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Choi SY, Ahn SY, Jo D, Kim OY, Song J. Oligonol enhances brain cognitive function in high-fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117322. [PMID: 39191029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, is well recognized for its antioxidant properties, blood glucose regulation, and fat mass reduction capability. However, its effect on the central nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of oligonol on brain in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse model, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary cultured cortical neuron under insulin resistance conditions. HFD mice were orally administered oligonol (20 mg/kg) daily, and SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons were pretreated with 500 ng/mL oligonol under in vitro insulin resistance conditions. Our findings revealed that oligonol administration reduced blood glucose levels and improved spatial memory function in HFD mice. In vitro data demonstrated that oligonol protected neuronal cells and enhanced neural structure against insulin resistance. We confirmed RNA sequencing in the oligonol-pretreated insulin-resistant SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our RNA-sequencing data indicated that oligonol contributes to metabolic signaling and neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, our study provides insights into therapeutic potential of oligonol with respect to preventing neuronal cell damage and improving neural structure and cognitive function in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yeon Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
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Cushing SD, Moseley SC, Stimmell AC, Schatschneider C, Wilber AA. Rescuing impaired hippocampal-cortical interactions and spatial reorientation learning and memory during sleep in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using hippocampal 40 Hz stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599921. [PMID: 38979221 PMCID: PMC11230253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), spatial learning and memory is impaired. We reported similar impairments in 3xTg-AD mice on a virtual maze (VM) spatial-reorientation-task that requires using landmarks to navigate. Hippocampal (HPC)-cortical dysfunction during sleep (important for memory consolidation) is a potential mechanism for memory impairments in AD. We previously found deficits in HPC-cortical coordination during sleep coinciding with VM impairments the next day. Some forms of 40 Hz stimulation seem to clear AD pathology in mice, and improve functional connectivity in AD patients. Thus, we implanted a recording array targeting parietal cortex (PC) and HPC to assess HPC-PC coordination, and an optical fiber targeting HPC for 40 Hz or sham optogenetic stimulation in 3xTg/PV cre mice. We assessed PC delta waves (DW) and HPC sharp wave ripples (SWRs). In sham mice, SWR-DW cross-correlations were reduced, similar to 3xTg-AD mice. In 40 Hz mice, this phase-locking was rescued, as was performance on the VM. However, rescued HPC-PC coupling no longer predicted performance as in NonTg animals. Instead, DWs and SWRs independently predicted performance in 40 Hz mice. Thus, 40 Hz stimulation of HPC rescued functional interactions in the HPC-PC network, and rescued impairments in spatial navigation, but did not rescue the correlation between HPC-PC coordination during sleep and learning and memory. Together this pattern of results could inform AD treatment timing by suggesting that despite applying 40 Hz stimulation before significant tau and amyloid aggregation, pathophysiological processes led to brain changes that were not fully reversed even though cognition was recovered. Significance Statement One of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is getting lost in space or experiencing deficits in spatial navigation, which involve navigation computations as well as learning and memory. We investigated cross brain region interactions supporting memory formation as a potential causative factor of impaired spatial learning and memory in AD. To assess this relationship between AD pathophysiology, brain changes, and behavioral alterations, we used a targeted approach for clearing amyloid beta and tau to rescue functional interactions in the brain. This research strongly connects brain activity patterns during sleep to tau and amyloid accumulation, and will aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in AD. Furthermore, the results offer insight for improving early identification and treatment strategies.
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Iske J, Roesel MJ, Martin F, Schroeter A, Matsunaga T, Maenosono R, Tripathi U, Xiao Y, Nian Y, Caldarone BJ, Vondran FWR, Sage PT, Azuma H, Abdi R, Elkhal A, Pirtskhalava T, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Zhou H, Tullius SG. Transplanting old organs promotes senescence in young recipients. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:391-405. [PMID: 37913871 PMCID: PMC10922683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In clinical organ transplantation, donor and recipient ages may differ substantially. Old donor organs accumulate senescent cells that have the capacity to induce senescence in naïve cells. We hypothesized that the engraftment of old organs may induce senescence in younger recipients, promoting age-related pathologies. When performing isogeneic cardiac transplants between age-mismatched C57BL/6 old donor (18 months) mice and young and middle-aged C57BL/6 (3- or 12- month-old) recipients , we observed augmented frequencies of senescent cells in draining lymph nodes, adipose tissue, livers, and hindlimb muscles 30 days after transplantation. These observations went along with compromised physical performance and impaired spatial learning and memory abilities. Systemic levels of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, including mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA), were elevated in recipients. Of mechanistic relevance, injections of mt-DNA phenocopied effects of age-mismatched organ transplantation on accelerating aging. Single treatment of old donor animals with senolytics prior to transplantation attenuated mt-DNA release and improved physical capacities in young recipients. Collectively, we show that transplanting older organs induces senescence in transplant recipients, resulting in compromised physical and cognitive capacities. Depleting senescent cells with senolytics, in turn, represents a promising approach to improve outcomes of older organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institutes of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Roesel
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Martin
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, CVK/CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Maenosono
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Institute of Transplant Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Mouse Behavior Core, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter T Sage
