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Joëls M, Karst H, Tasker JG. The emerging role of rapid corticosteroid actions on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling in the brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 74:101146. [PMID: 39004314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence for the importance of rapid-onset actions of corticosteroid hormones in the brain. Here, we highlight the distinct rapid corticosteroid actions that regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The receptors that mediate rapid corticosteroid actions are located at or close to the plasma membrane, though many of the receptor characteristics remain unresolved. Rapid-onset corticosteroid effects play a role in fast neuroendocrine feedback as well as in higher brain functions, including increased aggression and anxiety, and impaired memory retrieval. The rapid non-genomic corticosteroid actions precede and complement slow-onset, long-lasting transcriptional actions of the steroids. Both rapid and slow corticosteroid actions appear to be indispensable to adapt to a continuously changing environment, and their imbalance can increase an individual's susceptibility to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Joëls
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Karst
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; SILS-CNS. University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeffrey G Tasker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, New Orleans, USA.
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2
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Dong J, Wei X, Huang Z, Tian J, Zhang W. Age-related changes of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors expression in parvalbumin-positive cells of the orbitofrontal and prelimbic cortices of mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1364067. [PMID: 38903598 PMCID: PMC11187244 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1364067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a pivotal role in reward processing, cognitive functions, and emotional regulation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical brain region for these processes. Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons are one of the major classes of inhibitory GABAergic neurons in the cortex, they modulate the activity of neighboring neurons, influencing various brain functions. While DA receptor expression exhibits age-related changes, the age-related changes of these receptors in PV+ neurons, especially in the PFC, remain unclear. To address this, we investigated the expression of DA D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) receptors in PV+ neurons within the orbitofrontal (OFC) and prelimbic (PrL) cortices at different postnatal ages (P28, P42, P56, and P365). We found that the expression of D1R and D2R in PV+ neurons showed both age- and region-related changes. PV+ neurons in the OFC expressed a higher abundance of D1 than those in the PrL, and those neurons in the OFC also showed higher co-expression of D1R and D2R than those in the PrL. In the OFC and PrL, D1R in PV+ neurons increased from P28 and reached a plateau at P42, then receded to express at P365. Meanwhile, D2R did not show significant age-related changes between the two regions except at P56. These results showed dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex exhibit age- and region-specific changes, which may contribute to the difference of these brain regions in reward-related brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Dong
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Javani G, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Aging impairs recovery from stress-induced depression in male rats possibly by alteration of microRNA-101 expression and Rac1/RhoA pathway in the prefrontal cortex. Biogerontology 2023; 24:957-969. [PMID: 37642806 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Along with altering brain responses to stress, aging may also impair recovery from depression symptoms. In the present study, we investigated depressive-like behaviors in young and aged rats and assayed the levels of microRNA-101 (miR-101), Rac1/RhoA, PSD-95, and GluR1 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after stress cessation and after a recovery period. Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male Wistar rats were divided into six groups; Young control (YNG), young rats received chronic stress for four weeks (YNG + CS), young rats received chronic stress for four weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period (YNG + CS + REC), Aged control (AGED), aged rats received chronic stress for four weeks (AGED + CS), and aged rats received chronic stress for four weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period (AGED + CS + REC). Stress-induced depression, evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST), was yet observed after the recovery period in aged but not in young rats, which were accompanied by unchanged levels of miR-101, Rac1/RhoA, GluR1, and PSD-95 in the PFC of aged rats. These data suggested that impaired synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic synapses via the miR-101/Rac1/RhoA pathway may contribute to the delayed behavioral recovery after stress exposure observed in aging animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonja Javani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Department of Biomedical Education, College of Osteopathic Medicine, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.
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Kyung J, Kim D, Shin K, Park D, Hong SC, Kim TM, Choi EK, Kim YB. Repeated Intravenous Administration of Human Neural Stem Cells Producing Choline Acetyltransferase Exerts Anti-Aging Effects in Male F344 Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2711. [PMID: 38067139 PMCID: PMC10706332 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major features of aging might be progressive decreases in cognitive function and physical activity, in addition to withered appearance. Previously, we reported that the intracerebroventricular injection of human neural stem cells (NSCs named F3) encoded the choline acetyltransferase gene (F3.ChAT). The cells secreted acetylcholine and growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs), thereby improving learning and memory function as well as the physical activity of aged animals. In this study, F344 rats (10 months old) were intravenously transplanted with F3 or F3.ChAT NSCs (1 × 106 cells) once a month to the 21st month of age. Their physical activity and cognitive function were investigated, and brain acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic and dopaminergic system markers were analyzed. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of stem cells were also confirmed by analyzing oxidative damages, neuronal skeletal protein, angiogenesis, brain and muscle weights, and proliferating host stem cells. Stem cells markedly improved both cognitive and physical functions, in parallel with the elevation in ACh levels in cerebrospinal fluid and muscles, in which F3.ChAT cells were more effective than F3 parental cells. Stem cell transplantation downregulated CCL11 and recovered GFs and NFs in the brain, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2 as well as functional markers of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, along with neovascularization. Stem cells also restored muscular GFs and NFs, resulting in increased angiogenesis and muscle mass. In addition, stem cells enhanced antioxidative capacity, attenuating oxidative damage to the brain and muscles. The results indicate that NSCs encoding ChAT improve cognitive function and physical activity of aging animals by protecting and recovering functions of multiple organs, including cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as muscles from oxidative injuries through secretion of ACh and GFs/NFs, increased antioxidant elements, and enhanced blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangbeen Kyung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungha Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Myoung Kim
