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Negi N, Selvamani SB, Ramasamy GG, Nagarjuna Reddy KV, Pathak J, Thiruvengadam V, Mohan M, Dubey VK, Sushil SN. Identification and expression dynamics of CYPome across different developmental stages of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101305. [PMID: 39128380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Maconellicoccus hirsutus is a highly polyphagous insect pest, posing a substantial threat to various crop sp., especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. While extensive physiological and biological studies have been conducted on this pest, the lack of genetic information has hindered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, development, and xenobiotic metabolism. The Cytochrome P450 gene, a member of the CYP gene superfamily ubiquitous in living organisms is associated with growth, development, and the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substances, contributing to the insect's adaptability in diverse environments. To elucidate the specific role of the CYP450 gene family in M. hirsutus which has remained largely unexplored, a de novo transcriptome assembly of the pink mealybug was constructed. A total of 120 proteins were annotated as CYP450 genes through homology search of the predicted protein sequences across different databases. Phylogenetic studies resulted in categorizing 120 CYP450 genes into four CYP clans. A total of 22 CYP450 families and 30 subfamilies were categorized, with CYP6 forming the dominant family. The study also revealed five genes (Halloween genes) associated with the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway. Further, the expression of ten selected CYP450 genes was studied using qRT-PCR across crawler, nymph, and adult stages, and identified genes that were expressed at specific stages of the insects. Thus, the findings of this study reveal the expression dynamics and possible function of the CYP450 gene family in the growth, development, and adaptive strategies of M. hirsutus which can be further functionally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Negi
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India; Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492012, India. https://twitter.com/NegiNikita92892
| | - Selva Babu Selvamani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India. https://twitter.com/MithranSelva
| | - Gandhi Gracy Ramasamy
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India.
| | - K V Nagarjuna Reddy
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India; Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab - 144411, India. https://twitter.com/arjun06001332
| | - Jyoti Pathak
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Venkatesan Thiruvengadam
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Muthugounder Mohan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492012, India
| | - Satya N Sushil
- ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
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Yuan X, Li H, Guo X, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Wang G, Li W, Zhao M. Functional roles of two novel P450 genes in the adaptability of Conogethes punctiferalis to three commonly used pesticides. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186804. [PMID: 37457033 PMCID: PMC10338330 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insect cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play important roles in the detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics, such as plant allelochemicals, mycotoxins and pesticides. The polyphagous Conogethes punctiferalis is a serious economic pest of fruit trees and agricultural crops, and it shows high adaptability to different living environments. Methods: The two novel P450 genes CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 were identified and characterized. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology was used to study the expression patterns of the two target genes in different larval developmental stages and tissues of C. punctiferalis. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to study the potential functions of the two P450 genes by treating RNAi-silenced larvae with three commonly used pesticides. Results: The CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 genes were expressed throughout various C. punctiferalis larval stages and in different tissues. Their expression levels increased along with larval development, and expression levels of the two target genes in the midgut were significantly higher than in other tissues. The toxicity bioassay results showed that the LC50 values of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin on C. punctiferalis larvae were 0.2028 μg/g, 0.0683 μg/g and 0.6110 mg/L, respectively. After treating with different concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin (LC10, LC30, LC50), independently, the relative expressions of the two genes CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 were significantly induced. After the dsRNA injection, the expression profiles of the two CYP genes were reduced 72.91% and 70.94%, respectively, and the mortality rates of the larvae significantly increased when treated with the three insecticides independently at LC10 values. Discussion: In the summary, after interfering with the CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 in C. punctiferalis, respectively, the sensitivity of C. punctiferalis to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin was significantly increased, indicating that the two CYP6 genes were responsible for the adaptability of C. punctiferalis to the three chemical insecticides in C. punctiferalis. The results from this study demonstrated that CYP6CV1 and CYP6AB51 in C. punctiferalis play crucial roles in the detoxification of chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianru Guo
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaoping Wang
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao X, Wu H, Yue S, Chen X, Huang Y, Cao H, Liao M. Role of CYP6MS subfamily enzymes in detoxification of Sitophilus zeamais after exposure to terpinen-4-ol and limonene. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105426. [PMID: 37248004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Food security is an important basis and guarantee to national safety, the loss caused by storage pests was a serious problem which affects the food security widely. Frequent application of chemical pesticides caused several critical crises including the development of resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and exposure risk to human or non-target organisms. The utilization of volatile components acts as a natural alternative for controlling storage pests has aroused extensive interest in recent years. It has been reported that terpinene-4-ol and limonene showed significant insecticidal activity against Sitophilus zeamais in our previous studies, which was evaluated to have strong influences to CYP450 genes. To determine the links and roles of related genes, we identified the SzCYP6MS subfamily genes which encoded a putative protein of 493 or 494 amino acids. Then, the expression of four CYP6MS subfamily genes were increased significantly under the fumigation stress by terpinen-4-ol and limonene, which was determined by the RT-qPCR analysis compared with non-fumigated colonies. In addition, we determined that RNAi-mediated CYP6MS genes knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of S. zeamais to terpinen-4-ol and limonene, the mortality rates of insects with knocked down CYP6MS1, CYP6MS5, CYP6MS6, CYP6MS8, and CYP6MS9 genes increased by 25%, 25%, 16%, 17%, and 4% in terpinen-4-ol treatment groups and by 29%, 25%, 15%, 22%, and 3% in limonene treatment groups compared with that in the control groups, respectively. Finally, it was validated that CYP6MS5 exhibited the most stable binding with terpinen-4-ol that was similar to the result between CYP6MS8 and limonene which were verified by molecular docking analysis. In together, this study demonstrates the potential of terpinen-4-ol and limonene used as novel botanical pesticides to control storage pests, thereby reducing application of chemical pesticides and postponing resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuaili Yue
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Gao S, Guo X, Liu S, Li S, Zhang J, Xue S, Tang Q, Zhang K, Li R. Cytochrome P450 gene CYP6BQ8 mediates terpinen-4-ol susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:271-281. [PMID: 36636814 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene (CYP6BQ8) from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that TcCYP6BQ8 expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of T. castaneum compared with other developmental stages. Tissue expression profiles showed that TcCYP6BQ8 was mainly expressed in the head and integument of both larvae and adults. The expression profiling of TcCYP6BQ8 in developmental stages and tissues is closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. TcCYP6BQ8 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA interference against TcCYP6BQ8 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.78 to 66.67%. This indicates that TcCYP6BQ8 may be involved in T. castaneum's metabolism of terpinen-4-ol. Correlation investigation between the CYP6BQ8 gene and terpinen-4-ol resistance in T. castaneum revealed that the TcCYP6BQ8 gene was one of the factors behind T. castaneum's resistance to terpinen-4-ol. This discovery may provide a new theoretical foundation for future regulation of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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Lee SA, Kim V, Choi B, Lee H, Chun YJ, Cho KS, Kim D. Functional Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster CYP6A8 Fatty Acid Hydroxylase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:82-88. [PMID: 35934685 PMCID: PMC9810445 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis indicated that the genome of Drosophila melanogaster contains more than 80 cytochrome P450 genes. To date, the enzymatic activity of these P450s has not been extensively studied. Here, the biochemical properties of CYP6A8 were characterized. CYP6A8 was cloned into the pCW vector, and its recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography. Its expression level was approximately 130 nmol per liter of culture. Purified CYP6A8 exhibited a low-spin state in the absolute spectra of the ferric forms. Binding titration analysis indicated that lauric acid and capric acid produced type І spectral changes, with Kd values 28 ± 4 and 144 ± 20 μM, respectively. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the oxidation reaction of lauric acid produced (ω-1)-hydroxylated lauric acid as a major product and ω-hydroxy-lauric acid as a minor product. Steady-state kinetic analysis of lauric acid hydroxylation yielded a kcat value of 0.038 ± 0.002 min-1 and a Km value of 10 ± 2 μM. In addition, capric acid hydroxylation of CYP6A8 yielded kinetic parameters with a kcat value of 0.135 ± 0.007 min-1 and a Km value of 21 ± 4 μM. Because of the importance of various lipids as carbon sources, the metabolic analysis of fatty acids using CYP6A8 in this study can provide an understanding of the biochemical roles of P450 enzymes in many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-2-450-3366, Fax: +82-2-3436-5432
