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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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Palui R, Sridharan K, Kamalanathan S, Sahoo J, Naik D. Growth hormone and gastrointestinal malignancy: An intriguing link. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2023; 14:1-11. [PMID: 36743656 PMCID: PMC9896462 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) excess is associated with several systemic complications, one of which is the increased risk of neoplastic processes particularly of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Among the GI neoplasms, the most reported association is with benign and malignant neoplasms of the colon. In the majority of published literature, an increased incidence of GI neoplasms, both colonic adenomas as well as colorectal carcinoma is reported. However, the studies on colon cancer-specific mortality rate are conflicting with recent studies reporting similar cancer-specific mortality rates in comparison to controls. Many studies have reported an association of colorectal neoplasms with GH levels. Pathogenic mechanisms put forward to explain this association of GH excess and GI neoplasms primarily involve the increased GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling. Both GH and IGF-1 have proliferative, anti-apoptotic, and angiogenic effects on the systemic tissues leading to cellular proliferation. Other contributing factors to the increased risk of GI neoplasms include slow intestinal transit with a redundant large bowel, altered bile acids, deranged local immune response, shared genetic susceptibility factors and hyperinsulinemia. In view of the increased risk association, most guidelines for the care of acromegaly patients recommend an initial screening colonoscopy. Recommendations for further follow-up colonoscopy differ but broadly, the guidelines agree that it depends on the findings at first colonoscopy and state of remission of GH excess. Regarding the concern about the risk of colorectal cancers in patients receiving recombinant GH therapy, most cohort studies do not show an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Palui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyani Sridharan
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
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Gong X, Liu X. In-depth analysis of the expression and functions of signal transducers and activators of transcription in human ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1054647. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1054647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSignal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, a family of genes encoding transcription factors, have been linked to the development of numerous types of tumors. However, there is a relative paucity of a comprehensive investigation of the expression and functional analysis of STATs in ovarian cancer (OV).MethodGene expression profile interaction analysis (GEPI2A), Metascape, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Linkedomics, and CancerSEA databases were used for expression analysis and functional enrichment of STATs in ovarian cancer patients. We screened potential predictive genes and evaluated their prognostic value by constructing the minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox proportional risk regression model. We explored STAT5A expression and its effects on cell invasion using ovarian cancer cells and a tissue microarray.ResultsThe expression level of STAT1 was higher, but that of STAT2-6 was lower in cancerous ovarian tissues compared to normal tissues, which were closely associated with the clinicopathological features. Low STAT1, high STAT4, and 6 mRNA levels indicated high overall survival. STAT1, 3, 4, and 5A were collectively constructed as prognostic risk models. STAT3, and 5A, up-regulating in the high-risk group, were regarded as risk genes. In subsequent validation, OV patients with a low level of P-STAT5A but not low STAT5A had a longer survival time (P=0.0042). Besides, a negative correlation was found between the expression of STAT5A and invasion of ovarian cancer cells (R= -0.38, p < 0.01), as well as DNA repair function (R= -0.36, p < 0.01). Furthermore, transient overexpression of STAT5A inhibited wound healing (21.8%, P<0.0001) and cell migration to the lower chamber of the Transwell system (29.3%, P<0.0001), which may be achieved by regulating the expression of MMP2.ConclusionIt is suggested that STAT1, STAT4, and STAT6 may be potential targets for the proper treatment of ovarian cancer. STAT5A and P-STAT5A, biomarkers identified in ovarian cancer, may offer new perspectives for predicting prognosis and assessing therapeutic effects.
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Yang Y, Luo D, Shao Y, Shan Z, Liu Q, Weng J, He W, Zhang R, Li Q, Wang Z, Li X. circCAPRIN1 interacts with STAT2 to promote tumor progression and lipid synthesis via upregulating ACC1 expression in colorectal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 43:100-122. [PMID: 36328987 PMCID: PMC9859733 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated by back-splicing of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) are often aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has revealed that circRNAs play a critical role in the progression of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the current understandings of the emerging functions of circRNAs in CRC lipid metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still limited. Here, we aimed to explore the role of circCAPRIN1 in regulating CRC lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. METHODS circRNA microarray was performed with three pairs of tumor and non-tumor tissues from CRC patients. The expression of circRNAs were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The endogenous levels of circRNAs in CRC cells were manipulated by transfection with lentiviruses overexpressing or silencing circRNAs. The regulatory roles of circRNAs in the occurrence of CRC were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using gene expression array, RNA pull-down/mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Among circRNAs, circCAPRIN1 was most significantly upregulated in CRC tissue specimens. circCAPRIN1 expression was positively correlated with the clinical stage and unfavorable prognosis of CRC patients. Downregulation of circCAPRIN1 suppressed proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, while circCAPRIN1 overexpression had opposite effects. RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis indicated that circCAPRIN1 upregulated the expressions of genes involved in CRC lipid metabolism. Moreover, circCAPRIN1 promoted lipid synthesis by enhancing Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression. Further mechanistic assays demonstrated that circCAPRIN1 directly bound signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) to activate ACC1 transcription, thus regulating lipid metabolism and facilitating CRC tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed the oncogenic role and mechanism of circCAPRIN1 in CRC. circCAPRIN1 interacted with STAT2 to promote CRC tumor progression and lipid synthesis by enhancing the expression of ACC1. circCAPRIN1 may be considered as a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Dakui Luo
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China,Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Junyong Weng
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Weijing He
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200071P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032P. R. China,Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
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Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O'Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Li Z, Chen C, Chen L, Hu D, Yang X, Zhuo W, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhou Y, Mao M, Zhang X, Xu L, Ju S, Shen J, Wang Q, Dong M, Xie S, Wei Q, Jia Y, Zhou J, Wang L. STAT5a Confers Doxorubicin Resistance to Breast Cancer by Regulating ABCB1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697950. [PMID: 34336684 PMCID: PMC8320598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a daunting challenge to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5a plays vital roles in the development of various cancers, but its function in breast cancer is controversial, and its role in chemoresistance in breast cancer remains unexplored. Here we identified STAT5a as a chemoresistance inducer that regulates the expression of ABCB1 in breast cancer and can be targeted by pimozide, an FDA-approved psychotropic drug. First, we found that STAT5a and ABCB1 were expressed at higher levels in doxorubicin-resistant cell lines and chemoresistant patients, and their expression was positively correlated. Then, we confirmed the essential roles of STAT5a and ABCB1 in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells and the regulation of ABCB1 transcription by STAT5a. Subsequently, the efficacy of pimozide in inhibiting STAT5a and sensitizing doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells was tested. Finally, we verified the role of STAT5a in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer and the efficacy of pimozide in reversing this resistance in vivo. Our study demonstrated the vital role of STAT5a in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. Targeting STAT5a might be a promising strategy for treating doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer. Moreover, repurposing pimozide for doxorubicin resensitization is attractive due to the safety profile of pimozide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengdi Hu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiqian Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Breast Surgical Department, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjun Dong
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuduo Xie
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Pimozide and Imipramine Blue Exploit Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities and Reactive Oxygen Species to Cooperatively Target High Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060956. [PMID: 34203664 PMCID: PMC8232307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a high relapse rate. Cytokine receptor targeted therapies are therapeutically attractive but are subject to resistance-conferring mutations. Likewise, targeting downstream signaling pathways has been difficult. Recent success in the development of synergistic combinations has provided new hope for refractory AML patients. While generally not efficacious as monotherapy, BH3 mimetics are very effective in combination with chemotherapy agents. With this in mind, we further explored novel BH3 mimetic drug combinations and showed that pimozide cooperates with mTOR inhibitors and BH3 mimetics in AML cells. The three-drug combination was able to reach cells that were not as responsive to single or double drug combinations. In Flt3-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-positive cells, we previously showed pimozide to be highly effective when combined with imipramine blue (IB). Here, we show that Flt3-ITD+ cells are sensitive to an IB-induced dynamin 1-like (Drp1)-p38-ROS pathway. Pimozide contributes important calcium channel blocker activity converging with IB on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Overall, these data support the concept that antioxidants are a double-edged sword. Rationally designed combination therapies have significant promise for further pre-clinical development and may ultimately lead to improved responses.
