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Atta-Osei G, Acheampong E, Gyaase D, Tawiah R, Gyaase TI, Adade R, Fofie D, Owusu I, Mprah WK. Factors associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among persons with disabilities: A cross-sectional study in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002822. [PMID: 38483893 PMCID: PMC10939259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 has had a wide-ranging impact on individuals and societies, persons with disabilities are uniquely affected largely due to secondary health conditions and challenges in adhering to protective measures. However, research on COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance has primarily focused on the general population and healthcare workers but has specifically not targeted PwDs, who are more vulnerable within societies. Hence, this study assessed PwDs knowledge of COVID-19 and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PwDs in the Atwima Mponua District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Respondents were sampled systematically and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with STATA version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was done using means and proportions. The chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to assess Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among the respondents. RESULTS 250 PwDs were recruited for the study. A higher proportion of the respondents were females, physically impaired, and between 30-50 years. The majority (74%) of the PwDs had average knowledge about Covid-19. Factors such as age, educational level and type of disability were significantly associated with PwDs' knowledge of COVID-19. The acceptance rate for COVID-19 among PwDs was 71.2%. Age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level were significantly associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Persons with disabilities with low and average knowledge of COVID-19 were 95% and 65%, respectively, less likely to accept the vaccine compared to those with high knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21; AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.12, 1.03). Older people and those with higher education were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to younger people and those with no or less education. CONCLUSION Persons with disabilities have average knowledge of COVID-19 and a greater percentage of them were willing to accept the vaccine. The study identified age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level as contributing factors to their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. This suggest that PwDs will lean positive toward COVID-19 vaccine programs and as such, vaccination programs should target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Atta-Osei
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Acheampong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Barangaroo, Australia
- University of New South Wale, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tawiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresah Ivy Gyaase
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Adade
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Douglas Fofie
- Department of Education, Akrokerri College of Education, Akrokerri, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
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Fatfouta R, Rogoza R. Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the German Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 88:1121-1135. [PMID: 34898309 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211062360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fear is a fundamental response in the face of a life-threatening pandemic, such as COVID-19. To assess COVID-19-related fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) has been recently developed and validated in many countries across the globe. The current study aimed to adapt the FCV-19S into German and to examine its psychometric properties. Participants (N = 866) were asked to complete the FCV-19S, report their perceived risk of contracting the virus, and their willingness to comply with mask wearing. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported both a two-factor structure (emotional and somatic fear) and a more parsimonious one-factor model. Among demographic variables, only female gender was positively associated with the FCV-19S. Moreover, the measure was associated with increased risk perception and compliance with mask wearing. Results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties in German and can be used in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Fatfouta
- HMKW, Hochschule Für Medien Kommunikation und Wirtschaft, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Zhao Y, Wang R, Li H, Chen C, Zhou B, Weng X, Hua Y, Jia Y, Wu Y, Li Y. Impact of Easing COVID-19 Restrictions on Fear of COVID-19 and Social Support Among Chinese Students: A Longitudinal Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4685-4696. [PMID: 38024661 PMCID: PMC10674754 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s434765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This longitudinal study aims to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19, support-seeking behaviors, and perceived social support among Chinese college students during two distinct periods of the COVID-19 pandemic: the period of strict control (time 1) and the period following a relaxation of restrictions (time 2). Methods A total of 408 Chinese college students participated in this study. Data collection included demographic information, measures of fear of COVID-19, support-seeking behaviors, and perceived social support. Results Fear of COVID-19 at time 1 showed a significant positive association with fear of COVID-19 at time 2. The relationship between support-seeking behavior at time 1 and fear of COVID-19 at time 2 was significantly mediated through a chain mediation effect of support-seeking behavior at time 1 and perceived social support at time 2. Discussion This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and underscores the significance of social support in mitigating fear of COVID-19. It calls for a re-evaluation of public health policies considering their potential psychological effects and introduces new opportunities for developing psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Faculty of Law, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- HeXie Management Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hebin Li
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinying Weng
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yidi Hua
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Jia
- Entrepreneurs College, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Urban Governance and Public Affairs, Suzhou City University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Keilholtz B, Spencer C, Vail S, Palmer M. COVID-19-Related Stress and Its Association with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:593. [PMID: 37504040 PMCID: PMC10376559 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been speculated that the prevalence rates of IPV increased. This paper aims to understand how pandemic-specific distress was related to experiencing and perpetrating IPV. Using self-reported survey data from 371 individuals living in the United States, this study used multiple logistic regressions to examine how reports of distress related to working from home, working outside the home, isolation, stay-at-home orders, mask mandates, physical and mental health, finances, interpersonal relationships, taking care of children, and online learning for children, as well as reports of partner conflict regarding COVID-19, were associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization. Our results indicated that distress related to family relationships, taking care of children, and COVID-19 as a source of conflict were all associated with an increased risk of IPV victimization, while distress related to mask mandates and friendships was associated with a decreased risk. Distress related to physical health, family relationships, taking care of children, and COVID-19 being a source of conflict were associated with an increased risk of IPV perpetration, while distress related to mental health and friendships was associated with a decreased risk. Implications for researchers and clinicians are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Keilholtz
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chelsea Spencer
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Summer Vail
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Megan Palmer
- Couple and Family Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Sanchez K, Hall LR, da Graca B, Bennett MM, Powers MB, Warren AM. The experience of COVID-19 among people with depression: Impact on daily life and coping strategies. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:59-65. [PMID: 36283536 PMCID: PMC9595490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among U.S. adults increased dramatically during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on people with a history of depression. METHODS In June 2020, a national sample of 5023 U.S. adults, including 760 reporting past/current diagnoses of depression, completed survey measures related to the COVID experience, coping, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, a history of depression increased the odds of negative effects of pandemic on multiple aspects of life: routines, access to mental health treatment, alcohol use, prescription painkiller use, and other drug use. Those with a history of depression also scored significantly higher on the PHQ-8, GAD-7, and PDS-5 (all ps < 0.0001). Greater use of adaptive coping strategies was significantly associated with lower scores, and greater use of maladaptive strategies with higher scores. Individuals reporting a history of depression reported greater use of both adaptive and maladaptive strategies. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive coping strategies appear to be protective and help regulate symptomatology, suggesting that particular focus during the clinical encounter on developing tools to promote well-being, alleviate stress, and decrease perceptions of helplessness could mitigate the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sanchez
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America; University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, United States of America.
