1
|
Lee J, Huh S, Park K, Kang N, Yu HS, Park HG, Kim YS, Kang UG, Won S, Kim SH. Behavioral and transcriptional effects of repeated electroconvulsive seizures in the neonatal MK-801-treated rat model of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:817-832. [PMID: 38081977 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment modality for schizophrenia. However, its antipsychotic-like mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the antipsychotic-like actions of ECT, this study investigated how repeated treatments of electroconvulsive seizure (ECS), an animal model for ECT, affect the behavioral and transcriptomic profile of a neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia. METHODS Two injections of MK-801 or saline were administered to rats on postnatal day 7 (PN7), and either repeated ECS treatments (E10X) or sham shock was conducted daily from PN50 to PN59. Ultimately, the rats were divided into vehicle/sham (V/S), MK-801/sham (M/S), vehicle/ECS (V/E), and MK-801/ECS (M/E) groups. On PN59, prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity were tested. Prefrontal cortex transcriptomes were analyzed with mRNA sequencing and network and pathway analyses, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were subsequently conducted. RESULTS Prepulse inhibition deficit was induced by MK-801 and normalized by E10X. In M/S vs. M/E model, Egr1, Mmp9, and S100a6 were identified as center genes, and interleukin-17 (IL-17), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were identified as the three most relevant pathways. In the V/E vs. V/S model, mitophagy, NF-κB, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways were identified. qPCR analyses demonstrated that Igfbp6, Btf3, Cox6a2, and H2az1 were downregulated in M/S and upregulated in M/E. CONCLUSIONS E10X reverses the behavioral changes induced by MK-801 and produces transcriptional changes in inflammatory, insulin, and mitophagy pathways, which provide mechanistic insight into the antipsychotic-like mechanism of ECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoo Huh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuree Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Geun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- RexSoft Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salmani N, Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Parvan M, Nozari M. Effects of Nicotine Administration in an Enriched Environment on the Behavior of Male MK-801-Exposed Rats. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:260-265. [PMID: 38322486 PMCID: PMC10843354 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Smoking is more common in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy populations. Some controversial hypotheses connect the disease with the high prevalence of smoking. Moreover, environmental factors affect the severity of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The current study aimed to assess the effect of enriched environment (EE) and nicotine on the MK-801 animal model of schizophrenia. Methods Male Wistar rat pups randomly received saline or MK-801 (dose:1 mg/kg) for five days from the sixth postnatal day (P) until the tenth. The pups were placed in EE or standard cages (SCs) after weaning (P21). Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory. The rats received 0.6 mg/kg nicotine twice for three days at the end of the second month and were examined in an open-field box and three-chamber social interaction test. Findings MK-801 rats' behaviors were the same as those of the saline rats when they were exposed to nicotine. No positive effects of EE were observed when the animals were exposed to nicotine. Conclusion The results suggested that nicotine decreased schizophrenia-like symptoms and covered the positive effects of EE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Salmani
- Department of Psychology, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Parvan
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su T, Lu Y, Fu C, Geng Y, Chen Y. GluN2A mediates ketamine-induced rapid antidepressant-like responses. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1751-1761. [PMID: 37709995 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine was thought to induce rapid antidepressant responses by inhibiting GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs), which presents a promising opportunity to develop better antidepressants. However, adverse side effects limit the broader application of ketamine and GluN2B inhibitors are yet to be approved for clinical use. It is unclear whether ketamine acts solely through GluN2B-dependent mechanisms. The present study reports that the loss of another major NMDAR subunit, GluN2A, in adult mouse brains elicits robust antidepressant-like responses with limited impact on the behaviors that mimic the psychomimetic effects of ketamine. The antidepressant-like behavioral effects of broad NMDAR channel blockers, such as ketamine and MK-801 (dizocilpine), were mediated by the suppression of GluN2A, but not by the inhibition of GluN2B. Moreover, treatment with ketamine or MK-801 rapidly increased the intrinsic excitability of hippocampal principal neurons through GluN2A, but not GluN2B. Together, these findings indicate that GluN2A mediates ketamine-triggered rapid antidepressant-like responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Synphatec (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Synphatec (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaki S, DeRosa H, Timmerman B, Brummelte S, Hunter RG, Kentner AC. Developmental Manipulation-Induced Changes in Cognitive Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:241-289. [PMID: 36029460 PMCID: PMC9971379 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with as-yet no identified cause. The use of animals has been critical to teasing apart the potential individual and intersecting roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of schizophrenia. One way to recreate in animals the cognitive impairments seen in people with schizophrenia is to disrupt the prenatal or neonatal environment of laboratory rodent offspring. This approach can result in congruent perturbations in brain physiology, learning, memory, attention, and sensorimotor domains. Experimental designs utilizing such animal models have led to a greatly improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that could underlie the etiology and symptomology of schizophrenia, although there is still more to be discovered. The implementation of the Research and Domain Criterion (RDoC) has been critical in taking a more comprehensive approach to determining neural mechanisms underlying abnormal behavior in people with schizophrenia through its transdiagnostic approach toward targeting mechanisms rather than focusing on symptoms. Here, we describe several neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia using an RDoC perspective approach. The implementation of animal models, combined with an RDoC framework, will bolster schizophrenia research leading to more targeted and likely effective therapeutic interventions resulting in better patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahith Kaki
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly DeRosa
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Timmerman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohammadian F, Golitabari N, Abedi A, Saadati H, Milan HS, Salari AA, Amani M. Early life GABA A blockade alters the synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions in male and female rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174992. [PMID: 35513017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in adults, has a critical contribution to balanced excitatory-inhibitory networks in the brain. Alteration in depolarizing action of GABA during early life is connected to a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, the effects of postnatal GABA blockade on neuronal synaptic plasticity are not known and therefore, we set out to determine whether postnatal exposure to bicuculline, a competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors, affects electrophysiologic changes in hippocampal CA1 neurons later on. To this end, male and female Wistar rats received vehicle or bicuculline (300 μg/kg) on postnatal days (PNDs) 7, 9 and 11, and then underwent different behavioral and electrophysiological examinations in adulthood. Postnatal exposure to bicuculline did not affect basic synaptic transmission but led to a pronounced decrease in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Bicuculline treatment also attenuated the long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of CA1 neurons accompanied by decreased theta-burst responses in male and female adult rats. These electrophysiology findings together with the reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex reliably explain the disturbance in spatial reference and working memories of bicuculline-treated animals. This study suggests that postnatal GABAA blockade deteriorates short- and long-term synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons and related encoding of spatial memory in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nastaran Golitabari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Saadati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Postnatal GABAA Receptor Activation Alters Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition in Adult Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3585-3599. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Miller-Rhodes P, Piazza N, Mattle A, Teboul E, Ehmann M, Morris-Schaffer K, Markowski VP. Sex-specific behavioral impairments produced by neonatal exposure to MK-801 are partially reversed by adolescent CDPPB treatment. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 89:107053. [PMID: 34826568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychomimetic behaviors manifest in adult rodents long after neonatal exposure to the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. In the present study, we used this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia to evaluate the therapeutic potential of positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) during adolescence. To this end, we randomly assigned male and female C57BL6 mouse littermates to one of three treatment groups: (i) neonatal and adolescent saline, (ii) neonatal MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg) and adolescent saline, and (iii) neonatal MK-801 and adolescent CDPPB (10 mg/kg), a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5. When animals reached adulthood, a wide range of behavioral tests were conducted including sucrose preference, anxiety assessment in the elevated plus maze, and a series of food-reinforced operant procedures meant to assess motor activity, motivation, learning, and attention. Neonatal MK-801 exposure produced profound motor hyperactivity in both sexes and attenuated sucrose preference in males, effects that were reversed by CDPPB. MK-801 produced other deficits such as impaired set shifting or response inhibition deficits that were not reversed by CDPPB. Overall, female mice were more susceptible to MK-801's behavioral effects than males. These findings further support the use of neonatal MK-801 exposure as an animal model of schizophrenia and suggest that CDPPB can reverse the neurodevelopmental progression of some schizophrenia-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Miller-Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Nadine Piazza