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Zhang XN, Wu LJ, Kong X, Zheng BY, Zhang Z, He ZW. Regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1513-1523. [PMID: 33728295 PMCID: PMC7942047 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It has spread rapidly through China and many other countries, causing a global pandemic. Since February 2020, over 28 countries/regions have reported confirmed cases. Individuals with the infection known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have similar clinical features as severe acute respiratory syndrome first encountered 17 years ago, with fever, cough, and upper airway congestion, along with high production of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), which form a cytokine storm. PICs induced by COVID-19 include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The production of cytokines is regulated by activated nuclear factor-kB and involves downstream pathways such as Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators transcription. Protein expression is also regulated by post-translational modification of chromosomal markers. Lysine residues in the peptide tails stretching out from the core of histones bind the sequence upstream of the coding portion of genomic DNA. Covalent modification, particularly methylation, activates or represses gene transcription. PICs have been reported to be induced by histone modification and stimulate exudation of hyaluronic acid, which is implicated in the occurrence of COVID-19. These findings indicate the impact of the expression of PICs on the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long-Ji Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bi-Ying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 531000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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A centric view of JAK/STAT5 in intestinal homeostasis, infection, and inflammation. Cytokine 2021; 139:155392. [PMID: 33482575 PMCID: PMC8276772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, growth factors or hormones take action through the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating the intestinal response to infection and inflammation. However, the way in which STAT5 regulates intestinal epithelial compartment is largely ignored due to the lack of genetic tools for proper exploration and because the two STAT5 transcription factors (STAT5A and STAT5B) have some redundant but also distinct functions. In this review article, by focusing on STAT5 functions in the intestinal undifferentiated and differentiated epithelia, we discuss major advances of the growth factor/cytokine-JAK/STAT5 research in view of intestinal mucosal inflammation and immunity. We highlight the gap in the research of the intestinal STAT5 signaling to anticipate the gastrointestinal explorative insights. Furthermore, we address the critical questions to illuminate how STAT5 signaling influences intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and stem cell regeneration during homeostasis and injury. Overall, our article provides a centric view of the relevance of the relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and JAK/STAT5 pathway and it also gives an example of how chronic infection and inflammation pirate STAT5 signaling to worsen intestinal injuries. Importantly, our review suggests how to protect a wound healing from gastrointestinal diseases by modulating intestinal STAT5.
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10
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Zhu X, Liao Y, Tang L. Targeting BRD9 for Cancer Treatment: A New Strategy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13191-13200. [PMID: 33380808 PMCID: PMC7769155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) is a newly identified subunit of the non-canonical barrier-to-autointegration factor (ncBAF) complex and a member of the bromodomain family IV. Studies have confirmed that BRD9 plays an oncogenic role in multiple cancer types, by regulating tumor cell growth. The tumor biological functions of BRD9 are mainly due to epigenetic modification mediated by its bromodomain. The bromodomain recruits the ncBAF complex to the promoter to regulate gene transcription. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of action of BRD9 in carcinogenesis and the emerging strategies for targeting BRD9 for cancer therapeutics. Although the therapeutic potential of BRD9 has been exploited to some extent, research on the detailed biological mechanisms of BRD9 is still in its infancy. Therefore, targeting BRD9 to study its biological roles will be an attractive tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but it remains a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Gasparyan M, Lo MC, Jiang H, Lin CC, Sun D. Combined p53- and PTEN-deficiency activates expression of mesenchyme homeobox 1 (MEOX1) required for growth of triple-negative breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12188-12202. [PMID: 32467227 PMCID: PMC7443492 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype for which effective therapies are unavailable. TNBC has a high frequency of tumor protein p53 (Tp53/p53)- and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deficiencies, and combined p53- and PTEN-deficiency is associated with poor prognosis and poor response to anticancer therapies. In this study, we discovered that combined p53- and PTEN-deficiency in TNBC activates expression of the transcription factor mesenchyme homeobox 1 (MEOX1). We found that MEOX1 is expressed only in TNBC cells with frequent deficiencies in p53 and PTEN, and that its expression is undetectable in luminal A, luminal B, and HER2+ subtypes, as well as in normal breast cells with wild-type (WT) p53 and PTEN. Notably, siRNA knockdown of both p53 and PTEN activated MEOX1 expression in breast cancer cells, whereas individual knockdowns of either p53 or PTEN had only minimal effects on MEOX1 expression. MEOX1 knockdown abolished cell proliferation of p53- and PTEN-deficient TNBC in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo, but had no effect on the proliferation of luminal and HER2+ cancer cells and normal breast cells. RNA-Seq and immunoblotting analyses showed that MEOX1 knockdown decreased expression of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B), and STAT6 in p53- and PTEN-deficient TNBC cells. These results reveal the effects of combined p53- and PTEN-deficiency on MEOX1 expression and TNBC cell proliferation, suggesting that MEOX1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for managing p53- and PTEN-deficient TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Gasparyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miao-Chia Lo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chang-Ching Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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12
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Kim GC, Lee CG, Verma R, Rudra D, Kim T, Kang K, Nam JH, Kim Y, Im SH, Kwon HK. ETS1 Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Human Breast Cancer via Trans-Activation of Canonical Tumor Suppressor Genes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:642. [PMID: 32477936 PMCID: PMC7239993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS1 has shown dichotomous roles as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene in diverse cancers, but its functionality in breast cancer tumorigenesis still remains unclear. We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze comprehensive functions of ETS1 in human breast cancer (BRCA) patients by investigating its expression patterns and methylation status in relation to clinical prognosis. ETS1 expression was significantly diminished by hyper-methylation of the ETS1 promoter region in specimens from BRCA patients compared to a healthy control group. Moreover, ETS1high BRCA patients showed better prognosis and longer survival compared to ETS1low BRCA patients. Consistent with clinical evidence, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA based perturbation of ETS1 expression revealed direct as well as indirect mechanisms of ETS1 that hinder tumorigenesis of BRCA cells. Taken together, our study enlightens a novel function of ETS1 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Cheon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Nam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Dutta P, Zhang L, Zhang H, Peng Q, Montgrain PR, Wang Y, Song Y, Li J, Li WX. Unphosphorylated STAT3 in heterochromatin formation and tumor suppression in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:145. [PMID: 32087696 PMCID: PMC7036253 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant JAK/STAT activation has been detected in many types of human cancers. The role of JAK/STAT activation in cancer has been mostly attributed to direct transcriptional regulation of target genes by phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), while the unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) is believed to be dormant and reside in the cytoplasm. However, several studies have shown that uSTATs can be found in the nucleus. In addition, it has been shown that tissue-specific loss of STAT3 or STAT5 in mice promotes cancer growth in certain tissues, and thus these STAT proteins can act as tumor suppressors. However, no unifying mechanism has been shown for the tumor suppressor function of STATs to date. We have previously demonstrated a non-canonical mode of JAK/STAT signaling for Drosophila STAT and human STAT5A, where a fraction of uSTAT is in the nucleus and associated with Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1); STAT activation (by phosphorylation) causes its dispersal, leading to HP1 delocalization and heterochromatin loss. METHODS We used a combination of imaging, cell biological assays, and mouse xenografts to investigate the role of STAT3 in lung cancer development. RESULTS We found that uSTAT3 has a function in promoting heterochromatin formation in lung cancer cells, suppressing cell proliferation in vitro, and suppressing tumor growth in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Thus, uSTAT3 possesses noncanonical function in promoting heterochromatin formation, and the tumor suppressor function of STAT3 is likely attributable to the heterochromatin-promoting activity of uSTAT3 in the non-canonical JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranabananda Dutta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Phillippe R Montgrain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, CA92037, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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14
