL2, or silenced for the expression of both proteins, were used to investigate the basal and ABA-stimulated transport of a fluorescent glucose analog (NBDG) and the signaling pathway downstream of the LANCL proteins using Western blot and qPCR analysis. Finally, glucose tolerance and sensitivity to ABA were compared in LANCL2-/- and wild-type (WT) siblings. RESULTS Human recombinant LANCL1 binds ABA with a Kd between 1 and 10 μM, depending on the assay (i.e., in a concentration range that lies between the low and high-affinity ABA binding sites of LANCL2). In L6 myoblasts, LANCL1 and LANCL2 similarly, i) stimulate both basal and ABA-triggered NBDG uptake (4-fold), ii) activate the transcription and protein expression of the glucose transporters GLUT4 and GLUT1 (4-6-fold) and the signaling proteins AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 (2-fold), iii) stimulate mitochondrial respiration (5-fold) and the expression of the skeletal muscle (SM) uncoupling proteins sarcolipin (3-fold) and UCP3 (12-fold). LANCL2-/- mice have a reduced glucose tolerance compared to WT. They spontaneously overexpress LANCL1 in the SM and respond to chronic ABA treatment (1 μg/kg body weight/day) with an improved glycemia response to glucose load and an increased SM transcription of GLUT4 and GLUT1 (20-fold) of the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway and sarcolipin, UCP3, and NAMPT (4- to 6-fold). CONCLUSIONS LANCL1 behaves as an ABA receptor with a somewhat lower affinity for ABA than LANCL2 but with overlapping effector functions: stimulating glucose uptake and the expression of muscle glucose transporters and mitochondrial uncoupling and respiration via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway. Receptor redundancy may have been advantageous in animal evolution, given the role of the ABA/LANCL system in the insulin-independent stimulation of cell glucose uptake and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Begani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Magnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Denise Galante
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Arrigo
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Iamele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hugo De Jonge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and General Pathology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Ardis Srl, Via Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Zhao HF, Zhou XM, Wang J, Chen FF, Wu CP, Diao PY, Cai LR, Chen L, Xu YW, Liu J, Li ZY, Liu WL, Chen ZP, Huang GD, Li WP. Identification of prognostic values defined by copy number variation, mRNA and protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR in glioblastoma patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:372. [PMID: 34461927 PMCID: PMC8404333 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) genes locate in the same amplicon, and co-amplification of EGFR and LANCL2 is frequent in glioblastoma. However, the prognostic value of LANCL2 and EGFR co-amplification, and their mRNA and protein expression in glioblastoma remain unclear yet. METHODS This study analyzed the prognostic values of the copy number variations (CNVs), mRNA and protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR in 575 glioblastoma patients in TCGA database and 100 glioblastoma patients in tumor banks of the Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. RESULTS The amplification of LANCL2 or EGFR, and their co-amplification were frequent in glioblastoma of TCGA database and our tumor banks. A significant correlation was found between the CNVs of LANCL2 and EGFR (p < 0.001). CNVs of LANCL2 or EGFR were significantly correlated with IDH1/2 mutation but not MGMT promoter methylation. Multivariate analysis showed that LANCL2 amplification was significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) in younger (< 60 years) glioblastoma patients of TCGA database (p = 0.043, HR = 1.657) and our tumor banks (p = 0.018, HR = 2.199). However, LANCL2 or EGFR amplification, and their co-amplification had no significant impact on OS in older (≥ 60 years) or IDH1/2-wild-type glioblastoma patients. mRNA and protein overexpression of LANCL2 and EGFR was also frequently found in glioblastoma. The mRNA expression rather than the protein expression of LANCL2 and EGFR was positively correlated (p < 0.001). However, mRNA or protein expression of EGFR and LANCL2 was not significantly correlated with OS of glioblastoma patients. The protein expression level of LANCL2, rather than EGFR, was elevated in relapsing glioblastoma, compared with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. In addition, the intracellular localization of LanCL2, not EGFR, was associated with the grade of gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, amplification and mRNA overexpression of LANCL2 and EGFR, and their co-amplification and co-expression were frequent in glioblastoma patients. Our findings suggest that amplification of LANCL2 and EGFR were the independent diagnostic biomarkers for glioblastoma patients, and LANCL2 amplification was a significant prognostic factor for OS in younger glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510510, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fan-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chang-Peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Peng-Yu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Lin-Rong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zong-Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wen-Lan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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Drake JL, Whitelegge JP, Jacobs DK. First sequencing of ancient coral skeletal proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19407. [PMID: 33173075 PMCID: PMC7655939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the first recovery, sequencing, and identification of fossil biomineral proteins from a Pleistocene fossil invertebrate, the stony coral Orbicella annularis. This fossil retains total hydrolysable amino acids of a roughly similar composition to extracts from modern O. annularis skeletons, with the amino acid data rich in Asx (Asp + Asn) and Glx (Glu + Gln) typical of invertebrate skeletal proteins. It also retains several proteins, including a highly acidic protein, also known from modern coral skeletal proteomes that we sequenced by LC-MS/MS over multiple trials in the best-preserved fossil coral specimen. A combination of degradation or amino acid racemization inhibition of trypsin digestion appears to limit greater recovery. Nevertheless, our workflow determines optimal samples for effective sequencing of fossil coral proteins, allowing comparison of modern and fossil invertebrate protein sequences, and will likely lead to further improvements of the methods. Sequencing of endogenous organic molecules in fossil invertebrate biominerals provides an ancient record of composition, potentially clarifying evolutionary changes and biotic responses to paleoenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana L Drake
