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Liston A, Pasciuto E, Fitzgerald DC, Yshii L. Brain regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:326-337. [PMID: 38040953 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The brain, long thought to be isolated from the peripheral immune system, is increasingly recognized to be integrated into a systemic immunological network. These conduits of immune-brain interaction and immunosurveillance processes necessitate the presence of complementary immunoregulatory mechanisms, of which brain regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are likely a key facet. Treg cells represent a dynamic population in the brain, with continual influx, specialization to a brain-residency phenotype and relatively rapid displacement by newly incoming cells. In addition to their functions in suppressing adaptive immunity, an emerging view is that Treg cells in the brain dampen down glial reactivity in response to a range of neurological insults, and directly assist in multiple regenerative and reparative processes during tissue pathology. The utility and malleability of the brain Treg cell population make it an attractive therapeutic target across the full spectrum of neurological conditions, ranging from neuroinflammatory to neurodegenerative and even psychiatric diseases. Therapeutic modalities currently under intense development include Treg cell therapy, IL-2 therapy to boost Treg cell numbers and multiple innovative approaches to couple these therapeutics to brain delivery mechanisms for enhanced potency. Here we review the state of the art of brain Treg cell knowledge together with the potential avenues for future integration into medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Lidia Yshii
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Tansey MG, Boles J, Holt J, Cole C, Neighbarger N, Urs N, Uriarte-Huarte O. Locus coeruleus injury modulates ventral midbrain neuroinflammation during DSS-induced colitis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3952442. [PMID: 38559083 PMCID: PMC10980147 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3952442/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a decades-long prodrome, consisting of a collection of non-motor symptoms that emerges prior to the motor manifestation of the disease. Of these non-motor symptoms, gastrointestinal dysfunction and deficits attributed to central norepinephrine (NE) loss, including mood changes and sleep disturbances, are frequent in the PD population and emerge early in the disease. Evidence is mounting that injury and inflammation in the gut and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, underlie these symptoms, and the injury of these systems is central to the progression of PD. In this study, we generate a novel two-hit mouse model that captures both features, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce gut inflammation and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to lesion the LC. We first confirmed the specificity of DSP-4 for central NE using neurochemical methods and fluorescence light-sheet microscopy of cleared tissue, and established that DSS-induced outcomes in the periphery, including weight loss, gross indices of gut injury and systemic inflammation, the loss of tight junction proteins in the colonic epithelium, and markers of colonic inflammation, were unaffected with DSP-4 pre-administration. We then measured alterations in neuroimmune gene expression in the ventral midbrain in response to DSS treatment alone as well as the extent to which prior LC injury modified this response. In this two-hit model we observed that DSS-induced colitis activates the expression of key cytokines and chemokines in the ventral midbrain only in the presence of LC injury and the typical DSS-associated neuroimmune is blunted by pre-LC lesioning with DSP-4. In all, this study supports the growing appreciation for the LC as neuroprotective against inflammation-induced brain injury and draws attention to the potential for NEergic interventions to exert disease-modifying effects under conditions where peripheral inflammation may compromise ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons and increase the risk for development of PD.
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Boles JS, Holt J, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Urs NM, Huarte OU, Tansey MG. Locus coeruleus injury modulates ventral midbrain neuroinflammation during DSS-induced colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.580010. [PMID: 38405709 PMCID: PMC10888767 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.580010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a decades-long prodrome, consisting of a collection of non-motor symptoms that emerges prior to the motor manifestation of the disease. Of these non-motor symptoms, gastrointestinal dysfunction and deficits attributed to central norepinephrine (NE) loss, including mood changes and sleep disturbances, are frequent in the PD population and emerge early in the disease. Evidence is mounting that injury and inflammation in the gut and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, underlie these symptoms, and the injury of these systems is central to the progression of PD. In this study, we generate a novel two-hit mouse model that captures both features, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce gut inflammation and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to lesion the LC. We first confirmed the specificity of DSP-4 for central NE using neurochemical methods and fluorescence light-sheet microscopy of cleared tissue, and established that DSS-induced outcomes in the periphery, including weight loss, gross indices of gut injury and systemic inflammation, the loss of tight junction proteins in the colonic epithelium, and markers of colonic inflammation, were unaffected with