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Hu HS, Sun BQ. Understanding the etiology of mental health problems in post-rehabilitation COVID-19 patients: Insights and strategies for effective intervention. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5308-5312. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i23.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on an article by Alhammad et al that was published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases (Manuscript No.: 91134). We specifically focus on the mental health problems caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their mechanisms, and targeted rehabilitation strategies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, via its spike protein, binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and other receptors prior to infiltrating diverse cells within the central nervous system, including endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, thereby contributing to the development of mental illnesses. Epidemiological data from 2020 underscored the global upsurge in major depressive and anxiety disorders by 27.6% and 25.6%, respectively, during the pandemic. The commented research show that 30% of post-intensive care unit discharge patients with COVID-19 in the Arabic region exhibited Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores that were indicative of anxiety and depression. While acknowledging psychosocial factors, such as grief and loss, it is crucial to recognize the potential neurological impact of the virus through various mechanisms. Accordingly, interventions that encompass dietary measures, health supplements, and traditional Chinese medicine with neuroprotective properties are necessary. This editorial underscores the urgency to implement comprehensive rehabilitation approaches to address the intricate interplay between COVID-19 and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Hu
- Guangzhou Respiratory Health Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Qing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
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Schrempft S, Pullen N, Baysson H, Zaballa ME, Lamour J, Lorthe E, Nehme M, Guessous I, Stringhini S. Mental health trajectories among the general population and higher-risk groups following the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland, 2021-2023. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:277-286. [PMID: 38772508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health deteriorated in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, but improved relatively quickly as restrictions were eased, suggesting overall resilience. However, longer-term follow-up of mental health in the general population is scarce. METHODS We examined mental health trajectories in 5624 adults (58 % women; aged 18-97 years) from the Specchio-COVID19 cohort, using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, administered each month from February to June 2021, and in Spring 2022 and 2023. RESULTS Depressive and anxiety symptoms declined during a pandemic wave from February to May 2021 (β = -0.06 [-0.07, -0.06]; -0.06 [-0.07, -0.05]), and remained lower at longer-term follow-up than at the start of the wave. Loneliness also declined over time, with the greatest decline during the pandemic wave (β = -0.25 [-0.26, -0.24]). Many higher-risk groups, including socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, those with a chronic condition, and those living alone had poorer mental health levels throughout the study period. Women and younger individuals had a faster improvement in mental health during the pandemic wave. Loneliness trajectories were associated with mental health trajectories throughout the study period. LIMITATIONS We cannot definitively conclude that the observed changes in mental health were due to experiences of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS While there was a need for additional mental health support during stricter policy responses to COVID-19, overall, mental health improved relatively soon after measures were eased. Nevertheless, the persistence of mental health disparities highlights the need for further efforts from the government and healthcare practitioners to support vulnerable groups beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schrempft
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nick Pullen
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baysson
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María-Eugenia Zaballa
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Lamour
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Paris (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Mayssam Nehme
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li RR, Zhang BM, Rong SR, Li H, Shi PF, Wang YC. Fifteen acute retrobulbar optic neuritis associated with COVID-19: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4827-4835. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i21.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subtype of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is suggested to be responsible for the outbreak in Northern China since the quarantine was lifted in December 2022. The coronavirus disease 2019 virus is primarily responsible for the development of respiratory illnesses, however, it can present a plethora of symptoms affecting a myriad of body organs. This virus has been theorized to be linked to demyelinating lesions of the peripheral and central nervous system including transverse myelitis and acute retrobulbar optic neuritis (ARON). For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit and brain showed enlargement of the retrobulbar intraorbital segments of the optic nerve with high T2 signal, and no abnormalities were seen in the brain tissue. In this case series, we analyzed the connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the onset of ARON.
CASE SUMMARY Fifteen patients, and a teenage boy who did not have any pre-existing ocular or demyelinating diseases suddenly experienced a loss of vision after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients expressed a central scotoma and a fever as the primary concern. The results of the fundus photography were found to be normal. However, the automated perimetry and MRI scans showed evidence of some typical signs. Out of the 15 patients diagnosed with ARON after SARS-CoV-2 infection, only one individual tested positive for the aquaporin-4 antibody.
CONCLUSION Direct viral invasion of the central nervous system and an immune-related process are the two primary causes of SARS-CoV-2-related ARON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bao-Ming Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Su-Ran Rong
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shi
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yun-Chang Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai 054001, Hebei Province, China
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Oliveira KB, de Souza FMA, de Sá LBM, Pacheco ALD, Prado MR, de Sousa Rodrigues CF, Bassi ÊJ, Santana-Melo I, Silva-Júnior A, Sabino-Silva R, Shetty AK, de Castro OW. Potential Mechanisms Underlying COVID-19-Mediated Central and Peripheral Demyelination: Roles of the RAAS and ADAM-17. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04329-8. [PMID: 38965171 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Demyelination is among the most conspicuous neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in both the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying demyelination in COVID-19. However, none have considered the SARS-CoV-2's effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Therefore, our objective in this review is to evaluate how RAAS imbalance, caused by direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, could contribute to myelin loss in the PNS and CNS. In the PNS, we propose that demyelination transpires from two significant changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which include upregulation of ADAM-17 and induction of lymphopenia. Whereas, in the CNS, demyelination could result from RAAS imbalance triggering two alterations: (1) a decrease in angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) activity, responsible for restraining defense cells' action on myelin; (2) upregulation of ADAM-17 activity, leading to impaired maturation of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation. Thus, we hypothesize that increased ADAM-17 activity and decreased AT2R activity play roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated demyelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellysson Bruno Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Araujo de Souza
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Barros Maurício de Sá
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda Larissa Dias Pacheco
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Reis Prado
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Célio Fernando de Sousa Rodrigues
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Ênio José Bassi
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Santana-Melo
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, Km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió, AL, CEP, 57072-970, Brazil.
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Jamora RDG, Jalipa FGU, Villanueva III EQ, Sy MCC, Espiritu AI, Anlacan VMM. Clinical outcomes of patients with seizure admitted for COVID-19: Findings from the Philippine CORONA study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32461. [PMID: 38933946 PMCID: PMC11201110 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Seizure is one of the neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. There are few studies focused on the outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and seizure. Methods This was a subgroup analysis of patients with seizure based on a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 37 hospitals in the Philippines. Results A total of 10,881 patients with COVID-19 infection were included. Among these, 27 (0.2 %) patients had pre-existing seizure/epilepsy and 125 (1.1 %) had new-onset seizure. The patients with pre-existing seizure/epilepsy had a mean age of 49 years and majority were males (63.0 %). The patients with new-onset seizure had a mean age of 57 years and majority were males (60.5 %). Among patients with pre-existing seizure/epilepsy, there were no significant differences in the proportion of severe/critical COVID-19 (p = 0.131), all-cause mortality (p = 0.177), full/partial neurologic recovery (p = 0.190), ventilator use (p = 0.106), length of intensive care unit stay (p = 0.276), and length of hospitalization (p = 0.591). Patients with new-onset seizure were 2.65 times more likely to have severe/critical COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), 3.12 times more likely to die (p < 0.001), and 3.51 times more likely to require a ventilator (p < 0.001) than those without new-onset seizure. New-onset seizure, however, was not significantly associated with full/partial neurologic recovery (p = 0.184) and prolonged length of hospitalization (p = 0.050). Conclusion Severe/critical COVID-19 infection, higher mortality rate, and use of a ventilator were significantly higher among patients with new-onset seizure but not among patients with pre-existing seizure/epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Dominic G. Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines
| | - Francis Gerwin U. Jalipa
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emilio Q. Villanueva III
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marie Charmaine C. Sy
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Adrian I. Espiritu
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines
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Carvajal JJ, García-Castillo V, Cuellar SV, Campillay-Véliz CP, Salazar-Ardiles C, Avellaneda AM, Muñoz CA, Retamal-Díaz A, Bueno SM, González PA, Kalergis AM, Lay MK. New insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363572. [PMID: 38911850 PMCID: PMC11190347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the respiratory distress condition known as COVID-19. This disease broadly affects several physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal, renal, and central nervous (CNS) systems, significantly influencing the patient's overall quality of life. Additionally, numerous risk factors have been suggested, including gender, body weight, age, metabolic status, renal health, preexisting cardiomyopathies, and inflammatory conditions. Despite advances in understanding the genome and pathophysiological ramifications of COVID-19, its precise origins remain elusive. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with a receptor-binding domain within angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This receptor is expressed in various organs of different species, including humans, with different abundance. Although COVID-19 has multiorgan manifestations, the main pathologies occur in the lung, including pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, and secondary bacterial pneumonia. In the post-COVID-19 period, different sequelae may occur, which may have various causes, including the direct action of the virus, alteration of the immune response, and metabolic alterations during infection, among others. Recognizing the serious adverse health effects associated with COVID-19, it becomes imperative to comprehensively elucidate and discuss the existing evidence surrounding this viral infection, including those related to the pathophysiological effects of the disease and the subsequent consequences. This review aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 and its long-term effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan J. Carvajal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Valeria García-Castillo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Shelsy V. Cuellar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Center for Research in Physiology and Altitude Medicine (FIMEDALT), Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea M. Avellaneda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Christian A. Muñoz