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Anna Mattle
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Eric Teboul
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Megan Ehmann
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Golitabari N, Mohammadian F, Salari AA, Amani M. Neonatal NMDA blockade alters the LTP, LTD and cognitive functions in male and female Wistar rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108896. [PMID: 34822815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that neonatal blockade of NMDA receptors by phencyclidine (PCP) is associated with cognitive impairment in adulthood but little is known about the effects of early life PCP treatment on synaptic function later in life. Here, we sought to determine whether early life exposure to PCP alters the electrophysiologic function of hippocampal CA1 neurons in adult rats. To this end, male and female Wistar rats received either saline or PCP (10 mg/kg) on postnatal days (PND) 7, 9, and 11, and then underwent separate behavioral and electrophysiology tests in adulthood. Neonatal PCP treatment did not alter basic synaptic transmission and had only a modest effect on frequency following (FF) capacity but significantly decreased the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) in the Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 pathway. We found that PCP treatment significantly attenuated the long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in CA1 neurons accompanied by pronounced alteration in complex response profile in adult rats. The electrophysiology data were comparable in male and female rats and reliably associated with impaired spatial reference and working memories in these animals. Overall, this study suggests that blockade of NMDA receptors during early life deteriorates the short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity and complex response profile of CA1 neurons in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Golitabari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Forouzan Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Griego E, Hernández-Frausto M, Márquez LA, Lara-Valderrabano L, López Rubalcava C, Galván EJ. Activation of D1/D5 Receptors Ameliorates Decreased Intrinsic Excitability of Hippocampal Neurons Induced by Neonatal Blockade of NMDA Receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1695-1715. [PMID: 34791647 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission combined with transient hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is a key mechanism that may underlie cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Therefore, we aimed to identify electrophysiologic alterations in animals neonatally treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 or with saline solution. KEY RESULTS Patch-clamp whole-cell recordings from MK-801-treated animals revealed altered passive and active electrophysiologic properties compared with CA1 pyramidal cells from saline-treated animals, including upregulation of the K+ inward-rectifier conductance and fast-inactivating and slow/non-inactivating K+ currents. Upregulation of these membrane ionic currents reduced the overall excitability and altered the firing properties of CA1 pyramidal cells. We also explored the capability of cells treated with MK-801 to express intrinsic excitability potentiation, a non-synaptic form of hippocampal plasticity associated with cognition and memory formation. CA1 pyramidal cells from animals treated with MK-801 were unable to convey intrinsic excitability potentiation and had blunted synaptic potentiation. Furthermore, MK-801-treated animals also exhibited reduced cognitive performance in the Barnes maze task. Notably, activation of D1/D5 receptors with SKF-38, 393 partially restored electrophysiologic alterations caused by neonatal treatment with MK-801. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results offer a molecular and mechanistic explanation based on dysregulation of glutamatergic in addition to dopaminergic transmission that may contribute to the understanding of the cognitive deterioration associated with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Melissa Hernández-Frausto
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis A Márquez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Leonardo Lara-Valderrabano
- Current address: A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carolina López Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang H, Zheng S, Chen M, Xie L, Li Z, Guo M, Wang J, Lu M, Zhu X. The potential of the P2X7 receptor as a therapeutic target in a sub-chronic PCP-induced rodent model of schizophrenia. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101993. [PMID: 34147620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the role of the P2X7 receptor on cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of schizophrenia. METHODS An adult mouse model was established by treatment with phencyclidine (PCP), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Young mice were divided into three groups: 1) the control (saline-injected) group; 2) experimental 5 mg/kg PCP-injected group; and 3) experimental 10 mg/kg PCP-injected group. The mice were subjected to the open-field and Morris water maze tests at 7 weeks. After intraperitoneal injection of the P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567, the behaviour tests were performed again. Samples were taken after testing. The P2X7 receptor protein and mRNA expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and PCR. RESULTS This study revealed that the infant sub-chronic PCP mice model showed severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze and schizophrenia-like symptoms (hypermotor behaviour) in the open-field test. The P2X7 receptor protein was highly expressed in the sub-chronic PCP mouse model and more highly expressed in the hippocampus than the prefrontal lobe. After the P2X7 receptor was blocked with JNJ-47965567, P2X7 receptor protein and mRNA expression in the frontal lobe were significantly increased, and the spatial memory impairment and hypermotor behaviour induced by PCP were reversed. CONCLUSION PCP-induced cognitive impairment can be significantly improved by antagonizing the P2X7 receptor. Therefore, we believe that the P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the cognition of schizophrenic-like mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Guo
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingwei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliation Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Hu Y, Liu W, Ma Y, Chen X, Xue T, Cui D. Molecular Basis of GABA Hypofunction in Adolescent Schizophrenia-Like Animals. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9983438. [PMID: 33936193 PMCID: PMC8062182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9983438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction appears centrally involved. Schizophrenia typically emerges in adolescence or early adulthood. Electrophysiological and several neurochemical changes have linked the GABA deficits to abnormal behaviors induced by NMDAR hypofunction. However, few studies have systematically investigated the molecular basis of GABA deficits, especially during adolescence. To address this issue, we transiently administrated MK-801 to mice on PND 10, which exhibited schizophrenia-relevant deficits in adolescence. Slice recording showed reduced GABA transmission and PVI+ hypofunction, indicating GABAergic hypofunction. Cortical proteomic evaluation combined with analysis of single cell data from the Allen Brain showed that various metabolic processes were enriched in top ranks and differentially altered in excitatory neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and glial cells. Notably, the GABA-related amino acid metabolic process was disturbed in both astrocytes and interneurons, in which we found a downregulated set of GABA-related proteins (GAD65, SYNPR, DBI, GAT3, SN1, and CPT1A). They synergistically regulate GABA synthesis, release, reuptake, and replenishment. Their downregulation indicates impaired GABA cycle and homeostasis regulated by interneuron-astrocyte communication in adolescence. Our findings on molecular basis of GABA deficits could provide potential drug targets of GABAergic rescue for early prevention and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Shenzhi Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Shenzhi Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun XJ, Zhao X, Xie JN, Wan H. Crocin alleviates schizophrenia-like symptoms in rats by upregulating silent information regulator-1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 103:152209. [PMID: 33045669 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neonatal rats, MK-801 treatments can produce schizophrenia-like symptoms. Crocin is a water soluble carotenoid in Saffron that exerts potent neuroprotective effects. This work aimed to demonstrate the function of crocin in the alleviation of motor and cognitive impairments elicited by MK-801 in a neonatal rodent schizophrenia model, and to illustrate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Rats were treated with vehicle, MK-801 (1 mg/kg), MK-801 + 25 mg/kg crocin, or MK-801 + 50 mg/kg crocin. Motor learning and coordination, locomotion and exploratory activities, as well as spatial memory were assessed using the rotarod test, pen field test, and the Morris water maze test, respectively. Relative mRNA and protein levels of genes of interest were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. RESULTS In the hippocampus of rats with MK-801-elicited schizophrenia, administration of crocin elevated the expression of silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and relieved the oxidative stress. The learning deficits and motor perturbations caused by MK-801 treatments were also alleviated by the crocin administration. CONCLUSION Collectively, crocin has exerted neuroprotective effects in the rat model of MK-801-elicited schizophrenia, via regulations of SIRT1 and downstream BDNF expression in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Juan Sun
