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Gingrich AA, Razmara AM, Gingrich PW, Rebhun RB, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Brown CT, Siegel JB, Canter RJ. Missing a "Missing Self" Mechanism: Modeling and Detection of Ly49 Expression in Canine NK Cells. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:760-770. [PMID: 37971282 PMCID: PMC10696421 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are a key focus in immuno-oncology, based on their ability to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization. Dogs are valuable models for translational immunotherapy studies, especially for NK cells, where critical species differences exist between mice and humans. Given that the mechanism for recognition of "self" by canine NK cells is currently unknown, we sought to evaluate expression of Ly49 in canine NK cells using in silico and high-throughput techniques. We interrogated the identified polymorphism/mutation in canine Ly49 and assessed the potential impact on structure using computational modeling of three-dimensional protein structure and protein-protein docking of canine Ly49 with MHC class I (MHC-I). Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to detect gene expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in resting and activated NK cells. Tertiary protein structure demonstrated significant structural similarity to the known murine system. Molecular docking of canine Ly49 with MHC-I was favorable, converging at a single low-energy conformation. RNA sequencing revealed expression of Ly49/KLRA1 in both resting and activated NK cells and demonstrated almost exclusive expression of the gene in the NK cluster at the single-cell level. Despite prior reports of a mutated, nonfunctional canine Ly49, our data support that the protein product is predicted to bind to MHC-I in a comparable conformation to the murine system and is expressed in canine NK cells with upregulation following activation. Taken together, these data suggest that Ly49 is capable of recognizing MHC-I and therefore regulating NK cell function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Aryana M. Razmara
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Phillip W. Gingrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Justin B. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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2
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Bednarski JJ, Zimmerman C, Berrien-Elliott MM, Foltz JA, Becker-Hapak M, Neal CC, Foster M, Schappe T, McClain E, Pence PP, Desai S, Kersting-Schadek S, Wong P, Russler-Germain DA, Fisk B, Lie WR, Eisele J, Hyde S, Bhatt ST, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Petti AA, Cashen AF, Fehniger TA. Donor memory-like NK cells persist and induce remissions in pediatric patients with relapsed AML after transplant. Blood 2022; 139:1670-1683. [PMID: 34871371 PMCID: PMC8931511 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric and young adult (YA) patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have an extremely poor prognosis. Standard salvage chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) have little curative potential. Previous studies showed that natural killer (NK) cells can be stimulated ex vivo with interleukin-12 (IL-12), -15, and -18 to generate memory-like (ML) NK cells with enhanced antileukemia responses. We treated 9 pediatric/YA patients with post-HCT relapsed AML with donor ML NK cells in a phase 1 trial. Patients received fludarabine, cytarabine, and filgrastim followed 2 weeks later by infusion of donor lymphocytes and ML NK cells from the original HCT donor. ML NK cells were successfully generated from haploidentical and matched-related and -unrelated donors. After infusion, donor-derived ML NK cells expanded and maintained an ML multidimensional mass cytometry phenotype for >3 months. Furthermore, ML NK cells exhibited persistent functional responses as evidenced by leukemia-triggered interferon-γ production. After DLI and ML NK cell adoptive transfer, 4 of 8 evaluable patients achieved complete remission at day 28. Two patients maintained a durable remission for >3 months, with 1 patient in remission for >2 years. No significant toxicity was experienced. This study demonstrates that, in a compatible post-HCT immune environment, donor ML NK cells robustly expand and persist with potent antileukemic activity in the absence of exogenous cytokines. ML NK cells in combination with DLI present a novel immunotherapy platform for AML that has relapsed after allogeneic HCT. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03068819.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare Zimmerman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Melissa M Berrien-Elliott
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michelle Becker-Hapak
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carly C Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mark Foster
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Timothy Schappe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ethan McClain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Patrick P Pence
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sweta Desai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Samantha Kersting-Schadek
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela Wong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David A Russler-Germain
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bryan Fisk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Jeremy Eisele
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephanie Hyde
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Sima T Bhatt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Obi L Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amanda F Cashen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Tarannum M, Romee R. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:592. [PMID: 34863287 PMCID: PMC8642969 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are an important part of the innate immune system mediating robust responses to virus-infected and malignant cells without needing prior antigen priming. NK cells have always been thought to be short-lived and with no antigen specificity; however, recent data support the presence of NK cell memory including in the hapten-specific contact hypersensitivity model and in certain viral infections. The memory-like features can also be generated by short-term activation of both murine and human NK cells with cytokine combination of IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, imparting increased longevity and enhanced anticancer functionality. Preclinical studies and very early clinical trials demonstrate safety and very promising clinical activity of these cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells, making them an attractive cell type for developing novel adoptive cellular immunotherapy strategies. Furthermore, efforts are on to arm them with novel gene constructs for enhanced tumor targeting and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Tarannum
- Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Gingrich AA, Reiter TE, Judge SJ, York D, Yanagisawa M, Razmara A, Sturgill I, Basmaci UN, Brady RV, Stoffel K, Murphy WJ, Rebhun RB, Brown CT, Canter RJ. Comparative Immunogenomics of Canine Natural Killer Cells as Immunotherapy Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670309. [PMID: 34594320 PMCID: PMC8476892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key effectors of the innate immune system, but major differences between human and murine NK cells have impeded translation. Outbred dogs offer an important link for studies of NK biology and immunotherapy. We analyzed gene expression of putative NK populations from healthy dogs and dogs with naturally-occurring cancers examining differential gene expression across multiple conditions, including steady-state, in vitro activation with cytokines and co-culture, and in vivo activation with inhaled IL-15 in dogs receiving IL-15 immunotherapy. We also compared dog, mouse and human CD3-NKp46+ NK cells using a novel orthologous transcriptome. Distinct transcriptional profiles between NK populations exist between conditions and in vitro versus in vivo treatments. In cross-species analysis, canine NK cells were globally more similar to human NK cells than mice. These data define canine NK cell gene expression under multiple conditions and across species, filling an important gap in translational NK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Taylor E. Reiter
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean J. Judge
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mio Yanagisawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aryana Razmara
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ian Sturgill
- Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ugur Nur Basmaci
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Rachel V. Brady
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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5
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Bates PD, Rakhmilevich AL, Cho MM, Bouchlaka MN, Rao SL, Hales JM, Orentas RJ, Fry TJ, Gilles SD, Sondel PM, Capitini CM. Combining Immunocytokine and Ex Vivo Activated NK Cells as a Platform for Enhancing Graft-Versus-Tumor Effects Against GD2 + Murine Neuroblastoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668307. [PMID: 34489927 PMCID: PMC8417312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Management for high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL) has included autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and anti-GD2 immunotherapy, but survival remains around 50%. The aim of this study was to determine if allogeneic HSCT could serve as a platform for inducing a graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect against NBL with combination immunocytokine and NK cells in a murine model. Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 (B6) x A/J recipients were transplanted with B6 bone marrow on Day +0. On day +10, allogeneic HSCT recipients were challenged with NXS2, a GD2+ NBL. On days +14-16, mice were treated with the anti-GD2 immunocytokine hu14.18-IL2. In select groups, hu14.18-IL2 was combined with infusions of B6 NK cells activated with IL-15/IL-15Rα and CD137L ex vivo. Allogeneic HSCT alone was insufficient to control NXS2 tumor growth, but the addition of hu14.18-IL2 controlled tumor growth and improved survival. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells with or without hu14.18-IL2 exacerbated lethality. CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells showed enhanced cytotoxicity and produced high levels of TNF-α in vitro, but induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in vivo. Infusing Perforin-/- CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells had no impact on GVT, whereas TNF-α-/- CD137L/IL-15/IL-15Rα activated NK cells improved GVT by decreasing peripheral effector cell subsets while preserving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Depletion of Ly49H+ NK cells also improved GVT. Using allogeneic HSCT for NBL is a viable platform for immunocytokines and ex vivo activated NK cell infusions, but must be balanced with induction of CRS. Regulation of TNFα or activating NK subsets may be needed to improve GVT effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Female
- Gangliosides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gangliosides/immunology
- Gangliosides/metabolism
- Graft vs Tumor Effect
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexander L. Rakhmilevich
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica M. Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Myriam N. Bouchlaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Seema L. Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joanna M. Hales
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rimas J. Orentas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Terry J. Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Paul M. Sondel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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6