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Wang YQ, Li GY, Li L, Song QS, Stanley D, Wei SJ, Zhu JY. Genome-wide and expression-profiling analyses of the cytochrome P450 genes in Tenebrionidea. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21954. [PMID: 36065122 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are present in almost all areas of the tree of life. As one of the largest and most diverse superfamilies of multifunctional enzymes, they play important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics and biosynthesis of endogenous compounds, shaping the success of insects. In this study, the CYPome (an omics term for all the CYP genes in a genome) diversification was examined in the four Tenebrionidea species through genome-wide analysis. A total of 483 CYP genes were identified, of which 103, 157, 122, and 101 were respectively deciphered from the genomes of Tebebrio molitor, Asbolus verucosus, Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus. These CYPs were classified into four major clans (mitochondrial, CYP2, CYP3, and CYP4), and clans CYP3 and CYP4 are most diverse. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most CYPs of these Tenebrionidea beetles from each clan had a very close 1:1 orthology to each other, suggesting that they originate closely and have evolutionally conserved function. Expression analysis at different developmental stages and in various tissues showed the life stage-, gut-, salivary gland-, fat body-, Malpighian tubule-, antennae-, ovary- and testis-specific expression patterns of T. molitor CYP genes, implying their various potential roles in development, detoxification, immune response, digestion, olfaction, and reproduction. Our studies provide a platform to understand the evolution of Tenebrionidea CYP gene superfamily, and a basis for further functional investigation of the T. molitor CYPs involved in various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Xiong T, Ling SQ, Liu JL, Zeng XN. Insecticidal and P450 mediate metabolism of fluralaner against red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105184. [PMID: 36127046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), a worldwide invasive and polyphagous pest, and often nests in residential areas. Finding an alternative pesticide that is both effective on S. invicta and environmentally friendly is urgent and crucial. Fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline insecticide, has been proven to possess selective toxicity for insects versus mammals and has been safe for mammals and non-target organisms, suggesting its potential in pest management. However, little toxicity information is available for the controlment of S. invicta. In this article, we studied the toxicity of fluralaner against S. invicta systematically, and the roles of metabolism-related enzymes in the metabolism process of fluralaner. The toxicity results showed that the topical application and feeding application were all effective for S. invicta. Moreover, fluralaner can be transmitted among workers by contacting and feeding which leads to a toxic reaction among nestmates. By exploring the biochemistry change, we found cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) may be involved in the detoxification of fluralaner as well as carboxylesterase (CarE), but not glutathione S-transferase (GST). Synergism assays gave solid evidence in which piperonyl butoxide, an activity inhibitor of P450, increased the toxicity of fluralaner to S. invicta. Importantly, with the RNAi treatment, four of S.invicta P450 genes were significantly inhibited and showed more sensitivity to fluralaner at LC50 concentration. Our result indicated that fluralaner could be a potential alternative pesticide in S. invicta control. And CYP9AS16, CYP6AS161, CYP6SQ20, and CYP336A45 genes were closely associated with the metabolism process of fluralaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing West Road, 621000 Mianyang, China
| | - Si-Quan Ling
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Nian Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Kaleem Ullah RM, Gökçe A, Bakhsh A, Salim M, Wu HY, Naqqash MN. Insights into the Use of Eco-Friendly Synergists in Resistance Management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090846. [PMID: 36135547 PMCID: PMC9500713 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most notorious insect pest of potato globally. Injudicious use of insecticides for management of this pest has resulted in resistance to all major groups of insecticides along with many human, animal health, and environmental concerns. Additionally, the input cost of insecticide development/discovery is markedly increasing because each year thousands of chemicals are produced and tested for their insecticidal properties, requiring billions of dollars. For the management of resistance in insect pests, synergists can play a pivotal role by reducing the application dose of most insecticides. These eco-friendly synergists can be classified into two types: plant-based synergists and RNAi-based synergists. The use of plant-based and RNAi-based synergists in resistance management of insect pests can give promising results with lesser environmental side effects. This review summarizes the resistance status of CPB and discusses the potential advantage of plant-based and RNAi-based synergists for CPB resistance management. It will motivate researchers to further investigate the techniques of using plant- and RNAi-based synergists in combination with insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ayhan Gökçe
- Department of Plant Production & Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğ de Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51200, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Plant Production & Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğ de Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51200, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Salim
- Department of Plant Production & Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğ de Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51200, Turkey
| | - Hai Yan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Nadir Naqqash
- Department of Plant Production & Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğ de Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51200, Turkey
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS—University of Agriculture Multan Pakistan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Katsavou E, Riga M, Ioannidis P, King R, Zimmer CT, Vontas J. Functionally characterized arthropod pest and pollinator cytochrome P450s associated with xenobiotic metabolism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105005. [PMID: 35082029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 family (P450s) of arthropods includes diverse enzymes involved in endogenous essential physiological functions and in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, insecticides and plant allelochemicals. P450s can also establish insecticide selectivity in bees and pollinators. Several arthropod P450s, distributed in different phylogenetic groups, have been associated with xenobiotic metabolism, and some of them have been functionally characterized, using different in vitro and in vivo systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize scientific publications on arthropod P450s from major insect and mite agricultural pests, pollinators and Papilio sp, which have been functionally characterized and shown to metabolize xenobiotics and/or their role (direct or indirect) in pesticide toxicity or resistance has been functionally validated. The phylogenetic relationships among these P450s, the functional systems employed for their characterization and their xenobiotic catalytic properties are presented, in a systematic approach, including critical aspects and limitations. The potential of the primary P450-based metabolic pathway of target and non-target organisms for the development of highly selective insecticides and resistance-breaking formulations may help to improve the efficiency and sustainability of pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Katsavou
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rob King
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland
| | - John Vontas
