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Guo Q, Wu Z, Wang K, Shi J, Wei M, Lu B, Huang Z, Ji L. Forsythiaside-A improved bile-duct-ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice: The involvement of alleviating mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis in hepatocytes via activating Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:27-40. [PMID: 38815774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a key and reversible stage in the progression of many chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Forsythiaside-A (FTA), a main compound isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, has an excellent liver protective activity. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of FTA in improving cholestatic liver fibrosis. Bile-duct-ligation (BDL) was conducted to induce liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatic collagen deposition was evaluated by Masson and Sirus red staining. The bile acid spectrum in the liver and serum was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Liver oxidative stress injury and mitochondria damage were observed by using Mito-Tracker Red fluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, etc. The level of ferrous iron (Fe2+) and the expression of ferroptosis-associated molecules were detected. The binding between FTA and its target protein was confirmed by Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Our results demonstrated that FTA alleviated BDL-induced liver fibrosis in mice. FTA did not decrease the elevated amount of bile acids in BDL-treated mice, but reduced the bile acid-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hepatocytes, and also induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation. In Nrf2 knock-out mice, the FTA-provided protection against BDL-induced liver fibrosis was disappeared, and FTA's inhibition on mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and ferroptosis were lowered. Further results displayed that FTA could directly bind to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), thereby activating Nrf2. Moreover, the BDL-induced liver fibrosis was markedly weakened in liver-specific Keap1 knockout mice. Hence, this study suggests that FTA alleviated the BDL-induced liver fibrosis through attenuating mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis in hepatocytes by activating Nrf2 via directly binding to Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zeqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Keke Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jionghua Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Kovacevic B, Ionescu CM, Jones M, Wagle SR, Foster T, Lewkowicz M, Wong EY, Ðanić M, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Novel polysaccharides-bile acid-cyclodextrin gel systems and effects on cellular viability and bioenergetic parameters. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:119-134. [PMID: 38180012 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The novel hydrogel systems made from sodium alginate, pectin, beta-cyclodextrin and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were proposed as potential drug-delivery matrices. Materials & methods: To ensure biocompatibility, rheological parameters were examined and hydrogels' effects on bioenergetic parameters and cellular viability on murine hepatic, and muscle and pancreatic beta cells. Results & conclusion: All hydrogels show non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior. Cells displayed various oxygen-dependent viability patterns, with the bile acid overall adversely affecting their biological activities. All cells performed best under normoxia, with pancreatic beta cells displaying the most profound oxygen-dependent viability behavior. The cells tolerated the addition of a moderate concentration of beta-cyclodextrin to the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Michael Lewkowicz
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elaine Ym Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maja Ðanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology & Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Zhang XY, Xu JD, Wang Y, Wu CY, Zhou J, Shen H, Zou YT, Zhu JH, Zhou SS, Li SL, Xu J, Long F. Comparing steamed and wine-stewed Rehmanniae Radix in terms of Yin-nourishing effects via metabolomics and microbiome analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116424. [PMID: 37003400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), the processed root of Rehmannia glutinosa, has been widely used to treat Yin deficiency syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. RRP is available in two forms: processed by steaming with water (SRR) or processed by stewing with yellow rice wine (WRR). Previous work has documented chemical differences in the secondary metabolomes and glycomes of SRR and WRR. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to compare SRR and WRR in terms of Yin-nourishing effects via metabolomics and microbiome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICR mice were orally administered with thyroxine for 14 d to induce Yin deficiency. Changes in biochemical indices and histopathology were detected. Serum metabolomics analysis and microbial 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to compare the therapeutic effects and mechanisms between SRR and WRR in treating thyroxine-induced Yin deficiency. RESULTS Both SRR and WRR decreased serum T3, T4 and MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. SRR more effectively decreased serum Cr, and ameliorated kidney injury, while WRR showed better regulation on ratio of cAMP/cGMP and serum TSH, and relieved thyroid injury. Both SRR and WRR regulated tyrosine, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid metabolism and the citric acid cycle. Additionally, SRR regulated fatty acid metabolism, while WRR influenced alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. SRR significantly enriched the genera Staphylococcus and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome, while WRR significantly enriched the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS SRR displayed better protective effects on kidney, while WRR showed stronger effects on thyroid in thyroxine-induced Yin deficient mice. These differences might be due to different regulating effects of SRR and WRR on the metabolome and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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Samartsev VN, Khoroshavina EI, Pavlova EK, Dubinin MV, Semenova AA. Bile Acids as Inducers of Protonophore and Ionophore Permeability of Biological and Artificial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050472. [PMID: 37233533 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that the role of bile acids in the organism is not limited to their participation in the process of food digestion. Indeed, bile acids are signaling molecules and being amphiphilic compounds, are also capable of modifying the properties of cell membranes and their organelles. This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the interaction of bile acids with biological and artificial membranes, in particular, their protonophore and ionophore effects. The effects of bile acids were analyzed depending on their physicochemical properties: namely the structure of their molecules, indicators of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, and the critical micelle concentration. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of bile acids with the powerhouse of cells, the mitochondria. It is of note that bile acids, in addition to their protonophore and ionophore actions, can also induce Ca2+-dependent nonspecific permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We consider the unique action of ursodeoxycholic acid as an inducer of potassium conductivity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. We also discuss a possible relationship between this K+ ionophore action of ursodeoxycholic acid and its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Samartsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Khoroshavina
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Evgeniya K Pavlova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Alena A Semenova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
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Zhao Q, Dai MY, Huang RY, Duan JY, Zhang T, Bao WM, Zhang JY, Gui SQ, Xia SM, Dai CT, Tang YM, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates hepatic fibrosis potentially via modulating intestinal bile acid metabolism and hepatocyte pyroptosis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1829. [PMID: 37005411 PMCID: PMC10067939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) plays an important role in human health, including diabetes, colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we show that P. distasonis is decreased in patients with hepatic fibrosis, and that administration of P. distasonis to male mice improves thioacetamide (TAA)- and methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced hepatic fibrosis. Administration of P. distasonis also leads to increased bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, inhibition of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and decreased taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) levels in liver. TCDCA produces toxicity in mouse primary hepatic cells (HSCs) and induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and Caspase-11 pyroptosis in mice. The decrease of TCDCA by P. distasonis improves activation of HSCs through decreasing MPT-Caspase-11 pyroptosis in hepatocytes. Celastrol, a compound reported to increase P. distasonis abundance in mice, promotes the growth of P. distasonis with concomitant enhancement of bile acid excretion and improvement of hepatic fibrosis in male mice. These data suggest that supplementation of P. distasonis may be a promising means to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Man-Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Huang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing-Yi Duan
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Gui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Shu-Min Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Cong-Ting Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Role of Hepatocyte Transporters in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI)-In Vitro Testing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010029. [PMID: 36678658 PMCID: PMC9866820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids and bile salts (BA/BS) are substrates of both influx and efflux transporters on hepatocytes. Canalicular efflux transporters, such as BSEP and MRP2, are crucial for the removal of BA/BS to the bile. Basolateral influx transporters, such as NTCP, OATP1B1/1B3, and OSTα/β, cooperate with canalicular transporters in the transcellular vectorial flux of BA/BS from the sinusoids to the bile. The blockage of canalicular transporters not only impairs the bile flow but also causes the intracellular accumulation of BA/BS in hepatocytes that contributes to, or even triggers, liver injury. In the case of BA/BS overload, the efflux of these toxic substances back to the blood via MRP3, MRP4, and OST α/β is considered a relief function. FXR, a key regulator of defense against BA/BS toxicity suppresses de novo bile acid synthesis and bile acid uptake, and promotes bile acid removal via increased efflux. In drug development, the early testing of the inhibition of these transporters, BSEP in particular, is important to flag compounds that could potentially inflict drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In vitro test systems for efflux transporters employ membrane vesicles, whereas those for influx transporters employ whole cells. Additional in vitro pharmaceutical testing panels usually include cellular toxicity tests using hepatocytes, as well as assessments of the mitochondrial toxicity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Primary hepatocytes are the cells of choice for toxicity testing, with HepaRG cells emerging as an alternative. Inhibition of the FXR function is also included in some testing panels. The molecular weight and hydrophobicity of the drug, as well as the steady-state total plasma levels, may positively correlate with the DILI potential. Depending on the phase of drug development, the physicochemical properties, dosing, and cut-off values of BSEP IC50 ≤ 25-50 µM or total Css,plasma/BSEP IC50 ≥ 0.1 may be an indication for further testing to minimize the risk of DILI liability.