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - David K Jacobs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Yuan M, Song ZH, Ying MD, Zhu H, He QJ, Yang B, Cao J. N-myristoylation: from cell biology to translational medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1005-1015. [PMID: 32203082 PMCID: PMC7468318 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various lipids and lipid metabolites are bound to and modify the proteins in eukaryotic cells, which are known as ‘protein lipidation’. There are four major types of the protein lipidation, i.e. myristoylation, palmitoylation, prenylation, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. N-myristoylation refers to the attachment of 14-carbon fatty acid myristates to the N-terminal glycine of proteins by N-myristoyltransferases (NMT) and affects their physiology such as plasma targeting, subcellular tracking and localization, thereby influencing the function of proteins. With more novel pathogenic N-myristoylated proteins are identified, the N-myristoylation will attract great attentions in various human diseases including infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, and cancers. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of N-myristoylation in physiological processes and discuss the hitherto implication of crosstalk between N-myristoylation and other protein modification. Furthermore, we mention several well-studied NMT inhibitors mainly in infectious diseases and cancers and generalize the relation of NMT and cancer progression by browsing the clinic database. This review also aims to highlight the further investigation into the dynamic crosstalk of N-myristoylation in physiological processes as well as the potential application of protein N-myristoylation in translational medicine.
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10
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Tubau-Juni N, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Goodpaster B, Bassaganya-Riera J. Abscisic acid enriched fig extract promotes insulin sensitivity by decreasing systemic inflammation and activating LANCL2 in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10463. [PMID: 32591558 PMCID: PMC7319979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid is a phytohormone found in fruits and vegetables and is endogenously produced in mammals. In humans and mice, lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) has been characterized as the natural receptor for ABA. Herein, we characterize the efficacy of a fig fruit extract of ABA in promoting glycemic control. This ABA-enriched extract, at 0.125 µg ABA/kg body weight, improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and db/db mouse models. In addition to decreasing systemic inflammation and providing glycemic control without increasing insulin, ABA extract modulates the metabolic activity of muscle. ABA increases expression of important glycogen synthase, glucose, fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism genes and increases direct measures of fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation and metabolic flexibility in soleus muscle cells from ABA-treated mice with DIO. Glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production were increased in ABA-treated human myotubes. Further, ABA synergized with insulin to dramatically increase the rate of glycogen synthesis. The loss of LANCL2 in skeletal muscle abrogated the effect of ABA extract in the DIO model and increased fasting blood glucose levels. This data further supports the clinical development of ABA in the treatment of pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leber
- NIMML Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- BioTherapeutics, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- NIMML Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- BioTherapeutics, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- NIMML Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- BioTherapeutics, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | | | | | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- NIMML Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
- BioTherapeutics, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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11
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Magnone M, Sturla L, Guida L, Spinelli S, Begani G, Bruzzone S, Fresia C, Zocchi E. Abscisic Acid: A Conserved Hormone in Plants and Humans and a Promising Aid to Combat Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061724. [PMID: 32526875 PMCID: PMC7352484 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone with a very long evolutionary history, dating back to the earliest living organisms, of which modern (ABA-producing) cyanobacteria are likely the descendants, well before separation of the plant and animal kingdoms, with a conserved role as a signal regulating cell responses to environmental challenges. In mammals, nanomolar ABA controls the metabolic response to glucose availability by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue with an insulin-independent mechanism and increasing energy expenditure in the brown and white adipose tissues. Activation by ABA of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), in contrast to the insulin-induced activation of AMPK-inhibiting Akt, is responsible for stimulation of GLUT4-mediated muscle glucose uptake, and for the browning effect on white adipocytes. Intake of micrograms per Kg body weight of ABA improves glucose tolerance in both normal and in borderline subjects and chronic intake of such a dose of ABA improves blood glucose, lipids and morphometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) in borderline subjects for prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes the most recent results obtained in vivo with microgram amounts of ABA, the role of the receptor LANCL2 in the hormone’s action and the significance of the endowment by mammals of two different hormones controlling the metabolic response to glucose availability. Finally, open issues in need of further investigation and perspectives for the clinical use of nutraceutical ABA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Magnone
- Nutravis S.r.l., Via Corsica 2/19, 16128 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.Z.); Tel.: +39-10-3538131 (M.M.); +39-10-3538161 (E.Z.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Giulia Begani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.S.); (L.G.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.Z.); Tel.: +39-10-3538131 (M.M.); +39-10-3538161 (E.Z.)