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
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Almudhi A, Gabr SA. Associations between glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, oxidative stress markers, and cognitive capacity in adolescents who stutter. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103580. [PMID: 36844638 PMCID: PMC9943924 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we amid to evaluate the correlation between the change in the expressed levels of anti-GAD antibodies titers, oxidative stress markers, cytokines markers, and cognitive capacity in adolescents with mild stuttering. Eighty participants (60 male/20 female) with the age range of 10-18 years with moderate stutteringparticipated in this study. To assess the stuttering and cognitive function, stutteringseverity instrument (SSI-4; 4th edit.)and the LOTCA-7 scores assessment were applied respectively in all subjects. In addition, serum GAD antibodies, cytokines like TNF-α, CRP,and IL-6 withtotal antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide as oxidative stress markers were estimated using calorimetry and immunoassay techniques.The results showed that good cognitive capacity was reported in about 56.25 % of the study population (n = 45) with a 117.52 ± 6.3 mean LOTCA-7 score. However, abnormal cognitive function was identified in 43.75 % of the study population (n = 35); they were categorized into moderate (score 62-92, n = 35), and poor (score 31-62; n = 10). There were significant associations between cognitive capacity reported and all biomarkers. The expression of GAD antibodies is significantly associated with the degree of cognitive capacity among students with stuttering. Significant association with the reduction (P = 0.01) in LOTCA-7 score domains, particularly orientation, thinking operations, attention, and concentration among students with variable cognitive capacity compared to controls. In addition, the expressed higher GAD antibodies in students with moderate and poor cognitive capacity showed to be significantly correlated with both elevated concentrations of cytokines; TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6, and the reduction of TAC and nitric oxide (NO) respectively. This study concludes that abnormality of cognitive capacity showed to be associated with higher expression of GAD antibodies, cytokines, and oxidative stress in school students with moderate stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almudhi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Speech Language Pathology Unit, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
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Calorie restriction changes the anxiety-like behaviour of ageing male Wistar rats in an onset- and duration-dependent manner. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Benfato ID, Quintanilha ACS, Henrique JS, Souza MA, Rosário BDA, Beserra Filho JIA, Santos RLO, Ribeiro AM, Le Sueur Maluf L, de Oliveira CAM. Effects of long-term social isolation on central, behavioural and metabolic parameters in middle-aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113630. [PMID: 34656691 PMCID: PMC8516156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation gained discussion momentum due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas many studies address the effects of long-term social isolation in post-weaning and adolescence and for periods ranging from 4 to 12 weeks, little is known about the repercussions of adult long-term social isolation in middle age. Thus, our aim was to investigate how long-term social isolation can influence metabolic, behavioural, and central nervous system-related areas in middle-aged mice. Adult male C57Bl/6 mice (4 months-old) were randomly divided into Social (2 cages, n = 5/cage) and Isolated (10 cages, n = 1/cage) housing groups, totalizing 30 weeks of social isolation, which ended concomitantly with the onset of middle age of mice. At the end of the trial, metabolic parameters, short-term memory, anxiety-like behaviour, and physical activity were assessed. Immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus (ΔFosB, BDNF, and 8OHDG) and hypothalamus (ΔFosB) was also performed. The Isolated group showed impaired memory along with a decrease in hippocampal ΔFosB at dentate gyrus and in BDNF at CA3. Food intake was also affected, but the direction depended on how it was measured in the Social group (individually or in the group) with no alteration in ΔFosB at the hypothalamus. Physical activity parameters increased with chronic isolation, but in the light cycle (inactive phase), with some evidence of anxiety-like behaviour. Future studies should better explore the timepoint at which the alterations found begin. In conclusion, long-term social isolation in adult mice contributes to alterations in feeding, physical activity pattern, and anxiety-like behaviour. Moreover, short-term memory deficit was associated with lower levels of hippocampal ΔFosB and BDNF in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | - Jessica Salles Henrique
- Neurology / Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Melyssa Alves Souza
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Barbara Dos Anjos Rosário
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Luciana Le Sueur Maluf
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Torres P, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. New insights into human prefrontal cortex aging with a lipidomics approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:333-344. [PMID: 34098823 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human prefrontal cortex (hPFC) is a recent evolutionarily developed brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive functions decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional deterioration of the neural cells of this brain region still remain to be fully described. AREAS COVERED In this review, we explore the role of lipids in hPFC aging. Firstly, we briefly consider the approaches used to identify lipid species in brain tissue with special attention paid to a lipidomics analysis. Then, as the evolution process has conferred a specific lipid profile on the hPFC, we consider the lipidome of hPFC. In addition, the role of lipids in hPFC aging, and in particular, the cognitive decline associated with aging, is discussed. Finally, nutritional and pharmacological interventions designed to modulate this process are examined. It is suggested that the dysfunction of key cellular processes secondarily to the damage of lipid membrane underlies the cognitive decline of hPFC during aging. EXPERT OPINION Lipidomics methods are and will continue to be key tools in the effort to gain additional insights into the aging of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona; Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (Udl-irblleida), Lleida, Spain