| | - Lauren R. Hall
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Briget da Graca
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Monica M. Bennett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Powers
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Texas A&M University – College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America,Texas A&M University – College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States of America
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6
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Duong TV, Nguyen MH, Lai CF, Chen SC, Dadaczynski K, Okan O, Lin CY. COVID-19-related fear, stress and depression in school principals: impacts of symptoms like COVID-19, information confusion, health-related activity limitations, working hours, sense of coherence and health literacy. Ann Med 2022; 54:2064-2077. [PMID: 35876321 PMCID: PMC9318216 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School principals have been reported to have a higher prevalence of burnout and psychological problems than their colleagues. During the pandemic, extra workload and pressure from unprecedented situations potentially cause fear, stress and depression. Therefore, we aimed to explore associated factors of stress, fear of COVID-19 (F-CoV-19S) and depressive symptoms among school principals. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Taiwan from 23 June to 16 July 2021. Data of 413 school principals were collected, including socio-demographic factors, COVID-19-related factors, work-related information, health status, sense of coherence (SoC), health literacy (HL), F-CoV-19S, stress and depression. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were utilized to explore associations. RESULTS School principals with symptoms like COVID-19 (S-COVID-19-S), or with health-related activity limitations had a higher score of stress (B = 0.92; p = .039) (B = 1.52; p < .001) and a higher depression likelihood (OR = 3.38; p < .001) (OR = 3.06; p < .001), whereas those with a better SoC had a lower stress score (B = -1.39; p < .001) and a lower depression likelihood (OR = 0.76; p = .020). School principals confusing about COVID-19-related information had a higher score of stress (B = 2.47; p < .001) and fear (B = 3.77; p < .001). The longer working time was associated with a higher fear score (B = 1.69; p = .006). Additionally, school principals with a higher HL score had a lower stress score (B = -1.76; p < .001), a lower fear score (B = -1.85; p < .001) and a lower depression likelihood (OR = 0.53; p = .043). CONCLUSIONS Health-related activity limitations, S-COVID-19-S, COVID-19-related information confusion and longer working hours were positively associated with at least one mental health problem (e.g. stress, fear and depression), whereas better SoC and HL showed the benefits to mitigate fear, stress and depressive symptoms in school principals. Our study provides evidence for appropriate strategies to improve principals' mental health during the pandemic.Key messages:School principals with health-related activity limitations or with symptoms like COVID-19 were more likely to be stressed and depressed.Higher levels of stress and fear were observed in school principals who confused about COVID-19-related information, and who had longer working time than before the pandemic.Better sense of coherence and higher health literacy could potentially mitigate the fear, stress and depressive symptoms in school principals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Minh H Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lai
- Department of Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chih Chen
- Master's Program of Digital Content and Technologies, College of Communication, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Public Health Centre Fulda, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.,Center for Applied Health Science, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Orkan Okan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Radio, Television & Film, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Li Y, Abbas Q, Manthar S, Hameed A, Asad Z. Fear of COVID-19 and secondary trauma: Moderating role of self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838451. [PMID: 36160588 PMCID: PMC9490413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the globe. People's mental health, especially those of nurses, has been primarily affected by the fear of this virus. More focus has been paid to vaccination and treatment of the virus, but less attestation has been given to addressing the mental health of people affected by the virus. Empirical studies show that different external factors are not easily manageable and controllable by the individual. This study preliminarily explores the connection between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress in nurses. Further, it examines the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress. Data for the study was collected from the nurses of six large hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The final analysis was performed on 243 samples. Studies on COVID-19 suggest that increased occupational self-efficacy decreases fear and its impact. This study offers insights for managers to develop stress management programs and provide proper training and counseling sessions to the nurses to motivate them emotionally. Theoretically, this study broadens the understanding of the theory of emotions by using the pandemic as a stressor. Future studies may explore different roles of occupational self-efficacy and study its influential role in managing different kinds of emotions explained by the theory of emotions. Managers at the workplace could design different self-efficacy training for nurses to increase their self-motivation to fight different types of stress they face at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahjehan Manthar
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Hameed
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Asad
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
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8
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Balázs PG, Mitev A, Brodszky V. Parallel exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Hungarian Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a large general population sample: a psychometric and dimensionality evaluation. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1438. [PMID: 35902834 PMCID: PMC9333073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to confirm validity and reliability of the Hungarian version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and evaluate its dimensional structure. Methods Cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2021 among Hungarian general population. In addition to classical test theory methods, construct dimensionality of FCV-19S was assessed using EFA with principal axis factoring method and CFA with diagonally-weighted least squares estimation. Fear score was compared in age, gender, educational level, vaccination and infection subgroups. Results Significant differences in FCV-19S mean scores were observed between three subgroups (age, gender, vaccination). Items showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88). EFA identified two latent factors (eig = 4.2 and 1.02), though parallel analysis supports the one-factor model. The two-dimensional structure was confirmed by CFA, items 3,4,6,7 correlated with Factor 1 (physiological fear), items 1,2,5 with Factor 2 (emotional fear). Conclusion The Hungarian version of FCV-19S seems valid and reliable. The EFA identified two-latent factors (emotional and physiological fear), that was confirmed by CFA. The two-factor structure had better model fit, though its’ acceptance is limited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13789-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter György Balázs
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.,Corvinus University of Budapest, Doctoral School of Business and Management, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ariel Mitev
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Chinese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148624. [PMID: 35886480 PMCID: PMC9320396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND fear of COVID-19 is widespread among the population, especially among college students because of their increased exposure to the media information overload of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S) is a relatively short instrument used to evaluate fears surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the validity and reliability of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale have not been fully investigated in Chinese university student groups. OBJECTIVES this study assessed the cross-cultural adaptability and reliability of the FCV-19S for Chinese university students. METHODS a Chinese version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (C-FCV-19S) was generated using the translation-backward translation method. Psychometric properties of the C-FCV-19S, including internal consistency, split-half reliability, construct reliability, convergent validity, and diagnostic accuracy, were evaluated. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) scales were also used to evaluate participants for depression and anxiety. RESULTS the C-FCV-19S has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.872) and satisfactory split-half reliability (correlation coefficient: 0.799). Using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we examined the construct reliability (KMO = 0.920). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed that the bifactor model of scale (including general factor, factor1: the awareness of COVID-19 and physiological arousal, factor 2: fear-related thinking) had a good fit index (χ2/df =6.18, RMSEA= 0.067, SRMR = 0.028, GFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.970 and CFI= 0.988). Using depression-positive and anxiety-positive scores as reference criteria, we found that the areas under the curve were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and that the optimal cutoff scores of the C-FCV-19S was 17.5 (sensitivity: 66.3% and 58.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS the validity and reliability of C-FCV-19S are satisfactory, and the optimal cutoff point was 17.5. The C-FCV-19S can be applied adopted in Chinese university students.