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12
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Complete Genome Sequence of Lanthionine-Producing Lactobacillus brevis Strain 100D8, Generated by PacBio Sequencing. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01220-18. [PMID: 30533710 PMCID: PMC6256641 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01220-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis strain 100D8 was isolated from rye silage and showed rapid acidification ability in vitro and antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing fungi. We report here the complete genome sequence of L. brevis strain 100D8, which has a circular chromosome (2,351,988 bp, 2,304 coding sequences [CDSs]) and three plasmids (45,061 bp, 57 CDSs; 40,740 bp, 40 CDSs; and 39,943 bp, 57 CDSs). Lactobacillus brevis strain 100D8 was isolated from rye silage and showed rapid acidification ability in vitro and antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing fungi. We report here the complete genome sequence of L. brevis strain 100D8, which has a circular chromosome (2,351,988 bp, 2,304 coding sequences [CDSs]) and three plasmids (45,061 bp, 57 CDSs; 40,740 bp, 40 CDSs; and 39,943 bp, 57 CDSs).
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13
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Bennink S, von Bohl A, Ngwa CJ, Henschel L, Kuehn A, Pilch N, Weißbach T, Rosinski AN, Scheuermayer M, Repnik U, Przyborski JM, Minns AM, Orchard LM, Griffiths G, Lindner SE, Llinás M, Pradel G. A seven-helix protein constitutes stress granules crucial for regulating translation during human-to-mosquito transmission of Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007249. [PMID: 30133543 PMCID: PMC6122839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex life-cycle of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum requires a high degree of tight coordination allowing the parasite to adapt to changing environments. One of the major challenges for the parasite is the human-to-mosquito transmission, which starts with the differentiation of blood stage parasites into the transmissible gametocytes, followed by the rapid conversion of the gametocytes into gametes, once they are taken up by the blood-feeding Anopheles vector. In order to pre-adapt to this change of host, the gametocytes store transcripts in stress granules that encode proteins needed for parasite development in the mosquito. Here we report on a novel stress granule component, the seven-helix protein 7-Helix-1. The protein, a homolog of the human stress response regulator LanC-like 2, accumulates in stress granules of female gametocytes and interacts with ribonucleoproteins, such as CITH, DOZI, and PABP1. Malaria parasites lacking 7-Helix-1 are significantly impaired in female gametogenesis and thus transmission to the mosquito. Lack of 7-Helix-1 further leads to a deregulation of components required for protein synthesis. Consistently, inhibitors of translation could mimic the 7-Helix-1 loss-of-function phenotype. 7-Helix-1 forms a complex with the RNA-binding protein Puf2, a translational regulator of the female-specific antigen Pfs25, as well as with pfs25-coding mRNA. In accord, gametocytes deficient of 7-Helix-1 exhibit impaired Pfs25 synthesis. Our data demonstrate that 7-Helix-1 constitutes stress granules crucial for regulating the synthesis of proteins needed for life-cycle progression of Plasmodium in the mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bennink
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Bohl
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Che J. Ngwa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonie Henschel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kuehn
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Pilch
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Weißbach
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina N. Rosinski
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Urska Repnik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Allen M. Minns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Orchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Scott E. Lindner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Huck Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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14
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González-Tablas M, Crespo I, Vital AL, Otero Á, Nieto AB, Sousa P, Patino-Alonso MC, Corchete LA, Tão H, Rebelo O, Barbosa M, Almeida MR, Guedes AF, Lopes MC, French PJ, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Prognostic stratification of adult primary glioblastoma multiforme patients based on their tumor gene amplification profiles. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28083-28102. [PMID: 29963263 PMCID: PMC6021328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several classification systems have been proposed to address genomic heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme, but they either showed limited prognostic value and/or are difficult to implement in routine diagnostics. Here we propose a prognostic stratification model for these primary tumors based on tumor gene amplification profiles, that might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially improve the patients management. Gene amplification profiles were prospectively evaluated in 80 primary glioblastoma multiforme tumors using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and the results obtained validated in publicly available data from 267/347 cases. Gene amplification was detected in 45% of patients, and chromosome 7p11.2 including the EGFR gene, was the most frequently amplified chromosomal region – either alone (18%) or in combination with amplification of DNA sequences in other chromosomal regions (10% of cases). Other frequently amplified DNA sequences included regions in chromosomes 12q(10%), 4q12(7%) and 1q32.1(4%). Based on their gene amplification profiles, glioblastomas were subdivided into: i) tumors with no gene amplification (55%); ii) tumors with chromosome 7p/EGFR gene amplification (with or without amplification of other chromosomal regions) (38%); and iii) glioblastoma multiforme with a single (11%) or multiple (6%) amplified DNA sequences in chromosomal regions other than chromosome 7p. From the prognostic point of view, these amplification profiles showed a significant impact on overall survival of glioblastoma multiforme patients (p>0.001). Based on these gene amplification profiles, a risk-stratification scoring system was built for prognostic stratification of glioblastoma which might be easily implemented in routine diagnostics, and potentially contribute to improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Tablas
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inês Crespo
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Vital
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario e Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Nieto
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Sousa
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario e Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Luis Antonio Corchete
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hermínio Tão
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurology Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Neurosurgery Service, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Filipa Guedes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Dolores Tabernero