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K. Lay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta (CIIBBA), University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Valaparla VL, Rane SP, Patel C, Li X. Guillain-Barre syndrome and link with COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a review of literature. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1396642. [PMID: 38899056 PMCID: PMC11185933 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1396642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity. A wide variety of infectious and non-infectious triggers have been identified to be associated with GBS. COVID-19 has gained attention in recent years for its role in GBS pathogenesis. Our study aims to review the literature on GBS and its epidemiological and pathophysiological association with COVID-19. Description Recent literature on GBS associated with COVID-19 infections, such as case reports, case series, systematic reviews, and large-scale epidemiological studies, were reviewed. We also reviewed studies that included vaccines against COVID-19 in association with GBS. Studies that focused on understanding the pathobiology of GBS and its association with infectious agents including COVID-19 were reviewed. Conclusion Despite a lack of consensus, GBS is strongly associated with COVID-19 infection. The exact pathophysiological mechanism regarding COVID-19 as a causative agent of GBS is unknown. Mechanisms, such as the proinflammatory state, triggering of autoimmunity, and direct viral invasion, are postulated and remain to be investigated. Adenovirus vector vaccines are most likely associated with GBS, and the consensual reports clearly suggest mRNA vaccines are associated with low risk and may be protective against GBS by reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiangping Li
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Koc ER, Turan ÖF, Mengüç B. Covid-19 infection as a possible risk factor for longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis! Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:193-196. [PMID: 35791090 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2098731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited data about the neurological effects of Covid-19 in infected patients. In this report, we present 2 LETM cases that are possibly associated with Covid-19 infection. METHODS Here, we present 2 cases that subsequently developed LETM following Covid-19 infection. The first case presented a finding of tetraparesis prominent in the lower extremities that started ten days after the Covid-19 infection. The second patient was admitted with paraparesis and urinary-stool retention on the 12th day from the onset of symptoms of Covid-19 infection. RESULTS In these 2 cases, LETM developing following Covid'19 infection was associated with Covid-19 infection. Although Covid-19 PCR was negative in the CSF of both patients, the Covid-19 PCR test was positive in the samples taken from the oropharynx. CONCLUSION The mechanism of LETM caused by Covid-19 infection is not clearly known. However, both direct infection of the spinal cord and excessive inflammatory response to primary Covid-19 infection may cause spinal cord damage. Therefore, possible Covid-19-associated myelitis should be kept in mind in cases of long segment transverse myelitis grouped under the title of NMOSD and without any etiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Rabia Koc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Bedirhan Mengüç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Gayoso Cantero D, Cantador Pavón E, Pérez Fernández E, Novillo López ME. Mild sensory symptoms during SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare professionals. Neurologia 2024; 39:392-398. [PMID: 37120111 PMCID: PMC10133882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is not yet possible to estimate the proportion of patients with COVID-19 who present distinguishable classical neurological symptoms and syndromes. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of sensory symptoms (hypoaesthesia, paraesthesia, and hyperalgesia) in physicians who have presented the disease at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA) in Madrid; to establish the relationship between sensory symptoms and the presence of other signs of infection; and to study their association with the severity of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. HUFA physicians who presented SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March and 25 July 2020 were included in the study. A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed via corporate email. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected from professionals with PCR- or serology-confirmed COVID-19. RESULTS The survey was sent to 801 physicians and we received 89 responses. The mean age of respondents was 38.28 years. A total of 17.98% presented sensory symptoms. A significant relationship was found between the presence of paraesthesia and cough, fever, myalgia, asthaenia, and dyspnoea. A significant relationship was also found between paraesthesia and the need for treatment and admission due to COVID-19. Sensory symptoms were present from the fifth day of illness in 87.4% of cases. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with sensory symptoms, mostly in severe cases. Sensory symptoms often appear after a time interval, and may be caused by a parainfectious syndrome with an autoimmunity background.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gayoso Cantero
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - E Cantador Pavón
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain.
| | - E Pérez Fernández
- Apoyo Metodológico y Análisis de Datos, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - M E Novillo López
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
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Hasan MS, Rahman MS, Das PK, Ul Alam AR, Islam OK, Al-Emran HM, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Alternative genome sequencing approaches of SARS-CoV-2 using Ion AmpliSeq Technology. MethodsX 2024; 12:102646. [PMID: 38524302 PMCID: PMC10957433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of SARS-CoV-2 genetic features is compulsory to track the ongoing pandemic across multiple geographical locations of the world. Thermo Fisher Scientific USA has developed the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Research Panel for the targeted sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genome with high coverage and lower error rate. In this study an alternative approach of complete genome sequencing has been validated using different commercial sequencing kits to sequence the SARS-CoV-2. Amplification of cDNA with the SARS-CoV-2 primer pool was performed separately using two different master mixes: 2X environmental master mix (EM) and Platinum™ PCR SuperMix High Fidelity master mix (PM) instead of 5X Ion AmpliSeq™ HiFi Mix whereas NEBNext® Fast DNA Library Prep Set for Ion Torrent™ kit was used as an alternative to Ion AmpliSeq Library Kit Plus for other reagents. This study demonstrated a successful procedure to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 whole genome with average ∼2351 depth and 98.1% of total the reads aligned against the reference sequence (SARS-CoV-2, isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome). Although genome coverage varied, complete genomes were retrieved for both reagent sets with a reduced cost. This study proposed an alternative approach of high throughput sequencing using Ion torrent technology for the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries where sequencing facilities are low. This blended sequencing technique also offers a low cost protocol in developing countries like Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shazid Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M. Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Prosanto Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - A.S.M. Rubayet Ul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ovinu Kibria Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan M. Al-Emran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Genome Centre, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- Genome Centre, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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11
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Granholm ACE, Englund E, Gilmore A, Head E, Yong WH, Perez SE, Guzman SJ, Hamlett ED, Mufson EJ. Neuropathological findings in Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and control patients with and without SARS-COV-2: preliminary findings. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:92. [PMID: 38801558 PMCID: PMC11130011 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that led to COVID-19 is associated with significant and long-lasting neurologic symptoms in many patients, with an increased mortality risk for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or Down syndrome (DS). However, few studies have evaluated the neuropathological and inflammatory sequelae in postmortem brain tissue obtained from AD and people with DS with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. We examined tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in DS, AD, and healthy non-demented controls with COVID-19 and compared with non-infected brain tissue from each disease group (total n = 24). A nested ANOVA was used to determine regional effects of the COVID-19 infection on arborization of astrocytes (Sholl analysis) and percent-stained area of Iba-1 and TMEM 119. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies labeled neurons and glial cells in the frontal cortex of all subjects with COVID-19, and in the hippocampus of two of the three DS COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2-related alterations were observed in peri-vascular astrocytes and microglial cells in the gray matter of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and para-hippocampal gyrus. Bright field microscopy revealed scattered intracellular and diffuse extracellular Aβ deposits in the hippocampus of controls with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Overall, the present preliminary findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections induce abnormal inflammatory responses in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Charlotte E Granholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Research Complex II, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anah Gilmore
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Research Complex II, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel J Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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12
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Östlind E, Ekstrand E, Axén I, Brogårdh C, Fänge AM, Stigmar K, Ekvall Hansson E. Dizziness-related disability in persons with post-COVID condition: A cross sectional study. J Vestib Res 2024:VES230064. [PMID: 38788105 DOI: 10.3233/ves-230064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dizziness is a common symptom in post-COVID condition (PCC) which may have a large impact on several life domains. However, knowledge on dizziness-severity and disability in PCC is sparse. OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe the severity of dizziness-related disability in individuals with PCC, and how it is manifested in daily life. METHODS A questionnaire regarding symptoms of PCC, health, and dizziness-related handicap was administered online, and 524 persons with PCC and dizziness were included. RESULTS Mean score of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory was 35.2 (24.0) and 51.8%, were classified as having moderate/severe dizziness-related disability. The percentage of maximum value for the subscales were: Physical manifestation, 48%, Emotional Impact, 36% and Catastrophic Impact, 17%. The greatest influence on physical movements was when bending forward, head shaking or doing strenuous physical activities or household chores. CONCLUSIONS Half had moderate or severe dizziness-related disability and the physical manifestations occurred mostly during specific or strenuous body movements. This indicate a vestibular impairment that may be effectively managed with vestibular rehabilitation. Assessment and treatment of dizziness might be an essential part in PCC rehabilitation and future research should continue to explore the potential causal pathways of dizziness in PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Östlind