DSP-4 pre-administration. We then measured alterations in neuroimmune gene expression in the ventral midbrain in response to DSS treatment alone as well as the extent to which prior LC injury modified this response. In this two-hit model we observed that DSS-induced colitis activates the expression of key cytokines and chemokines in the ventral midbrain only in the presence of LC injury and the typical DSS-associated neuroimmune is blunted by pre-LC lesioning with DSP-4. In all, this study supports the growing appreciation for the LC as neuroprotective against inflammation-induced brain injury and draws attention to the potential for NEergic interventions to exert disease-modifying effects under conditions where peripheral inflammation may compromise ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons and increase the risk for development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jenny Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K. Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikhil M. Urs
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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4
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Wang M, Thomson AW, Yu F, Hazra R, Junagade A, Hu X. Regulatory T lymphocytes as a therapy for ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:329-346. [PMID: 36469056 PMCID: PMC10239790 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Unrestrained excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate ischemic brain injury and impede post-stroke brain recovery. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play important immunosuppressive roles to curtail inflammatory responses and regain immune homeostasis after stroke. Accumulating evidence confirms that Treg cells are neuroprotective at the acute stage after stroke and promote brain repair at the chronic phases. The beneficial effects of Treg cells are mediated by diverse mechanisms involving cell-cell interactions and soluble factor release. Multiple types of cells, including both immune cells and non-immune CNS cells, have been identified to be cellular targets of Treg cells. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the function of Treg cells in ischemic stroke and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The protective and reparative properties of Treg cells endorse them as good candidates for immune therapy. Strategies that boost the numbers and functions of Treg cells have been actively developing in the fields of transplantation and autoimmune diseases. We discuss the approaches for Treg cell expansion that have been tested in stroke models. The application of these approaches to stroke patients may bring new hope for stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rimi Hazra
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aditi Junagade
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Rocha DN, Carvalho ED, Pires LR, Gardin C, Zanolla I, Szewczyk PK, Machado C, Fernandes R, Stachewicz U, Zavan B, Relvas JB, Pêgo AP. It takes two to remyelinate: A bioengineered platform to study astrocyte-oligodendrocyte crosstalk and potential therapeutic targets in remyelination. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213429. [PMID: 37148597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the myelin sheath insulating axons is the hallmark of demyelinating diseases. These pathologies often lead to irreversible neurological impairment and patient disability. No effective therapies are currently available to promote remyelination. Several elements contribute to the inadequacy of remyelination, thus understanding the intricacies of the cellular and signaling microenvironment of the remyelination niche might help us to devise better strategies to enhance remyelination. Here, using a new in vitro rapid myelinating artificial axon system based on engineered microfibres, we investigated how reactive astrocytes influence oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination ability. This artificial axon culture system enables the effective uncoupling of molecular cues from the biophysical properties of the axons, allowing the detailed study of the astrocyte-OL crosstalk. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were cultured on poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer electrospun microfibres that served as surrogate axons. This platform was then combined with a previously established tissue engineered glial scar model of astrocytes embedded in 1 % (w/v) alginate matrices, in which astrocyte reactive phenotype was acquired using meningeal fibroblast conditioned medium. OPCs were shown to adhere to uncoated engineered microfibres and differentiate into myelinating OL. Reactive astrocytes were found to significantly impair OL differentiation ability, after six and eight days in a co-culture system. Differentiation impairment was seen to be correlated with astrocytic miRNA release through exosomes. We found significantly reduction on the expression of pro-myelinating miRNAs (miR-219 and miR-338) and an increase in anti-myelinating miRNA (miR-125a-3p) content between reactive and quiescent astrocytes. Additionally, we show that OPC differentiation inhibition could be reverted by rescuing the activated astrocytic phenotype with ibuprofen, a chemical inhibitor of the small rhoGTPase RhoA. Overall, these findings show that modulating astrocytic function might be an interesting therapeutic avenue for demyelinating diseases. The use of these engineered microfibres as an artificial axon culture system will enable the screening for potential therapeutic agents that promote OL differentiation and myelination while providing valuable insight on the myelination/remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana R Pires
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cláudia Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-343 Porto, Portugal.
