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Ejmalian N, Mirzaei S, Mirzaie-Asl A, Chaichi M. A Potential Involvement of Metallothionein in the Zinc Tolerance of Trichoderma harzianum: Experimental Findings. Protein J 2024; 43:503-512. [PMID: 38488956 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are a group of cysteine-rich proteins that play an important role in the homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metals. The objective of this research was to explore the significance of metallothionein in Trichoderma harzianum tolerance to zinc. At the inhibitory concentration of 1000 ppm, the fungus adsorbed 16.7 ± 0.4 mg/g of metal. The HPLC and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis data suggested that the fungus production of metallothionein was twice as high in the presence of zinc as in the control group. The examination of the genes; metallothionein expression activator (MEA) and Cu fist revealed that the MEA, with a C2H2 zinc finger domain, increased significantly in the presence of zinc. It was observed that in T. harzianum, the enhanced expression of the metallothionein gene was managed by the metallothionein activator under zinc overload conditions. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on the role of metallothionein in the resistance of T. harzianum to zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Ejmalian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Soheila Mirzaei
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Asghar Mirzaie-Asl
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Chaichi
- Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran
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Zheng J, Xie X, Li C, Wang H, Yu Y, Huang B. Regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1596-1613. [PMID: 36786203 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2176466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi exist widely in plants and play an important role in the growth and adaptation of plants. They could be used in phytoremediation techniques against heavy metal contaminated soil since beneficial microbial symbionts can endow plants with resistance to external heavy metal stresses. This review summarized the regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. Potential endophytic fungi in enhancing plant's adaption to heavy metal stresses include arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate endophytic fungi, plant growth promoting endophytic fungi. The mechanisms involve coevolution strategy, immune regulation and detoxification transport to improve the ability of plants to adapt to heavy metal stress. They can increase the synthesis of host hormones and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormones, strengthen osmotic regulation, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and increase immune activity, antioxidant enzyme and glutathione activity. They also help to improve the detoxification transport and heavy metal emission capacity of the host by significantly producing iron carrier, metallothionein and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. The combination of endophytic fungi and hyperaccumulation plants provides a promising technology for the ecological restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil. Endophytic fungi reserves further development on enhancing host plant's adaptability to heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingguang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaru Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baokang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Anand S, Singh A, Kumar V. Recent advancements in cadmium-microbe interactive relations and their application for environmental remediation: a mechanistic overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17009-17038. [PMID: 36622611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxic and persistent nature of cadmium (Cd) in the environment has become a matter of concern with its drastic increase in the concentrations over past few decades. Among the various techniques, the microbial remediation has been accepted as an effective decontamination tool for environmental applications, which is sustainable over a period of time. The Cd decontamination potential of the microbes depends on various internal and external factors that play a crucial role in selection of the microbes for application in a particular environment. Thus, it is important to understand the role of these factors for optimal application of the microbes. This study provides an insight into the mechanisms involved between the microbes and the environmental Cd. The study also briefly reviews the mathematical models that have been used to predict the remediation potential of the microbes and the kinetics involved during the process. A critical analysis of the recent advancements in the techniques for use of bacteria, fungi, and algal cells to remove Cd has been also presented in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Anand
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 826004
| | - Ankur Singh
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 826004
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 826004.