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Davis-Marcisak EF, Fitzgerald AA, Kessler MD, Danilova L, Jaffee EM, Zaidi N, Weiner LM, Fertig EJ. Transfer learning between preclinical models and human tumors identifies a conserved NK cell activation signature in anti-CTLA-4 responsive tumors. Genome Med 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34376232 PMCID: PMC8356429 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor response to therapy is affected by both the cell types and the cell states present in the tumor microenvironment. This is true for many cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While it is well-established that ICIs promote T cell activation, their broader impact on other intratumoral immune cells is unclear; this information is needed to identify new mechanisms of action and improve ICI efficacy. Many preclinical studies have begun using single-cell analysis to delineate therapeutic responses in individual immune cell types within tumors. One major limitation to this approach is that therapeutic mechanisms identified in preclinical models have failed to fully translate to human disease, restraining efforts to improve ICI efficacy in translational research. METHOD We previously developed a computational transfer learning approach called projectR to identify shared biology between independent high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. In the present study, we test this algorithm's ability to identify conserved and clinically relevant transcriptional changes in complex tumor scRNA-seq data and expand its application to the comparison of scRNA-seq datasets with additional data types such as bulk RNA-seq and mass cytometry. RESULTS We found a conserved signature of NK cell activation in anti-CTLA-4 responsive mouse and human tumors. In human metastatic melanoma, we found that the NK cell activation signature associates with longer overall survival and is predictive of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) response. Additional molecular approaches to confirm the computational findings demonstrated that human NK cells express CTLA-4 and bind anti-CTLA-4 antibodies independent of the antibody binding receptor (FcR) and that similar to T cells, CTLA-4 expression by NK cells is modified by cytokine-mediated and target cell-mediated NK cell activation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a novel application of our transfer learning approach, which was able to identify cell state transitions conserved in preclinical models and human tumors. This approach can be adapted to explore many questions in cancer therapeutics, enhance translational research, and enable better understanding and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Davis-Marcisak
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of the Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison A Fitzgerald
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D Kessler
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Sun X, Feinberg MW. Vascular Endothelial Senescence: Pathobiological Insights, Emerging Long Noncoding RNA Targets, Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693067. [PMID: 34220553 PMCID: PMC8242592 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable form of cell cycle arrest in response to various stressors. While it serves as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism, detrimental effects ensue when it is dysregulated. In this review, we introduce recent advances for cellular senescence and inflammaging, the underlying mechanisms for the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in tissues during aging, new knowledge learned from p16 reporter mice, and the development of machine learning algorithms in cellular senescence. We focus on pathobiological insights underlying cellular senescence of the vascular endothelium, a critical interface between blood and all tissues. Common causes and hallmarks of endothelial senescence are highlighted as well as recent advances in endothelial senescence. The regulation of cellular senescence involves multiple mechanistic layers involving chromatin, DNA, RNA, and protein levels. New targets are discussed including the roles of long noncoding RNAs in regulating endothelial cellular senescence. Emerging small molecules are highlighted that have anti-aging or anti-senescence effects in age-related diseases and impact homeostatic control of the vascular endothelium. Lastly, challenges and future directions are discussed including heterogeneity of endothelial cells and endothelial senescence, senescent markers and detection of senescent endothelial cells, evolutionary differences for immune surveillance in mice and humans, and long noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in attenuating cellular senescence. Accumulating studies indicate that cellular senescence is reversible. A better understanding of endothelial cellular senescence through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions holds promise to foster a new frontier in the management of cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases Through Dietary Molecules, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Prator CA, Donatelli J, Henrich TJ. From Berlin to London: HIV-1 Reservoir Reduction Following Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:385-393. [PMID: 32519184 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few interventional strategies lead to significant reductions in HIV-1 reservoir size or prolonged antiretroviral (ART)-free remission. Allogeneic stem cell transplantations (SCT) with or without donor cells harboring genetic mutations preventing functional expression of CCR5, an HIV coreceptor, lead to dramatic reductions in residual HIV burden. However, the mechanisms by which SCT reduces viral reservoirs and leads to a potential functional HIV cure are not well understood. RECENT FINDINGS A growing number of studies involving allogeneic SCT in people with HIV are emerging, including those with and without transplants involving CCR5Δ32/Δ32 mutations. Donor cells resistant to HIV entry are likely required in order to achieve permanent ART-free viral remission. However, dramatic reductions in the HIV reservoir secondary to beneficial graft-versus-host effects may lead to loss of HIV detection in blood and various tissues and lead to prolonged time to HIV rebound in individuals with wild-type CCR5 donors. Studies of SCT recipients and those who started very early ART during hyperacute infection suggest that dramatic reductions in reservoir size or restriction of initial reservoir seeding may lead to 8-10 months of time prior to eventual, and rapid, HIV recrudescence. Studies of allogeneic SCT in people with HIV have provided important insights into the size and nature of the HIV reservoir, and have invigorated other gene therapies to achieve HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA
| | - Joanna Donatelli
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA.,California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue Building 3, Room 525A, San Francisco, CA, 97706, USA.
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9
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Novel CD19-targeted TriKE restores NK cell function and proliferative capacity in CLL. Blood Adv 2020; 3:897-907. [PMID: 30890546 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018029371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by chronic clonal expansion of mature CD19-expressing B lymphocytes and global dysfunction of immune effectors, including natural killer (NK) cells. CLL remains incurable, and novel approaches to refractory CLL are needed. Our group has previously described trispecific killer engager (TriKE) molecules that redirect NK cell function against tumor cells. TriKE reagents simultaneously bind an activating receptor on NK cells, CD16, and a tumor antigen while also providing an NK cell expansion signal via an interleukin-15 moiety. Here we developed the novel CD19-targeting 161519 TriKE. We demonstrate that 161519 TriKE induced killing of a CD19-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma cell line and examined the impact on primary CLL targets using healthy donor and patient NK cells. 161519 TriKE induced potent healthy donor NK cell activation, proliferation, and directed killing. Furthermore, 161519 TriKE rescued the inflammatory function of NK cells obtained from CLL patient peripheral blood samples. Finally, we show that 161519 TriKE induced better directed killing of CLL in vitro when compared with rituximab. In conclusion, 161519 TriKE drives a potent activating and proliferative signal on NK cells, resulting in enhanced NK cell expansion and CLL target killing. Our findings indicate the potential immunotherapeutic value of 161519 TriKE in CLL.
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10
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Knorr DA, Goldberg AD, Stein EM, Tallman MS. Immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: from allogeneic stem cell transplant to novel therapeutics. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3350-3362. [PMID: 31335250 PMCID: PMC6928392 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1639167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in the form of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) plays an instrumental role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with non-transplant modalities of immunotherapy including checkpoint blockade now being actively explored. Here, we provide an overview of the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in AML as a window into understanding the prospects of AML immunotherapy. We explore the roles of various cell types in orchestrating anti-leukemic immunity, as well as those contributing to the unique immune suppressive state of myeloid diseases. We discuss specific approaches to engage the immune system, while noting the challenges of the AML antigen landscape and the barriers to immune modulation. We review the potential for immunomodulatory agents in combination with cellular therapies, donor lymphocyte infusion, and following SCT. Finally, to address the challenge of minimal residual disease (MRD) following chemotherapy, we propose combination epigenetic and immunotherapy for the eradication of MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Knorr
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D. Goldberg
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eytan M. Stein
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Alvarez M, Ochoa MC, Minute L, Melero I, Berraondo P. Rapid isolation and enrichment of mouse NK cells for experimental purposes. Methods Enzymol 2019; 631:257-275. [PMID: 31948551 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have shown to play a critical, but as yet poorly defined, role in the process by which the immune system controls tumor progression. Indeed, NK cell-based immunotherapy, particularly NK cell adoptive transfer therapy, has become a very attractive cancer weapon against multiple types of cancers such as metastatic and hematological cancers. Unfortunately, the implementation of these therapies has been challenged by the existence of immunosuppression mechanisms that have prevented NK cell functionality. Additionally, the development of protocols to obtain purified and functional NK cells has faced some difficulties due to the limitations in the numbers of cells that can be obtained and the development of an exhaustion phenotype with impaired proliferative and functional capabilities during lengthy ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols. Thus, the development of new strategies to obtain a rapid expansion of highly functional NK cells without the appearance of exhaustion is still much needed. This is particularly true in the case of mouse NK cells, a surrogate commonly used to evaluate NK cell biology and human NK cell-based immunotherapeutic alternatives. Here, we describe a feasible and rapid protocol to produce strongly activated mouse NK cells in vivo taking advantage of the hydrodynamic delivery of a plasmid that contains interleukin-15, a cytokine known to cause NK cell expansion and activation, fused with the binding domain of the IL-15Rα ("sushi" domain) and apolipoprotein A-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Pomeroy EJ, Hunzeker JT, Kluesner MG, Lahr WS, Smeester BA, Crosby MR, Lonetree CL, Yamamoto K, Bendzick L, Miller JS, Geller MA, Walcheck B, Felices M, Webber BR, Starr TK, Moriarity BS. A Genetically Engineered Primary Human Natural Killer Cell Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2019; 28:52-63. [PMID: 31704085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by blocking inhibitory signaling could lead to improved NK-based cancer immunotherapy. Thus, we have developed a highly efficient method for editing the genome of human NK cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out inhibitory signaling molecules. Our method efficiently edits up to 90% of primary peripheral blood NK cells. As a proof-of-principle we demonstrate highly efficient knockout of ADAM17 and PDCD1, genes that have a functional impact on NK cells, and demonstrate that these gene-edited NK cells have significantly improved activity, cytokine production, and cancer cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we were able to expand cells to clinically relevant numbers, without loss of activity. We also demonstrate that our CRISPR/Cas9 method can be used for efficient knockin of genes by delivering homologous recombination template DNA using recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (rAAV6). Our platform represents a feasible method for generating engineered primary NK cells as a universal therapeutic for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Pomeroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John T Hunzeker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mitchell G Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Walker S Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden A Smeester