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Dalby Healthcare Center, Dalby, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ekstrand
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Iben Axén
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Brogårdh
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Eva Ekvall Hansson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Ear-Nose and Throat Department, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Moreno E, Ciordia S, Fátima SM, Jiménez D, Martínez-Sanz J, Vizcarra P, Ron R, Sánchez-Conde M, Bargiela R, Sanchez-Carrillo S, Moreno S, Corrales F, Ferrer M, Serrano-Villar S. Proteomic snapshot of saliva samples predicts new pathways implicated in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:37. [PMID: 38778280 PMCID: PMC11112864 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the microbiome's human pathways and active members that can affect SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and pathogenesis in the salivary proteome is very scarce. Here, we studied a unique collection of samples harvested from April to June 2020 from unvaccinated patients. METHODS We compared 10 infected and hospitalized patients with severe (n = 5) and moderate (n = 5) coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with 10 uninfected individuals, including non-COVID-19 but susceptible individuals (n = 5) and non-COVID-19 and nonsusceptible healthcare workers with repeated high-risk exposures (n = 5). RESULTS By performing high-throughput proteomic profiling in saliva samples, we detected 226 unique differentially expressed (DE) human proteins between groups (q-value ≤ 0.05) out of 3376 unambiguously identified proteins (false discovery rate ≤ 1%). Major differences were observed between the non-COVID-19 and nonsusceptible groups. Bioinformatics analysis of DE proteins revealed human proteomic signatures related to inflammatory responses, central cellular processes, and antiviral activity associated with the saliva of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (p-value ≤ 0.0004). Discriminatory biomarker signatures from human saliva include cystatins, protective molecules present in the oral cavity, calprotectins, involved in cell cycle progression, and histones, related to nucleosome functions. The expression levels of two human proteins related to protein transport in the cytoplasm, DYNC1 (p-value, 0.0021) and MAPRE1 (p-value, 0.047), correlated with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plasma activity. Finally, the proteomes of microorganisms present in the saliva samples showed 4 main microbial functional features related to ribosome functioning that were overrepresented in the infected group. CONCLUSION Our study explores potential candidates involved in pathways implicated in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, although further studies in larger cohorts will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Milhano Fátima
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Carrillo
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Ye J, Huang Y, Chu C, Li J, Liu G, Li W, Gao C. Association Between Artificial Intelligence Based Chest Computed Tomography and Clinical/Laboratory Characteristics with Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2977-2989. [PMID: 38764494 PMCID: PMC11102184 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s456440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients with COVID-19 rapidly develop respiratory failure or mortality, underscoring the necessity for early identification of those prone to severe illness. Numerous studies focus on clinical and lab traits, but only few attend to chest computed tomography. The current study seeks to numerically quantify pulmonary lesions using early-phase CT scans calculated through artificial intelligence algorithms in conjunction with clinical and laboratory helps clinicians to early identify the development of severe illness and death in a group of COVID-19 patients. Methods From December 15, 2022, to January 30, 2023, 191 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent chest CT scans and serum tests within 48 hours prior to admission. Variables significantly linked to critical illness or mortality in univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate logistic regression models post collinearity assessment. Adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, receiver-operator-characteristics (ROC) curves, and area under the curve (AUC) were computed for predicting severity and in-hospital mortality. Results Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that myoglobin (OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005), APACHE II score (OR = 1.387, 95% CI 1.216-1.583), and the infected CT region percentage (OR = 113.897, 95% CI 4.939-2626.496) independently correlated with in-hospital COVID-19 mortality. Prealbumin stood as an independent safeguarding factor (OR = 0.965, 95% CI 0.947-0.984). Neutrophil counts (OR = 1.529, 95% CI 1.131-2.068), urea nitrogen (OR = 1.587, 95% CI 1.222-2.062), SOFA score(OR = 3.333, 95% CI 1.476-7.522), qSOFA score(OR = 15.197, 95% CI 3.281-70.384), PSI score(OR = 1.053, 95% CI 1.018-1.090), and the infected CT region percentage (OR = 548.221, 95% CI 2.615-114,953.586) independently linked to COVID-19 patient severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, Australia
| | - Caiting Chu
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjin Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Bozdemir K, Çallıoğlu EE, İslamoğlu Y, Ercan MK, Eser F, Özdem B, Kıraç A, Bayazıt D, Güner R, Babademez MA. Evaluation of the effects of Covid-19 on cochleovestibular system with audiovestibular tests. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:NP267-NP271. [PMID: 34991362 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211069916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on audiovestibular system with Transiently Evoked Distortion Otoacoustic Emissions (TOAE), Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE), video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric test. METHODS Audiovestibular findings of 24 patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 and 24 healthy controls were compared using pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, TOAE, DPOAE, caloric test, and vHIT. RESULTS On audiometry, the pure tone averages of the COVID-19 patients were higher than the controls (P = .038). The TEOAE amplitudes at 4000 and 5000 Hz (P = .006 and P < .01), and DPOAE amplitudes at 3000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (P < .001, P = .003 and P < .001) were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients compared to the controls. On vestibular tests, there was no significant difference between the caloric test results of the patients and the controls (P > .05). On vHIT testing, amplitudes of right semicircular canal was found to be significantly lower in COVID-19 group compared to the control group (P = .008). CONCLUSION COVID-19 may affect inner ear functions causing a subtle damage in the outer hair cells and lateral semicircular canals. It must be kept in mind that COVID-19 may cause cochleovestibular problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazım Bozdemir
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Ersoy Çallıoğlu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüce İslamoğlu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Eser
- Department of İnfectious Diseases and Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birsen Özdem
- Department of İnfectious Diseases and Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Kıraç
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Bayazıt
- Deparment of Audiology, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahmet Güner
- Department of İnfectious Diseases and Microbiology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Babademez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Cheyne I, Gopinath VS, Muppa N, Armas AE, Gil Agurto MS, Akula SA, Nagpal S, Yousaf MS, Haider A. The Neurological Implications of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60376. [PMID: 38887342 PMCID: PMC11181960 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 revealed a huge number of problems as well as discoveries in medicine, notably, regarding the effects of the virus on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). This paper is a narrative review that takes a deep dive into the complex interactions between COVID-19 and the NS. Therefore, this paper explains the broad range of neurological manifestations and neurodegenerative diseases caused by the virus. It carefully considers the routes through which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the NS, including the olfactory system and of course, the hematogenous route, which are also covered when discussing the virus's direct and indirect mechanisms of neuropathogenesis. Besides neurological pathologies such as stroke, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the focus area is also given to the challenges of making diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions during the pandemic. The review also examines the strategic and interventional approaches utilized to prevent these disorders, as well as the ACE2 receptors implicated in the mediation of neurological effects caused by COVID-19. This detailed overview, which combines research outputs with case data, is directed at tackling this pandemic challenge, with a view toward better patient care and outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithamar Cheyne
- Critical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, POL
| | | | - Neeharika Muppa
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Angel Emanuel Armas
- Internal Medicine, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Sai Abhigna Akula
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Shubhangi Nagpal
- Internal Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Government Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Ali Haider
- Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, PAK
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17
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Ciloglu O, Karaali E, Yilmaz A, Çetinkaya PD, Unlu N, Kaya H, Unal N, Keklikcioglu B. Examination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in joint synovial fluid of patients with COVID-19 and acute knee arthritis. Technol Health Care 2024:THC240317. [PMID: 38788104 DOI: 10.3233/thc-240317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not yet been fully established that there is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involvement in the synovial fluid and it remains a topic of debate. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in knee joint synovial fluid of patients with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted with an initial screening of patients who were admitted to a tertiary pandemic hospital due to COVID-19 symptoms, and underwent treatment for COVID-19 between March and June 2020. RESULTS A total of 2476 patients were hospitalized or received treatment for a possible diagnosis of COVID-19. While the RT-PCR test was positive in 318 patients (12.8%), 2158 (87.2%) were computed tomography positive but reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative. Twelve patients were consulted due to acute joint effusion. Of five patients with knee joint effusion and a positive RT-PCR test, the synovial tissue RT-PCR test was positive in only one patient. CONCLUSION This paper is the first to show the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in synovial fluid. This can be considered of importance for the determination and elimination of the route of transmission, thereby preventing further development and spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ciloglu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Evren Karaali
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yilmaz
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Pelin Duru Çetinkaya
- Department of Chest Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Unlu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kaya
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Unal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Burak Keklikcioglu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkmenbasi Medical Center, Adana, Turkey
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18
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Karati D, Mukherjee S, Roy S. A Promising Drug Candidate as Potent Therapeutic Approach for Neuroinflammation and Its In Silico Justification of Chalcone Congeners: a Comprehensive Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1873-1891. [PMID: 37801205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genetic, environmental, and immunological variables cause neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs). The induced inflammatory immune response is also connected to the severity and treatment outcomes of various NPDs. These reactions also significantly impact numerous brain functions such as GABAergic signaling and neurotransmitter synthesis through inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) and their heterocyclic counterparts are flavonoids with various biological characteristics including anti-inflammatory activity. Several pure chalcones have been clinically authorized or studied in humans. Chalcones are favored for their diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in neuroinflammation due to their tiny molecular size, easy manufacturing, and flexibility for changes to adjust lipophilicity ideal for BBB penetrability. These compounds reached an acceptable plasma concentration and were well-tolerated in clinical testing. As a result, they are attracting increasing attention from scientists. However, chalcones' therapeutic potential remains largely untapped. This paper is aimed at highlighting the causes of neuroinflammation, more potent chalcone congeners, their mechanisms of action, and relevant structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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19