- Open Mental Department of Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, No. 299 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Open Mental Department of Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, No. 299 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Jun-Ning Xie
- Open Mental Department of Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, No. 299 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Open Mental Department of Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, No. 299 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Niu J, Cao Y, Ji Y. Resveratrol, a SIRT1 Activator, Ameliorates MK-801-Induced Cognitive and Motor Impairments in a Neonatal Rat Model of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:716. [PMID: 32793005 PMCID: PMC7393240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neonatal rats, MK-801 treatment generates schizophrenia-like symptoms. Resveratrol (RSV) is a phenolic compound and a potent neuroprotective agent. This research aimed to illustrate the effect of RSV on the amelioration of MK-801-induced cognitive and motor impairments in a neonatal rat schizophrenia model and the related potential molecular changes. METHODS Rats were administrated with MK-801, MK-801 + RSV (40 mg/kg), or MK-801 + RSV (80 mg/kg). Motor learning, coordination, locomotor and exploratory activity, and spatial memory were measured by rotarod test, pen field test, and Morris water maze test. Relative protein levels were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA. mRNA levels were shown by qRT-PCR. RESULTS In the hippocampus of MK-801-induced schizophrenia rat model, RSV enhanced silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and alleviated oxidative stress. Motor perturbations and learning impairments by MK-801 treatment were ameliorated by the administration of RSV. CONCLUSION In conclusion, RSV showed neuroprotective effect on MK-801-induced schizophrenia rat model through regulating SIRT1 and downstream BDNF expression in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Niu
- Psychological Clinic, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuquan Cao
- Rizhao Mental Health Center, Rizhao, China
| | - Yongjuan Ji
- Department of Mental Health, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez-Pinteño A, García-Cerro S, Mas S, Torres T, Boloc D, Rodríguez N, Lafuente A, Gassó P, Arnaiz JA, Parellada E. The positive allosteric modulator of the mGlu2 receptor JNJ-46356479 partially improves neuropathological deficits and schizophrenia-like behaviors in a postnatal ketamine mice model. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126:8-18. [PMID: 32407891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics have limited efficacy in controlling cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Glutamatergic dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SZ, based on the capacity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine (KET) to induce SZ-like behaviors. This could be related to their putative neuropathological effect on gamma-aminobutyric (GABAergic) interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), which would lead to a hyperglutamatergic condition. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) negatively modulates glutamate release and has been considered a potential clinical target for novel antipsychotics drugs. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of JNJ-46356479 (JNJ), a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the mGluR2, in reversing neuropathological and behavioral deficits induced in a postnatal KET mice model of SZ. These animals presented impaired spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, suggesting deficits in spatial working memory, and a decrease in social motivation and memory, assessed in both the Three-Chamber and the Five Trial Social Memory tests. Interestingly, JNJ treatment of adult mice partially reversed these deficits. Mice treated with KET also showed a reduction in PV+ in the mPFC and dentate gyrus together with an increase in c-Fos expression in this hippocampal area. Compared to the control group, mice treated with KET + JNJ showed a similar PV density and c-Fos activity pattern. Our results suggest that pharmacological treatment with a PAM of the mGluR2 such as JNJ could help improve cognitive and negative symptoms related to SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Teresa Torres
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Boloc
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amalia Lafuente
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Arnaiz
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Barcelona, Spain; The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Parellada
- The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The protective effects of Mogroside V and its metabolite 11-oxo-mogrol of intestinal microbiota against MK801-induced neuronal damages. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1011-1026. [PMID: 31900523 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal models, notably with non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, are commonly used to investigate the mechanisms of schizophrenia and to pursue its mechanism-related drug discoveries. OBJECTIVES In the current study, we have extensively examined the protective effects of MogrosideV (MogV), a plant-derived three terpene glucoside known to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated its protective effects against neuronal damages elicited by MK-801 treatment. Our behavioral experimental results showed that MK-801-induced PPI deficits and social withdrawal were prevented by MogV treatment. Moreover, the cellular and neurochemical responses of MK-801 in medial prefrontal cortical cortex (mPFC) were also ameliorated by MogV treatment. Also, profiling metabolites assay through artificial intestinal microbiota was performed to identify bioactive components of MogV. An in vitro study of primary neuronal culture demonstrated that MogV and its metabolite 11-oxo-mogrol treatment prevented the MK-801-induced neuronal damages through the mechanisms of promoting neurite outgrowth, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and [Ca2+]i release. Additionally, 11-oxo-mogrol reversed inactivation of phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR induced by MK801. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest therapeutic potential of MogV for schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohammadi S, Asadi-Shekaari M, Basiri M, Parvan M, Shabani M, Nozari M. Improvement of autistic-like behaviors in adult rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid through early suppression of NMDA receptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:199-208. [PMID: 31595334 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by social deficits, repetitive/stereotypic activity, and impaired verbal and nonverbal communication and is commonly diagnosed at early stages of life. Based on the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, some recent animal experiments have reported amelioration in autistic-like phenotypes in adult animals following acute treatment of NMDA antagonists. However, we suggested the neonatal period as a critical period for NMDA antagonist intervention. OBJECTIVES This experiment was designed to determine the role of postnatal MK-801, an NMDA receptor blocker, in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. METHODS The model of autism was induced by subcutaneous administration of valproic acid (600 mg/kg) to pregnant rats at gestational day 12.5. The effects of MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg, from postnatal day 6-10) in correcting ASD-associated behaviors in male offspring were assessed by open-field, three-chambered social interaction tests. Moreover, the nociceptive threshold was measured by tail flick and hot plate. Behavioral tests were performed on PND 55-60. Nissl staining was performed to confirm the safety of 0.03 mg/kg MK-801 for the brain. RESULTS We reported that MK-801 rescued social deficits, repetitive behaviors (self-grooming), anxiety-related behavior, and the low nociceptive threshold in the VPA-treated rats. Further, histological examination showed that there were no significant differences among all the groups in terms of the neuronal survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that postnatal low-dose MK-801 improved ASD-associated behaviors in the VPA-treated rats and that early exposure to NMDA antagonist resulted in permanent changes in adult behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Parvan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Murueta-Goyena A, Ortuzar N, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Enriched Environment Reverts Somatostatin Interneuron Loss in MK-801 Model of Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:125-134. [PMID: 31506899 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the inhibitory drive has been proposed to be a central mechanism to explain symptoms and pathophysiological hallmarks in schizophrenia. A number of recent neuroanatomical studies suggest that certain types of inhibitory cells are deficient in schizophrenia, including somatostatin-immunoreactive interneurons (SST+). The present study sought to use stereological methods to investigate whether the number of SST+ interneurons decreased after repeated injections of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) and to determine the effect of limited exposure to an enriched environment (EE) in adult life on this sub-population of inhibitory cells. Considering that somatostatin expression is highly dependent on neurotrophic support, we explored the changes in the relative expression of proteins related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tyrosine kinase B (BDNF-TrkB) signaling between the experimental groups. We observed that early-life MK-801 treatment significantly decreased the number of SST+ interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) of adult Long Evans rats. Contrarily, short-term exposure to EE increased the number of SST+ interneurons in MK-801-injected animals, except in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, whereas this increase was not observed in vehicle-injected rats. We also found upregulated BDNF-TrkB signaling after EE that triggered an increase in the pERK/ERK ratio in mPFC and HPC, and the pAkt/Akt ratio in HPC. Thus, the present results support the notion that SST+ interneurons are markedly affected after early-life NMDAR blockade and that EE promotes SST+ interneuron expression, which is partly mediated through the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. These results may have important implications for schizophrenia, as