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Badalzadeh R, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Young plasma administration mitigates depression-like behaviours in chronic mild stress-exposed aged rats by attenuating apoptosis in prefrontal cortex. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1621-1630. [PMID: 34018261 DOI: 10.1113/ep089415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Young plasma contains several rejuvenating factors that exert beneficial effects in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases: can repeated transfusion of young plasma improve depressive behaviour in aged rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Following chronic transfusion of young plasma, depressive behaviour was improved in the depression model of aged rats, which was associated with reduced apoptosis process in the prefrontal cortex. ABSTRACT Brain ageing alters brain responses to stress, playing an essential role in the pathophysiology of late-life depression. Moreover, apoptotic activity is up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex in ageing and stress-related mood disorders. Considerable evidence suggests that factors in young blood could reverse age-related dysfunctions in organs, especially in the brain. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of young plasma administration on depressive behaviours in aged rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a focus on the apoptosis process. Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: young control (YC), aged control (AC), aged rats subjected to CUMS (A+CUMS) and aged rats subjected to CUMS and treated with young plasma (A+CUMS+YP). In the A+CUMS and A+CUMS+YP groups, CUMS was used to generate the depression rat model. Moreover, the A+CUMS+YP group received pooled plasma (1 ml, intravenously), collected from young rats, three times per week for 4 weeks. Young plasma administration significantly improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviours, including decreased sucrose consumption ratio, reduced locomotor activity and prolonged immobility time. Importantly, young plasma reduced neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex that was associated with reduced TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the A+CUMS+YP compared with the A+CUMS group. Young plasma can partially improve the neuropathology of late-life depression through the apoptotic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rojic-Becker D, Portero-Tresserra M, Martí-Nicolovius M, Vale-Martínez A, Guillazo-Blanch G. Effects of caloric restriction on monoaminergic neurotransmission, peripheral hormones, and olfactory memory in aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 409:113328. [PMID: 33930470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a reduced ability to identify and discriminate scents, and olfactory dysfunction has been linked to preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that smell-driven behaviors are regulated by hormones like insulin or leptin, and by metabolic parameters like glucose, which in turn may influence monoaminergic neurotransmission in brain areas related to cognition. Several studies have suggested that dietary interventions like caloric restriction (CR) can mitigate the age-induced decline in memory by modifying metabolic parameters and brain monoaminergic levels. The present study explored the effects of CR on age-dependent olfactory memory deficits, as well as their relationship with peripheral leptin, insulin and glucose levels, and brain monoamines. To this end, aged rats (24-months-old) fed on a CR diet or with ad libitum access to food, and adult rats (3-4 months), were trained in an odor discrimination task (ODT). The peripheral plasma levels of insulin, leptin, and glucose, and of monoamines and metabolites/precursors in brain areas related to olfactory learning and memory processes, such as the striatum and frontal cortex (FC), were determined. The data obtained indicated that CR attenuated the age-dependent decline in olfactory sensitivity in old animals fed ad libitum, which was correlated with the performance in ODT retention trial, as well as with leptin plasma levels. CR enhanced dopamine levels in the striatum, while it attenuated the age-related decline in serotonin levels in the striatum and FC. Such findings support a positive effect of CR on age-dependent olfactory sensitivity decline and dysfunctions in brain monoamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divka Rojic-Becker
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Portero-Tresserra
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martí-Nicolovius
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vale-Martínez
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Guillazo-Blanch
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Sable HJ, MacDonnchadh JJ, Lee HW, Butawan M, Simpson RN, Krueger KM, Bloomer RJ. Working memory and hippocampal expression of BDNF, ARC, and P-STAT3 in rats: effects of diet and exercise. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1609-1622. [PMID: 33593241 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1885230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mounting evidence suggests diet and exercise influence learning and memory (LM). We compared a high-fat, high-sucrose Western diet (WD) to a plant-based, amylose/amylopectin blend, lower-fat diet known as the Daniel Fast (DF) in rats with and without regular aerobic exercise on a task of spatial working memory (WM). METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to the WD or DF at 6 weeks of age. Exercised rats (WD-E, DF-E) ran on a treadmill 3 times/week for 30 min while the sedentary rats did not (WD-S, DF-S). Rats adhered to these assignments for 12 weeks, inclusive of ab libitum food intake, after which mild food restriction was implemented to encourage responding during WM testing. For nine months, WM performance was assessed once daily, six days per week, after which hippocampal sections were collected for subsequent analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (ARC), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3, Tyr705). RESULTS DF-E rats exhibited the best DSA performance. Surprisingly, the WD-S group outperformed the WD-E group, but had significantly lower BDNF and ARC relative to the DF-S group, with a similar trend from the WD-E group. P-STAT3 expression was also significantly elevated in the WD-S group compared to both the DF-S and WD-E groups. DISCUSSION These results support previous research demonstrating negative effects of the WD on spatial LM, demonstrate the plant-based DF regimen combined with chronic aerobic exercise produces measurable WM and neuroprotective benefits, and suggest the need to carefully design exercise prescriptions to avoid over-stressing individuals making concurrent dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Harold W Lee
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Butawan
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raven N Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katie M Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Elesawy BH, Raafat BM, Muqbali AA, Abbas AM, Sakr HF. The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin 3, and Rat Behavior in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020242. [PMID: 33671898 PMCID: PMC7918995 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with an increased risk of dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Intermittent fasting (IF) has been proposed to produce neuroprotective effects through the activation of several signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of IF on rat behavior in type 2 diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar Kyoto rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 for each): the ad libitum (Ad) group, the intermittent fasting group (IF), the streptozotocin-induced diabetic 2 group (T2DM) fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 25 mg kg−1, and the diabetic group with intermittent fasting (T2DM+IF). We evaluated the impact of 3 months of IF (16 h of food deprivation daily) on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate in the hippocampus, and rat behavior was assessed by the forced swim test and elevated plus maze. IF for 12 weeks significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of NT3 and BDNF in both control and T2DM rats. Additionally, it increased serotonin, dopamine, and glutamic acid in diabetic rats. Moreover, IF modulated glucose homeostasis parameters, with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in insulin resistance and downregulation of serum corticosterone level. Interestingly, T2DM rats showed a significant increase in anxiety and depression behaviors, which were ameliorated by IF. These findings suggest that IF could produce a potentially protective effect by increasing the levels of BDNF and NT3 in both control and T2DM rats. IF could be considered as an additional therapy for depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem H. Elesawy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bassem M. Raafat
