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Li Y, Que M, Wang X, Zhan G, Zhou Z, Luo X, Li S. Exploring Astrocyte-Mediated Mechanisms in Sleep Disorders and Comorbidity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2476. [PMID: 37760916 PMCID: PMC10525869 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are integral to sleep regulation. In the context of a healthy neural environment, these glial cells exert a profound influence on the sleep-wake cycle, modulating both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep phases. However, emerging literature underscores perturbations in astrocytic function as potential etiological factors in sleep disorders, either as protopathy or comorbidity. As known, sleep disorders significantly increase the risk of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, or psychiatric diseases. Meanwhile, sleep disorders are commonly screened as comorbidities in various neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and others. Building on existing research that examines the role of astrocytes in sleep disorders, this review aims to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which astrocytes influence sleep regulation and contribute to sleep disorders in the varied settings of brain diseases. The review emphasizes the significance of astrocyte-mediated mechanisms in sleep disorders and their associated comorbidities, highlighting the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mengxin Que
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (Y.L.); (M.Q.); (X.W.); (G.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Ingiosi AM, Hayworth CR, Frank MG. Activation of Basal Forebrain Astrocytes Induces Wakefulness without Compensatory Changes in Sleep Drive. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5792-5809. [PMID: 37487739 PMCID: PMC10423050 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0163-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sleep is regulated by a homeostatic process that increases sleep drive and intensity as a function of prior wake time. Sleep homeostasis has traditionally been thought to be a product of neurons, but recent findings demonstrate that this process is also modulated by glial astrocytes. The precise role of astrocytes in the accumulation and discharge of sleep drive is unknown. We investigated this question by selectively activating basal forebrain (BF) astrocytes using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in male and female mice. DREADD activation of the Gq-protein-coupled pathway in BF astrocytes produced long and continuous periods of wakefulness that paradoxically did not cause the expected homeostatic response to sleep loss (e.g., increases in sleep time or intensity). Further investigations showed that this was not because of indirect effects of the ligand that activated DREADDs. These findings suggest that the need for sleep is not only driven by wakefulness per se, but also by specific neuronal-glial circuits that are differentially activated in wakefulness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sleep drive is controlled by a homeostatic process that increases sleep duration and intensity based on prior time spent awake. Non-neuronal brain cells (e.g., glial astrocytes) influence this homeostatic process, but their precise role is unclear. We used a genetic technique to activate astrocytes in the basal forebrain (BF) of mice, a brain region important for sleep and wake expression and sleep homeostasis. Astroglial activation induced prolonged wakefulness without the expected homeostatic increase in sleep drive (i.e., sleep duration and intensity). These findings indicate that our need to sleep is also driven by non-neuronal cells, and not only by time spent awake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202
| | - Christopher R Hayworth
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202
- Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202
- Sleep Performance and Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, 99202
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3
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Ingiosi AM, Frank MG. Goodnight, astrocyte: waking up to astroglial mechanisms in sleep. FEBS J 2023; 290:2553-2564. [PMID: 35271767 PMCID: PMC9463397 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes mediate many important aspects of neural homeostasis, but until recently, their role in sleep was largely unknown. The situation has dramatically changed in the last decade. The use of transgenic animals, optogenetics, chemogenetics, brain imaging and sophisticated molecular assays has led to exciting discoveries. Astrocytes dynamically change their activity across the sleep-wake cycle and may encode sleep need via changes in intracellular signalling pathways. Astrocytes also exocytose/secrete sleep-inducing molecules which modulate brain activity, sleep architecture and sleep regulation. Many of these observations have been made in mice and Drosophila melanogaster, indicating that astroglial sleep mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. We review recent findings and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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4
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Carvalhas-Almeida C, Serra J, Moita J, Cavadas C, Álvaro AR. Understanding neuron-glia crosstalk and biological clocks in insomnia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105100. [PMID: 36804265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about one-third of the population experiences insomnia symptoms, and about 10-15% suffer from chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleeping difficulties associated with insomnia are often linked to chronic sleep deprivation, which has a negative health impact partly due to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks. These are regulated by clock genes and modulate most biological processes. Most studies addressing circadian rhythm regulation have focused on the role of neurons, yet glial cells also impact circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Chronic insomnia and sleep loss have been associated with glial cell activation, exacerbated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity, accelerated age-related processes and decreased lifespan. It is, therefore, essential to highlight the importance of glia-neuron interplay on sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Hence, in this review, we aim to address the main neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, with an emphasis on microglia and astrocytes, in both healthy sleep, chronic sleep deprivation and chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Ingiosi AM, Frank MG. Noradrenergic Signaling in Astrocytes Influences Mammalian Sleep Homeostasis. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:332-345. [PMID: 35892990 PMCID: PMC9326550 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes influence sleep expression and regulation, but the cellular signaling pathways involved in these processes are poorly defined. We proposed that astrocytes detect and integrate a neuronal signal that accumulates during wakefulness, thereby leading to increased sleep drive. Noradrenaline (NA) satisfies several criteria for a waking signal integrated by astrocytes. We therefore investigated the role of NA signaling in astrocytes in mammalian sleep. We conditionally knocked out (cKO) β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) selectively in astrocytes in mice and recorded electroencephalographic and electromyographic activity under baseline conditions and in response to sleep deprivation (SDep). cKO of astroglial β2-ARs increased active phase siesta duration under baseline conditions and reduced homeostatic compensatory changes in sleep consolidation and non-rapid eye movement slow-wave activity (SWA) after SDep. Overall, astroglial NA β2-ARs influence mammalian sleep homeostasis in a manner consistent with our proposed model of neuronal-astroglial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Ingiosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
- Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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6
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Cable J, Schernhammer E, Hanlon EC, Vetter C, Cedernaes J, Makarem N, Dashti HS, Shechter A, Depner C, Ingiosi A, Blume C, Tan X, Gottlieb E, Benedict C, Van Cauter E, St-Onge MP. Sleep and circadian rhythms: pillars of health-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:18-34. [PMID: 34341993 PMCID: PMC8688158 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human circadian system consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral molecular clocks located in organs throughout the body. This system plays a major role in the temporal organization of biological and physiological processes, such as body temperature, blood pressure, hormone secretion, gene expression, and immune functions, which all manifest consistent diurnal patterns. Many facets of modern life, such as work schedules, travel, and social activities, can lead to sleep/wake and eating schedules that are misaligned relative to the biological clock. This misalignment can disrupt and impair physiological and psychological parameters that may ultimately put people at higher risk for chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate sleep circadian rhythms may ultimately lead to insights on behavioral interventions that can lower the risk of these diseases. On February 25, 2021, experts in sleep, circadian rhythms, and chronobiology met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Sleep & Circadian Rhythms: Pillars of Health" to discuss the latest research for understanding the bidirectional relationships between sleep, circadian rhythms, and health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin C Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Shechter
- Department of Medicine and Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Depner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elie Gottlieb
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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7
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to modulate neuronal signaling in homeostasis and diseases. In homeostasis, IL-1 regulates sleep and memory formation, whereas in diseases, IL-1 impairs memory and alters affect. Interestingly, IL-1 can cause long-lasting changes in behavior, suggesting IL-1 can alter neuroplasticity. The neuroplastic effects of IL-1 are mediated via its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 Type 1 Receptor (IL-1R1), and are dependent on the distribution and cell type(s) of IL-1R1 expression. Recent reports found that IL-1R1 expression is restricted to discrete subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells and suggest IL-1 can influence neural circuits directly through neuronal IL-1R1 or indirectly via non-neuronal IL-1R1. In this review, we analyzed multiple mechanisms by which IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling might impact neuroplasticity based upon the most up-to-date literature and provided potential explanations to clarify discrepant and confusing findings reported in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Nemeth
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
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8
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Choudhury ME, Miyanishi K, Takeda H, Tanaka J. Microglia and the Aging Brain: Are Geriatric Microglia Linked to Poor Sleep Quality? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157824. [PMID: 34360590 PMCID: PMC8345993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality and disrupted circadian behavior are a normal part of aging and include excessive daytime sleepiness, increased sleep fragmentation, and decreased total sleep time and sleep quality. Although the neuronal decline underlying the cellular mechanism of poor sleep has been extensively investigated, brain function is not fully dependent on neurons. A recent antemortem autographic study and postmortem RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical studies on aged human brain have investigated the relationship between sleep fragmentation and activation of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. In the process of aging, there are marked reductions in the number of brain microglial cells, and the depletion of microglial cells disrupts circadian rhythmicity of brain tissue. We also showed, in a previous study, that pharmacological suppression of microglial function induced sleep abnormalities. However, the mechanism underlying the contribution of microglial cells to sleep homeostasis is only beginning to be understood. This review revisits the impact of aging on the microglial population and activation, as well as microglial contribution to sleep maintenance and response to sleep loss. Most importantly, this review will answer questions such as whether there is any link between senescent microglia and age-related poor quality sleep and how this exacerbates neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (J.T.)