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Zhao Q, Wu ZE, Li B, Li F. Recent advances in metabolism and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Haan LR, Reiniers MJ, Reeskamp LF, Belkouz A, Ao L, Cheng S, Ding B, van Golen RF, Heger M. Experimental Conditions That Influence the Utility of 2′7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH2-DA) as a Fluorogenic Biosensor for Mitochondrial Redox Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081424. [PMID: 35892626 PMCID: PMC9329753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been causally linked to various diseases. Electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors such as rotenone and antimycin A are frequently used in model systems to study oxidative stress. Oxidative stress that is provoked by ETC inhibitors can be visualized using the fluorogenic probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH2-DA). Non-fluorescent DCFH2-DA crosses the plasma membrane, is deacetylated to 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2) by esterases, and is oxidized to its fluorescent form 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by intracellular ROS. DCF fluorescence can, therefore, be used as a semi-quantitative measure of general oxidative stress. However, the use of DCFH2-DA is complicated by various protocol-related factors that mediate DCFH2-to-DCF conversion independently of the degree of oxidative stress. This study therefore analyzed the influence of ancillary factors on DCF formation in the context of ETC inhibitors. It was found that ETC inhibitors trigger DCF formation in cell-free experiments when they are co-dissolved with DCFH2-DA. Moreover, the extent of DCF formation depended on the type of culture medium that was used, the pH of the assay system, the presence of fetal calf serum, and the final DCFH2-DA solvent concentration. Conclusively, experiments with DCFH2-DA should not discount the influence of protocol-related factors such as medium and mitochondrial inhibitors (and possibly other compounds) on the DCFH2-DA-DCF reaction and proper controls should always be built into the assay protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R. de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Megan J. Reiniers
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, 2262 BA The Hague, The Netherlands
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens F. Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ali Belkouz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lei Ao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Rowan F. van Golen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (L.R.d.H.); (M.J.R.); (L.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +31-6-2448-3083 or +31-30-2533-966
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Gill MW, Murphy BJ, Cheng PP, Sivaraman L, Davis M, Lehman-McKeeman L. Mechanism of hepatobiliary toxicity of the LPA1 antagonist BMS-986020 developed to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Contrasts with BMS-986234 and BMS-986278. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 438:115885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kabiri Y, Fuhrmann A, Becker A, Jedermann L, Eberhagen C, König AC, Silva TB, Borges F, Hauck SM, Michalke B, Knolle P, Zischka H. Mitochondrial Impairment by MitoBloCK-6 Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725474. [PMID: 34616733 PMCID: PMC8488156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a critical multi-isoform protein with its longer isoform, located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, being part of the mitochondrial disulfide relay system (DRS). Upregulation of ALR was observed in multiple forms of cancer, among them hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To shed light into ALR function in HCC, we used MitoBloCK-6 to pharmacologically inhibit ALR, resulting in profound mitochondrial impairment and cancer cell proliferation deficits. These effects were mostly reversed by supplementation with bioavailable hemin b, linking ALR function to mitochondrial iron homeostasis. Since many tumor cells are known for their increased iron demand and since increased iron levels in cancer are associated with poor clinical outcome, these results help to further advance the intricate relation between iron and mitochondrial homeostasis in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaschar Kabiri
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Fuhrmann
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Becker
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Jedermann
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Barros Silva
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Ommati MM, Attari H, Siavashpour A, Shafaghat M, Azarpira N, Ghaffari H, Moezi L, Heidari R. Mitigation of cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury by edaravone treatment: Evaluation of its effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Deng D, Pan C, Wu Z, Sun Y, Liu C, Xiang H, Yin P, Shang D. An Integrated Metabolomic Study of Osteoporosis: Discovery and Quantification of Hyocholic Acids as Candidate Markers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:725341. [PMID: 34421618 PMCID: PMC8378234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.725341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is becoming a highly prevalent disease in a large proportion of the global aged population. Serum metabolite markers may be important for the treatment and early prevention of osteoporosis. Serum samples from 32 osteoporosis and 32 controls were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics and lipidomic approaches performed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) system. To find systemic disturbance of osteoporosis, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and statistical methods were employed for data-mining. Then, an in-depth targeted method was utilized to determine potential markers from the family of key metabolites. As a result, 1,241 metabolites were identified from untargeted methods and WGCNA indicated that lipids metabolism is deregulated and glycerol phospholipids, sphingolipids, fatty acids, and bile acids (BA) are majorly affected. As key metabolites of lipids metabolism, 66 bile acids were scanned and 49 compounds were quantified by a targeted method. Interestingly, hyocholic acids (HCA) were found to play essential roles during the occurrence of osteoporosis and may be potential markers. These metabolites may be new therapeutic or diagnosis targets for the screening or treatment of osteoporosis. Quantified measurement of potential markers also enables the establishment of diagnostic models for the following translational research in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreas, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- iPhenome biotechnology (Yun Pu Kang) Inc, Dalian, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Meng F, Zong W, Wei X, Tao Y, Wang G, Liao Z, Chen M. Dolomiaea souliei ethyl acetate extract protected against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis through regulation of farnesoid x receptor-mediated bile acid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153588. [PMID: 34091148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is characterized by accumulation of bile components in liver and systemic circulation. Restoration of bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid x receptor (FXR) is a promising strategy for the treatment of cholestasis. FXR-SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis plays an important role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. PURPOSE To investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei) and clarify its underlying mechanism against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS ANIT-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were employed to investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of D. souliei ethyl acetate extract (DSE). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as positive control. Bile flow and blood biochemical parameters were measured. Liver histopathological examination was conducted via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the protein levels related to bile acids metabolism and inflammation. The interactions between FXR and costunolide or dehydrocostus lactone, were conducted by molecular docking experiments. The effect of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and FXR expression were also evaluated using guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. RESULTS DSE could promote bile excretions and protect against ANIT-induced liver damage in cholestasis rats. Protein levels of FXR, SHP, Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) were increased and the expressions of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) were decreased by DSE. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also significantly increased, and the pro-inflammatory factor, interleukin-10 (IL-10), was significantly decreased in rats of DSE groups. Molecular docking revealed that costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone could be well docked into the FXR protein molecule, and hydrophobic interactions played the main function. Costunolide could reverse the increased AST and ALT levels and increase the FXR expression in guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. CONCLUSION DSE had an anti-cholestasis effect by activating FXR-SHP axis, inhibiting synthesis of bile acid, and increasing bile secretion, together with inflammatory response and improving liver injury. Costunolide may be the main active component. This study provided a potential therapeutic mechanism for D. souliei as an anti-cholestasis medicine in the treatment of cholestasis liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- FanCheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - XiaoDong Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - YunYi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - GuoWei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - ZhiHua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.
