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Li Q, Bai J, Ma Y, Sun Y, Zhou W, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Abliz Z. Pharmacometabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging approach to reveal the neurochemical mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100973. [PMID: 39175609 PMCID: PMC11340588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia, commonly known as Yuanzhi (YZ) in Chinese, has been shown to possess anti-insomnia properties. However, the material basis and the mechanism underlying its sedative-hypnotic effects remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the active components and neurochemical mechanism of YZ extracts using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based pharmacometabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)-based spatial resolved metabolomics. According to the results, 17 prototypes out of 101 ingredients in the YZ extract were detected in both the plasma and brain, which might be the major components contributing to the sedative-hypnotic effects. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that these prototypes may exert their effects through neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse, and dopaminergic synapse, among other pathways. LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics and Western blot (WB) revealed that tryptophan-serotonin-melatonin (Trp-5-HT-Mel) and tyrosine-norepinephrine-adrenaline (Tyr-Ne-Ad) are the key regulated pathways. Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) upregulation and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) downregulation further confirmed these pathways. Furthermore, MSI-based spatially resolved metabolomics revealed notable alterations in 5-HT in the pineal gland (PG), and Ad in the brainstem, including the middle brain (MB), pons (PN), and hypothalamus (HY). In summary, this study illustrates the efficacy of an integrated multidimensional metabolomics approach in unraveling the sedative-hypnotic effects and neurochemical mechanisms of a Chinese herbal medicine, YZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuxue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (National Ethnic Affairs Commission), Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Hsieh JC, Yao M, Baird B, Wang H. Protocol to fabricate a self-adhesive and long-term stable hydrogel for sleep EEG recording. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103097. [PMID: 38848219 PMCID: PMC11192847 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is crucial for neuroengineering but suffers from hardware limitations. Here, we present a protocol for EEG recording using a long-term stable and reagent-free-cross-linked hydrogel with configurable mechanical and adhesive properties. We describe steps for fabricating the hydrogel and performing material characterizations and stability tests. We detail procedures for setting up the EEG recording configuration and data analysis. This protocol can facilitate EEG recording experiments with the hydrogel, as well as other novel materials and devices. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hsieh et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin Baird
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Peña-Casanova J, Sánchez-Benavides G, Sigg-Alonso J. Updating functional brain units: Insights far beyond Luria. Cortex 2024; 174:19-69. [PMID: 38492440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. To meet this objective, several issues were reviewed: the theory of functional systems and the contributions of phylogenesis and embryogenesis to the brain's functional organization. This review revealed several facts. In the first place, the relationship/integration of basic homeostatic needs with complex forms of behavior. Secondly, the multi-scale hierarchical and distributed organization of the brain and interactions between cells and systems. Thirdly, the phylogenetic role of exaptation, especially in basal ganglia and cerebellum expansion. Finally, the tripartite embryogenetic organization of the brain: rhinic, limbic/paralimbic, and supralimbic zones. Obviously, these principles of brain organization are in contradiction with attempts to establish separate functional brain units. The proposed new model is made up of two large integrated complexes: a primordial-limbic complex (Luria's Unit I) and a telencephalic-cortical complex (Luria's Units II and III). As a result, five functional units were delineated: Unit I. Primordial or preferential (brainstem), for life-support, behavioral modulation, and waking regulation; Unit II. Limbic and paralimbic systems, for emotions and hedonic evaluation (danger and relevance detection and contribution to reward/motivational processing) and the creation of cognitive maps (contextual memory, navigation, and generativity [imagination]); Unit III. Telencephalic-cortical, for sensorimotor and cognitive processing (gnosis, praxis, language, calculation, etc.), semantic and episodic (contextual) memory processing, and multimodal conscious agency; Unit IV. Basal ganglia systems, for behavior selection and reinforcement (reward-oriented behavior); Unit V. Cerebellar systems, for the prediction/anticipation (orthometric supervision) of the outcome of an action. The proposed brain units are nothing more than abstractions within the brain's simultaneous and distributed physiological processes. As function transcends anatomy, the model necessarily involves transition and overlap between structures. Beyond the classic approaches, this review includes information on recent systemic perspectives on functional brain organization. The limitations of this review are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Peña-Casanova
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Test Barcelona Services, Teià, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Sigg-Alonso
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Queretaro, Mexico
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Ojha P, Panda S. Resting-state Quantitative EEG Spectral Patterns in Migraine During Ictal Phase Reveal Deviant Brain Oscillations: Potential Role of Density Spectral Array. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:362-370. [PMID: 36474355 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221142951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. Migraine headache may have a substantial bearing on the brain functions and rhythms. Electrophysiological methods can detect changes in brain oscillation. The present work examined the frequency band power through quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and density spectral array (DSA) to elucidate the resting state neuronal oscillations in migraine. Methods. Clinical details were inquired, and EEG was recorded in migraineurs and healthy controls. The acquired data were analyzed to determine power spectral density values and obtain DSA graphs. The absolute and relative powers for the alpha, theta, and delta frequencies in frontocentral, parieto-occipital, and temporal regions were determined. A correlation of significant EEG findings with clinical features of migraine was sought. Results. Forty-five participants were enrolled in the study. The spectrum analysis revealed an increase in the relative theta power (P < .001) and a reduction in relative alpha power (P < .001) in the observed cortical areas among the migraineurs as compared to the healthy controls. Relative delta power was increased over the frontocentral region (P = .001), slightly more on the symptomatic side of the head. In addition, frontocentral delta power had a moderate positive correlation (r = .697, n = 22, P = .000) with migraine severity. Conclusion. The study supports the evidence of a neuronal dysfunction existing in the resting state during the ictal phase of migraine. qEEG can reveal these aberrant oscillations. Utility of DSA to depict the changes in brain activity in migraine is a potential area for research. The information can help formulate new therapeutic strategies towards alteration in cortical excitability using brain stimulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ojha
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Samhita Panda
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Constantino NJ, Carroll CM, Williams HC, Yuede CM, Sheehan PW, Andy Snipes J, Musiek ES, Johnson LA, Macauley SL. Kir6.2-K ATP channels alter glycolytic flux to modulate cortical activity, arousal, and sleep-wake homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581817. [PMID: 38464274 PMCID: PMC10925108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism plays an important role in the maintenance of vigilance states (e.g. wake, NREM, and REM). Brain lactate fluctuations are a biomarker of sleep. Increased interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate levels are necessary for arousal and wake-associated behaviors, while decreased ISF lactate is required for sleep. ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels couple glucose-lactate metabolism with neuronal excitability. Therefore, we explored how deletion of neuronal K ATP channel activity (Kir6.2-/- mice) affected the relationship between glycolytic flux, neuronal activity, and sleep/wake homeostasis. Kir6.2-/- mice shunt glucose towards glycolysis, reduce neurotransmitter synthesis, dampen cortical EEG activity, and decrease arousal. Kir6.2-/- mice spent more time awake at the onset of the light period due to altered ISF lactate dynamics. Together, we show that Kir6.2-K ATP channels act as metabolic sensors to gate arousal by maintaining the metabolic stability of each vigilance state and providing the metabolic flexibility to transition between states. Highlights Glycolytic flux is necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis. In its absence, neuronal activity is compromised causing changes in arousal and vigilance states despite sufficient energy availability. With Kir6.2-K ATP channel deficiency, the ability to both maintain and shift between different vigilance states is compromised due to changes in glucose utilization. Kir6.2-K ATP channels are metabolic sensors under circadian control that gate arousal and sleep/wake transitions.