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Yuan C, Shi L, Sun Z, Xu F, Wang C, Shan J, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Ye Q, Chen J, Sun D, Hu X. Regulatory T cell expansion promotes white matter repair after stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106063. [PMID: 36889482 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in white matter integrity in CNS diseases. Approaches that expand the number of Tregs have been utilized to improve stroke recovery. However, it remains unclear if Treg augmentation preserves white matter integrity early after stroke or promotes white matter repair. This study evaluates the effect of Treg augmentation on white matter injury and repair after stroke. Adult male C57/BL6 mice randomly received Treg or splenocyte (2 million, iv) transfer 2 h after transient (60 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Immunostaining showed improved white matter recovery after tMCAO in Treg-treated mice compared to mice received splenocytes. In another group of mice, IL-2/IL-2 antibody complexes (IL-2/IL-2Ab) or isotype IgG were administered (i.p) for 3 consecutive days starting 6 h after tMCAO, and repeated on day 10, 20 and 30. The IL-2/IL-2Ab treatment boosted the number of Tregs in blood and spleen and increased Treg infiltration into the ischemic brain. Longitudinal in vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed an increase in fractional anisotropy 28d and 35d, but not 14d, after stroke in IL-2/IL-2Ab-treated mice compared to isotype-treated mice, suggesting a delayed improvement in white matter integrity. IL-2/IL-2Ab also improved sensorimotor functions (rotarod test and adhesive removal test) 35d after stroke. There were correlations between white matter integrity and behavior performance. Immunostaining confirmed the beneficial effects of IL-2/IL-2Ab on white matter structures 35d after tMCAO. IL-2/IL-2Ab treatment starting as late as 5d after stroke still improved white matter integrity 21d after tMCAO, suggesting long-term salutary effects of Tregs on the late-stage tissue repair. We also found that IL-2/IL-2Ab treatment reduced the number of dead/dying OPCs and oligodendrocytes in the brain 3d after tMCAO. To confirm the direct effect of Tregs on remyelination, Tregs were cocultured with lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-treated organotypic cerebella. LPC exposure for 17 h induced demyelination in organotypic cultures, followed by gradual spontaneous remyelination upon removal of LPC. Co-culture with Tregs accelerated remyelination in organotypic cultures 7d after LPC. In conclusion, Boosting the number of Tregs protects oligodendrocyte lineage cells early after stroke and promotes long-term white matter repair and functional recovery. IL-2/IL-2Ab represents a feasible approach of Treg expansion for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chujun Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiajing Shan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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The Impact of Mouse Preterm Birth Induction by RU-486 on Microglial Activation and Subsequent Hypomyelination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094867. [PMID: 35563258 PMCID: PMC9105222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) represents 15 million births every year worldwide and is frequently associated with maternal/fetal infections and inflammation, inducing neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammation is mediated by microglial cells, which are brain-resident macrophages that release cytotoxic molecules that block oligodendrocyte differentiation, leading to hypomyelination. Some preterm survivors can face lifetime motor and/or cognitive disabilities linked to periventricular white matter injuries (PWMIs). There is currently no recommendation concerning the mode of delivery in the case of PTB and its impact on brain development. Many animal models of induced-PTB based on LPS injections exist, but with a low survival rate. There is a lack of information regarding clinically used pharmacological substances to induce PTB and their consequences on brain development. Mifepristone (RU-486) is a drug used clinically to induce preterm labor. This study aims to elaborate and characterize a new model of induced-PTB and PWMIs by the gestational injection of RU-486 and the perinatal injection of pups with IL-1beta. A RU-486 single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection at embryonic day (E)18.5 induced PTB at E19.5 in pregnant OF1 mice. All pups were born alive and were adopted directly after birth. IL-1beta was injected intraperitoneally from postnatal day (P)1 to P5. Animals exposed to both RU-486 and IL-1beta demonstrated microglial reactivity and subsequent PWMIs. In conclusion, the s.c. administration of RU-486 induced labor within 24 h with a high survival rate for pups. In the context of perinatal inflammation, RU-486 labor induction significantly decreases microglial reactivity in vivo but did not prevent subsequent PWMIs.
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Ma Z, Chu L, Liu CF, Liu W, Wei J. Construction of a Joint Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5967131. [PMID: 35419117 PMCID: PMC9001103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5967131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has imposed significant threat to both middle-aged and elderly people worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare but serious complication following IS, which can further increase patient disability and mortality rates. With the development of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment, the prognosis of IS has been greatly improved. However, the pathogenesis of IS complicated with AMI is still unclear. To fill this gap, this work uses bioinformatic analysis, where IS and AMI datasets were combined for differential gene analysis, and then, a ROC prediction model for target gene analysis was constructed. It is found that OSM gene has the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.793), followed by IL6ST, IL6, JAK1, IL6R, and JAK2 genes. Joint prediction model showed higher accuracy in predicting the outcome of control and case (AUC = 0.918). The etiology of ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction is complicated. Their cooccurring pathological mechanisms and the conversion between the two diseases could not be explained by a single gene. Therefore, the joint prediction model in this work can provide a better prediction accuracy for research purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wupeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
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Shi L, Sun Z, Su W, Xu F, Xie D, Zhang Q, Dai X, Iyer K, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Li S, Stolz DB, Chen K, Ding Y, Thomson AW, Leak RK, Chen J, Hu X. Treg cell-derived osteopontin promotes microglia-mediated white matter repair after ischemic stroke. Immunity 2021; 54:1527-1542.e8. [PMID: 34015256 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regulatory T (Treg) cells on long-term tissue repair remain elusive. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we found that Treg cells infiltrated the brain 1 to 5 weeks after experimental stroke in mice. Selective depletion of Treg cells diminished oligodendrogenesis, white matter repair, and functional recovery after stroke. Transcriptomic analyses revealed potent immunomodulatory effects of brain-infiltrating Treg cells on other immune cells, including monocyte-lineage cells. Microglia depletion, but not T cell lymphopenia, mitigated the beneficial effects of transferred Treg cells on white matter regeneration. Mechanistically, Treg cell-derived osteopontin acted through integrin receptors on microglia to enhance microglial reparative activity, consequently promoting oligodendrogenesis and white matter repair. Increasing Treg cell numbers by delivering IL-2:IL-2 antibody complexes after stroke improved white matter integrity and rescued neurological functions over the long term. These findings reveal Treg cells as a neurorestorative target for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Di Xie