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9
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Sannita WG, Bragazzi NL, Scoditti E. Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, Immunity, and Fragility in the Elderly: The Model of the Susceptibility to Infections. Front Neurol 2021; 11:558417. [PMID: 33391142 PMCID: PMC7775525 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.558417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Neurophysiopathology Center, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter G Sannita
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Polyclinic Hospital San Martino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
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10
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Ingiosi AM, Hayworth CR, Harvey DO, Singletary KG, Rempe MJ, Wisor JP, Frank MG. A Role for Astroglial Calcium in Mammalian Sleep and Sleep Regulation. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4373-4383.e7. [PMID: 32976809 PMCID: PMC7919541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sleep expression and regulation have historically been thought to reflect the activity of neurons. Changes in other brain cells (glia) across the sleep-wake cycle and their role in sleep regulation are comparatively unexplored. We show that sleep and wakefulness are accompanied by state-dependent changes in astroglial activity. Using a miniature microscope in freely behaving mice and a two-photon microscope in head-fixed, unanesthetized mice, we show that astroglial calcium signals are highest in wake and lowest in sleep and are most pronounced in astroglial processes. We also find that astroglial calcium signals during non-rapid eye movement sleep change in proportion to sleep need. In contrast to neurons, astrocytes become less synchronized during non-rapid eye movement sleep after sleep deprivation at the network and single-cell level. Finally, we show that conditionally reducing intracellular calcium in astrocytes impairs the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. Thus, astroglial calcium activity changes dynamically across vigilance states, is proportional to sleep need, and is a component of the sleep homeostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Christopher R Hayworth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Daniel O Harvey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristan G Singletary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Michael J Rempe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Whitworth University, West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, WA 99251, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
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11
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Oles V, Koh KMS, Dykstra-Aiello CJ, Savenkova M, Gibbons CM, Nguyen JT, Karatsoreos I, Panchenko A, Krueger JM. Sleep- and time of day-linked RNA transcript expression in wild-type and IL1 receptor accessory protein-null mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1506-1522. [PMID: 32324480 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00839.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep regulation involves interleukin-1β (IL1) family members, TNF, and circadian clock genes. Previously, we characterized spontaneous sleep and sleep after 8 h of sleep deprivation (SD) ending at zeitgeber time (ZT)4 and ZT16 in wild-type (WT) and IL1 receptor accessory protein (AcP)- and brain-specific AcP (AcPb)-knockout (KO) mice. Here, we applied quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Spearman gene pair expression correlation methods to characterize IL1, IL1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), AcP, AcPb, Period 1 (Per1), Clock, adenosine deaminase (Ada), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (Pglyrp1), and TNF mRNA expressions under conditions with distinct sleep phenotypes. In WT mice, IL1, IL1R1, AcP, Ada, and Clock mRNAs were higher at ZT4 (mid-sleep period) than at ZT16. mRNA expressions differed substantially in AcP and AcPb KO mice at those times. After SD ending at ZT4, only WT mice had a non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) rebound, and AcPb and IL1R1 mRNA increases were unique to WT mice. In AcPb KO mice, which have spontaneous high EEG slow wave power, AcP and Pglyrp1 mRNAs were elevated relative to WT mice at ZT4. At ZT4, the AcPb KO - WT Spearman correlation difference networks showed high positive correlations between IL1R1 and IL1, Per1, and Clock and high negative correlations between TNF and Pglyrp1 and Ada. At ZT16, the WT mice gene pair expression network was mostly negative, whereas in AcP KO mice, which have substantially more rapid eye movement sleep than WT mice, it was all positive. We conclude that gene pair expression correlations depend on the presence of AcP and AcPb.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spearman gene pair expression correlations depend upon the presence or absence of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein and upon sleep phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Oles
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Khia Min Sabrina Koh
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - Marina Savenkova
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Cody M Gibbons
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph T Nguyen
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ilia Karatsoreos