SST+ interneuron loss is also observed in the MK-801 pre-clinical model, and its expression can be rescued by non-pharmacological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Naiara Ortuzar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghotbi Ravandi S, Shabani M, Bashiri H, Saeedi Goraghani M, Khodamoradi M, Nozari M. Ameliorating effects of berberine on MK-801-induced cognitive and motor impairments in a neonatal rat model of schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:151-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Behavioural effects of inhalation exposure to dizocilpine (MK-801) in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109038. [PMID: 31177060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of brain disorders and the difficulty of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain remain major obstacles in the research and development of new therapeutic methods for brain disorders. Therefore, delivering existing therapeutic agents to the central nervous system is expected to provide benefits in various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether inhaled central nervous system drugs reached the brain and affected mouse behaviour. Dizocilpine (MK-801), which increases locomotor activity in mice, was mainly used to study this hypothesis. First, we administered MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, to mice via inhalation and examined whether it induced excessive activity similar to that observed after intraperitoneal administration. We also examined the time- and dose-dependency of drug induced changes in mouse behaviour after MK-801 inhalation. Next, we investigated whether inhalation of scopolamine, pentobarbital, and imipramine also affected mouse behaviour. Mice that inhaled MK-801 showed MK-801-induced hyperactivity similar to that observed following intraperitoneal administration. Furthermore, the extent of activity changed in a time- and dose-dependent manner after MK-801 inhalation. Inhalation of pentobarbital, scopolamine, and imipramine also changed mouse behaviour. These results demonstrate that inhalation of MK-801 exerts effects similar to those achieved with intraperitoneal and oral administration in mice. Thus, central nervous system agonists can reach the brain efficiently via inhalation. This finding may facilitate the development of improved therapies for brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama 701-0193, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Short-Term Exposure to Enriched Environment in Adult Rats Restores MK-801-Induced Cognitive Deficits and GABAergic Interneuron Immunoreactivity Loss. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:26-41. [PMID: 28822057 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in rodents emulate some cognitive impairments and neurochemical alterations, such as decreased GABAergic (gamma aminobutyric acid) interneuron immunoreactivity, also found in schizophrenia. These features are pervasive, and developing neuroprotective or neurorestorative strategies is of special interest. In this work, we aimed to investigate if a short exposure to enriched environment (EE) in early adulthood (P55-P73) was an effective strategy to improve cognitive dysfunction and to restore interneuron expression in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). For that purpose, we administered MK-801 intraperitoneally to Long Evans rats from postnatal days 10 to 20. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, MK-801 produced a transient decrease in spontaneous motor activity and exploration, but those abnormalities were absent at P24 and P55. The open field test on P73 manifested that EE reduced anxiety-like behavior. In addition, MK-801-treated rats showed cognitive impairment in novel object recognition test that was reversed by EE. We quantified different interneuron populations based on their calcium-binding protein expression (parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, and neuronal nuclei-positive cells by means of unbiased stereology and found that EE enhanced interneuron immunoreactivity up to normal values in MK-801-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that a timely intervention with EE is a powerful tool to reverse long-lasting changes in cognition and neurochemical markers of interneurons in an animal model of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
21
|
Faatehi M, Basiri M, Nezhadi A, Shabani M, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Soltani Z, Nozari M. Early enriched environment prevents cognitive impairment in an animal model of schizophrenia induced by MK-801: Role of hippocampal BDNF. Brain Res 2019; 1711:115-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Saeedi Goraghani M, Ahmadi - Zeidabadi M, Bakhshaei S, Shabani M, Ghotbi Ravandi S, Rezaei − Zarchi S, Nozari M. Behavioral consequences of simultaneous postnatal exposure to MK-801 and static magnetic field in male Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
23
|
Murueta-Goyena A, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Gutiérrez-Ceballos A, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Effects of adult enriched environment on cognition, hippocampal-prefrontal plasticity and NMDAR subunit expression in MK-801-induced schizophrenia model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:590-600. [PMID: 30926324 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by psychosis, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Cognitive deficits are enduring and represent the most disabling symptom but are currently poorly treated. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been notably successful in explaining the pathophysiological findings and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Thereby, NMDAR blockade in rodents represents a useful tool to identify new therapeutic approaches. In this regard, enriched environment (EE) could play an essential role. Using a multilevel approach of behavior, electrophysiology and protein analysis, we showed that a short-term exposure to EE in adulthood ameliorated spatial learning and object-place associative memory impairment observed in postnatally MK-801-treated Long Evans rats. Moreover, EE in adult life restored long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal-medial prefrontal pathway abolished by MK-801 treatment. EE in adulthood also induced a set of modifications in the expression of proteins related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the neurobiological effects of EE to reverse the actions of MK-801 and offer a preclinical testing of a therapeutic strategy that may be remarkably effective for managing cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Ugedo
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bygrave AM, Kilonzo K, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Can N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Schizophrenia Be Localized to an Individual Cell Type? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31824347 PMCID: PMC6881463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs), whether caused by endogenous factors like auto-antibodies or mutations, or by pharmacological or genetic manipulations, produces a wide variety of deficits which overlap with-but do not precisely match-the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia. In order to understand how NMDAR hypofunction leads to different components of the syndrome, it is necessary to take into account which neuronal subtypes are particularly affected by it in terms of detrimental functional alterations. We provide a comprehensive overview detailing findings in rodent models with cell type-specific knockout of NMDARs. Regarding inhibitory cortical cells, an emerging model suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons is a potential risk factor for this disease. PV interneurons display a selective vulnerability resulting from a combination of genetic, cellular, and environmental factors that produce pathological multi-level positive feedback loops. Central to this are two antioxidant mechanisms-NMDAR activity and perineuronal nets-which are themselves impaired by oxidative stress, amplifying disinhibition. However, NMDAR hypofunction in excitatory pyramidal cells also produces a range of schizophrenia-related deficits, in particular maladaptive learning and memory recall. Furthermore, NMDAR blockade in the thalamus disturbs thalamocortical communication, and NMDAR ablation in dopaminergic neurons may provoke over-generalization in associative learning, which could relate to the positive symptom domain. Therefore, NMDAR hypofunction can produce schizophrenia-related effects through an action on various different circuits and cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao J, Liu X, Huo C, Zhao T, Ye H. Abnormalities in Prefrontal Cortical Gene Expression Profiles Relevant to Schizophrenia in MK-801-Exposed C57BL/6 Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 390:60-78. [PMID: 30102956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, disturbs NMDAR function in rodents and induces psychological and behavioral changes similar to schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the effects of MK-801 treatment on gene expression are largely unknown. Here we performed RNA-sequencing on the prefrontal cortex of MK-801-exposed male mice in order to analyze gene expression and co-expression patterns related to SCZ and to identify mechanisms that underlie the molecular etiology of this disorder. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were more often associated with biological processes that included postsynaptic transmission, immune system process, response to external stimulus and hemostasis. In order to extract comprehensive biological information, we used an approach for biclustering, called FABIA, to simultaneously cluster transcriptomic data across genes and conditions. When combined with analyses using DAVID and STRING databases, we found that co-expression patterns were altered in synapse-related genes and genes central to the mitochondrial network. Abnormal co-expression of genes mediating synaptic vesicle cycling could disturb release, uptake and reuptake of glutamate, and the perturbation in co-expression patterns for mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was extensive. Our study supports the hypothesis that research using MK-801-exposed male mice as an animal model of SCZ offers important insights into the pathogenesis of SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunyue Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Uttl L, Petrasek T, Sengul H, Svojanovska M, Lobellova V, Vales K, Radostova D, Tsenov G, Kubova H, Mikulecka A, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Chronic MK-801 Application in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Spatial Working Memory Deficit in Adult Long-Evans Rats But No Changes in the Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunits. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:42. [PMID: 29487522 PMCID: PMC5816576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NMDA receptors in learning, memory and hippocampal function has long been recognized. Post-mortem studies have indicated that the expression or subunit composition of the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype might be related to the impaired cognitive functions found in schizophrenia patients. NMDA receptor antagonists have been used to develop animal models of this disorder. There is accumulating evidence showing that not only the acute but also the chronic application of NMDA receptor antagonists may induce schizophrenia-like alterations in behavior and brain functions. However, limited evidence is available regarding the consequences of NMDA receptor blockage during periods of adolescence and early adulthood. This study tested the hypothesis that a 2-week treatment of male Long-Evans and Wistar rats with dizocilpine (MK-801; 0.5 mg/kg daily) starting at postnatal days (PD) 30 and 60 would cause a long-term cognitive deficit and changes in the levels of NMDA receptor subunits. The working memory version of the Morris water maze (MWM) and active place avoidance with reversal on a rotating arena (Carousel) requiring cognitive coordination and flexibility probed cognitive functions and an elevated-plus maze (EPM) was used to measure anxiety-like behavior. The western blot method was used to determine changes in NMDA receptor subunit levels in the hippocampus. Our results showed no significant changes in behaviors in Wistar rats. Slightly elevated anxiety-like behavior was observed in the EPM in Long-Evans rats with the onset of treatment on PD 30. Furthermore, Long-Evans rats treated from PD 60 displayed impaired working memory in the MWM. There were; however, no significant changes in the levels of NMDA receptor subunits because of MK-801 administration. These findings suggest that a 2-week treatment starting on PD 60 in Long-Evans rats leads to long-term changes in working memory, but this deficit is not paralleled by changes in NMDA receptor subunits. These results support the face validity, but not construct validity of this model. We suggest that chronic treatment of adolescent and adult rats does not constitute a plausible animal model of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Uttl
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hilal Sengul
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marketa Svojanovska
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Lobellova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Radostova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Grygoriy Tsenov
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Kubova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Mikulecka
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the prepulse inhibition paradigms for studying schizophrenia: pharmacology, neurodevelopment, and genetics. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:13-27. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
An examination of the roles of glutamate and sex in latent inhibition: Relevance to the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28623767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of the glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801, the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and sexual dimorphism on latent inhibition to elucidate the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. During the pre-exposure phase, 56 male and 65 female Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly administered normal saline, MK-801 or NMDA, in the left ventricle and then exposed to a passive avoidance box (or a different context) in three trials over 3 days. Then, all of the rats were placed in the light compartment of the passive avoidance box and were allowed to enter the dark compartment, where they each received a footshock (1mA, 2s) in five trials over 5 days. Injections of the glutamate drugs NMDA and MK-801 did not affect latent inhibition. Sexual dimorphism did not occur in latent inhibition. The present data on the male rats indicated that the glutamate system did not affect latent inhibition, indicating that the glutamate system was not like the dopamine system in terms of mediating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The glutamate system might be involved in the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. The results may provide information for novel treatments of the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
29
|
mTOR inhibitor reverses autistic-like social deficit behaviours in adult rats with both Tsc2 haploinsufficiency and developmental status epilepticus. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:455-463. [PMID: 27263037 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and complicates clinical manifestations and management of ASD significantly. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), caused by TSC1 or TSC2 mutations, is one of the medical conditions most commonly associated with ASD and has become an important model to examine molecular pathways associated with ASD. Previous research showed reversal of autism-like social deficits in Tsc1 +/- and Tsc2 +/- mouse models by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. However, at least 70 % of individuals with TSC also have epilepsy, known to complicate the severity and treatment responsiveness of the behavioural phenotype. No previous study has examined the impact of seizures on neurocognitive reversal by mTOR inhibitors. Adult Tsc2 +/- (Eker)-rats express social deficits similar to Tsc2 +/- mice, with additive social deficits from developmental status epilepticus (DSE). DSE was induced by intraperitoneal injection with kainic acid at post-natal days P7 and P14 (n = 12). The experimental group that modelled TSC pathology carried the Tsc2 +/- (Eker)-mutation and was challenged with DSE. The wild-type controls had not received DSE (n = 10). Four-month-old animals were analysed for social behaviour (T1), then treated three times during 1 week with 1 mg/kg everolimus and finally retested in the post-treatment behavioural analysis (T2). In the experimental group, both social interaction and social cognition were impaired at T1. After treatment at T2, behaviour in the experimental group was indistinguishable from controls. The mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, reversed social deficit behaviours in the Tsc2 haploinsufficiency plus DSE animal model to control levels.
Collapse
|
30
|
Perez-Rando M, Castillo-Gómez E, Guirado R, Blasco-Ibañez JM, Crespo C, Varea E, Nacher J. NMDA Receptors Regulate the Structural Plasticity of Spines and Axonal Boutons in Hippocampal Interneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:166. [PMID: 28659763 PMCID: PMC5466979 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are present in both pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the hippocampus. These receptors play an important role in the adult structural plasticity of excitatory neurons, but their impact on the remodeling of interneurons is unknown. Among hippocampal interneurons, somatostatin-expressing cells located in the stratum oriens are of special interest because of their functional importance and structural characteristics: they display dendritic spines, which change density in response to different stimuli. In order to understand the role of NMDARs on the structural plasticity of these interneurons, we have injected acutely MK-801, an NMDAR antagonist, to adult mice which constitutively express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in these cells. We have behaviorally tested the animals, confirming effects of the drug on locomotion and anxiety-related behaviors. NMDARs were expressed in the somata and dendritic spines of somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Twenty-four hours after the injection, the density of spines did not vary, but we found a significant increase in the density of their en passant boutons (EPB). We have also used entorhino-hippocampal organotypic cultures to study these interneurons in real-time. There was a rapid decrease in the apparition rate of spines after MK-801 administration, which persisted for 24 h and returned to basal levels afterwards. A similar reversible decrease was detected in spine density. Our results show that both spines and axons of interneurons can undergo remodeling and highlight NMDARs as regulators of this plasticity. These results are specially relevant given the importance of all these players on hippocampal physiology and the etiopathology of certain psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - José Miguel Blasco-Ibañez
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de ValènciaValència, Spain.,CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental HealthMadrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA)València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Inta D, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Gass P. Microglia Activation and Schizophrenia: Lessons From the Effects of Minocycline on Postnatal Neurogenesis, Neuronal Survival and Synaptic Pruning. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:493-496. [PMID: 27352782 PMCID: PMC5464012 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia, sustained by recent genetic evidence, represents one of the most exciting topics in schizophrenia research. Drugs which inhibit microglia activation, especially the classical tetracycline antibiotic minocycline are currently under investigation as alternative antipsychotics. However, recent studies demonstrated that microglia activation is not only a hallmark of neuroinflammation, but plays important roles during brain development. Inhibition of microglia activation by minocycline was shown to induce extensive neuronal cell death and to impair subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and synaptic pruning in the early postnatal and adolescent rodent brain, respectively. These deleterious effects contrast with the neuroprotective actions of minocycline at adult stages. They are of potential importance for schizophrenia, since minocycline triggers similar pro-apoptotic effects in the developing brain as NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, known to induce long-term schizophrenia-like abnormalities. Moreover, altered postnatal neurogenesis, recently described in the human striatum, was proposed to induce striatal dopamine dysregulation associated with schizophrenia. Finally, the effect of minocycline on synapse remodeling is of interest considering the recently reported strong genetic association of the pruning-regulating complement factor gene C4A with schizophrenia. This raises the exciting possibility that in conditions of hyperactive synaptic pruning, as supposed in schizophrenia, the inhibitory action of minocycline turns into a beneficial effect, with relevance for early therapeutic interventions. Altogether, these data support a differential view on microglia activation and its inhibition. Further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of these results for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the use of minocycline as antipsychotic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany;,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nakazawa K, Jeevakumar V, Nakao K. Spatial and temporal boundaries of NMDA receptor hypofunction leading to schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28560253 PMCID: PMC5441533 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-016-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction is one of the most prevalent models of schizophrenia. For example, healthy subjects treated with uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists elicit positive, negative, and cognitive-like symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, which is likely caused by autoantibody-mediated down-regulation of cell surface N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, often experience psychiatric symptoms similar to schizophrenia initially. However, where and when N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction occurs in the brain of schizophrenic patients is poorly understood. Here we review the findings from N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and autoantibody models, postmortem studies on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits, as well as the global and cell-type-specific knockout mouse models of subunit GluN1. We compare various conditional GluN1 knockout mouse strains, focusing on the onset of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor deletion and on the cortical cell-types. Based on these results, we hypothesize that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction initially occurs in cortical GABAergic neurons during early postnatal development. The resulting GABA neuron maturation deficit may cause reduction of intrinsic excitability and GABA release, leading to disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. The cortical disinhibition in turn could elicit glutamate spillover and subsequent homeostatic down regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function in pyramidal neurons in prodromal stage. These two temporally-distinct N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunctions may be complimentary, as neither alone may not be able to fully explain the entire schizophrenia pathophysiology. Potential underlying mechanisms for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction in cortical GABA neurons are also discussed, based on studies of naturally-occurring N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, neuregulin/ErbB4 signaling pathway, and theoretical analysis of excitatory/inhibitory balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Vivek Jeevakumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yates JR, Rogers KK, Gunkel BT, Prior NA, Hughes MN, Sharpe SM, Campbell HL, Johnson AB, Keller MG, Breitenstein KA, Shults HN. Effects of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists on sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude and delayed reinforcement in a delay-discounting task in rats: Contribution of delay presentation order. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:29-33. [PMID: 28088471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) blockade has been shown to decrease impulsive choice, as measured in delay discounting. However, several variables are known to influence an animal's discounting, including sensitivity to delayed reinforcement and sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude. The goal of this experiment was to determine the effects of mGluR1, as well as mGluR5, antagonism on these parameters. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were trained in delay discounting, in which consistently choosing a small, immediate reward reflects impulsive choice. For half of the rats, the delay to the large reinforcer increased across blocks of trials, whereas the delay decreased across the session for half of the rats. Following training, half of the rats received injections of the mGluR1 antagonist JNJ 16259685 (JNJ; 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0mg/kg; i.p), and half received injections of the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP (0, 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0mg/kg; i.p.). Administration of JNJ increased sensitivity to delayed reinforcement (i.e., promoted impulsive choice), regardless of which schedule was used. However, the order in which delays were presented modulated the effects of JNJ on sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude. Specifically, JNJ decreased sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude in rats trained on the descending schedule only. MPEP did not alter sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude or sensitivity to delayed reinforcement. These results show that mGluR1 is an important mediator of impulsive choice, and they provide further evidence that delay order presentation is an important variable that influences drug effects in delay discounting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Yates
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin T Gunkel
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Nicholas A Prior
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Mallory N Hughes
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Sara M Sharpe
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Hunter L Campbell
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Anthony B Johnson
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | - Margaret G Keller
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| | | | - Hansen N Shults
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu D, Wang H, Wu J, Wang Q, Xu L, Zhao Y, Pang K, Shi Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Sun J. Postnatal Administration of Dizocilpine Inhibits Neuronal Excitability in PFC and Induces Social Deficits Detected by MiceProfiler. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8152-8161. [PMID: 27896651 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with social deficit as its core component of negative symptoms, which could be induced in rodents by dizocilpine (MK-801), a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. NMDA receptors are highly expressed during the postnatal period. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of postnatal MK-801 administration on social interaction. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postnatal administration of MK-801 on social interaction and explored the possible mechanisms. Postnatal day-7 mice were intraperitoneally injected with MK-801 twice daily for 5 days, and their social interaction repertoire was monitored by a computerized video in the 10th week. The contact event, relative position event, stop-state, and dynamic event were analyzed with MiceProfiler automatic idTracker system. The results showed that MK-801 reduced the number of the contact events, relative position events, and stop-states, while increased the number and duration of dynamic events. These changes implied that MK-801-injected mice had indifference and lower motivation in social interaction and could be a useful model for studies on the social deficit of schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex is the key region for social interaction behaviors. Slice patch clamp was performed to analyze the cellular excitability of prefrontal cortical neurons after postnatal treatment with MK-801 in mice. The results demonstrated that MK-801 injection reduced the frequency and amplitude of action potentials, but increased the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These data illustrated that the excitability of neurons in the prefrontal cortex was inhibited. Finally, immunoblotting data demonstrated that MK-801 significantly decreased the levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-PKB) in the prefrontal cortex (both P < 0.05). Taken together, our results indicated that administration of MK-801 to postnatal mice induces social interaction deficits possibly due to inhibiting the neuronal excitability and decreasing the levels of SIRT1 and p-PKB in the prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kunkun Pang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inta I, Vogt MA, Vogel AS, Bettendorf M, Gass P, Inta D. Minocycline exacerbates apoptotic neurodegeneration induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in the early postnatal mouse brain. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:673-7. [PMID: 26482736 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists induce in perinatal rodent cortical apoptosis and protracted schizophrenia-like alterations ameliorated by antipsychotic treatment. The broad-spectrum antibiotic minocycline elicits antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. Here we tested, if minocycline protects also against apoptosis triggered by the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 at postnatal day 7. Surprisingly, minocycline induced widespread cortical apoptosis and exacerbated MK-801-triggered cell death. In some areas such as the subiculum, the pro-apoptotic effect of minocycline was even more pronounced than that elicited by MK-801. These data reveal among antipsychotics unique pro-apoptotic properties of minocycline, raising concerns regarding consequences for brain development and the use in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Inta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne S Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bettendorf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu ZM, Ding Y, Jia HX, Li L. Different effects of isolation-rearing and neonatal MK-801 treatment on attentional modulations of prepulse inhibition of startle in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3089-102. [PMID: 27370017 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONAL Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is suppression of the startle reflex by a weaker sensory stimulus (prepulse) preceding the startling stimulus. In people with schizophrenia, impairment of attentional modulation of PPI, but not impairment of baseline PPI, is correlated with symptom severity. In rats, both fear conditioning of prepulse and perceptually spatial separation between the conditioned prepulse and a noise masker enhance PPI (the paradigms of