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14
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Ghanbarinejad V, Jamshidzadeh A, Khalvati B, Farshad O, Li H, Shi X, Chen Y, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Apoptosis-inducing factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic and renal injury during cholestasis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1191-1203. [PMID: 33527194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication with different etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced in cholestasis. Renal injury is also a severe clinical complication in cholestatic/cirrhotic patients. Several studies mentioned the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as two mechanistically interrelated events in cholestasis-induced organ injury. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This molecule is involved in a distinct pathway of cell death. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of AIF in the pathophysiology of cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as an animal model of cholestasis. Serum, urine, and tissue samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Tissues' AIF mRNA levels, as well as serum, urine, and tissue activity of AIF, were measured. Moreover, markers of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were assessed in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in liver and kidney AIF mRNA levels, in addition to increased AIF activity in the liver, kidney, serum, and urine, was detected in BDL rats. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were raised in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals, especially at the early stage of the disease. The apoptotic mode of cell death in the liver and kidney was connected to a higher AIF level. These data mention the importance of AIF in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury, especially at the early stage of this disease. Mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) seems to play a pathogenic role in cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. AIF release is directly connected to oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in cholestatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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16
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Pérez A, Rivoira MA, Rodríguez V, Marchionatti A, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Role of mitochondria in the differential action of sodium deoxycholate and ursodeoxycholic acid on rat duodenum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:270-277. [PMID: 32687730 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) inhibits the intestinal Ca2+ absorption and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) stimulates it. The aim of this study was to determine whether NaDOC and UDCA produce differential effects on the redox state of duodenal mitochondria altering the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) functioning, which could lead to perturbations in the mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. Rat intestinal mitochondria were isolated from untreated and treated animals with either NaDOC, UDCA, or both. Krebs cycle enzymes, ETC components, ATP synthase, and mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis markers were determined. NaDOC decreased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and malate dehydrogenase activities affecting the ETC and ATP synthesis. NaDOC also induced oxidative stress and increased the superoxide dismutase activity and impaired the mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality. UDCA increased the activities of ICDH and complex II of ETC. The combination of both bile acids conserved the functional activities of Krebs cycle enzymes, ETC components, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of NaDOC on intestinal Ca2+ absorption is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, which is avoided by UDCA. The stimulatory effect of UDCA alone is associated with amelioration of mitochondrial functioning. This knowledge could improve treatment of diseases that affect the intestinal Ca2+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angélica Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Marchionatti
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Pallagi P, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Maléth J. Intracellular Ca 2+ Signalling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis: Recent Advances and Translational Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114005. [PMID: 32503336 PMCID: PMC7312053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signalling is a major signal transductional pathway in non-excitable cells, responsible for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions. In the secretory epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas, such as acinar and ductal cells, intracellular Ca2+ elevation regulates digestive enzyme secretion in acini or fluid and ion secretion in ductal cells. Although Ca2+ is a uniquely versatile orchestrator of epithelial physiology, unregulated global elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is an early trigger for the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). Regardless of the aetiology, different forms of AP all exhibit sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation as a common hallmark. The release of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores by toxins (such as bile acids or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs)) or increased intrapancreatic pressure activates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via the Orai1 Ca2+ channel, a process known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Intracellular Ca2+ overload can lead to premature activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar cells and impaired fluid and HCO3- secretion in ductal cells. Increased and unbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by sustained Ca2+ elevation further contributes to cell dysfunction, leading to mitochondrial damage and cell death. Translational studies of AP identified several potential target molecules that can be modified to prevent intracellular Ca2+ overload. One of the most promising drugs, a selective inhibitor of the Orai1 channel that has been shown to inhibit extracellular Ca2+ influx and protect cells from injury, is currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we will summarise the recent advances in the field, with a special focus on the translational aspects of the basic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.M.); (Á.V.)
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-(62)-342-877 or +36-70-41-66500
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18
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Fanczal J, Pallagi P, Görög M, Diszházi G, Almássy J, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Csernay-Biró P, Katona X, Tóth E, Molnár R, Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P, Maléth J. TRPM2-mediated extracellular Ca 2+ entry promotes acinar cell necrosis in biliary acute pancreatitis. J Physiol 2020; 598:1253-1270. [PMID: 31917868 DOI: 10.1113/jp279047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Acute biliary pancreatitis is a significant clinical challenge as currently no specific pharmaceutical treatment exists. Intracellular Ca2+ overload, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial damage and intra-acinar digestive enzyme activation caused by bile acids are hallmarks of acute biliary pancreatitis. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-selective cation channel that has recently emerged as an important contributor to oxidative-stress-induced cellular Ca2+ overload across different diseases. We demonstrated that TRPM2 is expressed in the plasma membrane of mouse pancreatic acinar and ductal cells, which can be activated by increased oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 treatment and contributed to bile acid-induced extracellular Ca2+ influx in acinar cells, which promoted acinar cell necrosis in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the inhibition of TRPM2 may be a potential treatment option for biliary pancreatitis. ABSTRACT Acute biliary pancreatitis poses a significant clinical challenge as currently no specific pharmaceutical treatment exists. Disturbed intracellular Ca2+ signalling caused by bile acids is a hallmark of the disease, which induces increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial damage, intra-acinar digestive enzyme activation and cell death. Because of this mechanism of action, prevention of toxic cellular Ca2+ overload is a promising therapeutic target. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a non-selective cation channel that has recently emerged as an important contributor to oxidative-stress-induced cellular Ca2+ overload across different diseases. However, the expression and possible functions of TRPM2 in the exocrine pancreas remain unknown. Here we found that TRPM2 is expressed in the plasma membrane of mouse pancreatic acinar and ductal cells, which can be activated by increased oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 treatment. TRPM2 activity was found to contribute to bile acid-induced extracellular Ca2+ influx in acinar cells, but did not have the same effect in ductal cells. The generation of intracellular ROS in response to bile acids was remarkably higher in pancreatic acinar cells compared to isolated ducts, which can explain the difference between acinar and ductal cells. This activity promoted acinar cell necrosis in vitro independently from mitochondrial damage or mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, bile-acid-induced experimental pancreatitis was less severe in TRPM2 knockout mice, whereas the lack of TRPM2 had no protective effect in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Our results suggest that the inhibition of TRPM2 may be a potential treatment option for biliary pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Fanczal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marietta Görög
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Diszházi
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Csernay-Biró
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xénia Katona
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Molnár