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Alexander Panchenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - James M Krueger
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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12
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Garofalo S, Picard K, Limatola C, Nadjar A, Pascual O, Tremblay MÈ. Role of Glia in the Regulation of Sleep in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:687-712. [PMID: 32163207 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a naturally occurring physiological state that is required to sustain physical and mental health. Traditionally viewed as strictly regulated by top-down control mechanisms, sleep is now known to also originate locally. Glial cells are emerging as important contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, locally and among dedicated neural circuits. A few pioneering studies revealed that astrocytes and microglia may influence sleep pressure, duration as well as intensity, but the precise involvement of these two glial cells in the regulation of sleep remains to be fully addressed, across contexts of health and disease. In this overview article, we will first summarize the literature pertaining to the role of astrocytes and microglia in the regulation of sleep under normal physiological conditions. Afterward, we will discuss the beneficial and deleterious consequences of glia-mediated neuroinflammation, whether it is acute, or chronic and associated with brain diseases, on the regulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances are a main comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, and in several brain diseases that include pain, epilepsy, and cancer. Identifying the relationships between glia-mediated neuroinflammation, sleep-wake rhythm disruption and brain diseases may have important implications for the treatment of several disorders. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:687-712, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Picard
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Pascual
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Départment de médecine moleculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Klaus C, Hansen JN, Ginolhac A, Gérard D, Gnanapragassam VS, Horstkorte R, Rossdam C, Buettner FFR, Sauter T, Sinkkonen L, Neumann H, Linnartz-Gerlach B. Reduced sialylation triggers homeostatic synapse and neuronal loss in middle-aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:91-107. [PMID: 32087947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) receptors are linked to neurodegenerative processes, but the role of sialic acids in physiological aging is still not fully understood. We investigated the impact of reduced sialylation in the brain of mice heterozygous for the enzyme glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE+/-) that is essential for sialic acid biosynthesis. We demonstrate that GNE+/- mice have hyposialylation in different brain regions, less synapses in the hippocampus and reduced microglial arborization already at 6 months followed by increased loss of neurons at 12 months. A transcriptomic analysis revealed no pro-inflammatory changes indicating an innate homeostatic immune process leading to the removal of synapses and neurons in GNE+/- mice during aging. Crossbreeding with complement C3-deficient mice rescued the earlier onset of neuronal and synaptic loss as well as the changes in microglial arborization. Thus, sialic acids of the glycocalyx contribute to brain homeostasis and act as a recognition system for the innate immune system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Klaus
- Neural Regeneration, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- Biophysical Imaging, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- Epigenetics Team, Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Deborah Gérard
- Epigenetics Team, Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Vinayaga S Gnanapragassam
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Charlotte Rossdam
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Epigenetics Team, Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Epigenetics Team, Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Harald Neumann
- Neural Regeneration, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bettina Linnartz-Gerlach
- Neural Regeneration, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Nguyen J, Gibbons CM, Dykstra-Aiello C, Ellingsen R, Koh KMS, Taishi P, Krueger JM. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory proteins are required for normal homeostatic responses to sleep deprivation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:770-780. [PMID: 31295066 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00366.