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xuejiao Dai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kartik Iyer
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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10
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Schranz D, Molnar T, Erdo‐Bonyar S, Simon D, Berki T, Nagy C, Czeiter E, Buki A, Lenzser G, Csecsei P. Increased level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 is associated with survival in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 143:530-537. [PMID: 33492677 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple cytokines have been implicated in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (LIGHT/TNFSF14) and oncostatin-M (OSM) have not been previously explored. AIMS OF THE STUDY The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between TNFSF14 and OSM levels and survival. Our secondary goal was to investigate a potential association between these markers and the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). MATERIALS & METHODS We consecutively recruited 60 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aSAH. LIGHT/TNFSF14 and OSM serum concentrations were determined by ELISA. The primary endpoint was survival at Day 30, while development of DCI was assessed as secondary outcome. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher levels of both markers than the control group (median of LIGHT: 18.1 pg/ml vs. 7 pg/ml; p = 0.01; median of OSM: 10.3 pg/ml vs. 2.8 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Significantly lower serum level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was found in nonsurviving patients (n = 9) compared with survivors (n = 51; p = 0.011). Based on ROC analysis, serum LIGHT/TNFSF14 with a cutoff value of >7.95 pg/ml predicted 30-day survival with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 78% (Area: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.604-0.921, p = 0.013). In addition, it was also a predictor of DCI with a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 62.5% (AUC: 0.702; 95% CI: 0.555-0.849, p = 0.018). Based on binary logistic regression analysis, LIGHT/TNFSF14 was found to be independently associated with 30-day mortality, but not with DCI. CONCLUSION In this cohort, a higher serum level of LIGHT/TNFSF14 was associated with increased survival of patients with aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schranz
- Department of Neurology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdo‐Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Csaba Nagy
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Endre Czeiter
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
- Neurotrauma Research Group Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Pécs Hungary
- MTA‐PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group Pécs Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Gabor Lenzser
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery University of PecsMedical School Pecs Hungary
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11
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Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles induce expression and secretion of oncostatin M in AGS gastric cancer cells. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1057-1066. [PMID: 33851342 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen that colonizes the stomach of 50% of the world's population, is associated with gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Diseases are characterized by severe inflammatory responses in the stomach that are induced by various chemokines and cytokines. Recently, oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6 family cytokine, was detected in early gastric cancer biopsies. In this study, we showed that Helicobacter pylori induced secretion of OSM and overexpression of its type II receptor OSMRβ (OSM/OSMRβ) in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) over 24 h of infection. Furthermore, we showed that the induction of OSM and OSMRβ was carried out by heat-sensitive Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicle (OMV) protein. Collectively, our results established, for the first time, a direct relation between Helicobacter pylori OMVs and the OSM/OSMRβ signaling axis.
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12
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Septyaningtrias DE, Susilowati R. Neurological involvement of COVID-19: from neuroinvasion and neuroimmune crosstalk to long-term consequences. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:427-442. [PMID: 33550780 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a multidimensional threat to humanity, more evidence of neurological involvement associated with it has emerged. Neuroimmune interaction may prove to be important not only in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations but also to prevent systemic hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize reports of COVID-19 cases with neurological involvement, followed by discussion of possible routes of entry, immune responses against coronavirus infection in the central nervous system and mechanisms of nerve degeneration due to viral infection and immune responses. Possible mechanisms for neuroprotection and virus-associated neurological consequences are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Eurike Septyaningtrias
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Rina Susilowati
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
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13
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Mommert S, Hüer M, Schaper-Gerhardt K, Gutzmer R, Werfel T. Histamine up-regulates oncostatin M expression in human M1 macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:600-613. [PMID: 31328788 PMCID: PMC7012943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human monocyte-derived M1 macrophages develop in relation to growth factors, bacterial products, and cytokines in a local micro-environment. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory mediators, in particular, oncostatin M (OSM), which is secreted from the cells in response to the active complement component C5a. As C5a also releases histamine from human mast cells and shows immune modulatory functions similar to histamine in regulating expression of the IL-12 cytokine family, we investigated the effects of histamine on OSM expression in human M1 macrophages. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cytokine expression was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR and elisa techniques. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were stimulated with supernatants from activated M1 macrophages, and phosphorylation of STAT3 was assessed by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS OSM mRNA expression was highly up-regulated by histamine and agonists targeting the histamine H1 H2 , and H4 receptors in human M1 macrophages and by C5a, which was used as control stimulus. Protein levels of OSM and IL-6 were up-regulated by histamine. Supernatants from histamine-stimulated, fully differentiated M1 macrophages were able to phosphorylate STAT3 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The up-regulation of OSM expression in response to histamine and C5a shown in this study provides further evidence that histamine and C5a, acting through their GPCRs, have almost equal functional effects in cells of the monocyte lineage. Both mediators OSM and IL-6 have the capability to activate human keratinocytes. This effect may have an influence on the course of inflammatory skin diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Mommert