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Department of Medicine, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Cichero E, Fresia C, Guida L, Booz V, Millo E, Scotti C, Iamele L, de Jonge H, Galante D, De Flora A, Sturla L, Vigliarolo T, Zocchi E, Fossa P. Identification of a high affinity binding site for abscisic acid on human lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Dammalli M, Dey G, Kumar M, Madugundu AK, Gopalakrishnan L, Gowrishankar BS, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK, Prasad TSK. Proteomics of the Human Olfactory Tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:77-87. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Dammalli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anil K. Madugundu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
- NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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17
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Zocchi E, Hontecillas R, Leber A, Einerhand A, Carbo A, Bruzzone S, Tubau-Juni N, Philipson N, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Sturla L, Bassaganya-Riera J. Abscisic Acid: A Novel Nutraceutical for Glycemic Control. Front Nutr 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28660193 PMCID: PMC5468461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid is naturally present in fruits and vegetables, and it plays an important role in managing glucose homeostasis in humans. According to the latest U.S. dietary survey, about 92% of the population might have a deficient intake of ABA due to their deficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes the in vitro, preclinical, mechanistic, and human translational findings obtained over the past 15 years in the study of the role of ABA in glycemic control. In 2007, dietary ABA was first reported to ameliorate glucose tolerance and obesity-related inflammation in mice. The most recent findings regarding the topic of ABA and its proposed receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 in glycemic control and their interplay with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suggest a major role for ABA in the physiological response to a glucose load in humans. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the ABA response might be dysfunctional in diabetic subjects. Follow on intervention studies in healthy individuals show that low-dose dietary ABA administration exerts a beneficial effect on the glycemia and insulinemia profiles after oral glucose load. These recent findings showing benefits in humans, together with extensive efficacy data in mouse models of diabetes and inflammatory disease, suggest the need for reference ABA values and its possible exploitation of the glycemia-lowering effects of ABA for preventative purposes. Larger clinical studies on healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects are needed to determine whether addressing the widespread dietary ABA deficiency improves glucose control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Andrew Leber
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Adria Carbo
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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18
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Patel S. Pathogenicity-associated protein domains: The fiercely-conserved evolutionary signatures. GENE REPORTS 2017; 7:127-141. [PMID: 32363241 PMCID: PMC7185390 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have highly conserved domains that determine their functionality. Out of the thousands of domains discovered so far across all living forms, some of the predominant clinically-relevant domains include IENR1, HNHc, HELICc, Pro-kuma_activ, Tryp_SPc, Lactamase_B, PbH1, ChtBD3, CBM49, acidPPc, G3P_acyltransf, RPOL8c, KbaA, HAMP, HisKA, Hr1, Dak2, APC2, Citrate_ly_lig, DALR, VKc, YARHG, WR1, PWI, ZnF_BED, TUDOR, MHC_II_beta, Integrin_B_tail, Excalibur, DISIN, Cadherin, ACTIN, PROF, Robl_LC7, MIT, Kelch, GAS2, B41, Cyclin_C, Connexin_CCC, OmpH, Bac_rhodopsin, AAA, Knot1, NH, Galanin, IB, Elicitin, ACTH, Cache_2, CHASE, AgrB, PRP, IGR, and Antimicrobial21. These domains are distributed in nucleases/helicases, proteases, esterases, lipases, glycosylase, GTPases, phosphatases, methyltransferases, acyltransferase, acetyltransferase, polymerase, kinase, ligase, synthetase, oxidoreductase, protease inhibitors, nucleic acid binding proteins, adhesion and immunity-related proteins, cytoskeletal component-manipulating proteins, lipid biosynthesis and metabolism proteins, membrane-associated proteins, hormone-like and signaling proteins, etc. These domains are ubiquitous stretches or folds of the proteins in pathogens and allergens. Pathogenesis alleviation efforts can benefit enormously if the characteristics of these domains are known. Hence, this review catalogs and discusses the role of such pivotal domains, suggesting hypotheses for better understanding of pathogenesis at molecular level. Proteins have highly conserved regions or domains across pathogens and allergens. Knowledge on these critical domains can facilitate our understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms. Such immune manipulation-related domains include IENR1, HNHc, HELICc, ACTIN, PROF, Robl_LC7, OmpH etc. These domains are presnt in enzyme, transcription regulators, adhesion proteins, and hormones. This review discusses and hypothesizes on these domains.
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Key Words
- CARDs, caspase activation and recruitment domains
- CBM, carbohydrate binding module
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- ChtBD, chitin-binding domain
- Diversification
- HNHc, homing endonucleases
- HTH, helix-turn-helix
- IENR1, intron-encoded endonuclease repeat
- Immune manipulation
- PAMPs, pathogen associated molecular patterns
- Pathogenesis
- Phylogenetic conservation
- Protein domains
- SMART, Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool
- Shuffling
- UDG, uracil DNA glycosylase
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA
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19
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LanCL proteins are not Involved in Lanthionine Synthesis in Mammals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40980. [PMID: 28106097 PMCID: PMC5247676 DOI: 10.1038/srep40980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
LanC-like (LanCL) proteins are mammalian homologs of bacterial LanC enzymes, which catalyze the addition of the thiol of Cys to dehydrated Ser residues during the biosynthesis of lanthipeptides, a class of natural products formed by post-translational modification of precursor peptides. The functions of LanCL proteins are currently unclear. A recent proposal suggested that LanCL1 catalyzes the addition of the Cys of glutathione to protein- or peptide-bound dehydroalanine (Dha) to form lanthionine, analogous to the reaction catalyzed by LanC in bacteria. Lanthionine has been detected in human brain as the downstream metabolite lanthionine ketimine (LK), which has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. In this study, we tested the proposal that LanCL1 is involved in lanthionine biosynthesis by constructing LanCL1 knock-out mice and measuring LK concentrations in their brains using a mass spectrometric detection method developed for this purpose. To investigate whether other LanCL proteins (LanCL2/3) may confer a compensatory effect, triple knock-out (TKO) mice were also generated and tested. Very similar concentrations of LK (0.5–2.5 nmol/g tissue) were found in LanCL1 knock-out, TKO and wild type (WT) mouse brains, suggesting that LanCL proteins are not involved in lanthionine biosynthesis.