- Transplant Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplant Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- NAD+ Immunology Laboratory, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Song LJ, Han QX, Ding ZB, Liu K, Zhang XX, Guo MF, Ma D, Wang Q, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Icariin ameliorates the cuprizone-induced demyelination associated with antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:809-823. [PMID: 38177566 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis (MS) can alleviate the severity and relapses. However, it cannot improve the neurological disability of patients due to a lack of myelin protection and regeneration. Therefore, remyelinating therapies may be one of the feasible strategies that can prevent axonal degeneration and restore neurological disability. Natural product icariin (ICA) is a flavonol compound extracted from epimedium flavonoids, which has neuroprotective effects in several models of neurological diseases. Here, we attempt to explore whether ICA has the potential to treat demyelination and its possible mechanisms of action using lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 microglia, primary microglia, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and cuprizone-induced demyelination model. The indicators of oxidative stress and inflammatory response were evaluated using commercial kits. The results showed that ICA significantly reduced the levels of oxidative intermediates nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and increased the levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in vitro cell experiments. In vivo demyelination model, ICA significantly alleviated the behavioral abnormalities and enhanced the integrated optical density/mm2 of Black Gold II and myelin basic protein myelin staining, accompanied by the inhibition of oxidative stress/inflammatory response. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ICA significantly induced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid derived 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) and inhibited the expression of toll-like receptor 4/ nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB), which are two key signaling pathways in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes. Our results strongly suggest that ICA may be used as a potential agent to treat demyelination via regulating Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidative stress and TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Qing-Xian Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Min-Fang Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
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Guo M, Wang T, Zhang T, Zhai H, Xu G. Effects of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on theta-gamma oscillations and coupling in the prefrontal cortex of rats during working memory task. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:3209-3223. [PMID: 37828414 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency rTMS has been widely used to improve working memory (WM) impairment; however, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated the effect of high-frequency rTMS on behaviors relevant to WM as well as coupling between theta and gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. Accordingly, Wistar rats received high-frequency rTMS daily for 14 days (5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 15 Hz stimulation; 600 pulses; n = 6 per group), whereas the control group received sham stimulation. Electrophysiological signals were recorded simultaneously to obtain the local field potential (LFP) from the PFC, while the rats performed T-maze tasks for the evaluation of WM. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) was utilized to determine the effect of high-frequency rTMS on the theta-gamma coupling of LFPs. We observed that rats in the rTMS groups needed a smaller number of training days to complete the WM task as compared to the control group. High-frequency rTMS reinforced the coupling connection strength in the PFC of rats. Notably, the effect of rTMS at 15 Hz was the most effective among the three frequencies, i.e., 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 15 Hz. The results suggested that rTMS can improve WM impairment in rats by modulating the coupling of theta and gamma rhythms. Hence, the current study provides a scientific basis for the optimization of TMS models, which would be relevant for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Tianheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Haodi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Guizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- School of Health Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
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Rajkumar M, Navaneethakrishnan S, Muthukumar S, Thangaraj R, Sivanandam M, Vimala K, Kannan S. Gelatin/polyethylene glycol-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite to attenuate acetylcholinesterase, neurotoxicity, and activation of GPR55 protein in rat models of Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102337. [PMID: 37708946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, and neuronal cell loss. G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has been used as a promising target for insulin receptors in diabetes therapy, but GPR55's role in AD is still unidentified. Gelatin (GE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric hydrogels are commonly used in the drug delivery system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the preparation of magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite using Clitoria ternatea (CT) flower extract, GE, and PEG (GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs) by the green precipitation method. The synthesized GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs were used to determine the effect of GPR55 activation of intracerebroventricular administration on streptozotocin (ICV-STC)-induced cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. The GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs were administered following bilateral ICV-STC administration (3 mg/kg) in experimental rats. Neurobehavioral assessments were performed using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a passive avoidance test (PA). Cholinergic and antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial complex activity were estimated in the cortex and hippocampus through biochemical analysis. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were determined using the ELISA method. Our study results demonstrated that the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs treatment significantly improved spatial and non-spatial memory functions in behavioral studies. Moreover, the treatment with GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs group significantly attenuated cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, and also highly improved anti-oxidant activity (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the cortex and hippocampus regions. The western blot results suggest the activation of the GPR55 protein expression through GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs. The histopathological studies showed clear cytoplasm and healthy neurons, effectively promoting neuronal activity. Furthermore, the molecular docking results demonstrated the binding affinity and potential interactions of the compounds with the AChE enzyme. In conclusion, the GE/PEG/Mg(OH)2NCs treated groups showed reduced neurotoxicity and have the potential as a therapeutic agent to effectively target AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Rajkumar
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundarraj Navaneethakrishnan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundarapandian Muthukumar
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Magudeeswaran Sivanandam
- Department of Physics, Center for Research and Development, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karuppaiya Vimala