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Hüer
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Schaper-Gerhardt
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Sakaguchi S, Sakai K, Yamanaka G, Iwao T, Matsumoto J, Kimura I, Sezaki Y, Tanaka Y, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Oncostatin-M-Reactive Pericytes Aggravate Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by Activating JAK/STAT3 Signaling In Vitro. Neuroscience 2019; 422:12-20. [PMID: 31705893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine of the interleukin (IL)-6 family members. It induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction by activating Janus-activated kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathways in brain endothelial cells. Brain pericytes located around microvessels are one of the BBB constituents. Pericytes work as a boundary surface between the blood circulation and brain parenchyma, and their functions are altered under pathophysiological conditions, leading to BBB dysregulation. However, it remains unknown whether pericytes are associated with OSM-induced BBB dysfunction. We demonstrated that pericyte exposure to OSM (100 ng/mL) elevated phosphorylation of STAT3, a main OSM signaling pathway, and that pericytes expressed OSM receptors (OSMRs) including OSMRβ and glycoprotein 130. These results suggest that pericytes are able to respond to OSM. To determine the effects of OSM-reactive pericytes on BBB functions, rat brain endothelial cell (RBEC) monolayers were cultured with OSM-treated pericytes. The presence of pericytes exposed to 100 ng/mL of OSM for 48 h aggravated both the elevated permeability to sodium fluorescein and the lowered transendothelial electrical resistance which were induced by OSM in RBECs. This OSM-reactive pericyte-induced aggravation of lowered RBEC barrier function was reversed by ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor. These findings suggest that activated JAK/STAT3 signaling in pericytes contributes to OSM-produced BBB breakdown. Thus, OSM-reactive pericytes may have to be considered a characteristic machinery in the formation and progression of BBB breakdown under pathological conditions associated with increased OSM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenta Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takuro Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yume Sezaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshie Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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15
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Houben E, Hellings N, Broux B. Oncostatin M, an Underestimated Player in the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1165. [PMID: 31191538 PMCID: PMC6549448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the central nervous system (CNS) was believed to be an immune privileged organ. In the last decades, it became apparent that the immune system interacts with the CNS not only in pathological, but also in homeostatic situations. It is now clear that immune cells infiltrate the healthy CNS as part of immune surveillance and that immune cells communicate through cytokines with CNS resident cells. In pathological conditions, an enhanced infiltration of immune cells takes place to fight the pathogen. A well-known family of cytokines is the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family. All members are important in cell communication and cell signaling in the immune system. One of these members is oncostatin M (OSM), for which the receptor is expressed on several cells of the CNS. However, the biological function of OSM in the CNS is not studied in detail. Here, we briefly describe the general aspects related to OSM biology, including signaling and receptor binding. Thereafter, the current understanding of OSM during CNS homeostasis and pathology is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Houben
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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16
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Han J, Feng Z, Xie Y, Li F, Lv B, Hua T, Zhang Z, Sun C, Su D, Ouyang Q, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Sun H, Jiang X. Oncostatin M-induced upregulation of SDF-1 improves Bone marrow stromal cell migration in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Exp Neurol 2019; 313:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Chang S, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Moon S, Lee YY, Jung JS, Kim Y, Jung HE, Kim TJ, Cheong TC, Moon HJ, Cho JA, Kim HR, Han D, Na Y, Seok SH, Cho NH, Lee HC, Nam EH, Cho H, Choi M, Minato N, Seong SY. Taurodeoxycholate Increases the Number of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells That Ameliorate Sepsis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1984. [PMID: 30279688 PMCID: PMC6153344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) control metabolism and inflammation by interacting with several receptors. Here, we report that intravenous infusion of taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) decreases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalizes hypotension, protects against renal injury, and prolongs mouse survival during sepsis. TDCA increases the number of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCLT) distinctive from MDSCs obtained without TDCA treatment (MDSCL) in the spleen of septic mice. FACS-sorted MDSCLT cells suppress T-cell proliferation and confer protection against sepsis when adoptively transferred better than MDSCL. Proteogenomic analysis indicated that TDCA controls chromatin silencing, alternative splicing, and translation of the immune proteome of MDSCLT, which increases the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules such as oncostatin, lactoferrin and CD244. TDCA also decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as neutrophil elastase. These findings suggest that TDCA globally edits the proteome to increase the number of MDSCLT cells and affect their immune-regulatory functions to resolve systemic inflammation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooghee Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungyoon Moon
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Yook Lee
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sun Jung
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hi-Eun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Moon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yirang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hai-Chon Lee
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Nam