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Mazengenya P, Lesku JA, Rattenborg NC, Manger PR. Apparent absence of hypothalamic cholinergic neurons in the common ostrich and emu: Implications for global brain states during sleep. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25587. [PMID: 38335048 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We examined the presence/absence and parcellation of cholinergic neurons in the hypothalami of five birds: a Congo grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), a Timneh grey parrot (P. timneh), a pied crow (Corvus albus), a common ostrich (Struthio camelus), and an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Using immunohistochemistry to an antibody raised against the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, hypothalamic cholinergic neurons were observed in six distinct clusters in the medial, lateral, and ventral hypothalamus in the parrots and crow, similar to prior observations made in the pigeon. The expression of cholinergic nuclei was most prominent in the Congo grey parrot, both in the medial and lateral hypothalamus. In contrast, no evidence of cholinergic neurons in the hypothalami of either the ostrich or emu was found. It is known that the expression of sleep states in the ostrich is unusual and resembles that observed in the monotremes that also lack hypothalamic cholinergic neurons. It has been proposed that the cholinergic system acts globally to produce and maintain brain states, such as those of arousal and rapid-eye-movement sleep. The hiatus in the cholinergic system of the ostrich, due to the lack of hypothalamic cholinergic neurons, may explain, in part, the unusual expression of sleep states in this species. These comparative anatomical and sleep studies provide supportive evidence for global cholinergic actions and may provide an important framework for our understanding of one broad function of the cholinergic system and possible dysfunctions associated with global cholinergic neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedzisai Mazengenya
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - John A Lesku
- Sleep Ecophysiology Group, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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Bittner N, Funk CSM, Schmidt A, Bermpohl F, Brandl EJ, Algharably EEA, Kreutz R, Riemer TG. Psychiatric Adverse Events of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging 2023; 40:953-964. [PMID: 37682445 PMCID: PMC10600312 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are commonly used in the management of various forms of dementia. OBJECTIVES While these drugs are known to induce classic cholinergic adverse events such as diarrhea, their potential to cause psychiatric adverse events has yet to be thoroughly examined. METHODS We sought to determine the risk of psychiatric adverse events associated with the use of AChEIs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials involving patients with Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's dementia. RESULTS A total of 48 trials encompassing 22,845 patients were included in our analysis. Anorexia was the most commonly reported psychiatric adverse event, followed by agitation, insomnia, and depression. Individuals exposed to AChEIs had a greater risk of experiencing appetite disorders, insomnia, or depression compared with those who received placebo (anorexia: odds ratio [OR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.29-3.75; p < 0.00001; decreased appetite: OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.33-2.82; p = 0.0006; insomnia: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25-1.93; p < 0.0001; and depression: OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23-2.06, p = 0.0004). Appetite disorders were also more frequent with high-dose versus low-dose therapy. A subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of insomnia was higher for donepezil than for galantamine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AChEI therapy may negatively impact psychological health, and careful monitoring of new psychiatric symptoms is warranted. Lowering the dose may resolve some psychiatric adverse events, as may switching to galantamine in the case of insomnia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021258376).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bittner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cleo S. M. Funk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva J. Brandl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Engi E. A. Algharably
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Riemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Ho A, Hannan S, Thomas J, Avigdor T, Abdallah C, Dubeau F, Gotman J, Frauscher B. Rapid eye movement sleep affects interictal epileptic activity differently in mesiotemporal and neocortical areas. Epilepsia 2023; 64:3036-3048. [PMID: 37714213 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reduces the rate and extent of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Breakthrough epileptic activity during REM sleep is therefore thought to best localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ). We utilized polysomnography combined with direct cortical recordings to investigate the influences of anatomical locations and the time of night on the suppressive effect of REM sleep on IEDs. METHODS Forty consecutive patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy underwent combined polysomnography and stereo-electroencephalography during presurgical evaluation. Ten-minute interictal epochs were selected 2 h prior to sleep onset (wakefulness), and from the first and second half of the night during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. IEDs were detected automatically across all channels. Anatomic localization, time of night, and channel type (within or outside the SOZ) were tested as modulating factors. RESULTS Relative to wakefulness, there was a suppression of IEDs by REM sleep in neocortical regions (median = -27.6%), whereas mesiotemporal regions showed an increase in IEDs (19.1%, p = .01, d = .39). This effect was reversed when comparing the regional suppression of IEDs by REM sleep relative to NREM sleep (-35.1% in neocortical, -58.7% in mesiotemporal, p < .001, d = .39). Across all patients, no clinically relevant novel IED regions were observed in REM sleep versus NREM or wakefulness based on our predetermined thresholds (4 IEDs/min in REM, 0 IEDs/min in NREM and wakefulness). Finally, there was a reduction in IEDs in late (NREM: 1.08/min, REM: .61/min) compared to early sleep (NREM: 1.22/min, REM: .69/min) for both NREM (p < .001, d = .21) and REM (p = .04, d = .14). SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate a spatiotemporal effect of IED suppression by REM sleep relative to wakefulness in neocortical but not mesiotemporal regions, and in late versus early sleep. This suggests the importance of considering sleep stage interactions and the potential influences of anatomical locations when using IEDs to define the epileptic focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Ho
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sana Hannan
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Thomas
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamir Avigdor
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chifaou Abdallah
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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André C, Martineau-Dussault MÈ, Daneault V, Blais H, Frenette S, Lorrain D, Hudon C, Bastien C, Petit D, Lafrenière A, Thompson C, Montplaisir J, Gosselin N, Carrier J. REM sleep is associated with the volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain in aMCI individuals. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:151. [PMID: 37684650 PMCID: PMC10485959 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep highly depends on the activity of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurons and is reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated the associations between the volume of BF nuclei and REM sleep characteristics, and the impact of cognitive status on these links, in late middle-aged and older participants. METHODS Thirty-one cognitively healthy controls (66.8 ± 7.2 years old, 13 women) and 31 participants with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (68.3 ± 8.8 years old, 7 women) were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent polysomnography, a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. REM sleep characteristics (i.e., percentage, latency and efficiency) were derived from polysomnographic recordings. T1-weighted images were preprocessed using CAT12 and the DARTEL algorithm, and we extracted the gray matter volume of BF regions of interest using a probabilistic atlas implemented in the JuBrain Anatomy Toolbox. Multiple linear regressions were performed between the volume of BF nuclei and REM sleep characteristics controlling for age, sex and total intracranial volume, in the whole cohort and in subgroups stratified by cognitive status. RESULTS In the whole sample, lower REM sleep percentage was significantly associated to lower nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4) volume (β = 0.32, p = 0.009). When stratifying the cohort according to cognitive status, lower REM sleep percentage was significantly associated to both lower Ch4 (β = 0.48, p = 0.012) and total BF volumes (β = 0.44, p = 0.014) in aMCI individuals, but not in cognitively unimpaired participants. No significant associations were observed between the volume of the BF and wake after sleep onset or non-REM sleep variables. DISCUSSION These results suggest that REM sleep disturbances may be an early manifestation of the degeneration of the BF cholinergic system before the onset of dementia, especially in participants with mild memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire André
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Martineau-Dussault
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Daneault
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565 Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Hélène Blais
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Sonia Frenette
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Dominique Lorrain
- Research Centre On Aging, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de L'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- CERVO Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Célyne Bastien
- CERVO Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Petit
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lafrenière
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Thompson
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Recherche CIUSSS NIM, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, 4565 Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, QC, H3W 1W5, Canada.