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Shiraly R, Mahdaviazad H, Zohrabi R, Griffiths MD. Suicidal ideation and its related factors among older adults: a population-based study in Southwestern Iran. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:371. [PMID: 35484508 PMCID: PMC9046067 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suicidal ideation is a major risk factor for suicide and can negatively affect self-care and health behaviors among the older adults. There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation among the older population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideations among Iranian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A total of 803 older community adults in Shiraz (Southwestern Iran) were surveyed to determine potential factors influencing suicidal ideation, including demographic factors, physical health status, access to healthcare, current depression status, fear of COVID-19, perceived social support, and social engagement. Data were collected utilizing face-to-face interviews between November and December 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent variables associated with suicidal ideations. Results Among the 803 participants, 69 reported suicidal ideations (8.6%). Individuals with suicidal ideations were more likely to have greater fear of COVID-19. However, based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, current depression (OR: 2.07, CI 95%: 1.18–3.65), not being married (OR: 1.82, CI 95%: 1.06–3.13), inability to pay for medical bills (OR: 2.16, CI 95%: 1.23–3.79), low perceived social support (OR: 2.03, CI95%: 1.11–3.71), and having limited social network (OR:1.77, CI 95%: 1.02–3.10) appeared to be more powerful influencing factors. Conclusion Suicidal ideation appears to be relatively common among Iranian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A lack of longitudinal data makes it difficult to establish an association between suicidal ideations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Systematic monitoring of suicidal ideation is recommended among high-risk groups, particularly the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Shiraly
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Health Behavior Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahdaviazad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Roya Zohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
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11
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Murad O, Al-Dassean KA, Al Neweiri AM, Murad HO, Murad BO. The Arabic version of the fear of covid-19 scale: psychometric properties and relationship to future anxiety in Jordanians. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2064730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Odeh Murad
- Associate. Prof. of Educational Psychology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Shoubak University College Jordan
| | - Khaled A. Al-Dassean
- Assis. Prof. of Educational Psychology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Shoubak University College Jordan
| | - Anwar M. Al Neweiri
- Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, Jordanian Center for Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Jordan
| | - Hasan O. Murad
- Teacher of Educational Technology, Ministry of Education, Al-Shoubak Education Directorate, Jordan
| | - Batool O. Murad
- Higher Diploma in Education, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Shoubak University College, Jordan
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12
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Mohsen F, Bakkar B, Khadem alsrouji S, Abbas E, Najjar A, Marrawi M, Latifeh Y. Fear among Syrians: A Proposed Cutoff Score for the Arabic Fear of COVID-19 Scale. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264257. [PMID: 35275930 PMCID: PMC8916619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological health issues one of which is fear. This study validates the Arabic version of the fear of COVID-19 scale and suggests a new cutoff score to measure fear of COVID-19 among the Syrian Population. A total of 3989 participants filled an online survey consisting of socio-demographic information, the fear of COVID-19 scale, the patient health questionnaire 9-item, and the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to define cutoff scores for the fear of COVID-19 scale in relation to generalized anxiety disorder 7-item and the patient health questionnaire 9-item. The Cronbach α value of the Arabic fear of COVID-19 scale was 0.896, revealing good stability and internal consistency. The inter-item correlations were between [0.420–0.868] and the corrected item-total correlations were between [0.614–0.768]. A cutoff point of 17.5 was deduced from the analysis. According to the deduced cutoff point, 2111(52.9%) were categorized as extreme fear cases. This cutoff score deduced from this study can be used for screening purposes to distinguish community members that may be prone to developing extreme fear of COVID-19. Therefore, early preventive and supportive measures can then be delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Mohsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- * E-mail:
| | - Batoul Bakkar
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Esraa Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Alma Najjar
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Marah Marrawi
- Department of Statistics, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Youssef Latifeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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13
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Chen CY, Chen IH, Hou WL, Potenza MN, O'Brien KS, Lin CY, Latner JD. The Relationship Between Children's Problematic Internet-related Behaviors and Psychological Distress During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. J Addict Med 2022; 16:e73-e80. [PMID: 33770003 PMCID: PMC8919938 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated negative effects on psychological well-being worldwide, including in schoolchildren. Government requirements to stay at home and avoid social and school settings may impact psychological well-being by modifying various behaviors such as problematic phone and Internet use, yet there is a paucity of research on this issue. This study examined whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have impacted problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic gaming (PG), and psychological distress, specifically the pattern of relationships between PSU, PG, and psychological distress in schoolchildren. METHODS Longitudinal data on psychological distress, PSU, and PG were collected from 575 children in primary schools in 3 waves: Waves 1 and 2 were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak and Wave 3 during the outbreak. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine relationships between factors across the 3 waves. RESULTS Cross-lagged models found that higher levels of PSU were not significantly related prospectively to greater psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak, but this prospective relationship became significant during the COVID-19 outbreak. Whereas PG was associated prospectively with psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak (ie, between Waves 1 and 2), this association became nonsignificant during the COVID-19 lockdown (ie, between Waves 2 and 3). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 outbreak has seemed to change prospective relationships between PSU and psychological distress and PG and psychological distress in schoolchildren. Future research should examine whether restrictions on or information provided to schoolchildren may exacerbate PSUs effects on psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (C-YC, C-YL), School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (C-YC), College of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Zhangzhou, China; Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Zhangzhou, China (I-HC), College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W-LH), Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W-LH), Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT (MNP), Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT (MNP), Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT (MNP), School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (KSO), Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C-YL), Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii (JDL)
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14
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Grigoropoulos I, Daoultzis KC. Adverse Effects from the Imposition of Social Restrictions in Greece: the Indirect Effect of COVID-19-Related Fear on Alcohol Consumption Through Loneliness. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8887662 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quarantine
and social distancing are crucial factors in blocking the consequences of COVID-19 but also can lead to higher levels of loneliness and social isolation. Therefore, any advantages of mandatory quarantine have to be weighed against any negative impact on physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19-related fear and alcohol use during the lockdown period and loneliness as a mediating factor increasing the impact of COVID-19-related fear on alcohol use. A sample of 279 young adults completed self-reported questionnaires on COVID-19-related fear, loneliness, and substance use. This exploratory cross-sectional research was administered from 11 until December 18, 2020. The results showed that loneliness during lockdown mode may exacerbate the emotional burden caused by COVID-19-related fear leading to increased alcohol consumption as a coping mechanism against unsatisfactory living conditions. This study’s results reflect the need for societal groups, as well as health care services to remain specifically considerate to the needs of individuals who report high levels of COVID-19-related fear and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraklis Grigoropoulos
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
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15
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Giolo SR, Giordani RCF, Zanoni da Silva M, Dias PCA, Estavela A, Ismael Mabuie J. Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in three Portuguese-speaking countries. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:2997-3012. [DOI: 10.1177/13591053221076578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) across three countries: Brazil (South America), Mozambique (East Africa), and Portugal (Southwest Europe). A total of 8694 participants were recruited through convenience sampling (7430 Brazilians, 387 Mozambicans, and 877 Portuguese adults). The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with each country’s data. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that the FCV-19S was partially invariant across countries and fully invariant across gender and age groups, thus providing a solid basis for cross-group comparisons. Structural invariance tests revealed different levels of fear across countries and genders but not across age groups.
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16
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Patelarou E, Galanis P, Mechili EA, Argyriadi A, Argyriadis A, Asimakopoulou E, Kicaj E, Bucaj J, Carmona-Torres JM, Cobo-Cuenca AI, Doležel J, Finotto S, Jarošová D, Kalokairinou A, Mecugni D, Pulomenaj V, Malaj K, Sopjani I, Zahaj M, Patelarou A. Assessment of COVID-19 Fear in Five European Countries before Mass Vaccination and Key Predictors among Nurses and Nursing Students. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010098. [PMID: 35062759 PMCID: PMC8778275 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Levels of fear have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The absence of a safe and effective vaccine for mass-vaccination deteriorates this situation, which has a significant impact on mental health. This study aimed to assess the feelings of fear among nurses and nursing students in five European countries. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five European countries (Greece, Albania, Cyprus, Spain, and Kosovo) before the start of mass vaccination in Europe. Data collection was conducted in December 2020–January 2021 using an online questionnaire for nursing students and professional nurses. Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was used for measuring levels of fear. IBM SPSS version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study population included 1135 nurses and 1920 nursing students from Kosovo (n = 1085), Spain (n = 663), Greece (n = 534), Albania (n = 529), and Cyprus (n = 244). According to multivariable analysis, females (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.89–3.15), married (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.24–1.48), nurses (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.28–1.45) and those with a chronic disease (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.11–1.62) were more fearful of COVID-19. Conclusions: It is important to decrease fear in the population of nurses who are at the frontlines of the pandemic. The provision of appropriate education and training activities for nurses and students to manage their stress levels is of high importance. Future studies should focus on levels of fear after the administration of several safe and effective vaccines worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Crete, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Enkeleint A. Mechili
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 700 13 Crete, Greece;
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania; (E.K.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Agathi Argyriadi
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 3080, Cyprus;
| | | | | | - Emirjona Kicaj
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania; (E.K.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jorgjia Bucaj
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania; (E.K.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
- IMCU Group, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.I.C.-C.)
| | - Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
- IMCU Group, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (J.M.C.-T.); (A.I.C.-C.)
| | - Jakub Doležel
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Stefano Finotto
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
- Degree Course in Nursing, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 41121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Darja Jarošová
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Athina Kalokairinou
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniela Mecugni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.F.); (D.M.)
| | - Velide Pulomenaj
- Faculty of Nursing, AAB College, P.O. Box 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (V.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Krenar Malaj
- Research Centre of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania;
| | - Idriz Sopjani
- Faculty of Nursing, AAB College, P.O. Box 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (V.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Majlinda Zahaj
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania; (E.K.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Athina Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Crete, Greece;
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17
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Chen IH, Chen CY, Zhao KY, Gamble JH, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Psychometric evaluation of fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) among Chinese primary and middle schoolteachers, and their students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 35002189 PMCID: PMC8727075 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a large-scale cross-sectional survey, the present study tested the advanced psychometric properties of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in specific populations (i.e., primary and middle schoolteachers, and their students). The present study also examined the association between perceived fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress among home-room teachers (i.e., teachers who teach all their students in one classroom all day) and their students. The results among participants (11,134 teachers and 4,335 students) indicated good internal reliability of FCV-19S and excellent factorial validity with a two-factor structure utilizing these specific populations. Furthermore, the multilevel analysis showed that home-room teachers' psychological distress, but not fear of COVID-19, was positively associated with their students. In sum, the FCV-19S is a useful tool to assess the fear of COVID-19 on potentially vulnerable populations (i.e., primary/middle schoolteachers and their students). Future studies are encouraged to use the present study's findings to investigate possible underlying mechanisms for developing effective coping strategies and interventions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02471-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333 Taiwan
| | - Ke-Yun Zhao
- School of Communication, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao City, Shandong China
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of Foreign Languages, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, 701 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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18
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Iversen MM, Norekvål TM, Oterhals K, Fadnes LT, Mæland S, Pakpour AH, Breivik K. Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 20:1446-1464. [PMID: 33495690 PMCID: PMC7816751 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), randomly selected individuals from a larger registry study were invited. We assessed the reliability and validity of the instrument in a sample of 1089 adults in Norway (response rate 73%). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha (0.88) was acceptable. Omega alphaHierarchical (ωt = 0.69) was lower indicating that the general factor is less reliable, explaining 69% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the FCV-19S is not strictly unidimensional. Exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model (cognitive and somatic fear), which were highly correlated (r = 0.84). The Norwegian version of the FCV-19S showed an underlying two-factor structure. However, the high correlation means the two latent factors (cognitive and somatic fear) act as indicators for a second-order general factor and support use of the FCV-19S sum score. The FCV-19S appears to be a valid instrument to assess fear of COVID-19 with good psychometric properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-020-00454-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Iversen
- Centre on Patient-Reported Outcomes, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - T. M. Norekvål
- Centre on Patient-Reported Outcomes, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway ,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K. Oterhals
- Centre on Patient-Reported Outcomes, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - L. T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S. Mæland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,Research Unit for General Practice in Bergen, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - A. H. Pakpour
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran ,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - K. Breivik
- Centre on Patient-Reported Outcomes, Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Postboks 1400, N-5021 Bergen, Norway ,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Sanchez K, da Graca B, Hall LR, Bennett MM, Powers MB, Warren AM. The Pandemic Experience for People with Depressive Symptoms: Substance Use, Finances, Access to Treatment, and Trusted Sources of Information. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221126973. [PMID: 36188442 PMCID: PMC9520161 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221126973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are well recognized, but little is known about the pandemic experience among people experiencing mental health symptoms. Methods: In June 2020, a national sample of 5023 U.S. adults, including 785 scoring ⩾10 on the PHQ-8 for symptoms of depression, completed survey measures related to their pandemic experience. Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic experience for which participants scoring PHQ-8 ⩾ 10 had the greatest increase in odds of reporting moderate/severe negative impacts included: mental health treatment access (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.81, 6.70-11.57), family stress/discord (OR, 95% CI = 5.21, 4.24-6.42), food access (OR, 95% CI = 3.76, 2.97-4.77), and income/employment (OR, 95% CI = 3.19, 2.66-3.83). They were also significantly more likely to report increased use of prescription painkillers (OR, 95% CI = 8.46, 4.50-15.92) and other drugs (OR, 95% CI = 4.43, 2.85-6.89), and less trust in healthcare authorities/providers, family/friends, and employers, and more trust in websites/blogs/social media, for COVID-19 information ( P-values < .05). Conclusions: The interplay among depressive symptoms, substance use, lack of trust in healthcare authorities, and negative impact of the pandemic on family, finances, and access to mental health treatment and food indicate the need for robust social and behavioral health safety nets to buffer communities from the shadow epidemics of depression, family violence, and overdose deaths during public health disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sanchez
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Lauren R Hall
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark B Powers
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University—College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University—College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
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20
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Ullah I, Tahir MJ, Ali S, Waseem R, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. COVID-19 Fear Among Pakistanis: Psychometric Evaluation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale Using Item Response Theory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 21:1240-1255. [PMID: 34867122 PMCID: PMC8628831 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) assesses the fear of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been translated and validated into over 20 languages. The present study conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) analyses on the FCV-19S among a sample of 937 Pakistani adults (mean [SD] age of 25.83 [11.80] years; 537 [57.3%] females). The CFA and IRT confirmed the unidimensionality of the FCV-19S. The Likert-type scale used in the FCV-19S was supported by the proper threshold orderings. Additionally, no DIF contrast had an absolute value larger than 0.5 regarding the participants' characteristics of gender, age, living status, and education in the IRT findings. The FCV-19S was found to be valid and reliable with strong psychometric properties among the Pakistani adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Rabia Waseem
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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21