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyosuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Pothoven KL, Schleimer RP. The barrier hypothesis and Oncostatin M: Restoration of epithelial barrier function as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1341367. [PMID: 28665760 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1341367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelium maintains tissue homeostasis through many processes, including epithelial barrier function, which separates the environment from the tissue. The barrier hypothesis of type 2 inflammatory disease postulates that epithelial and epidermal barrier dysfunction, which cause inappropriate exposure to the environment, can result in allergic sensitization and development of type 2 inflammatory disease. The restoration of barrier dysfunction once it's lost, or the prevention of barrier dysfunction, have the potential to be exciting new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease. Neutrophil-derived Oncostatin M has been shown to be a potent disrupter of epithelial barrier function through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review will discuss these events and outline several points along this axis at which therapeutic intervention could be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pothoven
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Driskill Graduate Program , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,c Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA.,d Departments of Otolaryngology and Microbiology-Immunology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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19
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Church JS, Milich LM, Lerch JK, Popovich PG, McTigue DM. E6020, a synthetic TLR4 agonist, accelerates myelin debris clearance, Schwann cell infiltration, and remyelination in the rat spinal cord. Glia 2017; 65:883-899. [PMID: 28251686 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are present throughout the adult brain and spinal cord and can replace oligodendrocytes lost to injury, aging, or disease. Their differentiation, however, is inhibited by myelin debris, making clearance of this debris an important step for cellular repair following demyelination. In models of peripheral nerve injury, TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes macrophage phagocytosis of debris. Here we tested whether the novel synthetic TLR4 agonist E6020, a Lipid A mimetic, promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in spinal cord white matter following lysolecithin-induced demyelination. In vitro, E6020 induced TLR4-dependent cytokine expression (TNFα, IL1β, IL-6) and NF-κB signaling, albeit at ∼10-fold reduced potency compared to LPS. Microinjection of E6020 into the intact rat spinal cord gray/white matter border induced macrophage activation, OPC proliferation, and robust oligodendrogenesis, similar to what we described previously using an intraspinal LPS microinjection model. Finally, a single co-injection of E6020 with lysolecithin into spinal cord white matter increased axon sparing, accelerated myelin debris clearance, enhanced Schwann cell infiltration into demyelinated lesions, and increased the number of remyelinated axons. In vitro assays confirmed that direct stimulation of macrophages by E6020 stimulates myelin phagocytosis. These data implicate TLR4 signaling in promoting repair after CNS demyelination, likely by stimulating phagocytic activity of macrophages, sparing axons, recruiting myelinating cells, and promoting remyelination. This work furthers our understanding of immune-myelin interactions and identifies a novel synthetic TLR4 agonist as a potential therapeutic avenue for white matter demyelinating conditions such as spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Church
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lindsay M Milich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica K Lerch
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana M McTigue
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Turner RC, Naser ZJ, Lucke-Wold BP, Logsdon AF, Vangilder RL, Matsumoto RR, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Single low-dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning: neuroprotective against axonal injury and modulates glial cells. NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017; 4:6-15. [PMID: 28164149 PMCID: PMC5289820 DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim Over 7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are reported each year in the United States. However, treatments and neuroprotection following TBI are limited because secondary injury cascades are poorly understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration before controlled cortical impact can contribute to neuroprotection. However, the underlying mechanisms and whether LPS preconditioning confers neuroprotection against closed-head injuries remains unclear. Methods The authors hypothesized that preconditioning with a low dose of LPS (0.2 mg/kg) would regulate glial reactivity and protect against diffuse axonal injury induced by weight drop. LPS was administered 7 days prior to TBI. LPS administration reduced locomotion, which recovered completely by time of injury. Results LPS preconditioning significantly reduced the post-injury gliosis response near the corpus callosum, possibly by downregulating the oncostatin M receptor. These novel findings demonstrate a protective role of LPS preconditioning against diffuse axonal injury. LPS preconditioning successfully prevented neurodegeneration near the corpus callosum, as measured by fluorojade B. Conclusion Further work is required to elucidate whether LPS preconditioning confers long-term protection against behavioral deficits and to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms responsible for LPS-induced neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Zachary J Naser
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Reyna L Vangilder
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Health Restoration, West Virginia University, School of Nursing, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jason D Huber
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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21
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Goldstein EZ, Church JS, Hesp ZC, Popovich PG, McTigue DM. A silver lining of neuroinflammation: Beneficial effects on myelination. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:550-9. [PMID: 27151600 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin accelerates action potential conduction velocity and provides essential energy support for axons. Unfortunately, myelin and myelinating cells are often vulnerable to injury or disease, resulting in myelin damage, which in turn can lead to axon dysfunction, overt pathology and neurological impairment. Inflammation is a common component of trauma and disease in both the CNS and PNS and therefore an active inflammatory response is often considered deleterious to myelin health. While inflammation can certainly damage myelin, inflammatory processes also can positively affect oligodendrocyte lineage progression, myelin debris clearance, oligodendrocyte metabolism and myelin repair. In the periphery, inflammatory cascades can also augment myelin repair, including processes initiated by infiltrating immune cells as well as by local Schwann cells. In this review, various aspects of inflammation beneficial to myelin repair are discussed and should be considered when designing or implementing anti-inflammatory therapies for CNS and PNS injury involving myelinating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Z Goldstein
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Jamie S Church
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Zoe C Hesp
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Dana M McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, United States.