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aya Al Muqbali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Koudh, Muscat PC 123, Oman;
| | - Amr M. Abbas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hussein F. Sakr
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Koudh, Muscat PC 123, Oman;
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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13
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Shi J, Guo H, Liu S, Xue W, Fan F, Li H, Fan H, An H, Wang Z, Tan S, Yang F, Tan Y. Subcortical Brain Volumes Relate to Neurocognition in First-Episode Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression Disorder, and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747386. [PMID: 35145436 PMCID: PMC8821164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore differences and similarities in relationships between subcortical structure volumes and neurocognition among the four subject groups, including first-episode schizophrenia (FES), bipolar disorder (BD), major depression disorder (MDD), and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We presented findings from subcortical volumes and neurocognitive analyses of 244 subjects (109 patients with FES; 63 patients with BD, 30 patients with MDD, and 42 HCs). Using the FreeSurfer software, volumes of 16 selected subcortical structures were automatically segmented and analyzed for relationships with results from seven neurocognitive tests from the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB). RESULTS Larger left lateral ventricle volumes in FES and BD, reduced bilateral hippocampus and amygdala volumes in FES, and lower bilateral amygdala volumes in BD and MDD were presented compared with HCs, and both FES and BD had a lower bilateral amygdala volume than MDD; there were seven cognitive dimension, five cognitive dimension, and two cognitive dimension impairments in FES, BD, and MDD, respectively; significant relationships were found between subcortical volumes and neurocognition in FES and BD but not in MDD and HCs; besides age and years of education, some subcortical volumes can predict neurocognitive performances variance. CONCLUSION The different degrees of subcortical volume lessening may contribute to the differences in cognitive impairment among the three psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- The Psychiatric Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Huimei An
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Momani M, Al-Momani F. Moderate aerobic training modulates cytokines and cortisol profiles in older adults with cognitive abilities. Cytokine 2020; 138:155373. [PMID: 33248912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive expression of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines exerts a negative affect on cognitive functioning and hippocampal structure in older adults. Although the interrelation between cortisol and cytokines was fully elucidated previously, few studies considered how their association with exercise can affect brain structures or play an anti-inflammatory role in preserving cognitive function among older adults. To evaluate both the neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory activities of moderate aerobic exercise in improving cognitive performance among healthy older adults, the serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and cortisol and their correlation with cognitive performance were estimated in all participants. A total of 60 healthy older adults aged 50-85 years were included in this study. The Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) test, colorimetric testing, and ELISA immunoassays were used to measure cognitive abilities; blood sugar; and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cortisol, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, respectively, in older adults before and after 12-week exercise interventions. Exactly 50% of the participants showed moderate cognitive impairment (MCI) (LOTCA scores: 84.8 ± 8.2), and the remaining 50% of the participants (n = 30) were diagnosed as normal healthy subjects (LOTCA scores: 98.7 ± 8.1). There was a significant association between cognitive decline in LOTCA scores of motor praxis, vasomotor organization, thinking operations, and attention and concentration and higher levels of cortisol, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as adiposity markers BMI and WHR, in the MCI group compared to control subjects. However, significant improvements in the same LOTCA score domains in MCI subjects were recorded along with decrements in the levels of cortisol and cytokine CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as improved adiposity markers, following a 12-week moderate exercise program. Cognitive performance correlated positively with cortisol levels and negatively with physical activity, adiposity markers, and cytokine levels. Also, in participants with normal and abnormal cortisol profiles, there was a positive interrelation between cytokine levels and cortisol. Moderate aerobic exercise for 12 weeks showed beneficial effects on cognitive performance in older adults. Our results suggest that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise improves cognitive disorders in older adults via modulating stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This may have been due to significant changes in the levels of cortisol, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, and physical activity may thus be used as non-drug strategy for treating cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Murad Al-Momani
- ORL-HNS Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fidaa Al-Momani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Tapp DN, Zerkle HL, McMurray MS. Extent of food restriction affects probability but not delay-based decision-making. J Exp Anal Behav 2020; 114:179-192. [PMID: 32776567 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rodent studies on decision-making often use food rewards and food-restrict subjects in order to motivate performance. However, food restriction has widespread effects on brain and behavior, which depend on factors including extent of restriction and feeding schedule. These factors are well recognized for their effects on motivation, but may also cause effects on decision-making independent of motivation. We examined how the degree of weight-based food restriction in rats influenced decision-making on the probability and delay discounting tasks. Additionally, we examined how the method of food restriction (consistent amount vs. time constrained feeding schedule) influenced decision-making. Our results showed that the degree of weight-based food restriction significantly altered probability, but not delay discounting, and that these effects were not entirely explainable by differences in motivation. Additionally, the method of food restriction did not significantly influence discounting when animals were within the same range of weight-based restriction. Together, our findings suggest that the degree of food restriction may modulate the neural circuitry responsible for selective aspects of decision-making related to probability. Further, these data support the need for tight control and reporting of weight and feeding in studies relying on food restriction, and suggest that the effects of food restriction may be broader than previously considered.
