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Patel BK, Patel KH, Lee CN, Moochhala S. Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10076. [PMID: 39337561 PMCID: PMC11432184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota's role as a primary determinant of athletes' health, which has piqued interest in the hypothesis that it correlates with athletes' physical performance. Athletes' physical performances could be impacted by the metabolic activity of the assortment of microbes found in their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets of an athlete's physiology, including immune response, gut membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, and the gut-brain axis. Several physiological variables govern the gut microbiota; hence, an intricately tailored and complex framework must be implemented to comprehend the performance-microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and physical fitness, revealing that athletes who engage in regular physical activity exhibit a richer diversity of gut microbes, particularly within the Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared to their sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, it is challenging to implement an unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding an athlete to accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles the research on the effects of gut microbiota modulation on performance in sports and illustrates how different supplementation strategies for gut microbiota have the ability to improve athletic performance by enhancing physical capacities. In addition to promoting athletes' overall health, this study evaluates the existing literature in an effort to shed light on how interventions involving the gut microbiota can dramatically improve performance on the field. The findings should inform both theoretical and practical developments in the fields of sports nutrition and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Kadamb Haribhai Patel
- Temasek Polytechnic, School of Applied Sciences, 21 Tampines Ave 1, Singapore 529757, Singapore;
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Chojnacki J, Popławski T, Kaczka A, Romanowska N, Chojnacki C, Gąsiorowska A. Assessment of Urinary Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolites in Relation to Dysbiosis Indicators in Patients with Functional Constipation. Nutrients 2024; 16:2981. [PMID: 39275296 PMCID: PMC11397005 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causes of functional constipation (FC) in adults are unclear, but changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between urinary metabolites of dopamine and serotonin and some dysbiosis indicators in patients with FC. The study included 40 healthy women and 40 women with FC aged 21-46 years. METHODS Urinary levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydoxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PhAc), and 3-indoxyl sulfate, as final metabolites of dopamine, serotonin, and indole pathway, respectively, were determined using the LC-Ms/Ms method. However, hydrogen-methane and ammonia breath tests were performed. The GA-map Dysbiosis Test was used to identify and characterize the dysbiosis index (DI). RESULTS In patients with FC, the DI was significantly higher than in the control group: 4.05 ± 0.53 vs. 1.52 ± 0.81 points (p < 0.001), but the number of many types of bacteria varied among individuals. The levels of HVA were higher, while 5-HIAA levels were lower in patients. Moreover, the HVA/5-HIAA ratio had a positive correlation with DI as well as with the severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In patients with functional constipation, the balance in dopamine and serotonin secretion is disturbed, which is associated with changes in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Popławski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kaczka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Romanowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Gąsiorowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Wong LC, Hsu CJ, Wu YT, Chu HF, Lin JH, Wang HP, Hu SC, Tsai YC, Tsai WC, Lee WT. Investigating the impact of probiotic on neurological outcomes in Rett syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:2267-2281. [PMID: 38361371 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Rett syndrome often involves gastrointestinal symptoms and gut microbiota imbalances. We conducted a study to explore the feasibility of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 and the impact on neurological functions in Rett syndrome. The results of our investigation demonstrated that the supplementation of probiotic L. plantarum PS128 was feasible and well tolerated, with 100% retention rate and 0% withdrawal rate. In addition, there was only one participant who had loose stool after taking L. plantarum PS128. Further, there was a tendency to enhance overall cognitive developmental level, as assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning. In addition, it significantly improved dystonia, as assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Movement Scale, in comparison with the placebo group. This study provides a strong foundation for future research and clinical trials exploring the potential of L. plantarum PS128 probiotics as a complementary therapy for individuals with Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chin Wong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Chu
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital YunLin Branch, YunLin, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ching Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Di Chiano M, Sallustio F, Fiocco D, Rocchetti MT, Spano G, Pontrelli P, Moschetta A, Gesualdo L, Gadaleta RM, Gallone A. Psychobiotic Properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9489. [PMID: 39273435 PMCID: PMC11394828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are the main cause of cognitive and physical disabilities, affect millions of people worldwide, and their incidence is on the rise. Emerging evidence pinpoints a disturbance of the communication of the gut-brain axis, and in particular to gut microbial dysbiosis, as one of the contributors to the pathogenesis of these diseases. In fact, dysbiosis has been associated with neuro-inflammatory processes, hyperactivation of the neuronal immune system, impaired cognitive functions, aging, depression, sleeping disorders, and anxiety. With the rapid advance in metagenomics, metabolomics, and big data analysis, together with a multidisciplinary approach, a new horizon has just emerged in the fields of translational neurodegenerative disease. In fact, recent studies focusing on taxonomic profiling and leaky gut in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders are not only shedding light on an overlooked field but are also creating opportunities for biomarker discovery and development of new therapeutic and adjuvant strategies to treat these disorders. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LBP) strains are emerging as promising psychobiotics for the treatment of these diseases. In fact, LBP strains are able to promote eubiosis, increase the enrichment of bacteria producing beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, boost the production of neurotransmitters, and support the homeostasis of the gut-brain axis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders with a particular focus on the benefits of LBP strains in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, anxiety, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Di Chiano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food Natural Science Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro n. 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro n. 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Gallone
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Jing JQ, Jia SJ, Yang CJ. Physical activity promotes brain development through serotonin during early childhood. Neuroscience 2024; 554:34-42. [PMID: 39004411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood serves as a critical period for neural development and skill acquisition when children are extremely susceptible to the external environment and experience. As a crucial experiential stimulus, physical activity is believed to produce a series of positive effects on brain development, such as cognitive function, social-emotional abilities, and psychological well-being. The World Health Organization recommends that children engage in sufficient daily physical activity, which has already been strongly advocated in the practice of preschool education. However, the mechanisms by which physical activity promotes brain development are still unclear. The role of neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, in promoting brain development through physical activity has received increasing attention. Physical activity has been shown to stimulate the secretion of serotonin by increasing the bioavailability of free tryptophan and enriching the diversity of gut microbiota. Due to its important role in modulating neuronal proliferation, differentiation, synaptic morphogenesis, and synaptic transmission, serotonin can regulate children's explicit cognitive and social interaction behavior in the early stages of life. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin emerges as a pivotal transmitter that mediates the relationship between physical activity and brain development during early childhood. Further systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to specifically explore whether the type, intensity, dosage, duration, and degree of voluntariness of PA may affect the role of serotonin in the relationship between physical activity and brain function. This review not only helps us understand the impact of exercise on development but also provides a solid theoretical basis for increasing physical activity during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Jing
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Jia
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Lin SKK, Kuo PH, Hsu CY, Chiu YH, Chen CH. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in patients with major depressive disorder: an eight-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 101:104210. [PMID: 39232392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder, potentially linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Probiotics like Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) may improve depressive symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota based on our previous open trial. We conducted an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the impact of PS128 on depression severity, markers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the gut microbiota composition in 32 patients with MDD with stable antidepressant treatment but moderate symptom severity. Following the 8-week intervention, both the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score (HAMD), and Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS) showed a significant decrease in both groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the change of depression severity between groups (p=0.203). Moreover, alterations in serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein, as well as changes in the gut microbiota composition, did not exhibit significant differences before and after intervention or between the groups. In comparison to the placebo group, our study did not find significant effects of PS128 on depressive symptoms, biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability, and the overall gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, we observed a potential impact of PS128 on the symbiosis of specific taxa. To comprehensively understand the psychophysiological effects of PS128 in patients with MDD, further research with a larger sample size is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Kevin Lin
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yueh Hsu
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chiu