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Margaret R Crosby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cara-Lin Lonetree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura Bendzick
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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13
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Cadena-Mota S, Monsiváis-Urenda A, Salgado-Bustamante M, Monjarás-Ávila C, Bernal-Silva S, Aranda-Romo S, Noyola DE. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection and leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 polymorphisms on receptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 62:755-762. [PMID: 30461037 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 (LILRB1) plays a significant role in a number of infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and oncologic disorders. LILRB1 expression varies between individuals and may be associated with polymorphisms on the regulatory region of the LILRB1 gene, as well as to previous cytomegalovirus infection. In this study, the contribution of these two factors to LILRB1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy young adults was analyzed. LILRB1 expression in NK cells, T cells, B cells and monocytes was significantly stronger in individuals who had had cytomegalovirus infection than in those who had not (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, no differences in LILRB1 expression were observed between individuals with and without GAA haplotypes of the LILRB1 regulatory region. However, when analyzed according to cytomegalovirus infection status, significant differences in LILRB1+ NK cells were observed. A higher proportion of LILRB1+ cells was found in GAA+ than in GAA- individuals who had not been infected (P < 0.01), whereas GAA- individuals had a larger proportion of LILRB1+ cells than GAA+ individuals who were cytomegalovirus positive (P < 0.01). In conclusion, cytomegalovirus infection has a major effect on LILRB1 expression in NK and other mononuclear cells and polymorphisms in the LILRB1 regulatory region appear to have a modulatory influence over this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cadena-Mota
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adriana Monsiváis-Urenda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 550 Sierra Leona Avenue, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mariana Salgado-Bustamante
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - César Monjarás-Ávila
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sofía Bernal-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 550 Sierra Leona Avenue, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Saray Aranda-Romo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Pathology Laboratory, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2 Dr. Manuel Nava Avenue, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Daniel E Noyola
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, 2405 Venustiano Carranza Avenue, Colonia los Filtros, 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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14
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Guo Y, Feng X, Jiang Y, Shi X, Xing X, Liu X, Li N, Fadeel B, Zheng C. PD1 blockade enhances cytotoxicity of in vitro expanded natural killer cells towards myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48360-48374. [PMID: 27356741 PMCID: PMC5217023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming for an adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy, we have developed a novel protocol to expand NK cells from peripheral blood. With this protocol using anti-human CD16 antibody and interleukin (IL)-2, NK (CD3-CD56+) cells could be expanded about 4000-fold with over 70% purity during a 21-day culture. The expanded NK (exNK) cells were shown to be highly cytotoxic to multiple myeloma (MM) cells (RPMI8226) at low NK-target cell ratios. Furthermore, NK cells expanded in the presence of a blocking antibody (exNK+PD1-blockage) against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1), a key counteracting molecule for NK and T cell activity, demonstrated more potent cytolytic activity against the RPMI8226 than the exNK cells without PD1 blocking. In parallel, the exNK cells showed significantly higher expression of NK activation receptors NKG2D, NKp44 and NKp30. In a murine model of MM, transfusion of exNK cells, exNK+PD1-blockage, and exNK plus intratumor injection of anti-PD-L2 antibody (exNK+PD-L2 blockage) all significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of the myeloma mice. Importantly, exNK+PD1-blockage presented more efficient therapeutic effects. Our results suggest that the NK cell expansion protocol with PD1 blockade presented in this study has considerable potential for the clinical application of allo- and auto-NK cell-based therapies against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Clinical Laboratory Department of The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangling Xing
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nailin Li
- Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Hematology Department, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Bachanova V, Sarhan D, DeFor TE, Cooley S, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Blazar BR, Curtsinger JM, Burns L, Weisdorf DJ, Miller JS. Haploidentical natural killer cells induce remissions in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with low levels of immune-suppressor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:483-494. [PMID: 29218366 PMCID: PMC6055922 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel phase 2 clinical trial in patients with poor prognosis refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) testing the efficacy of haploidentical donor natural killer (NK) cell therapy (NK dose 0.5-3.27 × 107 NK cells/kg) with rituximab and IL-2 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01181258). Therapy was tolerated without graft-versus-host disease, cytokine release syndrome, or neurotoxicity. Of 14 evaluable patients, 4 had objective responses (29%; 95% CI 12-55%) at 2 months: 2 had complete response lasting 3 and 9 months. Circulating donor NK cells persisted for at least 7 days after infusion at the level 0.6-16 donor NK cells/µl or 0.35-90% of total CD56 cells. Responding patients had lower levels of circulating host-derived Tregs (17 ± 4 vs. 307 ± 152 cells/µL; p = 0.008) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells at baseline (6.6 ± 1.4% vs. 13.0 ± 2.7%; p = 0.06) than non-responding patients. Lower circulating Tregs correlated with low serum levels of IL-10 (R 2 = 0.64; p < 0.003; n = 11), suggestive of less immunosuppressive milieu. Low expression of PD-1 on recipient T cells before therapy was associated with response. Endogenous IL-15 levels were higher in responders than non-responding patients at the day of NK cell infusion (mean ± SEM: 30 ± 4; n = 4 vs. 19.0 ± 4.0 pg/ml; n = 8; p = 0.02) and correlated with day 14 NK cytotoxicity as measured by expression of CD107a (R 2 = 0.74; p = 0.0009; n = 12). In summary, our observations support development of donor NK cellular therapies for advanced NHL as a strategy to overcome chemoresistance. Therapeutic efficacy may be further improved through disruption of the immunosuppressive environment and infusion of exogenous IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bachanova
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Todd E DeFor
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sarah Cooley
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Julie M Curtsinger
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Linda Burns
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, MMC 480, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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16
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Lanuza PM, Vigueras A, Olivan S, Prats AC, Costas S, Llamazares G, Sanchez-Martinez D, Ayuso JM, Fernandez L, Ochoa I, Pardo J. Activated human primary NK cells efficiently kill colorectal cancer cells in 3D spheroid cultures irrespectively of the level of PD-L1 expression. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1395123. [PMID: 29632716 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1395123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploidentical Natural Killer (NK) cells have been shown as an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of haematological malignancies with poor prognosis for which traditional therapies are ineffective. In contrast to haematological cancer cells, that mainly grow as single suspension cells, solid carcinomas are characterised by a tridimensional (3D) architecture that provide specific surviving advantages and resistance against chemo- and radiotherapy. However, little is known about the impact of 3D growth on solid cancer immunotherapy especially adoptive NK cell transfer. We have recently developed a protocol to activate ex vivo human primary NK cells using B lymphoblastic cell lines, which generates NK cells able to overcome chemoresistance in haematological cancer cells. Here we have analysed the activity of these allogeneic NK cells against colorectal (CRC) human cell lines growing in 3D spheroid culture and correlated with the expression of some of the main ligands regulating NK cell activity. Our results indicate that activated NK cells efficiently kill colorectal tumour cell spheroids in both 2D and 3D cultures. Notably, although 3D CRC cell cultures favoured the expression of the inhibitory immune checkpoint PD-L1, it did not correlate with increased resistance to NK cells. Finally, we have analysed in detail the infiltration of NK cells in 3D spheroids by microscopy and found that at low NK cell density, cell death is not observed although NK cells are able to infiltrate into the spheroid. In contrast, higher densities promote tumoural cell death before infiltration can be detected. These findings show that highly dense activated human primary NK cells efficiently kill colorectal carcinoma cells growing in 3D cultures independently of PD-L1 expression and suggest that the use of allogeneic activated NK cells could be beneficial for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar M Lanuza
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alan Vigueras
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB); Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Sara Olivan
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB); Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Anne C Prats