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL1) is a sleep regulatory substance. The IL1/IL1 type 1 receptor complex requires a receptor accessory protein (AcP) to signal. There are three isoforms of AcP. In the current experiments, mice lacking a neuron-specific isoform, called AcPb knockout (AcPb KO), or mice lacking AcP + AcPb isoforms (AcP KO) or wild-type (WT) mice were used. Spontaneous sleep and sleep responses to sleep deprivation (SD) between zeitgeber time (ZT) 20-ZT4 and ZT8-ZT16 were characterized. Furthermore, somatosensory cortical protein extracts were examined for phosphorylated (p) proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase sarcoma (Src) and p38MAPK levels at ZT4 and ZT16 and after SD. Spontaneous sleep was similar in the three strains, except rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) duration between ZT12-ZT16 was greater in AcP KO than WT mice. After SD at ZT4, only WT mice had non-REMS (NREMS) rebounds. All mouse strains lacked an NREMS rebound after SD at ZT16. All strains after both SD periods had REMS rebounds. AcPb KO mice, but not AcP KO mice, had greater EEG delta wave (0.5-4 Hz) power during NREMS than WT mice. p-Src was very low at ZT16 but high at ZT4, whereas p-p38MAPK was low at ZT4 and high at ZT16. p-p38MAPK levels were not sensitive to SD. In contrast, p-Src levels were less after SD at the P = 0.08 level of significance in the strains lacking AcPb. We conclude that AcPb is required for NREMS responses to sleep loss, but not for SD-induced EEG delta wave or REMS responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interleukin-1β (IL1), a well-characterized sleep regulatory substance, requires an IL1 receptor accessory protein (AcP); one of its isoforms is neuron-specific (called AcPb). We showed that in mice, AcPb is required for nonrapid eye movement sleep responses following 8 h of sleep loss ending 4 h after daybreak but did not affect rapid eye movement sleep rebound. Sleep loss reduced phosphorylation of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase sarcoma but not of the less sensitive p38MAPK, downstream IL1 signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nguyen
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Cody M Gibbons
- School of Medicine University of Washington, Spokane, Washington
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | - Khia Min Sabrina Koh
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - James M Krueger
- Department Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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15
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Ingiosi AM, Schoch H, Wintler T, Singletary KG, Righelli D, Roser LG, Medina E, Risso D, Frank MG, Peixoto L. Shank3 modulates sleep and expression of circadian transcription factors. eLife 2019; 8:e42819. [PMID: 30973326 PMCID: PMC6488297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in the United States and often co-presents with sleep problems. Sleep problems in ASD predict the severity of ASD core diagnostic symptoms and have a considerable impact on the quality of life of caregivers. Little is known, however, about the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep problems in ASD. We investigated the role of Shank3, a high confidence ASD gene candidate, in sleep architecture and regulation. We show that mice lacking exon 21 of Shank3 have problems falling asleep even when sleepy. Using RNA-seq we show that sleep deprivation increases the differences in prefrontal cortex gene expression between mutants and wild types, downregulating circadian transcription factors Per3, Bhlhe41, Hlf, Tef, and Nr1d1. Shank3 mutants also have trouble regulating wheel-running activity in constant darkness. Overall, our study shows that Shank3 is an important modulator of sleep and clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Taylor Wintler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Kristan G Singletary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Dario Righelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “M. Picone”Consiglio Nazionale della RicercheNapoliItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali Management & Innovation SystemsUniversity of FuscianoFiscianoItaly
| | - Leandro G Roser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversitySpokaneUnited States
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16
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Thomasy HE, Opp MR. Hypocretin Mediates Sleep and Wake Disturbances in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:802-814. [PMID: 30136622 PMCID: PMC6387567 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Post-TBI sleep and wake disturbances are extremely common and difficult for patients to manage. Sleep and wake disturbances contribute to poor functional and emotional outcomes from TBI, yet effective therapies remain elusive. A more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying post-TBI sleep and wake disturbance will facilitate development of effective pharmacotherapies. Previous research in human patients and animal models indicates that altered hypocretinergic function may be a major contributor to sleep-wake disturbance after TBI. In this study, we further elucidate the role of hypocretin by determining the impact of TBI on sleep-wake behavior of hypocretin knockout (HCRT KO) mice. Adult male C57BL/6J and HCRT KO mice were implanted with electroencephalography recording electrodes, and pre-injury baseline recordings were obtained. Mice were then subjected to either moderate TBI or sham surgery. Additional recordings were obtained and sleep-wake behavior determined at 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after TBI or sham procedures. At baseline, HCRT KO mice had a significantly different sleep-wake phenotype than control C57BL/6J mice. Post-TBI sleep-wake behavior was altered in a genotype-dependent manner: sleep of HCRT KO mice was not altered by TBI, whereas C57BL/6J mice had more non-rapid eye movement sleep, less wakefulness, and more short wake bouts and fewer long wake bouts. Numbers of hypocretin-positive cells were reduced in C57BL/6J mice by TBI. Collectively, these data indicate that the hypocretinergic system is involved in the alterations in sleep-wake behavior that develop after TBI in this model, and suggest potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Thomasy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Nguyen JT, Sahabandu D, Taishi P, Xue M, Jewett K, Dykstra-Aiello C, Roy S, Krueger JM. The neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein alters emergent network state properties in Vitro. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2019; 6:35-43. [PMID: 31106280 PMCID: PMC6519741 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small in vitro neuronal/glial networks exhibit sleep-like states. Sleep regulatory substance interleukin-1β (IL1) signals via its type I receptor and a receptor accessory protein (AcP). AcP has a neuron-specific isoform called AcPb. After sleep deprivation, AcPb, but not AcP, upregulates in brain, and mice lacking AcPb lack sleep rebound. Herein we used action potentials (APs), AP burstiness, synchronization of electrical activity (SYN), and delta wave (0.5–3.75 Hz) power to characterize cortical culture network state. Homologous parameters are used in vivo to characterize sleep. Cortical cells from 1–2-day-old pups from AcP knockout (KO, lacking both AcP and AcPb), AcPb KO (lacking only AcPb), and wild type (WT) mice were cultured separately on multi-electrode arrays. Recordings of spontaneous activity were taken each day during days 4–14 in vitro. In addition, cultures were treated with IL1, or in separate experiments, stimulated electrically to determine evoked response potentials (ERPs). In AcP KO cells, the maturation of network properties accelerated compared to those from cells lacking only AcPb. In contrast, the lack of AcPb delayed spontaneous network emergence of sleep-linked properties. The addition of IL1 enhanced delta wave power in WT cells but not in AcP KO or AcPb KO cells. The ontology of electrically-induced ERPs was delayed in AcP KO cells. We conclude IL1 signaling has a critical role in the emergence of sleep-linked network behavior with AcP playing a dominant role in the slowing of development while AcPb enhances development rates of sleep-linked emergent network properties. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcP) is required for normal development of neuronal/glial network emergent electrophysiological properties. The neuron-specific isoform of AcP, AcPb, is required for enhancement of delta wave power by interleukin-1. Results provide further support for a) interleukin-1’s involvement in sleep regulation b) that it enhances sleep via AcPb and c) that sleep is a property of mature neuronal/glial networks whether in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dinuka Sahabandu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mengran Xue
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn Jewett
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington. Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Sandip Roy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - James M. Krueger
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
- Correspondence to: P.O. Box 1495 Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
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18
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Time and frequency dependent changes in resting state EEG functional connectivity following lipopolysaccharide challenge in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206985. [PMID: 30418990 PMCID: PMC6231634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that inflammatory processes affect brain function and behavior through several neuroimmune pathways. However, high order brain functions affected by inflammation largely remain to be defined. Resting state functional connectivity of synchronized oscillatory activity is a valid approach to understand network processing and high order brain function under different experimental conditions. In the present study multi-electrode EEG recording in awake, freely moving rats was used to study resting state connectivity after administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Male Wistar rats were implanted with 10 cortical surface electrodes and administered with LPS (2 mg/kg) and monitored for symptoms of sickness at 3, 6 and 24 h. Resting state connectivity and power were computed at baseline, 6 and 24 h. Three prominent connectivity bands were identified using a method resistant to spurious correlation: alpha (5–15 Hz), beta-gamma (20–80 Hz), and high frequency oscillation (150–200 Hz). The most prominent connectivity band, alpha, was strongly reduced 6 h after LPS administration, and returned to baseline at 24 h. Beta-gamma connectivity was also reduced at 6 h and remained reduced at 24 h. Interestingly, high frequency oscillation connectivity remained unchanged at 6 h and was impaired 24 h after LPS challenge. Expected elevations in delta and theta power were observed at 6 h after LPS administration, when behavioral symptoms of sickness were maximal. Notably, gamma and high frequency power were reduced 6 h after LPS and returned to baseline by 24 h, when the effects on connectivity were more evident. Finally, increases in cross-frequency coupling elicited by LPS were detected at 6 h for theta-gamma and at 24 h for theta-high frequency oscillations. These studies show that LPS challenge profoundly affects EEG connectivity across all identified bands in a time-dependent manner indicating that inflammatory processes disrupt both bottom-up and top-down communication across the cortex during the peak and resolution of inflammation.