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Watanabe D, Okada K, Ishida S, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X Downregulates JAK2-V617F and Induces Apoptosis Synergistically with BH3 Mimetics Preferentially in Ruxolitinib-Persistent JAK2-V617F-Positive Leukemic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020406. [PMID: 32050632 PMCID: PMC7072561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2-V617F plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm. However, its inhibitor ruxolitinib has shown limited clinical efficacies because of the ruxolitinib-persistent proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. We here demonstrate that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 or EOAI3402143 (G9) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis more efficiently in cells dependent on JAK2-V617F than on cytokine-activated JAK2. WP1130 preferentially downregulated activated and autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F by enhancing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and inducing its aggresomal translocation to block downstream signaling. Furthermore, JAK2-V617F associated physically with USP9X in leukemic HEL cells. Induction of apoptosis by inhibition of USP9X was mediated through the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway, synergistically enhanced by BH3 mimetics, prevented by overexpression of Bcl-xL, and required oxidative stress to activate stress-related MAP kinases p38 and JNK as well as DNA damage responses in HEL cells. Although autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F was resistant to WP1130 in the ruxolitinib-persistent HEL-R cells, these cells expressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at lower levels and showed an increased sensitivity to WP1130 as well as BH3 mimetics as compared with ruxolitinib-naive HEL cells. Thus, USP9X represents a promising target along with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for novel therapeutic strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly under the ruxolitinib persistence conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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16
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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17
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Ernst S, Müller-Newen G. Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111815. [PMID: 31752278 PMCID: PMC6895884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are transcription factors that in the latent state are located predominantly in the cytoplasm. Activation of STATs through phosphorylation of a single tyrosine residue results in nuclear translocation. The requirement of tyrosine phosphorylation for nuclear accumulation is shared by all STAT family members but mechanisms of nuclear translocation vary between different STATs. These differences offer opportunities for specific intervention. To achieve this, the molecular mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of STATs need to be understood in more detail. In this review we will give an overview on the various aspects of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of latent and activated STATs with a special focus on STAT3 and STAT5. Potential targets for cancer treatment will be identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Confocal Microscopy Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Maurer B, Kollmann S, Pickem J, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Sexl V. STAT5A and STAT5B-Twins with Different Personalities in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1726. [PMID: 31690038 PMCID: PMC6895831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B have essential roles in survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells-which have been considered largely redundant. Mutations of upstream kinases, copy number gains, or activating mutations in STAT5A, or more frequently in STAT5B, cause altered hematopoiesis and cancer. Interfering with their activity by pharmacological intervention is an up-and-coming therapeutic avenue. Precision medicine requests detailed knowledge of STAT5A's and STAT5B's individual functions. Recent evidence highlights the privileged role for STAT5B over STAT5A in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we provide an overview on their individual functions within the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Pickem
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Igelmann S, Neubauer HA, Ferbeyre G. STAT3 and STAT5 Activation in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101428. [PMID: 31557897 PMCID: PMC6826753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 and 5 proteins are activated by many cytokine receptors to regulate specific gene expression and mitochondrial functions. Their role in cancer is largely context-dependent as they can both act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We review here the role of STAT3/5 activation in solid cancers and summarize their association with survival in cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms that underpin the oncogenic activity of STAT3/5 signaling include the regulation of genes that control cell cycle and cell death. However, recent advances also highlight the critical role of STAT3/5 target genes mediating inflammation and stemness. In addition, STAT3 mitochondrial functions are required for transformation. On the other hand, several tumor suppressor pathways act on or are activated by STAT3/5 signaling, including tyrosine phosphatases, the sumo ligase Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3), the E3 ubiquitin ligase TATA Element Modulatory Factor/Androgen Receptor-Coactivator of 160 kDa (TMF/ARA160), the miRNAs miR-124 and miR-1181, the Protein of alternative reading frame 19 (p19ARF)/p53 pathway and the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1/3) proteins. Cancer mutations and epigenetic alterations may alter the balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities associated with STAT3/5 signaling, explaining their context-dependent association with tumor progression both in human cancers and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Igelmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- CRCHUM, 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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20
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Dihydrotestosterone promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation by activating the STAT5 pathway via androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2293-2301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Del Gaudio N, Di Costanzo A, Liu NQ, Conte L, Migliaccio A, Vermeulen M, Martens JHA, Stunnenberg HG, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. BRD9 binds cell type-specific chromatin regions regulating leukemic cell survival via STAT5 inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 31000698 PMCID: PMC6472371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is characterized by genetic and epigenetic mutations resulting in selection of cancer cells, which are unable to differentiate. Although genetic alterations are difficult to target, the epigenome is intrinsically dynamic and readily offers new therapeutic strategies. Thus, identifying cancer-specific context-dependent targets and unraveling their biological function may open up new therapeutic perspectives. Here we identify bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) as a critical target required in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that BRD9 is overexpressed in AML cells including ex vivo primary blasts compared with CD34+ cells. By targeting BRD9 expression in AML, we observed an alteration in proliferation and survival, ultimately resulting in the induction of apoptosis. Intriguingly, genome-wide profiling revealed that BRD9 binds enhancer regions in a cell type-specific manner, regulating cell type-related processes. We unveil a novel BRD9-sustained STAT5 pathway activation via regulation of SOCS3 expression levels. Our findings identify a previously undescribed BRD9-STAT5 axis as critical for leukemia maintenance, suggesting BRD9 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonella Di Costanzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ning Qing Liu
- Division Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidio Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
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22
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Zhang W, Liang X, Gong Y, Xiao C, Guo B, Yang T. The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5B (STAT5B) Gene Promotes Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells by Activating the Akt Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2599-2608. [PMID: 30964854 PMCID: PMC6474296 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. Fludarabine is used alone or in combination for relapsed and advanced-stage MCL. The expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) gene is associated with tumorigenesis in solid tumors, but its role in MCL remains unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of STAT5B in GRANTA-519 human mantle cell lymphoma cells and drug resistance. Material/Methods GRANTA-519 human mantle cell lymphoma cells were cultured with and without 10 μM fludarabine dephosphorylated 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine, (2-F-araA) or 10 μM 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). The MTT assay assessed cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the cell cycle in MCL cells treated with the specific inhibitor of the Akt pathway, LY294002, and assessed cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of p-Akt/Akt and STAT5B/p-STAT5B. The gene expression profiles of lymph node (LN)-derived MCL cells were compared with peripheral blood (PB)-derived lymphocytes using bioinformatics and hierarchical cluster analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of the marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) gene. Results STAT5B was significantly upregulated in LN-derived MCL cells compared with PB lymphocytes. Increased expression of STAT5B was associated with increased MCL cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis and was associated with drug resistance and activation of Akt. Conclusions STAT5B promoted cell proliferation and drug resistance in human MCL cells by activating the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiping Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Bingling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Abstract