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- HAS-USZ Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Public Health, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Longo DM, Woodhead JL, Walker P, Herédi-Szabó K, Mogyorósi K, Wolenski FS, Dragan YP, Mosedale M, Siler SQ, Watkins PB, Howell BA. Quantitative Systems Toxicology Analysis of In Vitro Mechanistic Assays Reveals Importance of Bile Acid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in TAK-875-Induced Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:458-467. [PMID: 30289550 PMCID: PMC6358270 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TAK-875 (fasiglifam), a GPR40 agonist in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), was voluntarily terminated in Phase III trials due to adverse liver effects. The potential mechanisms of TAK-875 toxicity were explored by combining in vitro experiments with quantitative systems toxicology (QST) using DILIsym, a mathematical representation of drug-induced liver injury. In vitro assays revealed that bile acid transporters were inhibited by both TAK-875 and its metabolite, TAK-875-Glu. Experimental data indicated that human bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition by TAK-875 was mixed whereas sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) inhibition by TAK-875 was competitive. Furthermore, experimental data demonstrated that both TAK-875 and TAK-875-Glu inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes. These mechanistic data were combined with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model constructed within DILIsym to estimate liver exposure of TAK-875 and TAK-875-Glu. In a simulated population (SimPops) constructed to reflect T2D patients, 16/245 (6.5%) simulated individuals developed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations, an incidence similar to that observed with 200 mg daily dosing in clinical trials. Determining the mode of bile acid transporter inhibition (Ki) was critical to accurate predictions. In addition, simulations conducted on a sensitive subset of individuals (SimCohorts) revealed that when either BSEP or ETC inhibition was inactive, ALT elevations were not predicted to occur, suggesting that the two mechanisms operate synergistically to produce the observed clinical response. These results demonstrate how utilizing QST methods to interpret in vitro experimental results can lead to an improved understanding of the clinically relevant mechanisms underlying drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Longo
- DILIsym Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis S Wolenski
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yvonne P Dragan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Merrie Mosedale
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Scott Q Siler
- DILIsym Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Paul B Watkins
- DILIsym Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.,UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Brett A Howell
- DILIsym Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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20
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Metabolic profiling deciphering the potential targets of Yi-Gan San against vascular dementia in rat. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Generaux G, Lakhani VV, Yang Y, Nadanaciva S, Qiu L, Riccardi K, Di L, Howell BA, Siler SQ, Watkins PB, Barton HA, Aleo MD, Shoda LKM. Quantitative systems toxicology (QST) reproduces species differences in PF-04895162 liver safety due to combined mitochondrial and bile acid toxicity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00523. [PMID: 31624633 PMCID: PMC6785660 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds that appear promising in preclinical species, fail in human clinical trials due to safety concerns. The FDA has strongly encouraged the application of modeling in drug development to improve product safety. This study illustrates how DILIsym, a computational representation of liver injury, was able to reproduce species differences in liver toxicity due to PF-04895162 (ICA-105665). PF-04895162, a drug in development for the treatment of epilepsy, was terminated after transaminase elevations were observed in healthy volunteers (NCT01691274). Liver safety concerns had not been raised in preclinical safety studies. DILIsym, which integrates in vitro data on mechanisms of hepatotoxicity with predicted in vivo liver exposure, reproduced clinical hepatotoxicity and the absence of hepatotoxicity observed in the rat. Simulated differences were multifactorial. Simulated liver exposure was greater in humans than rats. The simulated human hepatotoxicity was demonstrated to be due to the interaction between mitochondrial toxicity and bile acid transporter inhibition; elimination of either mechanism from the simulations abrogated injury. The bile acid contribution occurred despite the fact that the IC50 for bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition by PF-04895162 was higher (311 µmol/L) than that has been generally thought to contribute to hepatotoxicity. Modeling even higher PF-04895162 liver exposures than were measured in the rat safety studies aggravated mitochondrial toxicity but did not result in rat hepatotoxicity due to insufficient accumulation of cytotoxic bile acid species. This investigative study highlights the potential for combined in vitro and computational screening methods to identify latent hepatotoxic risks and paves the way for similar and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Generaux
- DILIsym Services Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | | | - Yuching Yang
- DILIsym Services Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
- Present address:
Division of PharmacometricsOffice of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchFood and Drug Administration Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Sashi Nadanaciva
- Compound Safety PredictionWorldwide Medicinal ChemistryPfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticut
| | - Luping Qiu
- Investigative ToxicologyDrug Safety Research and DevelopmentPfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticut
| | - Keith Riccardi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and MetabolismMedicinal SciencesPfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticut
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and MetabolismMedicinal SciencesPfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticut
| | | | - Scott Q. Siler
- DILIsym Services Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Paul B. Watkins
- UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- UNC Institute for Drug Safety SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Hugh A. Barton
- Translational Modeling and SimulationBiomedicine DesignPfizer, Inc.GrotonConnecticut
| | - Michael D. Aleo
- Investigative ToxicologyDrug Safety Research and DevelopmentPfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticut
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22
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Ommati MM, Farshad O, Niknahad H, Arabnezhad MR, Azarpira N, Mohammadi HR, Haghnegahdar M, Mousavi K, Akrami S, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R. Cholestasis-associated reproductive toxicity in male and female rats: The fundamental role of mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Penman SL, Sharma P, Aerts H, Park BK, Weaver RJ, Chadwick AE. Differential toxic effects of bile acid mixtures in isolated mitochondria and physiologically relevant HepaRG cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104595. [PMID: 31288073 PMCID: PMC6853172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are recognised as the causative agents of toxicity in drug-induced cholestasis (DIC). Research in isolated mitochondria and HepG2 cells have demonstrated BA-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction as a key mechanism of toxicity in DIC. However, HepG2 cells are of limited suitability for DIC studies as they do not express the necessary physiological characteristics. In this study, the mitotoxic potentials of BA mixtures were assessed in isolated mitochondria and a better-suited hepatic model, HepaRG cells. BAs induced structural alterations and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in isolated mitochondria however, this toxicity did not translate to HepaRG cells. There were no changes in oxygen consumption rate, MMP or ATP levels in glucose and galactose media, indicating that there was no direct mitochondrial toxicity mediated via electron transport chain dysfunction in HepaRG cells. Assessment of key biliary transporters revealed that there was a time-dependent reduction in the expression and activity of multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), which was consistent with the induction of cytotoxicity in HepaRG cells. Overall, the findings from this study have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is not a mechanism of BA-induced toxicity in HepaRG cells. HepaRG cells are a better suited in vitro model for cholestatic studies than HepG2 cell. Bile acids cause mitochondrial toxicity in isolated mitochondria but not in HepaRG cells. Time-dependent alterations in biliary transporters are consistent with the cytotoxicity of bile acid mixtures. There are important mechanistic differences when bile acids interact at the organelle level versus the whole cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Penman
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Parveen Sharma
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Hélène Aerts
- Biologie Servier, 905 Rue de Saran, 45520 Gidy, France
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Richard J Weaver
- Institute de Recherches Internationales Servier, Biopharmacy, rue Carnot, 92284 Suresnes, France
| | - Amy E Chadwick
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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24
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Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8492. [PMID: 31186476 PMCID: PMC6560178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key for cellular metabolism and signalling processes during viral infection. We report a methodology to analyse mitochondrial properties at the single-organelle level during viral infection using a recombinant adenovirus coding for a mitochondrial tracer protein for tagging and detection by multispectral flow cytometry. Resolution at the level of tagged individual mitochondria revealed changes in mitochondrial size, membrane potential and displayed a fragile phenotype during viral infection of cells. Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies.