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Kwon Y, Park J, An E, Jung S, Kweon K. Impact of Omicron-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Depression and Anxiety: A Community-Based Study in Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:415-421. [PMID: 38695049 PMCID: PMC11065529 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to evaluate the association between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the severity of depression and anxiety in the Korean community during the period dominated by the Omicron variant. METHODS We used data from the 2022 Daejeon Mental Health Survey, involving data of 985 participants aged 19-69 years. The data collected included SARS-CoV-2 infection experience, days post-infection, and depression and anxiety symptoms evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7, respectively. Additionally, physical health, social activity status, and sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, marital status, educational level, and household income were collected. The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and depression and anxiety were examined. Further analyses explored association between days post- infection and the severity of depression and anxiety. RESULTS There was no significant correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and depression and anxiety in the overall population. Notably, participants under 50 years of age exhibited a transient worsening of depression and anxiety, followed by a decrease in symptoms within 40 days. Participants aged 51 years and older showed no significant change in depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION This study discerned transient effects of Omicron variant infection on depression and anxiety, particularly in younger individuals. A prospective study encompassing a larger sample size is imperative to investigate the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsook Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung An
- Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyoung Jung
- Chungnam National University Biomedical Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kukju Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Daejeon Regional Mental Health Welfare Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim HC. Impact of COVID-19 on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital: a retrospective observational study. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 41:86-95. [PMID: 38317275 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital. METHODS The study participants were patients with COVID-19 (n=5,006) and those without COVID-19 (n=367,162) registered in the database of Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and standardized with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data on major mental disorders that developed in both groups over the 5-year follow-up period were extracted using the FeederNet computer program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of major mental disorders. RESULTS The incidences of dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group. The incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years in the COVID-19 group vs. the control group were 12.71 vs. 3.76 for dementia, 17.42 vs. 7.91 for sleep disorders, 6.15 vs. 3.41 for anxiety disorders, and 8.30 vs. 5.78 for depressive disorders. There was no significant difference in the incidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder between the two groups. COVID-19 infection increased the risk of mental disorders in the following order: dementia (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.45-4.98), sleep disorders (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.76-2.91), anxiety disorders (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.25-2.84), and depressive disorders (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.15). CONCLUSION This study showed that the major mental disorders associated with COVID-19 were dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Cheol Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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21
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Di Nicola M, Pepe M, De Mori L, Ferrara OM, Panaccione I, Sani G. Physical and cognitive correlates, inflammatory levels, and treatment response in post-COVID-19 first-onset vs. recurrent depressive episodes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:583-593. [PMID: 37154920 PMCID: PMC10166052 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms have been frequently reported in patients affected by COVID-19, both as new occurring and recurrences of pre-existing diseases. Depressive symptoms are estimated to affect at least 30% of patients following infection, with specific physical and cognitive features and relevant immune-inflammatory alterations. This study aimed to retrospectively characterize post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) and to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on physical and cognitive correlates of depression, in addition to mood, anxiety, and underlying inflammatory status. We evaluated 116 patients (44.8% males, 51.1 ± 17 years) with post-COVID-19 first-onset (38.8%) and recurrent (61.2%) MDE at baseline and after one- and three-month treatment with antidepressants (31% SSRIs, 25.9% SNRIs, 43.1% others). We assessed sociodemographic and clinical features and psychopathological dimensions through: Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales; Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire; Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression 5-items. The systemic immune-inflammatory index was calculated to measure inflammation levels. Alongside the reduction of depression and anxiety (p < 0.001), physical and cognitive symptoms improved (p < 0.001) and inflammatory levels decreased (p < 0.001) throughout treatment in both groups. Post-COVID-19 recurrent MDE showed a significantly more severe course of physical and cognitive symptoms and persistently higher levels of inflammation than first-onset episodes. Antidepressants proved to be effective in both post-COVID-19 first-onset and recurrent MDE. However, a sustained inflammatory status might blunt treatment response in patients with recurrent depression in terms of physical correlates and cognition. Therefore, personalized approaches, possibly involving combinations with anti-inflammatory compounds, could promote better outcomes in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Marianna Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Salemi MH, Alipour A. Investigation of Neuropsychological Dysfunction Among Recovered Nurses: The COVID-19. Cureus 2024; 16:e58929. [PMID: 38800204 PMCID: PMC11123473 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aimed to compare the neuropsychological dysfunctions of coronavirus (COVID-19)-recovered nurses to those of healthy nurses. METHODOLOGY The present research method was descriptive and causal-comparative, in which the statistical population consisted of nurses with a history of COVID disease and working in the COVID department of public hospitals in Isfahan city. The available method selected 30 nurses with a history of illness and compared them with 30 other nurses from the same hospitals. We collected data using the "go/no go" test, the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and direct and inverted word reading tests. We also analyzed the collected data using multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS The results showed a significant difference between nurses with a history of COVID disease and normal nurses in memory performance, the total error of the Wisconsin card sorting test, and the error of committing and inappropriately inhibiting the go/no go task (P < 0.01). However, there is no significant difference between the two groups in the number of classes, the error of perseveration in the Wisconsin test, or the reaction time of the go/no task (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Therefore, the present study's results indicate that nurses recovering from COVID-19 perform worse than normal nurses in memory functions, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition within one to three months of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Alipour
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IRN
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23
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Zayeri ZD, Torabizadeh M, Kargar M, Kazemi H. The molecular fingerprint of neuroinflammation in COVID-19: A comprehensive discussion on molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation due to SARS-COV2 antigens. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114868. [PMID: 38246395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 attacks the neural system directly and indirectly via various systems, such as the nasal cavity, olfactory system, and facial nerves. Considering the high energy requirement, lack of antioxidant defenses, and high amounts of metal ions in the brain, oxidative damage is very harmful to the brain. Various neuropathic pain conditions, neurological disorders, and neuropsychiatric complications were reported in Coronavirus disease 2019, prolonged Coronavirus disease 2019, and after Coronavirus disease 2019 immunization. This manuscript offers a distinctive outlook on the interconnectedness between neurology and neuropsychiatry through its meticulous analysis of complications. DISCUSSION After recovering from Coronavirus disease 2019, approximately half of the patients reported developing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Long Coronavirus disease 2019 imaging reports illustrated the hypometabolism in various parts of the brain, such as olfactory bulbs, limbic/paralimbic domains, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. Ninety imaging and neuropathological studies of Coronavirus disease 2019 have shown evidence of white matter, brainstem, frontotemporal, and oculofrontal lesions. Emotional functions, such as pleasant, long/short-term memory, movement, cognition and cognition in decision-making are controlled by these regions. The neuroinflammation and the mechanisms of defense are well presented in the discussion. The role of microglia activation, Inducible NO synthase, Cyclooxygenases ½, Reactive oxygen species, neurotoxic toxins and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha are highlighted in neuronal dysfunction and death. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Activator Protein 1, and Interferon regulatory factors are the main pathways involved in microglia activation in Coronavirus disease 2019 neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The neurological aspect of Coronavirus disease 2019 should be highlighted. Neurological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019, prolonged Coronavirus disease 2019, and Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines can be the upcoming issues. We need a global awareness where this aspect of the disease should be more considered in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Torabizadeh
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Kargar
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hashem Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
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24
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Ma Y, Zhu T, Yang P, Gao R, Shen L, Gao P, Gao J, Liu X, Jiang H, Zhang X. The neurological decline and psychological factors caused by coronavirus disease 2019 may be predictors of erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38436126 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has had a serious impact on people's physical and mental health. However, in our clinical work, we have found that the erectile function of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with neurological decline was often seriously affected. OBJECTIVES To further explore the relationship between erectile dysfunction and neurological dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a survey from August 2022 to February 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the Third People's Hospital of Linyi City. A total of 251 subjects with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection were included. Symptoms and changes in erectile function after the coronavirus disease 2019 infection were collected and assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 scale and several targeted questions. RESULTS In this study, we found that in patients infected with novel coronavirus, the proportion of erectile dysfunction was higher in those with neurological manifestations such as olfactory and taste impairment or psychological symptoms such as anxiety. DISCUSSION We found that neurological decline and psychological factors were independent and significant risk factors for erectile dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSION Patients with neurological damage or psychiatric symptoms are more likely to have erectile dysfunction, suggesting that the 2019 novel coronavirus may affect erectile function by damaging nerves. This provides a new insight into the mechanism of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukuai Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanhui Shen