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16
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Rojic-Becker D, Portero-Tresserra M, Martí-Nicolovius M, Vale-Martínez A, Guillazo-Blanch G. Caloric restriction modulates the monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the hippocampus, and attenuates age-dependent spatial memory decline. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 166:107107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Pamplona R, Borras C, Jové M, Pradas I, Ferrer I, Viña J. Redox lipidomics to better understand brain aging and function. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:310-321. [PMID: 30898667 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a recently evolutionary emerged brain region involved in cognitive functions. Human cognitive abilities decline during aging. Yet the molecular mechanisms that sustain the preservation or deterioration of neurons and PFC functions are unknown. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in human PFC aging. As the evolution of brain lipid concentrations is particularly accelerated in the human PFC, conferring a specific lipid profile, a brief approach to the lipidome of PFC was consider along with the relationship between lipids and lipoxidative damage, and the role of lipids in human PFC aging. In addition, the specific targets of lipoxidative damage in human PFC, the affected biological processes, and their potential role in the cognitive decline associated with aging are discussed. Finally, interventions designed to modify this process are considered. We propose that the dysfunction of key biological processes due to selective protein lipoxidation damage may have a role the cognitive decline of PFC during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Spain
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Lima Giacobbo B, Doorduin J, Klein HC, Dierckx RAJO, Bromberg E, de Vries EFJ. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3295-3312. [PMID: 30117106 PMCID: PMC6476855 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the healthy and diseased brain. As a result, there is a large body of evidence that associates BDNF with neuronal maintenance, neuronal survival, plasticity, and neurotransmitter regulation. Patients with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders often have reduced BDNF concentrations in their blood and brain. A current hypothesis suggests that these abnormal BDNF levels might be due to the chronic inflammatory state of the brain in certain disorders, as neuroinflammation is known to affect several BDNF-related signaling pathways. Activation of glia cells can induce an increase in the levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which can lead to the modulation of neuronal function and neurotoxicity observed in several brain pathologies. Understanding how neuroinflammation is involved in disorders of the brain, especially in the disease onset and progression, can be crucial for the development of new strategies of treatment. Despite the increasing evidence for the involvement of BDNF and neuroinflammation in brain disorders, there is scarce evidence that addresses the interaction between the neurotrophin and neuroinflammation in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the effect of acute and chronic inflammation on BDNF levels in the most common psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and aims to shed some light on the possible biological mechanisms that may influence this effect. In addition, this review will address the effect of behavior and pharmacological interventions on BDNF levels in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga Av. 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 31.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 31.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Klein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 31.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 31.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Bromberg
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga Av. 6681, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 31.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Dobashi S, Aiba C, Ando D, Kiuchi M, Yamakita M, Koyama K. Caloric restriction suppresses exercise-induced hippocampal BDNF expression in young male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.7.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Dobashi
- Integrated Graduate School Department of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Chinatsu Aiba
- Graduate School Department of Education, University of Yamanashi
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Education, University of Yamanashi
| | - Mitsuya Yamakita
- Health Sciences Section, Center for Human and Social Sciences, Kitasato University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Aging: Testing the Accelerated Aging Hypothesis of Schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:36. [PMID: 28534294 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a syndrome of accelerated aging. Brain plasticity is vulnerable to the normal aging process and affected in schizophrenia: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neuroplasticity molecule. The present review explores the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia by comparing changes in BDNF expression in schizophrenia with aging-associated changes. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show patterns of increased overall mortality, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive decline normally observed later in life in the healthy population. An overall decrease is observed in BDNF expression in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and in older individuals compared to a younger cohort. There is a marked decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal regions and in the periphery among older individuals and those with schizophrenia; however, data for BDNF expression in the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices and the hippocampus is inconclusive. Accelerated aging hypothesis is supported based on frontal regions and peripheral studies; however, further studies are needed in other brain regions.
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21
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Bastani A, Rajabi S, Kianimarkani F. The Effects of Fasting During Ramadan on the Concentration of Serotonin, Dopamine, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor. Neurol Int 2017; 9:7043. [PMID: 28713531 PMCID: PMC5505095 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2017.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and functions of neurons. It is believed that caloric restriction could help the health of the nervous system by affecting the synthesis of neurotrophins and neurotransmitter and oxygen radical metabolism. The objective was to investigate the plasma levels of serotonin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) in 29 healthy fasted subjects (22 women and 7 men) during the month of fasting in Ramadan. The levels of these factors were measured (using ELISA method) three times, 2 days before the fasting month as a control, on the 14th and 29th day of Ramadan as test groups. In addition, these factors were investigated in the group of women only. According to our investigation, the plasma levels of serotonin, BDNF and NGF were significantly increased during fasting month of Ramadan. In detail, the levels of these factors were increased in 14th and 29th day test groups compared to controls (P<0.05). Moreover, these levels were significantly increased on the 29th day compared to the 14th day test groups, but there were no differences between dopamine levels in all groups. Furthermore, the results obtained in women's groups were the same as those obtained in previous groups. Our findings suggest that plasma levels of serotonin, BDNF and NGF were significantly increased during fasting month of Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhossein Bastani
- Biochemistry Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Biochemistry Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kianimarkani
- Biochemistry Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pereira PA, Millner T, Vilela M, Sousa S, Cardoso A, Madeira MD. Nerve growth factor-induced plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex interneurons of aged Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2016; 85:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Piracetam Facilitates the Anti-Amnesic but not Anti-Diabetic Activity of Metformin in Experimentally Induced Type-2 Diabetic Encephalopathic Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:791-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Caloric restriction in young rats disturbs hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:214-224. [PMID: 27432519 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that caloric restriction (CR) has benefits on several organic systems, including the central nervous system. However, the majority of the CR studies was performed in adult animals and the information about the consequences on young populations is limited. In this study, we analyzed the effects of young-onset CR, started at 4weeks of age, in the number of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons and in neurogenesis of the hippocampal formation, using doublecortin (DCX) and Ki67 as markers. Knowing that CR treatment could interfere with exploratory activity, anxiety, learning and memory we have analyzed the performance of the rats in the open-field, elevated plus-maze and Morris water maze tests. Animals aged 4weeks were randomly assigned to control or CR groups. Controls were maintained in the ad libitum regimen during 2months. The adolescent CR rats were fed, during 2months, with 60% of the amount of food consumed by controls. We have found that young-onset CR treatment did not affect the total number of NPY-immunopositive neurons in dentate hilus, CA3 and CA1 hippocampal subfields and did not change the exploratory activity and anxiety levels. Interestingly, we have found that young-onset CR might affect spatial learning process since those animals showed worse performance during the acquisition phase of Morris water maze. Furthermore, young-onset CR induced alterations of neurogenesis in the dentate subgranular layer that seems to underlie the impairment of spatial learning. Our data suggest that adolescent animals are vulnerable to CR treatment and that this diet is not suitable to be applied in this age phase.