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25
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Aleo MD, Aubrecht J, D Bonin P, Burt DA, Colangelo J, Luo L, Schomaker S, Swiss R, Kirby S, C Rigdon G, Dua P. Phase I study of PF‐04895162, a Kv7 channel opener, reveals unexpected hepatotoxicity in healthy subjects, but not rats or monkeys: clinical evidence of disrupted bile acid homeostasis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00467. [PMID: 30784208 PMCID: PMC6370995 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During a randomized Phase 1 clinical trial the drug candidate, PF‐04895162 (ICA‐105665), caused transaminase elevations (≥grade 1) in six of eight healthy subjects treated at 300 mg twice daily for 2‐weeks (NCT01691274). This was unexpected since studies in rats (<6 months) and cynomolgus monkeys (<9 months) treated up to 100 mg/kg/day did not identify the liver as a target organ. Mechanistic studies showed PF‐04895162 had low cytotoxic potential in human hepatocytes, but inhibited liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export protein (BSEP) transport. Clinical relevance of these postulated mechanisms of liver injury was explored in three treated subjects that consented to analysis of residual pharmacokinetic plasma samples. Compared to a nonresponder, two subjects with transaminase elevations displayed higher levels of miRNA122 and total/conjugated bile acid species, whereas one demonstrated impaired postprandial clearance of systemic bile acids. Elevated taurine and glycine conjugated to unconjugated bile acid ratios were observed in two subjects, one before the onset of elevated transaminases. Based on the affinity of conjugated bile acid species for transport by BSEP, the profile of plasma conjugated/unconjugated bile acid species was consistent with inhibition of BSEP. These data collectively suggest that the human liver injury by PF‐04895162 was due to alterations in bile acid handling driven by dual BSEP/mitochondrial inhibition, two important risk factors associated with drug‐induced liver injury in humans. Alterations in systemic bile acid composition were more important than total bile acids in the manifestation of clinical liver injury and may be a very early biomarker of BSEP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Aleo
- Investigative Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Safety Biomarkers, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Paul D Bonin
- Medicine Design, Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Deborah A Burt
- Safety Biomarkers, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Colangelo
- Safety Biomarkers, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Lina Luo
- Safety Biomarkers, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Safety Biomarkers, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Rachel Swiss
- Compound Safety Prediction, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Simon Kirby
- Global Biometrics and Data Management, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, UK
| | - Greg C Rigdon
- Neusentis Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pinky Dua
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, UK
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26
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Gijbels E, Vilas-Boas V, Deferm N, Devisscher L, Jaeschke H, Annaert P, Vinken M. Mechanisms and in vitro models of drug-induced cholestasis. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1169-1186. [PMID: 30972450 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis underlies one of the major manifestations of drug-induced liver injury. Drug-induced cholestatic liver toxicity is a complex process, as it can be triggered by a variety of factors that induce 2 types of biological responses, namely a deteriorative response, caused by bile acid accumulation, and an adaptive response, aimed at removing the accumulated bile acids. Several key events in both types of responses have been characterized in the past few years. In parallel, many efforts have focused on the development and further optimization of experimental cell culture models to predict the occurrence of drug-induced cholestatic liver toxicity in vivo. In this paper, a state-of-the-art overview of mechanisms and in vitro models of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gijbels
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Neel Deferm
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N2, Herestraat 49, Bus 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N2, Herestraat 49, Bus 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Li X, Chen C, Dai Y, Huang C, Han Q, Jing L, Ma Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Sun X, Yao X. Cinobufagin suppresses colorectal cancer angiogenesis by disrupting the endothelial mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α axis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1724-1734. [PMID: 30839155 PMCID: PMC6501006 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancers that sustains tumor growth and metastasis. Neovascularization is a surprisingly early event during the multistage progression of cancer. Cinobufagin, an important bufadienolide originating from Chan Su, has been clinically used to treat cancer in China since the Tang dynasty. Here, we show that cinobufagin suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in vivo by downregulating angiogenesis. The hierarchized neovasculature is significantly decreased and the vascular network formation is disrupted in HUVEC by cinobufagin in a dose‐dependent way. Endothelial apoptosis is observed by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction which can be neutralized by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC). Expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is reduced and phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2481 and Akt at Ser473 is downregulated in HUVEC. Endothelial apoptosis is triggered by cinobufagin by stimulation of Bax and cascade activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3. Increased endothelial apoptosis rate and alterations in the HIF‐1α/mTOR pathway are recapitulated in tumor‐bearing mice in vivo. Further, the anti‐angiogenesis function of cinobufagin is consolidated based on its pro‐apoptotic effects on an EOMA‐derived hemangioendothelioma model. In conclusion, cinobufagin suppresses tumor neovascularization by disrupting the endothelial mTOR/HIF‐1α pathway to trigger ROS‐mediated vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Cinobufagin is a promising natural anti‐angiogenetic drug that has clinical translation potential and practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital & School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinrui Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Chan R, Benet LZ. Measures of BSEP Inhibition In Vitro Are Not Useful Predictors of DILI. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:499-508. [PMID: 29272540 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) by a drug has been implicated as a risk factor for a drug's potential to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and is thought to be an important mechanism leading to DILI. For a wide variety of drugs a correlation has been observed between the potency of in vitro BSEP inhibition and its propensity to cause DILI in humans. These findings were interpreted to suggest that BSEP inhibition could be an important mechanism to help explain how some drugs initiate DILI. Because the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) can be useful in characterizing and predicting some important transporter effects in terms of drug-drug interactions, we evaluated the information provided by BDDCS in order to understand the inhibition propensity of BSEP. Here we analyze the relationship between a compound's ability to inhibit BSEP function and cause liver injury in humans using a compilation of published DILI datasets that have screened for BSEP inhibitors, other hepatic transporters and other mechanism-based toxicity key events. Our results demonstrate that there is little support for in vitro BSEP inhibition being universally DILI predictive. Rather we show that most potent BSEP inhibitors are BDDCS class 2 drugs, which we have demonstrated previously is the BDDCS class most likely to be DILI related. Since BDDCS class is not related to any proposed DILI mechanistic hypotheses, we maintain that if measures of BSEP inhibition alone or together with inhibition of other transporters cannot be differentiated from class 2 assignment, there is no support for in vitro BSEP inhibition being DILI predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Chan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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29
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Hegyi P, Maléth J, Walters JR, Hofmann AF, Keely SJ. Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1983-2023. [PMID: 30067158 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and fluid to and from the luminal contents. At the same time, epithelial cells are responsible for forming a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents the entry into the body of harmful agents, such as bacteria and their toxins. Dysregulation of epithelial transport and barrier function is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of conditions throughout the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and cancer. Driven by discovery of specific receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, new insights into mechanisms that control their synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, and a growing appreciation of their roles as bioactive bacterial metabolites, bile acids are currently receiving a great deal of interest as critical regulators of epithelial function in health and disease. This review aims to summarize recent advances in this field and to highlight how bile acids are now emerging as exciting new targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Joszef Maléth
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Julian R Walters
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Alan F Hofmann
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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30
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MahmoudianDehkordi S, Arnold M, Nho K, Ahmad S, Jia W, Xie G, Louie G, Kueider-Paisley A, Moseley MA, Thompson JW, St John Williams L, Tenenbaum JD, Blach C, Baillie R, Han X, Bhattacharyya S, Toledo JB, Schafferer S, Klein S, Koal T, Risacher SL, Kling MA, Motsinger-Reif A, Rotroff DM, Jack J, Hankemeier T, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Weiner MW, Doraiswamy PM, van Duijn CM, Saykin AJ, Kastenmüller G, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease-An emerging role for gut microbiome. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:76-92. [PMID: 30337151 PMCID: PMC6487485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in central nervous system disorders and a specific role for the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration. Bile acids (BAs), products of cholesterol metabolism and clearance, are produced in the liver and are further metabolized by gut bacteria. They have major regulatory and signaling functions and seem dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Serum levels of 15 primary and secondary BAs and their conjugated forms were measured in 1464 subjects including 370 cognitively normal older adults, 284 with early mild cognitive impairment, 505 with late mild cognitive impairment, and 305 AD cases enrolled in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. We assessed associations of BA profiles including selected ratios with diagnosis, cognition, and AD-related genetic variants, adjusting for confounders and multiple testing. RESULTS In AD compared to cognitively normal older adults, we observed significantly lower serum concentrations of a primary BA (cholic acid [CA]) and increased levels of the bacterially produced, secondary BA, deoxycholic acid, and its glycine and taurine conjugated forms. An increased ratio of deoxycholic acid:CA, which reflects 7α-dehydroxylation of CA by gut bacteria, strongly associated with cognitive decline, a finding replicated in serum and brain samples in the Rush Religious Orders and Memory and Aging Project. Several genetic variants in immune response-related genes implicated in AD showed associations with BA profiles. DISCUSSION We report for the first time an association between altered BA profile, genetic variants implicated in AD, and cognitive changes in disease using a large multicenter study. These findings warrant further investigation of gut dysbiosis and possible role of gut-liver-brain axis in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa St John Williams