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Hall LR, Sanchez K, da Graca B, Bennett MM, Powers M, Warren AM. Income Differences and COVID-19: Impact on Daily Life and Mental Health. Popul Health Manag 2021; 25:384-391. [PMID: 34652228 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disproportionate suffering among vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged portions of the population. Low-income and minority populations are likely to experience disparate disease and mental health burdens. Currently, there is little evidence regarding how the experience of the early months of the US COVID-19 outbreak differed by income level, and how that related to mental health symptoms. The present study used data from a national sample of US adults (n = 5023) who completed measures related to the COVID experience, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). Multivariable regression was performed to determine whether income level (low: <$45,000 vs high: ≥$75,000) was significantly associated with COVID experience measures, PHQ-8, GAD-7, and COVID fear scores. Among the low-income group, COVID-19 had a significantly greater negative impact on: family income/employment, access to food, access to mental health treatment, and stress and discord in the family. Participants in the low-income group also had greater odds of a PHQ-8 score ≥10 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.77) and a GAD-7 score ≥10 (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.27, 2.14) compared to those in the high-income group. Study findings suggest substantial differences in how COVID-19 impacted daily life and mental health between adults living in low-income households compared to high-earning households during the early months of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Hall
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine Sanchez
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.,University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Briget da Graca
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monica M Bennett
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Powers
- Department of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M University - College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M University - College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
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22
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Chen W, Liang Y, Yin X, Zhou X, Gao R. The Factor Structure and Rasch Analysis of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) Among Chinese Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:678979. [PMID: 34630200 PMCID: PMC8492976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a new one-dimensional scale used to measure fear of an individual about the COVID-19. Given the seriousness of the COVID-19 situation in China when our study was taking place, our aim was to translate and examine the applicability of the FCV-19S in Chinese students. The sample used for validation comprised 2,445 Chinese students. The psychometrical characteristics of the Chinese FCV-19S (FCV-19S-C) were tested using Rasch analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) proved the unidimensional structure of the model. Both infit and outfit mean square (MNSQ) values (0.69-1.31) and point-measure correlations (0.82-0.86) indicated a good model fit. Person-item separation and reliability values indicated good reliability of the scale. The person-item map revealed an acceptable level of match between the persons and the items. Differential item functioning of the FCV-19S-C showed no differences with respect to age or gender. FCV-19S-C scores were significantly associated with anxiety, stress, depression, ego-resilience, and general health. The FCV-19S-C was proven to be effective in measuring fear of Chinese students about the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingyu Yin
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingrong Zhou
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongfen Gao
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Chen IH, Chen CY, Liu CH, Ahorsu DK, Griffiths MD, Chen YP, Kuo YJ, Lin CY, Pakpour AH, Wang SM. Internet addiction and psychological distress among Chinese schoolchildren before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: A latent class analysis. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:731-746. [PMID: 34529588 PMCID: PMC8997210 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present longitudinal study examined the changes in problematic internet use (problematic smartphone use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming) and changes in COVID-19-related psychological distress (fear of COVID-19 and worry concerning COVID-19) across three time-points (before the COVID-19 outbreak, during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, and during the COVID-19 outbreak recovery period). METHODS A total of 504 Chinese schoolchildren completed measures concerning problematic internet use and psychological distress across three time-points. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify participants into three groups of problematic internet use comprising Group 1 (lowest level), Group 2 (moderate level), and Group 3 (highest level). RESULTS Statistical analyses showed that as problematic use of internet-related activities declined among Group 3 participants across the three time points, participants in Group 1 and Group 2 had increased problematic use of internet-related activities. Although there was no between-group difference in relation to worrying concerning COVID-19 infection, Groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher levels of fear of COVID-19 than Group 1 during the COVID-19 recovery period. Regression analysis showed that change in problematic internet use predicted fear of COVID-19 during the recovery period. CONCLUSION The varied levels of problematic internet use among schoolchildren reflect different changing trends of additive behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak and recovery periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-hsiu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in School Principals: Impacts of Gender, Well-Being, and Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090985. [PMID: 34579222 PMCID: PMC8471420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purposes: To explore the associated factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and examine psychometric properties of the coronavirus-related health literacy questionnaire (HLS-COVID-Q22) and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy questionnaire. Methods: An online survey was conducted from 23 June to 16 July 2021 on 387 school principals across Taiwan. Data collection included socio-demographic characteristics, information related to work, physical and mental health, COVID-19 related perceptions, sense of coherence, coronavirus-related health literacy, and vaccine hesitancy. Principal component analysis, correlation analysis, linear regression models were used for validating HLS-COVID-Q22, Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, and examining the associations. Results: HLS-COVID-Q22 and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy were found with satisfactory construct validity (items loaded on one component with factor loading values range 0.57 to 0.81, and 0.51 to 0.78), satisfactory convergent validity (item-scale correlations range 0.60 to 0.79, and 0.65 to 0.74), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96 and 0.90), and without floor or ceiling effects (percentages of possibly lowest score and highest score <15%), respectively. Low scores of vaccine hesitancy were found in male principals (regression coefficient, B, −0.69; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, −1.29, −0.10; p = 0.023), principals with better well-being (B, −0.25; 95%CI, −0.47, −0.03; p = 0.029), and higher HLS-COVID-Q22 (B, −1.22; 95%CI, −1.89, −0.54; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HLS-COVID-Q22 and Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy were valid and reliable tools. Male principals and those with better well-being, and higher health literacy had a lower level of vaccine hesitancy. Improving principals’ health literacy and well-being is suggested to be a strategic approach to increase vaccine acceptance for themselves, their staff, and students.
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25
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Janson M, Sharkey JD, del Cid DA. Predictors of Mental Health Outcomes in Grocery Store Workers amid the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Workplace Safety and Moral Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168675. [PMID: 34444423 PMCID: PMC8392490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited research exists on the mental health (MH) of grocery store workers (GSWs), who have been on the frontlines throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. A disaster MH conceptual model incorporating demographics, disaster exposure and threat (COVID-19 fear and workplace threat perception), perceived stress, and social support (lack of from family and friends) was utilized to predict MH outcomes (anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms; PTSS) of GSWs. GSWs (n = 842) were recruited through a regional union in California. The participants were diverse (62.1% female) and were 18-69 years of age (M = 41.5, SD = 13.9). They completed an online survey regarding COVID-19 fear, workplace threat perception, perceived stress, lack of social support, and workplace needs/recommendations for support. Three hierarchical linear regression models were run assessing each MH outcome. Thematic analysis coding and an inductive approach were utilized for analyzing open-ended responses of workplace needs/recommendations. Females and younger GSWs (ages 18-29 years old) on average, reported higher MH symptoms than males and older age groups, respectively. COVID-19 fear and perceived stress were significant predictors of anxiety, while COVID-19 fear, workplace threat perception, and perceived stress significantly predicted depression and PTSS, explaining almost half of the variance for each model. Social support and demographics were not predictive of MH outcomes. Almost half of GSWs (40%) requested increased safety protections in the workplace. Feelings of fear of COVID-19, threat in the workplace, and overall perceived stress are predictive of GSWs' MH outcomes. Increasing feelings of safety in the workplace and reducing stress may lessen MH symptoms.