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22
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Xavier AM, Anunciato AKO, Rosenstock TR, Glezer I. Gene Expression Control by Glucocorticoid Receptors during Innate Immune Responses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 27148162 PMCID: PMC4835445 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory compounds that have been extensively used in clinical practice for several decades. GC's effects on inflammation are generally mediated through GC receptors (GRs). Signal transduction through these nuclear receptors leads to dramatic changes in gene expression programs in different cell types, typically due to GR binding to DNA or to transcription modulators. During the last decade, the view of GCs as exclusive anti-inflammatory molecules has been challenged. GR negative interference in pro-inflammatory gene expression was a landmark in terms of molecular mechanisms that suppress immune activity. In fact, GR can induce varied inhibitory molecules, including a negative regulator of Toll-like receptors pathway, or subject key transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP-1, to a repressor mechanism. In contrast, the expression of some acute-phase proteins and other players of innate immunity generally requires GR signaling. Consequently, GRs must operate context-dependent inhibitory, permissive, or stimulatory effects on host defense signaling triggered by pathogens or tissue damage. This review aims to disclose how contradictory or comparable effects on inflammatory gene expression can depend on pharmacological approach (including selective GC receptor modulators; SEGRMs), cell culture, animal treatment, or transgenic strategies used as models. Although the current view of GR-signaling integrated many advances in the field, some answers to important questions remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Machado Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isaias Glezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Isaias Glezer,
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23
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Janssens K, Maheshwari A, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Stinissen P, Hendriks JJA, Slaets H, Hellings N. Oncostatin M protects against demyelination by inducing a protective microglial phenotype. Glia 2015; 63:1729-37. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Janssens
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Anurag Maheshwari
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven Belgium
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Diepenbeek Belgium
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24
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Hsu MP, Frausto R, Rose-John S, Campbell IL. Analysis of IL-6/gp130 family receptor expression reveals that in contrast to astroglia, microglia lack the oncostatin M receptor and functional responses to oncostatin M. Glia 2014; 63:132-41. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ping Hsu
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ricardo Frausto
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry; Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Iain L. Campbell
- School of Molecular Bioscience and the Bosch Institute, University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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25
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Oncostatin M reduces lesion size and promotes functional recovery and neurite outgrowth after spinal cord injury. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1142-51. [PMID: 24996996 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The family of interleukin (IL)-6 like cytokines plays an important role in the neuroinflammatory response to injury by regulating both neural as well as immune responses. Here, we show that expression of the IL-6 family member oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor is upregulated after spinal cord injury (SCI). To reveal the relevance of increased OSM signaling in the pathophysiology of SCI, OSM was applied locally after spinal cord hemisection in mice. OSM treatment significantly improved locomotor recovery after mild and severe SCI. Improved recovery in OSM-treated mice was associated with a reduced lesion size. OSM significantly diminished astrogliosis and immune cell infiltration. Thus, OSM limits secondary damage after CNS trauma. In vitro viability assays demonstrated that OSM protects primary neurons in culture from cell death, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves direct neuroprotective effects of OSM. Furthermore, OSM dose-dependently promoted neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons, indicating that the cytokine plays an additional role in CNS repair. Indeed, our in vivo experiments demonstrate that OSM treatment increases plasticity of serotonergic fibers after SCI. Together, our data show that OSM is produced at the lesion site, where it protects the CNS from further damage and promotes recovery.