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhou M, Li Y. Effect of different doses of almorexant on learning and memory in 8-month-old APP/PS1 (AD) mice. Peptides 2023; 167:171044. [PMID: 37330110 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different doses of almorexant (an dual orexin receptor antagonist) on learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. METHODS Forty-four APP/PS1 (model of Alzheimer's disease; AD) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (CON) and those that received 10mg/kg almorexant (low dose; LOW), 30mg/kg almorexant (medium dose; MED) and 60mg/kg almorexant (high dose; HIGH). During the 28-day intervention period, mice received an intraperitoneal injection at the beginning of the light period (6:00 am). The effects of different doses of almorexant on learning and memory and 24-hour sleep-wake behaviour were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The above continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), and then univariate regression analysis and generalized estimating equations were performed to compare the groups; these results are expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical software used STATA 17.0 MP. RESULTS Forty-one mice completed the experiment (3 died: 2 mice in the HIGH group and 1 mouse in the CON group). Compared with the CON group, the LOW group (MD=6,803s, 95% CI: 4,470 to 9,137s), MED group (MD=14,473s, 95% CI: 12,140 to 16,806s) and the HIGH group (MD=24,505s, 95% CI: 22,052 to 26,959s) had significantly longer sleep durations. The Y maze results showed that LOW group (MD=0.14,95%CI: 0.078 to 0.20) and MED group (MD=0.14,95%CI = 0.074 to 0.20) mice compared to the CON group, and the low-medium dose of Almorexant did not damage the short-term learning and memory performance of APP / PS1 (AD) mice.Compared with the CON, LOW, and MED groups, the HIGH group exhibited a significant decrease in the Aβ plaque-positive area in the cortex (MD= -0.030, 95% CI: -0.035 to -0.025; MD=-0.049, 95% CI: -0.054 to -0.044; and MD=-0.07, 95% CI: -0.076 to -0.066, respectively). CONCLUSION The moderate dose of almorexant (30mg/kg) prolonged the sleep duration of APP/PS1 (AD) mice to a greater extent than the low dose (10mg/kg) without altering learning and memory. The MED mice showed a good sleep response and a small residual effect on the next day. High-dose (60mg / kg) almorexant impaired behavioral learning and memory performance in mice.Compared to the CON group and the LOW group, the MED group exhibited improved working memory. Thus, treatment with almorexant may reduce β-amyloid deposition in AD, slowing neurodegeneration. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Qianfo Mountain Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University ,Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Neurology, Qianfo Mountain Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Targeting Neuroinflammation with Abscisic Acid Reduces Pain Sensitivity in Females and Hyperactivity in Males of an ADHD Mice Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030465. [PMID: 36766806 PMCID: PMC9914171 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by dopaminergic dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that there is a link between dopaminergic deficit and neuroinflammation that underlies ADHD symptoms. We used a validated ADHD mice model involving perinatal 6-OHDA lesions. The animals received abscisic acid (ABA), an anti-inflammatory phytohormone, at a concentration of 20 mg/L (drinking water) for one month. We tested a battery of behavior tests, learning and memory, anxiety, social interactions, and pain thresholds in female and male mice (control and lesioned, with or without ABA treatment). Postmortem, we analyzed microglia morphology and Ape1 expression in specific brain areas related to the descending pain inhibitory pathway. In females, the dopaminergic deficit increased pain sensitivity but not hyperactivity. In contrast, males displayed hyperactivity but showed no increased pain sensitivity. In females, pain sensitivity was associated with inflammatory microglia and lower Ape1 levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior insula cortex (IC). In addition, ABA treatment alleviated pain sensitivity concomitant with reduced inflammation and normalized APE1. In males, ABA reduced hyperactivity but had no significant effect on inflammation in these areas. This is the first study proving a sex-dependent association between dopamine dysfunction and inflammation in specific brain areas, hence leading to different behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of ADHD. These findings provide new clues for potential treatments for ADHD.
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Chavda V, Patel S. Voglibose and saxagliptin ameliorate the post-surgical stress and cognitive dysfunction in chronic anaesthesia exposed diabetic MCAo induced ischemic rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:426-435. [PMID: 36386599 PMCID: PMC9650028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic surgical anaesthesia and uncontrolled hyperglycemia are bidirectional risk factors for the development of psychiatric, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular diseases. Objective The current study was designed to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of anti-diabetic agents in pre and post-surgical anaesthesia exposure on diabetic ischemic rats. Methods The diabetes type-2 was induced and rats having more than 250 gm/dl blood glucose levels were considered for study. Administration of anaesthetic agents (ketamine 100 mg/kg IP, xylazine 10 mg/kg IP) were done pre and post MCAo surgery for 7 days. The treatment with anti-diabetic agents (voglibose, saxagliptin, repaglinide, dapagliflozin) was carried out after 7 days of Post MCAo surgery for one week. After treatment, assessment of neurobehavioral function was carried out using Morris Water Maze. After that, brains were excised and bloods were collected from all groups subjected for assessment of neuromodulator levels, oxidative stress parameters, serum biochemical biomarkers. Results The treatment with voglibose and saxagliptin not only improved neuromodulator levels statistically significant (p < 0.001) and cognitive profile but also significantly improved (p < 0.01) overall stroke serum biomarkers (Serum Glucose, GGT, CRP, CK-MB, LDH). Conclusion The results of the present study, suggested that chronic exposure of anaesthesia worsens the cognition and increases risk of stroke biomarkers in diabetic conditions. We can conclude that voglibose, saxagliptin, and dapagliflozin can significantly improve the postoperative mortality, morbidity, and cognitive dysfunction caused by post-surgical stress and chronic anaesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehal Patel
- Correspondence to: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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10
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. Neurologia 2022; 37:682-690. [PMID: 31780319 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address two factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, México
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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11
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Stevanovic KD, Fry SA, DeFilipp JMS, Wu N, Bernstein BJ, Cushman JD. Assessing the importance of sex in a hippocampus-dependent behavioral test battery in C57BL/6NTac mice. LEARNING & MEMORY (COLD SPRING HARBOR, N.Y.) 2022; 29:203-215. [PMID: 35882502 PMCID: PMC9374270 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053599.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of male and female subjects in behavioral neuroscience research requires a concerted effort to characterize sex differences in standardized behavioral assays. Sex differences in hippocampus-dependent assays have been widely reported but are still poorly characterized. In the present study, we conducted a parametric analysis of spontaneous alternation, object recognition, and fear conditioning in a commonly used control strain, C57BL/6NTac. Our findings show largely similar performance between males and females across the majority of behavioral end points. However, we identified an important difference in nonassociative fear sensitization, whereby females showed an enhanced fear response to the 75-dB tone that is used as the conditional stimulus. In addition, we observed an impairment in object location performance in females that was ameliorated by more extensive habituation to handling. Together, these findings argue that sex differences in nonassociative fear responses to both novel auditory cues and novel objects need to be considered when designing and interpreting cognitive assays in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, this elevated fear sensitization could serve as a novel approach to model the increased incidence of anxiety disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korey D Stevanovic