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Zhen Y, Ge L, Chen Q, Xu J, Duan Z, Loor JJ, Wang M. Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock-Environment-Plant-Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6943-6962. [PMID: 35666880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of high-concentration copper (Cu) in feed additives, fertilizers, pesticides, and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably causes significant pollution in the ecological environment. This type of chain pollution begins with animal husbandry: first, Cu accumulation in animals poisons them; second, high Cu enters the soil and water sources with the feces and urine to cause toxicity, which may further lead to crop and plant pollution; third, this process ultimately endangers human health through consumption of livestock products, aquatic foods, plants, and even drinking water. High Cu potentially alters the antibiotic resistance of soil and water sources and further aggravates human disease risks. Thus, it is necessary to formulate reasonable Cu emission regulations because the benefits of Cu for livestock and plants cannot be ignored. The present review evaluates the potential hazards and benefits of high Cu in livestock, the environment, the plant industry, and human health. We also discuss aspects related to bacterial and fungal resistance and homeostasis and perspectives on the application of Cu-NPs and microbial high-Cu removal technology to reduce the spread of toxicity risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qiaoqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Quality and Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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Dey P, Malik A, Singh DK, Haange SB, von Bergen M, Jehmlich N. Insight Into the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Mycoremediation of Multiple Metals by Proteomic Technique. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872576. [PMID: 35756008 PMCID: PMC9221998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus PD-18 responses when subjected to the multimetal combination (Total Cr, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) in synthetic composite media. To understand how multimetal stress impacts fungal cells at the molecular level, the cellular response of A. fumigatus PD-18 to 30 mg/L multimetal stress (5 mg/L of each heavy metal) was determined by proteomics. The comparative fungal proteomics displayed the remarkable inherent intracellular and extracellular mechanism of metal resistance and tolerance potential of A. fumigatus PD-18. This study reported 2,238 proteins of which 434 proteins were exclusively expressed in multimetal extracts. The most predominant functional class expressed was for cellular processing and signaling. The type of proteins and the number of proteins that were upregulated due to various stress tolerance mechanisms were post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones (42); translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis (60); and intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport (18). In addition, free radical scavenging antioxidant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, were upregulated upto 3.45-fold and transporter systems, such as protein transport (SEC31), upto 3.31-fold to combat the oxidative stress caused by the multiple metals. Also, protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that cytochrome c oxidase and 60S ribosomal protein played key roles to detoxify the multimetal. To the best of our knowledge, this study of A. fumigatus PD-18 provides valuable insights toward the growing research in comprehending the metal microbe interactions in the presence of multimetal. This will facilitate in development of novel molecular markers for contaminant bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Dey
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity, Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HZ), Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nico Jehmlich,
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Liu B, Dong P, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wen Z, Shi L, Xia Y, Chen C, Shen Z, Lian C, Chen Y. Identification and characterization of eight metallothionein genes involved in heavy metal tolerance from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14430-14442. [PMID: 34617232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine-rich, heavy metal-binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification. The increasing numbers of available genomic sequences of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi enable deeper insights into the characteristics of MT genes in these fungi that form the most important symbiosis with the host trees in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive, genome-wide inventory of MT genes from the ECM fungus Laccaria bicolor. Eight MT genes in L. bicolor were cloned, and the expression patterns of their transcripts at various developmental stages based on expressed sequence tag (EST) counts were analyzed. The expression levels of four MTs were significantly increased during symbiosis stages. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that transcripts of LbMT1 were dominant in free-living mycelia and strongly induced by excessive copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To determine whether these eight MTs functioned as metal chelators, we expressed them in the Cu- and Cd-sensitive yeast mutants, cup1∆ and yap1∆, respectively. All LbMT proteins provided similar levels of Cu(II) or Cd(II) tolerance, but did not affect by H2O2. Our findings provide novel data on the evolution and diversification of fungal MT gene duplicates, a valuable resource for understanding the vast array of biological processes in which these proteins are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinzhe Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihang Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhugui Wen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
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Hongyan X, Zhanling X, Hongchen J, Jing G, Qing M, Yuan Z, Xiaofang W. Transcriptome Analysis and Expression Profiling of Molecular Responses to Cd Toxicity in Morchella spongiola. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:421-433. [PMID: 34512085 PMCID: PMC8409932 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1937882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd2+. The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hongyan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Xie Zhanling
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Jiang Hongchen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo Jing
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Meng Qing
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhao Yuan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Wang Xiaofang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