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10
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Memon AA, Catiul C, Irwin Z, Pilkington J, Memon RA, Joop A, Wood KH, Cutter G, Miocinovic S, Amara AW. Quantitative sleep electroencephalogram and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease with and without rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1223974. [PMID: 37745647 PMCID: PMC10512724 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1223974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are at greater risk for cognitive decline and RBD has been associated with alterations in sleep-related EEG oscillations. This study evaluates differences in sleep quantitative EEG (qEEG) and cognition in PD participants with (PD-RBD) and without RBD (PD-no-RBD). Methods In this cross-sectional study, polysomnography (PSG)-derived qEEG and a comprehensive level II neuropsychological assessment were compared between PD-RBD (n = 21) and PD-no-RBD (n = 31). Following artifact rejection, qEEG analysis was performed in the frontal and central leads. Measures included Scalp-slow wave (SW) density, spindle density, morphological properties of SW and sleep spindles, SW-spindle phase-amplitude coupling, and spectral power analysis in NREM and REM. The neurocognitive battery had at least two tests per domain, covering five cognitive domains as recommended by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for PD-MCI diagnosis. Differences in qEEG features and cognitive performance were compared between the two groups. Stepwise linear regression was performed to evaluate predictors of cognitive performance. Multiple comparisons were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results Spindle density and SW-spindle co-occurrence percent were lower in participants with PD-RBD compared to PD-no-RBD. The PD-RBD group also demonstrated higher theta spectral power during REM. Sleep spindles and years of education, but not RBD, were predictors of cognitive performance. Conclusion PD participants with RBD have alterations in sleep-related qEEG compared to PD participants without RBD. Although PD-RBD participants had worse cognitive performance compared to PD-no-RBD, regression models suggest that lower sleep spindle density, rather than presence of RBD, predicts worse comprehensive cognitive score. Future studies should include longitudinal evaluation to determine whether sleep-related qEEG alterations are associated with more rapid cognitive decline in PD-RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel A. Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zachary Irwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Raima A. Memon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kimberly H. Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Amy W. Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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11
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Zaghloul N, Cohen NS, Ayasolla KR, Li HL, Kurepa D, Ahmed MN. Galantamine ameliorates hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:890015. [PMID: 37424990 PMCID: PMC10323435 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.890015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged oxygen therapy in preterm infants often leads to cognitive impairment. Hyperoxia leads to excess free radical production with subsequent neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, microgliosis and apoptosis. We hypothesized that Galantamine, an acetyl choline esterase inhibitor and an FDA approved treatment of Alzheimer's disease, will reduce hyperoxic brain injury in neonatal mice and will improve learning and memory. Methods Mouse pups at postnatal day 1 (P1) were placed in a hyperoxia chamber (FiO2 95%) for 7 days. Pups were injected IP daily with Galantamine (5 mg/kg/dose) or saline for 7 days. Results Hyperoxia caused significant neurodegeneration in cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS), laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nucleus and nucleus ambiguus (NA). Galantamine ameliorated this neuronal loss. Treated hyperoxic group showed a significant increase of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) expression and a decrease of acetyl choline esterase activity, thus increasing acetyl choline levels in hyperoxia environment. Hyperoxia increased pro-inflammatory cytokines namely IL -1β, IL-6 and TNF α, HMGB1, NF-κB activation. Galantamine showed its potent anti- inflammatory effect, by blunting cytokines surges among treated group. Treatment with Galantamine increased myelination while reducing apoptosis, microgliosis, astrogliosis and ROS production. Long term neurobehavioral outcomes at P60 showed improved locomotor activity, coordination, learning and memory, along with increased hippocampal volumes on MRI with Galantamine treated versus non treated hyperoxia group. Conclusion Together our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for Galantamine in attenuating hyperoxia-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Zaghloul
- Steele Children's Research Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Naomi S. Cohen
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Hsiu-Ling Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dalibor Kurepa
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed N. Ahmed
- Steele Children's Research Center, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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12
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Rempe MP, Wiesman AI, Murman DL, May PE, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Wolfson SL, Johnson CM, Wilson TW. Sleep quality differentially modulates neural oscillations and proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104610. [PMID: 37182265 PMCID: PMC10200835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in resting-state neural activity have been reported in people with sleep disruptions and in patients with Alzheimer's disease, but the direct impact of sleep quality on Alzheimer's disease-related neurophysiological aberrations is unclear. METHODS We collected cross-sectional resting-state magnetoencephalography and extensive neuropsychological and clinical data from 38 biomarker-confirmed patients on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum and 20 cognitively normal older control participants. Sleep efficiency was quantified using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. FINDINGS Neural activity in the delta frequency range was differentially affected by poor sleep in patients on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Such neural changes were related to processing speed abilities and regional amyloid accumulation, and these associations were mediated and moderated, respectively, by sleep quality. INTERPRETATION Together, our results point to a mechanistic role for sleep disturbances in the widely reported neurophysiological aberrations seen in patients on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum, with implications for basic research and clinical intervention. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Daniel L Murman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pamela E May
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicholas J Christopher-Hayes
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Sara L Wolfson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Craig M Johnson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178 USA
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13
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Memon AA, Catiul C, Irwin Z, Pilkington J, Memon RA, Joop A, Wood KH, Cutter G, Miocinovic S, Amara AW. Quantitative Sleep Electroencephalogram in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:351-365. [PMID: 37066921 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include alterations in sleep-related EEG oscillations. OBJECTIVE This case-control study tested the hypothesis that patients with PD would have a lower density of Scalp-Slow Wave (SW) oscillations and higher slow-to-fast frequencies ratio in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than non-PD controls. Other sleep-related quantitative EEG (qEEG) features were also examined, including SW morphology, sleep spindles, and Scalp-SW spindle phase-amplitude coupling. METHODS Polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep EEG was compared between PD participants (n = 56) and non-PD controls (n = 30). Following artifact rejection, sleep qEEG analysis was performed in frontal and central leads. Measures included SW density and morphological features of SW and sleep spindles, SW-spindle phase-amplitude coupling, and spectral power analysis in Non-REM (NREM) and REM. Differences in qEEG features between PD and non-PD controls were compared using two-tailed Welch's t-tests, and correction for multiple comparisons was performed per the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS SW density was lower in PD than in non-PD controls (F = 13.5, p' = 0.003). The PD group also exhibited higher ratio of slow REM EEG frequencies (F = 4.23, p' = 0.013), higher slow spindle peak frequency (F = 24.7, p' < 0.002), and greater SW-spindle coupling angle distribution non-uniformity (strength) (F = 7.30, p' = 0.034). CONCLUSION This study comprehensively evaluates sleep qEEG including SW-spindle phase amplitude coupling in PD compared to non-PD controls. These findings provide novel insights into how neurodegenerative disease disrupts electrophysiological sleep rhythms. Considering the role of sleep oscillatory activity on neural plasticity, future studies should investigate the influence of these qEEG markers on cognition in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel A Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Neuroengineering Ph.D. program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zachary Irwin
- Neuroengineering Ph.D. program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raima A Memon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabamaat Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Oh SG, Lee EY, Lee HS. Projections from LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + zona incerta neurons to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei of the rat. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:905-917. [PMID: 36583474 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A recent report suggested that LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + GABA-releasing neurons of the ventral zona incerta (VZI) promote sleep, particularly paradoxical sleep (PS). While their potential involvement in sleep still needs to be firmly confirmed, little is known about their specific input/output connections with widespread brain regions, including those involved in sleep. Thus, the present study was designed to examine whether Lhx6-expressing neurons (in parallel to intermingled MCH-expressing ones) may send efferent projections to cholinergic and/or monoaminergic nuclei from basal forebrain (BF) to brainstem (BS). Based on the present observations, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the BF and BS cholinergic nuclei over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were approximately 5.9% and 6.9%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the dorsal raphe and locus coeruleus over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were about 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, Lhx6+ cells projecting to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei were scattered along the entire dorsal-to-ventral extent of the VZI. Based on the present as well as our previous observations, it is suggested that Lhx6+ VZI neurons might play an important role in the regulation of PS, partly via the neural network involving the cholinergic as well as monoaminergic nuclei of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyoon Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Yeup Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Giustiniani A, Danesin L, Bozzetto B, Macina A, Benavides-Varela S, Burgio F. Functional changes in brain oscillations in dementia: a review. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:25-47. [PMID: 35724724 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that several characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) play a functional role in cognition and could be linked to the progression of cognitive decline in some neurological diseases such as dementia. The present paper reviews previous studies investigating changes in brain oscillations associated to the most common types of dementia, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD), with the aim of identifying pathology-specific patterns of alterations and supporting differential diagnosis in clinical practice. The included studies analysed changes in frequency power, functional connectivity, and event-related potentials, as well as the relationship between electrophysiological changes and cognitive deficits. Current evidence suggests that an increase in slow wave activity (i.e., theta and delta) as well as a general reduction in the power of faster frequency bands (i.e., alpha and beta) characterizes AD, VaD, and FTD. Additionally, compared to healthy controls, AD exhibits alteration in latencies and amplitudes of the most common event related potentials. In the reviewed studies, these changes generally correlate with performances in many cognitive tests. In conclusion, particularly in AD, neurophysiological changes can be reliable early markers of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Danesin
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | | | - AnnaRita Macina
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Benavides-Varela
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Burgio
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy
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16