- Inserm, U1037, F-31432 Toulouse, France, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Santiago Costas
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Llamazares
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB); Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | | | - José María Ayuso
- Medical Engineering, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luis Fernandez
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB); Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Group of Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering (AMB); Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red. Bioingenieria, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Dpt. Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Felices M, Lenvik AJ, McElmurry R, Chu S, Hinderlie P, Bendzick L, Geller MA, Tolar J, Blazar BR, Miller JS. Continuous treatment with IL-15 exhausts human NK cells via a metabolic defect. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96219. [PMID: 29415897 PMCID: PMC5821201 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell-based immunotherapies have been gaining traction in the clinic for treatment of cancer. IL-15 is currently being used in number of clinical trials to improve NK cell expansion and function. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of repetitive IL-15 exposure on NK cells. An in vitro model in which human NK cells are continuously (on on on) or intermittently (on off on) treated with IL-15 was used to explore this question. After treatment, cells were evaluated for proliferation, survival, cell cycle gene expression, function, and metabolic processes. Our data indicate that continuous treatment of NK cells with IL-15 resulted in decreased viability and a cell cycle arrest gene expression pattern. This was associated with diminished signaling, decreased function both in vitro and in vivo, and reduced tumor control. NK cells continuously treated with IL-15 also displayed a reduced mitochondrial respiration profile when compared with NK cells treated intermittently with IL-15. This profile was characterized by a decrease in the spare respiratory capacity that was dependent on fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Limiting the strength of IL-15 signaling via utilization of an mTOR inhibitor rescued NK cell functionality in the group continuously treated with IL-15. The findings presented here show that human NK cells continuously treated with IL-15 undergo a process consistent with exhaustion that is accompanied by a reduction in FAO. These findings should inform IL-15-dosing strategies in NK cell cancer immunotherapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Felices
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
| | - Alexander J. Lenvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
| | | | - Sami Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
| | - Peter Hinderlie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
| | - Laura Bendzick
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa A. Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation
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Zeng J, Tang SY, Toh LL, Wang S. Generation of "Off-the-Shelf" Natural Killer Cells from Peripheral Blood Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1796-1812. [PMID: 29173894 PMCID: PMC5785702 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current donor cell-dependent strategies can only produce limited “made-to-order” therapeutic natural killer (NK) cells for limited patients. To provide unlimited “off-the-shelf” NK cells that serve many recipients, we designed and demonstrated a holistic manufacturing scheme to mass-produce NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Starting with a highly accessible human cell source, peripheral blood cells (PBCs), we derived a good manufacturing practice-compatible iPSC source, PBC-derived iPSCs (PBC-iPSCs) for this purpose. Through our original protocol that excludes CD34+ cell enrichment and spin embryoid body formation, high-purity functional and expandable NK cells were generated from PBC-iPSCs. Above all, most of these NK cells expressed no killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), which renders them unrestricted by recipients' human leukocyte antigen genotypes. Hence, we have established a practical “from blood cell to stem cells and back with less (less KIRs)” strategy to generate abundant “universal” NK cells from PBC-iPSCs for a wide range of patients. A GMP-compatible iPSC source has been generated from peripheral blood cells An industry-friendly protocol has been developed to produce NK cells from iPSCs These iPSC-derived NK cells are high-purity, functional, and KIR negative These iPSC-derived NK cells recognize and kill a wide variety of cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | - Shin Yi Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lai Ling Toh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Role of αβ T Cell Depletion in Prevention of Graft versus Host Disease. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030035. [PMID: 28672883 PMCID: PMC5618293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT). Graft cellular manipulation has been used to mitigate the risk of GVHD. The αβ T cells are considered the primary culprit for causing GVHD therefore depletion of this T cell subset emerged as a promising cellular manipulation strategy to overcome the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barrier of haploidentical (haplo) HCT. This approach is also being investigated in HLA-matched HCT. In several studies, αβ T cell depletion HCT has been performed without pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis, thus unleashing favorable effect of donor’s natural killer cells (NK) and γδ T cells. This article will discuss the evolution of this method in clinical practice and the clinical outcome as described in different clinical trials.
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Moffett A, Chazara O, Colucci F. Maternal allo-recognition of the fetus. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1269-1272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yang G, Gao M, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Gao L, Tao Y, Han Y, Wu H, Meng X, Xu H, Zhan F, Wu X, Shi J. Carfilzomib enhances natural killer cell-mediated lysis of myeloma linked with decreasing expression of HLA class I. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26982-94. [PMID: 26323098 PMCID: PMC4694968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-based treatments are promising therapies for multiple myeloma (MM). Carfilzomib (CFZ), is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, used to treat relapsed and refractory MM. In this study, we determined that CFZ treatment enhanced the sensitivity of MM cells to NK cell-mediated lysis. Here, we report that CFZ decreased the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CFZ also down-regulated the expression of newly formed HLA class I on MM cells. Treatment of MM with CFZ enhanced NK cell degranulation and significantly sensitized patients' MM cells to NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, the enhancement of NK cell-mediated lysis was linked with the decreased expression of HLA class I. Our findings show a novel activity of CFZ as an immunomodulating agent and suggest a possible approach to therapeutically augment NK cell function in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqin Meng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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La Nasa G, Greco M, Littera R, Oppi S, Celeghini I, Caria R, Lai S, Porcella R, Martino M, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Gallamini A, Carcassi C, Caocci G. The favorable role of homozygosity for killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) A haplotype in patients with advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:26. [PMID: 26983546 PMCID: PMC4793496 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interim positron emission tomography after 2 cycles of ABVD (iPET-2) is a good predictor of outcome in advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma. So far, there are no other prognostic biomarkers capable of identifying chemotherapy refractory patients with comparable accuracy. Despite the considerable amount of evidence suggesting that antitumor immune surveillance is downregulated in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), few data exist on the impairment of natural killer cell function and the role of their killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). METHODS We investigated KIR gene frequencies, KIR haplotypes, and KIR-ligand combinations in a cohort of 135 patients with advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma and 221 healthy controls. We furthermore evaluated the correlation of KIR genes and KIR haplotypes with the achievement of negative iPET-2. RESULTS In the cohort of patients, the 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 93.6 and 79%, respectively. Homozygosity for KIR A haplotype and the HLA-C1 KIR ligand (KIR-AA/C1C1) was significantly higher in healthy controls (15.7 vs. 4.8%, p = 0.001). The KIR-AA genotype resulted to have a significant predictive power for achieving iPET-2 negativity (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Homozygosity for KIR A haplotype offers protection against classic Hodgkin lymphoma. The association found for the KIR-AA genotype and achievement of negative iPET-2 suggests that KIR-AA could be used in clinical practice to enhance the chemosensitivity predictive power of iPET-2. Our results point to the possibility of adapting treatment strategies based on the combination of KIR biomarkers and PET scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio La Nasa
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Via Is Guadazzonis, 3, 09126, Cagliari, Italy. .,Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marianna Greco
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Littera
- Regional Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Oppi
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ivana Celeghini
- Hematology Department and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Rossella Caria
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Lai
- Regional Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rita Porcella
- Regional Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Martino
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera BMM, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Policlinico-OVE, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallamini
- Research, Innovation and Statistics Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Via Is Guadazzonis, 3, 09126, Cagliari, Italy.,Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASL 8, Cagliari, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells specialized to eliminate malignant cells via direct cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory cytokine production. As such, NK cells are ideal as cellular therapy for cancer patients, and several studies have provided proof of principle that adoptively transferred NK cells can induce remissions in patients with leukemia. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying NK cell antitumor responses, including target cell recognition, activation status, and negative regulatory signals will improve NK cellular therapy for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and preliminary efficacy of NK cell adoptive transfer, especially in hematologic malignancies. Various NK cell sources, isolation techniques, activation approaches, and ex-vivo expansion strategies are under investigation. New approaches have been developed and are being tested to optimize NK cell therapy, including ways to better target NK cells to malignant cells, increase their functional competence, facilitate expansion in patients, and limit inhibitory signals or cells. SUMMARY NK cells represent a promising cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. In addition to adoptive cellular therapy, adjunct treatments that optimize NK cell targeting and function will enhance their potency and broaden their potential use to many cancer types.