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Sydney A Fry
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jemma M S DeFilipp
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Nicholas Wu
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Briana J Bernstein
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jesse D Cushman
- Neurobehavioral Core Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
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12
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Bello-Medina PC, Corona-Cervantes K, Zavala Torres NG, González A, Pérez-Morales M, González-Franco DA, Gómez A, García-Mena J, Díaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-López G. Chronic-Antibiotics Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Rescues Memory Impairment and Reduces β-Amyloid Aggregation in a Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8209. [PMID: 35897785 PMCID: PMC9331718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammatory response, and cognitive deficit. Changes in the bacterial gut microbiota (BGM) have been reported as a possible etiological factor of AD. We assessed in offspring (F1) 3xTg, the effect of BGM dysbiosisdysbiosis in mothers (F0) at gestation and F1 from lactation up to the age of 5 months on Aβ and Tau levels in the hippocampus, as well as on spatial memory at the early symptomatic stage of AD. We found that BGM dysbiosisdysbiosis with antibiotics (Abx) treatment in F0 was vertically transferred to their F1 3xTg mice, as observed on postnatal day (PD) 30 and 150. On PD150, we observed a delay in spatial memory impairment and Aβ deposits, but not in Tau and pTau protein in the hippocampus at the early symptomatic stage of AD. These effects are correlated with relative abundance of bacteria and alpha diversity, and are specific to bacterial consortia. Our results suggest that this specific BGM could reduce neuroinflammatory responses related to cerebral amyloidosis and cognitive deficit and activate metabolic pathways associated with the biosynthesis of triggering or protective molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C. Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
| | - Karina Corona-Cervantes
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (N.G.Z.T.)
| | - Norma Gabriela Zavala Torres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (N.G.Z.T.)
| | - Antonio González
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
| | - Diego A. González-Franco
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
| | - Astrid Gómez
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (N.G.Z.T.)
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Biological and Health Sciences Division, Campus Lerma, Metropolitan Autonomus University (UAM), Lerma 52005, Mexico; (A.G.); (M.P.-M.); (D.A.G.-F.); (A.G.); (G.P.-L.)
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13
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Yan T, Zhang X, Mao Q, Wu B, He B, Jia Y, Shang L. Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairments via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:489-503. [PMID: 34874107 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to investigate the effect of Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS, and then administrated AOF using a gavage for 6 weeks. Spatial working memory was assessed using the Y-maze and Morris water maze test, whereas the levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, GSK3β, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated using western blot and ELISA assay. Our data showed that AOF was able to significantly alleviate the memory decline in LPS-induced AD mice. Moreover, AOF was able to protect neurons through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly decrease NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampal and cortex tissues, which were reversed through the use of LY294002. Additionally, we discovered that AOF could significantly decrease the high expression of cytokines as well as the expression and translocation of NF-κB induced by LPS in PC12 cells. These results demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of AOF in both cell and animal models of AD, thereby slowing down the process and development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianqian Mao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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14
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Xu Y, Jiang C, Wu J, Liu P, Deng X, Zhang Y, Peng B, Zhu Y. Ketogenic diet ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:580-592. [PMID: 34889516 PMCID: PMC8928920 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that causes dementia and affects millions of people worldwide. Although it has devastating outcomes for patients and tremendous economic costs to society, there is currently no effective treatment available. Aims The high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is an established treatment for refractory epilepsy with a proven efficacy. Although the considerable interest has emerged in recent years for applying KD in AD patients, only few interventional studies in animals and humans have addressed the effects of KD on cognitive impairments, and the results were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of KD on cognitive functions and AD pathology in 5XFAD mice—a validated animal model of AD. Results Four months of a ketogenic diet improved spatial learning, spatial memory and working memory in 5XFAD mice. The improvement in cognitive functions was associated with a restored number of neurons and synapses in both the hippocampus and the cortex. Ketogenic diet treatment also reduced amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation, resulting in reduced neuroinflammation. The positive effect of ketogenic diet on cognitive functions depended on the starting time and the duration of the diet. A shorter period (2 months) of ketogenic diet treatment had a weaker effect. Ketogenic diet initiated at late stage of AD (9 months of age) displayed no effect on cognitive improvement. Conclusions These findings indicate positive effects of ketogenic diet on both cognitive function and histopathology in Alzheimer's disease, which could be due to reduced microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Our findings provide new insights and therapeutic interventions for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
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15
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McDonald BZ, Gee CC, Kievit FM. The Nanotheranostic Researcher’s Guide for Use of Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021; 2:224-268. [PMID: 35655793 PMCID: PMC9159501 DOI: 10.3390/jnt2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated global cost of USD 400 billion annually. Both clinical and preclinical behavioral outcomes associated with TBI are heterogeneous in nature and influenced by the mechanism and frequency of injury. Previous literature has investigated this relationship through the development of animal models and behavioral tasks. However, recent advancements in these methods may provide insight into the translation of therapeutics into a clinical setting. In this review, we characterize various animal models and behavioral tasks to provide guidelines for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of treatment options in TBI. We provide a brief review into the systems utilized in TBI classification and provide comparisons to the animal models that have been developed. In addition, we discuss the role of behavioral tasks in evaluating outcomes associated with TBI. Our goal is to provide those in the nanotheranostic field a guide for selecting an adequate TBI animal model and behavioral task for assessment of outcomes to increase research in this field.