Acromegaly results in a significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and respiratory complications, as well as malignancies arising mainly from the colon. Furthermore, an increased lifetime risk of malignant transformation of pre-malignant colonic lesions relates to a worse overall prognosis from colorectal cancer, which is currently considered a major disease-related complication. In this review we provide some insight into colonic changes in this condition, summarize current knowledge and evidence on the use of colonoscopic screening in patients with acromegaly, and suggest a recommended screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dworakowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetes, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Guys Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Endocard LTD, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dorota Dworakowska
| | - Ashley B. Grossman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Zhao X, Xu Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Shi H, Zhu H, Woo M, Wu X. Involvement of the STAT5-cyclin D/CDK4-pRb pathway in β-cell proliferation stimulated by prolactin during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E135-E144. [PMID: 30512986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo a compensatory expansion in response to the state of insulin resistance, where prolactin (PRL) plays a major role. Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) has been shown to critically regulate islet proliferation and function. The aim of the study was to explore the role of Rb in β-cell mass expansion during pregnancy. Expression of pocket protein family and E2Fs were examined in mouse islets during pregnancy and in insulinoma cells (INS-1) stimulated by PRL. PRL-stimulated INS-1 cells were used to explore the signaling pathway that regulates Rb downstream of the PRL receptor. Pancreas-specific Rb-knockout (Rb-KO) mice were assessed to evaluate the in vivo function of Rb in β-cell proliferation during pregnancy. During pregnancy, expression of Rb, phospho-Rb (p-Rb), p107, and E2F1 increased, while p130 decreased in maternal islets. With PRL stimulation, induction of Rb expression occurred mainly in the nucleus, while p-Rb was predominantly in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of STAT5 significantly restrained the expression of CDK4, Rb, p-Rb, and E2F1 in PRL-stimulated INS-1 cells with attenuation in cell cycle progression. Reduction of Rb phosphorylation by CDK4 inhibition blocked PRL-mediated proliferation of INS-1 cells. On the other hand, knockdown of Rb using siRNA led to an induction in E2F1 leading to cell cycle progression from G1 to S and G2/M phase, similar to the effects of PRL-mediated induction of p-Rb that led to cell proliferation. With Rb knockdown, PRL did not lead to further increase in cell cycle progression. Similarly, while Rb-KO pregnant mice displayed better glucose tolerance and higher insulin secretion, they had similar β-cell mass and proliferation to wild-type pregnant controls, supporting the essential role of Rb suppression in augmenting β-cell proliferation during pregnancy. Rb-E2F1 regulation plays a pivotal role in PRL-stimulated β-cell proliferation. PRL promotes Rb phosphorylation and E2F1 upregulation via STAT5-cyclin D/CDK4 pathway during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
- Department of Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab of Public Platform, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Houxia Shi
- Lab of Public Platform, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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25
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Zahra M, Azzazy H, Moustafa A. Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Hepatitis C Virus-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14234. [PMID: 30250040 PMCID: PMC6155139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transcriptional regulatory elements that influence the progression of liver disease in the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is critical for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Systems biology provides a roadmap by which these elements may be integrated. In this study, a previously published dataset of 124 microarray samples was analyzed in order to determine differentially expressed genes across four tissue types/conditions (normal, cirrhosis, cirrhosis HCC, and HCC). Differentially expressed genes were assessed for their functional clustering and those genes were annotated with their potential transcription factors and miRNAs. Transcriptional regulatory networks were constructed for each pairwise comparison between the 4 tissue types/conditions. Based on our analysis, it is predicted that the disruption in the regulation of transcription factors such as AP-1, PPARγ, and NF-κB could contribute to the liver progression from cirrhosis to steatosis and eventually to HCC. Whereas the condition of the liver digresses, the downregulation of miRNAs' (such as miR-27, Let-7, and miR-106a) expression makes the transition of the liver through each pathological stage more apparent. This preliminary data can be used to guide future experimental work. An understanding of the transcriptional regulatory attributes acts as a road map to help design interference strategies in order to target the key regulators of progression of HCV induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Zahra
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Azzazy
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, School of Sciences & Engineering, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Biology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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26
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Ishida S, Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Okada K, Nogami A, Oshikawa G, Nagao T, Miura O. Mechanisms for mTORC1 activation and synergistic induction of apoptosis by ruxolitinib and BH3 mimetics or autophagy inhibitors in JAK2-V617F-expressing leukemic cells including newly established PVTL-2. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26834-26851. [PMID: 29928488 PMCID: PMC6003557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The activated JAK2-V617F mutant is very frequently found in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and its inhibitor ruxolitinib has been in clinical use, albeit with limited efficacies. Here, we examine the signaling mechanisms from JAK2-V617F and responses to ruxolitinib in JAK2-V617F-positive leukemic cell lines, including PVTL-2, newly established from a patient with post-MPN secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and the widely used model cell line HEL. We have found that ruxolitinib downregulated the mTORC1/S6K/4EBP1 pathway at least partly through inhibition of the STAT5/Pim-2 pathway with concomitant downregulation of c-Myc, MCL-1, and BCL-xL as well as induction of autophagy in these cells. Ruxolitinib very efficiently inhibited proliferation but only modestly induced apoptosis. However, inhibition of BCL-xL/BCL-2 by the BH3 mimetics ABT-737 and navitoclax or BCL-xL by A-1331852 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis involving activation of Bak and Bax synergistically with ruxolitinib in HEL cells. On the other hand, the putative pan-BH3 mimetic obatoclax as well as chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 inhibited autophagy at its late stage and induced apoptosis in PVTL-2 cells synergistically with ruxolitinib. The present study suggests that autophagy as well as the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, regulated at least partly by the mTORC1 pathway downstream of STAT5/Pim-2, protects JAK2-V617F-positive leukemic cells from ruxolitinib-induced apoptosis depending on cell types and may contribute to development of new strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Implications of STAT3 and STAT5 signaling on gene regulation and chromatin remodeling in hematopoietic cancer. Leukemia 2018; 32:1713-1726. [PMID: 29728695 PMCID: PMC6087715 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 proteins are oncogenic downstream mediators of the JAK–STAT pathway. Deregulated STAT3 and STAT5 signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival in conjunction with other core cancer pathways. Nuclear phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 regulate cell-type-specific transcription profiles via binding to promoter elements and exert more complex functions involving interaction with various transcriptional coactivators or corepressors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The JAK–STAT pathway can rapidly reshape the chromatin landscape upon cytokine, hormone, or growth factor stimulation and unphosphorylated STAT proteins also appear to be functional with respect to regulating chromatin accessibility. Notably, cancer genome landscape studies have implicated mutations in various epigenetic modifiers as well as the JAK–STAT pathway as underlying causes of many cancers, particularly acute leukemia and lymphomas. However, it is incompletely understood how mutations within these pathways can interact and synergize to promote cancer. We summarize the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions downstream of cytokine signaling and provide details on prerequisites for DNA binding and gene transcription. We also discuss key interactions of STAT3 and STAT5 with chromatin remodeling factors such as DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers, cofactors, corepressors, and other transcription factors.