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Makhubela M, Mashegoane S. Psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale amongst black South African university students. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8335795 DOI: 10.4102/ajopa.v3i0.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely leading to a global public health crisis of a pandemic proportion. Whilst infection rates tend to fluctuate in South Africa, COVID-19 remains a life-threatening disease with the capacity to wreak fear and concern. The present study evaluated the psychometric qualities of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) amongst black South African university students (N = 433; Female: 58%; Mage = 23.51 [SD = 4.18]). The FCV-19S demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure and acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87), Omega (ω = 0.88) and the greatest lower bound (GLB = 0.90) reliabilities. In addition, discriminant validity was demonstrated when FCV-19S items loaded separately from ordinary fear. The FCV-19S can be used as a measure of COVID-19-related fear amongst black South African university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malose Makhubela
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Solomon Mashegoane
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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27
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Lin C, Hou W, Mamun MA, Aparecido da Silva J, Broche‐Pérez Y, Ullah I, Masuyama A, Wakashima K, Mailliez M, Carre A, Chen Y, Chang K, Kuo Y, Soraci P, Scarf D, Broström A, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) across countries: Measurement invariance issues. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1892-1908. [PMID: 33745219 PMCID: PMC8186712 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The threats of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused fears worldwide. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was recently developed to assess the fear of COVID-19. Although many studies found that the FCV-19S is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether the FCV-19S is invariant across countries. The present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the FCV-19S across eleven countries. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Using data collected from prior research on Bangladesh (N = 8,550), United Kingdom (N = 344), Brazil (N = 1,843), Taiwan (N = 539), Italy (N = 249), New Zealand (N = 317), Iran (N = 717), Cuba (N = 772), Pakistan (N = 937), Japan (N = 1,079) and France (N = 316), comprising a total 15,663 participants, the present study used the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch differential item functioning (DIF) to examine the measurement invariance of the FCV-19S across country, gender and age (children aged below 18 years, young to middle-aged adults aged between 18 and 60 years, and older people aged above 60 years). RESULTS The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S was confirmed. Multigroup CFA showed that FCV-19S was partially invariant across country and fully invariant across gender and age. DIF findings were consistent with the findings from multigroup CFA. Many DIF items were displayed for country, few DIF items were displayed for age, and no DIF items were displayed for gender. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, the FCV-19S is a good psychometric instrument to assess fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic period. Moreover, the use of FCV-19S is supported in at least ten countries with satisfactory psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung‐Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Li Hou
- College of NursingKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research ‐ Bangladesh)Savar, DhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Yunier Broche‐Pérez
- Psychology DepartmentUniversidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas Km 5 ½Santa ClaraCuba
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical CollegeGandhara UniversityPeshawarPakistan
| | | | | | - Mélody Mailliez
- ISAE‐SUPAERO (Institut Supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace)University of ToulouseUniversité Fédérale de Toulouse Midi‐Pyrénées)ToulouseFrance
| | - Arnaud Carre
- LIP/PC2SUniversity of Savoie Mont BlancUniversity of Grenoble AlpesChambéryFrance
| | - Yu‐Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kun‐Chia Chang
- Jianan Psychiatric CenterMinistry of Health and WelfareTainanTaiwan
- Department of Natural BiotechnologyNanHua UniversityChiayiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Paolo Soraci
- Group Cognitive Behavioral Psychology AssociationRomeItaly
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of NursingSchool of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyUniversity Hospital LinköpingLinköpingSweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research UnitPsychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of NursingSchool of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterResearch Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseasesQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
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28
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Rahman MA, Salehin M, Islam SMS, Alif SM, Sultana F, Sharif A, Hoque N, Nazim NB, Cross WM. Reliability of the tools used to examine psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:747-758. [PMID: 33555128 PMCID: PMC8013171 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Study tools examining psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping amongst migrants and non-migrants in Australia are very limited. The aim of this research was to assess the psychometric properties and correlation of the English version of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCSV-19S), and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) tools during the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Australia. Data from a cross-sectional survey (n = 516) were utilized to examine reliability; 299 (57.9%) were migrants. High internal consistency, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha, was found for the K-10 (0.92), FCV-19S (0.87) and BRCS (0.66) tools. The corresponding values for migrants and non-migrants were (0.92, 0.87, 0.67) and (0.92, 0.86, 0.63), respectively. Item-total correlations ranged 0.57-0.78 for K-10, 0.62-0.69 for FCV-19S, and 0.39-0.50 for BRCS tools. EFA retained a single factor for each tool with adequate factor loadings. The scoring of K-10 was significantly predicted by the scoring of FCV-19S (r = 0.284, P < 0.001) and BRCS tool (r = 0.132, P < 0.01). Therefore, these tools can be used reliably amongst both migrant and non-migrant population in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Primary Care and Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masudus Salehin
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sheikh M Alif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ahmed Sharif
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Station Street Clinic, Pakenham, Victoria, Australia.,Bangladesh Institute of Family Medicine and Research, University of Science & Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hoque
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emerald Medical Centre, Emerald, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nashrin Binte Nazim
- Bangladesh Medical Society of Victoria (BMSV), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Greenvale Medical Centre, Greenvale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy M Cross
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
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Moreta-Herrera R, López-Calle C, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Cabezas Guerra C, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Barés I, Calandra M. Is it possible to find a bifactor structure in the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)? Psychometric evidence in an Ecuadorian sample. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2226-2236. [PMID: 33945438 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1914240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the construct validity based on the internal structure, the relationship with other variables, and the internal consistency among items of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a sample of 743 Ecuadorians. The findings confirm the presence of a bifactor structure, which includes a general factor and two specific factors: one emotional and the other physiological. The general factor, and the specific factors presented adequate levels of internal consistency. Finally, the FCV-19S showed a highly significant relationship with GAD-7 at the latent level. The scale has adequate psychometric properties for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato, Ecuador
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Barés
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Calandra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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30
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Şimşir Z, Koç H, Seki T, Griffiths MD. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: A meta-analysis. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:515-523. [PMID: 33641626 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1889097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused physical and mental health problems among individuals around the world. Recent studies have reported various mental health problems among both health-care workers and the general population. In this meta-analysis, evidence is provided concerning the relationships between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction] - the most widely used, translated, and validated scale - and mental health problems including, anxiety, stress, depression, distress, post-traumatic stress, and sleep problems among the general population. We searched for relevant studies on Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ERIC databases and conducted a meta-analysis with selected studies in accordance with the inclusion criteria. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that fear of COVID-19 was strongly related to anxiety (r = 0.55, n = 19,578), traumatic stress (r = 0.54, n = 8,752), distress (r = 0.53, n = 11,785) as well as being moderately related to stress (r = 0.47, n = 4,340) and depression (r = 0.38, n = 23,835). The correlation with insomnia (r = 0.27, n = 2,114) was modest. These results demonstrate that fear of COVID-19 is associated a wide range of mental health problems among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Şimşir
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hayri Koç
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tolga Seki
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Li YP, Lin CY, Kuo YJ, Chen YP, Griffiths MD. Gender Differences in the Factors Associated With the Fear of COVID-19 Among Taiwanese Older People. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211055587. [PMID: 34812083 PMCID: PMC8640305 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211055587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, older people are threatened, and there may be different psychological responses toward COVID-19 between women and men. The present study explored the factors and gender differences related to the fear of COVID-19 among older women and men in Taiwan. Methods: Geriatric patients (n = 139; 42 men; mean age = 71.73 years) who visited outpatient departments were recruited. They self-reported demographic data and completed questions asking about (i) their fear of COVID-19, (ii) whether they paid attention to COVID-19 news, (iii) whether searched for COVID-19 news, (iv) whether they believed in COVID-19 news, and (v) their preventive COVID-19 behaviors. Results: Both women and men reported a low fear of COVID-19, paid close attention to COVID-19 news, and practiced good preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors. The perceived chance of COVID-19 infection was a significant factor contributing to the fear of COVID-19 among both women and men. Preventive behaviors had a positive effect in lowering the fear of COVID-19. News about COVID-19 had a negative effect in lowering the fear of the disease among women but not men. Conclusions: As the performing of preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors was associated with a lower fear of COVID-19, healthcare providers should consider strategies for improving preventive behaviors among older people to help ease their worries and fears concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ping Li