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André C, Champetier P, Rehel S, Kuhn E, Touron E, Ourry V, Landeau B, Le Du G, Mézenge F, Segobin S, de la Sayette V, Vivien D, Chételat G, Rauchs G, Allais F, Asselineau J, Lugo SB, Batchelor M, Beaugonin A, Bejanin A, Chocat A, Collette F, Dautricourt S, Ferrand‐Devouge E, De Flores R, Delamillieure P, Delarue M, Deza‐Araujo YI, Esperou H, Felisatti F, Frison E, Gheysen F, Gonneaud J, Heidmann M, Tran (Dolma) T(TH, Klimecki O, Lefranc V, Lutz A, Marchant N, Molinuevo J, Moulinet I, Palix C, Paly L, Poisnel G, Requier F, Salmon E, Schimmer C, Sherif S, Vanhoutte M, Vuilleumier P, Ware C, Wirth M. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, Neurodegeneration, and Amyloid Deposition in Aging. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:979-990. [PMID: 36641644 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is markedly altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its reduction in older populations is associated with AD risk. However, little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms. Our objective was to investigate the relationships between REM sleep integrity and amyloid deposition, gray matter volume, and perfusion in aging. METHODS We included 121 cognitively unimpaired older adults (76 women, mean age 68.96 ± 3.82 years), who underwent a polysomnography, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, early and late Florbetapir positron emission tomography scans to evaluate gray matter volume, perfusion, and amyloid deposition. We computed indices reflecting REM sleep macro- and microstructural integrity (ie, normalized electroencephalographic spectral power values). Voxel-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted between REM sleep indices and neuroimaging data, controlling for age, sex, education, the apnea-hypopnea index, and the apolipoprotein E ε4 status. RESULTS Lower perfusion in frontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and precuneus areas was associated with decreased delta power and electroencephalographic slowing (slow/fast frequencies ratio), and increased alpha and beta power. To a lower extent, similar results were obtained between gray matter volume and delta, alpha, and beta power. In addition, lower REM sleep theta power was more marginally associated with greater diffuse amyloid deposition and lower gray matter volume in fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital areas. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that alterations of REM sleep microstructure are associated with greater neurodegeneration and neocortical amyloid deposition in older adults. Further studies are warranted to replicate these findings, and determine whether older adults exhibiting REM sleep alterations are more at risk of cognitive decline and belonging to the Alzheimer's continuum. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire André
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Champetier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Rehel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Edelweiss Touron
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Valentin Ourry
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gwendoline Le Du
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France.,Neurology Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Clinical Research Department, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", NeuroPresage Team, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Caen University Hospital, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
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17
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Cortical electrical activity changes in healthy aging using EEG-eLORETA analysis. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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18
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Jo Y, Lee S, Jung T, Park G, Lee C, Im GH, Lee S, Park JS, Oh C, Kook G, Kim H, Kim S, Lee BC, Suh GS, Kim S, Kim J, Lee HJ. General-Purpose Ultrasound Neuromodulation System for Chronic, Closed-Loop Preclinical Studies in Freely Behaving Rodents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202345. [PMID: 36259285 PMCID: PMC9731702 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is an effective noninvasive treatment modality for brain disorders with high clinical potential. However, the therapeutic effects of ultrasound neuromodulation are not widely explored due to limitations in preclinical systems. The current preclinical studies are head-fixed, anesthesia-dependent, and acute, limiting clinical translatability. Here, this work reports a general-purpose ultrasound neuromodulation system for chronic, closed-loop preclinical studies in freely behaving rodents. This work uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to design and fabricate a small and lightweight transducer capable of artifact-free stimulation and simultaneous neural recording. Using the general-purpose system, it can be observed that state-dependent ultrasound neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex increases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and protects spatial working memory to REM sleep deprivation. The system will allow explorative studies in brain disease therapeutics and neuromodulation using ultrasound stimulation for widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehhyun Jo
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Mok Lee
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Taesub Jung
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)Daegu41068Republic of Korea
| | - Gijae Park
- Department of Electrical EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Electrical EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Creative Research Center for Brain ScienceKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerin Oh
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kook
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggug Kim
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kim
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain ScienceKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Greg S.B. Suh
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging ResearchInstitute for Basic ScienceSuwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)Daegu41068Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo J. Lee
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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19
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Implication of EEG theta/alpha and theta/beta ratio in Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18706. [PMID: 36333386 PMCID: PMC9636216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the patterns of quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and mixed disease. Sixteen patients with AD, 38 with LBD, 20 with mixed disease, and 17 control participants were recruited and underwent EEG. The theta/alpha ratio and theta/beta ratio were measured. The relationship of the log-transformed theta/alpha ratio (TAR) and theta/beta ratio (TBR) with the disease group, the presence of AD and LBD, and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Participants in the LBD and mixed disease groups had higher TBR in all lobes except for occipital lobe than those in the control group. The presence of LBD was independently associated with higher TBR in all lobes and higher central and parietal TAR, while the presence of AD was not. Among cognitively impaired patients, higher TAR was associated with the language, memory, and visuospatial dysfunction, while higher TBR was associated with the memory and frontal/executive dysfunction. Increased TBR in all lobar regions and temporal TAR were associated with the hallucinations, while cognitive fluctuations and the severity of Parkinsonism were not. Increased TBR could be a biomarker for LBD, independent of AD, while the presence of mixed disease could be reflected as increased TAR.
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20
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Electroacupuncture stimulation of HT7 alleviates sleep disruption following acute caffeine exposure by regulating BDNF-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat medial septum. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113724. [PMID: 36156370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture stimulation can protect the brain against caffeine-induced sleep disruption. This study investigated whether electroacupuncture stimulation acupuncture point HT7 alleviates sleep disruption by regulating mBDNF and ER stress in the medial septum. Acute exposure to caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the wake time and decreased REM sleep, which HT7 stimulation alleviated. HT7 stimulation ameliorated the acute caffeine exposure-induced increase in the expression of BiP, an endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein, in the rat medial septum. Interestingly, HT7 stimulation induced the expression of mBDNF and pTrkB in the medial septum. The next experiment investigated whether TrkB phosphorylated by HT7 stimulation induced BiP expression in the rat medial septum. Before electroacupuncture stimulation at HT7, ANA-12 was administered to caffeine-treated rats. In rats administered ANA-12 in the medial septum, HT7 stimulation did not reduce BiP expression. These findings suggest that HT7 stimulation improves wake time and REM sleep dysfunction by regulating the BDNF-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the medial septum. These results indicate that the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the medial septum by HT7 stimulation and the subsequent amelioration of insomnia may depend on phosphorylated TrkB activation.
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21
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Yun J, Park J, Jeong S, Hong D, Kim D. A Mask-Shaped Respiration Sensor Using Triboelectricity and a Machine Learning Approach toward Smart Sleep Monitoring Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173549. [PMID: 36080623 PMCID: PMC9460850 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily sleep monitoring is limited by the needs for specialized equipment and experts. This study combines a mask-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (M-TENG) and machine learning for facile daily sleep monitoring without the specialized equipment or experts. The fabricated M-TENG demonstrates its excellent ability to detect respiration, even distinguishing oral and nasal breath. To increase the pressure sensitivity of the M-TENG, the reactive ion etching is conducted with different tilted angles. By investigating each surface morphology of the polytetrafluoroethylene films according to the reactive ion etching with different tilted angles, the tilted angle is optimized with the angle of 60° and the pressure sensitivity is increased by 5.8 times. The M-TENG can also detect changes in the angle of head and snoring. Various sleep stages can be classified by their distinctive electrical outputs, with the aid of a machine learning approach. As a result, a high averaged-classification accuracy of 87.17% is achieved for each sleep stage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed combination can be utilized to monitor the sleep stage in order to provide an aid for self-awareness of sleep disorders. Considering these results, the M-TENG and machine learning approach is expected to be utilized as a smart sleep monitoring system in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyeon Yun
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Park
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Suna Jeong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Deokgi Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (D.K.)
| | - Daewon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeon-daero, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (D.K.)
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22
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Wise JP, Young JL, Cai J, Cai L. Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106877. [PMID: 34547640 PMCID: PMC8694118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a global environmental pollutant that increases risk for several types of cancers and is increasingly being recognized as a neurotoxicant. Traditionally, the brain has been viewed as a largely post-mitotic organ due to its specialized composition of neurons, and consequently, clastogenic effects were not considered in neurotoxicology. Today, we understand the brain is composed of at least eight distinct cell types - most of which continue mitotic activity throughout lifespan. We have learned these dividing cells play essential roles in brain and body health. This review focuses on Cr(VI), a potent clastogen and known human carcinogen, as a potentially neurotoxic agent targeting mitotic cells of the brain. Despite its well-established role as a human carcinogen, Cr(VI) neurotoxicity studies have failed to find a significant link to brain cancers. In the few studies that did find a link, Cr(VI) was identified as a risk for gliomas. Instead, in the human brain, Cr(VI) appears to have more subtle deleterious effects that can impair childhood learning and attention development, olfactory function, social memory, and may contribute to motor neuron diseases. Studies of Cr(VI) neurotoxicity with animal and cell culture models have demonstrated elevated markers of oxidative damage and redox stress, with widespread neurodegeneration. One study showed mice exposed to Cr(VI)-laden tannery effluent exhibited longer periods of aggressive behavior toward an "intruder" mouse and took longer to recognize mice previously encountered, recapitulating the social memory deficits observed in humans. Here we conducted a critical review of the available literature on Cr(VI) neurotoxicity and synthesize the collective observations to thoroughly evaluate Cr(VI) neurotoxicity - much remains to be understood and recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Jamie L Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Pediatric Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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23
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Smiley JF, Bleiwas C, Canals-Baker S, Williams SZ, Sears R, Teixeira CM, Wilson DA, Saito M. Neonatal ethanol causes profound reduction of cholinergic cell number in the basal forebrain of adult animals. Alcohol 2021; 97:1-11. [PMID: 34464696 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In animal models that mimic human third-trimester fetal development, ethanol causes substantial cellular apoptosis in the brain, but for most brain structures, the extent of permanent neuron loss that persists into adulthood is unknown. We injected ethanol into C57BL/6J mouse pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) to model human late-gestation ethanol toxicity, and then used stereological methods to investigate adult cell numbers in several subcortical neurotransmitter systems that project extensively in the forebrain to regulate arousal states. Ethanol treatment caused especially large reductions (34-42%) in the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain, including cholinergic cells in the medial septal/vertical diagonal band nuclei (Ch1/Ch2) and in the horizontal diagonal band/substantia innominata/nucleus basalis nuclei (Ch3/Ch4). Cell loss was also present in non-cholinergic basal forebrain cells, as demonstrated by 34% reduction of parvalbumin-immunolabeled GABA cells and 25% reduction of total Nissl-stained neurons in the Ch1/Ch2 region. In contrast, cholinergic cells in the striatum were reduced only 12% by ethanol, and those of the brainstem pedunculopontine/lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei (Ch5/Ch6) were not significantly reduced. Similarly, ethanol did not significantly reduce dopamine cells of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra or serotonin cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Orexin (hypocretin) cells in the hypothalamus showed a modest reduction (14%). Our findings indicate that the basal forebrain is especially vulnerable to alcohol exposure in the late gestational period. Reduction of cholinergic and GABAergic projection neurons from the basal forebrain that regulate forebrain arousal may contribute to the behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with neonatal ethanol exposure.
