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Ahanger IA, Dar TA. Small molecule modulators of alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity: Pioneering an emerging arsenal against Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102538. [PMID: 39389237 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain and accumulation of aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), an intrinsically disordered protein, in the form of Lewy Bodies and Lewy Neurites. Substantial evidences point to the aggregated/fibrillar forms of α-Syn as a central event in PD pathogenesis, underscoring the modulation of α-Syn aggregation as a promising strategy for PD treatment. Consequently, numerous anti-aggregation agents, spanning from small molecules to polymers, have been scrutinized for their potential to mitigate α-Syn aggregation and its associated toxicity. Among these, small molecule modulators like osmoprotectants, polyphenols, cellular metabolites, metals, and peptides have emerged as promising candidates with significant potential in PD management. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the effects of these small molecule modulators on the aggregation propensity and associated toxicity of α-Syn and its PD-associated mutants. It serves as a valuable resource for identifying and developing potent, non-invasive, non-toxic, and highly specific small molecule-based therapeutic arsenal for combating PD. Additionally, it raises pertinent questions aimed at guiding future research endeavours in the field of α-Syn aggregation remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India.
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2
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Patel D, Soni R, Shah J. Decoding the Role of Nuclear Sirtuins in Parkinson's Pathogenesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39331405 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevailing degenerative disease that deals with dopaminergic neuronal loss and deficiency of dopamine in SNpc and striatum. Manifestations primarily include motor symptoms like tremor, rigidity, and akinesia/dyskinesia along with some nonmotor symptoms like GI and olfactory dysfunction. α-Synuclein pathogenesis is the major cause behind progression of PD; however there are many underlying molecular mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of PD. Sirtuins are small molecular deacetylases that have an imperative role in pathology of such neurodegenerative disorders like PD. Sirtuins are majorly classified according to their location; nuclear (SIRT1,7,6), mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3-5), and cytosolic (SIRT2). These actively take part in pathological development and possess independent actions. In this review, the role of nuclear sirtuins is individualistically explored for better understanding of PD pathology and development of advanced therapeutics targeting sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishank Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ritu Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
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3
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di Biase L, Pecoraro PM, Carbone SP, Alessi F, Di Lazzaro V. Smoking exposure and Parkinson's disease: A UK Brain Bank pathology-validated case-control study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 125:107022. [PMID: 38865837 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies have consistently shown an inverse association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. Literature indicates that both current and former smokers have a reduced risk of developing PD compared to non-smokers. If smoking protects against Parkinson's disease risk or, conversely, smoking habit is abated due to the disease itself, according to the reverse causation, is still an unsolved question. METHODS 118 patients from the UK Brain Bank with an alive clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were enrolled. Post-mortem validation served as the gold standard for diagnosis to divide the population into true positive and false positive groups. Patient charts were reviewed to extract smoking exposure information and statistical analyses were conducted to determine the odds associated with smoking in the two diagnostic groups. RESULTS Among alive clinically diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease, 53 % had no smoking exposure. In the True Positive group, 58 % had no smoking exposure, while this proportion was lower in the False Positive group at 46 %. The Odds Ratio for the association between smoking exposure and the two groups was 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.32-1.37). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.2804. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the role of smoking exposure in Parkinson's diagnosis. The results indicate that the observed association is not specific to idiopathic Parkinson's disease but rather a broader phenomenon encompassing various parkinsonian disorders. This suggests a potential common neuroprotective effect of smoking, shared risk factors, or supports the reverse causation hypothesis where parkinsonian symptoms reduce smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazzaro di Biase
- Operative Research Unit of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy; Brain Innovations Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maria Pecoraro
- Operative Research Unit of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy; Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Paola Carbone
- Operative Research Unit of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy; Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessi
- Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Operative Research Unit of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Roma, Italy; Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
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Shen YX, Lee PS, Teng MC, Huang JH, Wang CC, Fan HF. Influence of Cigarette Aerosol in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization and Cell Viability in SH-SY5Y: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1484-1500. [PMID: 38483468 PMCID: PMC10995954 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cigarette aerosol exposure is associated with various adverse health issues, its impact on Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y cells for the first time, both with and without α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression. We found that α-Syn aggravates CAE-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) revealed a dual distribution of α-Syn within the cells, with homogeneous regions indicative of monomeric α-Syn and punctated regions, suggesting the formation of oligomers. Moreover, we observed colocalization of α-Syn oligomers with lysosomes along with a reduction in autophagy activity. These findings suggest that α-Syn overexpression exacerbates CAE-induced intracellular cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy dysregulation, leading to elevated cell mortality. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms linking exposure to cigarette aerosols with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Ullah I, Uddin S, Zhao L, Wang X, Li H. Autophagy and UPS pathway contribute to nicotine-induced protection effect in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9. [PMID: 38430248 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The gradual nature of age-related neurodegeneration causes Parkinson's disease (PD) and impairs movement, memory, intellectual ability, and social interaction. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) among the elderly is PD. PD affects both motor and cognitive functions. Degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and buildup of the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are two major causes of this disorder. Both UPS and ALS systems serve to eliminate α-Syn. Autophagy and UPS deficits, shortened life duration, and lipofuscin buildup accelerate PD. This sickness has no cure. Innovative therapies are halting PD progression. Bioactive phytochemicals may provide older individuals with a natural substitute to help delay the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses. This study examines whether nicotine helps transgenic C. elegans PD models. According to numerous studies, nicotine enhances synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic neuronal survival. Upgrades UPS pathways, increases autophagy, and decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. At 100, 150, and 200 µM nicotine levels, worms showed reduced α-Syn aggregation, repaired DA neurotoxicity after 6-OHDA intoxication, increased lifetime, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, nicotine triggered autophagy and UPS. We revealed nicotine's potential as a UPS and autophagy activator to prevent PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shahab Uddin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Fares MB, Alijevic O, Johne S, Overk C, Hashimoto M, Kondylis A, Adame A, Dulize R, Peric D, Nury C, Battey J, Guedj E, Sierro N, Mc Hugh D, Rockenstein E, Kim C, Rissman RA, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Masliah E, Mathis C. Nicotine-mediated effects in neuronal and mouse models of synucleinopathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1239009. [PMID: 37719154 PMCID: PMC10501483 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1239009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation, transmission, and contribution to neurotoxicity represent central mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease. The plant alkaloid "nicotine" was reported to attenuate α-Syn aggregation in different models, but its precise mode of action remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-week chronic nicotine treatment on α-Syn aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and motor deficits in D-line α-Syn transgenic mice. We also established a novel humanized neuronal model of α-Syn aggregation and toxicity based on treatment of dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) with α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFF) and applied this model to investigate the effects of nicotine and other compounds and their modes of action. Results and discussion Overall, our results showed that nicotine attenuated α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in both models. Moreover, when investigating the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling in nicotine's neuroprotective effects in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons, we observed that while α4-specific antagonists reduced the nicotine-induced calcium response, α4 agonists (e.g., AZD1446 and anatabine) mediated similar neuroprotective responses against α-Syn PFF-provoked neurodegeneration. Our results show that nicotine attenuates α-Syn-provoked neuropathology in vivo and in a humanized neuronal model of synucleinopathy and that activation of α4β2 nicotinic receptors might mediate these neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Alijevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Johne