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16
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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Bello-Medina PC, González-Franco DA, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Díaz-Cintra S. Oxidative stress, the immune response, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:682-690. [PMID: 34509401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 50 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most common type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases. Given its high incidence, it is imperative to design studies to expand our knowledge about its onset and development, and to develop early diagnosis strategies and/or possible treatments. One methodological strategy is the use of transgenic mouse models for the study of the factors involved in AD aetiology, which include oxidative stress and the immune response. DEVELOPMENT We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2019. In this review, we address 2 factors that have been studied independently, oxidative stress and the immune response, in transgenic models of AD, and discuss the relationship between these factors and their impact on the loss of synaptic and structural plasticity, resulting in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This review describes possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress and the immune response participate in the molecular, cellular, and behavioural effects of AD, observing a close relationship between these factors, which lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bello-Medina
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - D A González-Franco
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Latina de México, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - S Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Qiu C, Shen H, Zhang H, He Z, Song Z, Zhou W. The imbalance of Th17/Treg via STAT3 activation modulates cognitive impairment in P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:511-524. [PMID: 34342041 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0521-742rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide, and it is associated with various systemic diseases, including cognitive diseases. STAT3 regulates the inflammatory cascade and influences adaptive immunity by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of adaptive immunity inside and outside the brain on the association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment and understand the role of the STAT3 signaling pathway. We established Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice models by injecting P. gingivalis LPS into the gingival sulcus of mice. Behavioral tests showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired. The flow cytometry data showed an imbalance in the Th17/Treg ratio in the blood and brain samples of the mice. The expression of Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22) increased, whereas that of Treg-related cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) decreased in both the blood and the brain. The level of LPS increased and the STAT3 signaling pathway was activated during this process. These effects were reversed by C188-9, a STAT3 inhibitor. In conclusion, P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis may promote the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment by modulating the Th17/Treg balance inside and outside the brain. The STAT3 signaling pathway may have immunoregulatory effects on the mouth-to-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Cuervo-Zanatta D, Garcia-Mena J, Perez-Cruz C. Gut Microbiota Alterations and Cognitive Impairment Are Sexually Dissociated in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S195-S214. [PMID: 33492296 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal aging is accompanied by cognitive deficiencies, affecting women and men equally. Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with women having a higher risk. The higher prevalence of AD in women is associated with the abrupt hormonal decline seen after menopause. However, other factors may be involved in this sex-related cognitive decline. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) and its bioproducts have been reported in AD subjects and transgenic (Tg) mice, having a direct impact on brain amyloid-β pathology in male (M), but not in female (F) mice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to determine GM composition and cognitive dysfunction in M and F wildtype (WT) and Tg mice, in a sex/genotype segregation design. METHODS Anxiety, short term working-memory, spatial learning, and long-term spatial memory were evaluated in 6-month-old WT and Tg male mice. Fecal short chain fatty acids were determined by chromatography, and DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to determine GM differences. RESULTS We observed sex-dependent differences in cognitive skills in WT mice, favoring F mice. However, the cognitive advantage of females was lost in Tg mice. GM composition showed few sex-related differences in WT mice. Contrary, Tg-M mice presented a more severe dysbiosis than Tg-F mice. A decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was associated with cognitive deficits in Tg-F mice, while butyrate levels were positively associated with better working- and object recognition-memory in WT-F mice. CONCLUSION This report describes a sex-dependent association between GM alterations and cognitive impairment in a mice model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Pharmacology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Mexico City, Mexico.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of reference and support for the characterization of genomes, transcriptomes and microbiomes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Garcia-Mena
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of reference and support for the characterization of genomes, transcriptomes and microbiomes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Pharmacology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Benhamron S, Nitzan K, Valitsky M, Lax N, Karussis D, Kassis I, Rosenmann H. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Exchange Therapy with Artificial CSF Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretions Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:369-385. [PMID: 32474465 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the lack of effective treatments point to the need for a broader therapeutic approach to target multiple components involved in the disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of 'cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange therapy' in AD-mice. This novel therapeutic approach we recently proposed is based on the exchange of the endogenous pathogenic CSF with a new and healthy one by drainage of the endogenous CSF and its continuous replacement with artificial CSF (aCSF) enriched with secretions from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS We treated AD-mice (amyloid-beta injected) with MSC secretions-enriched-aCSF using an intracerebroventricular CSF exchange procedure. Cognitive and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS We show that the MSC secretions enriched CSF exchange therapy improved cognitive performance, paralleled with increased neuronal counts (NeuN positive cells), reduced astrocytic burden (GFAP positive cells), and increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis (Ki67 positive cells and DCX positive cells) in the hippocampus. This beneficial effect was noted on days 5-10 following 3-consecutive daily exchange treatments (3 hours a day). A stronger effect was noted using a more prolonged CSF exchange protocol (3-consecutive daily exchange treatments with 3 additional treatments twice weekly), with cognitive follow-up performed as early as 2-3 days after treatment. Some increase in hippocampal cell proliferation, but no change in the other histological parameters, was noticed when performing CSF exchange therapy using unenriched aCSF relative to untreated AD-mice, yet smaller than with the enriched aCSF treatment. CONCLUSION These findings point to the therapeutic potential of the CSF exchange therapy using MSC secretions-enriched aCSF in AD, and might be applied to other neurodegenerative and dementia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Benhamron
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Nitzan
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Valitsky
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neta Lax
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Karussis