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica D Tenenbaum
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jon B Toledo
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mitchel Allan Kling
- Behavioral Health Service, Crescenz VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John Jack
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Neurology, Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Cholestasis can be defined as any situation of impaired bile secretion with concomitant accumulation of bile acids in the liver or in the systemic circulation. A variety of factors may evoke cholestasis, including genetic disorders, metabolic pathologies, infectious diseases, immunogenic stimuli, and drugs. Drug-induced cholestasis is a mechanistically complex process. At least three triggering factors of drug-induced cholestasis have been described, including effects on drug transporters, various hepatocellular changes, and altered bile canaliculi dynamics. These stimuli induce two cellular responses, each typified by a number of key events, namely a deteriorative response activated by bile acid accumulation and an adaptive response aimed at decreasing the uptake and increasing the export of bile acids into and from the liver, respectively. The mechanistic scenario of drug-induced cholestasis is described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gijbels
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Einer C, Leitzinger C, Lichtmannegger J, Eberhagen C, Rieder T, Borchard S, Wimmer R, Denk G, Popper B, Neff F, Polishchuk EV, Polishchuk RS, Hauck SM, von Toerne C, Müller JC, Karst U, Baral BS, DiSpirito AA, Kremer AE, Semrau J, Weiss KH, Hohenester S, Zischka H. A High-Calorie Diet Aggravates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Triggers Severe Liver Damage in Wilson Disease Rats. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:571-596. [PMID: 30586623 PMCID: PMC6407159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In Wilson disease, ATP7B mutations impair copper excretion into bile. Hepatic copper accumulation may induce mild to moderate chronic liver damage or even acute liver failure. Etiologic factors for this heterogeneous phenotype remain enigmatic. Liver steatosis is a frequent finding in Wilson disease patients, suggesting that impaired copper homeostasis is linked with liver steatosis. Hepatic mitochondrial function is affected negatively both by copper overload and steatosis. Therefore, we addressed the question of whether a steatosis-promoting high-calorie diet aggravates liver damage in Wilson disease via amplified mitochondrial damage. METHODS Control Atp7b+/- and Wilson disease Atp7b-/- rats were fed either a high-calorie diet (HCD) or a normal diet. Copper chelation using the high-affinity peptide methanobactin was used in HCD-fed Atp7b-/- rats to test for therapeutic reversal of mitochondrial copper damage. RESULTS In comparison with a normal diet, HCD feeding of Atp7b-/- rats resulted in a markedly earlier onset of clinically apparent hepatic injury. Strongly increased mitochondrial copper accumulation was observed in HCD-fed Atp7b-/- rats, correlating with severe liver injury. Mitochondria presented with massive structural damage, increased H2O2 emergence, and dysfunctional adenosine triphosphate production. Hepatocellular injury presumably was augmented as a result of oxidative stress. Reduction of mitochondrial copper by methanobactin significantly reduced mitochondrial impairment and ameliorated liver damage. CONCLUSIONS A high-calorie diet severely aggravates hepatic mitochondrial and hepatocellular damage in Wilson disease rats, causing an earlier onset of the disease and enhanced disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christin Leitzinger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Rieder
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wimmer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Denk
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Core Facility Animal Models, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bipin S Baral
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Alan A DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Andreas E Kremer
- Department of Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeremy Semrau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karl Heinz Weiss
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Islinger M, Wildgruber R, Völkl A. Preparative free-flow electrophoresis, a versatile technology complementing gradient centrifugation in the isolation of highly purified cell organelles. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2288-2299. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Alfred Völkl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Institute of Anatomy; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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34
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The exceptional sensitivity of brain mitochondria to copper. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 51:11-22. [PMID: 29715505 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is characterized by a disrupted copper homeostasis resulting in dramatically increased copper levels, mainly in liver and brain. While copper damage to mitochondria is an established feature in WD livers, much less is known about such detrimental copper effects in other organs. We therefore assessed the mitochondrial sensitivity to copper in a tissue specific manner, namely of isolated rat liver, kidney, heart, and brain mitochondria. Brain mitochondria presented with exceptional copper sensitivity, as evidenced by a comparatively early membrane potential loss, profound structural changes already at low copper dose, and a dose-dependent reduced capacity to produce ATP. This sensitivity was likely due to a copper-dependent attack on free protein thiols and due to a decreased copper reactive defense system, as further evidenced in neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells. In contrast, an increased production of reactive oxygen species was found to be a late-stage event, only occurring in destroyed mitochondria. We therefore propose mitochondrial protein thiols as major targets of mitochondrial copper toxicity.
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35
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Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Zhou K, Cai W. PHB2 interacts with LC3 and SQSTM1 is required for bile acids-induced mitophagy in cholestatic liver. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:160. [PMID: 29416008 PMCID: PMC5833850 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a major pathway for clearance of injured mitochondria. However, whether mitophagy is involved in the cholestasis-induced damages of hepatic mitochondria remains unknown. We here aimed to investigate the molecular links between cholestasis and hepatic mitophagy. We show that mitophagy is increased significantly in livers of biliary atresia (BA) that is cholestatic disease in infants. The mitochondrial-toxicity bile acids treatment increases the activities of mitophagy in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, we find that the prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is crucial for cholestasis-mediated mitophagy in vitro. On the one hand, PHB2 binds the autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 upon injured mitochondria via an LC3-interaction region domain. On the other hand, PHB2 forms a ternary protein complex with sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and LC3, leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria. Altogether, our study suggests that PHB2 is required for cholestasis-induced mitophagy via LC3 onto the injured mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejun Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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36
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Ingold I, Berndt C, Schmitt S, Doll S, Poschmann G, Buday K, Roveri A, Peng X, Porto Freitas F, Seibt T, Mehr L, Aichler M, Walch A, Lamp D, Jastroch M, Miyamoto S, Wurst W, Ursini F, Arnér ES, Fradejas-Villar N, Schweizer U, Zischka H, Friedmann Angeli JP, Conrad M. Selenium Utilization by GPX4 Is Required to Prevent Hydroperoxide-Induced Ferroptosis. Cell 2018; 172:409-422.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Lohr K, Pachl F, Moghaddas Gholami A, Geillinger KE, Daniel H, Kuster B, Klingenspor M. Reduced mitochondrial mass and function add to age-related susceptibility toward diet-induced fatty liver in C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/19/e12988. [PMID: 27694529 PMCID: PMC5064140 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden in the aging society with an urging medical need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered critical in the development of hepatic steatosis, the hallmark of NAFLD. Our study addressed in C57BL/6J mice the effect of high fat diet feeding and age on liver mitochondria at an early stage of NAFLD development. We therefore analyzed functional characteristics of hepatic mitochondria and associated alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in response to high fat feeding in adolescent, young adult, and middle‐aged mice. Susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity increased with age. Young adult and middle‐aged mice developed fatty liver, but not adolescent mice. Fat accumulation was negatively correlated with an age‐related reduction in mitochondrial mass and aggravated by a reduced capacity of fatty acid oxidation in high fat‐fed mice. Irrespective of age, high fat diet increased ROS production in hepatic mitochondria associated with a balanced nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) dependent antioxidative response, most likely triggered by reduced tethering of NFE2L2 to mitochondrial phosphoglycerate mutase 5. Age indirectly influenced mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial mass, thus exacerbating diet‐induced fat accumulation. Therefore, consideration of age in metabolic studies must be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Lohr
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Amin Moghaddas Gholami
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Kerstin E Geillinger
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Z I E L - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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38