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The Sulfur Metabolite Lanthionine: Evidence for a Role as a Novel Uremic Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9010026. [PMID: 28075397 PMCID: PMC5308258 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, composed of two alanine residues that are crosslinked on their β-carbon atoms by a thioether linkage. It is biosynthesized from the condensation of two cysteine molecules, while the related compound homolanthionine is formed from the condensation of two homocysteine molecules. The reactions can be carried out by either cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) or cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) independently, in the alternate reactions of the transsulfuration pathway devoted to hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis. Low plasma total hydrogen sulfide levels, probably due to reduced CSE expression, are present in uremia, while homolanthionine and lanthionine accumulate in blood, the latter several fold. Uremic patients display a derangement of sulfur amino acid metabolism with a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Uremia is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality, the causes of which are still not completely explained, but are related to uremic toxicity, due to the accumulation of retention products. Lanthionine inhibits hydrogen sulfide production in hepatoma cells, possibly through CBS inhibition, thus providing some basis for the biochemical mechanism, which may significantly contribute to alterations of metabolism sulfur compounds in these subjects (e.g., high homocysteine and low hydrogen sulfide). We therefore suggest that lanthionine is a novel uremic toxin.
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Patel S. In silico analysis of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) polyprotein domains and their comparison with other pathogens and allergens to gain insight on pathogenicity mechanisms. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 65:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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G-protein coupling and nuclear translocation of the human abscisic acid receptor LANCL2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26658. [PMID: 27222287 PMCID: PMC4879523 DOI: 10.1038/srep26658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a long known phytohormone, has been recently demonstrated to be present also in humans, where it targets cells of the innate immune response, mesenchymal and hemopoietic stem cells and cells involved in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis. LANCL2, a peripheral membrane protein, is the mammalian ABA receptor. We show that N-terminal glycine myristoylation causes LANCL2 localization to the plasmamembrane and to cytoplasmic membrane vesicles, where it interacts with the α subunit of a Gi protein and starts the ABA signaling pathway via activation of adenylate cyclase. Demyristoylation of LANCL2 by chemical or genetic means triggers its nuclear translocation. Nuclear enrichment of native LANCL2 is also induced by ABA treatment. Therefore human LANCL2 is a non-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor susceptible to hormone-induced nuclear translocation.
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23
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Abscisic acid influx into human nucleated cells occurs through the anion exchanger AE2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:99-103. [PMID: 27015766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone conserved from cyanobacteria to higher plants, where it regulates responses to environmental stimuli. ABA also plays a role in mammalian physiology, pointedly in inflammatory responses and in glycemic control. As the animal ABA receptor is on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane, a transporter is required for the hormone's action. Here we demonstrate that ABA transport in human nucleated cells occurs via the anion exchanger AE2. Together with the recent demonstration that ABA influx into human erythrocytes occurs via Band 3, this result identifies the AE family members as the mammalian ABA transporters.