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Chen CY, Wang YF, Lei L, Zhang Y. Impacts of microbiota and its metabolites through gut-brain axis on pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Life Sci 2024; 351:122815. [PMID: 38866215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and disability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. That's why a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of MDD pathology is an urgent task, and some studies have found that intestinal symptoms accompany people with MDD. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, which was found to have a strong association with the pathogenesis of MDD. Previous studies have focused more on the communication between the gut and the brain through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and autonomic pathways, and the role of gut microbes and their metabolites in depression is unclear. Metabolites of intestinal microorganisms (e.g., tryptophan, kynurenic acid, indole, and lipopolysaccharide) can participate in the pathogenesis of MDD through immune and inflammatory pathways or by altering the permeability of the gut and blood-brain barrier. In addition, intestinal microbes can communicate with intestinal neurons and glial cells to affect the integrity and function of intestinal nerves. However, the specific role of gut microbes and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of MDD is not well understood. Hence, the present review summarizes how gut microbes and their metabolites are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ya Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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8
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He G, Long H, He J, Zhu C. The Immunomodulatory Effects and Applications of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Vaccine Development. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10338-9. [PMID: 39101975 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) is a lactic acid bacterium that exists in various niches. L. plantarum is a food-grade microorganism that is commonly considered a safe and beneficial microorganism. It is widely used in food fermentation, agricultural enhancement, and environmental protection. L. plantarum is also part of the normal flora that can regulate the intestinal microflora and promote intestinal health. Some strains of L. plantarum are powerful probiotics that induce and modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. Due to its outstanding immunoregulatory capacities, an increasing number of studies have examined the use of probiotic L. plantarum strains as natural immune adjuvants or alternative live vaccine carriers. The present review summarizes the main immunomodulatory characteristics of L. plantarum and discusses the preliminary immunological effects of L. plantarum as a vaccine adjuvant and delivery carrier. Different methods for improving the immune capacities of recombinant vector vaccines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiting He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Huanbing Long
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarong He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Dhyani P, Goyal C, Dhull SB, Chauhan AK, Singh Saharan B, Harshita, Duhan JS, Goksen G. Psychobiotics for Mitigation of Neuro-Degenerative Diseases: Recent Advancements. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300461. [PMID: 37715243 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is inevitable and poses a universal challenge for all living organisms, including humans. The human body experiences rapid cell division and metabolism until approximately 25 years of age, after which the accumulation of metabolic by-products and cellular damage leads to age-related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are of concern due to their irreversible nature, lack of effective treatment, and impact on society and the economy. Researchers are interested in finding drugs that can effectively alleviate ageing and age-related diseases without side-effects. Psychobiotics are a novel class of probiotic organisms and prebiotic interventions that confer mental health benefits to the host when taken appropriately. Psychobiotic strains affect functions related to the central nervous system (CNS) and behaviors mediated by the Gut-Brain-Axis (GBA) through various pathways. There is an increasing interest in researchers of these microbial-based psychopharmaceuticals. Psychobiotics have been reported to reduce neuronal ageing, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cortisol levels; increase synaptic plasticity and levels of neurotransmitters and antioxidants. The present review focuses on the manifestation of elderly neurodegenerative and mental disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and depression, and the current status of their potential alleviation through psychobiotic interventions, highlighting their possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dhyani
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varansi, 121005, India
| | - Chhaya Goyal
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varansi, 121005, India
| | - Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, India
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varansi, 121005, India
| | - Baljeet Singh Saharan
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India
| | - Harshita
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus, Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33100, Türkiye
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Wang X, Zhou J, Jiang T, Xu J. Deciphering the therapeutic potential of SheXiangXinTongNing: Interplay between gut microbiota and brain metabolomics in a CUMS mice model, with a focus on tryptophan metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155584. [PMID: 38704913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a prevalent and multifaceted mental disorder, has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its escalating prevalence and heightened risk of severe suicidality. Given its profound impact, the imperative for preventing and intervening in depression is paramount. Substantial evidence underscores intricate connections between depression and cardiovascular health. SheXiangXinTongNing (XTN), a recognized traditional Chinese medicine for treating Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), prompted our exploration into its antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms. In this investigation, we assessed XTN's antidepressant potential using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model and behavioral tests. Employing network pharmacology, we delved into the intricate mechanisms at play. We characterized the microbial composition and function in CUMS mice, both with and without XTN treatment, utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis. The joint analysis of these results via Cytoscape identified pivotal metabolic pathways. In the realm of network pharmacology, XTN administration exhibited antidepressant effects by modulating pathways such as IL-17, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, calcium, and dopamine synapse signaling pathways. Our findings revealed that XTN significantly mitigated depression-like symptoms and cognitive deficits in CUMS mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation and pyroptosis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing unveiled that XTN increased the alpha-diversity and beta-diversity of the gut microbiome in CUMS mice. Metabolomics analysis identified brain metabolites crucial for distinguishing between the CUMS and CUMS+XTN groups, with a focus on pathways like Tryptophan metabolism and Linoleic acid metabolism. Notably, specific bacterial families, including Alloprevotella, Helicobacter, Allobaculum, and Clostridia, exhibited robust co-occurring relationships with brain tryptophan metabolomics, hinting at the potential mediating role of gut microbiome alterations and metabolites in the efficacy of XTN treatment. In conclusion, our study unveils modifications in microbial compositions and metabolic functions may be pivotal in understanding the response to XTN treatment, offering novel insights into the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianlin Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Benitez Del Castillo JM, Rolando M, Rescigno M, Messmer EM, Aragona P. How gut microbiota may impact ocular surface homeostasis and related disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101250. [PMID: 38460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the bacterial flora in the gut, also described as gut microbiota, are readily acknowledged to be associated with several systemic diseases, especially those with an inflammatory, neuronal, psychological or hormonal factor involved in the pathogenesis and/or the perception of the disease. Maintaining ocular surface homeostasis is also based on all these four factors, and there is accumulating evidence in the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and ocular surface diseases. The mechanisms involved are mostly interconnected due to the interaction of central and peripheral neuronal networks, inflammatory effectors and the hormonal system. A better understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis, and on the onset or persistence of ocular surface disorders could bring new insights and help elucidate the epidemiology and pathology of ocular surface dynamics in health and disease. Revealing the exact nature of these associations could be of paramount importance for developing a holistic approach using highly promising new therapeutic strategies targeting ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Départment, Hopital Bicetre, APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, IDMIT Infrastructure, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Hôpital National de la Vision des Quinze, Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jose M Benitez Del Castillo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Clínica Rementeria, Instituto Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, MI, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Sochacka K, Kotowska A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S. The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence. Nutrients 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38613071 PMCID: PMC11013804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sochacka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Agata Kotowska
- Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociological Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Yang H, Lan W, Luo C, Huang Q, Zhong Z, Yang J, Xiang H, Chen T, Tang Y. Lactobacillus plantarum 24-7 improves postoperative bloating and hard stools by modulating intestinal microbiota in patients with congenital heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:2090-2102. [PMID: 38304947 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05452g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are a common postoperative complication in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), affecting their postoperative recovery. Probiotic intervention may be a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum 24-7 (L. plantarum 24-7) in mitigating postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms and promoting patient recovery. Adult CHD patients scheduled for surgical intervention were recruited. One hundred and twenty patients were randomized and received L. plantarum or placebo intervention twice daily for ten days. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed utilizing the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Various postoperative variables were analyzed across both groups. Alterations in gut microbiota were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing. 112 patients completed the study, with 55 in the probiotic group and 57 in the placebo group. While the disparity in overall postoperative GSRS scores between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.067), marked differences were observed in bloating (P = 0.004) and hard stool (P = 0.030) scores. Furthermore, individuals within the probiotic group exhibited lower postoperative neutrophil counts (P = 0.007) and concurrently higher lymphocyte counts (P = 0.001). Variations in the diversity and composition of postoperative gut microbiota were discerned between the probiotic and placebo groups. Remarkably, no probiotic-related adverse events were documented. Supplementation with L. plantarum was well-tolerated and demonstrated partial efficacy in ameliorating gastrointestinal symptoms in postoperative CHD patients. Modulating the gut microbiota may be a potential mechanism by which L. plantarum exerts clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wanqi Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiwang Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juesheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Haiyan Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Akram N, Faisal Z, Irfan R, Shah YA, Batool SA, Zahid T, Zulfiqar A, Fatima A, Jahan Q, Tariq H, Saeed F, Ahmed A, Asghar A, Ateeq H, Afzaal M, Khan MR. Exploring the serotonin-probiotics-gut health axis: A review of current evidence and potential mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:694-706. [PMID: 38370053 PMCID: PMC10867509 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulatory effects of serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) have been seen in hepatic, neurological/psychiatric, and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to their host. Recent research has suggested that probiotics can promote serotonin signaling, a crucial pathway in the regulation of mood, cognition, and other physiological processes. Reviewing the literature, we find that peripheral serotonin increases nutrient uptake and storage, regulates the composition of the gut microbiota, and is involved in mediating neuronal disorders. This review explores the mechanisms underlying the probiotic-mediated increase in serotonin signaling, highlighting the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of serotonin production and the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors. Additionally, this review discusses the potential clinical implications of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with altered serotonin signaling, such as GI and neurological disorders. Overall, this review demonstrates the potential of probiotics as a promising avenue for the treatment of serotonin-related disorders and signaling of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akram