- Department of Nursing, 71675National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, 63499Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, 63499Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, 63499Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, 63499Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, 6122Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Pramukti I, Strong C, Sitthimongkol Y, Setiawan A, Pandin MGR, Yen CF, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Ko NY. Anxiety and Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Country Comparative Study Among Indonesian, Taiwanese, and Thai University Students. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e24487. [PMID: 33296867 PMCID: PMC7772053 DOI: 10.2196/24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of university students. OBJECTIVE This study examined the psychological responses toward COVID-19 among university students from 3 countries-Indonesia, Taiwan, and Thailand. METHODS We used a web-based, cross-sectional survey to recruit 1985 university students from 5 public universities (2 in Indonesia, 1 in Thailand, and 1 in Taiwan) via popular social media platforms such as Facebook, LINE, WhatsApp, and broadcast. All students (n=938 in Indonesia, n=734 in Thailand, and n=313 in Taiwan) answered questions concerning their anxiety, suicidal thoughts (or sadness), confidence in pandemic control, risk perception of susceptibility to infection, perceived support, resources for fighting infection, and sources of information in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Among the 3 student groups, Thai students had the highest levels of anxiety but the lowest levels of confidence in pandemic control and available resources for fighting COVID-19. Factors associated with higher anxiety differed across countries. Less perceived satisfactory support was associated with more suicidal thoughts among Indonesian students. On the other hand, Taiwanese students were more negatively affected by information gathered from the internet and from medical staff than were Indonesian or Thai students. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that health care providers in Thailand may need to pay special attention to Thai university students given that high levels of anxiety were observed in this study population. In addition, health care providers should establish a good support system for university students, as the results of this study indicate a negative association between support and suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Pramukti
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.,International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Agus Setiawan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital & School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chang KC, Strong C, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Factors related to preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors among people with mental illness. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1772-1780. [PMID: 32773260 PMCID: PMC7388748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Because of the spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019), preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors become important for individuals, especially those who are vulnerable. The present study proposes a model to explain the preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors among people with mental illness in Taiwan. METHODS A cross-sectional design was carried out and 414 patients with mental illness (230 males [55.6%]; mean age = 46.32 [SD = 10.86]) agreed to participate in the study. All the participants completed the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale, Self-Stigma Scale-Short, Believing COVID-19 Information Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Regression models and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to examine the factors associated with preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors. RESULTS Both regression models and SEM showed that trust in COVID-19 information sources (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.211 in regression; β = 0.194 in SEM) and fear of COVID-19 (β = -0.128 in regression; β = -0.223 in SEM) significantly explained preventive behaviors among individuals with mental illness. The SEM further showed that fear of COVID-19 was significantly explained by trust in COVID-19 information sources (β = 0.220) and self-stigma (β = 0.454). CONCLUSION Based on the results, healthcare providers should help individuals with mental illness reduce self-stigma and fear of COVID-19 which would consequently improve their preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors. Moreover, improving trust in COVID-19 information sources for individuals with mental illness may be another method to improve their preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chia Chang
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Natural Biotechnology, NanHua University, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Wakashima K, Asai K, Kobayashi D, Koiwa K, Kamoshida S, Sakuraba M. The Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale: Reliability, validity, and relation to coping behavior. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241958. [PMID: 33152038 PMCID: PMC7644080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is spreading worldwide, causing various social problems. The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and to ascertain FCV-19S effects on assessment of Japanese people's coping behavior. After back-translation of the scale, 450 Japanese participants were recruited from a crowdsourcing platform. These participants responded to the Japanese FCV-19S, the Japanese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Japanese versions of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD), which assesses coping behaviors such as stockpiling and health monitoring, reasons for coping behaviors, and socio-demographic variables. Results indicated the factor structure of the Japanese FCV-19S as including seven items and one factor that were equivalent to those of the original FCV-19S. The scale showed adequate internal reliability (α = .87; ω = .92) and concurrent validity, as indicated by significantly positive correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; anxiety, r = .56; depression, r = .29) and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD; perceived infectability, r = .32; germ aversion, r = .29). Additionally, the FCV-19S not only directly increased all coping behaviors (β = .21 - .36); it also indirectly increased stockpiling through conformity reason (indirect effect, β = .04; total effect, β = .31). These results suggest that the Japanese FCV-19S psychometric scale has equal reliability and validity to those of the original FCV-19S. These findings will contribute further to the investigation of various difficulties arising from fear about COVID-19 in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keigo Asai
- Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University of Education, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Koiwa
- Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saeko Kamoshida
- Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sakuraba
- Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Seyed Hashemi SG, Hosseinnezhad S, Dini S, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. The mediating effect of the cyberchondria and anxiety sensitivity in the association between problematic internet use, metacognition beliefs, and fear of COVID-19 among Iranian online population. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05135. [PMID: 33072911 PMCID: PMC7547399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals may try to find related medical information using the internet to overcome their fears. Under such circumstances, individuals with the features of cyberchondria, anxiety sensitivity, and metacognitive beliefs in negative thoughts may suffer more fears than those without these features. Therefore, the present study proposed a model to understand the associations between problematic internet use (PIU), cyberchondria, anxiety sensitivity, metacognition beliefs, and fear of COVID-19. Utilizing a cross-sectional online survey, 651 Iranians completed the following psychometric scales: Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI), Cyberchondria Severity Scale-Short Form (CSS-12), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the proposed model via several fit indices. The indices include Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The fit indices (CFI = 0.948, TLI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.053, and SRMR = 0.001) indicated the good fit between the data and the proposed model. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was significantly and directly predicted by cyberchondria (β = 0.479, p < .001) and anxiety sensitivity (β = 0.286, p < .001). The relationship between PIU and cyberchondria with fear of COVID-19 was mediated significantly by anxiety sensitivity and metacognitive beliefs. Because fear of COVID-19 was found to be significantly associated with cyberchondria and anxiety sensitivity, healthcare providers may want to provide additional support for those with cyberchondria and anxiety sensitivity tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ghasem Seyed Hashemi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Solmaz Dini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bonab Branch, Payame Noor University, Bonab, Iran
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Amir-Behghadami M, Tabrizi JS, Saadati M, Gholizadeh M. Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of self-care ability scale for the elderly. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:364. [PMID: 32962635 PMCID: PMC7510275 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring self-care ability in elderly people needs specific instruments. The Self-care Ability Scale for Elderly (SASE) is one of the common instruments used for assessing self-care ability. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the SASE among Iranian elderly population. METHODS This cross-cultural adaptation study was carried out at Shahid Chamran and Shadpour Health Complex in Tabriz, Iran. The forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the SASE from English into Persian. Then, it was completed to 220 elderly people. A systematic random sampling method was used for sampling. Content validity was calculated through modified Kappa coefficient (modified CVI) based on clarity and relevance criteria. Reliability was measured by internal consistency and test-retest analysis. The construct validity also was assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21 statistical software package. RESULTS The mean of self-care ability was 61.14 ± 21.08. The CVI and modified kappa were 0.91 and 0.92 for relevance and clarity, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.73 and Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.97. The results of EFA revealed a three-factor solution ('ability to take care of personal responsibility', 'ability to take care for the goals', and 'ability to take care of the health') that jointly explained for 64.61% of the total variance. CONCLUSION Results of the study showed that the Iranian version of the SASE has good psychometric properties and can be used in assessing the self-care ability of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management (IceHM), Department of Health Service Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, University Rd, Golbad, EAZN, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran.
| | - Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management (IceHM), Department of Health Service Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, University Rd, Golbad, EAZN, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran.,Tabriz Health Service Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadati
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gholizadeh
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management (IceHM), Department of Health Service Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, University Rd, Golbad, EAZN, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
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Lin CY, Broström A, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100345. [PMID: 32868992 PMCID: PMC7449889 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the serious situation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, many countries have implemented policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, some of these policies prevent people from physical contact. Consequently, many individuals may rely on social media to obtain information concerning COVID-19. Unfortunately, social media use (especially problematic social media use) may give rise to psychological distress. Therefore, this study thus examined potential psychopathology to explain the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. METHODS Utilizing an online survey, a sample of Iranian young adults (n = 1078 with 628 males; mean age = 26.24 years [SD ± 7.41]) completed questions and psychometric scales concerning psychological distress, insomnia, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 misunderstanding. RESULTS Problematic social media use was significantly associated with psychological distress both directly and indirectly. The indirect effects were through fear of COVID-19 (unstandardized coefficient [B] = 0.177; Bootstrapping SE = 0.026) and COVID-19 misunderstanding (B = 0.060; Bootstrapping SE = 0.014). Problematic social media use was significantly associated with insomnia both directly and indirectly. The indirect effect was through fear of COVID-19 (B = 0.062; Bootstrapping SE = 0.019) but not COVID-19 misunderstanding (B = 0.012; Bootstrapping SE = 0.014). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Due to the pressure of the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals are highly likely to develop psychological distress and insomnia. Apart from developing appropriate health policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection, healthcare providers should design appropriate online campaigns to eliminate people's fear of COVID-19 and to diminish misunderstanding concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Nottingham Trent University, International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Corresponding author at: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Bahounar BLV, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran.