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Cassia Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Mc Hugh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Jung D, Kwak DW, Kim M, Lee WW. A Role of β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists Related to the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India 2023; 71:710-715. [PMID: 37635503 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested the potential protective role of β2-adrenoreceptor agonist (β2AR-agonist) on the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, those could not reflect a different epidemiologic background in eastern countries. We explored β2AR-agonist's effect on PD development by controlling for smoking. Materials and Methods We used the Korean national sample cohort data (from 2002 to 2013) containing 1,025,340 participants (2.2% of the whole population). The subjects over 60 years were included. PD was defined based on the ICD-10 code, which should be diagnosed by neurologists. Atypical Parkinsonisms or ataxic disorders were excluded. We made Set 1 (from 2003 to 2007) and Set 2 (from 2003 to 2008) based on the exposure period for the sensitivity analysis. We observed whether PD had developed during the follow-up periods in each subset. Results The PD (Set 1, n = 742; Set 2, n = 699) and non-PD group (Set 1, n = 57,645; Set 2, n = 66,586) were collected. Old age, Medicaid, and asthma were risk factors, whereas smoking was a significant protective factor for PD development. The proportion of β2AR-agonist use was significantly higher in the PD group than in the non-PD group (Set 1, 3.6% vs. 2.4%; Set 2, 4.1% vs. 2.6%). β2AR-agonist use still was a risk factor in developing PD from the multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions β2-AR-agonist looked like a risk factor rather than a protective factor for PD development. Well-controlled studies reflecting various epidemiologic backgrounds are required to confirm the role of β2AR-agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Jung
- Advanced Institute of Finance and Economics, Liaoning University, Liaoning, China
| | - Do Won Kwak
- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- College of Business, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul; Department of Neurology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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8
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 PMCID: PMC10234254 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yoon SY, Park YH, Lee SC, Suh JH, Yang SN, Kang DR, Kim YW. Association between smoking and all-cause mortality in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37037842 PMCID: PMC10085986 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between smoking status and all-cause mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the whole nationwide population data from Korea National Health Insurance Service, newly diagnosed PD was selected, and all-cause mortality was evaluated. The systematic review was performed through a literature search on the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Among 26,080 individuals with PD, there was no significant association between smoking status and all-cause mortality in a nationwide cohort study (ex-smoker, HR 0.1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.10; current smoker, HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96-1.16). The systematic review, including six prospective cohort studies, also found a nonsignificant association. PD smokers tended to have fewer deaths from neurologic causes but were significantly more likely to die from smoking-related cancers such as lung cancer. We presented a nonsignificant association between smoking and mortality of PD, and cigarette smoking is not recommended in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Yoon
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Suh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Nam Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Precision Medicine & Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Mitchell E, Chohan H, Bestwick JP, Noyce AJ. Alcohol and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2369-2381. [PMID: 36442208 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of research has examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of PD. METHODS Eligible studies comparing PD risk in ever vs. never alcohol drinkers were sourced from six databases. Outcomes were pooled using standard meta-analysis techniques. Separate female and male estimates were generated from studies reporting sex-specific data. Additionally, cohort studies stratifying participants by quantity of alcohol intake were integrated in a dose-response analysis. RESULTS 52 studies were included, totaling 63,707 PD patients and 9,817,924 controls. Our meta-analysis supported a statistically significant overrepresentation of never drinkers among PD subjects; odds ratio (OR) for ever drinking alcohol 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 - 0.92). A subgroup analysis revealed similar effect estimates in females and males. A further synthesis of seven cohort studies suggested a negative, dose-dependent association between alcohol and risk of PD. CONCLUSION In the absence of a known neuroprotective pathway, there may be reason to doubt a true biological effect. The role of survivor bias, selection and recall bias, misclassification, and residual confounding requires consideration. Alternatively, observations might be attributable to reverse causation if those predestined for PD alter their alcohol habits during the preclinical phase. Major limitations of our study include high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 93.2%) and lack of adjustment for key confounders, namely smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Mitchell
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Harneek Chohan
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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11
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Cornelis MC, Bennett DA, Weintraub S, Schneider JA, Morris MC. Caffeine Consumption and Dementia: Are Lewy Bodies the Link? Ann Neurol 2022; 91:834-846. [PMID: 35288978 PMCID: PMC9310711 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association between caffeine intake and cognitive impairment. Caffeine-neuropathology correlations and interactions with lifestyle and genetic factors impacting caffeine metabolism and response were also tested. METHODS We included 888 participants aged 59+ years from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and 303,887 participants aged 55+ years from the UK Biobank (UKB). MAP participants took part in annual cognitive testing. Diagnosis of dementia was based on clinical neurological examination and standardized criteria. A subset provided postmortem tissue for neuropathologic evaluation for common age-related diseases (eg, Alzheimer's disease [AD], Lewy bodies, and vascular). For UKB, dementia was determined by linked hospital and death records. Self-reported caffeine intake was estimated using food-frequency questionnaires in both cohorts. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR), regression, and mixed models were used to examine associations of caffeine intake with incident dementia, cognitive decline, and neuropathology. RESULTS In MAP, compared to ≤100 mg/day, caffeine intake >100 mg/day was associated with a significantly higher HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.76) and AD (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07-1.85) dementia. Caffeine intake was not associated with cognitive decline. In UKB, compared to ≤100 mg/day, the HRs (95% CI) of all-cause dementia for consuming 100 ≤ 200, 200 ≤ 300, 300 ≤ 400, and > 400 mg/day were 0.83 (95% CI = 0.72-0.94), 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64-0.85), and 0.92 (95% CI = 0.79-1.08), respectively. Similar results were observed for Alzheimer's dementia. In MAP, caffeine intake was inversely associated with postmortem Lewy bodies but no other age-related pathologies. Caffeine intake >100 mg/day was associated with lower neocortical type Lewy bodies (odds ratio (95%CI): 0.40 (95% CI = 0.21-0.75). INTERPRETATION Caffeine intake was inconsistently associated with clinical dementia; potentially explained by cohort differences in underlying dementia etiology. Lewy bodies may link caffeine to lower risk in some persons. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:834-846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Hong SW, Teesdale-Spittle P, Page R, Ellenbroek B, Truman P. Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885489. [PMID: 35557609 PMCID: PMC9087043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco dependence remains one of the major preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are well over 8,000 compounds present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, but we do not know what effect, if any, many of them have on smokers. Major interest has been on nicotine, as well as on toxic and carcinogenic effects and several major and minor components of tobacco smoke responsible for the negative health effects of smoking have been elucidated. Smokers themselves report a variety of positive effects from smoking, including effects on depression, anxiety and mental acuity. Smoking has also been shown to have protective effects in Parkinson’s Disease. Are the subjective reports of a positive effect of smoking due to nicotine, of some other components of tobacco smoke, or are they a manifestation of the relief from nicotine withdrawal symptoms that smoking provides? This mini-review summarises what is currently known about the components of tobacco smoke with potential to have positive effects on smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Weon Hong
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart Ellenbroek
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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13
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Effects of oligomer toxicity, fibril toxicity and fibril spreading in synucleinopathies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:174. [PMID: 35244787 PMCID: PMC8897347 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a general hallmark of protein deposition diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, in which different types of aggregated species (oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils) are generated by the cells. Despite widespread interest, the relationship between oligomers and fibrils in the aggregation process and spreading remains elusive. A large variety of experimental evidences supported the idea that soluble oligomeric species of different proteins might be more toxic than the larger fibrillar forms. Furthermore, the lack of correlation between the presence of the typical pathological inclusions and disease sustained this debate. However, recent data show that the β-sheet core of the α-Synuclein (αSyn) fibrils is unable to establish persistent interactions with the lipid bilayers, but they can release oligomeric species responsible for an immediate dysfunction of the recipient neurons. Reversibly, such oligomeric species could also contribute to pathogenesis via neuron-to-neuron spreading by their direct cell-to-cell transfer or by generating new fibrils, following their neuronal uptake. In this Review, we discuss the various mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by αSyn, including oligomer toxicity, fibril toxicity and fibril spreading.