- Department of Urology, the Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Institute of Urology, Peking University Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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25
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Demir E, Veizi BGY, Naharci MI. Long-Term Risk of Reduced Cognitive Performance and Associated Factors in Discharged Older Adults with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Prospective Study. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:76-85. [PMID: 38225807 PMCID: PMC10982451 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of reports have suggested a deterioration in cognitive performance after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however insufficient information is available regarding long-term brain health and risk factors related to reduced cognitive performance in advanced age. We investigated the prevalence of reduced cognitive performance and its associated factors among older adults after COVID-19. METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled older individuals (aged ≥65 years) hospitalized for COVID-19. Discharged patients were contacted after an average of 15 months and a brief battery was administered during telephone interviews to assess their mental status. RESULTS Among the 174 patients, 77 (44.3%) showed reduced cognitive performance at follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex, education level, and increased Deyo/Charlson Comorbidity Index score, which is an objective indicator of chronic disease burden, were independent risk factors for long-term cognitive performance. Depression and anxiety symptoms, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item questionnaire at the end of the study, were not associated with reduced cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Our findings provide key insights into discharged older adults with COVID-19 at risk of long-term cognitive impairment, and help to ascertain the factors associated with this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Demir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi
- Department of Geriatrics, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ilkin Naharci
- Department of Geriatrics, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
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26
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Eltayeb A, Al-Sarraj F, Alharbi M, Albiheyri R, Mattar EH, Abu Zeid IM, Bouback TA, Bamagoos A, Uversky VN, Rubio-Casillas A, Redwan EM. Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: IV. Hypothetical roles of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and its liquid-liquid phase separation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30530. [PMID: 38349116 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
When the SARS-CoV-2 virus infects humans, it leads to a condition called COVID-19 that has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from no symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The virus initiates damage by attaching to the ACE-2 protein on the surface of endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and using these cells as hosts for replication. Reactive oxygen species levels are increased during viral replication, which leads to oxidative stress. About three-fifths (~60%) of the people who get infected with the virus eradicate it from their body after 28 days and recover their normal activity. However, a large fraction (~40%) of the people who are infected with the virus suffer from various symptoms (anosmia and/or ageusia, fatigue, cough, myalgia, cognitive impairment, insomnia, dyspnea, and tachycardia) beyond 12 weeks and are diagnosed with a syndrome called long COVID. Long-term clinical studies in a group of people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 have been contrasted with a noninfected matched group of people. A subset of infected people can be distinguished by a set of cytokine markers to have persistent, low-grade inflammation and often self-report two or more bothersome symptoms. No medication can alleviate their symptoms efficiently. Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins have been investigated extensively as potential drug targets due to their key roles in virus replication, among which is their ability to bind their respective genomic RNAs for incorporation into emerging virions. This review highlights basic studies of the nucleocapsid protein and its ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. We hypothesize that this ability of the nucleocapsid protein for phase separation may contribute to long COVID. This hypothesis unlocks new investigation angles and could potentially open novel avenues for a better understanding of long COVID and treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltayeb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab H Mattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam M Abu Zeid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Bouback
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico
- Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Lu Y, Lou J, Yu B, Bu Y, Ni F, Lu D. The prevalence and risk of depression in aged COVID-19 survivors: a bibliometric and meta-analysis. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:458-472. [PMID: 38115236 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To explore depression prevalence and related risk factors among elderly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors, while also evaluating research characteristics. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CNKI and Wanfang Data for studies that reported COVID-19 and depression in older adults. 'Bibliometrix' facilitated bibliometric analysis and information visualisation. Random-effects models merged depression prevalence and relevant risks. Publication bias and its impact were examined using funnel plots, Begg's test, Egger's linear regression, and trim-and-fill method. Meta-regression, bubble plots, and Baujat plots probed heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis applied the leave-one-out method. The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023417706. The bibliometric analysis comprised 138 studies. Publication frequency peaked in the US, China, and Italy, reflecting significant growth. The meta-analysis comprised 43 studies. Elderly COVID-19 patients exhibit 28.33% depression prevalence (95% CI: 21.24-35.97). Severe cases (43.91%, 95% CI: 32.28-55.88) experienced higher depression prevalence than mild cases (16.45%, 95% CI: 11.92-21.50). Sex had no depression prevalence impact based on bubble plots. Notably, depression risk did not significantly differ between elderly and young COVID-19 patients (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1808, 95% CI: 0.7323-1.9038). However, COVID-19 infection emerged as a substantial elderly depression risk factor (OR = 1.8521, 95% CI: 1.2877-2.6639). Sensitivity analysis confirmed result robustness. Elderly COVID-19 survivors are likely to develop depression symptoms with regional variations. Severe cases are associated with heightened depression prevalence. COVID-19 infection stands out as a key elderly depression risk factor, while sex does not influence prevalence. The field's expansion necessitates sustained collaboration and extensive research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Lu
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialing Lou
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bohuai Yu
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiran Bu
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feitian Ni
- The Second Affiliated College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Lu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Azargoonjahromi A. Role of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Brain Cells. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:61-78. [PMID: 38315740 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can have neurological effects, including cognitive symptoms like brain fog and memory problems. Research on the neurological effects of COVID-19 is ongoing, and factors such as inflammation, disrupted blood flow, and damage to blood vessels may contribute to cognitive symptoms. Notably, some authors and existing evidence suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the central nervous system through different routes, including the olfactory nerve and the bloodstream. COVID-19 infection has been associated with neurological symptoms such as altered consciousness, headaches, dizziness, and mental disorders. The exact mechanisms and impact on memory formation and brain shrinkage are still being studied. This review will focus on pathways such as the olfactory nerve and blood-brain barrier disruption, and it will then highlight the interactions of the virus with different cell types in the brain, namely neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azargoonjahromi
- Researcher in Neuroscience, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Chang H, Chen E, Hu Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ye‐Lehmann S, Mao X, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305554. [PMID: 38143270 PMCID: PMC10933635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID-19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID-19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID-19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID-19 neuropathology by transporting brain-derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID-19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Honghui hospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shixin Ye‐Lehmann
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System University of Paris‐Scalay Bicêtre Hosptial BâtGrégory Pincus 80 Rue du Gal Leclerc, CedexLe Kremlin Bicêtre94276France
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Cell EngineeringSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
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Meguerditchian-Hoffmeyer L, Philouze P, Carsuzaa F, Subtil F, Fath L, Fieux M. Risk factors for laryngeal lesions in adult acute respiratory distress syndrome: A STROBE-compliant French case-control study. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2024:S1879-7296(24)00028-0. [PMID: 38423861 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to an increased incidence of post-intubation laryngeal injuries in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors for symptomatic laryngeal lesions in patients with Covid-19-related ARDS. The secondary objective was to analyze the progression of these laryngeal lesions. METHODS A 21 month nested case-control study was conducted in 3 university hospital centers of the Hospices Civils de Lyon (France). Cases encompassed all patients intubated for Covid-19-related ARDS who presented symptomatic laryngeal pathology. The control group consisted of all patients enrolled during the same period for Covid-19-related ARDS without evidence of laryngeal lesions (no specific ENT intervention). Uni- and multi-variate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of laryngeal lesions. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were included in the case group and 50 in the control group. The only significant risk factor for symptomatic laryngeal injury was the number of reintubations, with an odds ratio of 5.08 (95% CI, 1.40-22.12; P=0.013). No other predictive factors were identified among the variables analyzed: obesity, number of prone sessions, self-extubation, duration of intubation and number of days of curarization. CONCLUSION The number of reintubations was the sole independent risk factor associated with the development of symptomatic laryngeal lesions in patients managed for Covid-19-related ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meguerditchian-Hoffmeyer
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpital de la Croix Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - P Philouze
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpital de la Croix Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - F Carsuzaa
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale et audiophonologie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - F Subtil
- Hospices civils de lyon, service de biostatistique et bioinformatique, Lyon, France; CNRS, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Fath
- Service d'ORL, de chirurgie cervicofaciale, avenue Molière, hôpital de Hautepierre, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - M Fieux
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France; Service d'ORL, d'otoneurochirurgie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France.