attentional modulation of PPI). OBJECTIVES As a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, isolation rearing impairs both baseline PPI and attentional modulations of PPI in rats. This study examined in Sprague-Dawley male rats whether neonatally blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors specifically affects attentional modulations of PPI during adulthood. RESULTS Both socially reared rats with neonatal exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and isolation-reared rats exhibited augmented startle responses, but only isolation rearing impaired baseline PPI. Fear conditioning of the prepulse enhanced PPI in socially reared rats, but MK-801-treated rats lost the prepulse feature specificity. Perceptually spatial separation between the conditioned prepulse and a noise masker further enhanced PPI only in normally reared rats. Clozapine administration during adulthood generally weakened startle, enhanced baseline PPI in neonatally interrupted rats, and restored the fear conditioning-induced PPI enhancement in isolation-reared rats with a loss of the prepulse feature specificity. Clozapine administration also abolished both the perceptual separation-induced PPI enhancement in normally reared rats and the fear conditioning-induced PPI enhancement in MK-801-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Isolation rearing impairs both baseline PPI and attentional modulations of PPI, but neonatally disrupting NMDA receptor-mediated transmissions specifically impair attentional modulations of PPI. Clozapine has limited alleviating effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Meng Wu
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mental Disorders, Center of Schizophrenia,Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China. .,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rahati M, Nozari M, Eslami H, Shabani M, Basiri M. Effects of enriched environment on alterations in the prefrontal cortex GFAP- and S100B-immunopositive astrocytes and behavioral deficits in MK-801-treated rats. Neuroscience 2016; 326:105-116. [PMID: 27063100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have indicated that enriched environment (EE) paradigm provokes plastic and morphological changes in astrocytes with accompanying increments of their density and positively affects the behavior of rodents. We also previously documented that EE could be employed to preclude several behavioral abnormalities, mainly cognitive deficits, attributed to postnatal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801) treatment, as a rodent model of schizophrenia (SCH) aspects. Given this, the current study quantitatively investigated the number of cells, presumed to be astrocytes, expressing two astroglia-associated proteins (S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) by immunohistochemistry in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), along with anxiety and passive avoidance (PA) learning behaviors by utilizing elevated plus maze (EPM) and shuttle-box tests, in MK-801-treated male wistar rats submitted to EE and non-EE rats. Following a treatment regime of sub-chronic MK-801 (1.0mg/kg i.p. daily for five consecutive days from postnatal day (P) 6), S-100B-positive cells and anxiety level were markedly increased, while the GFAP-positive cells and PA learning were notably attenuated. The trend of diminished GFAP-immunopositive cells and elevated S100B-immunostained cells in the PFC was reversed in the SCH-like rats by exposure of animals to EE, commencing from birth up to the time of experiments on P28-85. Additionally, EE exhibited an ameliorating effect on the behavioral abnormalities evoked by MK-801. Overall, present findings support that improper astrocyte functioning and behavioral changes, reminiscent of the many facets of SCH, occur consequential to repetitive administration of MK-801 and that raising rat pups in an EE mitigates these alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rahati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Nozari
- Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Basiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pınar N, Akillioglu K, Sefil F, Alp H, Sagir M, Acet A. Effect of clozapine on locomotor activity and anxiety-related behavior in the neonatal mice administered MK-801. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:74-9. [PMID: 26295298 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics have been used to treat fear and anxiety disturbance that are highly common in schizophrenic patients. It is suggested that disruptions of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated transmission of glutamate may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of clozapine on the anxiety-related behavior and locomotor function of the adult brain, which had previously undergone NMDA receptor blockade during a developmental period. In order to block the NMDA receptor, male mice were administered 0.25 mg/kg of MK-801 on days 7 to 10 postnatal. In adulthood, they were administered intraperitoneally 0.5 mg/kg of clozapine and tested with open-field and elevated plus maze test, to assess their emotional behavior and locomotor activity. In the group receiving MK-801 in the early developmental period the elevated plus maze test revealed a reduction in the anxiety-related behavior (p<0.05), while the open-field test indicated a decrease in locomotor activity (p<0.01). Despite these reductions, clozapine could not reverse the NMDA receptor blockade. Also, as an atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine could not reverse impairment in the locomotor activity and anxiety-related behavior, induced by administration of the MK-801 in neonatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Pınar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Célia Moreira Borella V, Seeman MV, Carneiro Cordeiro R, Vieira dos Santos J, Romário Matos de Souza M, Nunes de Sousa Fernandes E, Santos Monte A, Maria Mendes Vasconcelos S, Quinn JP, de Lucena DF, Carvalho AF, Macêdo D. Gender and estrous cycle influences on behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adult rats neonatally administered ketamine. Dev Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26215537 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in rodents triggers schizophrenia (SCZ)-like alterations during adult life. SCZ is influenced by gender in age of onset, premorbid functioning, and course. Estrogen, the hormone potentially driving the gender differences in SCZ, is known to present neuroprotective effects such as regulate oxidative pathways and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if differences in gender and/or estrous cycle phase during adulthood would influence the development of behavioral and neurochemical alterations in animals neonatally administered ketamine. The results showed that ketamine-treated male (KT-male) and female-in-diestrus (KTF-diestrus, the low estrogen phase) presented significant deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and spatial working memory, two behavioral SCZ endophenotypes. On the contrary, female ketamine-treated rats during proestrus (KTF-proestrus, the high estradiol phase) had no behavioral alterations. This correlated with an oxidative imbalance in the hippocampus (HC) of both male and KTF-diestrus female rats, that is, decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite. Similarly, BDNF was decreased in the KTF-diestrus rats while no alterations were observed in KTF-proestrus and male animals. The changes in the HC were in contrast to those in the prefrontal cortex in which only increased levels of nitrite in all groups studied were observed. Thus, there is a gender difference in the adult rat HC in response to ketamine neonatal administration, which is based on the estrous cycle. This is discussed in relation to neuropsychiatric conditions and in particular SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vládia Célia Moreira Borella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafaela Carneiro Cordeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Júnia Vieira dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Romário Matos de Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ethel Nunes de Sousa Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos Monte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David F de Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Postnatal MK-801 treatment of female rats impairs acquisition of working memory, but not reference memory in an eight-arm radial maze; no beneficial effects of enriched environment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2541-50. [PMID: 25743756 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Memory impairment has been documented in MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) model of schizophrenia, but less is known on the rescue and/or differential effects of MK-801 on short- and long-term memories. OBJECTIVES We determined the effects of MK-801 treatment and/or enriched environment (EE) on acquisition of reference and working memory in developing rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats were injected with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) from postnatal days (P) 6-10. Task acquisition, working memory error (WME), and reference memory error (RME) were assessed in an eight-arm radial maze task. Behavioral performance of rats was also tested in an open field test before (P35-P40) and after (P65-P70) radial maze training to assess anxiety and locomotion. EE was applied from birth up to the end of experiments. RESULTS MK-801 treatment did not influence task acquisition in the radial maze; however, by the end of training, MK-801-treated rats made significantly more WME, but not RME, compared to control rats. Ratio of WME to total error was also significantly higher in MK-801 group. EE prevented MK-801-associated behaviors in the open field but did not exert beneficial effects on working memory deficit in the radial maze task. EE per se affected behavioral performance of rats only in the open field test. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postnatal MK-801 treatment differentially affects working and reference memory in a young brain. Anxiety and hyperactivity associated with MK-801 are observed more severely in adulthood. Dissociation of the positive effects of EE may suggest selective modification of distinct pathways.