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zargham Faisal
- Department of Human NutritionBahauddin Zakariya University MultanMultanPakistan
| | - Rushba Irfan
- Faculty of Food Nutrition & Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural & Medical Science Research CenterUniversity of NizwaNizwaOman
| | - Syeda Ayesha Batool
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Toobaa Zahid
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Zulfiqar
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Areeja Fatima
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Qudsia Jahan
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hira Tariq
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
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Liang SC, Sun CK, Chang CH, Cheng YS, Tzang RF, Chiu HJ, Wang MY, Cheng YC, Hung KC. Therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e36. [PMID: 38268113 PMCID: PMC10897698 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic alternative for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear. AIMS To investigate the effectiveness of probiotics for symptoms of ADHD and identify possible factors affecting their efficacy. METHOD Randomised placebo-controlled trials were identified through searching major databases from inception to April 2023, using the main keywords 'probiotics' and 'ADHD' without limitation on languages or geographic locations. The outcome of interest included improvement in total symptoms of ADHD, symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and drop-out rate. Continuous and categorical data were expressed as effect sizes based on standardised mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Meta-analysis of seven trials involving 379 participants (mean age 10.37 years, range 4-18 years) showed no significant improvement in total symptoms of ADHD (SMD = 0.25; P = 0.12), symptoms of inattention (SMD = 0.14; P = 0.3) or hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = 0.08; P = 0.54) between the probiotic and placebo groups. Despite non-significance on subgroup analyses, there was a large difference in effect size between studies using probiotics as an adjunct to methylphenidate and those using probiotics as supplementation (SMD = 0.84 v. 0.07; P = 0.16), and a moderate difference in effect size between studies using multiple strains of probiotics and those using single-strain regimens (SMD = 0.45 v. 0.03; P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence shows no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between probiotics and placebos for treatment of ADHD symptoms. However, albeit statistically non-significant, higher therapeutic efficacies associated with multiple-strain probiotics or combining probiotics with methylphenidate may provide direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Liang
- Department of Management Center, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry Of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; Department of Center for General Education, University of Kun Shan, Taiwan; and Department of Optometry, University of Chung Hwa of Medical Technology, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Taiwan; and School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shian Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan
| | - Ruu-Fen Tzang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Jane Chiu
- Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan; and Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; and Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taiwan
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Cuciureanu DI, Bistriceanu CE, Vulpoi GA, Cuciureanu T, Antochi F, Roceanu AM. Migraine Comorbidities. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38255689 PMCID: PMC10820535 DOI: 10.3390/life14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel knowledge about the interrelationships and reciprocal effects of migraine and epilepsy, migraine and mood disorders, or migraine and irritable bowel syndrome has emerged in recent decades. Over time, comorbid pathologies associated with migraine that share common physiopathological mechanisms were studied. Among these studied pathologies is epilepsy, a disorder with common ion channel dysfunctions as well as dysfunctions in glutamatergic transmission. A high degree of neuronal excitement and ion channel abnormalities are associated with epilepsy and migraine and antiepileptic drugs are useful in treating both disorders. The coexistence of epilepsy and migraine may occur independently in the same individual or the two may be causally connected. The relationship between cortical spreading depression (CSD) and epileptic foci has been suggested by basic and clinical neuroscience research. The most relevant psychiatric comorbidities associated with migraine are anxiety and mood disorders, which influence its clinical course, treatment response, and clinical outcome. The association between migraine and major depressive disorder can be explained by a robust molecular genetic background. In addition to its role as a potent vasodilator, CGRP is also involved in the transmission of nociception, a phenomenon inevitably linked with the stress and anxiety caused by frequent migraine attacks. Another aspect is the role of gut microbiome in migraine's pathology and the gut-brain axis involvement. Irritable bowel syndrome patients are more likely to suffer migraines, according to other studies. There is no precise explanation for how the gut microbiota contributes to neurological disorders in general and migraines in particular. This study aims to show that migraines and comorbid conditions, such as epilepsy, microbiota, or mood disorders, can be connected from the bench to the bedside. It is likely that these comorbid migraine conditions with common pathophysiological mechanisms will have a significant impact on best treatment choices and may provide clues for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Iulian Cuciureanu
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Neurology Department I, “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Elena Bistriceanu
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Elytis Hospital Hope, 700010 Iasi, Romania
| | - Georgiana-Anca Vulpoi
- Neurology Department I, “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tudor Cuciureanu
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florina Antochi
- Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (A.-M.R.)
| | - Adina-Maria Roceanu
- Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (F.A.); (A.-M.R.)
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Yu CH, Lai CC, Chen JH, Chen IC, Tai HL, Fu SK. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on neuromuscular efficiency after a half-marathon. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254985. [PMID: 38098805 PMCID: PMC10720321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) could be considered an antioxidant supplement to reduce muscle fatigue and improve exercise capacity recovery after vigorous exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PS128 on muscle fatigue and electromyography (EMG) activity after a half-marathon (HM). Methods: The experimental design used a repeated-measures design with a double-blind approach. The participants either took two capsules of PS128 for 4 weeks as the PS128 group (PSG, n = 8) or took two capsules of a placebo for 4 weeks as the placebo group (PLG, n = 8) to ensure counterbalancing. The time points of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and EMG activity test were set before probiotics were taken (baseline), 48 h before HM (Pre), and immediately at 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after HM. Results: EMG activity included median power frequency (MDF), integrated EMG (iEMG), and neuromuscular efficiency (peak torque/iEMG). The MVICs of knee extensors, analyzed by using an isokinetic dynamometer, showed a decrease from the Pre to 0 h (p = 0.0001), 3 h (p < 0.0001), 24 h (p < 0.0001), 48 h (p < 0.0001), 72 h (p = 0.0002), and 96 h (p = 0.0408) time points in the PLG. Sidak's multiple comparisons tests showed that the PLG was significantly lower than the PSG at 0 h (p = 0.0173), 3 h (p < 0.0001), 24 h (p < 0.0001), 48 h (p < 0.0001), 72 h (p < 0.0001), and 96 h (p = 0.0004) time points. The MDF of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) in the PLG was significantly decreased 24 h after HM and significantly lower than that in the PSG at all times points after HM. The iEMG of VMO in the PLG was significantly decreased 48 h after HM and significantly lower than that in the PSG at 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after HM. Conclusion: The PS128 supplementation may prevent the decrease in MDF, iEMG, and peak torque after vigorous exercise. Recreational runners may consider implementing a probiotic supplementation regimen as a potential strategy to mitigate muscle fatigue following HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Yu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Office of Physical Education, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ling Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Education, College of Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Kai Fu
- Office of Physical Education, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Duarte Luiz J, Manassi C, Magnani M, Cruz AGD, Pimentel TC, Verruck S. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a promising adjuvant for neurological disorders therapy through the brain-gut axis and related action pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37950651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2280247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis in neurological disorders has highlighted the gut-microbiota-brain axis and psychobiotics and their ability to act on the brain-gut axis. Studying and discovering new approaches in therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders are strategies that have been discussed and put into practice. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacteria species with an extensive history of safe use whose action as a psychobiotic has been successfully explored. This review describes and discusses the mechanisms of action of L. plantarum and its potential for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. Randomized and controlled trials in humans or animals and using supplements based on different strains of L. plantarum were selected. The psychobiotic effect of L. plantarum has been shown, mainly through its action on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and regulation of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it could protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier and decrease inflammation, alleviating a series of symptoms of neurological diseases. The results showed improvements in cognitive function, memory, anxiety, hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), sleep quality, and growth stimulation of beneficial species of bacteria in the gut. Larger and deeper studies are needed to use psychobiotics to prevent and treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilaene Duarte Luiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Manassi
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Paraná (IFPR), Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Silvani Verruck