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Follicular lymphoma: in vitro effects of combining lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-induced cytotoxicity and rituximab- and obinutuzumab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Immunol Res 2015; 64:548-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ueda R, Narumi K, Hashimoto H, Miyakawa R, Okusaka T, Aoki K. Interaction of natural killer cells with neutrophils exerts a significant antitumor immunity in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Cancer Med 2015; 5:49-60. [PMID: 26589884 PMCID: PMC4708905 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can induce a strong antitumor immunity by homeostatic proliferation (HP) of T cells and suppression of regulatory T cells following preconditioning‐induced lymphopenia. However, the role of innate immunity including natural killer (NK) cells is still not understood. Here, first, we examined whether NK cells exert an antitumor effect after syngeneic HSCT in a murine colon cancer model. Flow cytometry showed that NK cells as well as T cells rapidly proliferated after HSCT, and the frequency of mature NK cells was increased in tumor during HP. Furthermore, NK cells undergoing HP were highly activated, which contributed to substantial tumor suppression. Then, we found that a large number of neutrophils accumulated in tumor early after syngeneic HSCT. It was recently reported that neutrophil‐derived mediators modulate NK cell effector functions, and so we examined whether the neutrophils infiltrated in tumor are associated with NK cell‐mediated antitumor effect. The depletion of neutrophils significantly impaired an activation of NK cells in tumor and increased the fraction of proliferative NK cells accompanied by a decrease in NK cell survival. The results suggested that neutrophils in tumor prevent NK cells from activation‐induced cell death during HP, thus leading to a significant antitumor effect by NK cells. This study revealed a novel aspect of antitumor immunity induced by HSCT and may contribute to the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer using HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ueda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenta Narumi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Reina Miyakawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Rezvani K, Rouce RH. The Application of Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:578. [PMID: 26635792 PMCID: PMC4648067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate immune system and play a critical role in host immunity against cancer. Recent progress in our understanding of NK cell immunobiology has paved the way for novel NK cell-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the field of NK cell immunotherapy, including augmentation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, manipulation of receptor-mediated activation, and adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo-expanded, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered, or engager-modified NK cells. In contrast to T lymphocytes, donor NK cells do not attack non-hematopoietic tissues, suggesting that an NK-mediated antitumor effect can be achieved in the absence of graft-vs.-host disease. Despite reports of clinical efficacy, a number of factors limit the application of NK cell immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, such as the failure of infused NK cells to expand and persist in vivo. Therefore, efforts to enhance the therapeutic benefit of NK cell-based immunotherapy by developing strategies to manipulate the NK cell product, host factors, and tumor targets are the subject of intense research. In the preclinical setting, genetic engineering of NK cells to express CARs to redirect their antitumor specificity has shown significant promise. Given the short lifespan and potent cytolytic function of mature NK cells, they are attractive candidate effector cells to express CARs for adoptive immunotherapies. Another innovative approach to redirect NK cytotoxicity towards tumor cells is to create either bispecific or trispecific antibodies, thus augmenting cytotoxicity against tumor-associated antigens. These are exciting times for the study of NK cells; with recent advances in the field of NK cell biology and translational research, it is likely that NK cell immunotherapy will move to the forefront of cancer immunotherapy over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Rayne H Rouce
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA ; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital , Houston, TX , USA
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27
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Picardi A, Mengarelli A, Marino M, Gallo E, Benevolo M, Pescarmona E, Cocco R, Fraioli R, Tremante E, Petti MC, De Fabritiis P, Giacomini P. Up-regulation of activating and inhibitory NKG2 receptors in allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell grafts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:98. [PMID: 26361968 PMCID: PMC4567793 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is known to induce the inhibitory immune receptor NKG2A on NK cells of donor origin. This occurs in allogeneic recipients, in both the haploidentical and HLA-matched settings. Methods To gain further insight, not only NKG2A, but also the activating receptors NKG2C and NKG2D were assessed by flow cytometry. Immunophenotyping was carried out not only on CD56+ but also on CD8+ lymphocytes from leukemia and lymphoma patients, receiving both HLA-matched (n = 7) and autologous (n = 5) HSCT grafts. Moreover, cognate NKG2 ligands (HLA-E, MICA, ULBP-1, ULBP-2 and ULBP-3) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in diagnostic biopsies from three autotransplanted patients, and at relapse in one case. Results All the NKG2 receptors were simultaneously up-regulated in all the allotransplanted patients on CD8+ and/or CD56+ cells between 30 and 90 days post-transplant, coinciding with, or following, allogeneic engraftment. Up-regulation was of lesser entity and restricted to CD8+ cells in the autotransplantation setting. The phenotypic expression ratio between activating and inhibitory NKG2 receptors was remarkably similar in all the patients, except two outliers (a long survivor and a short survivor) who surprisingly displayed a similar NKG2 activation immunophenotype. Tumor expression of 2 to 3 out of the 5 tested NKG2 ligands was observed in 3/3 diagnostic biopsies, and 3 ligands were up-regulated post-transplant in a patient. Conclusions Altogether, these results are consistent with a dual (activation-inhibition) NK cell re-education mode, an innate-like T cell re-tuning, and a ligand:receptor interplay between the tumor and the immune system following HSCT including, most interestingly, the up-regulation of several activating NKG2 ligands. Turning the immune receptor balance toward activation on both T and NK cells of donor origin may complement ex vivo NK cell expansion/activation strategies in unmanipulated patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0213-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Picardi
- Hematology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- Hematology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mirella Marino
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cocco
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. .,Present address: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, ASL Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Via Anello 66016, Guardiagrele, CH, Italy.
| | - Rocco Fraioli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Concetta Petti
- Hematology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo De Fabritiis
- Hematology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Thomas LM. Current perspectives on natural killer cell education and tolerance: emerging roles for inhibitory receptors. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:45-53. [PMID: 27471711 PMCID: PMC4918248 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s61498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are regulated through the coordinated functions of activating and inhibitory receptors. These receptors can act during the initial engagement of an NK cell with a target cell, or in subsequent NK cell engagements to maintain tolerance. Notably, each individual possesses a sizable minority-population of NK cells that are devoid of inhibitory receptors that recognize the surrounding MHC class I (ie, self-MHC). Since these NK cells cannot perform conventional inhibition, they are rendered less responsive through the process of NK cell education (also known as licensing) in order to reduce the likelihood of auto-reactivity. This review will delineate current views on NK cell education, clarify various misconceptions about NK cell education, and, lastly, discuss the relevance of NK cell education in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michael Thomas
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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29
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Felices M, Ankarlo DEM, Lenvik TR, Nelson HH, Blazar BR, Verneris MR, Miller JS. Notch signaling at later stages of NK cell development enhances KIR expression and functional maturation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:3344-54. [PMID: 25172483 PMCID: PMC4170052 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a substantial role in human NK cell development. However, the role of Notch on killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) upregulation and acquisition of effector function has not been explored. To evaluate how Notch influences terminal differentiation, cord blood-derived NK cells or sorted peripheral blood NK cells were cultured with IL-15 for 7 d with inhibitory or activating Notch signals. Inhibition of Notch signaling significantly decreased KIR expression, whereas activation enhanced it. Overexpression of activated Notch on cord blood-derived NK cells resulted in a 2-fold increase in KIR expression, indicating that Notch signaling plays a direct, cell-intrinsic role in KIR regulation. Moreover, Notch-mediated KIR expression on NK cells is regulated through cis inhibition by delta-like ligand 1. Notch signaling also enhances CD16 upregulation that precedes KIR expression. Concomitant with the upregulation of KIR and CD16, Notch signaling induces increased cytolytic effector capacity and cytokine secretion, even in posttransplant samples in which NK cell function is inherently defective. Given these attributes of Notch signaling, we propose that Notch agonists may enhance NK cell maturation and tumor killing in a posttransplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Felices
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Dave E M Ankarlo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Todd R Lenvik
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Leong JW, Sullivan RP, Fehniger TA. microRNA management of NK-cell developmental and functional programs. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2862-8. [PMID: 25142111 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that are critical for host defense against infection, and mediate anti-tumor responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small noncoding RNAs that target the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, thereby attenuating protein translation. The expression of miRNAs within human peripheral blood and mouse splenic NK cells has been cataloged, with the majority of the miRNA sequence pool represented in the top 60 most abundantly expressed miRNAs. Global miRNA deficiency within NK cells has confirmed their critical role in NK-cell biology, including defects in NK-cell development and altered functionality. Studies using gain- and loss-of-function of individual miRNAs in NK cells have demonstrated the role of specific miRNAs in regulating NK-cell development, maturation, and activation. miRNAs also regulate fundamental NK-cell processes including cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and proliferation. This review provides an update on the intrinsic miRNA regulation of NK cells, including miRNA expression profiles, as well as their impact on NK-cell biology. Additional profiling is needed to better understand miRNA expression within NK-cell developmental intermediates, subsets, tissues, and in the setting of disease. Furthermore, key open questions in the field as well as technical challenges in the study of miRNAs in NK cells are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Leong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Henrich TJ, Hanhauser E, Marty FM, Sirignano MN, Keating S, Lee TH, Robles YP, Davis BT, Li JZ, Heisey A, Hill AL, Busch MP, Armand P, Soiffer RJ, Altfeld M, Kuritzkes DR. Antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission and viral rebound after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: report of 2 cases. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161:319-27. [PMID: 25047577 PMCID: PMC4236912 DOI: 10.7326/m14-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether the reduction in HIV-1 reservoirs seen after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with susceptible donor cells is sufficient to achieve sustained HIV-1 remission. OBJECTIVE To characterize HIV-1 reservoirs in blood and tissues and perform analytic antiretroviral treatment interruptions to determine the potential for allogeneic HSCT to lead to sustained, antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission. DESIGN Case report with characterization of HIV-1 reservoirs and immunity before and after antiretroviral interruption. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS Two men with HIV with undetectable HIV-1 after allogeneic HSCT for hematologic tumors. MEASUREMENTS Quantification of HIV-1 in various tissues after HSCT and the duration of antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission after treatment interruption. RESULTS No HIV-1 was detected from peripheral blood or rectal mucosa before analytic treatment interruption. Plasma HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA remained undetectable until 12 and 32 weeks after antiretroviral cessation. Both patients experienced rebound viremia within 2 weeks of the most recent negative viral load measurement and developed symptoms consistent with the acute retroviral syndrome. One patient developed new efavirenz resistance after reinitiation of antiretroviral therapy. Reinitiation of active therapy led to viral decay and resolution of symptoms in both patients. LIMITATION The study involved only 2 patients. CONCLUSION Allogeneic HSCT may lead to loss of detectable HIV-1 from blood and gut tissue and variable periods of antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission, but viral rebound can occur despite a minimum 3-log10 reduction in reservoir size. Long-lived tissue reservoirs may have contributed to viral persistence. The definition of the nature and half-life of such reservoirs is essential to achieve durable antiretroviral-free HIV-1 remission. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Foundation for AIDS Research and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Theorell J, Gustavsson AL, Tesi B, Sigmundsson K, Ljunggren HG, Lundbäck T, Bryceson YT. Immunomodulatory activity of commonly used drugs on Fc-receptor-mediated human natural killer cell activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:627-41. [PMID: 24682538 PMCID: PMC11028594 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate defense against neoplastic as well as infected cells. Yet, how their effector functions are affected by the large variety of pharmacological compounds commonly in use has not been investigated systematically. Here, we screened 1,200 in-use or previously approved drugs for their biological effect on freshly isolated human peripheral blood-derived NK cells. Mimicking antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), known to be important in antibody-based immunotherapies against, e.g., human malignancies, the cells were stimulated by Fc-receptor (CD16) engagement. Cellular responses were assessed by flow cytometry. Fifty-six compounds that significantly inhibited and twelve that enhanced one or more of the readouts of adhesion, exocytosis, and chemokine production were identified and confirmed as hits. Among the confirmed inhibitors, 80 % could be assigned to one of seven major pharmacological classes. These classes were β2-adrenergic agonists, prostaglandins, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, Ca(2+)-channel blockers, histamine H1-receptor antagonists, serotonin/dopamine receptor antagonists, and topoisomerase inhibitors that displayed distinct inhibitory patterns on NK cell responses. Among observed enhancers, interestingly, two ergosterol synthesis inhibitors were identified that specifically promoted exocytosis. In summary, these results provide a comprehensive knowledge base of the effect known drugs have on NK cells. More specifically, they provide an overview of drugs that may modulate NK cell-mediated ADCC in the context of clinical immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Theorell
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Tesi
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristmundur Sigmundsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T. Bryceson
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Felices M, Lenvik TR, Ankarlo DE, Foley B, Curtsinger J, Luo X, Blazar BR, Anderson SK, Miller JS. Functional NK cell repertoires are maintained through IL-2Rα and Fas ligand. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:3889-97. [PMID: 24634493 PMCID: PMC3979985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acquisition of a functional NK cell repertoire, known as education or licensing, is a complex process mediated through inhibitory receptors that recognize self. We found that NK cells containing self-killer Ig-like receptors for cognate HLA ligand in vivo were less susceptible to apoptosis. In vitro IL-15 withdrawal showed that uneducated NK cells upregulated Bim and Fas. Conversely, educated NK cells upregulated Fas ligand (FasL) under these conditions. Induction of cell death and Bim expression on uneducated cells correlated with increased IL-2Rα expression. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that higher IL-2Rα limits NK cell survival in a novel manner that is independent from the role of IL-2 in activation-induced cell death. To study the role of FasL in induction of IL-2Rα(hi) NK cell death, a coculture assay with FasL-blocking Abs was used. IL-15 withdrawal led to FasL-dependent killing of IL-2Rα(hi) NK cells by more educated IL-2Rα(lo) NK cells. Finally, CMV reactivation induces a potent long-lasting population of licensed NK cells with enhanced survival. These findings show that education-dependent NK cell survival advantages and killing of uneducated NK cells result in the maintenance of a functional repertoire, which may be manipulated to exploit NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Felices
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Todd R. Lenvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dave E.M. Ankarlo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bree Foley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julie Curtsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen K. Anderson
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Leong JW, Chase JM, Romee R, Schneider SE, Sullivan RP, Cooper MA, Fehniger TA. Preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 induces CD25 and a functional high-affinity IL-2 receptor on human cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:463-73. [PMID: 24434782 PMCID: PMC3959288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes that are under clinical investigation for the adoptive immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia. Recent work in mice has identified innate memory-like properties of NK cells. Human NK cells also exhibit memory-like properties, and cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells are generated via brief preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18, which later exhibit enhanced functionality upon restimulation. However, the optimal cytokine receptors and signals for maintenance of enhanced function and homeostasis after preactivation remain unclear. Here, we show that IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 preactivation induces a rapid and prolonged expression of CD25, resulting in a functional high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2Rαβγ) that confers responsiveness to picomolar concentrations of IL-2. The expression of CD25 correlated with STAT5 phosphorylation in response to picomolar concentrations of IL-2, indicating the presence of a signal-competent IL-2Rαβγ. Furthermore, picomolar concentrations of IL-2 acted synergistically with IL-12 to costimulate IFN-γ production by preactivated NK cells, an effect that was CD25 dependent. Picomolar concentrations of IL-2 also enhanced NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity via the IL-2Rαβγ. Further, after adoptive transfer into immunodeficient NOD-SCID-γc(-/-) mice, human cytokine-preactivated NK cells expand preferentially in response to exogenous IL-2. Collectively, these data demonstrate that human CIML NK cells respond to IL-2 via IL-2Rαβγ with enhanced survival and functionality, and they provide additional rationale for immunotherapeutic strategies that include brief cytokine preactivation before adoptive NK cell transfer, followed by low-dose IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Leong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie M Chase
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan P Sullivan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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NK cell intrinsic regulation of MIP-1α by granzyme M. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1115. [PMID: 24625974 PMCID: PMC3973215 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes are generally recognized for their capacity to induce various pathways of perforin-dependent target cell death. Within this serine protease family, Granzyme M (GrzM) is unique owing to its preferential expression in innate effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells. During Listeria monocytogenes infection, we observed markedly reduced secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) in livers of GrzM-deficient mice, which resulted in significantly impaired NK cell recruitment. Direct stimulation with IL-12 and IL-15 demonstrated that GrzM was required for maximal secretion of active MIP-1α. This effect was not due to reduced protein induction but resulted from heightened intracellular accumulation of MIP-1α, with reduced release. These results demonstrate that GrzM is a critical mediator of innate immunity that can regulate chemotactic networks and has an important role in the initiation of immune responses and pathogen control.
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In vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor during acute SIV infection leads to significant increases in viral load during chronic infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003929. [PMID: 24603870 PMCID: PMC3946395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies reported herein are the first to document the effect of the in vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor for defining the potential role of NK cells during acute SIV infection of a group of 15 rhesus macaques (RM). An additional group of 16 MHC/KIR typed RM was included as controls. The previously optimized in vivo dose regimen (20 mg/kg daily for 35 days) led to a marked depletion of each of the major NK cell subsets both in the blood and gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) during acute infection. While such depletion had no detectable effects on plasma viral loads during acute infection, there was a significant sustained increase in plasma viral loads during chronic infection. While the potential mechanisms that lead to such increased plasma viral loads during chronic infection remain unclear, several correlates were documented. Thus, during acute infection, the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor besides depleting all NK cell subsets also decreased some CD8+ T cells and inhibited the mobilization of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the blood and their localization to the GIT. Of interest is the finding that the administration of the JAK3 inhibitor during acute infection also resulted in the sustained maintenance during chronic infection of a high number of naïve and central memory CD4+ T cells, increases in B cells in the blood, but decreases in the frequencies and function of NKG2a+ NK cells within the GIT and blood, respectively. These data identify a unique role for JAK3 inhibitor sensitive cells, that includes NK cells during acute infection that in concert lead to high viral loads in SIV infected RM during chronic infection without affecting detectable changes in antiviral humoral/cellular responses. Identifying the precise mechanisms by which JAK3 sensitive cells exert their influence is critical with important implications for vaccine design against lentiviruses. In efforts to define the potential role of innate immune effector mechanisms in influencing the course of SIV infection during the acute infection period, our lab utilized the in vivo daily administration of 20 mg/kg orally of a compound called Tofacitinib (a Janus kinase 3 inhibitor) to a group of 15 rhesus macaques starting at day −6 and until day 28 post intravenous SIVmac239 infection. An additional group of 16 similarly SIV infected rhesus macaques served as a placebo control. This drug targets the JAK/STAT pathway that is utilized by cells including the NK cell lineage, a major cell of the innate immune system. The dosage utilized was based on extensive previous PK studies that resulted in a marked depletion of the NK cells. Of interest while such drug administration had no effect on plasma viral loads during acute infection, such drug administration led to significant increases in plasma and gastro-intestinal tissues (GIT) viral loads during chronic infection. A series of phenotypic/functional studies were performed to determine the mechanisms for this delayed effect and the correlates identified. These data are the first to document the effect of JAK-3 inhibitor during acute SIV infection with implications for HIV vaccine design.