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24
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Sil A, Erfani A, Lamb N, Copland R, Riedel G, Platt B. Sex Differences in Behavior and Molecular Pathology in the 5XFAD Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:755-778. [PMID: 34864660 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is greater in women compared to men, but the reasons for this remain unknown. This sex difference has been widely neglected in experimental studies using transgenic mouse models of AD. OBJECTIVE Here, we studied behavior and molecular pathology of 5-month-old 5XFAD mice, which express mutated human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 on a C57BL/6J background, versus their wild-type littermate controls, to compared both sex- and genotype-dependent differences. METHODS A novel behavioral paradigm was utilized (OF-NO-SI), comprising activity measures (Open Field, OF) arena, followed by Novel Object exploration (NO) and Social Interaction (SI) of a sex-matched conspecific. Each segment consisted of two repeated trials to assess between-trial habituation. Subsequently, brain pathology (amyloid load, stress response and inflammation markers, synaptic integrity, trophic support) was assessed using qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS Female 5XFAD mice had higher levels of human APP and amyloid-β and heightened inflammation versus males. These markers correlated with hyperactivity observed in both sexes, yet only female 5XFAD mice presented with deficits in object and social exploration. Male animals had higher expression of stress markers and neurotrophic factors irrespective of genotype, this correlated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION The impact of sex on AD-relevant phenotypes is in line with human data and emphasizes the necessity of appropriate study design and reporting. Differential molecular profiles observed in male versus female mice offer insights into possible protective mechanisms, and hence treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Sil
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Arina Erfani
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicola Lamb
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel Copland
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Bettina Platt
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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25
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Dai X, Zhou E, Yang W, Mao R, Zhang W, Rao Y. Molecular resolution of a behavioral paradox: sleep and arousal are regulated by distinct acetylcholine receptors in different neuronal types in Drosophila. Sleep 2021; 44:6119684. [PMID: 33493349 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and arousal are both important for animals. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) has long been found to promote both sleep and arousal in mammals, an apparent paradox which has also been found to exist in flies, causing much confusion in understanding sleep and arousal. Here, we have systematically studied all 13 ACh receptors (AChRs) in Drosophila to understand mechanisms underlying ACh function in sleep and arousal. We found that exogenous stimuli-induced arousal was decreased in nAChRα3 mutants, whereas sleep was decreased in nAChRα2 and nAChRβ2 mutants. nAChRα3 functions in dopaminergic neurons to promote exogenous stimuli-induced arousal, whereas nAChRα2 and β2 function in octopaminergic neurons to promote sleep. Our studies have revealed that a single transmitter can promote endogenous sleep and exogenous stimuli-induced arousal through distinct receptors in different types of downstream neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihuimin Dai
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Enxing Zhou
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Renbo Mao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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26
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Ishibashi K, Ishii D, Yamamoto S, Okamoto Y, Wakatabi M, Kohno Y. Asymmetry of Interhemispheric Connectivity during Rapid Movements of Right and Left Hands: A TMS-EEG Study. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:135-145. [PMID: 34180775 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1930993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interhemispheric signal propagation (ISP) obtained by electroencephalography during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows for the assessment of the interhemispheric connectivity involved in inhibitory processes. To investigate the functional asymmetry of hemispheres during rapid movement, we compared ISP in the left and right hemispheres during rapid hand movements. In 11 healthy right-handed adults, we delivered TMS to the M1 and recorded ISP from the M1 to the contralateral hemisphere. We found that ISP from the left to right hemisphere during right-hand rapid movement was higher than ISP from the right to left hemisphere during the left-hand rapid movement. These results indicate that the left M1 strongly inhibits the right M1, and that the left hemisphere is dominant for rapid movements as well as sequential movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshige Ishibashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakatabi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohno
- Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Altered functional connectivity between the nucleus basalis of Meynert and anterior cingulate cortex is associated with declined attentional performance after total sleep deprivation. Behav Brain Res 2021; 409:113321. [PMID: 33910027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can markedly influence vigilant attention. The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the main source of cholinergic projections to the cortex, plays an important role in wakefulness maintenance and attention control. However, the involvement of NBM in attentional impairments after total sleep deprivation (TSD) has yet to be established. The purpose of this study is to investigate the alterations in NBM functional connectivity and its association with the attentional performance following TSD. METHODS Thirty healthy adult males were recruited in the study. Participants underwent two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans, once in rested wakefulness (RW) and once after 36 h of TSD. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using rs-fMRI data for the left and right NBM. The vigilant attention was measured using a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between altered NBM functional connectivity and changed PVT performance after TSD. RESULTS Compared to RW, enhanced functional connectivity was observed between right NBM and bilateral thalamus and cingulate cortex, while reduced functional connectivity was observed between left NBM and right superior parietal lobule following TSD. Moreover, altered NBM functional connectivity with the left anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with PVT performance after TSD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the disrupted NBM-related cholinergic circuit highlights an important role in attentional performance after TSD. The enhanced NBM functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex may act as neural signatures for attentional deficits induced by sleep deprivation.
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28
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Cordone S, Scarpelli S, Alfonsi V, De Gennaro L, Gorgoni M. Sleep-Based Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease: Promising Approaches from Prevention to Treatment along the Disease Trajectory. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040383. [PMID: 33921870 PMCID: PMC8073746 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has led scientific researchers to focus on the modifiable and treatable risk factors of AD. Sleep fits into this context, given the bidirectional relationship with AD confirmed by several studies over the last years. Sleep disorders appear at an early stage of AD and continue throughout the entire course of the pathology. Specifically, sleep abnormalities, such as more fragmented sleep, increase in time of awakenings, worsening of sleep quality and primary sleep disorders raise with the severity and progression of AD. Intervening on sleep, therefore, means acting both with prevention strategies in the pre-clinical phase and with treatments during the course of the disease. This review explores sleep disturbances in the different stages of AD, starting from the pre-clinical stage. Particular attention is given to the empirical evidence investigating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorder and the mechanisms overlapping and sharing with AD. Next, we discuss sleep-based intervention strategies in the healthy elderly population, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. We mention interventions related to behavioral strategies, combination therapies, and bright light therapy, leaving extensive space for new and raising evidence on continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) treatment effectiveness. Finally, we clarify the role of NREM sleep across the AD trajectory and consider the most recent studies based on the promising results of NREM sleep enhancement, which use innovative experimental designs and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cordone
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (M.G.)
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Modulation of arousal and sleep/wake architecture by M 1 PAM VU0453595 across young and aged rodents and nonhuman primates. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2219-2228. [PMID: 32868847 PMCID: PMC7784923 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic circuitry represents an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These alterations in central cholinergic function are associated with disruptions in arousal, sleep/wake architecture, and cognition. Changes in sleep/wake architecture are also present in normal aging and may represent a significant risk factor for AD. M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been reported to enhance cognition across preclinical species and may also provide beneficial effects for age- and/or neurodegenerative disease-related changes in arousal and sleep. In the present study, electroencephalography was conducted in young animals (mice, rats and nonhuman primates [NHPs]) and in aged mice to examine the effects of the selective M1 PAM VU0453595 in comparison with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, M1/M4 agonist xanomeline (in NHPs), and M1 PAM BQCA (in rats) on sleep/wake architecture and arousal. In young wildtype mice, rats, and NHPs, but not in M1 mAChR KO mice, VU0453595 produced dose-related increases in high frequency gamma power, a correlate of arousal and cognition enhancement, without altering duration of time across all sleep/wake stages. Effects of VU0453595 in NHPs were observed within a dose range that did not induce cholinergic-mediated adverse effects. In contrast, donepezil and xanomeline increased time awake in rodents and engendered dose-limiting adverse effects in NHPs. Finally, VU0453595 attenuated age-related decreases in REM sleep duration in aged wildtype mice. Development of M1 PAMs represents a viable strategy for attenuating age-related and dementia-related pathological disturbances of sleep and arousal.