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14
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, causing motor symptoms. This disorder’s main hallmark is the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions, named Lewy bodies and neurites. The major component of these arrangements is α-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered and soluble protein that, in pathological conditions, can form toxic and cell-to-cell transmissible amyloid structures. Preventing α-synuclein aggregation has attracted significant effort in the search for a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Small molecules like SynuClean-D, epigallocatechin gallate, trodusquemine, or anle138b exemplify this therapeutic potential. Here, we describe a subset of compounds containing a single aromatic ring, like dopamine, ZPDm, gallic acid, or entacapone, which act as molecular chaperones against α-synuclein aggregation. The simplicity of their structures contrasts with the complexity of the aggregation process, yet the block efficiently α-synuclein assembly into amyloid fibrils, in many cases, redirecting the reaction towards the formation of non-toxic off-pathway oligomers. Moreover, some of these compounds can disentangle mature α-synuclein amyloid fibrils. Their simple structures allow structure-activity relationship analysis to elucidate the role of different functional groups in the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation and fibril dismantling, making them informative lead scaffolds for the rational development of efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pena-DIaz
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Iarkov A, Mendoza C, Echeverria V. Cholinergic Receptor Modulation as a Target for Preventing Dementia in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665820. [PMID: 34616271 PMCID: PMC8488354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the midbrain resulting in progressive impairment in cognitive and motor abilities. The physiological and molecular mechanisms triggering dopaminergic neuronal loss are not entirely defined. PD occurrence is associated with various genetic and environmental factors causing inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, proteinopathy, and reduced viability of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress affects the conformation and function of ions, proteins, and lipids, provoking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and dysfunction. The disruption of protein homeostasis induces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and parkin and a deficit in proteasome degradation. Also, oxidative stress affects dopamine release by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The cholinergic system is essential in modulating the striatal cells regulating cognitive and motor functions. Several muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in the striatum. The nAChRs signaling reduces neuroinflammation and facilitates neuronal survival, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity. Since there is a deficit in the nAChRs in PD, inhibiting nAChRs loss in the striatum may help prevent dopaminergic neurons loss in the striatum and its pathological consequences. The nAChRs can also stimulate other brain cells supporting cognitive and motor functions. This review discusses the cholinergic system as a therapeutic target of cotinine to prevent cognitive symptoms and transition to dementia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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16
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Domenighetti C, Sugier PE, Sreelatha AAK, Schulte C, Grover S, Mohamed O, Portugal B, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Duga S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, van de Warrenburg BP, Bloem BR, Aasly J, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan M, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer MJ, Krüger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, Elbaz A. Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:267-282. [PMID: 34633332 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. METHODS We used summary statistics from publicly available studies to estimate the association of genetic polymorphisms with lifestyle behaviors, and from Courage-PD (7,369 cases, 7,018 controls; European ancestry) to estimate the association of these variants with PD. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to compute odds ratios (ORIVW) of PD and 95%confidence intervals (CI). Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p = 0.017). RESULTS We found a significant inverse association between smoking initiation and PD (ORIVW per 1-SD increase in the prevalence of ever smoking = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.60-0.93, p = 0.009) without significant directional pleiotropy. Associations in participants ≤67 years old and cases with disease duration ≤7 years were of a similar size. No significant associations were observed for alcohol and coffee drinking. In reverse MR, genetic liability toward PD was not associated with smoking or coffee drinking but was positively associated with alcohol drinking. CONCLUSION Our findings are in favor of an inverse association between smoking and PD that is not explained by reverse causation, confounding, and survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Genetic liability toward PD was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusions on the association of alcohol and coffee drinking with PD are hampered by insufficient statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Océane Mohamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Berta Portugal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick May
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Dheeraj R Bobbili
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.,MeGeno S.A, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center For Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Connor Edsall
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Estonia.,Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Eugénie Mutez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog- Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Angela B Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Georges M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimos Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Zecchinelli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Brighina
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Gagliardi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pierre Kolber
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bart Pc van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea C Belin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellberg
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl E Clarke
- University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matt J Farrer
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.,Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Parkinson's Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health", CESP, Villejuif, France
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17