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Berhanu RD, Feyisa JW, Boru JD, Jabana DE, Senbeta BS, Tekle MG, Alemayehu Y, Aga HT. COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and associated factors among adolescents in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:167. [PMID: 38413896 PMCID: PMC10900736 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic causes serious threats to people's mental health, particularly it has huge negative mental health outcomes for adolescents. However, there is lack of studies examining COVID-19-related anxiety among adolescents in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to examine COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety and its associated factors among adolescents in Mettu town. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to 30, 2020 among 847 adolescents selected by stratified sampling technique. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were computed. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety. The statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05; and the strength of association was described in terms of adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS Out of the total sample, 819 adolescents participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 14.9 (SD = 2.798) years. The magnitude of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was found to be 20.9% (95% CI (18.1, 23.9)). The finding indicates that sex [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.724 (0.502, 1.043))], having both parents deceased [(AOR (95% CI)); (2.981 (1.138, 7.814))], living alone [(AOR (95% CI)); (2.363 (1.050, 5.321))], having unemployed mothers [(AOR (95% CI)); (1.943 (1.194, 3.163))], absence of close friend [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.377 (0.225, 0.630))], and medical problem [(AOR (95% CI)); (0.408 (0.278, 0.597))] were significantly associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. CONCLUSION The magnitude of COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was found to be high in the study area. The findings have shown that the likelihood of developing COVID-19-related dysfunctional anxiety was linked to several factors. Provision of continued psychological support for adolescents is extremely encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robera Demissie Berhanu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Jira Wakoya Feyisa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Jibril Dori Boru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Emana Jabana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | | | - Million Girma Tekle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Alemayehu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Hunde Tarafa Aga
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Merolla A, De Lorenzo R, Paolazzi G, Critelli S, Palladini M, Damanti S, Vitali G, Canti V, Cilla M, Martinenghi S, Falbo E, Ferrante M, Castellani J, Pacioni G, Magnaghi C, Fumagalli A, Mazza MG, Benedetti F, Rovere-Querini P. Micronized/ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide improves depression and fatigue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024:00004850-990000000-00130. [PMID: 38381905 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to neuropsychiatric sequelae. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective amide used in depressive syndromes. Here we investigate whether micronized/ultramicronized (m/um) PEA improves neuropsychiatric sequelae in COVID-19 survivors. Patients evaluated at our post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic between February and August 2021 and presenting neuropsychiatric manifestations (n = 98) were offered treatment with m/umPEA 600 mg twice daily for 3 months. Those accepting m/umPEA therapy (n = 57) were compared with those who did not (n = 41), in terms of depression, fatigue, chronic pain and subjective well-being, through validated scales administered pre- and posttreatment. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographics, comorbidities, psychiatric history, antidepressant therapy, acute COVID-19 severity and baseline neuropsychiatric status. Patients receiving m/umPEA showed a greater improvement in depression and fatigue (both P < 0.05). Conversely, no association was found with changes in chronic pain or subjective well-being. At multivariable logistic regression, m/umPEA predicted neuropsychiatric improvement independently of age, sex and baseline neuropsychiatric status. Worse pretreatment fatigue and subjective well-being identified those who most likely benefited from treatment. In conclusion, despite its retrospective nature, our study suggests that m/umPEA may improve depression and fatigue in COVID-19 survivors, justifying future research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Merolla
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Giacomo Paolazzi
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Sara Critelli
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Unit of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Sarah Damanti
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Giordano Vitali
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Valentina Canti
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Marta Cilla
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | | | - Elisabetta Falbo
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Marica Ferrante
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Jacopo Castellani
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Giacomo Pacioni
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | | | - Anna Fumagalli
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
| | - Mario G Mazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
- Unit of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
- Unit of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Post-COVID-19 Outpatient Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Liu S, Zhong M, Wu H, Su W, Wang Y, Li P. Potential Beneficial Effects of Naringin and Naringenin on Long COVID-A Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2024; 12:332. [PMID: 38399736 PMCID: PMC10892048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a severe epidemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent studies have found that patients do not completely recover from acute infections, but instead, suffer from a variety of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID. The effects of long COVID can be far-reaching, with a duration of up to six months and a range of symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiota dysbiosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary fibrosis, cough, diabetes, pain, reproductive dysfunction, and thrombus formation. However, recent studies have shown that naringenin and naringin have palliative effects on various COVID-19 sequelae. Flavonoids such as naringin and naringenin, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, have various positive effects, including reducing inflammation, preventing viral infections, and providing antioxidants. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and clinical effects of naringin and naringenin on treating the above diseases. It proposes them as potential drugs for the treatment of long COVID, and it can be inferred that naringin and naringenin exhibit potential as extended long COVID medications, in the future likely serving as nutraceuticals or clinical supplements for the comprehensive alleviation of the various manifestations of COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mengli Zhong
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-Evaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (S.L.); (M.Z.); (H.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
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Passos V, Henkel LM, Wang J, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Möller R, Sun G, Waltl I, Schneider T, Wachs A, Ritter B, Kropp KA, Zhu S, Deleidi M, Kalinke U, Schulz TF, Höglinger G, Gerold G, Wegner F, Viejo-Borbolla A. Innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to neuronal damage in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29455. [PMID: 38323709 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes neurological disease in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS, respectively) of some patients. It is not clear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection or the subsequent immune response are the key factors that cause neurological disease. Here, we addressed this question by infecting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS and PNS neurons with SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infected a low number of CNS neurons and did not elicit a robust innate immune response. On the contrary, SARS-CoV-2 infected a higher number of PNS neurons. This resulted in expression of interferon (IFN) λ1, several IFN-stimulated genes and proinflammatory cytokines. The PNS neurons also displayed alterations characteristic of neuronal damage, as increased levels of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1, amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein, and lower levels of cytoskeletal proteins. Interestingly, blockade of the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway by Ruxolitinib did not increase SARS-CoV-2 infection, but reduced neuronal damage, suggesting that an exacerbated neuronal innate immune response contributes to pathogenesis in the PNS. Our results provide a basis to study coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related neuronal pathology and to test future preventive or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Passos
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa M Henkel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Francisco J Zapatero-Belinchón
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Möller
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guorong Sun
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Talia Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Wachs
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai A Kropp
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shuyong Zhu
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Bacon BR, Viola FC, Carr MM. Do Children with Previous COVID Infection Have Hyposmia? Laryngoscope 2024; 134:901-906. [PMID: 37921416 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to see if children with a history of COVID infection had subclinical hyposmia. METHODS Consecutive patients at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic aged 5-17 years were recruited. Demographics including gender, race, use of nasal topical medications (NTM), previous nasal surgery including adenoidectomy (NSA), and previous COVID-19 infection were collected. Each child performed a test of their sense of smell using the Pediatric Smell Wheel (PSW, Sensonics Intl, USA) under the direct supervision and scores were compared. RESULTS 260 children were included; mean age 10.1 years (95% CI 9.7-10.5), 128 (49.2%) female and 132 (50.8%) male. 65 (25%) used steroid nasal sprays, 100 (38.5%) had undergone adenoidectomy, and 36 (13.8%) had other nasal surgery. 120 (46.2%) had a previous COVID-19 infection. The COVID+ and COVID- groups were the same for age, gender, race, use of NTMs, and previous NSA (p > 0.05). Mean PSW score was 7.8 (95% CI 7.6-8.0), median of 8, ranging from 2 to 11. The mean PSW score was 8.0 for the COVID- group and 7.6 for the COVID+ group (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in total PSW scores based on gender, race, use of NTMs, previous NSA. Linear regression showed previous COVID infection was significantly negatively associated with total PSW score (Beta -0.636, p = 0.006) with age significantly positively associated (Beta 0.122, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Children with a history of COVID infection performed slightly worse when identifying odors than children without a COVID history. More study into the rates of pediatric anosmia related to COVID infection is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:901-906, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice R Bacon
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Francesca C Viola
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michele M Carr
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A
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Clouston S, Huang C, Ying J, Sekendiz Z, Kritikos M, Fontana A, Bangiyev L, Luft B. Neuroinflammatory imaging markers in white matter: insights into the cerebral consequences of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3760289. [PMID: 38313257 PMCID: PMC10836117 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3760289/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can persist for months or years after infection, a condition called Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Whole-brain white matter and cortical gray matter health were assessed using multi-shell diffusion tensor imaging. Correlational tractography was utilized to dissect the nature and extent of white matter changes. In this study of 42 male essential workers, the most common symptoms of Neurological PASC (n = 24) included fatigue (n = 19) and headache (n = 17). Participants with neurological PASC demonstrated alterations to whole-brain white matter health when compared to controls made up of uninfected, asymptomatic, or mildly infected controls (n = 18). Large differences were evident between PASC and controls in measures of fractional anisotropy (Cohen's D=-0.54, P = 0.001) and cortical isotropic diffusion (Cohen's D = 0.50, P = 0.002). Symptoms were associated with white matter fractional anisotropy (fatigue: rho = -0.62, P< 0.001; headache: rho = -0.66, P < 0.001), as well as nine other measures of white and gray matter health. Brain fog was associated with improved cerebral functioning including improved white matter isotropic diffusion and quantitative anisotropy. This study identified changes across measures of white and gray matter connectivity, neuroinflammation, and cerebral atrophy that were interrelated and associated with differences in symptoms of PASC. These results provide insights into the long-term cerebral implications of COVID-19.