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bloch K, Gil-Ad I, Tarasenko I, Vanichkin A, Taler M, Hornfeld SH, Vardi P, Weizman A. Intracranial pancreatic islet transplantation increases islet hormone expression in the rat brain and attenuates behavioral dysfunctions induced by MK-801 (dizocilpine). Horm Behav 2015; 72:1-11. [PMID: 25943974 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of rodents with non-competitive antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, MK-801 (dizocilpine), induces symptoms of psychosis, deficits in spatial memory and impairment of synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have suggested that insulin administration might attenuate the cognitive dysfunctions through the modulatory effect on the expression of NMDA receptors and on the brain insulin signaling. Intrahepatic pancreatic islet transplantation is known as an efficient tool for correcting impaired insulin signaling. We examined the capacity of syngeneic islets grafted into the cranial subarachnoid cavity to attenuate behavioral dysfunctions in rats exposed to MK-801. Animals were examined in the open field (OF) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests following acute or subchronic administration of MK-801. We found well-vascularized grafted islets expressing insulin, glucagon and somatostatin onto the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex. Significantly higher levels of insulin were detected in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of transplanted animals compared to the non-transplanted rats. All animals expressed normal peripheral glucose homeostasis for two months after transplantation. OF tests revealed that rats exposed to MK-801 treatment, showed hyper-responsiveness in motility parameters and augmented center field exploration compared to intact controls and these effects were attenuated by the grafted islets. Moreover, in the MWM, the rats treated with MK-801 showed impairment of spatial memory that were partially corrected by the grafted islets. In conclusion, intracranial islet transplantation leads to the expression of islet hormones in the brain and attenuates behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions in rats exposed to MK-801 administration without altering the peripheral glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Bloch
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Irit Gil-Ad
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Igor Tarasenko
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexey Vanichkin
- Laboratory of Transplantation, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Taler
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shay Henry Hornfeld
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Pnina Vardi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel; Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Latent inhibition in rats neonatally treated chronically with MK-801: Differential effects on conditioned taste aversion and conditioned emotional response. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Nozari M, Shabani M, Hadadi M, Atapour N. Enriched environment prevents cognitive and motor deficits associated with postnatal MK-801 treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4361-70. [PMID: 24770628 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of enriched environment (EE) in rescuing behavioral deficits such as pre-pulse inhibition and locomotor hyperactivity associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade; however, cognitive deficits remain unresponsive. OBJECTIVES We designed experiments to determine the consequences of raising rat pups in an EE on several behavioral aberrations, mainly cognitive deficits, observed in rats postnatally exposed to MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist). METHODS Male Wistar rats were injected with MK-801 (1 mg/kg) from postnatal day (P) 6-10. Rat pups were housed in an EE from birth up to the time of behavioral experiments at P28-34. The effects of EE in correcting MK-801-associated behaviors were assessed by rotarod, wire grip, open filed, and Morris water maze tests. RESULTS We found that EE not only has beneficial effects on cognitive performance of normal rats but also prevents spatial learning and memory deficits in Morris water maze induced by MK-801. Postnatal MK-801 treatment also led to motor deficits both in wire grip and accelerating rotarod tests. These deficits were not observed in MK-801-treated rats raised in EE. In the open field test, EE prevented increase in "frequency of grooming" and decrease in "time spent in the center" associated with MK-801. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that exposure to an EE would be strongly beneficial in correcting deficits, notably cognitive, associated with MK-801. Given that the postnatal MK-801 treatment represents an animal model of schizophrenia, we propose timely environmental interventions might be an effective strategy in the protection against schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nozari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jones KS, Corbin JG, Huntsman MM. Neonatal NMDA receptor blockade disrupts spike timing and glutamatergic synapses in fast spiking interneurons in a NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109303. [PMID: 25290690 PMCID: PMC4188593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of parvalbumin-positive, fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) is considered a primary contributor to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ), but deficits in FSI physiology have not been explicitly characterized. We show for the first time, that a widely-employed model of schizophrenia minimizes first spike latency and increases GluN2B-mediated current in neocortical FSIs. The reduction in FSI first-spike latency coincides with reduced expression of the Kv1.1 potassium channel subunit which provides a biophysical explanation for the abnormal spiking behavior. Similarly, the increase in NMDA current coincides with enhanced expression of the GluN2B NMDA receptor subunit, specifically in FSIs. In this study mice were treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, during the first week of life. During adolescence, we detected reduced spike latency and increased GluN2B-mediated NMDA current in FSIs, which suggests transient disruption of NMDA signaling during neonatal development exerts lasting changes in the cellular and synaptic physiology of neocortical FSIs. Overall, we propose these physiological disturbances represent a general impairment to the physiological maturation of FSIs which may contribute to schizophrenia-like behaviors produced by this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Jones
- Biology Department, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Joshua G. Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Molly M. Huntsman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Involvement of the CA1 GABAA receptors in MK-801-induced anxiolytic-like effects. Behav Pharmacol 2014; 25:197-205. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
46
|
Age and activation determines the anticonvulsant effect of ifenprodil in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 387:753-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Daya R, Bhandari J, Hui P, Tian Y, Farncombe T, Mishra R. Effects of MK-801 treatment across several pre-clinical analyses including a novel assessment of brain metabolic function utilizing PET and CT fused imaging in live rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 77:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
48
|
Su YA, Huang RH, Wang XD, Li JT, Si TM. Impaired working memory by repeated neonatal MK-801 treatment is ameliorated by galantamine in adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 725:32-9. [PMID: 24440172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early life blockade of the NMDA receptor by using MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, induces behavioral changes that mimic several features of schizophrenia. In the current study, we first examined the effects of neonatal MK-801 treatment in male Sprague-Dawley rats on locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition and spatial working memory in adolescence (postnatal day 35, PND35) and adulthood (PND63). Next, we investigated the effects of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine, on working memory deficits induced by MK-801 treatment. Rats were treated with either saline or MK-801 (0.25mg/kg twice daily) at PND 5-14, and the long-term behavioral effects were investigated. MK-801 treated rats showed moderate working memory impairments in adolescence but a pronounced deficit in adulthood. However, locomotion and prepulse inhibition at two life stages were not affected by this treatment. Systemic administration of galantamine (1mg/kg) 30 min before each training session significantly improved neonatal MK-801-induced working memory deficits in adulthood. In conclusion, these results suggest that the neonatal MK-801 treatment-induced selective working memory deficit is related to a change in brain cholinergic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ai Su
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Run-Hu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gilabert-Juan J, Belles M, Saez AR, Carceller H, Zamarbide-Fores S, Moltó MD, Nacher J. A “double hit” murine model for schizophrenia shows alterations in the structure and neurochemistry of the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:126-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
50
|
Zhao YY, Li JT, Wang XD, Li YH, Huang RH, Su YA, Si TM. Neonatal MK-801 treatment differentially alters the effect of adolescent or adult MK-801 challenge on locomotion and PPI in male and female rats. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27:845-53. [PMID: 23863926 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113497613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder and is typically "triggered" by subsequent insults in life. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) induces locomotor hyperactivity and prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, which can mimic the schizophrenia phenotype. In this experiment, we assessed whether neonatal exposure to MK-801 (postnatal days 5-14) could induce sensitization to both hyperactivity and PPI deficit caused by later-life acute MK-801 treatment during adolescence or adulthood. Our results showed that the hyperactivity induced by an acute MK-801 challenge was enhanced in male and female rats after neonatal MK-801 treatment. Notably, in the PPI test, adult female rats neonatally exposed to MK-801 exhibited a significantly greater reduction in PPI in response to acute MK-801 administration, whereas male rats receiving neonatal MK-801 treatment expressed attenuated PPI disruption in adulthood. Our data indicate that a combination of neonatal and later-life NMDA receptor blockades could induce sensitization in the locomotor activity of both sexes in adolescence and adulthood. In addition, a sex difference was observed in the effects of this treatment regime on PPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|