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- The Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Bello-Medina PC, Hernández-Quiroz F, Pérez-Morales M, González-Franco DA, Cruz-Pauseno G, García-Mena J, Díaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-López G. Spatial Memory and Gut Microbiota Alterations Are Already Present in Early Adulthood in a Pre-clinical Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:595583. [PMID: 33994914 PMCID: PMC8116633 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.595583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline, extracellular β-amyloid peptide accumulation, and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and hippocampus. The triple-transgenic (3xTg) mouse model of AD presents memory impairment in several behavioral paradigms and histopathological alterations from 6 to 16 months old. Additionally, it seems that dysbiotic gut microbiota is present in both mouse models and patients of AD at the cognitive symptomatic stage. The present study aimed to assess spatial learning, memory retention, and gut microbiota alterations in an early adult stage of the 3xTg-AD mice as well as to explore its sexual dimorphism. We evaluated motor activity, novel-object localization training, and retention test as well as collected fecal samples to characterize relative abundance, alpha- and beta-diversity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis in gut microbiota in both female and male 3xTg-AD mice, and controls [non-transgenic mice (NoTg)], at 3 and 5 months old. We found spatial memory deficits in female and male 3xTg-AD but no alteration neither during training nor in motor activity. Importantly, already at 3 months old, we observed decreased relative abundances of Actinobacteria and TM7 in 3xTg-AD compared to NoTg mice, while the beta diversity of gut microbiota was different in female and male 3xTg-AD mice in comparison to NoTg. Our results suggest that gut microbiota modifications in 3xTg-AD mice anticipate and thus could be causally related to cognitive decline already at the early adult age of AD. We propose that microbiota alterations may be used as an early and non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Bello-Medina
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Diego A González-Franco
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Cruz-Pauseno
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
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22
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Pairojana T, Phasuk S, Suresh P, Huang SP, Pakaprot N, Chompoopong S, Hsieh TC, Liu IY. Age and gender differences for the behavioral phenotypes of 3xTg alzheimer's disease mice. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147437. [PMID: 33753066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD) strain is a common mouse model used for studying the pathology and mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 3xTg-AD strain exhibits two hallmarks of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles. Several studies using different gender and age of 3xTg-AD mice to investigate their behavior phenotypes under the influence of various treatments have reported mixed results. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation on the optimal gender, age, and training paradigms used for behavioral studies of 3xTg-AD is necessary. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral phenotypes for the two genders of 3xTg-AD mice at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months old and compared the results with age-, gender-matched C57BL/6N control strain. All mice were subjected to tail flick, pinprick, open field, elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and trace fear conditioning (TFC) tests to evaluate their sensory, locomotor, anxiety, and learning/memory functions. The results showed that TFC on male 3xTg-AD mice is optimal for studying the memory performance in AD. The sensory and locomotor functions of 3xTg-AD mice for two genders appear to be normal before 6 months, decline in fear memory afterwards. The differences between control and 3xTg-AD male mice in contextual and cued memory are robust, thus they are ideal for evaluating the effect of a treatment. Since it is costly and time consuming to obtain wildtype littermates as controls, C57BL/6N strain is suggested to be used as control mice because their baseline performance of sensorimotor functions are similar to that of 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanita Pairojana
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sarayut Phasuk
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pavithra Suresh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ingrid Y Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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23
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Nitzan K, Benhamron S, Valitsky M, Kesner EE, Lichtenstein M, Ben-Zvi A, Ella E, Segalstein Y, Saada A, Lorberboum-Galski H, Rosenmann H. Mitochondrial Transfer Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits, Neuronal Loss, and Gliosis in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:587-604. [PMID: 31640104 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves dysfunction of mitochondria, one of the most important cell organelles in the brain, with its most prominent roles in producing energy and regulating cellular metabolism. Here we investigated the effect of transferring active intact mitochondria as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), in order to correct as many mitochondrial functions as possible, rather than a mono-drug related therapy. For this purpose, AD-mice (amyloid-β intracerebroventricularly injected) were treated intravenously (IV) with fresh human isolated mitochondria. One to two weeks later, a significantly better cognitive performance was noticed in the mitochondria treated AD-mice relative to vehicle treated AD-mice, approaching the performance of non-AD mice. We also detected a significant decrease in neuronal loss and reduced gliosis in the hippocampus of treated mice relative to untreated AD-mice. An amelioration of the mitochondrial dysfunction in brain was noticed by the increase of citrate-synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities relative to untreated AD-mice, reaching activity levels of non-AD-mice. Increased mitochondrial activity was also detected in the liver of mitochondria treated mice. No treatment-related toxicity was noted. Thus, IV mitochondrial transfer may possibly offer a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Nitzan
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sandrine Benhamron
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Valitsky
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal E Kesner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lichtenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ezra Ella
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Segalstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haya Lorberboum-Galski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew University medical center, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Galectin-3 Secreted by Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Aberrant Tau Phosphorylation in an Alzheimer Disease Model. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8878412. [PMID: 32733573 PMCID: PMC7383310 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles has been implicated as an important pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that the inhibition of abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau in the AD brain might serve as an important drug target. Using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, such as the AD mouse model (5xFAD mice), we investigated the inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of tau using the human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). Administration of hUCB-MSCs not only ameliorated the spatial learning and memory impairments but also mitigated the hyperphosphorylation of tau in 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in mice and in vitro ThT fluorescence assay validated galectin-3 (GAL-3) as an essential factor of hUCB-MSC. Moreover, GAL-3 was observed to be involved in the removal of aberrant forms of tau, by reducing hyperphosphorylation through decrements in the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Our results confirm that GAL-3, secreted by hUCB-MSC, regulates the abnormal accumulation of tau by protein-protein interactions. This study suggests that hUCB-MSCs mitigate hyperphosphorylation of tau through GAL-3 secretion. These findings highlight the potential role of hUCB-MSCs as a therapeutic agent for aberrant tau in AD.