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Behl T, Madaan P, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Chigurupati S, Alrashdi I, Bungau SG. Elucidating the Neuroprotective Role of PPARs in Parkinson's Disease: A Neoteric and Prospective Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10161. [PMID: 34576325 PMCID: PMC8467926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the utmost frequently emerging neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) must be comprehended through the forfeit of dopamine (DA)-generating nerve cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). The etiology and pathogenesis underlying the emergence of PD is still obscure. However, expanding corroboration encourages the involvement of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of PD. The destruction of numerous cellular components, namely oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction, autophagy-lysosome system dysfunction, neuroinflammation and programmed cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction partake in the pathogenesis of PD. Present-day pharmacotherapy can alleviate the manifestations, but no therapy has been demonstrated to cease disease progression. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-directed transcription factors pertaining to the class of nuclear hormone receptors (NHR), and are implicated in the modulation of mitochondrial operation, inflammation, wound healing, redox equilibrium, and metabolism of blood sugar and lipids. Numerous PPAR agonists have been recognized to safeguard nerve cells from oxidative destruction, inflammation, and programmed cell death in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, various investigations suggest that regular administration of PPAR-activating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen, indomethacin), and leukotriene receptor antagonists (montelukast) were related to the de-escalated evolution of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review elucidates the emerging evidence enlightening the neuroprotective outcomes of PPAR agonists in in vivo and in vitro models experiencing PD. Existing articles up to the present were procured through PubMed, MEDLINE, etc., utilizing specific keywords spotlighted in this review. Furthermore, the authors aim to provide insight into the neuroprotective actions of PPAR agonists by outlining the pharmacological mechanism. As a conclusion, PPAR agonists exhibit neuroprotection through modulating the expression of a group of genes implicated in cellular survival pathways, and may be a propitious target in the therapy of incapacitating neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Piyush Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz 616, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz 616, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Alrashdi
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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18
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Carvajal-Oliveros A, Domínguez-Baleón C, Zárate RV, Campusano JM, Narváez-Padilla V, Reynaud E. Nicotine suppresses Parkinson's disease like phenotypes induced by Synphilin-1 overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9579. [PMID: 33953275 PMCID: PMC8099903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that there is a lower Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence in tobacco users. Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist and is the principal psychoactive compound in tobacco linked to cigarette addiction. Different studies have shown that nicotine has beneficial effects on sporadic and genetic models of PD. In this work we evaluate nicotine's protective effect in a Drosophila melanogaster model for PD where Synphilin-1 (Sph-1) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons. Nicotine has a moderate effect on dopaminergic neuron survival that becomes more evident as flies age. Nicotine is beneficial on fly survival and motility increasing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, suggesting that cholinergic agonists may promote survival and metabolic function of the dopaminergic neurons that express Sph-1. The Sph-1 expressing fly is a good model for the study of early-onset phenotypes such as olfaction loss one of the main non-motor symptom related to PD. Our data suggest that nicotine is an interesting therapeutic molecule whose properties should be explored in future research on the phenotypic modulators of the disease and for the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carvajal-Oliveros
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Baleón
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Rafaella V Zárate
- Laboratorio Neurogenética de la Conducta, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge M Campusano
- Laboratorio Neurogenética de la Conducta, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Narváez-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reynaud
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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19
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Zhao J, Li Y, Li Y, Xu S, Tao T, Hua Y, Zhang J, Fan Y. Activation of α7-nAChRs Promotes the Clearance of α-Synuclein and Protects Against Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Exogenous α-Synuclein Fibrils. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637319. [PMID: 33718373 PMCID: PMC7947362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) have been shown to increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Finding some way to reduce the aggregation of αSyn is particularly important for the treatment of PD. The main route in prion-like αSyn spreading is the cholinergic innervated vagus nervous system and central cholinergic neurons. Since the degenerative changes and death of cholinergic neurons also run through the pathological process of PD, we hypothesize an involvement of the cholinergic system in αSyn aggregation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) are one of the most abundant nAChRs in the mammalian brain. Using nicotine and a selective α7-nAChRs agonist PNU-282987, we found a protective effect of α7-nAChRs on the cell damage induced by αSyn-PFF (preformed fibrils) through inhibiting apoptotic cell death. We further discovered an additive effect of α7-nAChRs on the clearance of αSyn in normal and αSyn stably transduced SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, using α7-nAChRs knockout mice, we noticed that α7-nAChRs deficiency increased the deposition of αSyn and aggravated the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a chronic MPTP mouse model of PD. Our findings for the first time indicated that α7-nAChRs activation exhibited a neuroprotective effect on αSyn pathology and aggregation by promoting the clearance of αSyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Hsu CC, Su YF, Tsai KY, Kuo FC, Chiang CF, Chien CY, Chen YC, Lee CH, Wu YC, Wang K, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 32669976 PMCID: PMC7350738 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of neuronal protein γ-synuclein (SNCG) in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not clear. This study tested the hypothesis that SNCG is involved in nicotine-induced malignant behaviors of OSCC. The effect of nicotine on SNCG expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were examined. Methods Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and an antagonist specific for α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) were used to examine the role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the effects of nicotine. Knockdown of SNCG in nicotine-treated cells was performed to investigate the role of SNCG in cancer malignancy. The in vivo effect of nicotine was examined using a nude mouse xenotransplantation model. Results Nicotine increased SNCG expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression. After specific knockdown of α7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated. Silencing of SNCG abolished nicotine-induced invasion and migration of OSCC cells. The xenotransplantation model revealed that nicotine augmented tumor growth and SNCG expression. Conclusion Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the α7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500 Taiwan.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
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21
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Targeting the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:453-463. [PMID: 32132659 PMCID: PMC7468250 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.