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Maléth J, Hegyi P. Ca2+ toxicity and mitochondrial damage in acute pancreatitis: translational overview. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0425. [PMID: 27377719 PMCID: PMC4938025 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a leading cause of hospitalization among non-malignant gastrointestinal disorders. The mortality of severe AP can reach 30-50%, which is most probably owing to the lack of specific treatment. Therefore, AP is a major healthcare problem, which urges researchers to identify novel drug targets. Studies from the last decades highlighted that the toxic cellular Ca(2+) overload and mitochondrial damage are key pathogenic steps in the disease development affecting both acinar and ductal cell functions. Moreover, recent observations showed that modifying the cellular Ca(2+) signalling might be beneficial in AP. The inhibition of Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum or the activity of plasma membrane Ca(2+) influx channels decreased the severity of AP in experimental models. Similarly, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening also seems to improve the outcome of AP in in vivo animal models. At the moment MPTP blockers are under detailed clinical investigation to test whether interventions in MPTP openings and/or Ca(2+) homeostasis of the cells can be specific targets in prevention or treatment of cell damage in AP.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary MTA-SZTE Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary MTA-SZTE Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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39
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Zhuang S, Li Q, Cai L, Wang C, Lei X. Chemoproteomic Profiling of Bile Acid Interacting Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:501-509. [PMID: 28573213 PMCID: PMC5445530 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a family of endogenous metabolites synthesized from cholesterol in liver and modified by microbiota in gut. Being amphipathic molecules, the major function of BAs is to help with dietary lipid digestion. In addition, they also act as signaling molecules to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism as well as gut microbiota composition in the host. Remarkably, recent discoveries of the dedicated receptors for BAs such as FXR and TGR5 have uncovered a number of novel actions of BAs as signaling hormones which play significant roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. Disorders in BAs' metabolism are closely related to metabolic syndrome and intestinal and neurodegenerative diseases. Though BA-based therapies have been clinically implemented for decades, the regulatory mechanism of BA is still poorly understood and a comprehensive characterization of BA-interacting proteins in proteome remains elusive. We herein describe a chemoproteomic strategy that uses a number of structurally diverse, clickable, and photoreactive BA-based probes in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry to globally profile BA-interacting proteins in mammalian cells. Over 600 BA-interacting protein targets were identified, including known endogenous receptors and transporters of BA. Analysis of these novel BA-interacting proteins revealed that they are mainly enriched in functional pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and lipid metabolism, and are predicted with strong implications with Alzheimer's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diarrhea. Our findings will significantly improve the current understanding of BAs' regulatory roles in human physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentian Zhuang
- Synthetic
and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Synthetic
and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lirong Cai
- Synthetic
and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic
and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- E-mail:
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Synthetic
and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life
Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- E-mail:
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40
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Yokouchi Y, Imaoka M, Niino N, Kiyosawa N, Kai K. Comprehensive Evaluation of (+)-Usnic Acid–induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Sequential Cross-omics Analysis. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:481-492. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623317707074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-week administration of (+)-usnic acid (UA) induces mitochondrial swelling of cardiomyocytes, and toxicogenomic analysis of the heart revealed upregulation of oxidative stress, amino acid limitation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress–related genes in rats. To analyze the pathogenesis, UA was orally administrated to rats for 1, 4, 7, and 14 days, and sequential histopathological, genomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed on the heart, liver, and plasma. As a result, mitochondrial swelling of cardiomyocytes was observed on day 15 preceded by genomic upregulation on days 5 and 8. Of the focused gene groups, amino acid limitation–related genes represented by Mthfd2 showed numerically higher values or upregulation from day 5, which was sustained through the experimental period. On the contrary, oxidative stress–related genes were upregulated temporally on day 5. In metabolomic analysis, amino acids such as taurocholate and their metabolites fluctuated in concert with the upregulation of amino acid limitation–related genes in the heart, liver, and plasma. Moreover, accumulations of bile acids were manifested in all the tested tissues, while no histopathological change was seen in the liver. Increased bile acids might have an indirect effect on the myocardium; however, more detailed analysis is required. In conclusion, amino acid limitation was suggested as the pivotal toxic trigger of UA-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yokouchi
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Imaoka
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Niino
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Kiyosawa
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Otieno MA, Snoeys J, Lam W, Ghosh A, Player MR, Pocai A, Salter R, Simic D, Skaggs H, Singh B, Lim HK. Fasiglifam (TAK-875): Mechanistic Investigation and Retrospective Identification of Hazards for Drug Induced Liver Injury. Toxicol Sci 2017; 163:374-384. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monicah A Otieno
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Antwerpen BE 2340, Belgium
| | - Wing Lam
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Avi Ghosh
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Mark R Player
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular & Metabolism, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Rhys Salter
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Damir Simic
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Hollie Skaggs
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Bhanu Singh
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Heng-Keang Lim
- Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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42
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Chubanov V, Ferioli S, Wisnowsky A, Simmons DG, Leitzinger C, Einer C, Jonas W, Shymkiv Y, Bartsch H, Braun A, Akdogan B, Mittermeier L, Sytik L, Torben F, Jurinovic V, van der Vorst EPC, Weber C, Yildirim ÖA, Sotlar K, Schürmann A, Zierler S, Zischka H, Ryazanov AG, Gudermann T. Epithelial magnesium transport by TRPM6 is essential for prenatal development and adult survival. eLife 2016; 5:e20914. [PMID: 27991852 PMCID: PMC5218537 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mg2+ regulates many physiological processes and signalling pathways. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the organismal balance of Mg2+. Capitalizing on a set of newly generated mouse models, we provide an integrated mechanistic model of the regulation of organismal Mg2+ balance during prenatal development and in adult mice by the ion channel TRPM6. We show that TRPM6 activity in the placenta and yolk sac is essential for embryonic development. In adult mice, TRPM6 is required in the intestine to maintain organismal Mg2+ balance, but is dispensable in the kidney. Trpm6 inactivation in adult mice leads to a shortened lifespan, growth deficit and metabolic alterations indicative of impaired energy balance. Dietary Mg2+ supplementation not only rescues all phenotypes displayed by Trpm6-deficient adult mice, but also may extend the lifespan of wildtype mice. Hence, maintenance of organismal Mg2+ balance by TRPM6 is crucial for prenatal development and survival to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- (VC)
| | - Silvia Ferioli
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Wisnowsky
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christin Leitzinger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuriy Shymkiv
- Princeton Institute of Life Sciences, Princeton, United States
| | - Harald Bartsch
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Banu Akdogan
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Mittermeier
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludmila Sytik
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Torben
- Genome Analysis Center, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vindi Jurinovic
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel PC van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Önder A Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Princeton Institute of Life Sciences, Princeton, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, United States
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
- (TG)
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43
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Functional human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) with bile acid synthesis and transport capacities: A novel in vitro cholestatic model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38694. [PMID: 27934920 PMCID: PMC5146671 DOI: 10.1038/srep38694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cholestasis is a leading cause of drug withdrawal. However, the use of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), the gold standard for predicting cholestasis in vitro, is limited by their high cost and batch-to-batch variability. Mature hepatocyte characteristics have been observed in human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) derived from human fibroblast transdifferentiation. Here, we evaluated whether hiHeps could biosynthesize and excrete bile acids (BAs) and their potential as PHH alternatives for cholestasis investigations. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting indicated that hiHeps highly expressed BA synthases and functional transporters. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that hiHeps produced normal intercellular unconjugated BAs but fewer conjugated BAs than human hepatocytes. When incubated with representative cholestatic agents, hiHeps exhibited sensitive drug-induced bile salt export pump (BSEP) dysfunction, and their response to cholestatic agent-mediated cytotoxicity correlated well with that of PHHs (r2 = 0.8032). Deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced hepatotoxicity in hiHeps was verified by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT) levels. Mitochondrial damage and cell death suggested DCA-induced toxicity in hiHeps, which were attenuated by hepatoprotective drugs, as in PHHs. For the first time, hiHeps were reported to biosynthesize and excrete BAs, which could facilitate predicting cholestatic hepatotoxicity and screening potential therapeutic drugs against cholestasis.