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Vigliarolo T, Guida L, Millo E, Fresia C, Turco E, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Abscisic acid transport in human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13042-52. [PMID: 25847240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in the response to environmental stress. Recently, ABA has been shown to be present and active also in mammals, where it stimulates the functional activity of innate immune cells, of mesenchymal and hemopoietic stem cells, and insulin-releasing pancreatic β-cells. LANCL2, the ABA receptor in mammalian cells, is a peripheral membrane protein that localizes at the intracellular side of the plasma membrane. Here we investigated the mechanism enabling ABA transport across the plasmamembrane of human red blood cells (RBC). Both influx and efflux of [(3)H]ABA occur across intact RBC, as detected by radiometric and chromatographic methods. ABA binds specifically to Band 3 (the RBC anion transporter), as determined by labeling of RBC membranes with biotinylated ABA. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with human purified Band 3 transport [(3)H]ABA and [(35)S]sulfate, and ABA transport is sensitive to the specific Band 3 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. Once inside RBC, ABA stimulates ATP release through the LANCL2-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase. As ATP released from RBC is known to exert a vasodilator response, these results suggest a role for plasma ABA in the regulation of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vigliarolo
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and
| | - Enrico Millo
- the Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy and
| | - Chiara Fresia
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and
| | - Emilia Turco
- the Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Antonio De Flora
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and
| | - Elena Zocchi
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and
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Hensley K, Denton TT. Alternative functions of the brain transsulfuration pathway represent an underappreciated aspect of brain redox biochemistry with significant potential for therapeutic engagement. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:123-34. [PMID: 25463282 PMCID: PMC4280296 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scientific appreciation for the subtlety of brain sulfur chemistry has lagged, despite understanding that the brain must maintain high glutathione (GSH) to protect against oxidative stress in tissue that has both a high rate of oxidative respiration and a high content of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acids. In fact, the brain was long thought to lack a complete transsulfuration pathway (TSP) for cysteine synthesis. It is now clear that not only does the brain possess a functional TSP, but brain TSP enzymes catalyze a rich array of alternative reactions that generate novel species including the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the atypical amino acid lanthionine (Lan). Moreover, TSP intermediates can be converted to unusual cyclic ketimines via transamination. Cell-penetrating derivatives of one such compound, lanthionine ketimine (LK), have potent antioxidant, neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and antineuroinflammatory actions and mitigate diverse neurodegenerative conditions in preclinical rodent models. This review will explore the source and function of alternative TSP products, and lanthionine-derived metabolites in particular. The known biological origins of lanthionine and its ketimine metabolite will be described in detail and placed in context with recent discoveries of a GSH- and LK-binding brain protein called LanCL1 that is proving essential for neuronal antioxidant defense; and a related LanCL2 homolog now implicated in immune sensing and cell fate determinations. The review will explore possible endogenous functions of lanthionine metabolites and will discuss the therapeutic potential of lanthionine ketimine derivatives for mitigating diverse neurological conditions including Alzheimer׳s disease, stroke, motor neuron disease, and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99201, USA.
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26
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Developmental and activity-dependent expression of LanCL1 confers antioxidant activity required for neuronal survival. Dev Cell 2014; 30:479-87. [PMID: 25158856 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases with neuronal activity that accompanies synaptic development and function. Transcription-related factors and metabolic enzymes that are expressed in all tissues have been described to counteract neuronal ROS to prevent oxidative damage. Here, we describe the antioxidant gene LanCL1 that is prominently enriched in brain neurons. Its expression is developmentally regulated and induced by neuronal activity, neurotrophic factors implicated in neuronal plasticity and survival, and oxidative stress. Genetic deletion of LanCL1 causes enhanced accumulation of ROS in brain, as well as development-related lipid, protein, and DNA damage; mitochondrial dysfunction; and apoptotic neurodegeneration. LanCL1 transgene protects neurons from ROS. LanCL1 protein purified from eukaryotic cells catalyzes the formation of thioether products similar to glutathione S-transferase. These studies reveal a neuron-specific glutathione defense mechanism that is essential for neuronal function and survival.
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27
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Zeng M, van der Donk WA, Chen J. Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (LanCL2) is a novel regulator of Akt. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3954-61. [PMID: 25273559 PMCID: PMC4244203 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt controls a wide range of biochemical and cellular processes under the modulation of a variety of regulators. In this study, we identify the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) protein as a positive regulator of Akt activation in human liver cells. LanCL2 knockdown dampens serum- and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, whereas LanCL2 overexpression enhances these processes. Neither insulin receptor phosphorylation nor the interaction between insulin receptor substrate and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is affected by LanCL2 knockdown. LanCL2 also does not function through PP2A, a phosphatase of Akt. Instead, LanCL2 directly interacts with Akt, with a preference for inactive Akt. Moreover, we show that LanCL2 also binds to the Akt kinase mTORC2, but not phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. Whereas LanCL2 is not required for the Akt-mTORC2 interaction, recombinant LanCL2 enhances Akt phosphorylation by target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in vitro. Finally, consistent with a function of Akt in regulating cell survival, LanCL2 knockdown increases the rate of apoptosis, which is reversed by the expression of a constitutively active Akt. Taken together, our findings reveal LanCL2 as a novel regulator of Akt and suggest that LanCL2 facilitates optimal phosphorylation of Akt by mTORC2 via direct physical interactions with both the kinase and the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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28