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22
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Iarkov A, Barreto GE, Grizzell JA, Echeverria V. Strategies for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Dopamine. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:4. [PMID: 32076403 PMCID: PMC7006457 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra alongside the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein-positive inclusions. Therapies to date have been directed to the restoration of the dopaminergic system, and the prevention of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the midbrain. This review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in PD as well as new and prospective therapies for the disease. The current data suggest that prevention or early treatment of PD may be the most effective therapeutic strategy. New advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD predict the development of more personalized and integral therapies in the years to come. Thus, the development of more reliable biomarkers at asymptomatic stages of the disease, and the use of genetic profiling of patients will surely permit a more effective treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Iarkov
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Alex Grizzell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
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23
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Han C, Lu Y, Cheng H, Wang C, Chan P. The impact of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and second-hand smoke on the onset of Parkinson disease: a review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2019; 179:100-110. [PMID: 31770719 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term exposure to particulate and gaseous air pollution (AP) may trigger the development of Parkinson disease (PD), but this association remains controversial. The relationship between second-hand smoke (SS) and PD risk is also inconclusive. We aimed to systematically review epidemiological studies investigating the association between these AP exposures and PD risk. STUDY DESIGN This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship of ambient AP and SS with PD risk. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched. We used a random-effects model to derive pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per increment in pollutant concentration. The studied AP included particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxides (NO2, NOx), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). RESULTS In total, 21 studies with 222,051 patients with PD were eligible for inclusion. We found marginally significant increased risk of PD with per 10-μg/m3 increase in concentration of PM2.5 (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.98-1.19), NO2 (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.99-1.07), and O3 (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.02). A positive but non-significant association was also detected for CO (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, an inverse PD-SS relationship was noted irrespective of exposure occasions and timing (at home: RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.95; at work: RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.57-1.17; in children: RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.76-1.08). Both sensitivity and subgroup analyses generated results comparable with those of the overall analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 might contribute to higher risk of PD, whereas SS conferring reduced PD risk. Public and environmental health strategies that aim at reducing outdoor AP levels might reduce the burden of PD. More prospective cohort studies with personal exposure measurements are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - H Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Huangpi District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 48 Banqiao Road, Huangpi District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - C Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - P Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratories for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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24
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Zhou ZD, Xie SP, Saw WT, Ho PGH, Wang H, Lei Z, Yi Z, Tan EK. The Therapeutic Implications of Tea Polyphenols Against Dopamine (DA) Neuron Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Cells 2019; 8:cells8080911. [PMID: 31426448 PMCID: PMC6721683 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Accumulative evidence indicated that the pathologically accumulated metal ions (iron species and Mn3+) and abnormally up-regulated monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) activity induced oxidation of endogenous dopamine (DA) can lead to mitochondria impairment, lysosome dysfunction, proteasome inhibition, and selective DA neuron vulnerability, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The DA oxidation can generate deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) and highly reactive DA quinones (DAQ) to induce DA-related toxicity, which can be alleviated by DA oxidation suppressors, ROS scavengers, DAQ quenchers, and MAOB inhibitors. On the other hand, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Keap1 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) anti-oxidative and proliferative signaling pathways play roles in anti-oxidative cell defense and mitochondria biogenesis, which is implicated in DA neuron protections. Therefore, agents with capabilities to suppress DA-related toxicity including inhibition of DA oxidation, scavenge of ROS, detoxification of DAQ, inhibition of MAOB, and modulations of anti-oxidative signaling pathways can be protective to DA neurons. Accumulative evidence shows that tea or coffee consumptions and smoking are related to deceased PD prevalence with unknown mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the protective capabilities of tea polyphenols and other PD relevant agents to inhibit DA-related toxicity and protect against environmental or genetic factors induced DA neuron degeneration in vitro and in vivo. We find that tea polyphenols can significantly suppress DA-related toxicity to protect DA neurons. The tea polyphenols can protect DA neurons via inhibition of DA oxidation, conjugation with DAQ, scavenge of ROS, inhibition of MAOB, and modulations of Nrf2-Keap1 and PGC-1α anti-oxidative signaling pathways. The tea polyphenols with more phenolic hydroxyl groups and ring structures have stronger protective functions. The protective capabilities of tea polyphenols is further strengthened by evidence that phenolic hydroxyl groups can directly conjugate with DAQ. However, GSH and other sulfhydyl groups containing agents have weaker capabilities to abrogate DA oxidation, detoxify ROS and DAQ and inhibit MAOB; whereas nicotine (NICO) and caffeine (CAF) can only modulate Nrf2-Keap1 and PGC-1α pathways to protect DA neurons weakly. The tea polyphenols are identified to protect against overexpression of mutant A30P α-synuclein (α-syn) induced DA neuron degeneration and PD-like symptoms in transgenic Drosophila. Based on achievements from current studies, the excellent and versatile protective capabilities of tea polyphenols are highlighted, which will contribute and benefit to future anti-PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Shao Ping Xie
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wuan Ting Saw
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Patrick Ghim Hoe Ho
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Zhou Lei
- Ocular Proteomics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Zhao Yi
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
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25
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Pérez-Pi I, Evans DA, Horrocks MH, Pham NT, Dolt KS, Koszela J, Kunath T, Auer M. α-Synuclein-Confocal Nanoscanning (ASYN-CONA), a Bead-Based Assay for Detecting Early-Stage α-Synuclein Aggregation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5582-5590. [PMID: 30964656 PMCID: PMC6534341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
α-Synuclein
fibrils are considered a hallmark of Parkinson’s
disease and other synucleinopathies. However, small oligomers that
formed during the early stages of α-synuclein aggregation are
thought to be the main toxic species causing disease. The formation
of α-synuclein oligomers has proven difficult to follow, because
of the heterogeneity and transient nature of the species formed. Here,
a novel bead-based aggregation assay for monitoring the earliest stages
of α-synuclein oligomerization, α-Synuclein–Confocal
Nanoscanning (ASYN-CONA), is presented. The α-synuclein A91C
single cysteine mutant is modified with a trifunctional chemical tag,
which allows simultaneous fluorescent labeling with a green dye (tetramethylrhodamine,
TMR) and attachment to microbeads. Beads with bound TMR-labeled α-synuclein
are then incubated with a red dye (Cy5)-labeled variant of α-synuclein
A91C, and EtOH (20%) to induce aggregation. Aggregation is detected
by confocal scanning imaging, below the equatorial plane of the beads,
which is known as the CONA technique. On-bead TMR-labeled α-synuclein
and aggregated Cy5-labeled α-synuclein from the solution are
quantitatively monitored in parallel by detection of fluorescent halos
or “rings”. α-Synuclein on-bead oligomerization
results in a linear increase of red bead ring fluorescence intensity
over a period of 5 h. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
was performed on oligomers cleaved from the beads, and it revealed
that (i) oligomers are sufficiently stable in solution to investigate
their composition, consisting of 6 ± 1 monomer units, and (ii)
oligomers containing a mean of 15 monomers bind Thioflavin-T. Various
known inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation were used to validate
the ASYN-CONA assay for drug screening. Baicalein, curcumin, and rifampicin
showed concentration-dependent inhibition of the α-synuclein
aggregation and the IC50 (the concentration of the compound
at which the maxiumum intensity was reduced by one-half) were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pérez-Pi
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF , United Kingdom
| | - David A Evans
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF , United Kingdom
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute , University of Edinburgh , Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School , Edinburgh EH16 4SB , United Kingdom
| | - Nhan T Pham
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF , United Kingdom
| | - Karamjit S Dolt
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH16 4UU , United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Koszela
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF , United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH16 4UU , United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Auer
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3BF , United Kingdom
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26
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Oliveri V. Toward the discovery and development of effective modulators of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:10-36. [PMID: 30743095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of human diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies, are suspected to be directly linked to protein aggregation. Amyloid protein aggregates and oligomeric intermediates of α-synuclein are observed in synucleinopathies and considered to be mediators of cellular toxicity. Hence, α-synuclein has seen as one of the leading and most compelling targets and is receiving a great deal of attention from researchers. Nevertheless, there is no neuroprotective approach directed toward Parkinson's disease or other synucleinopathies so far. In this review, we summarize the available data concerning inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation and their advancing towards clinical use. The compounds are grouped according to their chemical structures, providing respective insights into their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Overall, shared structure-activity elements are emerging, as well as specific binding modes related to the ability of the modulators to establish hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds interactions with the protein. Some molecules with encouraging in vivo data support the possibility of translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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27