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30
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OSERR: an open-source standalone electrophysiology recording system for rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16996. [PMID: 33046761 PMCID: PMC7552399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral assessment of rodents is critical for investigation of brain function in health and disease. In vivo neurophysiological recordings are powerful tools to mechanistically dissect neural pathways that underlie behavioral changes, and serve as markers for dynamics, efficacy and safety of potential therapeutic approaches. However, most in vivo recording systems require tethers or telemetry receivers, limiting their compatibility with some behavioral tests. Here, we developed an open-source standalone electrophysiology recording system for rodents (OSERR). It is a tether-free, standalone recording device with two channels, a reference and a ground, that acquires, amplifies, filters and stores data all in itself. Thus, it does not require any cable or receiver. It is also compact and light-weight, and compatible with juvenile mice, as well as multiple recording modalities and standard electrode implantation methods. In addition, we provide the complete design of hardware, and software for operation. As an example, we demonstrated that this standalone system, when configured with a bandwidth of 1–120 Hz and gain of 1000, successfully collected EEG signals during induced seizure, extended recording, anesthesia, and social interactions in mice. The design of this system is practical, economical, and freely available. Thus, this system could enable recording of brain activity during diverse behavioral assays in a variety of arenas and settings, and allow simultaneous recordings from multiple subjects to examine social behaviors. Importantly, with the open-source documentation, researchers could customize the design of the system to their specific needs.
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31
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Green TRF, Ortiz JB, Wonnacott S, Williams RJ, Rowe RK. The Bidirectional Relationship Between Sleep and Inflammation Links Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:894. [PMID: 32982677 PMCID: PMC7479838 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are diseases during which the fine-tuned autoregulation of the brain is lost. Despite the stark contrast in their causal mechanisms, both TBI and AD are conditions which elicit a neuroinflammatory response that is coupled with physical, cognitive, and affective symptoms. One commonly reported symptom in both TBI and AD patients is disturbed sleep. Sleep is regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes such that pathological inflammation may disrupt the chemical signaling required to maintain a healthy sleep profile. In this way, immune system activation can influence sleep physiology. Conversely, sleep disturbances can exacerbate symptoms or increase the risk of inflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases. Both TBI and AD are worsened by a chronic pro-inflammatory microenvironment which exacerbates symptoms and worsens clinical outcome. Herein, a positive feedback loop of chronic inflammation and sleep disturbances is initiated. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and inflammation is discussed, where chronic inflammation associated with TBI and AD can lead to sleep disturbances and exacerbated neuropathology. The role of microglia and cytokines in sleep disturbances associated with these diseases is highlighted. The proposed sleep and inflammation-mediated link between TBI and AD presents an opportunity for a multifaceted approach to clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha R. F. Green
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - J. Bryce Ortiz
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sue Wonnacott
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Sequential habituation to space, object and stranger is differentially modulated by glutamatergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic transmission. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:652-670. [PMID: 32649364 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel object and social interaction tasks allow assessments of rodent cognition and social behavior. Here, we combined these tasks and defined unequivocal locations of interest. Our procedure, termed OF-NO-SI, comprised habituation to the open field (OF), novel object (NO) and social interaction (SI) stages. Habituation was measured within- and between-trials (10 minutes each, two per stage). Ambulation emerged as the appropriate proxy during the OF stage, but NO and SI trials were best quantified via direct exploration measures. We pharmacologically validated the paradigm using 5-month old C57BL/6J male mice, treated intraperitoneally with (1) 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine, (2) 0.05 mg/kg MK-801 and (3) 0.05 mg/kg SCH-23390 to block muscarinic (M1), NMDA, and D1 receptors, respectively, or (4) vehicle (distilled water). Activity and gross exploratory behavior were affected by all compounds cf. vehicle: scopolamine and MK-801 cohorts were hyperactive, while SCH-23390 caused hypo-locomotion throughout. Vehicle treated mice showed reliable habituation to all stages for time in interaction zone, directed exploration and number of visits. Exploration was severely impaired by scopolamine. MK-801 mostly affected within-session exploration but also increased exploration of the conspecific compared to the object. Interestingly, even though within-trial habituation was lacking in the SCH-23390 cohort, between-trial habituation was largely intact, despite reduced locomotion. Our data suggest that the OF-NO-SI task is a convenient and robust paradigm to measure habituation to different experimental settings and stimuli. It allows the dissociation of proxies related to activity and non-associative learning/memory, as revealed by distinct pharmacological treatment effects within- vs. between-trials.
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Zhu PK, Zheng WS, Zhang P, Jing M, Borden PM, Ali F, Guo K, Feng J, Marvin JS, Wang Y, Wan J, Gan L, Kwan AC, Lin L, Looger LL, Li Y, Zhang Y. Nanoscopic Visualization of Restricted Nonvolume Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Transmission with Genetically Encoded Sensors. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4073-4083. [PMID: 32396366 PMCID: PMC7519949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How neuromodulatory transmitters diffuse into the extracellular space remains an unsolved fundamental biological question, despite wide acceptance of the volume transmission model. Here, we report development of a method combining genetically encoded fluorescent sensors with high-resolution imaging and analysis algorithms which permits the first direct visualization of neuromodulatory transmitter diffusion at various neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Our analysis reveals that acetylcholine and monoamines diffuse at individual release sites with a spread length constant of ∼0.75 μm. These transmitters employ varied numbers of release sites, and when spatially close-packed release sites coactivate they can spillover into larger subcellular areas. Our data indicate spatially restricted (i.e., nonvolume) neuromodulatory transmission to be a prominent intercellular communication mode, reshaping current thinking of control and precision of neuromodulation crucial for understanding behaviors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Math, Engineering & Science Academy Class of 2020, Albemarle High School, Charlottesville, VA 22901
- Summer Secondary School Neurobiology Class of 2019, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Current address: Undergraduate Class of 2024, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - W. Sharon Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Class of 2021, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philip M. Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
- Current address: LifeEDIT, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Farhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kaiming Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jonathan S. Marvin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Abstract
Essential oils are volatile fragrance liquids extracted from plants, and their compound annual growth rate is expected to expand to 8.6% from 2019 to 2025, according to Grand View Research. Essential oils have several domains of application, such as in the food and beverage industry, in cosmetics, as well as for medicinal use. In this study, Michelia alba essential oil was extracted from leaves and was rich in linalool components as found in lavender and jasmine oil. The effects of inhaling michelia oil on human brainwaves still need to be elucidated. Ten male and ten female subjects were recruited. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalography was recorded. The raw data were spectrally analyzed for slow alpha, fast alpha, low beta, mid beta, and high beta activities. The results demonstrate that michelia leaf oil could reduce the alertness level observed by beta wave decrease and fast alpha wave activity increase. The inhalation of pure linalool showed virtually identical responses as the michelia oil inhalation. In conclusion, the sedative effects of michelia oil inhalation might originate from its major linalool component.
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Emergence of global synchronization in directed excitatory networks of type I neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3306. [PMID: 32094415 PMCID: PMC7039997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The collective behaviour of neural networks depends on the cellular and synaptic properties of the neurons. The phase-response curve (PRC) is an experimentally obtainable measure of cellular properties that quantifies the shift in the next spike time of a neuron as a function of the phase at which stimulus is delivered to that neuron. The neuronal PRCs can be classified as having either purely positive values (type I) or distinct positive and negative regions (type II). Networks of type 1 PRCs tend not to synchronize via mutual excitatory synaptic connections. We study the synchronization properties of identical type I and type II neurons, assuming unidirectional synapses. Performing the linear stability analysis and the numerical simulation of the extended Kuramoto model, we show that feedforward loop motifs favour synchronization of type I excitatory and inhibitory neurons, while feedback loop motifs destroy their synchronization tendency. Moreover, large directed networks, either without feedback motifs or with many of them, have been constructed from the same undirected backbones, and a high synchronization level is observed for directed acyclic graphs with type I neurons. It has been shown that, the synchronizability of type I neurons depends on both the directionality of the network connectivity and the topology of its undirected backbone. The abundance of feedforward motifs enhances the synchronizability of the directed acyclic graphs.