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Shi Y, Qu Q, Wang C, He Y, Yang Y, Wu Y. Involvement of CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s of Helicoverpa armigera in xenobiotic metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103696. [PMID: 34800643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s are relatively conserved genes encoding enzymes generally thought to be involved in biosynthesis or metabolism of endobiotics. However, emerging evidence argues they have potential roles in chemical defense as well, but their actual detoxification functions remain largely unknown. Here, we focused on the full complement of 8 CYP2 and 10 mitochondrial P450s in the generalist herbivore, Helicoverpa armigera. Their varied spatiotemporal expression profiles were analyzed and reflected their specific functions. For functional study of the mitochondrial clan P450s, the redox partners, adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) and adrenodoxin (Adx), were identified from genomes of eight insects and an efficient in vitro electron transfer system of mitochondrial P450 was established by co-expression with Adx and AdR of H. armigera. All CYP2 clan P450s and 8 mitochondrial P450s were successfully expressed in Sf9 cells and compared functionally. In vitro metabolism assays showed that two CYP2 clan P450s (CYP305B1 and CYP18A1) and CYP333B3 (mito clan) could epoxidize aldrin to dieldrin, while CYP305B1 and CYP339A1 (mito clan) have limited but significant hydroxylation capacities to esfenvalerate. CYP303A1 of the CYP2 clan exhibits high metabolic efficiency to 2-tridecanone. Screening the xenobiotic metabolism competence of CYP2 and mitochondrial clan P450s not only provides new insights on insect chemical defense but also can give indications on their physiological functions in H. armigera and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qiong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yingshi He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Wu Z, Pu X, Shu B, Bin S, Lin J. Transcriptome analysis of putative detoxification genes in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3857-3870. [PMID: 32483911 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a notorious pest that transmits the causal agent of huanglongbing (also called citrus greening disease). Resistance to insecticide in this destructive pest poses a serious threat to the citrus industry. To date, no systemic studies on genes coding for detoxification enzymes has been carried out on D. citri. RESULTS Multiple transcriptomes were generated through deep sequencing of RNA libraries. Candidate genes potentially involved in detoxification including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and esterases (ESTs) were systematically identified by searching the transcriptomes and a draft genome assembly. A total of 49, 14 and 20 genes were found encoding CYPs, GSTs, and ESTs, respectively, in D. citri. The total numbers of candidate detoxification genes were much smaller than the counterparts reported in other insect species, which may reflect the strict oligophagy of this insect species. Developmental stage- and tissue-specific expression patterns of the identified genes as well as their responses to insecticide treatments identified a small set of genes that could participate in detoxifying plant secondary metabolites and insecticides. CONCLUSION Our studies represent the most comprehensive investigation to date on identification, characterization and expression profiling of detoxification genes in D. citri. The information revealed in this study shall be useful in designing strategies to manage this important insect pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Pu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Bin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Scanlan JL, Gledhill-Smith RS, Battlay P, Robin C. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila suggest that the ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family encodes the 'detoxification-by-phosphorylation' enzymes of insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 123:103429. [PMID: 32540344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is a phase II detoxification reaction that, among animals, occurs near exclusively in insects, but the enzymes responsible have never been cloned or otherwise identified. We propose the hypothesis that members of the arthropod-specific ecdysteroid kinase-like (EcKL) gene family encode detoxicative kinases. To test this hypothesis, we annotated the EcKL gene family in 12 species of Drosophila and explored their evolution within the genus. Many ancestral EcKL clades are evolutionarily unstable and have experienced repeated gene gain and loss events, while others are conserved as single-copy orthologs. Leveraging multiple published gene expression datasets from D. melanogaster, and using the cytochrome P450s-a classical detoxification family-as a test case, we demonstrate relationships between xenobiotic induction, detoxification tissue-enriched expression and evolutionary instability in the EcKLs and the P450s. We devised a systematic method for identifying candidate detoxification genes in large gene families that is concordant with experimentally determined functions of P450 genes in D. melanogaster. Applying this method to the EcKLs suggested a significant proportion of these genes play roles in detoxification, and that the EcKLs may constitute a detoxification gene family in insects. Additionally, we estimate that between 11 and 16 uncharacterised D. melanogaster P450s are strong detoxification candidates. Lastly, we also found previously unreported genomic and transcriptomic variation in a number of EcKLs and P450s associated with toxic stress phenotypes using a targeted phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach in D. melanogaster, presenting multiple future avenues of research for detoxification genetics in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Scanlan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca S Gledhill-Smith
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul Battlay
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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13
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Rohde PD, Jensen IR, Sarup PM, Ørsted M, Demontis D, Sørensen P, Kristensen TN. Genetic Signatures of Drug Response Variability in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2019; 213:633-650. [PMID: 31455722 PMCID: PMC6781897 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic basis underlying variation in response to environmental exposures or treatments is important in many research areas. For example, knowing the set of causal genetic variants for drug responses could revolutionize personalized medicine. We used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the genetic signature underlying behavioral variability in response to methylphenidate (MPH), a drug used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We exposed a wild-type D. melanogaster population to MPH and a control treatment, and observed an increase in locomotor activity in MPH-exposed individuals. Whole-genome transcriptomic analyses revealed that the behavioral response to MPH was associated with abundant gene expression alterations. To confirm these patterns in a different genetic background and to further advance knowledge on the genetic signature of drug response variability, we used a system of inbred lines, the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Based on the DGRP, we showed that the behavioral response to MPH was strongly genotype-dependent. Using an integrative genomic approach, we incorporated known gene interactions into the genomic analyses of the DGRP, and identified putative candidate genes for variability in drug response. We successfully validated 71% of the investigated candidate genes by gene expression knockdown. Furthermore, we showed that MPH has cross-generational behavioral and transcriptomic effects. Our findings establish a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms driving genotype-specific responses to medical treatment, and highlight the opportunities that integrative genomic approaches have in optimizing medical treatment of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palle Duun Rohde
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Iben Ravnborg Jensen
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
| | - Pernille Merete Sarup
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Michael Ørsted
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Section for Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Denmark
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
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Knockdown of the neuronal gene Lim3 at the early stages of development affects mitochondrial function and lifespan in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 181:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wu ZZ, Zhang H, Qu MQ, Cui Y, Chen MS, Bin SY, Lin JT. Candidate genes involved in spiroacetal biosynthesis in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100601. [PMID: 31203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spiroacetals are widespread in nature as components of volatile semiochemical secretions from many insect species. The general pathway for spiroacetal biosynthesis in Bactrocera sp. is preliminarily established, but many genes involved in this pathway remain to be characterized. By analyzing transcriptomes of the rectal glands (RGs) from immature and mature females of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, a set of genes encoding two acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs), two fatty acid synthases (FASs), eight desaturases (DESs), twelve fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs), seventy-two cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), and twenty-three odorant binding proteins (OBPs) were identified. We investigated the expression of candidate genes in immature and mature stages based on the RNA-seq data and Real-time quantitative PCR. Expression profiling revealed that some of these genes were primarily expressed in female rectal glands among different tissues, and were up-regulated in mature females. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays were also adapted to examine tissue-specific expression of selected candidate genes. Additionally, their putative functions in spiroacetal synthesis and transportation are proposed. Our study provided large-scale sequence information for further functional studies on spiroacetal biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Wu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qiu Qu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cui
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Shun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Shu-Ying Bin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tian Lin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China.