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Hullinger R, Puglielli L. Molecular and cellular aspects of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:191-205. [PMID: 27163751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As the population of people aged 60 or older continues to rise, it has become increasingly important to understand the molecular basis underlying age-related cognitive decline. In fact, a better understanding of aging biology will help us identify ways to maintain high levels of cognitive functioning throughout the aging process. Many cellular and molecular aspects of brain aging are shared with other organ systems; however, certain age-related changes are unique to the nervous system due to its structural, cellular and molecular complexity. Importantly, the brain appears to show differential changes throughout the aging process, with certain regions (e.g. frontal and temporal regions) being more vulnerable than others (e.g. brain stem). Within the medial temporal lobe, the hippocampus is especially susceptible to age-related changes. The important role of the hippocampus in age-related cognitive decline and in vulnerability to disease processes such as Alzheimer's disease has prompted this review, which will focus on the complexity of changes that characterize aging, and on the molecular connections that exist between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, it will discuss behavioral interventions and emerging insights for promoting healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Hullinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Age-related changes in the antidepressant-like effect of desipramine and fluoxetine in the rat forced-swim test. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:22-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Naik AA, Patro IK, Patro N. Slow Physical Growth, Delayed Reflex Ontogeny, and Permanent Behavioral as Well as Cognitive Impairments in Rats Following Intra-generational Protein Malnutrition. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:446. [PMID: 26696810 PMCID: PMC4672086 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors including protein malnutrition (PMN) during pre-, neo- and post-natal age have been documented to affect cognitive development and cause increased susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Most studies have addressed either of the three windows and that does not emulate the clinical conditions of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Such data fail to provide a complete picture of the behavioral alterations in the F1 generation. The present study thus addresses the larger window from gestation to F1 generation, a new model of intra-generational PMN. Naive Sprague Dawley (SD) dams pre-gestationally switched to LP (8% protein) or HP (20% protein) diets for 45 days were bred and maintained throughout gestation on same diets. Pups born (HP/LP dams) were maintained on the respective diets post-weaningly. The present study aimed to show the sex specific differences in the neurobehavioral evolution and behavioral phenotype of the HP/LP F1 generation pups. A battery of neurodevelopmental reflex tests, behavioral (Open field and forelimb gripstrength test), and cognitive [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM)] assays were performed. A decelerated growth curve with significantly restricted body and brain weight, delays in apparition of neuro-reflexes and poor performance in the LP group rats was recorded. Intra-generational PMN induced poor habituation-with-time in novel environment exploration, low anxiety and hyperactive like profile in open field test in young and adult rats. The study revealed poor forelimb neuromuscular strength in LP F1 pups till adulthood. Group occupancy plots in MWM test revealed hyperactivity with poor learning, impaired memory retention and integration, thus modeling the signs of early onset Alzehemier phenotype. In addition, a gender specific effect of LP diet with severity in males and favoring female sex was also noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz A Naik
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India ; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan K Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India ; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Li B, Cui R. The Effects of Calorie Restriction in Depression and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:536-42. [PMID: 26412073 PMCID: PMC4790398 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150326003852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is a neuropsychiatric disorder jeopardizing an increasing number of the population worldwide. To date, a large number of studies have devoted great attention to this problematic condition and raised several hypotheses of depression. Based on these theories, many antidepressant drugs were developed for the treatment of depression. Yet, the depressed patients are often refractory to the antidepressant therapies. Recently, increasing experimental evidences demonstrated the effects of calorie restriction in neuroendocrine system and in depression. Both basic and clinical investigations indicated that short-term calorie restriction might induce an antidepressant efficacy in depression, providing a novel avenue for treatment. Molecular basis underlying the antidepressant actions of calorie restriction might involve multiple physiological processes, primarily including orexin signaling activation, increased CREB phosphorylation and neurotrophic effects, release of endorphin and ketone production. However, the effects of chronic calorie restriction were quite controversial, in the cases that it often resulted in the long-term detrimental effects via inhibiting the function of 5-HT system and decreasing leptin levels. Here we review such dual effects of calorie restriction in depression and potential molecular basis behind these effects, especially focusing on antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin
University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin
University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, PR China
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Cardoso A, Silva D, Magano S, Pereira PA, Andrade JP. Old-onset caloric restriction effects on neuropeptide Y- and somatostatin-containing neurons and on cholinergic varicosities in the rat hippocampal formation. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9737. [PMID: 25471895 PMCID: PMC4259091 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction is able to delay age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. In this study, we analyzed the effects of old-onset caloric restriction that started at 18 months of age, in the number of neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and somatostatin (SS)-containing neurons of the hippocampal formation. Knowing that these neuropeptidergic systems seem to be dependent of the cholinergic system, we also analyzed the number of cholinergic varicosities. Animals with 6 months of age (adult controls) and with 18 months of age were used. The animals aged 18 months were randomly assigned to controls or to caloric-restricted groups. Adult and old control rats were maintained in the ad libitum regimen during 6 months. Caloric-restricted rats were fed, during 6 months, with 60 % of the amount of food consumed by controls. We found that aging induced a reduction of the total number of NPY- and SS-positive neurons in the hippocampal formation accompanied by a decrease of the cholinergic varicosities. Conversely, the 24-month-old-onset caloric-restricted animals maintained the number of those peptidergic neurons and the density of the cholinergic varicosities similar to the 12-month control rats. These results suggest that the aging-associated reduction of these neuropeptide-expressing neurons is not due to neuronal loss and may be dependent of the cholinergic system. More importantly, caloric restriction has beneficial effects in the NPY- and SS-expressing neurons and in the cholinergic system, even when applied in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cardoso
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal,
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30
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Metabolomics of Human Brain Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:640-57. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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31
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Collinson SL, Fang SH, Lim ML, Feng L, Ng TP. Normative Data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in Elderly Chinese. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:442-55. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Additive antidepressant-like effects of fasting with imipramine via modulation of 5-HT2 receptors in the mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:199-206. [PMID: 24036107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies show that intermittent fasting and caloric restriction may improve symptoms of depression. However, there is little scientific evidence regarding the literature on the antidepressant-like effects of acute fasting. The present study aims to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and its influence on brain levels of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its phosphorylated form (p-CREB) in different time periods of fasting mice. Furthermore, the additive antidepressant-like effects of fasting with imipramine and the possible involvement of the 5-HT2 receptors were examined. In the present study 9h, but not 3h and 18h of fasting significantly reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) without alteration in locomotor activity in the open field test. 9h fasting also enhanced the ratio of p-CREB/CREB in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Co-administration of 9h of fasting and imipramine (30mg/kg, i.p) produced the additive antidepressant-like effects in the FST and increased the ratio of p-CREB/CREB. Meanwhile, the additive effects were partially reversed by treatment with a 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist, (±)-1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI) (5mg/kg, s.c). Furthermore, the antidepressant-like effects of 9h fasting was also blocked by DOI compared to the non-fasting control group. Serum corticosterone level, but not 5-HT and noradrenaline, was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner following different time periods of fasting. Taken together, these results suggest that acute fasting produces antidepressant-like effects via enhancement of the p-CREB/CREB ratio, and additive antidepressant-like effects of fasting with imipramine may be related to modulating 5-HT2 receptors.