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Hill VM, O’Connor RM, Shirasu-Hiza M. Tired and stressed: Examining the need for sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:494-508. [PMID: 30295966 PMCID: PMC6453762 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of circadian rhythms is the sleep/wake cycle. Sleep causes reduced responsiveness to the environment, which puts animals in a particularly vulnerable state; yet sleep has been conserved throughout evolution, indicating that it fulfils a vital purpose. A core function of sleep across species has not been identified, but substantial advances in sleep research have been made in recent years using the genetically tractable model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. This review describes the universality of sleep, the regulation of sleep, and current theories on the function of sleep, highlighting a historical and often overlooked theory called the Free Radical Flux Theory of Sleep. Additionally, we summarize our recent work with short-sleeping Drosophila mutants and other genetic and pharmacological tools for manipulating sleep which supports an antioxidant theory of sleep and demonstrates a bi-directional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. Hill
- Department of Genetics and Development; Columbia University Medical Center; NY, NY, 10032; USA
| | - Reed M. O’Connor
- Department of Genetics and Development; Columbia University Medical Center; NY, NY, 10032; USA
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development; Columbia University Medical Center; NY, NY, 10032; USA
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Alishbayli A, Tichelaar JG, Gorska U, Cohen MX, Englitz B. The asynchronous state's relation to large-scale potentials in cortex. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:2206-2219. [PMID: 31642401 PMCID: PMC6966315 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00013.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relation between large-scale potentials (M/EEG) and their underlying neural activity can improve the precision of research and clinical diagnosis. Recent insights into cortical dynamics highlighted a state of strongly reduced spike count correlations, termed the asynchronous state (AS). The AS has received considerable attention from experimenters and theorists alike, regarding its implications for cortical dynamics and coding of information. However, how reconcilable are these vanishing correlations in the AS with large-scale potentials such as M/EEG observed in most experiments? Typically the latter are assumed to be based on underlying correlations in activity, in particular between subthreshold potentials. We survey the occurrence of the AS across brain states, regions, and layers and argue for a reconciliation of this seeming disparity: large-scale potentials are either observed, first, at transitions between cortical activity states, which entail transient changes in population firing rate, as well as during the AS, and, second, on the basis of sufficiently large, asynchronous populations that only need to exhibit weak correlations in activity. Cells with no or little spiking activity can contribute to large-scale potentials via their subthreshold currents, while they do not contribute to the estimation of spiking correlations, defining the AS. Furthermore, third, the AS occurs only within particular cortical regions and layers associated with the currently selected modality, allowing for correlations at other times and between other areas and layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alishbayli
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tactile Perception and Learning Laboratory, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - J. G. Tichelaar
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - U. Gorska
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. X. Cohen
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Englitz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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38
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Gonçalves ÓF, Carvalho S, Mendes AJ, Leite J, Boggio PS. Neuromodulating Attention and Mind-Wandering Processes with a Single Session Real Time EEG. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2019; 43:143-151. [PMID: 29797155 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Our minds are continuously alternating between external attention (EA) and mind wandering (MW). An appropriate balance between EA and MW is important for promoting efficient perceptual processing, executive functioning, decision-making, auto-biographical memory, and creativity. There is evidence that EA processes are associated with increased activity in high-frequency EEG bands (e.g., SMR), contrasting with the dominance of low-frequency bands during MW (e.g., Theta). The aim of the present study was to test the effects of two distinct single session real-time EEG (rtEEG) protocols (SMR up-training/Theta down-training-SMR⇑Theta⇓; Theta up-training/SMR down-training-Theta⇑SMR⇓) on EA and MW processes. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two rtEEG training protocols (SMR⇑Theta⇓; Theta⇑SMR⇓). Before and after the rtEEG training, participants completed the attention network task (ANT) along with several MW measures. Both training protocols were effective in increasing SMR (SMR⇑Theta⇓) and theta (Theta⇑SMR⇓) amplitudes but not in decreasing the amplitude of down-trained bands. There were no significant effects of the rtEEG training in either EA or MW measures. However, there was a significant positive correlation between post-training SMR increases and the use of deliberate MW (rather than spontaneous) strategies. Additionally, for the Theta⇑SMR⇓ protocol, increase in post-training Theta amplitude was significantly associated with a decreased efficiency in the orientation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar F Gonçalves
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Augusto J Mendes
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Portucalense Institute for Human Development (INPP), Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Boggio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang S, Lv F, Yuan Y, Fan C, Li J, Sun W, Hu J. Whole-Brain Mapping of Monosynaptic Afferent Inputs to Cortical CRH Neurons. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:565. [PMID: 31213976 PMCID: PMC6558184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a critical neuropeptide modulating the mammalian stress response. It is involved in many functional activities within various brain regions, among which there is a subset of CRH neurons occupying a considerable proportion of the cortical GABAergic interneurons. Here, we utilized rabies virus-based monosynaptic retrograde tracing system to map the whole-brain afferent presynaptic partners of the CRH neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We find that the ACC CRH neurons integrate information from the cortex, thalamus, hippocampal formation, amygdala, and also several other midbrain and hindbrain nuclei. Furthermore, our results reveal that ACC CRH neurons receive direct inputs from two neuromodulatory systems, the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and raphe serotoninergic neurons. These findings together expand our knowledge about the connectivity of the cortical GABAergic neurons and also provide a basis for further investigation of the circuit function of cortical CRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhua Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lv
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Mu P, Huang YH. Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:113-118. [PMID: 30894329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep profoundly regulates our emotional and motivational state of mind. Human brain imaging and animal model studies are providing initial insights on the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we focus on the brain cholinergic system, including cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, ventral striatum, habenula, and brain stem. Although much is learned about cholinergic regulations of emotion and motivation, less is known on their interactions with sleep. Specifically, we present an anatomical framework that highlights cholinergic signaling in the integrated reward-arousal/sleep circuitry, and identify the knowledge gaps on the potential roles of cholinergic system in sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation. Sleep impacts every aspect of brain functions. It not only restores cognitive control, but also retunes emotional and motivational regulation [1]. Sleep disturbance is a comorbidity and sometimes a predicting factor for various psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug addiction [2-9]. Although it is well recognized that sleep prominently shapes emotional and motivational regulation, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. The brain cholinergic system is essential for a diverse variety of functions including cognition, learning and memory, sensory and motor processing, sleep and arousal, reward processing, and emotion regulation [10-14]. Although cholinergic functions in cognition, learning and memory, motor control, and sleep and arousal have been well established, its interaction with sleep in regulating emotion and motivation has not been extensively studied. Here we review current evidence on sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation, and reveal knowledge gaps on potential contributions from the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15219, PA, United States.