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Romee R, Leong JW, Fehniger TA. Utilizing cytokines to function-enable human NK cells for the immunotherapy of cancer. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:205796. [PMID: 25054077 PMCID: PMC4099226 DOI: 10.1155/2014/205796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells important for host defense against pathogens and mediate antitumor immunity. Cytokine receptors transduce important signals that regulate proliferation, survival, activation status, and trigger effector functions. Here, we review the roles of major cytokines that regulate human NK cell development, survival, and function, including IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21, and their translation to the clinic as immunotherapy agents. We highlight a recent development in NK cell biology, the identification of innate NK cell memory, and focus on cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells that result from a brief, combined activation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. This activation results in long lived NK cells that exhibit enhanced functionality when they encounter a secondary stimulation and provides a new approach to enable NK cells for enhanced responsiveness to infection and cancer. An improved understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of cytokine-cytokine receptor signals has led to a resurgence of interest in the clinical use of cytokines that sustain and/or activate NK cell antitumor potential. In the future, such strategies will be combined with negative regulatory signal blockade and enhanced recognition to comprehensively enhance NK cells for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Romee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Leong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- *Todd A. Fehniger:
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38
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Bellora F, Castriconi R, Dondero A, Carrega P, Mantovani A, Ferlazzo G, Moretta A, Bottino C. Human NK cells and NK receptors. Immunol Lett 2013; 161:168-73. [PMID: 24361820 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In early seventies "natural killer (NK) cells", a third lymphocyte subset was discovered that revealed an unexpected ability to kill syngeneic and allogeneic tumor targets, thus emerging as the most potent non-specific cytotoxic cells in both human and mouse. Decades of research revealed the multifaceted nature of these cells. Now we know that NK cells are highly specific cells able to discriminate between self (which is spared) and non-self (which is attacked). Most of the specific and non HLA-specific surface receptors involved in NK cell recognition and function have been identified and, to date, only few of them still remain orphans. We also know that NK cells contribute to both innate and adaptive immune responses, interact with other immune cell types and release type 1 cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, fundamental data are accumulating on NK cell development and migration under both physiological and pathological conditions. The time is arrived to exploit these cells in the cure of cancer patients. While encouraging results emerged in hematological malignances, the road to treat solid tumors using NK cells is still covered by obstacles that hamper their function and that just begin to be unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bellora
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Messina and A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Martino", Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy; Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
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Tanaka J, Morishima Y, Takahashi Y, Yabe T, Oba K, Takahashi S, Taniguchi S, Ogawa H, Onishi Y, Miyamura K, Kanamori H, Aotsuka N, Kato K, Kato S, Atsuta Y, Kanda Y. Effects of KIR ligand incompatibility on clinical outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation without ATG for acute leukemia in complete remission. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e164. [PMID: 24292416 PMCID: PMC3880445 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effect of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility on outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in complete remission after single cord blood transplantation (CBT), we assessed the outcomes of CBT registered in the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT) database. A total of 643 acute leukemia (357 AML and 286 ALL) patient and donor pairs were categorized according to their KIR ligand incompatibility by determining whether or not they expressed HLA-C, Bw4 or A3/A11 by DNA typing. A total of 128 patient–donor pairs were KIR ligand-incompatible in the graft-versus-host (GVH) direction and 139 patient–donor pairs were incompatible in the host-versus-graft (HVG) direction. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no significant differences between the KIR ligand-incompatible and compatible groups in the GVH direction for both AML and ALL patients of overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality and acute GVH disease. However, KIR incompatibility in the HVG direction ameliorated engraftment in ALL patients (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.47–0.91, P=0.013). Therefore, there were no effects of KIR ligand incompatibility in the GVH direction on single CBT outcomes for acute leukemia patients without anti-thymocyte globulin use. However, it is necessary to pay attention to KIR incompatibility in the HVG direction for engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tanaka
- Depatment of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Monitoring immune modulation by nutrition in the general population: identifying and substantiating effects on human health. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 Suppl 2:S1-30. [PMID: 23228631 PMCID: PMC3734536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal functioning of the immune system is crucial to human health, and nutrition is one of the major exogenous factors modulating different aspects of immune function. Currently, no single marker is available to predict the effect of a dietary intervention on different aspects of immune function. To provide further guidance on the assessment and interpretation of the modulation of immune functions due to nutrition in the general population, International Life Sciences Institute Europe commissioned a group of experts from academia, government and the food industry to prepare a guidance document. A draft of this paper was refined at a workshop involving additional experts. First, the expert group defined criteria to evaluate the usefulness of immune function markers. Over seventy-five markers were scored within the context of three distinct immune system functions: defence against pathogens; avoidance or mitigation of allergy; control of low-grade (metabolic) inflammation. The most useful markers were subsequently classified depending on whether they by themselves signify clinical relevance and/or involvement of immune function. Next, five theoretical scenarios were drafted describing potential changes in the values of markers compared with a relevant reference range. Finally, all elements were combined, providing a framework to aid the design and interpretation of studies assessing the effects of nutrition on immune function. This stepwise approach offers a clear rationale for selecting markers for future trials and provides a framework for the interpretation of outcomes. A similar stepwise approach may also be useful to rationalise the selection and interpretation of markers for other physiological processes critical to the maintenance of health and well-being.
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Calvo JR, González-Yanes C, Maldonado MD. The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:103-20. [PMID: 23889107 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to humans and a great functional versatility. In recent years, a considerable amount of experimental evidence has accumulated showing a relationship between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The molecular basis of the communication between these systems is the use of a common chemical language. In this framework, currently melatonin is considered one of the members of the neuroendocrine-immunological network. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies have documented that melatonin plays a fundamental role in neuroimmunomodulation. Based on the information published, it is clear that the majority of the present data in the literature relate to lymphocytes; thus, they have been rather thoroughly investigated, and several reviews have been published related to the mechanisms of action and the effects of melatonin on lymphocytes. However, few studies concerning the effects of melatonin on cells belonging to the innate immunity have been reported. Innate immunity provides the early line of defense against microbes and consists of both cellular and biochemical mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the role of melatonin in the innate immunity. More specifically, we summarize the effects and action mechanisms of melatonin in the different cells that belong to or participate in the innate immunity, such as monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Calvo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.