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19
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Krueger JM, Nguyen JT, Dykstra-Aiello CJ, Taishi P. Local sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 43:14-21. [PMID: 30502497 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The historic sleep regulatory paradigm invokes "top-down" imposition of sleep on the brain by sleep regulatory circuits. While remaining conceptually useful, many sleep phenomena are difficult to explain using that paradigm, including, unilateral sleep, sleep-walking, and poor performance after sleep deprivation. Further, all animals sleep after non-lethal brain lesions, regardless of whether the lesion includes sleep regulatory circuits, suggesting that sleep is a fundamental property of small viable neuronal/glial networks. That small areas of the brain can exhibit non-rapid eye movement sleep-like states is summarized. Further, sleep-like states in neuronal/glial cultures are described. The local sleep states, whether in vivo or in vitro, share electrophysiological properties and molecular regulatory components with whole animal sleep and exhibit sleep homeostasis. The molecular regulatory components of sleep are also involved in plasticity and inflammation. Like sleep, these processes, are initiated by local cell-activity dependent events, yet have at higher levels of tissue organization whole body functions. While there are large literatures dealing with local initiation and regulation of plasticity and inflammation, the literature surrounding local sleep is in its infancy and clinical applications of the local sleep concept are absent. Regardless, the local use-dependent sleep paradigm can advise and advance future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Krueger
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph T Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl J Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ping Taishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Spokane, WA, USA
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Cooper JM, Halter KA, Prosser RA. Circadian rhythm and sleep-wake systems share the dynamic extracellular synaptic milieu. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 5:15-36. [PMID: 31236509 PMCID: PMC6584685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian and sleep-wake systems are closely aligned through their coordinated regulation of daily activity patterns. Although they differ in their anatomical organization and physiological processes, they utilize overlapping regulatory mechanisms that include an assortment of proteins and molecules interacting within the extracellular space. These extracellular factors include proteases that interact with soluble proteins, membrane-attached receptors and the extracellular matrix; and cell adhesion molecules that can form complex scaffolds connecting adjacent neurons, astrocytes and their respective intracellular cytoskeletal elements. Astrocytes also participate in the dynamic regulation of both systems through modulating neuronal appositions, the extracellular space and/or through release of gliotransmitters that can further contribute to the extracellular signaling processes. Together, these extracellular elements create a system that integrates rapid neurotransmitter signaling across longer time scales and thereby adjust neuronal signaling to reflect the daily fluctuations fundamental to both systems. Here we review what is known about these extracellular processes, focusing specifically on areas of overlap between the two systems. We also highlight questions that still need to be addressed. Although we know many of the extracellular players, far more research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which they modulate the circadian and sleep-wake systems.
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Key Words
- ADAM, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase
- AMPAR, AMPA receptor
- Astrocytes
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BMAL1, Brain and muscle Arnt-like-1 protein
- Bmal1, Brain and muscle Arnt-like-1 gene
- CAM, cell adhesion molecules
- CRY, cryptochrome protein
- Cell adhesion molecules
- Circadian rhythms
- Cry, cryptochrome gene
- DD, dark-dark
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECS, extracellular space
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- Endo N, endoneuraminidase N
- Extracellular proteases
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- IL, interleukin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LC, locus coeruleus
- LD, light-dark
- LH, lateral hypothalamus
- LRP-1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinases
- NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule protein
- NMDAR, NMDA receptor
- NO, nitric oxide
- NST, nucleus of the solitary tract
- Ncam, neural cell adhesion molecule gene
- Nrl, neuroligin gene
- Nrx, neurexin gene
- P2, purine type 2 receptor
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PER, period protein
- PPT, peduculopontine tegmental nucleus
- PSA, polysialic acid
- Per, period gene
- REMS, rapid eye movement sleep
- RSD, REM sleep disruption
- SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus
- SWS, slow wave sleep
- Sleep-wake system
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TTFL, transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
- VLPO, ventrolateral preoptic
- VP, vasopressin
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- dNlg4, drosophila neuroligin-4 gene
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene
- nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein
- tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator
- uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- uPAR, uPA receptor