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Aussel A, Buhry L, Tyvaert L, Ranta R. A detailed anatomical and mathematical model of the hippocampal formation for the generation of sharp-wave ripples and theta-nested gamma oscillations. J Comput Neurosci 2018; 45:207-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s10827-018-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA, Rogovsky VS. Role of Neurochemicals in the Interaction between the Microbiota and the Immune and the Nervous System of the Host Organism. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:215-234. [PMID: 28229287 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work is concerned with the role of evolutionary conserved substances, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones, within the complex framework of the microbial consortium-immune system-nervous system axis in the human or animal organism. Although the operation of each of these systems per se is relatively well understood, their combined effects on the host organism still await further research. Drawing on recent research on host-produced and microbial low-molecular-weight neurochemicals such as biogenic amines, amino acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), we suggest that these mediators form a part of a universal neurochemical "language." It mediates the whole gamut of harmonious and disharmonious interactions between (a) the intestinal microbial consortium, (b) local and systemic immune cells, and (c) the central and peripheral nervous system. Importantly, the ongoing microbiota-host interactivity is bidirectional. We present evidence that a large number of microbially produced low-molecular-weight compounds are identical or homologous to mediators that are synthesized by immune or nervous cells and, therefore, can bind to the corresponding host receptors. In addition, microbial cells specifically respond to host-produced neuromediators/neurohormones because they have adapted to them during the course of many millions of years of microbiota-host coevolution. We emphasize that the terms "microbiota" and "microbial consortium" are to be used in the broadest sense, so as to include, apart from bacteria, also eukaryotic microorganisms. These are exemplified by the mycobiota whose role in the microbial consortium-immune system-nervous system axis researchers are only beginning to elucidate. In light of the above, it is imperative to reform the current strategies of using probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites for treating and preventing dysbiosis-related diseases. The review demonstrates, in the example of novel probiotics (psychobiotics), that many target-oriented probiotic preparations produce important side effects on a wide variety of processes in the host organism. In particular, we should take into account probiotics' capacity to produce mediators that can considerably modify the operation of the microecological, immune, and nervous system of the human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Oleskin
- General Ecology Department, Biology School, Moscow State University, Vorobiev Hills, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Boris A Shenderov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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Lin Y, Wang K, Ma C, Wang X, Gong Z, Zhang R, Zang D, Cheng Y. Evaluation of Metformin on Cognitive Improvement in Patients With Non-dementia Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:227. [PMID: 30100873 PMCID: PMC6074058 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent studies have suggested that metformin can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, protecting neurons via anti-inflammatory action and improvement of brain energy metabolism. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of metformin on cognitive function in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism and non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment (NDVCI). Methods: One hundred patients with NDVCI and abnormal glucose metabolism were randomly allocated into two groups: metformin and donepezil (n = 50) or acarbose and donepezil (n = 50). The neuropsychological status, glucose metabolism, and common carotid arteries intima–media thickness (CCA-IMT) before and after a year of treatment, were measured and compared between the groups. Results: Ninety four patients completed all the assessment and follow-up. After a year of treatment, there was a decrease in Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale scores and the duration of the Trail Making Test in the metformin-donepezil group. Furthermore, these patients showed a significant increase in World Health Organization–University of California–Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test scores after treatment (all P < 0.05). However, there was no obvious improvement in cognitive function in the acarbose-donepezil group. We also observed a significant decrease in the level of fasting insulin and insulin resistance (IR) index in the metformin-donepezil group, with a lower CCA-IMT value than that in the acarbose-donepezil group after a year of treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that metformin can improve cognitive function in patients with NDVCI and abnormal glucose metabolism, especially in terms of performance function. Improved cognitive function may be related to improvement of IR and the attenuated progression of IMT. Trial Registration:ChiCTR-IPR-17011855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunchao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongying Gong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Zang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Neural pathways in medial septal cholinergic modulation of chronic pain: distinct contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral hippocampus. Pain 2018; 159:1550-1561. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zimmerman JE, Chan MT, Lenz OT, Keenan BT, Maislin G, Pack AI. Glutamate Is a Wake-Active Neurotransmitter in Drosophila melanogaster. Sleep 2017; 40:2667755. [PMID: 28364503 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In mammals, there is evidence that glutamate has a role as a wake-active neurotransmitter. So using video-based analysis of Drosophila behavior, we undertook a study to examine if glutamate, which has been previously shown to have an excitatory role in neuromuscular junctions in Drosophila, may have a conserved wake-active role in the adult brain. Aims and Methods Using 6- to 9-day-old female flies, we examined the effect of perturbations of the glutamatergic signaling on total wakefulness and wake bout architecture. We increased and decreased neuronal activity of glutamatergic neurons in the brains of adult flies using Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) NaChBac and UAS EKO, respectively. We blocked neurotransmission from glutamatergic neurons in adult flies using the UAS-driven temperature-sensitive dynamin mutation shibirets. We examined the behavior of flies with loss of function mutations of individual subunits of brain-specific ionotropic glutamate receptors. Results Increasing the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the adult brain led to a significant increase in wakefulness compared to the control groups both in the daytime and nighttime and decreasing the activity of these same neurons reduced wakefulness in the nighttime. Blocking neurotransmitter release in glutamatergic neurons significantly reduced wake in the nighttime. The ionotropic receptor mutants had significantly less wake in the nighttime than their respective genetic background controls. Conclusion The results show the following: glutamate is indeed a wake-active neurotransmitter in Drosophila; there is a major time of day effect associated with loss of glutamatergic neurotransmission; and it is a major wake-active neurotransmitter in the nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Zimmerman
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA
| | - May T Chan
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA
| | - Olivia T Lenz
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA
| | - Greg Maislin
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Biomedical Statistical Consulting, 1357 Garden Rd, Wynnewood, PA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep & Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Markovic A, Kühnis J, Jäncke L. Task Context Influences Brain Activation during Music Listening. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:342. [PMID: 28706480 PMCID: PMC5489556 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we examined brain activation in subjects during two music listening conditions: listening while simultaneously rating the musical piece being played [Listening and Rating (LR)] and listening to the musical pieces unconstrained [Listening (L)]. Using these two conditions, we tested whether the sequence in which the two conditions were fulfilled influenced the brain activation observable during the L condition (LR → L or L → LR). We recorded high-density EEG during the playing of four well-known positively experienced soundtracks in two subject groups. One group started with the L condition and continued with the LR condition (L → LR); the second group performed this experiment in reversed order (LR → L). We computed from the recorded EEG the power for different frequency bands (theta, lower alpha, upper alpha, lower beta, and upper beta). Statistical analysis revealed that the power in all examined frequency bands increased during the L condition but only when the subjects had not had previous experience with the LR condition (i.e., L → LR). For the subjects who began with the LR condition, there were no power increases during the L condition. Thus, the previous experience with the LR condition prevented subjects from developing the particular mental state associated with the typical power increase in all frequency bands. The subjects without previous experience of the LR condition listened to the musical pieces in an unconstrained and undisturbed manner and showed a general power increase in all frequency bands. We interpret the fact that unconstrained music listening was associated with increased power in all examined frequency bands as a neural indicator of a mental state that can best be described as a mind-wandering state during which the subjects are “drawn into” the music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Markovic
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Kühnis
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program, Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Xie L, Huang X, Su B. Portable Sensor for the Detection of Choline and Its Derivatives Based on Silica Isoporous Membrane and Gellified Nanointerfaces. ACS Sens 2017; 2:803-809. [PMID: 28723110 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A portable amperometric ion sensor was fabricated by integrating silica isoporous membrane (SIM) and organogel composed of polyvinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane (PVC-DCE) on a 3D-printed polymer chip. The detection of ionic species in aqueous samples could be accomplished by adding a microliter of sample droplet to the sensor and by identifying the ion-transfer potential and current magnitude at the water/organogel interface array templated by SIM. Thanks to the ultrasmall channel size (2-3 nm in diameter), high channel density (4 × 108 μm-2), and ultrathin thickness (80 nm) of SIM, the ensemble of nanoscopic water/organogel (nano-W/Gel) interface array behaved like a microinterface with two back-to-back hemispherical mass diffusion zones. So, the heterogeneous ion-transfer across the nano-W/Gel interface array generated a steady-state sigmoidal current wave. The detection of choline (Ch) and its derivatives, including acetylcholine (ACh), benzoylcholine (BCh), and atropine (AP), in aqueous samples was examined with this portable sensor. Using differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), the quantification of these analytes was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1 μM. Moreover, the portable ion sensor was insensitive to various potential interferents that might coexist in vivo, owing to size-/charge-based selectivity and antifouling capacity of SIM. With this priority, the portable ion sensor was able to quantitatively determine Ch and its derivatives in diluted urine and blood samples. The LODs for Ch, ACh, AP, and BCh in urine were 1.12, 1.30, 1.08, and 0.99 μM, and those for blood samples were 3.61, 3.38, 2.32, and 1.81 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiqi Xie
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hambrecht-Wiedbusch VS, Li D, Mashour GA. Paradoxical Emergence: Administration of Subanesthetic Ketamine during Isoflurane Anesthesia Induces Burst Suppression but Accelerates Recovery. Anesthesiology 2017; 126:482-494. [PMID: 28099246 PMCID: PMC5309196 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting arousal by manipulating certain brain regions and/or neurotransmitters has been a recent research focus, with the goal of trying to improve recovery from general anesthesia. The current study tested the hypothesis that a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine during isoflurane anesthesia would increase cholinergic tone in the prefrontal cortex and accelerate recovery. METHODS Adult male rats were implanted with electroencephalography electrodes (frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex) and a microdialysis guide cannula targeted for the prefrontal cortex. After establishing general anesthesia with isoflurane, animals were randomly assigned to receive a saline control or ketamine injection. When isoflurane was discontinued nearly 90 min after drug or saline administration, recovery from anesthesia was measured by experimenters and blinded observers. During the entire experiment, electrophysiologic signals were recorded and acetylcholine was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. RESULTS A single dose of subanesthetic ketamine caused an initial 125% increase in burst suppression ratio (last isoflurane sample: 37.48 ± 24.11% vs. isoflurane after ketamine injection: 84.36 ± 8.95%; P < 0.0001), but also a significant 44% reduction in emergence time (saline: 877 ± 335 s vs. ketamine: 494 ± 108 s; P = 0.0005; n = 10 per treatment). Furthermore, ketamine caused a significant 317% increase in cortical acetylcholine release (mean after ketamine injection: 0.18 ± 0.16 pmol vs. ketamine recovery: 0.75 ± 0.41 pmol; P = 0.0002) after isoflurane anesthesia was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine during isoflurane anesthesia increases anesthetic depth but-paradoxically-accelerates the recovery of consciousness, possibly through cholinergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane S. Hambrecht-Wiedbusch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - George A. Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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