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IL-15 cis Presentation Is Required for Optimal NK Cell Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Inflammatory Conditions. Cell Rep 2013; 4:1235-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Takahashi Y, Mayne AE, Khowawisetsut L, Pattanapanyasat K, Little D, Villinger F, Ansari AA. In vivo administration of a JAK3 inhibitor to chronically siv infected rhesus macaques leads to NK cell depletion associated with transient modest increase in viral loads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70992. [PMID: 23923040 PMCID: PMC3724739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses are reasoned to play an important role during both acute and chronic SIV infection and play a deterministic role during the acute stages on the rate of infection and disease progression. NK cells are an integral part of the innate immune system but their role in influencing the course of SIV infection has been a subject of debate. As a means to delineate the effect of NK cells on SIV infection, use was made of a Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitor that has previously been shown to be effective in the depletion of NK cells in vivo in nonhuman primates (NHP). Extensive safety and in vitro/in vivo PK studies were conducted and an optimal dose that depletes NK cells and NK cell function in vivo identified. Six chronically SIV infected rhesus macaques, 3 with undetectable/low plasma viral loads and 3 with high plasma viral loads were administered a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg for 35 days. Data obtained showed that, at the dose tested, the major cell lineage affected both in the blood and the GI tissues were the NK cells. Such depletion appeared to be associated with a transient increase in plasma and GI tissue viral loads. Whereas the number of NK cells returned to baseline values in the blood, the GI tissues remained depleted of NK cells for a prolonged period of time. Recent findings show that the JAK3 inhibitor utilized in the studies reported herein has a broader activity than previously reported with dose dependent effects on both JAK2 and JAK1 suggests that it is likely that multiple pathways are affected with the administration of this drug that needs to be taken into account. The findings reported herein are the first studies on the use of a JAK3 inhibitor in lentivirus infected NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Mayne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dawn Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Francois Villinger
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shah NN, Dave H, Wayne AS. Immunotherapy for pediatric leukemia. Front Oncol 2013; 3:166. [PMID: 23847759 PMCID: PMC3696894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in the treatment of leukemia in childhood. Despite this, leukemia remains a leading cause of pediatric cancer-related mortality and the prognosis is guarded for individuals with relapsed or refractory disease. Standard therapies are associated with a wide array of acute and long-term toxicities and further treatment intensification may not be tolerable or beneficial. The curative potential of allogeneic stem cell transplantation is due in part to the graft-versus-leukemia effect, which provides evidence for the therapeutic capacity of immune-based therapies. In recent years there have been significant advances in the development and application of immunotherapy in the treatment of leukemias, including the demonstration of activity in chemotherapy-resistant cases. This review summarizes immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of pediatric leukemia including current results and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali N. Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hema Dave
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan S. Wayne
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Arber C, Brenner MK, Reddy P. Mouse models in bone marrow transplantation and adoptive cellular therapy. Semin Hematol 2013; 50:131-44. [PMID: 24216170 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of transplantation have been indispensable to the development of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Their role in the generation of basic science knowledge is invaluable and is subject to discussion below. However, this article focuses on the direct role and relevance of mouse models towards the clinical development and advances in BMT and adoptive T-cell therapy for human diseases. The authors aim to present a thoughtful perspective on the pros and cons of mouse models while noting that despite imperfections these models are obligatory for the development of science-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arber
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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Frazier WR, Steiner N, Hou L, Dakshanamurthy S, Hurley CK. Allelic variation in KIR2DL3 generates a KIR2DL2-like receptor with increased binding to its HLA-C ligand. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6198-208. [PMID: 23686481 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although extensive homology exists between their extracellular domains, NK cell inhibitory receptors killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DL2*001 and KIR2DL3*001 have previously been shown to differ substantially in their HLA-C binding avidity. To explore the largely uncharacterized impact of allelic diversity, the most common KIR2DL2/3 allelic products in European American and African American populations were evaluated for surface expression and binding affinity to their HLA-C group 1 and 2 ligands. Although no significant differences in the degree of cell membrane localization were detected in a transfected human NKL cell line by flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance and KIR binding to a panel of HLA allotypes demonstrated that KIR2DL3*005 differed significantly from other KIR2DL3 allelic products in its ability to bind HLA-C. The increased affinity and avidity of KIR2DL3*005 for its ligand was also demonstrated to have a larger impact on the inhibition of IFN-γ production by the human KHYG-1 NK cell line compared with KIR2DL3*001, a low-affinity allelic product. Site-directed mutagenesis established that the combination of arginine at residue 11 and glutamic acid at residue 35 in KIR2DL3*005 were critical to the observed phenotype. Although these residues are distal to the KIR/HLA-C interface, molecular modeling suggests that alteration in the interdomain hinge angle of KIR2DL3*005 toward that found in KIR2DL2*001, another strong receptor of the KIR2DL2/3 family, may be the cause of this increased affinity. The regain of inhibitory capacity by KIR2DL3*005 suggests that the rapidly evolving KIR locus may be responding to relatively recent selective pressures placed upon certain human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Frazier
- Department of Oncology, C.W. Bill Young Marrow Donor Recruitment and Research Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Tran TH, Unterrainer C, Fiedler G, Döhler B, Scherer S, Ruhenstroth A, Adamek M, Middleton D, Opelz G. No impact of KIR-ligand mismatch on allograft outcome in HLA-compatible kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1063-1068. [PMID: 23398855 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell function can be modulated by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) which interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on target cells. KIR-ligand mismatching has recently been shown by van Bergen et al. (American Journal of Transplantation 2011; 11(9): 1959-1964) to be a significant risk factor for long-term graft loss in HLA-A, -B and -DR compatible kidney transplants. To verify this potentially important finding, we performed genotyping of 608 deceased-donor kidney graft recipients and their HLA-A, -B and -DR compatible donors for KIR and HLA, using samples and clinical data provided by the Collaborative Transplant Study. Graft survival of KIR-ligand-matched and -mismatched transplants was compared. We found no impact of KIR-ligand mismatching on 10-year graft survival in HLA-A, -B, -DR compatible kidney transplants. Further analysis did not reveal a significant effect of recipient activating/inhibitory KIR or KIR genotypes on graft survival. Our data do not support the concept that KIR-HLA matching might serve as a tool to improve long-term renal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Tran
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Unterrainer
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Fiedler
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Döhler
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Scherer
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ruhenstroth
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Adamek
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Middleton
- Transplant Immunology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Opelz
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Besser MJ, Shoham T, Harari-Steinberg O, Zabari N, Ortenberg R, Yakirevitch A, Nagler A, Loewenthal R, Schachter J, Markel G. Development of allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer therapy in metastatic melanoma patients: in vitro preclinical optimization studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57922. [PMID: 23483943 PMCID: PMC3587427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have long been considered as potential agents for adoptive cell therapy for solid cancer patients. Until today most studies utilized autologous NK cells and yielded disappointing results. Here we analyze various modular strategies to employ allogeneic NK cells for adoptive cell transfer, including donor-recipient HLA-C mismatching, selective activation and induction of melanoma-recognizing lysis receptors, and co-administration of antibodies to elicit antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). We show that NK cell activation and induction of the relevant lysis receptors, as well as co-administration of antibodies yield substantial anti-cancer effects, which are functionally superior to HLA-C mismatching. Combination of the various strategies yielded improved effects. In addition, we developed various clinically-compatible ex vivo expansion protocols that were optimized according to fold expansion, purity and expression of lysis receptors. The main advantages of employing allogeneic NK cells are accessibility, the ability to use a single donor for many patients, combination with various strategies associated with the mechanism of action, e.g. antibodies and specific activation, as well as donor selection according to HLA or CD16 genotypes. This study rationalizes a clinical trial that combines adoptive transfer of highly potent allogeneic NK cells and antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J. Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, GreenOnyx, Israel
| | | | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Naama Zabari
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, GreenOnyx, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, GreenOnyx, Israel
| | - Arkadi Yakirevitch
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ron Loewenthal
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, GreenOnyx, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- * E-mail:
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49
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Rujkijyanont P, Chan WK, Eldridge PW, Lockey T, Holladay M, Rooney B, Davidoff AM, Leung W, Vong Q. Ex vivo activation of CD56(+) immune cells that eradicate neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2608-18. [PMID: 23440424 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the use of intensive contemporary multimodal therapy, the overall survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma is still less than 50%. Therefore, immunotherapy without cross-resistance and overlapping toxicity has been proposed. In this study, we report the development of a novel strategy to specifically activate and expand human CD56(+) (NCAM1) natural killer (NK) immune cells from normal donors and patients with neuroblastoma. Enriched CD56(+) cells from peripheral blood were mixed with CD56(-) fraction at 1:1 ratio and cultured in the presence of OKT3, interleukin (IL)-2, and -15 for five days and then without OKT3 for 16 more days. The final products contained more than 90% CD56(+) cells and could kill neuroblastoma cells effectively that were originally highly resistant to nonprocessed NK cells. Mechanistically, cytolysis of neuroblastoma was mediated through natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR), DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1; CD226), perforin, and granzyme B. Successful clinical scale-up in a good manufacturing practices (GMP)-compliant bioreactor yielded effector cells that in a neuroblastoma xenograft model slowed tumor growth and extended survival without GVHD. Investigation of CD56(+) cells from patients with neuroblastoma revealed a similar postactivation phenotype and lytic activity. Our findings establish a novel and clinically expedient strategy to generate allogeneic or autologous CD56(+) cells that are highly cytotoxic against neuroblastoma with minimal risk of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Rujkijyanont
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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50
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Childs RW, Berg M. Bringing natural killer cells to the clinic: ex vivo manipulation. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:234-46. [PMID: 24319186 PMCID: PMC6610030 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a substantial gain in our understanding of the role that natural killer (NK) cells play in mediating innate host immune responses against viruses and cancer. Although NK cells have long been known to be capable of killing cancer cells independently of antigen recognition, the full therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has yet to be realized. Here we review novel methods to activate and expand human NK cells ex vivo for adoptive transfer in humans, focusing on the important phenotypic and functional differences observed among freshly isolated, cytokine activated, and ex vivo-expanded NK populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Childs
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria Berg
- Section of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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