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Mittapelly P, Bansal R, Michel A. Differential Expression of Cytochrome P450 CYP6 Genes in the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1403-1410. [PMID: 30753513 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome (CYP) P450s are a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify xenobiotics and regulate numerous physiological processes in insects. The genomes of phytophagous insects usually contain large numbers of P450s, especially within the CYP3 clan. Within this clan, CYP6 subfamily members help detoxify plant host secondary metabolites. In this study, we analyzed three CYP6 genes in the highly polyphagous invasive pest, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), commonly known as brown marmorated stink bug. We characterized and validated the expression of HhCYP6BQ27, HhCYP6BK13, and HhCYP6BK24 among sexes, tissues (gut, fat body, and Malpighian tubules) and hosts (apple, corn, soybean). Sequence characterization by amino acid alignments confirmed the presence of conserved motifs typical of the P450 superfamily. No significant differences existed in gene expression among sexes or when fed different hosts, suggesting that these transcripts might have broad substrate specificities. However, significant differences in gene expression were observed among the tissues studied and were gene-dependent. Collectively, the results show that H. halys differentially expressed CYP6 genes among tissues, which may be related to important and specific physiological functions. This study has increased our understanding of H. halys biology that can be useful for functional studies and can potentially be exploited in developing sustainable pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raman Bansal
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Andy Michel
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
- The Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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Cullere M, Schiavone A, Dabbou S, Gasco L, Dalle Zotte A. Meat Quality and Sensory Traits of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed with Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia Illucens L.) Larvae Fat as Alternative Fat Source. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E140. [PMID: 30986996 PMCID: PMC6523764 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is limited knowledge about the possible utilization of the fat fraction derived from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae processing. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler finisher diet, on the quality and sensory traits of their meat. At 21 days of age, 120 male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (5 replicates and 8 birds/pen): a basal control diet (C), and two groups in which either 50% or 100% of the soybean oil was replaced with HI larvae fat (the HI50 and HI100 group, respectively). At day 48, 15 birds (3 birds/pen) per group were slaughtered, and breasts and legs were excised and used for meat quality evaluations. Breast and leg physical meat quality, nutritional composition and sensory profile remained substantially unaffected by the dietary treatments. In contrast, the dietary incorporation of HI larvae fat modified the fatty acid (FA) profile of both the breast and leg meat cuts: the proportion of saturated fatty acids increased (p < 0.0001) to the detriment of the polyunsaturated (PUFA) fraction (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the meat n-6/n-3 ratio increased in the HI50 and HI100 groups compared to the C group. HI larvae fat dietary inclusion decreased the monounsaturated fatty acids in the breast (p = 0.0012) but not in the leg meat. Further research should focus on the improvement of the FA profile of the larvae through substrate modulation, or by combining HI larvae with a PUFA-rich feedstuff in feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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18
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Li Q, Sun Z, Shi Q, Wang R, Xu C, Wang H, Song Y, Zeng R. RNA-Seq Analyses of Midgut and Fat Body Tissues Reveal the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Spodoptera litura Resistance to Tomatine. Front Physiol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30723417 PMCID: PMC6349761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce secondary metabolites to provide chemical defense against herbivorous insects, whereas insects can induce the expression of detoxification metabolism-related unigenes in counter defense to plant xenobiotics. Tomatine is an important secondary metabolite in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) that can protect the plant from bacteria and insects. However, the mechanism underlying the adaptation of Spodoptera litura, a major tomato pest, to tomatine in tomato is largely unclear. In this study, we first found that the levels of tomatine in tomatoes subjected to S. litura treatment were significantly increased. Second, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of tomatine on S. litura by adding moderate amounts of commercial tomatine to an artificial diet. Then, we utilized RNA-Seq to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut and fat body tissues of S. litura exposed to an artificial diet supplemented with tomatine. In total, upon exposure to tomatine, 134 and 666 genes were upregulated in the S. litura midgut and fat body, respectively. These DEGs comprise a significant number of detoxification-related genes, including 7 P450 family genes, 8 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, 6 ABC transport enzyme genes, 9 UDP-glucosyltransferases genes and 3 carboxylesterases genes. Moreover, KEGG analysis demonstrated that the upregulated genes were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450s, ABC transporters and drug metabolism by other enzymes. Furthermore, as numerous GSTs were induced by tomatine in S. litura, we chose one gene, namely GSTS1, to confirm the detoxification function on tomatine. Expression profiling revealed that GSTS1 transcripts were mainly expressed in larvae, and the levels were the highest in the midgut. Finally, when larvae were injected with double-stranded RNA specific to GSTS1, the transcript levels in the midgut and fat body decreased, and the negative effect of the plant xenobiotic tomatine on larval growth was magnified. These results preliminarily clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of S. litura to tomatine, establishing a foundation for subsequent pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Li
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang JD, Wang WZ, Wang YR, Gao SJ, Elzaki M, Wang R, Wang R, Wu M. Response of detoxification and immune genes and of transcriptome expression in Mythimna separata following chlorantraniliprole exposure. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Seong KM, Coates BS, Berenbaum MR, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Comparative CYP-omic analysis between the DDT-susceptible and -resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains 91-C and 91-R. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2530-2543. [PMID: 29656515 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are involved in the biosynthesis of endogenous intracellular compounds and the metabolism of xenobiotics, including chemical insecticides. We investigated the structural and expression level variance across all P450 genes with respect to the evolution of insecticide resistance under multigenerational dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) selection. RESULTS RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the transcript levels of seven P450 genes were significantly up-regulated and three P450 genes were down-regulated in the DDT-resistant strain 91-R, as compared to the control strain 91-C. The overexpression of Cyp6g1 was associated with the presence of an Accord and an HMS-Beagle element insertion in the 5' upstream region in conjunction with copy number variation in the 91-R strain, but not in the 91-C strain. A total of 122 (50.2%) fixed nonsynonymous (amino acid-changing) mutations were found between 91-C and 91-R, and 20 (8.2%) resulted in amino acid changes within functional domains. Three P450 proteins were truncated as a result of premature stop codons and fixed between strains. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that a combination of changes in P450 protein-coding regions and transcript levels are possibly associated with DDT resistance, and thereby suggest that selection for variant function may occur within this gene family in response to chronic DDT exposure. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Zhang X, Kang X, Wu H, Silver K, Zhang J, Ma E, Zhu KY. Transcriptome-wide survey, gene expression profiling and exogenous chemical-induced transcriptional responses of cytochrome P450 superfamily genes in migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 100:66-77. [PMID: 29959977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) belong to a large superfamily of heme-containing enzymes catalyzing at least 60 different types of chemically distinct reactions. Insect CYPs play key roles in biotransformation of insecticides and plant chemicals, and are implicated in insecticide resistance and insect adaptation to their host plants. Insect CYPs are well studied in model insects, but little is known about the CYP superfamily in paurometabolous insects. We employed Illumina sequencing technology to identify 71 partial and 78 full-length open reading frames (ORFs) of LmCYP genes from the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), one of the most destructive paurometabolous insect pests in the world. Seventy-eight LmCYPs with complete ORFs were formally named and classified into 19 families and 43 subfamilies. The majority of LmCYPs were mainly expressed in nymphal and adult stages, but LmCYP expression varied widely among thirteen different tissues examined. Regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter regions of LmCYP genes, and subsequent exposure of locusts to 12 different exogenous chemicals showed that 2-tridecanone and xanthotoxin were the most effective at increasing LmCYP expression. Our results represent the first transcriptome-wide analysis of the LmCYP superfamily from migratory locust, and provide a foundation for understanding the physiological functions, functional diversity, evolution, and regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of the CYP gene superfamily in the locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaolin Kang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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22
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhang Z, Wang L, Guo H, Li Z, He P, Liu Z, Fang J. Differential Expression of P450 Genes and nAChR Subunits Associated With Imidacloprid Resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1382-1387. [PMID: 29617902 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a key insecticide used for controlling sucking insect pests, including the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), an important agricultural pest of rice. A strain of L. striatellus (YN-ILR) developed 21-fold resistance when selected with imidacloprid on a susceptible YN strain. An in vitro study on piperonyl butoxide synergism indicated that enhanced detoxification mediated by cytochrome P450s contributed to imidacloprid resistance to some extent, and multiple P450 genes showed altered expression in the imidacloprid-resistant YN-ILR strain compared with the susceptible YN strain (CYP425B1-CYP6BD10 had 1.51- to 11.45-fold higher expression, CYP4CE2-CYP4DD1V2 had 0.12- to 0.57-fold lower expression). While there were no mutations in target nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes, subunits of Lsα1, Lsβ1, and Lsβ3 in the YN-ILR strain showed 3.86-, 4.39-, and 2.59-fold higher expression and Lsa8 displayed 0.38-fold lower expression than the YN strain. Moreover, 21-fold moderate imidacloprid resistance in individuals of L. striatellus did not produce a fitness cost. The findings suggest that L. striatellus has the capacity to develop resistance to imidacloprid through P450 detoxification and potential target nAChR expression changes, and moderate imidacloprid resistance was not associated with a fitness cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
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23