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Fan Y, Liang X. Causal relationship between COVID-19 and chronic pain: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295982. [PMID: 38241342 PMCID: PMC10798446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease that can result in long-term symptoms, including chronic pain. However, the mechanisms behind the persistence of long-COVID pain are not yet fully elucidated, highlighting the need for further research to establish causality. Mendelian randomization (MR), a statistical technique for determining a causal relationship between exposure and outcome, has been employed in this study to investigate the association between COVID-19 and chronic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS The IVW, MR Egger, and weighted median methods were employed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q statistic. MR Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO tests were performed to detect pleiotropy. The Bonferroni method was employed for the correction of multiple testing. R software was used for all statistical analyses. RESULT Based on the IVW method, hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit a higher risk of experiencing lower leg joint pain compared to the normal population. Meanwhile, the associations between COVID-19 hospitalization and back pain, headache, and pain all over the body were suggestive. Additionally, COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization were found to have a suggestive higher risk of experiencing neck or shoulder pain and pain all over the body compared to those who did not require hospitalization. Patients with severe respiratory-confirmed COVID-19 showed a suggestive increased risk of experiencing pain all over the body compared to the normal population. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the link between COVID-19 severity and pain in different body regions, with implications for targeted interventions to reduce COVID-19 induced chronic pain burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Shajahan SR, Kumar S, Ramli MDC. Unravelling the connection between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1274452. [PMID: 38259635 PMCID: PMC10800459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1274452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there exists a limited comprehension regarding the correlation between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate the interrelationship and its impact on outcomes, a comprehensive investigation was carried out utilising time-unrestricted searches of reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of various medical conditions on severe COVID-19-related events. We focused on identifying and analysing articles that discussed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, particularly those pertaining to severe events such as ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen. Through careful data analysis and information gathering, we tried to figure out how likely it was that people with conditions, like AD, would have serious events. Our research investigated potential mechanisms that link AD and COVID-19. The ability of the virus to directly invade the central nervous system and the role of ACE-2 receptors were investigated. Furthermore, the OAS1 gene served as the genetic link between AD and COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, our findings suggest that individuals with AD may be more susceptible to experiencing severe outcomes. Consequently, it is crucial to provide personalised care and management for this demographic. Further investigation is required to attain a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate correlation between Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, as well as its ramifications for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Rezlan Shajahan
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Danial Che Ramli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chen S, Liang J, Chen D, Huang Q, Sun K, Zhong Y, Lin B, Kong J, Sun J, Gong C, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic and proteomic characterization of neurologic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:209-222. [PMID: 37858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (neuro-PASC) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted proteomic and metabolomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 neuro-PASC patients, 45 healthy volunteers, and 26 inflammatory neurological diseases patients. Our data showed 69 differentially expressed metabolites and six differentially expressed proteins between neuro-PASC patients and healthy individuals. Elevated sphinganine and ST1A1, sphingolipid metabolism disorder, and attenuated inflammatory responses may contribute to the occurrence of neuro-PASC, whereas decreased levels of 7,8-dihydropterin and activation of steroid hormone biosynthesis may play a role in the repair process. Additionally, a biomarker cohort consisting of sphinganine, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, and ST1A1 was preliminarily demonstrated to have high value in diagnosing neuro-PASC. In summary, our study represents the first attempt to integrate the diagnostic benefits of CSF with the methodological advantages of multi-omics, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuro-PASC and facilitating the work of neuroscientists in disclosing different neurological dimensions associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaijian Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Baojia Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiaduo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Chengfang Gong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rasmi Y, Shokati A, Hatamkhani S, Farnamian Y, Naderi R, Jalali L. Assessment of the relationship between the dopaminergic pathway and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, with related neuropathological features, and potential therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 infection. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2506. [PMID: 38282395 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine is a known catecholamine neurotransmitter involved in several physiological processes, including motor control, motivation, reward, cognition, and immune function. Dopamine receptors are widely distributed throughout the nervous system and in immune cells. Several viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, can use dopaminergic receptors to replicate in the nervous system and are involved in viral neuropathogenesis. In addition, studies suggest that dopaminergic receptors may play a role in the progression and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. When SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors on the surface of neuronal cells, the spike protein of the virus can bind to dopaminergic receptors on neighbouring cells to accelerate its life cycle and exacerbate neurological symptoms. In addition, recent research has shown that dopamine is an important regulator of the immune-neuroendocrine system. Most immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopamine-related proteins, indicating the importance of dopaminergic immune regulation. The increase in dopamine concentration during SARS-CoV2 infection may reduce immunity (innate and adaptive) that promotes viral spread, which could lead to neuronal damage. In addition, dopaminergic signalling in the nervous system may be affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID -19 can cause various neurological symptoms as it interacts with the immune system. One possible treatment strategy for COVID -19 patients could be the use of dopamine antagonists. To fully understand how to protect the neurological system and immune cells from the virus, we need to study the pathophysiology of the dopamine system in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ameneh Shokati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Farnamian
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ladan Jalali
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Valizadeh P, Momtazmanesh S, Plazzi G, Rezaei N. Connecting the dots: An updated review of the role of autoimmunity in narcolepsy and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. Sleep Med 2024; 113:378-396. [PMID: 38128432 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic disorder characterized by pathological daytime sleepiness and cataplexy due to the disappearance of orexin immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus. Genetic and environmental factors point towards a potential role for inflammation and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest evidence on the autoinflammatory mechanisms and immunomodulatory treatments aimed at suspected autoimmune pathways in NT1. METHODS Recent relevant literature in the field of narcolepsy, its autoimmune hypothesis, and purposed immunomodulatory treatments were reviewed. RESULTS Narcolepsy is strongly linked to specific HLA alleles and T-cell receptor polymorphisms. Furthermore, animal studies and autopsies have found infiltration of T cells in the hypothalamus, supporting T cell-mediated immunity. However, the role of autoantibodies has yet to be definitively established. Increased risk of NT1 after H1N1 infection and vaccination supports the autoimmune hypothesis, and the potential role of coronavirus disease 2019 and vaccination in triggering autoimmune neurodegeneration is a recent finding. Alterations in cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and microglial activation indicate a potential role for inflammation in the disease's development. Reports of using immunotherapies in NT1 patients are limited and inconsistent. Early treatment with IVIg, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and monoclonal antibodies has seldomly shown some potential benefits in some studies. CONCLUSION The current body of literature supports that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder most likely caused by T-cell involvement. However, the potential for immunomodulatory treatments to reverse the autoinflammatory process remains understudied. Further clinical controlled trials may provide valuable insights into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bavarsad K, Shalil Ahmadi D, Momeni M, Yadyad MJ, Salehi Kahyesh R, Moradzadegan H, Ghafouri S. Evaluation of the relationship between serum BDNF concentration and indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders - a pilot study. Neurol Res 2024; 46:33-41. [PMID: 37706246 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the effect of serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the development of neurological disorders in COVID-19 patients and the probable role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this phenomenon. METHODS The present case-control study included 42 COVID-19 patients referring to Golestan and Sina hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran, for treatment. Patients with (n = 18) and without (n = 24) neurological disorders were allocated into test and control groups, respectively. Following blood sampling, serum isolation was done, and the serum was stored at -80°C until biochemical assessment for measuring BDNF, oxidative stress indices, and inflammatory factors. RESULTS Although no significant brain damage was observed in the COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders, the results showed that the serum level of BDNF in the test group increased compared to that in the control group, and this increment was accompanied with increased Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and decreased Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in the serum. Moreover, compared to the control group, patients in the test group had a decreased level of Thiol and an increased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the serum concentration of BDNF and nitric oxide (NO) in the test group. CONCLUSION Using over-the-counter (OTC) medicines which include thiol-group-related agents or any other antioxidants can alleviate oxidative stress and the associated increased inflammation in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Davood Shalil Ahmadi
- Department of Neurology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Momeni
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Yadyad
- Department of Infection Disease, Sina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi Kahyesh
- Thalasemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Schwartz RA, Suskind RM. Post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric manifestations: a suggested therapeutic approach to 'long COVID' with azithromycin. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 152:e34. [PMID: 38097277 PMCID: PMC10894889 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The devastating effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may not end when the acute illness has terminated. A subset of COVID-19 patients may have symptoms that persist for months. This condition has been described as 'long COVID'. From a historical perspective, it has been recognized that serious long-term neurological sequelae have been associated with RNA viruses such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses. A potential intervention for early post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric impairment may be the commonly employed, readily available, reasonably priced macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin. We have observed a favourable clinical response with azithromycin in three patients with neurological symptoms associated with long COVID-19. We recommend considering formal clinical trials using azithromycin for patients with post-COVID-19 infection neurological changes including 'COVID fog' or the more severe neurological symptoms that may later develop.