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Lu P, Hontecillas R, Horne WT, Carbo A, Viladomiu M, Pedragosa M, Bevan DR, Lewis SN, Bassaganya-Riera J. Computational modeling-based discovery of novel classes of anti-inflammatory drugs that target lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34643. [PMID: 22509338 PMCID: PMC3324509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) is a member of the eukaryotic lanthionine synthetase component C-Like protein family involved in signal transduction and insulin sensitization. Recently, LANCL2 is a target for the binding and signaling of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Methodology/Principal Findings The goal of this study was to determine the role of LANCL2 as a potential therapeutic target for developing novel drugs and nutraceuticals against inflammatory diseases. Previously, we performed homology modeling to construct a three-dimensional structure of LANCL2 using the crystal structure of lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 1 (LANCL1) as a template. Using this model, structure-based virtual screening was performed using compounds from NCI (National Cancer Institute) Diversity Set II, ChemBridge, ZINC natural products, and FDA-approved drugs databases. Several potential ligands were identified using molecular docking. In order to validate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the top ranked compound (NSC61610) in the NCI Diversity Set II, a series of in vitro and pre-clinical efficacy studies were performed using a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Our findings showed that the lead compound, NSC61610, activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in a LANCL2- and adenylate cyclase/cAMP dependent manner in vitro and ameliorated experimental colitis by down-modulating colonic inflammatory gene expression and favoring regulatory T cell responses. Conclusions/Significance LANCL2 is a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. High-throughput, structure-based virtual screening is an effective computational-based drug design method for discovering anti-inflammatory LANCL2-based drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Lu
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PL); (JBR)
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - William T. Horne
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Adria Carbo
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Monica Viladomiu
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mireia Pedragosa
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David R. Bevan
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Lewis
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PL); (JBR)
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29
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Sturla L, Fresia C, Guida L, Grozio A, Vigliarolo T, Mannino E, Millo E, Bagnasco L, Bruzzone S, De Flora A, Zocchi E. Binding of abscisic acid to human LANCL2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 415:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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30
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Lu P, Bevan DR, Lewis SN, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J. Molecular modeling of lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2: a potential target for the discovery of novel type 2 diabetes prophylactics and therapeutics. J Mol Model 2011; 17:543-53. [PMID: 20512604 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rising to epidemic proportions in the US and worldwide. While current T2D medications are efficacious, significant side effects have limited their use and availability. Our laboratory has discovered that abscisic acid (ABA) exerts anti-diabetic effects, in part, by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ). However, since ABA does not bind to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPAR γ, the mechanism of activation of PPAR γ by ABA remains unknown. Lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) was predicted to be a novel target for the binding and signaling of ABA in human granulocytes and rat insulinoma cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether LANCL2 is a molecular target of ABA and other PPAR γ agonists. To this end we performed homology modeling to construct a three-dimensional structure of LANCL2 using the crystal structure of LANCL1 as a template. Our molecular docking studies predicted that ABA and other PPAR γ agonists (e.g., rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) share a binding site on the surface of LANCL2. The identification of a binding site for PPAR γ agonists will facilitate the high-throughput virtual screening of large compound libraries and may shed new light on alternative mechanisms of PPAR γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Lu
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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31
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Bassaganya-Riera J, Guri AJ, Lu P, Climent M, Carbo A, Sobral BW, Horne WT, Lewis SN, Bevan DR, Hontecillas R. Abscisic acid regulates inflammation via ligand-binding domain-independent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:2504-16. [PMID: 21088297 PMCID: PMC3024745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.160077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) has shown efficacy in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation; however, its molecular targets and the mechanisms of action underlying its immunomodulatory effects remain unclear. This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) as molecular targets for ABA. We demonstrate that ABA increases PPAR γ reporter activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and increases ppar γ expression in vivo, although it does not bind to the ligand-binding domain of PPAR γ. LANCL2 knockdown studies provide evidence that ABA-mediated activation of macrophage PPAR γ is dependent on lancl2 expression. Consistent with the association of LANCL2 with G proteins, we provide evidence that ABA increases cAMP accumulation in immune cells. ABA suppresses LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) and MCP-1 production via a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism possibly involving activation of PPAR γ and suppression of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells. LPS challenge studies in PPAR γ-expressing and immune cell-specific PPAR γ null mice demonstrate that ABA down-regulates toll-like receptor 4 expression in macrophages and T cells in vivo through a PPAR γ-dependent mechanism. Global transcriptomic profiling and confirmatory quantitative RT-PCR suggest novel candidate targets and demonstrate that ABA treatment mitigates the effect of LPS on the expression of genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cell signaling, in part, through PPAR γ. In conclusion, ABA decreases LPS-mediated inflammation and regulates innate immune responses through a bifurcating pathway involving LANCL2 and an alternative, ligand-binding domain-independent mechanism of PPAR γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Amir J. Guri
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Pinyi Lu
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Montse Climent
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Adria Carbo
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Bruno W. Sobral
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - William T. Horne
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
| | - Stephanie N. Lewis
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- From the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Group, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and
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32
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De Conto F, Covan S, Arcangeletti MC, Orlandini G, Gatti R, Dettori G, Chezzi C. Differential infectious entry of human influenza A/NWS/33 virus (H1N1) in mammalian kidney cells. Virus Res 2010; 155:221-30. [PMID: 20951747 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this report we focused our interest on the early events of the replication cycle of NWS/33 human influenza A (NWS) virus in MDCK (canine), LLC-MK2 (simian), and NSK (swine) kidney cells, with different susceptibility upon infection. We have previously demonstrated that actin organization induces restriction to viral replication during the early stages of NWS virus infection in simian kidney cells. To explore how cell endocytic mechanisms are hijacked by NWS virus and may modulate the outcome of viral infection, the effect of drugs affecting selectively the entry via clathrin-coated pits, caveolar/raft-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis was analyzed. Results point to critical differences in terms of internalization pathways exploited by NWS virus to enter the examined cell models. Moreover, we show that some ways of entry do not allow an effective virus internalization, depending on the cell type. Understanding how specific cell functions/components may regulate early phases of viral replication allows us to deepen our knowledge on influenza virus infection and provides new insights for anti-viral researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora De Conto