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28
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Circulating microRNA124-3p, microRNA9-3p and microRNA196b-5p may be potential signatures for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84165-84177. [PMID: 27705935 PMCID: PMC5356652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to develop an effective auxiliary approach to distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) from benign nodules because a considerable proportion cannot be identified by fine-needle aspiration cytology at present, resulting in unnecessary thyroidectomy. Circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis of tumors. We aimed to investigate the dysregulation of circulating miRNAs in PTC and evaluate the diagnostic value for differentiation of PTC from benign nodules. We first assessed the expression of miRNAs in patients with PTC, patients with benign nodules and healthy controls using a miRCURY LNA Array (n = 3 for each group). Expression of circulating miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p and miR-5691 was significantly up-regulated, while miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p were down-regulated in PTC patients. The dysregulation of miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p, miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p was further validated by qRT-PCR in fifty participants from each group. The expression of circulating miR-124-3p and miR-9-3p was significantly up-regulated in PTC patients. Both miR-124-3p and miR-9-3p could distinguish PTC from benign nodules with high sensitivity and specificity. There were no significant differences in the expression of circulating miR-4701 and miR-196b-5p between PTC patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, patients with benign nodules showed a higher level of miR-196b-5p compared with that of PTC patients and healthy controls. ROC analysis indicated that miR-196b-5p had a good diagnostic value for differentiation of benign nodules from PTC. Our study suggested that miR-124-3p, miR-9-3p and miR-196b-5p may be potential signatures for differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in eastern coastal areas of China.
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29
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Lin X, Zou X, Wang Z, Fang Q, Chen S, Huang J, Zhe N, Yu M, Zhang Y, Wang J. Targeting of heme oxygenase-1 attenuates the negative impact of Ikaros isoform 6 in adult BCR-ABL1-positive B-ALL. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53679-53701. [PMID: 27447561 PMCID: PMC5288214 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and dominant-negative Ikaros isoform 6 (IK6) is unclear. Firstly, we detected that IK6 existed in 20 of 42 (47.6%) adult BCR-ABL1-positive B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1-positive B-ALL) by using reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. IK6-positive patients had an unfavorable outcome compared with IK6-negative ones. Further study showed that the level of HO-1 expression was higher in IK6-positive patients' samples than that in IK6-negative ones. And there was a strong correlation between the expression of IK6 and HO-1. The growth of primary CD34+ leukemic cells derived from our IK6-positive patients' pool was prohibited by silencing HO-1, further promoting their apoptosis. Furthermore, primary CD34+ leukemic cells derived from IK6-positive patients shown poor responses to imatinib in comparison with wild-type (IK1) patients, suggesting that the expression of IK6 resisted to imatinib in adult BCR-ABL1-positive B-ALL. Importantly, inhibition of HO-1 also increased their sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Finally, we found that IK6 activated downstream STAT5, and HO-1 was one of the downstream target genes of STAT5. In conclusion, HO-1 is an essential survival factor in BCR-ABL1-positive B-ALL with IK6, and targeting HO-1 can attenuate the negative impact of IK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Nana Zhe
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Meisheng Yu
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Guiyang 550004, China
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30
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Pham HTT, Maurer B, Prchal-Murphy M, Grausenburger R, Grundschober E, Javaheri T, Nivarthi H, Boersma A, Kolbe T, Elabd M, Halbritter F, Pencik J, Kazemi Z, Grebien F, Hengstschläger M, Kenner L, Kubicek S, Farlik M, Bock C, Valent P, Müller M, Rülicke T, Sexl V, Moriggl R. STAT5BN642H is a driver mutation for T cell neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:387-401. [PMID: 29200404 PMCID: PMC5749501 DOI: 10.1172/jci94509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT5B is often mutated in hematopoietic malignancies. The most frequent STAT5B mutation, Asp642His (N642H), has been found in over 90 leukemia and lymphoma patients. Here, we used the Vav1 promoter to generate transgenic mouse models that expressed either human STAT5B or STAT5BN642H in the hematopoietic compartment. While STAT5B-expressing mice lacked a hematopoietic phenotype, the STAT5BN642H-expressing mice rapidly developed T cell neoplasms. Neoplasia manifested as transplantable CD8+ lymphoma or leukemia, indicating that the STAT5BN642H mutation drives cancer development. Persistent and enhanced levels of STAT5BN642H tyrosine phosphorylation in transformed CD8+ T cells led to profound changes in gene expression that were accompanied by alterations in DNA methylation at potential histone methyltransferase EZH2-binding sites. Aurora kinase genes were enriched in STAT5BN642H-expressing CD8+ T cells, which were exquisitely sensitive to JAK and Aurora kinase inhibitors. Together, our data suggest that JAK and Aurora kinase inhibitors should be further explored as potential therapeutics for lymphoma and leukemia patients with the STAT5BN642H mutation who respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Thanh Pham
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Grundschober
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harini Nivarthi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria (Biat), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Mohamed Elabd
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Halbritter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pencik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahra Kazemi
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, and.,Ludwig Boltzmann-Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Autocrine hGH stimulates oncogenicity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like behavior in human colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103900-103918. [PMID: 29262609 PMCID: PMC5732775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor derived human growth hormone (hGH) has been implicated in cancer development and progression. However, the specific functional role of autocrine/paracrine hGH in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely to be determined. Herein, we demonstrated a crucial oncogenic role of autocrine hGH in CRC progression. Elevated hGH expression was detected in CRC compared to normal colorectal tissue, and hGH expression in CRC was positively associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Forced expression of hGH stimulated cell proliferation, survival, oncogenicity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells, and promoted xenograft growth and local invasion in vivo. Autocrine hGH expression in CRC cells stimulated the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, which in turn resulted in increased transcription of the mesenchymal marker FIBRONECTIN 1 and transcriptional repression of the epithelial marker E-CADHERIN. The autocrine hGH-stimulated increase in CRC cell proliferation, cell survival and EMT was abrogated upon ERK1/2 inhibition. Furthermore, autocrine hGH-stimulated CRC cell migration and invasion was dependent on the ERK1/2-mediated increase in FIBRONECTIN 1 expression and decrease in E-CADHERIN expression. Forced expression of hGH also enhanced CSC-like behavior of CRC cells, as characterized by increased colonosphere formation, ALDH-positive population and CSC marker expression. Autocrine hGH-enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in CRC cells was also observed to be E-CADHERIN-dependent. Thus, autocrine hGH plays a critical role in CRC progression, and inhibition of hGH could be a promising targeted therapeutic approach to limit disease progression in metastatic CRC patients.