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Elhossiny RM, Elshahawy HH, Mohamed HM, Abdelmageed RI. Assessment of probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus LB supplementation as adjunctive management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:823. [PMID: 37946220 PMCID: PMC10636814 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to examine the possible efficacy of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus LB (Lacteol Fort) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology and evaluate its influence on cognition function. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 80 children and adolescents with ADHD diagnosis, aged 6-16 years, were included. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received probiotics plus atomoxetine, whereas the other group received atomoxetine only. ADHD symptomatology was assessed using the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Long Version (CPRS-R-L) and Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL/6-18). The participants were evaluated for their vigilance and executive function using Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST). Both groups were assessed at the beginning of the study and the end of the twelve weeks. RESULTS The probiotic group comprised 36 patients, whereas the control group comprised 40 patients in the final analysis after four patients dropped out of the trial. After 3 months of probiotic supplementation, a significant improvement in the CPRS-R-L and CBCL total T scores was observed compared with those in the control group (p = 0.032, 0.024, respectively). Additionally, the probiotic group demonstrated improved focus attention (target accuracy rate and omission errors;p = 0.02, 0.043, respectively) compared with the control group. An analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance demonstrated that the probiotic group had significantly lower perseverative (p = 0.017) and non-perseverative errors (p = 0.044) but no significant differences compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus acidophilus LB supplementation combined with atomoxetine for 3 months had a beneficial impact on ADHD symptomology and a favorable influence on cognitive performance. As a result, the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive treatment for managing ADHD may be promising. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04167995). Registration date: 19-11-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Elhossiny
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassya Square, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H Elshahawy
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Okasha Institue of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Mohamed
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassya Square, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham I Abdelmageed
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassya Square, Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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Berthouzoz E, Lazarevic V, Zekeridou A, Castro M, Debove I, Aybek S, Schrenzel J, Burkhard PR, Fleury V. Oral and intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:937-946. [PMID: 36934020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The suspicion of an origin of Parkinson's disease (PD) at the periphery of the body and the involvement of environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of PD have directed the attention of the scientific community towards the microbiota. The microbiota represents all the microorganisms residing both in and on a host. It plays an essential role in the physiological functioning of the host. In this article, we review the dysbiosis repeatedly demonstrated in PD and how it influences PD symptoms. Dysbiosis is associated with both motor and non-motor PD symptoms. In animal models, dysbiosis only promotes symptoms in individuals genetically susceptible to Parkinson's disease, suggesting that dysbiosis is a risk factor but not a cause of Parkinson's disease. We also review how dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of PD. Dysbiosis induces numerous and complex metabolic changes, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, local and systemic inflammation, production of bacterial amyloid proteins that promote α-synuclein aggregation, as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. In addition, we review how dysbiosis decreases the efficacy of dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss the interest of dysbiosis analysis as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we give an overview of how interventions modulating the gut microbiota such as dietary interventions, pro-biotics, intestinal decontamination and fecal microbiota transplantation could influence the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berthouzoz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - V Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - A Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Castro
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Debove
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Aybek
- Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Schrenzel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - P R Burkhard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - V Fleury
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Ke S, Hartmann J, Ressler KJ, Liu YY, Koenen KC. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:360-370. [PMID: 37689277 PMCID: PMC10591863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in some people following exposure to a terrifying or catastrophic event involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is a common and debilitating mental disorder that imposes a significant burden on individuals, their families, health services, and society. Moreover, PTSD is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, as well as premature mortality. Furthermore, PTSD is associated with dysregulated immune function. Despite the high prevalence of PTSD, the mechanisms underlying its etiology and manifestations remain poorly understood. Compelling evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in the development and function of the host nervous system, complex behaviors, and brain circuits. The gut microbiome may contribute to PTSD by influencing inflammation, stress responses, and neurotransmitter signaling, while bidirectional communication between the gut and brain involves mechanisms such as microbial metabolites, immune system activation, and the vagus nerve. In this literature review, we summarize recent findings on the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD in both human and animal studies. We discuss the methodological limitations of existing studies and suggest future research directions to further understand the role of the gut microbiome in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. WoeseInstitute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Kong XJ, Kang J, Liu K. Probiotic and intra-nasal oxytocin combination therapy on autonomic function and gut-brain axis signaling in young children and teens with autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:1-9. [PMID: 37639877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction has been widely studied in individuals with autism spectral disorder (ASD); however, the autonomic response to probiotic and oxytocin (OT) combination intervention has not yet been explored. We conducted the present study that includes 35 individuals with ASD aged 3-20 years to explore autonomic responses to daily Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic supplementation and OT nasal spray treatment both alone and in combination. We identified significant improvements in autonomic indices from subjects receiving combination treatment relative to those receiving placebo. Parameters that were observed to improve following combination treatment are time domain metrics of heart rate variability (HRV), including the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and proportion of the number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals that differ by more than 50ms (pNN50, p < 0.05). Furthermore, individuals that received either probiotics or OT alone demonstrated fewer changes in RMSSD, pNN50, and SDNN. Several parameters that demonstrated significant improvements in combination therapy were found to be correlated with baseline levels of OT (LF power: r = -0.86, p = 0.024; mean HR: r = 0.89, p = 0.012). Additionally, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) raw total scores (mean HR, r = 0.86, p = 0.024) and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) raw total scores (mean HR r = 0.94, p = 0.017) were correlated with mean heart rate (HR) and HRV-derived parameters. These results provide further evidence of synergy of probiotic and OT combination and help us gain a better understanding of the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD phenotypes and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Kong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jiayi Kang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Schell M, Wardelmann K, Hauffe R, Rath M, Chopra S, Kleinridders A. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Sex-Specifically Attenuates Depressive-like Behavior and Mitigates Metabolic Consequences in Obesity. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:651-662. [PMID: 37881580 PMCID: PMC10593880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased prevalence for emotional disorders compared with healthy humans, partially due to a shared pathogenesis including hormone resistance and inflammation, which is also linked to intestinal dysbiosis. The preventive intake of probiotic lactobacilli has been shown to improve dysbiosis along with mood and metabolism. Yet, a potential role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 0030) (LR) in improving emotional behavior in established obesity and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Methods Female and male C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD) (45% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks, followed by daily oral gavage of vehicle or 1 × 108 colony-forming units of LR, and assessment of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Cecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for metabolomic analysis, and gene expression of different brain areas was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results We observed that 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced hyperinsulinemia, which was attenuated by LR application only in female mice. On the contrary, HFD-fed male mice exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, where the latter was specifically attenuated by LR application, which was independent of metabolic changes. Furthermore, LR application restored the HFD-induced decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase, along with normalizing cholecystokinin gene expression in dopaminergic brain regions; both tyrosine hydroxylase and cholecystokinin are involved in signaling pathways impacting emotional disorders. Conclusions Our data show that LR attenuates depressive-like behavior after established obesity, with changes in the dopaminergic system in male mice, and mitigates hyperinsulinemia in obese female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Schell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robert Hauffe
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michaela Rath
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simran Chopra
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Ma L, Jiang X, Huang Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Pei H, Cao Y, Wang H, Li H. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115244. [PMID: 37516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive function that is associated with the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Gut microbiota comprises of a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microorganisms can participate in gut-brain axis activities, thereby affecting cognitive function and associated behaviours. Increasing evidence has indicated that gut dysbiosis can jeopardise host immune responses and promote inflammation, which may be an initiating factor for the onset and evolution of AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a promising resource which encompasses immense chemical diversity and multiple-target characteristics for the treatment of AD. Many TCMs regulate the gut microbiota during treatment of diseases, indicating that gut microbiota may be an important target for TCM efficacy. In this review, we summarised the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD and the effects of TCM in treating AD by regulating the gut microbiota. We anticipate that this review will provide novel perspectives and strategies for future AD research and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hui Pei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huichan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, PR China.