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33
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Perovic M, Tesic V, Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Smiljanic K, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N, Ruzdijic S, Kanazir S. BDNF transcripts, proBDNF and proNGF, in the cortex and hippocampus throughout the life span of the rat. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2057-2070. [PMID: 23255148 PMCID: PMC3824987 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are established molecular mediators of neuronal plasticity in the adult brain. We analyzed the impact of aging on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) protein isoforms, their receptors, and on the expression patterns of multiple 5' exon-specific BDNF transcripts in the rat cortex and hippocampus throughout the life span of the rat (6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age). ProNGF was increased during aging in both structures. Mature NGF gradually decreased in the cortex, and, in 24-month-old animals, it was 30% lower than that in adult 6-month-old rats. The BDNF expression did not change during aging, while proBDNF accumulated in the hippocampus of aged rats. Hippocampal total BDNF mRNA was lower in 12-month-old animals, mostly as a result of a decrease of BDNF transcripts 1 and 2. In contrast to the region-specific regulation of specific exon-containing BDNF mRNAs in adult animals, the same BDNF RNA isoforms (containing exons III, IV, or VI) were present in both brain structures of aged animals. Deficits in neurotrophin signaling were supported by the observed decrease in Trk receptor expression which was accompanied by lower levels of the two main downstream effector kinases, pAkt and protein kinase C. The proteolytic processing of p75NTR observed in 12-month-old rats points to an additional regulatory mechanism in early aging. The changes described herein could contribute to reduced brain plasticity underlying the age-dependent decline in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Perovic
- />Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tesic
- />Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Kosara Smiljanic
- />Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sabera Ruzdijic
- />Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- />Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
- />Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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34
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Mora F. Successful brain aging: plasticity, environmental enrichment, and lifestyle. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013. [PMID: 23576888 PMCID: PMC3622468 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2013.15.1/fmora] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that can develop without the appearance of concurrent diseases. However, very frequently, older people suffer from memory loss and an accelerated cognitive decline. Studies of the neurobiology of aging are beginning to decipher the mechanisms underlying not only the physiology of aging of the brain but also the mechanisms that make people more vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Today we know that the aging brain retains a considerable functional plasticity, and that this plasticity is positively promoted by genes activated by different lifestyle factors. In this article some of these lifestyle factors and their mechanisms of action are reviewed, including environmental enrichment and the importance of food intake and some nutrients. Aerobic physical exercise and reduction of chronic stress are also briefly reviewed. It is proposed that lifestyle factors are powerful instruments to promote healthy and successful aging of the brain and delay the appearance of age-related cognitive deficits in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mora
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Rutten BPF, Hammels C, Geschwind N, Menne-Lothmann C, Pishva E, Schruers K, van den Hove D, Kenis G, van Os J, Wichers M. Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128:3-20. [PMID: 23488807 PMCID: PMC3746114 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on psychological and biological findings on resilience (i.e. the successful adaptation and swift recovery after experiencing life adversities) at the level of the individual, and to integrate findings from animal and human studies. METHOD Electronic and manual literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO, using a range of search terms around biological and psychological factors influencing resilience as observed in human and experimental animal studies, complemented by review articles and cross-references. RESULTS The term resilience is used in the literature for different phenomena ranging from prevention of mental health disturbance to successful adaptation and swift recovery after experiencing life adversities, and may also include post-traumatic psychological growth. Secure attachment, experiencing positive emotions and having a purpose in life are three important psychological building blocks of resilience. Overlap between psychological and biological findings on resilience in the literature is most apparent for the topic of stress sensitivity, although recent results suggest a crucial role for reward experience in resilience. CONCLUSION Improving the understanding of the links between genetic endowment, environmental impact and gene-environment interactions with developmental psychology and biology is crucial for elucidating the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - C Hammels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands,Research Group on Health Psychology, CLEP, Department of Psychology, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - C Menne-Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Pishva
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - K Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands,Center for Learning and Experimental Psychology, Catholic University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - D van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - G Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands,King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - M Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, the Netherlands
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36
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Rothman SM, Mattson MP. Activity-dependent, stress-responsive BDNF signaling and the quest for optimal brain health and resilience throughout the lifespan. Neuroscience 2013; 239:228-40. [PMID: 23079624 PMCID: PMC3629379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During development of the nervous system, the formation of connections (synapses) between neurons is dependent upon electrical activity in those neurons, and neurotrophic factors produced by target cells play a pivotal role in such activity-dependent sculpting of the neural networks. A similar interplay between neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor signaling pathways mediates adaptive responses of neural networks to environmental demands in adult mammals, with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) being particularly prominent regulators of synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system. Optimal brain health throughout the lifespan is promoted by intermittent challenges such as exercise, cognitive stimulation and dietary energy restriction, that subject neurons to activity-related metabolic stress. At the molecular level, such challenges to neurons result in the production of proteins involved in neurogenesis, learning and memory and neuronal survival; examples include proteins that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, protein quality control, and resistance of cells to oxidative, metabolic and proteotoxic stress. BDNF signaling mediates up-regulation of several such proteins including the protein chaperone GRP-78, antioxidant enzymes, the cell survival protein Bcl-2, and the DNA repair enzyme APE1. Insufficient exposure to such challenges, genetic factors may conspire to impair BDNF production and/or signaling resulting in the vulnerability of the brain to injury and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Further, BDNF signaling is negatively regulated by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids impair synaptic plasticity in the brain by negatively regulating spine density, neurogenesis and long-term potentiation, effects that are potentially linked to glucocorticoid regulation of BDNF. Findings suggest that BDNF signaling in specific brain regions mediates some of the beneficial effects of exercise and energy restriction on peripheral energy metabolism and the cardiovascular system. Collectively, the findings described in this article suggest the possibility of developing prescriptions for optimal brain health based on activity-dependent BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rothman