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Subramaniam SR, Magen I, Bove N, Zhu C, Lemesre V, Dutta G, Elias CJ, Lester HA, Chesselet MF. Chronic nicotine improves cognitive and social impairment in mice overexpressing wild type α-synuclein. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:170-180. [PMID: 29859873 PMCID: PMC6051902 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to dopaminergic and motor deficits, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from non-motor symptoms, including early cognitive and social impairment, that do not respond well to dopaminergic therapy. Cholinergic deficits may contribute to these problems, but cholinesterase inhibitors have limited efficacy. Mice over-expressing α-synuclein, a protein critically associated with PD, show deficits in cognitive and social interaction tests, as well as a decrease in cortical acetylcholine. We have evaluated the effects of chronic administration of nicotine in mice over-expressing wild type human α-synuclein under the Thy1-promoter (Thy1-aSyn mice). Nicotine was administered subcutaneously by osmotic minipump for 6 months from 2 to 8 months of age at 0.4 mg/kg/h and 2.0 mg/kg/h. The higher dose was toxic in the Thy1-aSyn mice, but the low dose was well tolerated and both doses ameliorated cognitive impairment in Y-maze performance after 5 months of treatment. In a separate cohort of Thy1-aSyn mice, nicotine was administered at the lower dose for one month beginning at 5 months of age. This treatment partially eliminated the cognitive deficit in novel object recognition and social impairment. In contrast, chronic nicotine did not improve motor deficits after 2, 4 or 6 months of treatment, nor modified α-synuclein aggregation, tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, synaptic and dendritic markers, or microglial activation in Thy1-aSyn mice. These results suggest that cognitive and social impairment in synucleinopathies like PD may result from deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission and may benefit from chronic administration of nicotinic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar R Subramaniam
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Iddo Magen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Bove
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Garima Dutta
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Jean Elias
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Chesselet
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Yang F, Pedersen NL, Ye W, Liu Z, Norberg M, Forsgren L, Trolle Lagerros Y, Bellocco R, Alfredsson L, Knutsson A, Jansson JH, Wennberg P, Galanti MR, Lager ACJ, Araghi M, Lundberg M, Magnusson C, Wirdefeldt K. Moist smokeless tobacco (Snus) use and risk of Parkinson's disease. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:872-880. [PMID: 27940486 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. It is unclear what constituent of tobacco smoke may lower the risk. Use of Swedish moist smokeless tobacco (snus) can serve as a model to disentangle what constituent of tobacco smoke may lower the risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether snus use was associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Methods Individual participant data were collected from seven prospective cohort studies, including 348 601 men. We used survival analysis with multivariable Cox regression to estimate study-specific relative risk of Parkinson's disease due to snus use, and random-effects models to pool estimates in a meta-analysis. The primary analyses were restricted to never-smokers to eliminate the potential confounding effect of tobacco smoking. Results During a mean follow-up time of 16.1 years, 1199 incident Parkinson's disease cases were identified. Among men who never smoked, ever-snus users had about 60% lower Parkinson's disease risk compared with never-snus users [pooled hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.61]. The inverse association between snus use and Parkinson's disease risk was more pronounced in current (pooled HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23-0.63), moderate-heavy amount (pooled HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.90) and long-term snus users (pooled HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.83). Conclusions Non-smoking men who used snus had a substantially lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Results also indicated an inverse dose-response relationship between snus use and Parkinson's disease risk. Our findings suggest that nicotine or other components of tobacco leaves may influence the development of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Norberg
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton C J Lager
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzieh Araghi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lundberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Passive smoking and Parkinson's disease in California Teachers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 45:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Recent advances in discovery and development of natural products as source for anti-Parkinson's disease lead compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:257-272. [PMID: 29031072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Although the cause remains unknown, several pathological processes and central factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, inflammatory reactions, abnormal deposition of α-synuclein, and cell apoptosis have been reported. Currently, anti-PD drugs are classified into two major groups: drugs that affect dopaminergic neurons and anti-cholinergic drugs. Unfortunately, the existing conventional strategies against PD are with numerous side effects, and cannot fundamentally improve the degenerative process of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which have a novel structure, high efficiency, and fewer side effects are needed. For many years, natural products have provided an efficient resource for the discovery of potential therapeutic agents. Among them, many natural products possess anti-PD properties as a result of not only their wellrecognized anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities but also their inhibitory roles regarding protein misfolding and the regulatory effects of PD related pathways. Indeed, with the steady improvement in the technologies for the isolation and purification of natural products and the in-depth studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of PD, many monomer components of natural products that have anti-PD effects have been gradually discovered. In this article, we reviewed the research status of 37 natural products that have been discovered to have significant anti-PD effects as well as their mode of action. Overall, this review may guide the design of novel therapeutic drugs in PD.
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31
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Campêlo CLC, Cagni FC, de Siqueira Figueredo D, Oliveira LG, Silva-Neto AB, Macêdo PT, Santos JR, Izídio GS, Ribeiro AM, de Andrade TG, de Oliveira Godeiro C, Silva RH. Variants in SNCA Gene Are Associated with Parkinson's Disease Risk and Cognitive Symptoms in a Brazilian Sample. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:198. [PMID: 28676755 PMCID: PMC5476777 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility contributes to the etiology of sporadic Parkinson's Disease (PD) and worldwide studies have found positive associations of polymorphisms in the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) with the risk for PD. However, little is known about the influence of variants of SNCA in individual traits or phenotypical aspects of PD. Further, there is a lack of studies with Latin-American samples. We evaluated the association between SNCA single nucleotide polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs - rs2583988, rs356219, rs2736990, and rs11931074) and PD risk in a Brazilians sample. In addition, we investigated their potential interactions with environmental factors and specific clinical outcomes (motor and cognitive impairments, depression, and anxiety). A total of 105 PD patients and 101 controls participated in the study. Single locus analysis showed that the risk allele of all SNPs were more frequent in PD patients (p < 0.05), and the associations of SNPs rs2583988, rs356219, and rs2736990 with increased PD risk were confirmed. Further, the G-rs356219 and C-rs2736990 alleles were associated with early onset PD. T-rs2583988, G-rs356219 and C-2736990 alleles were significantly more frequent in PD patients with cognitive impairments than controls in this condition. In addition, in a logistic regression model, we found an association of cognitive impairment with PD, and the practice of cognitive activity and smoking habits had a protective effect. This study shows for the first time an association of SNCA polymorphism and PD in a South-American sample. In addition, we found an interaction between SNP rs356219 and a specific clinical outcome, i.e., the increased risk for cognitive impairment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa L C Campêlo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Cagni
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz G Oliveira
- Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila T Macêdo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - José R Santos
- Bioscience Department, Universidade Federal de SergipeItabaiana, Brazil
| | - Geison S Izídio
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago G de Andrade
- Molecular Biology and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Federal de AlagoasArapiraca, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de AlagoasMaceió, Brazil
| | | | - Regina H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Kardani J, Sethi R, Roy I. Nicotine slows down oligomerisation of α-synuclein and ameliorates cytotoxicity in a yeast model of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1454-1463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Liu Z, Roosaar A, Axéll T, Ye W. Tobacco Use, Oral Health, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:538-545. [PMID: 28338925 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the associations between use of Swedish moist snuff (snus), associated poor oral health, and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). We followed 20,175 participants who were free of PD in 1973-1974 in Uppsala, Sweden, until the end of 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the associations between tobacco use, oral health indicators, and PD risk. We found that tobacco use was associated with a lower risk of PD in males. Compared with males who never used any tobacco daily, pure ever tobacco smokers, pure ever snus users, and combined users had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.93; n = 83), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.95; n = 11), and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.67; n = 3), respectively. No association was observed for number of teeth, dental plaque, or detectable oral mucosal lesions and PD risk, although there was a suggestive association with Candida-related oral mucosal lesions in males (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.65; P = 0.098). Use of snus is associated with a lower risk of PD in males, while poor oral health seems not to be associated with PD occurrence.