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32
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Hong SY. DNA damage response is hijacked by human papillomaviruses to complete their life cycle. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:215-232. [PMID: 28271657 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is activated when DNA is altered by intrinsic or extrinsic agents. This pathway is a complex signaling network and plays important roles in genome stability, tumor transformation, and cell cycle regulation. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the main etiological agents of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 200 types of HPVs have been identified and about one third of these infect the genital tract. The HPV life cycle is associated with epithelial differentiation. Recent studies have shown that HPVs deregulate the DDR to achieve a productive life cycle. In this review, I summarize current findings about how HPVs mediate the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) and the ATM-and RAD3-related kinase (ATR) DDRs, and focus on the roles that ATM and ATR signalings play in HPV viral replication. In addition, I demonstrate that the signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT)-5, an important immune regulator, can promote ATM and ATR activations through different mechanisms. These findings may provide novel opportunities for development of new therapeutic targets for HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Hong
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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33
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Ren Z, Aerts JL, Vandenplas H, Wang JA, Gorbenko O, Chen JP, Giron P, Heirman C, Goyvaerts C, Zacksenhaus E, Minden MD, Stambolic V, Breckpot K, De Grève J. Phosphorylated STAT5 regulates p53 expression via BRCA1/BARD1-NPM1 and MDM2. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2560. [PMID: 28005077 PMCID: PMC5260985 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) are critical regulators of multiple biological and pathological processes. Although a reciprocal regulatory relationship was established between STAT5A and a NPM–ALK fusion protein in T-cell lymphoma, no direct connection between STAT5 and wild-type NPM1 has been documented. Here we demonstrate a mutually regulatory relationship between STAT5 and NPM1. Induction of STAT5 phosphorylation at Y694 (P-STAT5) diminished NPM1 expression, whereas inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation enhanced NPM1 expression. Conversely, NPM1 not only negatively regulated STAT5 phosphorylation but also preserved unphosphorylated STAT5 level. Mechanistically, we show that NPM1 downregulation by P-STAT5 is mediated by impairing the BRCA1-BARD1 ubiquitin ligase, which controls the stability of NPM1. In turn, decreased NPM1 levels led to suppression of p53 expression, resulting in enhanced cell survival. This study reveals a new STAT5 signaling pathway regulating p53 expression via NPM1 and uncovers new therapeutic targets for anticancer treatment in tumors driven by STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ren
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vandenplas
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jiance A Wang
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack P Chen
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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34
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Nanou A, Toumpeki C, Lavigne MD, Lazou V, Demmers J, Paparountas T, Thanos D, Katsantoni E. The dual role of LSD1 and HDAC3 in STAT5-dependent transcription is determined by protein interactions, binding affinities, motifs and genomic positions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:142-154. [PMID: 27651463 PMCID: PMC5224505 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 interacts with other factors to control transcription, and the mechanism of regulation is of interest as constitutive active STAT5 has been reported in malignancies. Here, LSD1 and HDAC3 were identified as novel STAT5a interacting partners in pro-B cells. Characterization of STAT5a, LSD1 and HDAC3 target genes by ChIP-seq and RNA-seq revealed gene subsets regulated by independent or combined action of the factors and LSD1/HDAC3 to play dual role in their activation or repression. Genes bound by STAT5a alone or in combination with weakly associated LSD1 or HDAC3 were enriched for the canonical STAT5a GAS motif, and such binding induced activation or repression. Strong STAT5 binding was seen more frequently in intergenic regions, which might function as distal enhancer elements. Groups of genes bound weaker by STAT5a and stronger by LSD1/HDAC3 showed an absence of the GAS motif, and were differentially regulated based on their genomic binding localization and binding affinities. These genes exhibited increased binding frequency in promoters, and in conjunction with the absence of GAS sites, the data indicate a requirement for stabilization by additional factors, which might recruit LSD1/HDAC3. Our study describes an interaction network of STAT5a/LSD1/HDAC3 and a dual function of LSD1/HDAC3 on STAT5-dependent transcription, defined by protein–protein interactions, genomic binding localization/affinity and motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Nanou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrisavgi Toumpeki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Lazou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Triantafillos Paparountas
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Fu B, Meng W, Zhao H, Zhang B, Tang H, Zou Y, Yao J, Li H, Zhang T. GRAM domain-containing protein 1A (GRAMD1A) promotes the expansion of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cell and hepatocellular carcinoma growth through STAT5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31963. [PMID: 27585821 PMCID: PMC5009375 DOI: 10.1038/srep31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause for cancer death worldwide, new prognostic factors and targets are critical for HCC treatment. Here, we found GRAMD1A was upregulated in HCC tissues, patients with high GRAMD1A levels had poor outcome, statistical analyses found GRAMD1A expression was positively correlated with pathologic differentiation and survival or mortality. It was an unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC patients. Functional analyses revealed GRAMD1A contributed to the self-renewal of HCC stem cells, resistance to chemotherapy and tumor growth of HCC determined by hepatosphere formation assay, side population (SP) analysis, TUNEL assay, soft agar growth ability assay and tumor growth model in vivo. Mechanism analyses found signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was the target of GRAMD1A, GRAMD1A regulated the target genes of STAT5 and the transcriptional activity of STAT5. Inhibition of STAT5 in indicated HCC cells overexpressing GRAMD1A suppressed the effects of GRAMD1A on the self-renewal of HCC stem cell, resistance to chemotherapy and tumor growth, suggesting GRAMD1A promoted the self-renewal of HCC stem cells and the development of HCC by increasing STAT5 level. GRAMD1A might be a useful biomarker and target for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Self Renewal/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
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37
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Wang Z, Medrzycki M, Bunting ST, Bunting KD. Stat5-deficient hematopoiesis is permissive for Myc-induced B-cell leukemogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28961-72. [PMID: 26338970 PMCID: PMC4745704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being an attractive molecular target for both lymphoid and myeloid leukemias characterized by activated tyrosine kinases, the molecular and physiological consequences of reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (Stat5) during leukemogenesis are not well known. Stat5 is a critical regulator of mouse hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and is essential for normal lymphocyte development. We report that pan-hematopoietic deletion in viable adult Vav1-Cre conditional knockout mice as well as Stat5abnull/null fetal liver transplant chimeras generated HSCs with reduced expression of quiescence regulating genes (Tie2, Mpl, Slamf1, Spi1, Cited2) and increased expression of B-cell development genes (Satb1, Dntt, Btla, Flk2). Using a classical murine B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) model, we demonstrate that these HSCs were also poised to produce a burst of B-cell precursors upon expression of Bcl-2 combined with oncogenic Myc. This strong selective advantage for leukemic transformation in the background of Stat5 deficient hematopoiesis was permissive for faster initiation of Myc-induced transformation to B-ALL. However, once established, the B-ALL progression in secondary transplant recipients was Stat5-independent. Overall, these studies suggest that Stat5 can play multiple important roles that not only preserve the HSC compartment but can limit accumulation of potential pre-leukemic lymphoid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Magdalena Medrzycki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Silvia T Bunting
- Department of Pathology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology-BMT, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
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Diamantopoulos PT, Sofotasiou M, Georgoussi Z, Giannakopoulou N, Papadopoulou V, Galanopoulos A, Kontandreopoulou E, Zervakis P, Pallaki P, Kalala F, Kyrtsonis MC, Dimitrakopoulou A, Vassilakopoulos T, Angelopoulou M, Spanakis N, Viniou NA. Prognostic significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 5b expression in Epstein-Barr virus-positive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2240-8. [PMID: 27367207 PMCID: PMC5055175 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have been intensively studied in hematologic malignancies, and the efficacy of agents against STATs in lymphomas is already under research. We investigated the expression of total STAT5 and STAT5b in peripheral blood samples of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in correlation with the presence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and its major oncoprotein (latent membrane protein 1, LMP1). The EBV load was measured in the peripheral blood by real-time PCR for the BXLF1 gene and the levels of LMP1 by PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was performed for total STAT5 and STAT5b in protein extracts. STAT5b was only expressed in patients (not in healthy subjects) and STAT5 but particularly STAT5b expression was correlated with the presence of the virus (77.3% vs. 51.2%, P = 0.006 for STAT5b) and to the expression of LMP1 (58.3% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.011 for STAT5b). Moreover, the expression of STAT5b and the presence of EBV and LMP1 were strongly negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients (log-rank test P = 0.011, 0.015, 0.006, respectively). Double positive (for EBV and STAT5b) patients had the lowest overall survival (log-rank test P = 0.013). This is the first report of a survival disadvantage of EBV+ patients with CLL, and the first time that STAT5b expression is correlated with survival. The correlation of STAT5 expression with the presence of the virus, along with our survival correlations defines a subgroup of patients with CLL that may benefit from anti-STAT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis T Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Sofotasiou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Giannakopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papadopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elina Kontandreopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zervakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalina Pallaki
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Fani Kalala
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Angelopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spanakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Noy N, Li L, Abola MV, Berger NA. Is retinol binding protein 4 a link between adiposity and cancer? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 23:39-46. [PMID: 26136304 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body. It has been shown in some studies that the level of circulating RBP4 increases with body mass, and the protein has been implicated as a mediator in the development of insulin resistance and the metabolic disease. Adipose tissue serves as another site of RBP4 synthesis, accounting for its designation as an adipokine. In addition to its function as a transport protein, RBP4 serves as a signaling molecule which, by binding to the membrane receptor STRA6, triggers downstream activation of pro-oncogenic pathways including JAK2/STAT3/5. Taken together, available information suggests the possibility that RBP4 may be a link between obesity and cancer.