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Lin CY, Imani V, Majd NR, Ghasemi Z, Griffiths MD, Hamilton K, Hagger MS, Pakpour AH. Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:981-1005. [PMID: 32780891 PMCID: PMC7436576 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Rates of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections have rapidly increased worldwide and reached pandemic proportions. A suite of preventive behaviours have been recommended to minimize risk of COVID‐19 infection in the general population. The present study utilized an integrated social cognition model to explain COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in a sample from the Iranian general population. Design The study adopted a three‐wave prospective correlational design. Methods Members of the general public (N = 1,718, Mage = 33.34, SD = 15.77, male = 796, female = 922) agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed self‐report measures of demographic characteristics, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and action self‐efficacy at an initial data collection occasion. One week later, participants completed self‐report measures of maintenance self‐efficacy, action planning and coping planning, and, a further week later, measures of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Hypothesized relationships among social cognition constructs and COVID‐19 preventive behaviours according to the proposed integrated model were estimated using structural equation modelling. Results The proposed model fitted the data well according to multiple goodness‐of‐fit criteria. All proposed relationships among model constructs were statistically significant. The social cognition constructs with the largest effects on COVID‐19 preventive behaviours were coping planning (β = .575, p < .001) and action planning (β = .267, p < .001). Conclusions Current findings may inform the development of behavioural interventions in health care contexts by identifying intervention targets. In particular, findings suggest targeting change in coping planning and action planning may be most effective in promoting participation in COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject?Curbing COVID‐19 infections globally is vital to reduce severe cases and deaths in at‐risk groups. Preventive behaviours like handwashing and social distancing can stem contagion of the coronavirus. Identifying modifiable correlates of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours is needed to inform intervention.
What does this study add?An integrated model identified predictors of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in Iranian residents. Prominent predictors were intentions, planning, self‐efficacy, and perceived behavioural control. Findings provide insight into potentially modifiable constructs that interventions can target. Research should examine if targeting these factors lead to changes in COVID‐19 behaviours over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nilofar Rajabi Majd
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.,Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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The Psychometric Validation of FCV19S in Urdu and Socio-Demographic Association with Fear in the People of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province in Pakistan. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 20:426-436. [PMID: 32837443 PMCID: PMC7354742 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study rests on two important considerations: the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Pakistan and also the marginalization of the people of the KPK province, which would make them more vulnerable in fearing COVID-19. We aim to translate and validate FCV-19S into the Urdu language and to identify the socio-demographic associations with fear in the people of the KPK. Using an online Google survey, we were able to sample 501 respondents from the KPK. The Cronbach alpha α value for the Urdu FCV-19S displayed good internal reliability at .846. The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S in Urdu was confirmed, and all of the items were found to be statistically significant, ranging from 0.59 to 0.80. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that fit indices are all within an acceptable limit. The FCV-19S was also significantly and positively correlated with preventive behavior (r = .328, p < .01) and general anxiety (r = .458, p < .01). The results of independent sample t tests show that women (t = 4.086, p < 0.001), married people (t = − 2.709, p < .001), and unemployed people (t = − 3.199, p < 0.001) of the KPK experienced great fear of COVID-19. We conclude that that the Urdu version of the FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool and must be used by healthcare practitioners, government bodies, and researchers, to identify the prevalence of fear and to subsequently plan improved social and health policies to reduce anxiety in the public.
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Islam SDU, Bodrud-Doza M, Khan RM, Haque MA, Mamun MA. Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: A perception-based study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04399. [PMID: 32685726 PMCID: PMC7350787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has aggregated mental health sufferings throughout the entire world. Suicide completions are the extreme consequences of COVID-19 related psychological burdens, which was reported in many countries including Bangladesh. However, there are lack of study assessing COVID-19 related human stress and its' associations with other relevant factors affecting quality of life in the country, and which were explored in the present study. METHODS An online based survey was carried out among 340 Bangladeshi adult populations (65.90% male; mean age 26.23 ± 6.39) by utilizing the socio-demographics, possible human stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences. Dataset were analysed through a set of statistical tools e.g., T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Matrix (PCM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Cluster Analysis (CA). RESULTS About 85.60% of the participants are in COVID-19-related stress, which results in sleep shortness, short temper, and chaos in family. Fear of COVID-19 infection (i.e., self and/or family member(s), and/or relatives), hampering scheduled study plan and future career, and financial difficulties are identified as the main causes of human stress. Results of PCM explain the relationship among the factors of human stress, and found economic hardship and food crisis are linked together causes stress of mass people, while hamper of formal education and future plan create stress of career seeker. T-test, and one-way ANOVA illustrate demographic characteristics (i.e., occupation, age, gender, and marital status) have significant effects on elevated mental stress. Moreover, PCA and CA results revealed significant interface among the respondents' perception and factors of human stress, which matched with the existing scenario of the country. CONCLUSIONS Considering the present findings, it is essential to introduce time-oriented policy, and implement care monitoring plans in the country, which may help in managing the pandemic as well as nurturing the public mental health to combat COVID-19 related psychological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Didar-Ul Islam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bodrud-Doza
- Climate Change Programme (CCP), BRAC, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Undergraduate Research Organization, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abidul Haque
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- Undergraduate Research Organization, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students' coursework, stress levels, and perceived health. Various estimates indicate that high proportions of college students have experienced increased amounts of stress (Dziech, Inside Higher Education, 2020; Hartocollis, New York Times, 2020), yet other sources indicate that many college students respond to these changes with resilience (Kelley, Cornell Chronicle, 2020). A method for assessing student anxiety regarding the pandemic is thus needed. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020) is a seven-item scale which has been validated and shown to possess good psychometric qualities in studies of participants from multiple countries. The current study used a cross-sectional convenience sample of US college student participants (n = 237) and found that the FCV-19S has high reliability and validity as demonstrated by its internal consistency and strong one-factor solution. Scores on the FCV-19S were positively correlated with anxiety for students who were married or of Asian descent. Additionally, the FCV-19S was only moderately correlated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), suggesting that the FCV-19S may bring added utility to research and clinical practice with populations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Perz
- University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson St., Victoria, TX 77901 USA
| | - Brent A. Lang
- University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson St., Victoria, TX 77901 USA
| | - Rick Harrington
- University of Houston-Victoria, 3007 N. Ben Wilson St., Victoria, TX 77901 USA
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