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Abstract
This article summarizes (1) the recent achievements to further improve symptomatic therapy of motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms, (2) the still-few attempts to systematically search for symptomatic therapy of non-motor symptoms in PD, and (3) the advances in the development and clinical testing of compounds which promise to offer disease modification in already-manifest PD. However, prevention (that is, slowing or stopping PD in a prodromal stage) is still a dream and one reason for this is that we have no consensus on primary endpoints for clinical trials which reflect the progression in prodromal stages of PD, such as in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) —a methodological challenge to be met in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Munich, Germany
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35
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Role of Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors in Development, Plasticity, and Neuroprotection in Human iPSC-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1054-1067. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Ingelsson M. Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers-Neurotoxic Molecules in Parkinson's Disease and Other Lewy Body Disorders. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:408. [PMID: 27656123 PMCID: PMC5011129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse intra- and extracellular effects of toxic α-synuclein are believed to be central to the pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease and other disorders with Lewy body pathology in the nervous system. One of the physiological roles of α-synuclein relates to the regulation of neurotransmitter release at the presynapse, although it is still unclear whether this mechanism depends on the action of monomers or smaller oligomers. As for the pathogenicity, accumulating evidence suggest that prefibrillar species, rather than the deposits per se, are responsible for the toxicity in affected cells. In particular, larger oligomers or protofibrils of α-synuclein have been shown to impair protein degradation as well as the function of several organelles, such as the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulating evidence further suggest that oligomers/protofibrils may have a toxic effect on the synapse, which may lead to disrupted electrophysiological properties. In addition, recent data indicate that oligomeric α-synuclein species can spread between cells, either as free-floating proteins or via extracellular vesicles, and thereby act as seeds to propagate disease between interconnected brain regions. Taken together, several lines of evidence suggest that α-synuclein have neurotoxic properties and therefore should be an appropriate molecular target for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease and other disorders with Lewy pathology. In this context, immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against α-synuclein oligomers/protofibrils should be a particularly attractive treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ingelsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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Oertel W, Schulz JB. Current and experimental treatments of Parkinson disease: A guide for neuroscientists. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:325-337. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology; Hertie-Senior Research Professorship; Philipps University Marburg; Baldingerstrasse; Marburg Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics; Helmholtz Institute for Health and Environment; München Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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Scheperjans F, Pekkonen E, Kaakkola S, Auvinen P. Linking Smoking, Coffee, Urate, and Parkinson's Disease - A Role for Gut Microbiota? JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:255-62. [PMID: 25882059 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still obscure, there is evidence for lifestyle factors influencing disease risk. Best established are the inverse associations with smoking and coffee consumption. In other contexts there is evidence that health effects of lifestyle factors may depend on gut microbiome composition. Considering the gastrointestinal involvement in PD, it was recently speculated, that the associations between smoking, coffee, and PD risk could be mediated by gut microbiota. Here we review such a possible mediatory role of gut microbiota taking into account recent findings on microbiome composition in PD and extending the scope also to urate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Scheperjans
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pekkonen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Kaakkola
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Elbaz A, Carcaillon L, Kab S, Moisan F. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Protective Mechanisms of Flavonoids in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:314560. [PMID: 26576219 PMCID: PMC4630416 DOI: 10.1155/2015/314560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region in human midbrain. To date, oxidative stress is the well accepted concept in the etiology and progression of Parkinson's disease. Hence, the therapeutic agent is targeted against suppressing and alleviating the oxidative stress-induced cellular damage. Within the past decades, an explosion of research discoveries has reported on the protective mechanisms of flavonoids, which are plant-based polyphenols, in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease using both in vitro and in vivo models. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of flavonoids in protecting the dopaminergic neurons hence reducing the symptoms of this movement disorder. The mechanism reviewed includes effect of flavonoids in activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, suppressing the lipid peroxidation, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, flavonoids as a mitochondrial target therapy, and modulation of gene expression in neuronal cells.