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44
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Woodhead JL, Brock WJ, Roth SE, Shoaf SE, Brouwer KLR, Church R, Grammatopoulos TN, Stiles L, Siler SQ, Howell BA, Mosedale M, Watkins PB, Shoda LKM. Application of a Mechanistic Model to Evaluate Putative Mechanisms of Tolvaptan Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Identify Patient Susceptibility Factors. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:61-74. [PMID: 27655350 PMCID: PMC5216653 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, approved in several countries for the treatment of hyponatremia and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). No liver injury has been observed with tolvaptan treatment in healthy subjects and in non-ADPKD indications, but ADPKD clinical trials showed evidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Although all DILI events resolved, additional monitoring in tolvaptan-treated ADPKD patients is required. In vitro assays identified alterations in bile acid disposition and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration as potential mechanisms underlying tolvaptan hepatotoxicity. This report details the application of DILIsym software to determine whether these mechanisms could account for the liver safety profile of tolvaptan observed in ADPKD clinical trials. DILIsym simulations included physiologically based pharmacokinetic estimates of hepatic exposure for tolvaptan and2 metabolites, and their effects on hepatocyte bile acid transporters and mitochondrial respiration. The frequency of predicted alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations, following simulated 90/30 mg split daily dosing, was 7.9% compared with clinical observations of 4.4% in ADPKD trials. Toxicity was multifactorial as inhibition of bile acid transporters and mitochondrial respiration contributed to the simulated DILI. Furthermore, simulation analysis identified both pre-treatment risk factors and on-treatment biomarkers predictive of simulated DILI. The simulations demonstrated that in vivo hepatic exposure to tolvaptan and the DM-4103 metabolite, combined with these 2 mechanisms of toxicity, were sufficient to account for the initiation of tolvaptan-mediated DILI. Identification of putative risk-factors and potential novel biomarkers provided insight for the development of mechanism-based tolvaptan risk-mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Brock
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Brock Scientific Consulting, Montgomery Village, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sharin E Roth
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Susan E Shoaf
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel Church
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Scott Q Siler
- DILIsym Services, Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brett A Howell
- DILIsym Services, Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Merrie Mosedale
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Paul B Watkins
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lisl K M Shoda
- DILIsym Services, Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
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45
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Vila Verde A, Frenkel D. Kinetics of formation of bile salt micelles from coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5172-5179. [PMID: 27199094 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the mechanism of formation of micelles of dihydroxy bile salts using a coarse-grained, implicit solvent model and Langevin dynamics simulations. We find that bile salt micelles primarily form via addition and removal of monomers, similarly to surfactants with typical head-tail molecular structures, and not via a two-stage mechanism - involving formation of oligomers and their subsequent aggregation to form larger micelles - originally proposed for bile salts. The free energy barrier to removal of single bile monomers from micelles is ≈2kBT, much less than what has been observed for head-tail surfactants. Such a low barrier may be biologically relevant: it allows for rapid release of bile monomers into the intestine, possibly enabling the coverage of fat droplets by bile salt monomers and subsequent release of micelles containing fats and bile salts - a mechanism that is not possible for ionic head-tail surfactants of similar critical micellar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vila Verde
- Theory and Bio-Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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46
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Lichtmannegger J, Leitzinger C, Wimmer R, Schmitt S, Schulz S, Kabiri Y, Eberhagen C, Rieder T, Janik D, Neff F, Straub BK, Schirmacher P, DiSpirito AA, Bandow N, Baral BS, Flatley A, Kremmer E, Denk G, Reiter FP, Hohenester S, Eckardt-Schupp F, Dencher NA, Adamski J, Sauer V, Niemietz C, Schmidt HHJ, Merle U, Gotthardt DN, Kroemer G, Weiss KH, Zischka H. Methanobactin reverses acute liver failure in a rat model of Wilson disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2721-35. [PMID: 27322060 DOI: 10.1172/jci85226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Wilson disease (WD), functional loss of ATPase copper-transporting β (ATP7B) impairs biliary copper excretion, leading to excessive copper accumulation in the liver and fulminant hepatitis. Current US Food and Drug Administration- and European Medicines Agency-approved pharmacological treatments usually fail to restore copper homeostasis in patients with WD who have progressed to acute liver failure, leaving liver transplantation as the only viable treatment option. Here, we investigated the therapeutic utility of methanobactin (MB), a peptide produced by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, which has an exceptionally high affinity for copper. We demonstrated that ATP7B-deficient rats recapitulate WD-associated phenotypes, including hepatic copper accumulation, liver damage, and mitochondrial impairment. Short-term treatment of these rats with MB efficiently reversed mitochondrial impairment and liver damage in the acute stages of liver copper accumulation compared with that seen in untreated ATP7B-deficient rats. This beneficial effect was associated with depletion of copper from hepatocyte mitochondria. Moreover, MB treatment prevented hepatocyte death, subsequent liver failure, and death in the rodent model. These results suggest that MB has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute WD.
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47
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Thompson RA, Isin EM, Ogese MO, Mettetal JT, Williams DP. Reactive Metabolites: Current and Emerging Risk and Hazard Assessments. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:505-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Thompson
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Emre M. Isin
- DMPK, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Monday O. Ogese
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T. Mettetal
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dominic P. Williams
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Sousa T, Castro RE, Pinto SN, Coutinho A, Lucas SD, Moreira R, Rodrigues CMP, Prieto M, Fernandes F. Deoxycholic acid modulates cell death signaling through changes in mitochondrial membrane properties. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2158-71. [PMID: 26351365 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m062653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), are responsible for hepatocyte cell death during intrahepatic cholestasis. The mechanisms responsible for this effect are unclear, and recent studies conflict, pointing to either a modulation of plasma membrane structure or mitochondrial-mediated toxicity through perturbation of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) properties. We conducted a comprehensive comparative study of the impact of cytotoxic and cytoprotective bile acids on the membrane structure of different cellular compartments. We show that DCA increases the plasma membrane fluidity of hepatocytes to a minor extent, and that this effect is not correlated with the incidence of apoptosis. Additionally, plasma membrane fluidity recovers to normal values over time suggesting the presence of cellular compensatory mechanisms for this perturbation. Colocalization experiments in living cells confirmed the presence of bile acids within mitochondrial membranes. Experiments with active isolated mitochondria revealed that physiologically active concentrations of DCA change MOM order in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and that these changes preceded the mitochondrial permeability transition. Importantly, these effects are not observed on liposomes mimicking MOM lipid composition, suggesting that DCA apoptotic activity depends on features of mitochondrial membranes that are absent in protein-free mimetic liposomes, such as the double-membrane structure, lipid asymmetry, or mitochondrial protein environment. In contrast, the mechanism of action of cytoprotective bile acids is likely not associated with changes in cellular membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Sousa
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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49
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Chen J, Zheng J, Decker EA, McClements DJ, Xiao H. Improving nutraceutical bioavailability using mixed colloidal delivery systems: lipid nanoparticles increase tangeretin bioaccessibility and absorption from tangeretin-loaded zein nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13503f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a multi-particle delivery system to increase the bioavailability of tangeretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology
| | - Eric A. Decker
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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50
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Schmitt S, Eberhagen C, Weber S, Aichler M, Zischka H. Isolation of mitochondria from cultured cells and liver tissue biopsies for molecular and biochemical analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1295:87-97. [PMID: 25820716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2550-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a new method to isolate functionally intact mitochondria from cell culture and small tissue samples (Schmitt et al., Anal Biochem 443(1):66-74, 2013). This method comprises a semi-automated cell rupture, termed pump controlled cell rupture system (PCC), which can be precisely adjusted to the specific cellular source of isolation and which can be tightly controlled (Schmitt et al., Anal Biochem 443(1):66-74, 2013). Here we provide a detailed hands-on protocol of this PCC method which results in an efficient cell breakage but preserving the mitochondrial integrity. Upon subsequent purification steps, the obtained mitochondrial fraction meets the quality and purity required for molecular analyses, e.g. proteomic comparisons, as well as for biochemical analyses, e.g. determination of diverse enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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