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26
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Richards CD. The enigmatic cytokine oncostatin m and roles in disease. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:512103. [PMID: 24381786 PMCID: PMC3870656 DOI: 10.1155/2013/512103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M is a secreted cytokine involved in homeostasis and in diseases involving chronic inflammation. It is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines that have pleiotropic functions in differentiation, cell proliferation, and hematopoetic, immunologic, and inflammatory networks. However, Oncostatin M also has activities novel to mediators of this cytokine family and others and may have fundamental roles in mechanisms of inflammation in pathology. Studies have explored Oncostatin M functions in cancer, bone metabolism, liver regeneration, and conditions with chronic inflammation including rheumatoid arthritis, lung and skin inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. This paper will review Oncostatin M biology in a historical fashion and focus on its unique activities, in vitro and in vivo, that differentiate it from other cytokines and inspire further study or consideration in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D. Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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27
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Elliott R, Li F, Dragomir I, Chua MMW, Gregory BD, Weiss SR. Analysis of the host transcriptome from demyelinating spinal cord of murine coronavirus-infected mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75346. [PMID: 24058676 PMCID: PMC3776850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of the mouse central nervous system (CNS) with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induces a demyelinating disease pathologically similar to multiple sclerosis and is therefore used as a model system. There is little information regarding the host factors that correlate with and contribute to MHV-induced demyelination. Here, we detail the genes and pathways associated with MHV-induced demyelinating disease in the spinal cord. High-throughput sequencing of the host transcriptome revealed that demyelination is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes indicative of immune infiltration as well as changes in the cytokine milieu and lipid metabolism. We found evidence that a Th1-biased cytokine/chemokine response and eicosanoid-derived inflammation accompany persistent MHV infection and that antigen presentation is ongoing. Interestingly, increased expression of genes involved in lipid transport, processing, and catabolism, including some with known roles in neurodegenerative diseases, coincided with demyelination. Lastly, expression of several genes involved in osteoclast or bone-resident macrophage function, most notably TREM2 and DAP12, was upregulated in persistently infected mouse spinal cord. This study highlights the complexity of the host antiviral response, which accompany MHV-induced demyelination, and further supports previous findings that MHV-induced demyelination is immune-mediated. Interestingly, these data suggest a parallel between bone reabsorption by osteoclasts and myelin debris clearance by microglia in the bone and the CNS, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using an RNA-seq approach to study the host CNS response to persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Dragomir
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ming Ming W. Chua
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Barreto GE, White RE, Xu L, Palm CJ, Giffard RG. Effects of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) on evolution of astrocyte activation following stroke in the mouse. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:284-96. [PMID: 22940431 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is a hallmark of the response to brain ischemia consisting of changes in gene expression and morphology. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) protects from cerebral ischemia, and although several protective mechanisms have been investigated, effects on astrocyte activation have not been studied. To identify potential mechanisms of protection, microarray analysis was used to assess gene expression in the ischemic hemispheres of wild-type (WT) and Hsp72-overexpressing (Hsp72Tg) mice 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery. After stroke both genotypes exhibited changes in genes related to apoptosis, inflammation, and stress, with more downregulated genes in Hsp72Tg and more inflammation-related genes increased in WT mice. Genes indicative of astrocyte activation were also upregulated in both genotypes. To measure the extent and time course of astrocyte activation after stroke, detailed histological and morphological analyses were performed in the cortical penumbra. We observed a marked and persistent increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and a transient increase in vimentin. No change in overall astrocyte number was observed based on glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity. Hsp72Tg and WT mice were compared for density of astrocytes expressing activation markers and astrocytic morphology. In animals with comparable infarct size, overexpression of Hsp72 reduced the density of GFAP- and vimentin-expressing cells, and decreased astrocyte morphological complexity 72 h following stroke. However, by 30 days astrocyte activation was similar between genotypes. These data indicate that early modulation of astrocyte activation provides an additional novel mechanism associated with Hsp72 overexpression in the setting of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Oliva AA, Kang Y, Sanchez-Molano J, Furones C, Atkins CM. STAT3 signaling after traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2012; 120:710-20. [PMID: 22145815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes respond to trauma by stimulating inflammatory signaling. In studies of cerebral ischemia and spinal cord injury, astrocytic signaling is mediated by the cytokine receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and Janus kinase (Jak) which phosphorylates the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). To determine if STAT3 is activated after traumatic brain injury (TBI), adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury or sham surgery, and then the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus were analyzed at various post-traumatic time periods for up to 7 days. Western blot analyses indicated that STAT3 phosphorylation significantly increased at 30 min and lasted for 24 h post-TBI. A significant increase in gp130 and Jak2 phosphorylation was also observed. Confocal microscopy revealed that STAT3 was localized primarily within astrocytic nuclei. At 6 and 24 h post-TBI, there was also an increased expression of STAT3 pathway-related genes: suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, nitric oxide synthase 2, colony stimulating factor 2 receptor β, oncostatin M, matrix metalloproteinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, interleukin-2 receptor γ, interleukin-4 receptor α, and α-2-macroglobulin. These results clarify some of the signaling pathways operative in astrocytes after TBI and demonstrate that the gp130-Jak2-STAT3 signaling pathway is activated after TBI in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Oliva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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30
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Larochelle C, Alvarez JI, Prat A. How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis? FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3770-80. [PMID: 21550344 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into the CNS is nonetheless an early event in multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder of the CNS. Whether BBB dysfunction precedes immune cell infiltration or is the consequence of perivascular leukocyte accumulation remains enigmatic, but leukocyte migration modifies BBB permeability. Immune cells of MS subjects express inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes that can facilitate their migration to the CNS by influencing BBB function, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we describe how immune cells from the peripheral blood overcome the BBB and promote CNS inflammation in MS through BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Neuromics, CRCHUM, Notre-Dame Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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