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40
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Kaplan JB, Altman JK, Platanias LC. SNPing away to individualize induction therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:742-3. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Sumiyoshi H, Matsushita A, Nakamura Y, Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Naito Z, Uchida E. Suppression of STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells leads to attenuated gemcitabine chemoresistance, adhesion and invasion. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3216-26. [PMID: 27035235 PMCID: PMC4869940 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies based on the molecular biology of PDAC. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) are known to be activated in a variety of malignancies and involved in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, whereas the expression and biological role of STAT5b in PDAC are less clearly defined. In the present study, we examined the expression and role of STAT5b in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Expressions of STAT5b mRNA and protein were detected in eight kinds of pancreatic cancer cells. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that STAT5b is localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells is constitutively activated. STAT5b shRNA clones in PANC-1 cells, which express relatively high levels of STAT5b, exhibited reduced chemoresistance against gemcitabine, adhesion and invasion compared to sham. On the other hand, AsPC-1 and BxPC3 cells, which express relatively low levels of STAT5b, exhibited reduced chemoresistance compared to PANC-1 cells. Moreover, STAT5b overexpression clones in AsPC-1 cells exhibited increased chemoresistance compared to sham. STAT5b shRNA clones in PANC-1 cells were more sensitive to the proapoptotic actions of gemcitabine, as evidenced by PARP and cleaved caspase-3 activation. Gemcitabine also significantly reduced Bcl-xL levels in the STAT5b shRNA-expressing cells. We also investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of STAT5b expression of PDAC. Although a significant correlation between STAT5b expression and overall survival rates was not observed, a significant correlation with main pancreatic duct invasion was observed. These findings suggest that STAT5b confers gemcitabine chemoresistance and promotes cell adherence and invasiveness in pancreatic cancer cells. Targeting STAT5b may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsushita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Nogami A, Oshikawa G, Okada K, Fukutake S, Umezawa Y, Nagao T, Kurosu T, Miura O. FLT3-ITD confers resistance to the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors by protecting the mTOR/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway through STAT5 activation in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9189-205. [PMID: 25826077 PMCID: PMC4496211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD are the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the former associated with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway more efficiently in hematopoietic 32D cells driven by FLT3-TKD (32D/TKD) than FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD), which robustly activated STAT5. The resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 was gained by expression of the constitutively activated STAT5 mutant STAT5A1*6 in 32D/TKD cells, while it was abrogated by the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide in 32D/ITD cells or FLT3-ITD-expressing human leukemic MV4-11 cells. GDC-0941 or MK-2206 induced dephosphorylation of 4EBP1 more conspicuously in 32D/TKD than in 32D/ITD, which was prevented or augmented by STAT5A1*6 or pimozide, respectively, and correlated with downregulation of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex formation and Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, exogenous expression of Mcl-1 endowed resistance to GDC-0941 and MK-2206 on 32D/TKD cells. Finally, it was confirmed in primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD that pimozide enhanced 4EBP1 dephosphorylation and Mcl-1 downregulation to augment cytotoxicity of GDC-0941. These data suggest that the robust STAT5 activation by FLT3-ITD protects cells treated with the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors from apoptosis by maintaining Mcl-1 expression through the mTORC1/4EBP1/eIF4E pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusaku Fukutake
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kurosu
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang J, Rouse C, Jasper JS, Pendergast AM. ABL kinases promote breast cancer osteolytic metastasis by modulating tumor-bone interactions through TAZ and STAT5 signaling. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra12. [PMID: 26838548 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in up to 70% of advanced breast cancer. For most patients with breast cancer, bone metastases are predominantly osteolytic. Interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the bone microenvironment drive osteolytic bone metastasis, a process that requires the activation of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone. We report that ABL kinases promoted metastasis of breast cancer cells to bone by regulating the crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. ABL kinases protected tumor cells from apoptosis induced by TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), activated the transcription factor STAT5, and promoted osteolysis through the STAT5-dependent expression of genes encoding the osteoclast-activating factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Furthermore, in breast cancer cells, ABL kinases increased the abundance of the Hippo pathway mediator TAZ and the expression of TAZ-dependent target genes that promote bone metastasis. Knockdown of ABL kinases or treatment with ABL-specific allosteric inhibitor impaired osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer cells in mice. These findings revealed a role for ABL kinases in regulating tumor-bone interactions and provide a rationale for using ABL-specific inhibitors to limit breast cancer metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Clay Rouse
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeff S Jasper
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Liberzon A, Birger C, Thorvaldsdóttir H, Ghandi M, Mesirov JP, Tamayo P. The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection. Cell Syst 2015; 1:417-425. [PMID: 26771021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6577] [Impact Index Per Article: 730.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) is one of the most widely used and comprehensive databases of gene sets for performing gene set enrichment analysis. Since its creation, MSigDB has grown beyond its roots in metabolic disease and cancer to include >10,000 gene sets. These better represent a wider range of biological processes and diseases, but the utility of the database is reduced by increased redundancy across, and heterogeneity within, gene sets. To address this challenge, here we use a combination of automated approaches and expert curation to develop a collection of "hallmark" gene sets as part of MSigDB. Each hallmark in this collection consists of a "refined" gene set, derived from multiple "founder" sets, that conveys a specific biological state or process and displays coherent expression. The hallmarks effectively summarize most of the relevant information of the original founder sets and, by reducing both variation and redundancy, provide more refined and concise inputs for gene set enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Liberzon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chet Birger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Ghandi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Raj U, Kumar H, Gupta S, Varadwaj PK. Exploring dual inhibitors for STAT1 and STAT5 receptors utilizing virtual screening and dynamics simulation validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:2115-29. [PMID: 26471877 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that transduce signals from cytokines and growth factors to the nucleus and thereby regulate the expression of a variety of target genes. Although mutations of STATs have not been reported in human tumors but the activity of several members of the family, such as STAT1 and STAT5, is deregulated in a variety of human carcinoma. STAT1 and STAT5 share a structural similarity with a highly conserved SH2 domain which is responsible for the activation of STAT proteins on interaction with phosphotyrosine motifs for specific STAT-receptor contacts and STAT dimerization. The purpose of this study is to identify domain-specific dual inhibitors for both STAT1 and STAT5 proteins from a database of natural products and natural product-like compounds comprising of over 90,000 compounds. Virtual screening-based molecular docking was performed in order to find novel natural dual inhibitors. Further, the study was supported by the 50-ns molecular dynamics simulation for receptor-ligand complexes (STAT1-STOCK-1N-69677 and STAT5-STOCK-1N-69677). Analysis of molecular interactions in the SH2 domains of both STAT1 and STAT5 proteins with the ligand revealed few conserved amino acid residues which are responsible to stabilize the ligands within the binding pocket through bonded and non-bonded interactions. This study suggested that compound STOCK-1N-69677 might putatively act as a dual inhibitor of STAT1 and STAT5 receptors, through its binding to the SH2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Raj