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25
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Kim JS, Williams KC, Kirkland RA, Schade R, Freeman KG, Cawthon CR, Rautmann AW, Smith JM, Edwards GL, Glenn TC, Holmes PV, de Lartigue G, de La Serre CB. The gut-brain axis mediates bacterial driven modulation of reward signaling. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101764. [PMID: 37380023 PMCID: PMC10372379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal is to investigate if microbiota composition modulates reward signaling and assess the role of the vagus in mediating microbiota to brain communication. METHODS Male germ-free Fisher rats were colonized with gastrointestinal contents from chow (low fat (LF) ConvLF) or HF (ConvHF) fed rats. RESULTS Following colonization, ConvHF rats consumed significantly more food than ConvLF animals. ConvHF rats displayed lower feeding-induced extracellular DOPAC levels (a metabolite of dopamine) in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) as well as reduced motivation for HF foods compared to ConvLF rats. Dopamine receptor 2 (DDR2) expression levels in the NAc were also significantly lower in ConvHF animals. Similar deficits were observed in conventionally raised HF fed rats, showing that diet-driven alteration in reward can be initiated via microbiota. Selective gut to brain deafferentation restored DOPAC levels, DRD2 expression, and motivational drive in ConvHF rats. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from these data that a HF-type microbiota is sufficient to alter appetitive feeding behavior and that bacteria to reward communication is mediated by the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung S Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Ruth Schade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaylen L Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Monell Chemical Senses Center and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Golchin A, Ranjbarvan P, Parviz S, Shokati A, Naderi R, Rasmi Y, Kiani S, Moradi F, Heidari F, Saltanatpour Z, Alizadeh A. The role of probiotics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2023; 18:635-657. [PMID: 37492007 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) as an emerging field is a multidisciplinary science and combines basic sciences such as biomaterials science, biology, genetics and medical sciences to achieve functional TERM-based products to regenerate or replace damaged or diseased tissues or organs. Probiotics are useful microorganisms which have multiple effective functions on human health. They have some immunomodulatory and biocompatibility effects and improve wound healing. In this article, we describe the latest findings on probiotics and their pro-healing properties on various body systems that are useable in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review presents a new perspective on the therapeutic potential of probiotics for TERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golchin
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Cellular & Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Cellular & Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Shima Parviz
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied cell sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Amene Shokati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research center & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center & Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 57157993313, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kiani
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48157-33971, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moradi
- Department of Tissue engineering, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Pediatric Cell & Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center & Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35147-99422, Iran
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27
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Lin B, Ye Z, Ye Z, Wang M, Cao Z, Gao R, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota in brain tumors: An emerging crucial player. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:84-97. [PMID: 36627748 PMCID: PMC10314108 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, various roles of the gut microbiota in physiological and pathological conditions have been uncovered. Among the many interacting pathways between the host and gut flora, the gut-brain axis has drawn increasing attention and is generally considered a promising way to understand and treat brain tumors, one of the most lethal neoplasms. In this narrative review, we aimed to unveil and dissect the sophisticated mechanisms by which the gut-brain axis exerts its influence on brain tumors. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research regarding the gastrointestinal microbial landscape and the effect of gut-brain axis malfunction on different brain tumors. Finally, we outlined the ongoing developing approaches of microbial manipulation and their corresponding research related to neuro-malignancies. Collectively, we recapitulated the advances in gut microbial alterations along with their potential interactive mechanisms in brain tumors and encouraged increased efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationShanghaiChina
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Chirumbolo S, Candiano B, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Pascale A. The Brain-Gut-Microbiota Interplay in Depression: a key to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106799. [PMID: 37211239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is emerging as a key regulator of the central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune and metabolic functions. In turn, the brain influences the intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis. The balance of this bidirectional crosstalk is important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis and gut permeability negatively affect brain development, behavior, and cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes in the GM composition in depressed patients are reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of common antidepressants by affecting their absorption, metabolism, and activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape in turn the GM with an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of the pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing the correct homeostatic gut balance (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions) represent an innovative approach to improve the pharmacotherapy of depression. Among these, probiotics and the Mediterranean diet, alone or in combination with the standard of care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, the disclosure of the intricate network between GM and depression will give precious insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches towards depression, with profound implications for drug development and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Candiano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carrara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Bhatti JS, Khullar N, Mishra J, Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Sharma E, Bhatti GK, Selman A, Reddy PH. Stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - Promises and pitfalls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166712. [PMID: 37030521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and multiple cognitive issues. The underlying mechanisms of AD include the build-up of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, synaptic damage, elevated levels of microglia and astrocytes, abnormal microRNAs, mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, and age-related neuronal loss. However, the etiology of AD is complex and involves a multitude of environmental and genetic factors. Currently, available AD medications only alleviate symptoms and do not provide a permanent cure. Therefore, there is a need for therapies that can prevent or reverse cognitive decline, brain tissue loss, and neural instability. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for AD because stem cells possess the unique ability to differentiate into any type of cell and maintain their self-renewal. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of AD and existing pharmacological treatments. This review article focuses on the role of various types of stem cells in neuroregeneration, the potential challenges, and the future of stem cell-based therapies for AD, including nano delivery and gaps in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Eva Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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30
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Sarikhani A, Vosoughi Zadeh S, Tahmasebi S, Farahani BK, Heydari Nik M, Mohajerani HR. Maternal and postweaning probiotic administration alleviated footshock-induced anxiety in both sexes of adolescent Balb/c mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:357-368. [PMID: 36308308 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Effects of maternal probiotics administered during pregnancy as well as consumption by offspring in the post-weaning period on anxiety behavior were examined.Methods: In addition to anxiety levels measured by EPM and OFT, the expression level of the hippocampal genes, and serum sex hormones in male and female mice that received foot shock stress were assayed in the pubertal period.Results: The results of this study showed that consumption of probiotics in the foot shock-stressed offspring in both sexes could significantly increase the length of stay in the EPM open arm compared to the control group, however, the offspring of the probiotic-treated dam did not. Consumption of probiotics by the pro-off group caused remarkable high expression of the 5HT2AC receptor gene. In the pro-off group, consumption of probiotics led to a significant decrease in 5HT1 receptor expression. Expression of GABRA2 was increased in probiotics-treated groups, thus the pro-off and the pro-dam group had a significant difference from the control group. Feeding offspring with probiotics by significantly increased progesterone concentrations compared to the control group, and maternal consumption of probiotics during pregnancy and lactation had no reducing effect on progesterone concentrations. This is due to electric shock stress. The consumption of probiotics by mice during infancy was shown to compensate for the decrease in progesterone concentration in them. Maternal use of probiotics during pregnancy and lactation did not affect this concentration.Conclusions: It is concluded that probiotics can protect against foot shock stress-induced anxiety, progesterone disturbance, and dysregulation of expression of some anxiety-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sarikhani
- Applied Neuroscience Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Tahmasebi
- Applied Neuroscience Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Heydari Nik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mohajerani
- Applied Neuroscience Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Ma YF, Lin YA, Huang CL, Hsu CC, Wang S, Yeh SR, Tsai YC. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 Alleviates Exaggerated Cortical Beta Oscillations and Motor Deficits in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:312-325. [PMID: 34449056 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by midbrain dopaminergic neuronal loss and subsequent physical impairments. Levodopa manages symptoms best, while deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for advanced PD patients; however, side effects occur with the diminishing therapeutic window. Recently, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) was found to elevate dopamine levels in rodent brains, suggesting its potential to prevent PD. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of PS128 was examined in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Suppression of the power spectral density of beta oscillations (beta PSD) in the primary motor cortex (M1) was recorded as the indicator of disease progression. We found that 6 weeks of daily PS128 supplementation suppressed M1 beta PSD as well as did levodopa and DBS. Long-term normalization of M1 beta PSD was found in PS128-fed rats, whereas levodopa and DBS showed only temporal effects. PS128 + levodopa and PS128 + DBS exhibited better therapeutic effects than did levodopa + DBS or either alone. Significantly improved motor functions in PS128-fed rats were correlated with normalization of M1 beta PSD. Brain tissue analyses further demonstrated the role of PS128 in dopaminergic neuroprotection and the enhanced availability of neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that psychobiotic PS128 might be used alongside conventional therapies to treat PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Ma