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25
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Syeda T, Sanchez-Tapia M, Pinedo-Vargas L, Granados O, Cuervo-Zanatta D, Rojas-Santiago E, Díaz-Cintra SA, Torres N, Perez-Cruz C. Bioactive Food Abates Metabolic and Synaptic Alterations by Modulation of Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1657-1682. [PMID: 30475761 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated an important role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GM modulates a host's health and disease by production of several substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), among others. Diet can modify the composition and diversity of GM, and ingestion of a healthy diet has been suggested to lower the risk to develop AD. We have previously shown that bioactive food (BF) ingestion can abate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improve cognition in obese rats, effects associated with GM composition. Therefore, BF can impact the gut-brain axis and improved behavior. In this study, we aim to explore if inclusion of BF in the diet may impact central pathological markers of AD by modulation of the GM. Triple transgenic 3xTg-AD (TG) female mice were fed a combination of dried nopal, soy, chia oil, and turmeric for 7 months. We found that BF ingestion improved cognition and reduced Aβ aggregates and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, BF decreased MDA levels, astrocyte and microglial activation, PSD-95, synaptophysin, GluR1 and ARC protein levels in TG mice. Furthermore, TG mice fed BF showed increased levels of pGSK-3β. GM analysis revealed that pro-inflammatory bacteria were more abundant in TG mice compared to wild-type, while BF ingestion was able to restore the GM's composition, LPS, and propionate levels to control values. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of BF may be mediated, in part, by modulation of GM and the release of neurotoxic substances that alter brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sanchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Pinedo-Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sof A Díaz-Cintra
- Instituto Nacional de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla-Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Zhang W, Guo L, Liu D, Xu G. The dynamic properties of a brain network during working memory based on the algorithm of cross-frequency coupling. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 14:215-228. [PMID: 32226563 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) refers to a memory system with limited energy for short-term maintenance and plays an important role in cognitive functions. At present, research regarding WM mostly focuses on the coordination between neural signals in the signal microelectrode channel. However, how neural signals coordinate the coding of WM at the network level is rarely studied. Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) reflects the coordinated effect between different frequency components (e.g., theta and gamma) of local field potentials (LFPs) during WM. In this study, we try to map the changes that occur in the brain networks during WM at the level of CFC between theta-gamma of LFPs. First, a 16-channel brain network by using the CFC between theta-gamma of LFPs during WM was constructed. Then, the dynamic properties of the brain network during WM were analyzed based on graph theory. Experimental results show that the LFPs power increased at the WM state than at resting stat, but decreased across learning; the CFC between theta-gamma increased with learning days and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in the WM state was higher than that in free choice state and rest state; the changes of average degree, average shortest path length and global efficiency had significant difference on learning days. We can indicate that the CFC between theta-gamma in the network plays an important role in the WM formation. Furthermore, correct storage of WM information will not change local information transmission and the small-world attribute, while, it can increase the network connection and efficiency of information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Dongzhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
| | - Guizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130 China
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27
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Yamada J, Jinno S. Potential link between antidepressant-like effects of ketamine and promotion of adult neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Commins S, Kirby BP. The complexities of behavioural assessment in neurodegenerative disorders: A focus on Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Hutton CP, Lemon JA, Sakic B, Rollo CD, Boreham DR, Fahnestock M, Wojtowicz JM, Becker S. Early Intervention with a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement Improves Mood and Spatial Memory in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:835-857. [PMID: 29914019 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and failure of conventional treatments to stop neurodegeneration necessitates an alternative approach. Evidence of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress prior to the accumulation of amyloid-β in the prodromal stage of AD (mild cognitive impairment; MCI) suggests that early interventions which counteract these features, such as dietary supplements, may ameliorate the onset of MCI-like behavioral symptoms. We administered a polyphenol-containing multiple ingredient dietary supplement (MDS), or vehicle, to both sexes of triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice and wildtype mice for 2 months from 2-4 months of age. We hypothesized that the MDS would preserve spatial learning, which is known to be impaired in untreated 3xTg-AD mice by 4 months of age. Behavioral phenotyping of animals was done at 1-2 and 3-4 months of age using a comprehensive battery of tests. As previously reported in males, both sexes of 3xTg-AD mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior at 1-2 months of age, prior to deficits in learning and memory, which did not appear until 3-4 months of age. The MDS did not reduce this anxiety or prevent impairments in novel object recognition (both sexes) or on the water maze probe trial (females only). Strikingly, the MDS specifically prevented 3xTg-AD mice (both sexes) from developing impairments (exhibited by untreated 3xTg-AD controls) in working memory and spatial learning. The MDS also increased sucrose preference, an indicator of hedonic tone. These data show that the MDS can prevent some, but not all, psychopathology in an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P Hutton
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Sakic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Amodeo DA, Pahua AE, Zarate M, Taylor JA, Peterson S, Posadas R, Oliver BL, Amodeo LR. Differences in the expression of restricted repetitive behaviors in female and male BTBR T + tf/J mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112028. [PMID: 31212059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the expression of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) and impairments in social recognition and communication. Epidemiological studies demonstrate males are three times more likely than females to be affected. Although this is the case, more recent studies suggest females may be underrepresented in these numbers due to standard clinical measures of RRBs and social behaviors. In addition, many studies examining mouse models of ASD exclude females due to the sex disparity in diagnoses. The present study examined how female and male BTBR T + Itpr3tf /J (BTBR) compare to control C57BL/6J mice on tests of RRBs (probabilistic reversal learning, repetitive grooming, spontaneous alternation, and marble burying) and social behaviors (three chambered social approach task). Utilizing a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, in which ASD individuals have exhibited deficits, we find that female BTBR mice do not show the same impairment found in male BTBR mice. Interestingly, control female C57BL/6J mice required more trials to reach criterion. Female BTBR mice expressed comparable rates of repetitive grooming, marble burying and spontaneous alternation compared to female C57BL/6J mice. Male BTBR mice expressed higher rates of grooming behavior and locomotor activity compared to male C57BL/6J mice, as found in previous studies. Similarly, male BTBR mice showed a reduction in both measures of social approach compared to controls. Both male and female BTBR mice showed a reduction in sniff time for the stranger mouse compared to controls. Together these findings demonstrate how female BTBR mice do not display the RRB profile expressed by male BTBR mice. Testing of repetitive behaviors in ASD needs to better reflect the sex differences in how RRBs manifest in females compared to their extensively researched male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States.