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Himansu Kumar
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
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Yamamoto M, Fukuoka H, Iguchi G, Matsumoto R, Takahashi M, Nishizawa H, Suda K, Bando H, Takahashi Y. The prevalence and associated factors of colorectal neoplasms in acromegaly: a single center based study. Pituitary 2015; 18:343-51. [PMID: 24947684 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal neoplasms are well known to be a complication in cases of acromegaly; however, data on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in Asian patients with acromegaly are limited. Further, the factors associated with colorectal neoplasms in cases of acromegaly are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of and factors associated with colorectal neoplasms in Japanese patients with acromegaly in a single center. METHODS We analyzed consecutive 57 patients who had undergone full-length colonoscopy at the time of diagnosis at Kobe University Hospital between 1986 and 2012. RESULTS Of the 57 patients, 22 (38.6%), 18 (31.6%) and 3 (5.3%) patients were diagnosed with hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas, respectively and the prevalence was significantly higher than in a historical control group, Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome (The odds ratio was 4.0, 8.7, and 17.5, respectively). The prevalence of adenocarcinomas was also significantly higher in these patients than in the general Japanese population (odds ratio 14.5). Patients with acromegaly who had colorectal neoplasms had longer disease duration than those without colorectal neoplasms. Of note, the area under the growth hormone (GH) concentration-time curve (GH AUC) during the oral glucose tolerance test was significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinomas than in those with no colonic lesion or those with hyperplastic polyps. CONCLUSION Japanese patients with acromegaly exhibited an increased risk of colorectal neoplasms, especially colorectal adenocarcinomas. An increased GH AUC was associated with an increased risk for colon adenocarcinomas in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Role of HOXA9 in leukemia: dysregulation, cofactors and essential targets. Oncogene 2015; 35:1090-8. [PMID: 26028034 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HOXA9 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that has an important role in hematopoietic stem cell expansion and is commonly deregulated in acute leukemias. A variety of upstream genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia lead to overexpression of HOXA9, which is a strong predictor of poor prognosis. In many cases, HOXA9 has been shown to be necessary for maintaining leukemic transformation; however, the molecular mechanisms through which it promotes leukemogenesis remain elusive. Recent work has established that HOXA9 regulates downstream gene expression through binding at promoter distal enhancers along with a subset of cell-specific cofactor and collaborator proteins. Increasing efforts are being made to identify both the critical cofactors and target genes required for maintaining transformation in HOXA9-overexpressing leukemias. With continued advances in understanding HOXA9-mediated transformation, there is a wealth of opportunity for developing novel therapeutics that would be applicable for greater than 50% of AML with overexpression of HOXA9.
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Bibi S, Arslanhan MD, Langenfeld F, Jeanningros S, Cerny-Reiterer S, Hadzijusufovic E, Tchertanov L, Moriggl R, Valent P, Arock M. Co-operating STAT5 and AKT signaling pathways in chronic myeloid leukemia and mastocytosis: possible new targets of therapy. Haematologica 2015; 99:417-29. [PMID: 24598853 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.098442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis are myeloid neoplasms sharing a number of pathogenetic and clinical features. In both conditions, an aberrantly activated oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity, namely BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia, and mutant KIT, mostly KIT D816V, in systemic mastocytosis, is key to disease evolution. The appreciation of the role of such tyrosine kinases in these diseases has led to the development of improved therapies with tyrosine kinase-targeted inhibitors. However, most drugs, including new KIT D816V-blocking agents, have failed to achieve long-lasting remissions in advanced systemic mastocytosis, and there is a similar problem in chronic myeloid leukemia, where imatinib-resistant patients sometimes fail to achieve remission, even with second- or third-line BCR-ABL1 specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. During disease progression, additional signaling pathways become activated in neoplastic cells, but most converge into major downstream networks. Among these, the AKT and STAT5 pathways appear most critical and may result in drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis. Inhibition of phosphorylation of these targets has proven their crucial role in disease-evolution in both malignancies. Together, these observations suggest that STAT5 and AKT are key drivers of oncogenesis in drug-resistant forms of the diseases, and that targeting STAT5 and AKT might be an interesting approach in these malignancies. The present article provides an overview of our current knowledge about the critical role of AKT and STAT5 in the pathophysiology of chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis and on their potential value as therapeutic targets in these neoplasms.
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Zhang H, Goudeva L, Immenschuh S, Schambach A, Skokowa J, Eiz-Vesper B, Blasczyk R, Figueiredo C. miR-155 is associated with the leukemogenic potential of the class IV granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in CD34⁺ progenitor cells. Mol Med 2015; 20:736-46. [PMID: 25730818 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a major regulator of granulopoiesis on engagement with the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). The truncated, alternatively spliced, class IV G-CSFR (G-CSFRIV) has been associated with defective differentiation and relapse risk in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the detailed biological properties of G-CSFRIV in human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the potential leukemogenic mechanism of this receptor remain poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that G-CSFRIV-overexpressing (G-CSFRIV(+)) HSPCs demonstrated an enhanced proliferative and survival capacity on G-CSF stimulation. Cell cycle analyses showed a higher frequency of G-CSFRIV(+) cells in the S and G2/M phase. Also, apoptosis rates were significantly lower in G-CSFRIV(+) HSPCs. These findings were shown to be associated with a sustained Stat5 activation and elevated miR-155 expression. In addition, G-CSF showed to further induce G-CSFRIV and miR-155 expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from AML patients. A Stat5 pharmacological inhibitor or ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference-mediated silencing of the expression of miR-155 abrogated the aberrant proliferative capacity of the G-CSFRIV(+) HSPCs. Hence, the dysregulation of Stat5/miR-155 pathway in the G-CSFRIV(+) HSPCs supports their leukemogenic potential. Specific miRNA silencing or the inhibition of Stat5-associated pathways might contribute to preventing the risk of leukemogenesis in G-CSFRIV(+) HSPCs. This study may promote the development of a personalized effective antileukemia therapy, in particular for the patients exhibiting higher expression levels of G-CSFRIV, and further highlights the necessity of pre-screening the patients for G-CSFR isoforms expression patterns before G-CSF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiJiao Zhang
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lilia Goudeva
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster "From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapies," REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster "From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapies," REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constança Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster "From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapies," REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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