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- EzInstrument Technology Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Huang
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| | | | - Sabrina Wang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Rung Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Xu J, Tang M, Wang D, Zhang X, Yang X, Ma Y, Xu X. Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus zz-1 Supplementation Mitigates Depression-Like Symptoms in Chronic Stress-Induced Depressed Mice via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1095-1106. [PMID: 36812493 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed an association between depression and disordered intestinal microecology. The discovery of psychobiotics has provided a promising perspective for studying the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant abilities of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus zz-1 (LRzz-1) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The viable bacteria (2 × 109 CFU/day) were orally supplemented to depressed C57BL/6 mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and the behavioral, neurophysiological, and intestinal microbial effects were assessed, with fluoxetine used as a positive control. The treatment with LRzz-1 effectively mitigated the depression-like behavioral disorders of depressed mice and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the hippocampus. In addition, LRzz-1 treatment also improved tryptophan metabolic disorder in the mouse hippocampus, as well as its peripheral circulation. These benefits are associated with the mediation of microbiome-gut-brain bidirectional communication. CUMS-induced depression impaired the intestinal barrier integrity and microbial homeostasis in mice, neither of which was restored by fluoxetine. LRzz-1 prevented intestinal leakage and significantly ameliorated epithelial barrier permeability by up-regulating tight-junction proteins (including ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1). In particular, LRzz-1 improved the microecological balance by normalizing the threatened bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio), exerting beneficial regulation (e.g., Ruminiclostridium 6 and Alispites), and modifying short-chain fatty acid metabolism. In summary, LRzz-1 showed considerable antidepressant-like effects and exhibited more comprehensive intestinal microecological regulation than other drugs, which offers novel insights that can facilitate the development of depression therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xuyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yanshi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Binh Tran TD, Nguyen H, Sodergren E, Addiction CFSNO, Dickson PE, Wright SN, Philip VM, Weinstock GM, Chesler EJ, Zhou Y, Bubier JA. Microbial glutamate metabolism predicts intravenous cocaine self-administration in diversity outbred mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109409. [PMID: 36592885 PMCID: PMC9943525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is thought to play a critical role in the onset and development of psychiatric disorders, including depression and substance use disorder (SUD). To test the hypothesis that the microbiome affects addiction predisposing behaviors and cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) and to identify specific microbes involved in the relationship, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on feces from 228 diversity outbred mice. Twelve open field measures, two light-dark assay measures, one hole board and novelty place preference measure significantly differed between mice that acquired cocaine IVSA (ACQ) and those that failed to acquire IVSA (FACQ). We found that ACQ mice are more active and exploratory and display decreased fear than FACQ mice. The microbial abundances that differentiated ACQ from FACQ mice were an increased abundance of Barnesiella, Ruminococcus, and Robinsoniella and decreased Clostridium IV in ACQ mice. There was a sex-specific correlation between ACQ and microbial abundance, a reduced Lactobacillus abundance in ACQ male mice, and a decreased Blautia abundance in female ACQ mice. The abundance of Robinsoniella was correlated, and Clostridium IV inversely correlated with the number of doses of cocaine self-administered during acquisition. Functional analysis of the microbiome composition of a subset of mice suggested that gut-brain modules encoding glutamate metabolism genes are associated with the propensity to self-administer cocaine. These findings establish associations between the microbiome composition and glutamate metabolic potential and the ability to acquire cocaine IVSA thus indicating the potential translational impact of targeting the gut microbiome or microbial metabolites for treatment of SUD. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Dong Binh Tran
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hoan Nguyen
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Price E Dickson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Susan N Wright
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Three White Flint North, Room 08C08 MSC 6018, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vivek M Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jason A Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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Johnson D, Letchumanan V, Thum CC, Thurairajasingam S, Lee LH. A Microbial-Based Approach to Mental Health: The Potential of Probiotics in the Treatment of Depression. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061382. [PMID: 36986112 PMCID: PMC10053794 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are currently the subject of intensive research pursuits and also represent a multi-billion-dollar global industry given their vast potential to improve human health. In addition, mental health represents a key domain of healthcare, which currently has limited, adverse-effect prone treatment options, and probiotics may hold the potential to be a novel, customizable treatment for depression. Clinical depression is a common, potentially debilitating condition that may be amenable to a precision psychiatry-based approach utilizing probiotics. Although our understanding has not yet reached a sufficient level, this could be a therapeutic approach that can be tailored for specific individuals with their own unique set of characteristics and health issues. Scientifically, the use of probiotics as a treatment for depression has a valid basis rooted in the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) mechanisms, which play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. In theory, probiotics appear to be ideal as adjunct therapeutics for major depressive disorder (MDD) and as stand-alone therapeutics for mild MDD and may potentially revolutionize the treatment of depressive disorders. Although there is a wide range of probiotics and an almost limitless range of therapeutic combinations, this review aims to narrow the focus to the most widely commercialized and studied strains, namely Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and to bring together the arguments for their usage in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinicians, scientists, and industrialists are critical stakeholders in exploring this groundbreaking concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinyadarshini Johnson
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Pathogen Resistome Virulome and Diagnostic Research Group (PathRiD), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chern Choong Thum
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran Mardi-UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Thurairajasingam
- Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (L.-H.L.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Pathogen Resistome Virulome and Diagnostic Research Group (PathRiD), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (L.-H.L.)
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Madison CA, Hillbrick L, Kuempel J, Albrecht GL, Landrock KK, Safe S, Chapkin RS, Eitan S. Intestinal epithelium aryl hydrocarbon receptor is involved in stress sensitivity and maintaining depressive symptoms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114256. [PMID: 36528169 PMCID: PMC9839636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a key regulator in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, and AhR-active microbial metabolites modulate multiple neuronal responses. We recently demonstrated that 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), two selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs), act as antidepressants in female mice. Thus, to examine the role of intestinal AhR in depression, anxiety, and spatial learning, this study employed transgenic mice in which the AhR was knockout only in the intestinal epithelium (AhRΔIEC). Additionally, this study examined whether the antidepressant effects of dietary DIM and DHNA is mediated by intestinal AhR. AhRΔIEC and WT female mice were fed daily with vehicle, 20 mg/kg DIM or DHNA for three weeks prior to four weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Mice were examined for weight gain, anhedonia-like behavior (sucrose preference test), anxiety levels (open field, light/dark, elevated plus maze, novelty-induced hypophagia, and marble burying tests), and spatial learning (Morris water maze). UCMS reduced weight gain in AhRΔIECs, but not WTs. Moreover, UCMS initially reduced sucrose preference in both AhRΔIECs and WTs, but over 4 weeks of UCMS, AhRΔIECs develop resilience to UCMS-induced anhedonia. Additionally, AhRΔIECs exhibit slightly reduced anxiety in certain tests and faster spatial learning. DIM and DHNA acted as antidepressants in both AhRΔIECs and WTs. Thus, this study suggests that intestinal AhR plays differential roles, mitigating stress effects on weight gain, and increasing stress effects on mood. However, the site of antidepressant action of SAhRMs, such as DIM and DHNA, is not dependent on the expression of intestinal AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Madison
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Hillbrick
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacob Kuempel
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Georgia Lee Albrecht
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Zhao H, Chen X, Zhang L, Tang C, Meng F, Zhou L, Zhu P, Lu Z, Lu Y. Ingestion of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Fmb14 prevents depression-like behavior and brain neural activity via the microbiota-gut-brain axis in colitis mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1909-1928. [PMID: 36748225 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Large preclinical evidence suggested that colitis was one of the risk factors for depression and probiotics were effective therapeutic agents to prevent the disease. The effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Fmb14 on colitis-related depression-like behavior and its possible mechanisms were investigated. One week of DSS exposure led to the following changes in male C57BL/6N mice: a reduction in the movement distance from 2218 to 1299 cm, time in central areas from 23.6 s to 11.5 s, and time in the bright box from 217 s to 103 s, which were restored to 1816 cm, 18.4 s, and 181 s, respectively, with preadministration of Fmb14 for 8 weeks. All improvements provided by Fmb14 indicated a remarkable protective effect on depression-like behavior. Fmb14 first worked to repair intestinal barrier damage and the inflammatory response in the colon through ZO1 and Ocln enhancement and IL-1β, NF-κB and IL-6 reduction, respectively. Second, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota was modulated by Fmb14, including reduction of Akkermansia (18.9% to 5.4%), Mucispirillum (0.6% to 0.1%) and Bifidobacterium (0.32% to 0.03%). Fmb14 supplementation ameliorates the brain inflammatory response via IL-18 and NF-κB reduction and improves the blood-brain barrier via increased levels of ZO1 and Ocln. Moreover, brain activity was facilitated by an increase in BDNF and dopamine and the downregulation of GABA in the Fmb14 group. As a consequence of the modulatory effect on the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and neuroinflammation, Fmb14 prevents neurodegeneration by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and Nissl edema. In addition, the correlation analysis further demonstrated the preventative effect of Fmb14 on depression-like behavior through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Together, these findings demonstrated the important role of Fmb14 in biological signal transduction over the microbiota-gut-brain axis to improve mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang Y, Wang B, Zeng Z, Liu R, Tang L, Meng X, Li W. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 attenuated high-fat diet induced anxiety-like behavior and social withdrawal of male mice by improving antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier function and modulating intestinal dysbiosis. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114172. [PMID: 36280009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-like behavior and social withdrawal induced by obesity and oxidative stress are significant health concerns in contemporary society. Our previously study found that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (SC06) decreased the body weight of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male mice and protected porcine intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative stress. The present study further investigated the effect of SC06 on HFD-induced obesity, anxiety-like behavior and social withdrawal of male mice and explored its mechanism. Results showed that SC06 significantly decreased HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by the decreased body weight, weight of liver and epididymal fat. Meanwhile, SC06 attenuated the anxiety-like behavior of HFD-fed male mice as illustrated by the more exploration time in both the open arms of elevated plus maze and the central area of open field and the reversed their social withdrawal tested in the three-chamber social choice task. SC06 also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and normalized the mitochondrial morphology in the hippocampus. SC06 reduced the systemic inflammation and increased the expression of intestinal tight junctions (ZO-1 and Claudin1). Furthermore, SC06 also altered the microbial diversity and composition, and decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio of HFD-fed male mice. These findings suggest SC06 attenuate HFD-induced anxiety-like behavior and social withdrawal of male mice by attenuating hippocampal oxidation stress, systemic inflammation, dysbiosis and improving intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, 550025 Guiyang, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Ma J, Wang R, Chen Y, Wang Z, Dong Y. 5-HT attenuates chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment in mice through intestinal flora disruption. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 36737776 PMCID: PMC9896737 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-HT on cognitive function, learning and memory induced by chronic unforeseeable mild stress stimulation (CUMS) in female mice. CUMS mice and TPH2 KO mice were used in the study. Lactococcus lactis E001-B-8 fungus powder was orally administered to mice with CUMS. METHODS We used the open field test, Morris water maze, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test to examine learning-related behaviours. In addition, AB-PAS staining, immunofluorescence, ELISA, qPCR, Western blotting and microbial sequencing were employed to address our hypotheses. RESULTS The effect of CUMS was more obvious in female mice than in male mice. Compared with female CUMS mice, extracellular serotonin levels in TPH2 KO CUMS mice were significantly reduced, and cognitive dysfunction was aggravated. Increased hippocampal autophagy levels, decreased neurotransmitter levels, reduced oxidative stress damage, increased neuroinflammatory responses and disrupted gut flora were observed. Moreover, L. lactis E001-B-8 significantly improved the cognitive behaviour of mice. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that L. lactis E001-B-8 but not FLX can alleviate rodent depressive and anxiety-like behaviours in response to CUMS, which is associated with the improvement of 5-HT metabolism and modulation of the gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Ma
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ran Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zixu Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yulan Dong
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Interrogation of the mammalian gut-brain axis using LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics with in vitro bacterial and organoid cultures and in vivo gnotobiotic mouse models. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:490-529. [PMID: 36352124 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, known as the gut-brain axis, has prompted the development of quantitative analytical platforms to analyze microbe- and host-derived signals. This protocol enables investigations into connections between microbial colonization and intestinal and brain neurotransmitters and contains strategies for the comprehensive evaluation of metabolites in in vitro (organoids) and in vivo mouse model systems. Here we present an optimized workflow that includes procedures for preparing these gut-brain axis model systems: (stage 1) growth of microbes in defined media; (stage 2) microinjection of intestinal organoids; and (stage 3) generation of animal models including germ-free (no microbes), specific-pathogen-free (complete gut microbiota) and specific-pathogen-free re-conventionalized (germ-free mice associated with a complete gut microbiota from a specific-pathogen-free mouse), and Bifidobacterium dentium and Bacteroides ovatus mono-associated mice (germ-free mice colonized with a single gut microbe). We describe targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods for analyzing microbially derived short-chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters from these samples. Unlike other protocols that commonly examine only stool samples, this protocol includes bacterial cultures, organoid cultures and in vivo samples, in addition to monitoring the metabolite content of stool samples. The incorporation of three experimental models (microbes, organoids and animals) enhances the impact of this protocol. The protocol requires 3 weeks of murine colonization with microbes and ~1-2 weeks for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based instrumental and quantitative analysis, and sample post-processing and normalization.
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40
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Understanding the Connection between Gut Homeostasis and Psychological Stress. J Nutr 2023; 153:924-939. [PMID: 36806451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to adverse life events that provoke acute or chronic psychological stress (hereinafter "stress") can negatively affect physical health and even increase susceptibility to psychological illnesses, such as anxiety and depression. As a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released from the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for the stress response. Typically, CRF disrupts the gastrointestinal system and leads to gut microbiota dysbiosis, thereby increasing risk of functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, CRF increases oxidative damage to the colon and triggers immune responses involving mast cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. CRF even affects the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), causing enterochromaffin cells to secrete excessive amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Therefore, stress is often accompanied by damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, followed by increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. There are multi-network interactions between the gut microbiota and stress, and gut microbiota may relieve the effects of stress on the body. Dietary intake of probiotics can provide energy for ISCs through glycolysis, thereby alleviating the disruption to homeostasis caused by stress, and it significantly bolsters the intestinal barrier, alleviates intestinal inflammation, and maintains endocrine homeostasis. Gut microbiota also directly affect the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as CRF, 5-HT, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet enhances the stress resistance to some extent by regulating the intestinal flora. This article reviews recent research on how stress damages the gut and microbiota, how the gut microbiota can improve gut health by modulating injury due to stress, and how the diet relieves stress injury by interfering with intestinal microflora. This review gives insight into the potential role of the gut and its microbiota in relieving the effects of stress via the gut-brain axis.
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Lee Y, Oh H, Jo M, Cho H, Park Y. Synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA and probiotic supplementation on bone loss induced by chronic mild stress through the brain–gut–bone axis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Qiao H, Zhang Y. Changes of Dopamine and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Levels in the Brain of Germ-free Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e2798. [PMID: 36811101 PMCID: PMC9938933 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.236732.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Dopamine (DA) is one of the most important catecholamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. The degeneration and deletion of dopaminergic neurons are closely linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and other psychiatric or neurological diseases. Several studies have been suggesting that intestinal microorganisms are associated with the occurrence of central nervous diseases, including diseases that are closely related to dopaminergic neurons. However, the intestinal microorganism's regulation of dopaminergic neurons in the brain is largely unknown. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the hypothetical differences of DA and its synthase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in different parts of the brain of germ free (GF) mice. Materials and Methods Several studies in recent years have shown that commensal intestinal microbiota promotes changes in DA receptor expression, DA levels, and affects this monoamine turnover. Germ free (GF) and specific pathogen free (SPF) C57b/L male mice were used to analyze TH mRNA and expression levels, and DA levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum, using real time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA tools. Results Compared with SPF mice, the TH mRNA levels were decreased in the cerebellum of GF mice, while the TH protein expression was tended to increase in the hippocampus, and conversely showed significant decrease in the striatum. The average optical density (AOD) of TH immunoreactive nerve fibers and the number of axons in striatum of mice in GF group were significantly lower than that in SPF group. Compared with SPF mice, the DA concentration in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex of GF mice was decreased in GF mice. Conclusion The changes of DA and its synthase TH in the brain of GF mice showed that the absence of conventional intestinal microbiota had certain regulatory effects on central dopaminergic nervous system, which is considered helpful for studying the effect of commensal intestinal flora on diseases related to impaired dopaminergic nerve system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Potential relationship between Tourette syndrome and gut microbiome. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:11-16. [PMID: 35914739 PMCID: PMC9875241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, the author aims to discuss and review the relationship between gut microbiota and Tourette syndrome, and whether the change in gut microbiota can affect the severity of Tourette syndrome. SOURCES Literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was mainly reviewed. Both original studies and review articles were discussed. The articles were required to be published as of May 2022. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Current studies on the gut microbiome have found that the gut microbiome and brain seem to interact. It is named the brain-gut-axis. The relationship between the brain-gut axis and neurological and psychiatric disorders has been a topic of intense interest. Tourette syndrome is a chronic neurological disease that seriously affects the quality of life of children, and there appears to be an increase in Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides in the gut of patients with Tourette syndrome. After clinical observation and animal experiments, there appear to be particular gut microbiota changes in Tourette syndrome. It provides a new possible idea for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Probiotics and fecal microbial transplantation have been tried to treat Tourette syndrome, especially Tourette syndrome which is not sensitive to drugs, and some results have been achieved. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between gut microbiota and Tourette syndrome and how to alleviate Tourette syndrome by improving gut microbiota are new topics, more in-depth and larger sample size research is still needed.