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41
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Dutta D, Mohanakumar KP. Tea and Parkinson's disease: Constituents of tea synergize with antiparkinsonian drugs to provide better therapeutic benefits. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Li X, Li W, Liu G, Shen X, Tang Y. Association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:510-6. [PMID: 26272284 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with smoking, and determine whether gender, source of controls, dose of smoking, and year of studies modify the observed effects of smoking on PD. METHODS Available publications between 1959 and 2014 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link and Web of Science databases were searched and carefully selected. Relative risks RR of specific study were weighted to obtain a pooled RR estimate and its 95% confidence interval CI. RESULTS 61 case-control and 8 cohort studies were included. The pooled RR of PD was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.56-0.62) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. The stratified analyses indicated a somewhat greater impact of smoking on PD risk in cohort studies than in case-control studies, the protective effect was relatively significant in men more than in women and the inverse effect was slightly greater in hospital-based studies than in population-based studies. Furthermore, a significant inverse dose-response relationship was observed for the number of pack-years smoked. The summary RR for those smoking more than 30 pack-years was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49-0.88), and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.29-0.53) for those smoking less than 30 pack-years. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the inverse association between cigarette smoking and the risk of PD. We suggest that effective drugs for PD might be developed using chemical substances derived from tobacco or tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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43
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Nors Perdersen M, Foderà V, Horvath I, van Maarschalkerweerd A, Nørgaard Toft K, Weise C, Almqvist F, Wolf-Watz M, Wittung-Stafshede P, Vestergaard B. Direct Correlation Between Ligand-Induced α-Synuclein Oligomers and Amyloid-like Fibril Growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10422. [PMID: 26020724 PMCID: PMC4603703 DOI: 10.1038/srep10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins into amyloid deposits is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The suggestion that intermediate oligomeric species may be cytotoxic has led to intensified investigations of pre-fibrillar oligomers, which are complicated by their transient nature and low population. Here we investigate alpha-synuclein oligomers, enriched by a 2-pyridone molecule (FN075), and the conversion of oligomers into fibrils. As probed by leakage assays, the FN075 induced oligomers potently disrupt vesicles in vitro, suggesting a potential link to disease related degenerative activity. Fibrils formed in the presence and absence of FN075 are indistinguishable on microscopic and macroscopic levels. Using small angle X-ray scattering, we reveal that FN075 induced oligomers are similar, but not identical, to oligomers previously observed during alpha-synuclein fibrillation. Since the levels of FN075 induced oligomers correlate with the amounts of fibrils among different FN075:protein ratios, the oligomers appear to be on-pathway and modeling supports an 'oligomer stacking model' for alpha-synuclein fibril elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nors Perdersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Istvan Horvath
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas van Maarschalkerweerd
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Nørgaard Toft
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Weise
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | | | | | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Moran VE. Beneficial effects of nicotine, cotinine and its metabolites as potential agents for Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:340. [PMID: 25620929 PMCID: PMC4288130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neuronal cell death and motor dysfunction, and for which there are no proven effective treatments. The negative correlation between tobacco consumption and PD suggests that tobacco-derived compounds can be beneficial against PD. Nicotine, the more studied alkaloid derived from tobacco, is considered to be responsible for the beneficial behavioral and neurological effects of tobacco use in PD. However, several metabolites of nicotine, such as cotinine, also increase in the brain after nicotine administration. The effect of nicotine and some of its derivatives on dopaminergic neurons viability, neuroinflammation, and motor and memory functions, have been investigated using cellular and rodent models of PD. Current evidence shows that nicotine, and some of its derivatives diminish oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain and improve synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons. In vivo these effects resulted in improvements in mood, motor skills and memory in subjects suffering from PD pathology. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of nicotine and its derivatives for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Alexander Iarkov
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Echeverria Moran
- Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay Pines, FL, USA ; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Tampa, FL, USA
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Athauda D, Foltynie T. The ongoing pursuit of neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 11:25-40. [PMID: 25447485 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many agents developed for neuroprotective treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) have shown great promise in the laboratory, but none have translated to positive results in patients with PD. Potential neuroprotective drugs, such as ubiquinone, creatine and PYM50028, have failed to show any clinical benefits in recent high-profile clinical trials. This 'failure to translate' is likely to be related primarily to our incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD, and excessive reliance on data from toxin-based animal models to judge which agents should be selected for clinical trials. Restricted resources inevitably mean that difficult compromises must be made in terms of trial design, and reliable estimation of efficacy is further hampered by the absence of validated biomarkers of disease progression. Drug development in PD dementia has been mostly unsuccessful; however, emerging biochemical, genetic and pathological evidence suggests a link between tau and amyloid-β deposition and cognitive decline in PD, potentially opening up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. This Review discusses the most important 'druggable' disease mechanisms in PD, as well as the most-promising drugs that are being evaluated for their potential efficiency in treatment of motor and cognitive impairments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Athauda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Tavassoly O, Kakish J, Nokhrin S, Dmitriev O, Lee JS. The use of nanopore analysis for discovering drugs which bind to α-synuclein for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 88:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a contributory factor in the death of 50% of individuals who are regular or heavy smokers (The Office of Tobacco Control Ireland defines a regular smoker as someone who smokes 11-20 per day and a heavy smoker as someone who smokes 21 or more cigarettes per day). The World Health Organisation (WHO) regards tobacco smoking as the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. In Ireland, approximately 750,000 people smoke tobacco regularly (23.5% of the population) with 7,000 Irish people dying annually from smoking-related causes. Although there are no exact figures for prevalence rates of smoking in individuals with mental illness in Ireland, international studies unequivocally state that the prevalence of smoking is significantly higher in those with mental illness, with greater nicotine intake and increased prevalence of nicotine dependence also reported. Furthermore people with mental illness experience greater withdrawal symptoms and have lower cessation rates when attempting to stop smoking compared to the general population.
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Tavassoly O, Nokhrin S, Dmitriev OY, Lee JS. Cu(II) and dopamine bind to α-synuclein and cause large conformational changes. FEBS J 2014; 281:2738-53. [PMID: 24725464 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (AS) is an intrinsically disordered protein that can misfold and aggregate to form Lewy bodies in dopaminergic neurons, a classic hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The binding of Cu(II) and dopamine to AS was evaluated by nanopore analysis with α-hemolysin. In the absence of Cu(II), wild-type AS (1 μM) readily translocated through the pore with a blockade current of--85 pA, but mostly bumping events were observed in the presence of 25 μM Cu(II). A binding site in the N-terminus was confirmed, because Cu(II) had no effect on the event profile of a peptide consisting of the C-terminal 96-140 residues. In the presence of dopamine (25 μM), the translocation events at--85 pA shifted to--80 pA, which also represents translocation events, because the event time decreases with increasing voltage. Events at--80 pA were also observed for the mutant A30P AS in the presence of dopamine. Event profiles for an N-terminal 1-60-residue peptide and a C-terminal 96-140-residue peptide were both altered in the presence of 25 μM dopamine. In contrast, dopamine had little effect on the CD spectrum of AS, and a single binding site with a Ka of 3.5 × 10(3) m(-1) was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Thus, dopamine can interact with both the N-terminus and the C-terminus. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of AS in the presence of dopamine showed that there were significant changes in the spectra in all regions of the protein. According to these findings, a model is presented in which dopamine induces folding between the N-terminus and C-terminus of AS. Partially folding conformations such as this may represent important intermediates in the misfolding of AS that leads to fibrillization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Tavassoly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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APOE and LRPAP1 gene polymorphism and risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1075-81. [PMID: 24504617 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic findings suggest that lipids and alteration in lipid metabolizing protein/gene may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the current study was to determine the serum lipid levels and genetic variation in two lipid metabolizing genes, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein (LRPAP1) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study included 70 patients with PD and 100 age-matched controls. LRPAP1 and APOE gene polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Fasting serum lipid levels were determined using an autoanalyser. The logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of serum cholesterol [odds ratio (OR) = 1.101, 95 % confidence interval (CI95%) = 1.067-1.135], LRPAP1 I allelic variant alone (OR = 2.766, CI95% = 1.137-6.752) and in combination with APOE ε4 allelic variant (OR = 4.187, CI95% = 1.621-10.82) were significantly associated with increase in PD risk. Apart from that, the high levels of LDL cholesterol appears to have a protective role (OR = 0.931, CI95% = 0.897-0.966) against PD. The LRPAP1 I allelic variant may be considered a candidate gene for PD, predominantly in patients having the APOE ε4 allelic variant.
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Thiriez C, Villafane G, Grapin F, Fenelon G, Remy P, Cesaro P. Can nicotine be used medicinally in Parkinson’s disease? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 4:429-36. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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