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Dittrich L, Petese A, Jackson WS. The natural Disc1-deletion present in several inbred mouse strains does not affect sleep. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5665. [PMID: 28720848 PMCID: PMC5515846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene Disrupted in Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is linked to a range of psychiatric disorders. Two recent transgenic studies suggest DISC1 is also involved in homeostatic sleep regulation. Several strains of inbred mice commonly used for genome manipulation experiments, including several Swiss and likely all 129 substrains, carry a natural deletion mutation of Disc1. This constitutes a potential confound for studying sleep in genetically modified mice. Since disturbed sleep can also influence psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease models, this putative confound might affect a wide range of studies in several fields. Therefore, we asked to what extent the natural Disc1 deletion affects sleep. To this end, we first compared sleep and electroencephalogram (EEG) phenotypes of 129S4 mice carrying the Disc1 deletion and C57BL/6N mice carrying the full-length version. We then bred Disc1 from C57BL/6N into the 129S4 background, resulting in S4-Disc1 mice. The differences between 129S4 and C57BL/6N were not detected in the 129S4 to S4-Disc1 comparison. We conclude that the mutation has no effect on the measured sleep and EEG characteristics. Thus, it is unlikely the widespread Disc1 deletion has led to spurious results in previous sleep studies or that it alters sleep in mouse models of psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dittrich
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str, 27 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Petese
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str, 27 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str, 27 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Thomasy HE, Febinger HY, Ringgold KM, Gemma C, Opp MR. Hypocretinergic and cholinergic contributions to sleep-wake disturbances in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2016; 2:71-84. [PMID: 31236496 PMCID: PMC6575582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of sleep and wakefulness occur in the majority of individuals who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI), with increased sleep need and excessive daytime sleepiness often reported. Behavioral and pharmacological therapies have limited efficacy, in part, because the etiology of post-TBI sleep disturbances is not well understood. Severity of injuries resulting from head trauma in humans is highly variable, and as a consequence so are their sequelae. Here, we use a controlled laboratory model to investigate the effects of TBI on sleep-wake behavior and on candidate neurotransmitter systems as potential mediators. We focus on hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), hypothalamic neuropeptides important for regulating sleep and wakefulness, and two potential downstream effectors of hypocretin actions, histamine and acetylcholine. Adult male C57BL/6 mice (n=6-10/group) were implanted with EEG recording electrodes and baseline recordings were obtained. After baseline recordings, controlled cortical impact was used to induce mild or moderate TBI. EEG recordings were obtained from the same animals at 7 and 15 days post-surgery. Separate groups of animals (n=6-8/group) were used to determine effects of TBI on the numbers of hypocretin and MCH-producing neurons in the hypothalamus, histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus, and cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. At 15 days post-TBI, wakefulness was decreased and NREM sleep was increased during the dark period in moderately injured animals. There were no differences between groups in REM sleep time, nor were there differences between groups in sleep during the light period. TBI effects on hypocretin and cholinergic neurons were such that more severe injury resulted in fewer cells. Numbers of MCH neurons and histaminergic neurons were not altered under the conditions of this study. Thus, we conclude that moderate TBI in mice reduces wakefulness and increases NREM sleep during the dark period, effects that may be mediated by hypocretin-producing neurons and/or downstream cholinergic effectors in the basal forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Thomasy
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Heidi Y Febinger
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristyn M Ringgold
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Carmelina Gemma
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mark R Opp
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Ingiosi AM, Opp MR. Sleep and immunomodulatory responses to systemic lipopolysaccharide in mice selectively expressing interleukin-1 receptor 1 on neurons or astrocytes. Glia 2016; 64:780-91. [PMID: 26775112 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake behavior is altered in response to immune challenge. Although the precise mechanisms that govern sickness-induced changes in sleep are not fully understood, interleukin-1β (IL-1) is one mediator of these responses. To better understand mechanisms underlying sleep and inflammatory responses to immune challenge, we used two transgenic mouse strains that express IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1R1) only in the central nervous system and selectively on neurons or astrocytes. Electroencephalographic recordings from transgenic and wild-type mice reveal that systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fragments sleep, suppresses rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), increases non-REMS (NREMS), diminishes NREM delta power, and induces fever in all genotypes. However, the magnitude of REMS suppression is greater in mice expressing IL1R1 on astrocytes compared with mice in which IL1R1 is selectively expressed on neurons. Furthermore, there is a delayed increase in NREM delta power when IL1R1 is expressed on astrocytes. LPS-induced sleep fragmentation is reduced in mice expressing IL1R1 on neurons. Although LPS increases IL-1 and IL-6 in brain of all genotypes, this response is attenuated when IL1R1 is expressed selectively on neurons or on astrocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that in these transgenic mice under the conditions of this study it is neuronal IL1R1 that plays a greater role in LPS-induced suppression of REMS and NREM delta power, whereas astroglial IL1R1 is more important for sleep fragmentation after this immune challenge. Thus, aspects of central responses to LPS are modulated by IL1R1 in a cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Ingiosi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark R Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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