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Wei ZYD, Liang K, Shetty AK. Role of Microglia, Decreased Neurogenesis and Oligodendrocyte Depletion in Long COVID-Mediated Brain Impairments. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1958-1966. [PMID: 37815903 PMCID: PMC10676788 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.10918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a recent worldwide coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes an acute respiratory infection but can progress into significant neurological complications in some. Moreover, patients with severe acute COVID-19 could develop debilitating long-term sequela. Long-COVID is characterized by chronic symptoms that persist months after the initial infection. Common complaints are fatigue, myalgias, depression, anxiety, and "brain fog," or cognitive and memory impairments. A recent study demonstrated that a mild COVID-19 respiratory infection could generate elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebral spinal fluid. This commentary discusses findings from this study, demonstrating that even a mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause considerable neuroinflammation with microglial and macrophage reactivity. Such changes could also be gleaned by measuring chemokines and cytokines in the circulating blood. Moreover, neuroinflammation caused by mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can also impair hippocampal neurogenesis, deplete oligodendrocytes, and decrease myelinated axons. All these changes likely contribute to cognitive deficits in long-COVID syndrome. Therefore, strategies capable of restraining neuroinflammation, maintaining better hippocampal neurogenesis, and preserving oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation and maturation may prevent or reduce the incidence of long-COVID after SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Yao D. Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Ketty Liang
- Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX, USA.
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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Hashimoto K. Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein-Barr virus and the gut-brain axis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4968-4976. [PMID: 37402856 PMCID: PMC11041741 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience a number of persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms, known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies of autopsy samples from patients who died from COVID-19 detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after SARS-CoV-2 infection might play a role in long COVID symptoms. Moreover, alterations in the microbiome after SARS-CoV-2 infection might contribute to acute and long COVID symptoms. In this article, the author reviews the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the brain, and the biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, and changes in the gut, nasal, oral, or lung microbiomes) underlying long COVID. In addition, the author discusses potential therapeutic approaches based on the gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and vagus nerve stimulation, and sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Dey A, Vaishak K, Deka D, Radhakrishnan AK, Paul S, Shanmugam P, Daniel AP, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK, Banerjee A. Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review. Infection 2023; 51:1603-1618. [PMID: 36906872 PMCID: PMC10008189 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put the world in a medical crisis for the past three years; nearly 6.3 million lives have been diminished due to the virus outbreak. This review aims to update the recent findings on COVID-19 infections from an epigenetic scenario and develop future perspectives of epi-drugs to treat the disease. METHODS Original research articles and review studies related to COVID-19 were searched and analyzed from the Google Scholar/PubMed/Medline databases mainly between 2019 and 2022 to brief the recent work. RESULTS Numerous in-depth studies of the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 have been going on to minimize the consequences of the viral outburst. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptors and Transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitate viral entry to the host cells. Upon internalization, it uses the host machinery to replicate viral copies and alter the downstream regulation of the normal cells, causing infection-related morbidities and mortalities. In addition, several epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications, microRNA, and other factors (age, sex, etc.) are responsible for the regulations of viral entry, its immune evasion, and cytokine responses also play a major modulatory role in COVID-19 severity, which has been discussed in detail in this review. CONCLUSION Findings of epigenetic regulation of viral pathogenicity open a new window for epi-drugs as a possible therapeutical approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - K Vaishak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No.500 Fracc., CP 76130, San Pablo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Priyadarshini Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Alice Peace Daniel
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India.
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Al-Mohammad A, Kyriacou AL. Sinus tachycardia and long-COVID: An opportunity in the challenge. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2023; 53:312-313. [PMID: 37990967 DOI: 10.1177/14782715231213896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Al-Mohammad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Directorate, Chesterman Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andreas L Kyriacou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Directorate, Chesterman Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cancela-Cilleruelo I, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Arias-Navalón JA, Martín-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero OJ, Arendt-Nielsen L, Cigarán-Méndez M. Trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1259660. [PMID: 38021227 PMCID: PMC10665893 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1259660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the trajectory of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, and concentration loss in a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. Methods A sample of 1,266 previously hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were assessed at 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of the following self-reported cognitive symptoms: brain fog (defined as self-perception of sluggish or fuzzy thinking), memory loss (defined as self-perception of unusual forgetfulness), and concentration loss (defined as self-perception of not being able to maintain attention). We asked about symptoms that individuals had not experienced previously, and they attributed them to the acute infection. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records. Results The Sankey plots revealed that the prevalence of post-COVID brain fog was 8.37% (n = 106) at T1, 4.7% (n = 60) at T2, and 5.1% (n = 65) at T3, whereas the prevalence of post-COVID memory loss was 14.9% (n = 189) at T1, 11.4% (n = 145) at T2, and 12.12% (n = 154) at T3. Finally, the prevalence of post-COVID concentration loss decreased from 6.86% (n = 87) at T1, to 4.78% (n = 60) at T2, and to 2.63% (n = 33) at T3. The recovery exponential curves show a decreasing trend, indicating that these post-COVID cognitive symptoms recovered in the following years after discharge. The regression models did not reveal any medical record data associated with post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss in the long term. Conclusion The use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of post-COVID brain fog, memory loss, or concentration loss during the first years after the infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decrease in the prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after hospital discharge. No risk factors were identified in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José D. Martín-Guerrero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), Valencia, Spain
- Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence (ValgrAI), València, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Kumar M. Hydrogen sulfide: From a toxic gas to a potential therapy for COVID-19 and inflammatory disorders. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:8-15. [PMID: 37648016 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been shown to induce inflammatory disorders and CNS manifestations. Swift and efficient treatment strategies are urgently warranted for the management of COVID, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been associated with several clinical disorders due to its potential to influence a broad range of biological signalling pathways. According to recent clinical studies, COVID patients with lower physiological H2S had higher fatality rates. These findings clearly demonstrate an inverse correlation between H2S levels and the severity of COVID-19. H2S has been proposed as a protective molecule because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Various H2S-releasing prodrugs, hybrids and natural compounds have been tested for their therapeutic efficacy in viral infections and inflammatory disorders. In this review, I am highlighting the rationale for using H2S-based interventions for the management of COVID-19 and post-infection inflammatory disorders including neuroinflammation. I am also proposing therepurposing of existing H2S-releasing prodrugs, developing new NO-H2S-hybrids, targeting H2S metabolic pathways, and using H2S-producing dietary supplements as viable defensive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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50
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Afsahi AM, Norbash AM, Syed SF, Sedaghat M, Afsahi G, Shahidi R, Tajabadi Z, Bagherzadeh-Fard M, Karami S, Yarahmadi P, Shirdel S, Asgarzadeh A, Baradaran M, Khalaj F, Sadeghsalehi H, Fotouhi M, Habibi MA, Jang H, Alavi A, Sedaghat S. Brain MRI findings in neurologically symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2023; 270:5131-5154. [PMID: 37535100 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with nervous system involvement, with more than one-third of COVID-19 patients experiencing neurological manifestations. Utilizing a systematic review, this study aims to summarize brain MRI findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms. METHODS Systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for literature addressing brain MRI findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. RESULTS 25 publications containing a total number of 3118 COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms who underwent MRI were included. The most common MRI findings and the respective pooled incidences in decreasing order were acute/subacute infarct (22%), olfactory bulb abnormalities (22%), white matter abnormalities (20%), cerebral microbleeds (17%), grey matter abnormalities (12%), leptomeningeal enhancement (10%), ADEM (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) or ADEM-like lesions (10%), non-traumatic ICH (10%), cranial neuropathy (8%), cortical gray matter signal changes compatible with encephalitis (8%), basal ganglia abnormalities (5%), PRES (Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome) (3%), hypoxic-ischemic lesions (4%), venous thrombosis (2%), and cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (2%). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that a considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 might harbor neurological abnormalities detectable by MRI. Among various findings, the most common MRI alterations are acute/subacute infarction, olfactory bulb abnormalities, white matter abnormalities, and cerebral microbleeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahla F Syed
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Sedaghat
- Department for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Afsahi
- Department of Biotechnology Research, Blue California Ingredients, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA
| | - Ramin Shahidi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tajabadi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Karami
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourya Yarahmadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shirdel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Asgarzadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Baradaran
- Department of Radiology, Imam Ali Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Khalaj
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Sadeghsalehi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fotouhi
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group (QMISG), Research Centre for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute (AMTEI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam Sedaghat
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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