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Lai Y, Dhingra R, Zhang Z, Ball LM, Zylka MJ, Lu K. Toward Elucidating the Human Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis: Molecules, Biochemistry, and Implications for Health and Diseases. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2806-2821. [PMID: 34910469 PMCID: PMC10857864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a substantial amount of data have supported an active role of gut microbiota in mediating mammalian brain function and health. Mining gut microbiota and their metabolites for neuroprotection is enticing but requires that the fundamental biochemical details underlying such microbiota-brain crosstalk be deciphered. While a neuronal gut-brain axis (through the vagus nerve) is not disputable, accumulating studies also point to a humoral route (via blood/lymphatic circulation) by which innumerable microbial molecular cues translocate from local gut epithelia to circulation with potentials to further cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. In this Perspective, we review a realm of gut microbial molecules to evaluate their fate, function, and neuroactivities in vivo as mediated by microbiota. We turn to seminal studies of neurophysiology and neurologic disease models for the elucidation of biochemical pathways that link microbiota to gut-brain signaling. In addition, we discuss opportunities and challenges for advancing the microbiota-brain axis field while calling for high-throughput discovery of microbial molecules and studies for resolving the interspecies, interorgan, and interclass interaction among these neuroactive microbial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Institute of Environmental Health Solutions, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louise M Ball
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, North Carolina 27510, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Chan DG, Ventura K, Villeneuve A, Du Bois P, Holahan MR. Exploring the Connection Between the Gut Microbiome and Parkinson's Disease Symptom Progression and Pathology: Implications for Supplementary Treatment Options. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2339-2352. [PMID: 36278360 PMCID: PMC9837702 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the microbiota to induce gastrointestinal inflammation is hypothesized to be a key component of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The function of the GI tract is governed by a system of neurons that form part of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS hosts 100-500 million nerve cells within two thin layers lining the GI tract. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the major communication pathway between the ENS and the central nervous system. It has become increasingly clear that the microbiota in the gut are key regulators of GBA function and help to maintain homeostasis in the immune and endocrine systems. The GBA may act as a possible etiological launching pad for the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, because of an imbalance in the gut microbiota. PD is a multi-faceted illness with multiple biological, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its pathological progression. Interestingly, individuals with PD have an altered gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals. However, there is a lack of literature describing the relationship between microbiota composition in the gut and symptom progression in PD patients. This review article examines how the pathology and symptomology of PD may originate from dysregulated signaling in the ENS. We then discuss by targeting the imbalance within the gut microbiota such as prebiotics and probiotics, some of the prodromal symptoms might be alleviated, possibly curtailing the pathological spread of aSyn and ensuing debilitating motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G. Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Correspondence to: Dennis G. Chan, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Katelyn Ventura
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ally Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Du Bois
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Novel Horizons in Postbiotics: Lactobacillaceae Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245296. [PMID: 36558455 PMCID: PMC9782203 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus probiotics contained in dietary supplements or functional foods are well-known for their beneficial properties exerted on host health and diverse pathological situations. Their capacity to improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and regulate the immune system is especially remarkable. Although bacteria-host interactions have been thought to occur directly, the key role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics play on this point is being unveiled. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that carry a wide range of cargo compounds and act in different signalling pathways. Notably, these EVs have been recently proposed as a safe alternative to the utilisation of live bacteria since they can avoid the possible risks that probiotics may entail in vulnerable cases such as immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this review aims to give an updated overview of the existing knowledge about EVs from different Lactobacillus strains, their mechanisms and effects in host health and different pathological conditions. All of the information collected suggests that EVs could be considered as potential tools for the development of future novel therapeutic approaches.
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Han W, Wang N, Han M, Ban M, Sun T, Xu J. Reviewing the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and exploring new therapeutic options. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1029495. [PMID: 36570854 PMCID: PMC9772619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1029495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and mental health is one of the focuses of psychobiology research. In recent years, the microbial-gut-brain axis (MGBA) concept has gradually formed about this bidirectional communication between gut and brain. But how the GM is involved in regulating brain function and how they affect emotional disorders these mechanisms are tenuous and limited to animal research, and often controversial. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to summarize and categorize the latest advances in current research on the mechanisms of GM and depression to provide valid information for future diagnoses and therapy of mental disorders. Finally, we introduced some antidepressant regimens that can help restore gut dysbiosis, including classic antidepressants, Chinese materia medica (CMM), diet, and exogenous strains. These studies provide further insight into GM's role and potential pathways in emotion-related diseases, which holds essential possible clinical outcomes for people with depression or related psychiatric disorders. Future research should focus on clarifying the causal role of GM in disease and developing microbial targets, applying these findings to the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Ban
- Liaoning Microhealth Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Junnan Xu,
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The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315389. [PMID: 36499716 PMCID: PMC9739658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development. Altering the gut microbiota could serve as a therapeutic target for treating abnormalities associated with brain development. Neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders are affected by changes that occur in gut microbiota composition and function. The molecular aspects relevant to the GBA could help develop targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental diseases. Herein, we review the findings of recent studies on the role of the GBA in its underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stages of brain development. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant and the potential signaling pathways and roles of posttranscriptional modifications in brain functions. Our review summarizes the role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets.
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Sun Y, Li J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Hou L, Huang Z. Exploring relationship between emotion and probiotics with knowledge graphs. Health Inf Sci Syst 2022; 10:27. [PMID: 36101548 PMCID: PMC9464290 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Researchers have identified gut microbiota that interact with brain regions associated with emotion and mood. Literature reviews of those associations rely on rigorous systematic approaches and labor-intensive investments. Here we explore how knowledge graph, a large scale semantic network consisting of entities and concepts as well as the semantic relationships among them, is incorporated into the emotion-probiotic relationship exploration work. Method We propose an end-to-end emotion-probiotics relationship exploration method with an integrated medical knowledge graph, which incorporates the text mining output of knowledge graph, concept reasoning and evidence classification. Specifically, a knowledge graph for probiotics is built based on a text-mining analysis of PubMed, and further used to retrieve triples of relationships with reasoning logistics. Then specific relationships are annotated and evidence levels are retrieved to form a new evidence-based emotion-probiotic knowledge graph. Results Based on the probiotics knowledge graph with 40,442,404 triples, totally 1453 PubMed articles were annotated in both the title level and abstract level, and the evidence levels were incorporated to the visualization of the explored emotion-probiotic relationships. Finally, we got 4131 evidenced emotion-probiotic associations. Conclusions The evidence-based emotion-probiotic knowledge graph construction work demonstrates an effective reasoning based pipeline of relationship exploration. The annotated relationship associations are supposed be used to help researchers generate scientific hypotheses or create their own semantic graphs for their research interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Zidu Xu
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Li Hou
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR\&R) Group, Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dziedzic A, Saluk J. Probiotics and Commensal Gut Microbiota as the Effective Alternative Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214478. [PMID: 36430954 PMCID: PMC9699268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the multifactorial interactions between the intestine microflora and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, connecting brain activity and gut functions. Alterations of the GBA have been revealed in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis and making it a promising therapeutic target. Whilst research in this field is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that MS patients are more likely to exhibit modified microbiota, altered levels of short-chain fatty acids, and enhanced intestinal permeability. Both clinical and preclinical trials in patients with MS and animal models revealed that the administration of probiotic bacteria might improve cognitive, motor, and mental behaviors by modulation of GBA molecular pathways. According to the newest data, supplementation with probiotics may be associated with slower disability progression, reduced depressive symptoms, and improvements in general health in patients with MS. Herein, we give an overview of how probiotics supplementation may have a beneficial effect on the course of MS and its animal model. Hence, interference with the composition of the MS patient's intestinal microbiota may, in the future, be a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based adjuvant therapy.
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