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Traylor MJ, Baek JM, Richards KE, Fusetto R, Huang W, Josh P, Chen Z, Bollapragada P, O'Hair RAJ, Batterham P, Gillam EMJ. Recombinant expression and characterization of Lucilia cuprina CYP6G3: Activity and binding properties toward multiple pesticides. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:14-22. [PMID: 28918158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, is a primary cause of sheep flystrike and a major agricultural pest. Cytochrome P450 enzymes have been implicated in the resistance of L. cuprina to several classes of insecticides. In particular, CYP6G3 is a L. cuprina homologue of Drosophila melanogaster CYP6G1, a P450 known to confer multi-pesticide resistance. To investigate the basis of resistance, a bicistronic Escherichia coli expression system was developed to co-express active L. cuprina CYP6G3 and house fly (Musca domestica) P450 reductase. Recombinant CYP6G3 showed activity towards the high-throughput screening substrates, 7-ethoxycoumarin and p-nitroanisole, but not towards p-nitrophenol, coumarin, 7-benzyloxyresorufin, or seven different luciferin derivatives (P450-Glo™ substrates). The addition of house fly cytochrome b5 enhanced the kcat for p-nitroanisole dealkylation approximately two fold (17.8 ± 0.5 vs 9.6 ± 0.2 min-1) with little effect on KM (13 ± 1 vs 10 ± 1 μM). Inhibition studies and difference spectroscopy revealed that the organochlorine compounds, DDT and endosulfan, and the organophosphate pesticides, malathion and chlorfenvinphos, bind to the active site of CYP6G3. All four pesticides showed type I binding spectra with spectral dissociation constants in the micromolar range suggesting that they may be substrates of CYP6G3. While no significant inhibition was seen with the organophosphate, diazinon, or the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, diazinon showed weak binding in spectral assays, with a Kd value of 23 ± 3 μM CYP6G3 metabolised diazinon to the diazoxon and hydroxydiazinon metabolites and imidacloprid to the 5-hydroxy and olefin metabolites, consistent with a proposed role of CYP6G enzymes in metabolism of phosphorothioate and neonicotinoid insecticides in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Traylor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Jong-Min Baek
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Katelyn E Richards
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Roberto Fusetto
- The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - W Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Josh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Padma Bollapragada
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- The Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
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Wu Y, Zheng H, Corona M, Pirk C, Meng F, Zheng Y, Hu F. Comparative transcriptome analysis on the synthesis pathway of honey bee (Apis mellifera) mandibular gland secretions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4530. [PMID: 28674395 PMCID: PMC5495765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretions from mandibular glands (MGs) have important caste-specific functions that are associated with the social evolution of honey bees. To gain insights into the molecular architecture underlying these caste differences, we compared the gene expression patterns of MGs from queens, queenright workers (WQRs) and queenless workers (WQLs) using high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology. In total, we identified 46 candidate genes associated with caste-specific biosynthesis of fatty acid pheromones in the MG, including members of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family and genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ω-oxidation. For further identification of the CYP450s genes involved in the biosynthesis of MG secretions, we analyzed by means of qPCR, the expression levels of six of the CYP450 genes most abundantly expressed in the transcriptome analysis across different castes, ages, tasks and tissues. Our analysis revealed that CYP6AS8 and CYP6AS11, the most abundantly expressed CYP450 genes in worker and queen MGs, respectively, are selectively expressed in the MGs of workers and queens compared to other tissues. These results suggest that these genes might be responsible for the critical bifurcated hydroxylation process in the biosynthesis pathway. Our study contributes to the description of the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived pheromones in the MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQi Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - HuoQing Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Miguel Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Christian Pirk
- Social Insect research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fei Meng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - YuFei Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - FuLiang Hu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
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25
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Huang Y, Lu XP, Wang LL, Wei D, Feng ZJ, Zhang Q, Xiao LF, Dou W, Wang JJ. Functional characterization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from Bactrocera dorsalis: Possible involvement in susceptibility to malathion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18394. [PMID: 26681597 PMCID: PMC4683403 DOI: 10.1038/srep18394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is essential for cytochrome P450 catalysis, which is important in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics. In this study, two transcripts of Bactrocera dorsalis CPR (BdCPR) were cloned, and the deduced amino-acid sequence had an N-terminus membrane anchor for BdCPR-X1 and three conserved binding domains (FMN, FAD, and NADP), as well as an FAD binding motif and catalytic residues for both BdCPR-X1 and BdCPR-X2. BdCPR-X1 was detected to have the high expression levels in adults and in Malpighian tubules, fat bodies, and midguts of adults, but BdCPR-X2 expressed lowly in B. dorsalis. The levels of BdCPRs were similar in malathion-resistant strain compared to susceptible strain. However, injecting adults with double-stranded RNA against BdCPR significantly reduced the transcript levels of the mRNA, and knockdown of BdCPR increased adult susceptibility to malathion. Expressing complete BdCPR-X1 cDNA in Sf9 cells resulted in high activity determined by cytochrome c reduction and these cells had higher viability after exposure to malathion than control. The results suggest that BdCPR could affect the susceptibility of B. dorsalis to malathion and eukaryotic expression of BdCPR would lay a solid foundation for further investigation of P450 in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Fan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P. R. China
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26
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Suwanchaichinda C, Sun D, Brattsten LB. Identification and analysis of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Aedes sollicitans (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:958-963. [PMID: 25276923 DOI: 10.1603/me13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) gene was identified in Aedes sollicitans Walker (Diptera: Culicidae). The open reading frame is 2,040 bp long, encoding a 679-residue polypeptide. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the Ae. sollicitans CPR carries conserved ligand-binding domains and belongs to the same phylogenetic group as CPRs in other mosquitoes. The cDNA of the CPR gene was cloned, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Cytochrome c reductase activity was detected in the bacterial cytosolic and membrane fractions and in larval microsomes from two New Jersey Ae. sollicitans populations, indicating that the Ae. sollicitans CPR is enzymatically functional and closely related to that in other dipterans.
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27
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Singh AA, Rowley JA, Schwartz BD, Kitching W, De Voss JJ. Oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage is a key step in spiroacetal biosynthesis in the fruit fly Bactrocera cacuminata. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7799-821. [PMID: 24914610 DOI: 10.1021/jo500791y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The early steps of spiroacetal biosynthesis in the fruit fly Bactrocera cacuminata (Solanum fly) have been investigated using a series of deuterium-labeled, oxygenated fatty acid like compounds. These potential spiroacetal precursors were administered to male flies, and their volatile emissions were analyzed for specific deuterium incorporation by GC/MS. This has allowed the order of early oxidative events in the biosynthetic pathway to be determined. Together with the already well-established later steps, the results of these in vivo investigations have allowed essentially the complete delineation of the spiroacetal biosynthetic pathway, beginning from products of primary metabolism. A fatty acid equivalent undergoes a series of enzyme-mediated oxidations leading to a trioxygenated fatty acid like species that includes a vicinal diol. This moiety then undergoes enzyme-mediated oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage as the key step to generate the C9 unit of the final spiroacetal. This is the first time such an oxidative transformation has been reported in insects. A final hydroxylation step is followed by spontaneous spiro-cyclization. This distinct pathway adds further to the complexity and diversity of biosynthetic pathways to spiroacetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti A Singh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
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28
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Wan H, Liu Y, Li M, Zhu S, Li X, Pittendrigh BR, Qiu X. Nrf2/Maf-binding-site-containing functional Cyp6a2 allele is associated with DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1048-1058. [PMID: 24038867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased insecticide detoxification mediated by cytochrome P450s is a common mechanism of insecticide resistance. Although Cyp6a2 has been observed to be overexpressed in many 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-resistant strains of Drosophila melanogaster, how Cyp6a2 is regulated and whether its overproduction confers DDT resistance remain elusive. RESULTS Molecular analysis identified five Cyp6a2 alleles (Cyp6a2(Canton) (-S-1) , Cyp6a2(Canton) (-S-2) , Cyp6a2(91-C) , Cyp6a2(91-R) and Cyp6a2(Wisconsin) (-) (WD) ) from four D. melanogaster strains, notably differing in the presence or absence of an intact Nrf2/Maf (a transcription factor) binding site in the 5'-promoter core region, a 'G1410' frameshift deletion mutation in the heme-binding region and a long terminal repeat (LTR) of transposable element 17.6 in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Linkage analysis confirmed that DDT resistance was genetically linked to a Nrf2/Maf-binding-site-containing, LTR-lacking functional allele of Cyp6a2 (Cyp6a2(91-R) ). The qRT-PCR results showed that overexpression of functional Cyp6a2 was consistently associated with DDT resistance. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that an intact Nrf2/Maf binding site in the 5'-promoter core region enhanced the constitutive transcription of Cyp6a2. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the Nrf2/Maf binding-site-containing functional Cyp6a2 allele is associated with DDT resistance in the D. melanogaster strains under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Somboon T, Ochiai J, Treesuwan W, Gleeson MP, Hannongbua S, Mori S. Mechanistic insights into the catalytic reaction of plant allene oxide synthase (pAOS) via QM and QM/MM calculations. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 52:20-9. [PMID: 24984079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
QM cluster and QM/MM protein models have been employed to understand aspects of the reaction mechanism of plant allene oxide synthase (pAOS). In this study we have investigated two reaction mechanisms for pAOS. The standard pAOS mechanism was contrasted with an alternative involving an additional active site molecule which has been shown to facilitate proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) in related systems. Firstly, we found that the results from QM/MM protein model are comparable with those from the QM cluster model, presumably due to the large active site used. Furthermore, the results from the QM cluster model show that the Fe(III) and Fe(IV) pathways for the standard mechanism have similar energetic and structural properties, indicating that the reaction mechanism may well proceed via both pathways. However, while the PCET process is facilitated by an additional active site bound water in other related families, in pAOS it is not, suggesting this type of process is not general to all closely related family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjai Somboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jun Ochiai
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Witcha Treesuwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - M Paul Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Supa Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center of Nanotechnology KU, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand.