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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37
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Lighthall NR, Gorlick MA, Schoeke A, Frank MJ, Mather M. Stress modulates reinforcement learning in younger and older adults. Psychol Aging 2012; 28:35-46. [PMID: 22946523 DOI: 10.1037/a0029823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animal research and human neuroimaging studies indicate that stress increases dopamine levels in brain regions involved in reward processing, and stress also appears to increase the attractiveness of addictive drugs. The current study tested the hypothesis that stress increases reward salience, leading to more effective learning about positive than negative outcomes in a probabilistic selection task. Changes to dopamine pathways with age raise the question of whether stress effects on incentive-based learning differ by age. Thus, the present study also examined whether effects of stress on reinforcement learning differed for younger (age 18-34) and older participants (age 65-85). Cold pressor stress was administered to half of the participants in each age group, and salivary cortisol levels were used to confirm biophysiological response to cold stress. After the manipulation, participants completed a probabilistic learning task involving positive and negative feedback. In both younger and older adults, stress enhanced learning about cues that predicted positive outcomes. In addition, during the initial learning phase, stress diminished sensitivity to recent feedback across age groups. These results indicate that stress affects reinforcement learning in both younger and older adults and suggests that stress exerts different effects on specific components of reinforcement learning depending on their neural underpinnings.
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38
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Prefrontal dopamine release and sensory-specific satiety altered in rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Alamy M, Bengelloun WA. Malnutrition and brain development: an analysis of the effects of inadequate diet during different stages of life in rat. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1463-80. [PMID: 22487135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition or undernutrition can result in abnormal development of the brain. Depending on type, age at onset and duration, different structural and functional deficits can be observed. In the present review, we discuss the neuroanatomical, behavioral, neurochemical and oxidative status changes associated with protein malnutrition or undernutrition at different ages during prenatal and immediately postnatal periods as well as in adult rat. Analysis of all data suggests that protein malnutrition as well as undernutrition induced impaired learning and retention when imposed during the immediately postnatal period and in adulthood, whereas hyperactivity including increased impulsiveness and greater reactivity to aversive stimuli occurred when malnutrition or undernutrition was imposed either pre or postnatally. This general state of hyperreactivity may be linked essentially to an alteration in dopaminergic system. Hence, the present review shows that in spite of the attention devoted in the literature to prenatal effects, cognitive deficits are more serious following malnutrition or undernutrition after birth. We thus clearly establish a special vulnerability to malnutrition after weaning in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Alamy
- Faculty of Science, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat, Morocco
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40
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Graybeal C, Kiselycznyk C, Holmes A. Stress-induced impairments in prefrontal-mediated behaviors and the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Neuroscience 2012; 211:28-38. [PMID: 22414923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates higher-order cognitive and executive functions that subserve various complex, adaptable behaviors, such as cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory. Deficits in these functions typify multiple neuropsychiatric disorders that are caused or exacerbated by exposure to psychological stress. Here we review recent evidence examining the effects of stress on executive and cognitive functions in rodents and discuss an emerging body of evidence that implicates the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) as a potentially critical molecular mechanism mediating these effects. Future work in this area could open up new avenues for developing pharmacotherapies for ameliorating cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Graybeal
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA.
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41
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in male rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:133-41. [PMID: 22280920 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder observed in children and adults characterized by an accumulation of liver fat (>5% wet weight) in the absence of excessive alcohol intake. NAFLD affects 10 to 30% of the American population and is the most common cause of liver disease in the United States. NAFLD leads to serious disturbances in cardiovascular and hormonal function; however, possible effects on brain function have been overlooked. The aims of the present study were to test whether diet-induced NAFLD impairs hippocampal-dependent memory and to determine whether any observed deficits are associated with changes in hippocampal insulin signaling or concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Post-weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fructose (60% of calories) or control diet for 12 weeks and then trained and tested in a spatial water maze. NAFLD was confirmed with postmortem measures of liver mass and liver lipid concentrations. NAFLD did not affect acquisition of the spatial water maze, but did impair retention tested 48 h later. Specifically, both groups demonstrated similar decreases in latency to swim to the escape platform over training trials, but on the memory test NAFLD rats took longer to reach the platform and made fewer visits to the platform location than control diet rats. There were no differences between the groups in terms of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β subunit (IR-β) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) in hippocampal slices or hippocampal BDNF or IGF-1 concentrations. Thus, these data indicate that NAFLD impairs hippocampal-dependent memory function and that the deficit does not appear attributable to alterations in hippocampal insulin signaling or hippocampal BDNF or IGF-1 concentrations.
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