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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33
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Sturla L, Fresia C, Guida L, Bruzzone S, Scarfì S, Usai C, Fruscione F, Magnone M, Millo E, Basile G, Grozio A, Jacchetti E, Allegretti M, De Flora A, Zocchi E. LANCL2 is necessary for abscisic acid binding and signaling in human granulocytes and in rat insulinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28045-28057. [PMID: 19667068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.035329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone regulating fundamental physiological functions in plants, such as response to abiotic stress. Recently, ABA was shown to be produced and released by human granulocytes, by insulin-producing rat insulinoma cells, and by human and murine pancreatic beta cells. ABA autocrinally stimulates the functional activities specific for each cell type through a receptor-operated signal transduction pathway, sequentially involving a pertussis toxin-sensitive receptor/G-protein complex, cAMP, CD38-produced cADP-ribose and intracellular calcium. Here we show that the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein LANCL2 is required for ABA binding on the membrane of human granulocytes and that LANCL2 is necessary for transduction of the ABA signal into the cell-specific functional responses in granulocytes and in rat insulinoma cells. Co-expression of LANCL2 and CD38 in the human HeLa cell line reproduces the ABA-signaling pathway. Results obtained with granulocytes and CD38(+)/LANCL2(+) HeLa transfected with a chimeric G-protein (G alpha(q/i)) suggest that the pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled to LANCL2 is a G(i). Identification of LANCL2 as a critical component of the ABA-sensing protein complex will enable the screening of synthetic ABA antagonists as prospective new anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132; Advanced Biotechnology Center, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova 16132
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, Genova 16149
| | | | - Mirko Magnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Giovanna Basile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Alessia Grozio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, Genova 16149
| | | | - Antonio De Flora
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132.
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, Genova 16132; Advanced Biotechnology Center, Largo R. Benzi 10, Genova 16132.
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Zhang W, Wang L, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu G, Cang H, Li X, Bartlam M, Hensley K, Li G, Rao Z, Zhang XC. Structure of human lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 and its interaction with Eps8 and glutathione. Genes Dev 2009; 23:1387-92. [PMID: 19528316 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1789209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1) is homologous to prokaryotic lanthionine cyclases, yet its biochemical functions remain elusive. We report the crystal structures of human LanCL1, both free of and complexed with glutathione, revealing glutathione binding to a zinc ion at the putative active site formed by conserved GxxG motifs. We also demonstrate by in vitro affinity analysis that LanCL1 binds specifically to the SH3 domain of a signaling protein, Eps8. Importantly, expression of LanCL1 mutants defective in Eps8 interaction inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth, providing evidence for the biological significance of this novel interaction in cellular signaling and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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35
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Chen JG, Ellis BE. GCR2 is a new member of the eukaryotic lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein family. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:307-10. [PMID: 19841654 PMCID: PMC2634266 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.5.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GCR2 was recently proposed to represent a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). We and others provided evidence that GCR2 is unlikely to be a bona fide GPCR because it is not clearly predicted to contain seven transmembrane domains, a structural hallmark for classical GPCRs. Instead, GCR2 shows significant sequence similarity to homologs of bacterial lanthionine synthetase component C (LanC). Here, we provide additional analysis of GCR2 and LanC-like (LANCL) proteins in plants, and propose that GCR2 is a new member of the eukaryotic LANCL protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gui Chen
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian E Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, Canada
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36
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Gao Y, Zeng Q, Guo J, Cheng J, Ellis BE, Chen JG. Genetic characterization reveals no role for the reported ABA receptor, GCR2, in ABA control of seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 52:1001-13. [PMID: 17894782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is perceived by several different types of receptors in plant cells. At the cell surface, the ABA signal is proposed to be perceived by GCR2, which mediates ABA responses in seed germination, early seedling development and stomatal movement. GCR2 was also proposed to be a seven-transmembrane (7TM) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Here we characterize GCR2 and one of its two homologs, GCR2-LIKE 1 (GCL1), in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling development in Arabidopsis. We show that loss-of-function mutations in GCL1 did not confer ABA insensitivity. Similarly, we did not observe ABA insensitivity in three independent gcr2 alleles. Furthermore, we generated gcr2 gcl1 double mutants and found that the double mutants still had near wild-type responses to ABA. Consistent with this, we found that the transcription of ABA marker genes was induced by ABA to levels that were comparable in wild type and gcr2 and gcl1 single and double mutants. On the other hand, the loss-of-function alleles of the sole Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, GPA1, were hypersensitive to ABA in the ABA-inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development, disfavoring a genetic coupling of GCR2 by GPA1. Using multiple robust transmembrane prediction systems, GCR2 was predicted not to be a 7TM protein, a structural hallmark of GPCRs. Taken together, our results do not support the notion that GCR2 is an ABA-signaling GPCR in seed germination and early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Gao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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37
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Johnston CA, Temple BR, Chen JG, Gao Y, Moriyama EN, Jones AM, Siderovski DP, Willard FS. Comment on "A G Protein Coupled Receptor Is a Plasma Membrane Receptor for the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid". Science 2007; 318:914; author reply 914. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Liu X, Yue Y, Li W, Ma L. Response to Comment on "A G Protein–Coupled Receptor Is a Plasma Membrane Receptor for the Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid". Science 2007. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xigang Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, China
| | - Yanling Yue
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, China
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