| | - Seiji Mori
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
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30
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Good RT, Gramzow L, Battlay P, Sztal T, Batterham P, Robin C. The molecular evolution of cytochrome P450 genes within and between drosophila species. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:1118-34. [PMID: 24751979 PMCID: PMC4040991 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We map 114 gene gains and 74 gene losses in the P450 gene family across the phylogeny of 12 Drosophila species by examining the congruence of gene trees and species trees. Although the number of P450 genes varies from 74 to 94 in the species examined, we infer that there were at least 77 P450 genes in the ancestral Drosophila genome. One of the most striking observations in the data set is the elevated loss of P450 genes in the Drosophila sechellia lineage. The gain and loss events are not evenly distributed among the P450 genes-with 30 genes showing no gene gains or losses whereas others show as many as 20 copy number changes among the species examined. The P450 gene clades showing the fewest number of gene gain and loss events tend to be those evolving with the most purifying selection acting on the protein sequences, although there are exceptions, such as the rapid rate of amino acid replacement observed in the single copy phantom (Cyp306a1) gene. Within D. melanogaster, we observe gene copy number polymorphism in ten P450 genes including multiple cases of interparalog chimeras. Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) has been associated with deleterious mutations in humans, but here we provide a second possible example of an NAHR event in insect P450s being adaptive. Specifically, we find that a polymorphic Cyp12a4/Cyp12a5 chimera correlates with resistance to an insecticide. Although we observe such interparalog exchange in our within-species data sets, we have little evidence of it between species, raising the possibility that such events may occur more frequently than appreciated but are masked by subsequent sequence change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Good
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, AustraliaPresent address: Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, Jena, GermanyPresent address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Lydia Gramzow
- Present address: Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Battlay
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, AustraliaPresent address: Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, Jena, GermanyPresent address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Tamar Sztal
- Present address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, AustraliaPresent address: Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, Jena, GermanyPresent address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, AustraliaPresent address: Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 12, Jena, GermanyPresent address: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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31
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Wang B, Shahzad MF, Zhang Z, Sun H, Han P, Li F, Han Z. Genome-wide analysis reveals the expansion of Cytochrome P450 genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism in rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:756-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Li FF, Wang HD, Song W, Cui J, Li ML. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel P450 gene encoding CYP6BK18 from Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:243. [PMID: 25434036 PMCID: PMC5633938 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel cDNA clone encoding a cytochrome P450 gene, named CYP6BK18 (GenBank KC683905), was isolated by reverse transcription PCR from Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae), a natural enemy of beetles. The full-length cDNA sequence is 1,659 bp, containing a 1,533 bp open reading frame predicting a 510-amino acid protein possessing a transmembrane domain with a calculated molecular weight of 59.4 kDa and a theoretical pI of 8.94. The deduced amino acid sequence of CYP6BK18 showed a 59% identity with CYP6BK17 (GenBank XP_970481.1) from Tribolium castaneum. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CYP6BK18 was most closely related to CYP6BK17 and CYP6BK14 (GenBank EFA05731.1) from T. castaneum. Expression patterns of CYP6BK18 in different tissues (head, oviduct, midgut, fat bodies, and Malpighian tubules), developmental stages (first- to sixth-instar larvae and adult) and 10 age groups of adult were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results showed that CYP6BK18 was highly expressed in adulthood. Also, RT-qPCR analysis among different age groups of adult showed that CYP6BK18 transcripts were abundant in the spawning period and peaked at the early stage of the adult development. Moreover, the tissue-specific expression levels of CYP6BK18 were in the order of midgut, Malpighian tubes and fatty body from high to low. These results suggest that cytochrome P450 CYP6BK18 may play a role in regulating the development and aging of D. helophoroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Li
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wang Song
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng-Lou Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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33
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Carareto CMA, Hernandez EH, Vieira C. Genomic regions harboring insecticide resistance-associated Cyp genes are enriched by transposable element fragments carrying putative transcription factor binding sites in two sibling Drosophila species. Gene 2013; 537:93-9. [PMID: 24361809 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an in silico analysis was performed to identify transposable element (TE) fragments inserted in Cyps with functions associated with resistance to insecticides and developmental regulation as well as in neighboring genes in two sibling species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. The Cyps associated with insecticide resistance and their neighboring non-Cyp genes have accumulated a greater number of TE fragments than the other Cyps or a random sample of genes, predominantly in the 5'-flanking regions. Most of the insertions were due to DNA transposons, with DNAREP1 fragments being the most common. These fragments carry putative binding sites for transcription factors, which reinforces the hypothesis that DNAREP1 may influence gene regulation and play a role in the adaptation of the Drosophila species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M A Carareto
- UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, 15054-1000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eric H Hernandez
- UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, 15054-1000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Vieira
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Wan PJ, Shi XQ, Kong Y, Zhou LT, Guo WC, Ahmat T, Li GQ. Identification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes and their expression profiles in cyhalothrin-treated Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:360-368. [PMID: 24267698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on a Leptinotarsa decemlineata transcriptome dataset and the GenBank sequences, a total of 74 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes (Cyps) were identified. These genes fell into CYP2 clan, mitochondrial clan, CYP3 clan and CYP4 clan, and were classified into 19 families and 35 subfamilies according to standard nomenclature. Two new families were discovered in CYP4 clan, and were named CYP412 and CYP413 respectively. Four new families that were recently discovered in Tribolium castaneum, including mitochondrial family CYP353, CYP3 clan families CYP345 and CYP347, and CYP4 clan family CYP350, were also found in L. decemlineata. The phylogenetic trees of CYPs from L. decemlineata and other representative insect species were constructed, and these trees provided evolutionary insight for the genetic distance. Our results facilitate further researches to understand the functions and evolution of L. decemlineata Cyp genes. In order to find cyhalothrin-inducible Cyp genes, the expression levels of Cyps belonging to CYP12, CYP6, CYP9 and CYP4 families were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR in cyhalothrin-treated and control fourth-instar larvae. Nine Cyp genes, i.e., Cyp12H2, Cyp6BH2, Cyp6BJ1, Cyp6BQ17, Cyp6EG1, Cyp6EH1, Cyp6EJ1 Cyp4BN13v1 and Cyp4BN15, were highly expressed in cyhalothrin-treated larvae. These CYPs are the candidates that are involved in cyhalothrin detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jun Wan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhu F, Moural TW, Shah K, Palli SR. Integrated analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:174. [PMID: 23497158 PMCID: PMC3682917 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The functional and evolutionary diversification of insect cytochrome P450s (CYPs) shaped the success of insects. CYPs constitute one of the largest and oldest gene superfamilies that are found in virtually all aerobic organisms. Because of the availability of whole genome sequence and well functioning RNA interference (RNAi), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum serves as an ideal insect model for conducting functional genomics studies. Although several T. castaneum CYPs had been functionally investigated in our previous studies, the roles of the majority of CYPs remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of all T. castaneum CYPs with genes in other insect species, investigated the CYP6BQ gene cluster organization, function and evolution, as well as examined the mitochondrial CYPs gene expression patterns and intron-exon organization. Results A total 143 CYPs were identified and classified into 26 families and 59 subfamilies. The phylogenetic trees of CYPs among insects across taxa provided evolutionary insight for the genetic distance and function. The percentage of singleton (33.3%) in T. castaneum CYPs is much less than those in Drosophila melanogaster (52.5%) and Bombyx mori (51.2%). Most members in the largest CYP6BQ gene cluster may make contribution to deltamethrin resistance in QTC279 strain. T. castaneum genome encodes nine mitochondrial CYPs, among them CYP12H1 is only expressed in the final instar larval stage. The intron-exon organizations of these mitochondrial CYPs are highly diverse. Conclusion Our studies provide a platform to understand the evolution and functions of T. castaneum CYP gene superfamily which will help reveal the strategies employed by insects to cope with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Lee SH, Kang JS, Min JS, Yoon KS, Strycharz JP, Johnson R, Mittapalli O, Margam VM, Sun W, Li HM, Xie J, Wu J, Kirkness EF, Berenbaum MR, Pittendrigh BR, Clark JM. Decreased detoxification genes and genome size make the human body louse an efficient model to study xenobiotic metabolism. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 19:599-615. [PMID: 20561088 PMCID: PMC2944910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, has one of the smallest insect genomes, containing ∼10 775 annotated genes. Annotation of detoxification [cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), esterase (Est) and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter)] genes revealed that they are dramatically reduced in P. h. humanus compared to other insects except for Apis mellifera. There are 37 P450, 13 GST and 17 Est genes present in P. h. humanus, approximately half the number found in Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae. The number of putatively functional ABC transporter genes in P. h. humanus and Ap. mellifera are the same (36) but both have fewer than An. gambiae (44) or Dr. melanogaster (65). The reduction of detoxification genes in P. h. humanus may be a result of this louse's simple life history, in which it does not encounter a wide variety of xenobiotics. Neuronal component genes are highly conserved across different insect species as expected because of their critical function. Although reduced in number, P. h. humanus still retains at least a minimum repertoire of genes known to confer metabolic or toxicokinetic resistance to xenobiotics (eg Cyp3 clade P450s, Delta GSTs, B clade Ests and B/C subfamily ABC transporters), suggestive of its high potential for resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jae Soon Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jee Sun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joseph P. Strycharz
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Reed Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Venu M. Margam
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - May R. Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - J. Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Giraudo M, Unnithan GC, Le Goff G, Feyereisen R. Regulation of cytochrome P450 expression in Drosophila: Genomic insights. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 97:115-122. [PMID: 20582327 PMCID: PMC2890303 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic tools such as the availability of the Drosophila genome sequence, the relative ease of stable transformation, and DNA microarrays have made the fruit fly a powerful model in insecticide toxicology research. We have used transgenic promoter-GFP constructs to document the detailed pattern of induced Cyp6a2 gene expression in larval and adult Drosophila tissues. We also compared various insecticides and xenobiotics for their ability to induce this cytochrome P450 gene, and show that the pattern of Cyp6a2 inducibility is comparable to that of vertebrate CYP2B genes, and different from that of vertebrate CYP1A genes, suggesting a degree of evolutionary conservation for the "phenobarbital-type" induction mechanism. Our results are compared to the increasingly diverse reports on P450 induction that can be gleaned from whole genome or from "detox" microarray experiments in Drosophila. These suggest that only a third of the genomic repertoire of CYP genes is inducible by xenobiotics, and that there are distinct subsets of inducers / induced genes, suggesting multiple xenobiotic transduction mechanisms. A relationship between induction and resistance is not supported by expression data from the literature. The relative abundance of expression data now available is in contrast to the paucity of studies on functional expression of P450 enzymes, and this remains a challenge for our understanding of the toxicokinetic aspects of insecticide action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Giraudo
- UMR INRA- CNRS- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- UMR INRA- CNRS- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - René Feyereisen
- UMR INRA- CNRS- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- corresponding author: (R.Feyereisen)
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Rupasinghe SG, Duan H, Schuler MA. Molecular definitions of fatty acid hydroxylases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proteins 2007; 68:279-93. [PMID: 17427946 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Towards defining the function of Arabidopsis thaliana fatty acid hydroxylases, five members of the CYP86A subfamily have been heterologously expressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and tested for their ability to bind a range of fatty acids including unsubstituted (lauric acid (C12:0) and oleic acid (C18:1)) and oxygenated (9,10-epoxystearic acid and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid). Comparison between these five P450s at constant P450 content over a range of concentrations for individual fatty acids indicates that binding of different fatty acids to CYP86A2 always results in a higher proportion of high spin state heme than binding titrations conducted with CYP86A1 or CYP86A4. In comparison to these three, CYP86A7 and CYP86A8 produce extremely low proportions of high spin state heme even with the most effectively bound fatty acids. In addition to their previously demonstrated lauric acid hydroxylase activities, all CYP86A proteins are capable of hydroxylating oleic acid but not oxygenated 9,10-epoxystearic acid. Homology models have been built for these five enzymes that metabolize unsubstituted fatty acids and sometimes bind oxygenated fatty acids. Comparison of the substrate binding modes and predicted substrate access channels indicate that all use channel pw2a consistent with the crystal structures and models of other fatty acid-metabolizing P450s in bacteria and mammals. Among these P450s, those that bind internally oxygenated fatty acids contain polar residues in their substrate binding cavity that help stabilize these charged/polar groups within their largely hydrophobic catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeewa G Rupasinghe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Fang XK, Huang DF, Wang ZX, Wan CL, Sun T, Xu WJ, Liu CY, Zhou P, Qiao ZD. Identification of the proteins related to cytochrome P450 induced by fenvalerate in a Trichoplusia ni cell line. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 23:445-57. [PMID: 17484068 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-007-9006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to reveal the metabolic reaction to the presence of fenvalerate mediated by P450 in insects, we used the trypan blue exclusion technique and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay to assess the vitality of Trichoplusia ni (Tn) cells treated with fenvalerate, and observed dose- and time-dependent changes in total cellular P450s. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to identify the proteins involved in the fenvalerate reaction process. Finally, the cDNA of P450 fragments was cloned and real-time RT-PCR was performed. Our data showed that at the 0-15 mumol/L challenge concentration of fenvalerate, at which the vitality of Tn cells was not affected (p > 0.05), there was a tendency toward a dose- and time-response of total cellular P450s, which peaked at the 9 h (p < 0.05) and 12 h (p < 0.01) time points following 12.5 mumol/L stimulation with fenvalerate. The 2-DE assay detected more than 1300 protein spots in each two-dimensional gel, of which 33 spots displayed significant differences. Among the changed spots, three isoforms of P450 were identified. One of the three P450 cDNA fragments (CYP4L4) was cloned and sequenced, and its expression in treated Tn cells increased significantly (p < 0.01). It was found that fenvalerate induced the expression of P450s in insect cells. This suggests that fenvalerate could be metabolized by CYP4L4 through a hydroxylation reaction in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kui Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