| | - Alma E Pahua
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Marta Zarate
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Jordan A Taylor
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Sophie Peterson
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Rebekah Posadas
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Brandon L Oliver
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Leslie R Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
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Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum extract improves learning and memory of chemically-induced aging mice through upregulating neurotrophins BDNF and FGF2 and sequestering neuroinflammation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Stimmell AC, Baglietto-Vargas D, Moseley SC, Lapointe V, Thompson LM, LaFerla FM, McNaughton BL, Wilber AA. Impaired Spatial Reorientation in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1311. [PMID: 30718609 PMCID: PMC6361963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early Alzheimer's disease (AD) spatial navigation is impaired; however, the precise cause of this impairment is unclear. Recent evidence suggests that getting lost is one of the first impairments to emerge in AD. It is possible that getting lost represents a failure to use distal cues to get oriented in space. Therefore, we set out to look for impaired use of distal cues for spatial orientation in a mouse model of amyloidosis (3xTg-AD). To do this, we trained mice to shuttle to the end of a track and back to an enclosed start box to receive a water reward. Then, mice were trained to stop in an unmarked reward zone to receive a brain stimulation reward. The time required to remain in the zone for a reward was increased across training, and the track was positioned in a random start location for each trial. We found that 6-month female, but not 3-month female, 6-month male, or 12-month male, 3xTg-AD mice were impaired. 6-month male and female mice had only intracellular pathology and male mice had less pathology, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus. Thus, AD may cause spatial disorientation as a result of impaired use of landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina C Stimmell
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Shawn C Moseley
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Valérie Lapointe
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren M Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron A Wilber
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
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Barai P, Raval N, Acharya S, Acharya N. Neuroprotective effects of Bergenia ciliata on NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells and attenuation of cognitive deficits in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:374-390. [PMID: 30227331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb. possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-urolithiatic, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes of the plant were found to demonstrate beneficial neuroprotective effects in the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced model in rats. Thus, the present study was undertaken to further explore the neuroprotective potential of the aqueous (BA) and methanolic extracts (BM) of B. ciliata through various in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Both the extracts at all tested concentrations i.e. 50-50,000 ng/mL did not cause any significant reduction of cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells when tested for 48 h when assessed through MTT and resazurin metabolism- based cell viability assays. The pre-treatment with the extracts could confer significant (p < 0.001) and dose-dependent protective effects against NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. BM [IC50: 5.7 and 5.19 μg/mL for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) respectively] led to more potent inhibition of both the enzymes as compared to BA (IC50: 227.12 and 23.25 μg/mL for AChE and BuChE respectively). BM also proved to be a 1.85-fold better scavenger of the DPPH free radicals as compared to BA. Thus, BM was taken further for the evaluation of the beneficial effects of 14-day pre-treatment in rats in the scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia model at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. BM pre-treatment at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly ameliorate the cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), inhibit AChE (p < 0.001) and BuChE (p < 0.05) activity, restore GSH levels (p < 0.05) in serum and brain homogenates and recover the morphology of hippocampal neurons back to normal. Moreover, the BM administration at 500 mg/kg also showed beneficial effects through the significant (p < 0.05) reduction of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and GSK-3β immunoreactivity in the brain homogenates of the intracerebroventricularly streptozotocin (ICV STZ) injected rats as observed from the results of the ELISA assays. The outcomes of the study unveiled that BM exerts its beneficial effects through prevention of NMDA induced excitotoxic cell death, dual cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity coupled with the reduction of the immunoreactivity for the Aβ1-42, p-tau and GSK-3β indicating its potential to be screened further for various other models to determine the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Barai
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisith Raval
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa, 306230, U. T. of D&NH, India
| | - Niyati Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
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Ameen-Ali KE, Wharton SB, Simpson JE, Heath PR, Sharp P, Berwick J. Review: Neuropathology and behavioural features of transgenic murine models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 43:553-570. [PMID: 28880417 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the underlying biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been steadily progressing; however, this is yet to translate into a successful treatment in humans. The use of transgenic mouse models has helped to develop our understanding of AD, not only in terms of disease pathology, but also with the associated cognitive impairments typical of AD. Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are often among the last pathological changes in AD mouse models, after neuronal loss and gliosis. There is a general consensus that successful treatments need to be applied before the onset of these pathologies and associated cognitive symptoms. This review discusses the different types of AD mouse models in terms of the temporal progression of the disease, how well they replicate the pathological changes seen in human AD and their cognitive defects. We provide a critical assessment of the behavioural tests used with AD mice to assess cognitive changes and decline, and discuss how successfully they correlate with cognitive impairments in humans with AD. This information is an important tool for AD researchers when deciding on appropriate mouse models, and when selecting measures to assess behavioural and cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ameen-Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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35
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Barai P, Raval N, Acharya S, Acharya N. Bergenia ciliata ameliorates streptozotocin-induced spatial memory deficits through dual cholinesterase inhibition and attenuation of oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:966-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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