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Li X, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic resistance to synthetic and natural xenobiotics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2007; 52:231-53. [PMID: 16925478 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1203] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotic resistance in insects has evolved predominantly by increasing the metabolic capability of detoxificative systems and/or reducing xenobiotic target site sensitivity. In contrast to the limited range of nucleotide changes that lead to target site insensitivity, many molecular mechanisms lead to enhancements in xenobiotic metabolism. The genomic changes that lead to amplification, overexpression, and coding sequence variation in the three major groups of genes encoding metabolic enzymes, i.e., cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), esterases, and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), are the focus of this review. A substantial number of the adaptive genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance that have been characterized to date are transposon mediated. Several lines of evidence suggest that P450 genes involved in insecticide resistance, and perhaps insecticide detoxification genes in general, may share an evolutionary association with genes involved in allelochemical metabolism. Differences in the selective regime imposed by allelochemicals and insecticides may account for the relative importance of regulatory or structural mutations in conferring resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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Kuruganti S, Lam V, Zhou X, Bennett G, Pittendrigh BR, Ganguly R. High expression of Cyp6g1, a cytochrome P450 gene, does not necessarily confer DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Gene 2006; 388:43-53. [PMID: 17134855 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, a family of detoxifying enzymes, are thought to confer resistance to various insecticides including DDT. Daborn et al. [Daborn, P., Yen, J.L., Bogwitz, M., Le Goff, G., Feil, et al. 2002. A single p450 allele associated with insecticide resistance in Drosophila. Science 297, 2253-2256.] suggested that the Accord transposable element causes overexpression of a Cyp6g1 allele, which has spread globally and is the basis of DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster populations. To determine whether the same phenomenon also operates in other Drosophila strains, we investigated 91-R, 91-C, ry(506), Wisconsin, Canton-SH and Hikone-RH strains. While the LC(50) values for the 91-R and Wisconsin strains are 8348 microg and 447 microg of DDT, respectively, values for the other four strains range between 0.74 to 20.9 microg. As expected, the susceptible ry(506) and 91-C strains have about 16-33-fold lower levels of CYP6G1 mRNA than the resistant 91-R and Wisconsin strains. Surprisingly, CYP6G1 mRNA and protein levels in the Canton-SH and Hikone-RH strains are as high as in the two resistant strains, yet they are as susceptible as the 91-C strain. The susceptible phenotype of the Canton-SH and Hikone-RH strains is not due to mutation in the Cyp6g1 gene; sequence analysis showed that Cyp6g1 alleles of resistant and susceptible strains are very similar and cannot be classified into resistant and susceptible alleles. As observed by others, we also found that only the 5'-upstream DNA of overexpressing alleles of Cyp6g1 has an insertional DNA, which is similar to Accord and Ninja elements. To examine the role of Cyp6g1 in DDT resistance, we substituted the Cyp6g1 allele of the 91-R strain with the allele from the susceptible 91-C strain via recombination and synthesized three recombinant lines. All three lines lacked Accord insertion and showed low expression of Cyp6g1 like the 91-C strain, yet they were as highly resistant as the 91-R strain. We conclude a strain may not have to have Accord insertion in the Cyp6g1 gene and the Cyp6g1 itself may not have to be overexpressed for DDT resistance to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilalitha Kuruganti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States
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Claudianos C, Ranson H, Johnson RM, Biswas S, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR, Feyereisen R, Oakeshott JG. A deficit of detoxification enzymes: pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 15:615-36. [PMID: 17069637 PMCID: PMC1761136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee genome has substantially fewer protein coding genes ( approximately 11 000 genes) than Drosophila melanogaster ( approximately 13 500) and Anopheles gambiae ( approximately 14 000). Some of the most marked differences occur in three superfamilies encoding xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes. Specifically there are only about half as many glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) in the honeybee. This includes 10-fold or greater shortfalls in the numbers of Delta and Epsilon GSTs and CYP4 P450s, members of which clades have been recurrently associated with insecticide resistance in other species. These shortfalls may contribute to the sensitivity of the honeybee to insecticides. On the other hand there are some recent radiations in CYP6, CYP9 and certain CCE clades in A. mellifera that could be associated with the evolution of the hormonal and chemosensory processes underpinning its highly organized eusociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Claudianos
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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43
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Sun W, Margam VM, Sun L, Buczkowski G, Bennett GW, Schemerhorn B, Muir WM, Pittendrigh BR. Genome-wide analysis of phenobarbital-inducible genes in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 15:455-64. [PMID: 16907832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An oligoarray analysis was conducted to determine the differential expression of genes due to phenobarbital exposure in Drosophila melanogaster (w(1118) strain) third instar larvae. Seventeen genes were observed to be induced with increased expression by a statistical analysis of microarrays approach with a q < or = 0.05. At q < or = 0.12, four more genes (Cyp12d1, DmGstd4, and two genes with unknown function) were found to be up-regulated, and 11 genes with unknown function were found to be down-regulated. Fifteen of these genes, Cyp4d14, Cyp6a2, Cyp6a8, Cyp12d1, Cyp6d5, Cyp6w1, CG2065, DmGstd6, DmGstd7, Amy-p/Amy-d, Ugt86Dd, GC5724, Jheh1, Jheh2 and CG11893, were verified using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Some of these genes have been shown to be over-transcribed in metabolically DDT-resistant Drosophila strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sun
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA
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Kandel S, Morant M, Benveniste I, Blée E, Werck-Reichhart D, Pinot F. Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of CYP709C1, the First Sub-terminal Hydroxylase of Long Chain Fatty Acid in Plants. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:35881-9. [PMID: 16120613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500918200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned and characterized CYP709C1, a new plant cytochrome P450 belonging to the P450 family, that so far has no identified function except for clustering with a fatty acid metabolizing clade of P450 enzymes. We showed here that CYP709C1 is capable of hydroxylating fatty acids at the omega-1 and omega-2 positions. This work was performed after recoding and heterologous expression of a full-length cDNA isolated from a wheat cDNA library in an engineered yeast strain. Investigation on substrate specificity indicates that CYP709C1 metabolizes different fatty acids varying in their chain length (C12 to C18) and unsaturation. CYP709C1 is the first identified plant cytochrome P450 that can catalyze sub-terminal hydroxylation of C18 fatty acids. cis-9,10-Epoxystearic acid is metabolized with the highest efficiency, i.e. K((m)(app)) of 8 microM and V(max(app)) of 328 nmol/min/nmol P450. This, together with the fact that wheat possesses a microsomal peroxygenase able to synthesize this compound from oleic acid, strongly suggests that it is a physiological substrate. Hydroxylated fatty acids are implicated in plant defense events. We postulated that CYP709C1 could be involved in plant defense by producing such compounds. This receives support from the observation that (i) sub-terminal hydroxylation of 9,10-epoxystearic acid is induced (15-fold after 3 h) in microsomes of wheat seedlings treated with the stress hormone methyl jasmonate and (ii) CYP709C1 is enhanced at the transcriptional level by this treatment. CYP709C1 transcript also accumulated after treatment with a combination of the safener naphthalic acid anhydride and phenobarbital. This indicates a possible detoxifying function for CYP709C1 that we discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Kandel
- Département Réponse Métabolique à l'Environnement Biotique, IBMP-CNRS, UPR 2357, 28 Rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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