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Perinelli M, Tegoni M, Freisinger E. Different Behavior of the Histidine Residue toward Cadmium and Zinc in a Cadmium-Specific Metallothionein from an Aquatic Fungus. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16988-16997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Perinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Albert Q, Baraud F, Leleyter L, Lemoine M, Heutte N, Rioult JP, Sage L, Garon D. Use of soil fungi in the biosorption of three trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb): promising candidates for treatment technology? ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3166-3177. [PMID: 30924724 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1602170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal contamination is a widespread and complex environmental problem. Because fungi are capable of growing in adverse environments, several fungal species could have an interesting potential in remediation technologies for metal contaminated environments. This study proposes to test the ability to tolerate and biosorb three trace metals (Cd, Cu and Pb) of 28 fungal isolates collected from different soils. First, a tolerance assay in agar medium was performed. Each isolate was grown in the presence of Cd, Cu, and Pb at different concentrations. Then, we exposed each soil fungus to 50 mg L-1 of Cd, Cu, or Pb during 3 days in liquid medium. Parameters such as biomass production, pH, and biosorption were evaluated. The results showed that responses to metal exposure are very diverse even with fungi isolated from the same soil sample, or belonging to the same genera. Several isolates could be considered as good metal biosorbents and could be used in future mycoremediation studies. Among the 28 fungi tested, Absidia cylindrospora biosorbed more than 45% of Cd and Pb, Chaetomium atrobrunneum biosorbed more than 45% of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Coprinellus micaceus biosorbed 100% of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Albert
- Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | | | - Lydia Leleyter
- Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | - Lucile Sage
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Cedex, France
| | - David Garon
- Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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Chatterjee S, Kumari S, Rath S, Priyadarshanee M, Das S. Diversity, structure and regulation of microbial metallothionein: metal resistance and possible applications in sequestration of toxic metals. Metallomics 2020; 12:1637-1655. [PMID: 32996528 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich, universal, low molecular weight proteins distributed widely in almost all major taxonomic groups ranging from tiny microbes to highly organized vertebrates. The primary function of this protein is storage, transportation and binding of metals, which enable microorganisms to detoxify heavy metals. In the microbial world, these peptides were first identified in a cyanobacterium Synechococcus as the SmtA protein which exhibits high affinity towards rising level of zinc and cadmium to preserve metal homeostasis in a cell. In yeast, MTs aid in reserving copper and confer protection against copper toxicity by chelating excess copper ions in a cell. Two MTs, CUP1 and Crs5, originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae predominantly bind to copper though are capable of binding with zinc and cadmium ions. MT superfamily 7 is found in ciliated protozoa which show high affinity towards copper and cadmium. Several tools and techniques, such as western blot, capillary electrophoresis, inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, have been extensively utilized for the detection and quantification of microbial MTs which are utilized for the efficient remediation and sequestration of heavy metals from a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreosi Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769 008, Odisha, India.
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Chang J, Yang B, Zhou Y, Yin C, Liu T, Qian H, Xing G, Wang S, Li F, Zhang Y, Chen D, Aschner M, Lu R. Acute Methylmercury Exposure and the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling Pathway under Normoxic Conditions in the Rat Brain and Astrocytes in Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:127006. [PMID: 31850806 PMCID: PMC6957278 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, methylmercury (MeHg) induces toxic effects in the nervous system, one of its main targets. However, the exact mechanisms of its neurotoxicity have not been fully elucidated. Hypoxia-inducible factor- 1 α (HIF- 1 α ), a transcription factor, plays a crucial role in adaptive and cytoprotective responses in cells and is involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, erythropoiesis, and other physiological activities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the role of HIF- 1 α in response to acute MeHg exposure in rat brain and primary cultured astrocytes to improve understanding of the mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the development of effective neuroprotective strategies. METHODS Primary rat astrocytes were treated with MeHg (0 - 10 μ M ) for 0.5 h . Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were assessed with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed to assess the level of oxidative stress using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence. HIF- 1 α , and its downstream proteins, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were analyzed by means of Western blotting. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of HIF- 1 α mRNA. Pretreatment with protein synthesis inhibitor (CHX), proteasome inhibitor (MG132), or proline hydroxylase inhibitor (DHB) were applied to explore the possible mechanisms of HIF- 1 α inhibition by MeHg. To investigate the role of HIF- 1 α in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, cobalt chloride (CoC l 2 ), 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2), small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and adenovirus overexpression were used. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and vitamin E (Trolox) were used to investigate the putative role of oxidative stress in MeHg-induced alterations in HIF- 1 α levels. The expression of HIF- 1 α and related downstream proteins was detected in adult rat brain exposed to MeHg (0 - 10 mg / kg ) for 0.5 h in vivo. RESULTS MeHg caused lower cell proliferation and higher cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In comparison with the control cells, exposure to 10 μ M MeHg for 0.5 h significantly inhibited the expression of astrocytic HIF- 1 α , and the downstream genes GLUT-1, EPO, and VEGF-A (p < 0.05 ), in the absence of a significant decrease in HIF- 1 α mRNA levels. When protein synthesis was inhibited by CHX, MeHg promoted the degradation rate of HIF- 1 α . MG132 and DHB significantly blocked the MeHg-induced decrease in HIF- 1 α expression (p < 0.05 ). Overexpression of HIF- 1 α significantly attenuated the decline in MeHg-induced cell proliferation, whereas the inhibition of HIF- 1 α significantly increased the decline in cell proliferation (p < 0.05 ). NAC and Trolox, two established antioxidants, reversed the MeHg-induced decline in HIF- 1 α protein levels and the decrease in cell proliferation (p < 0.05 ). MeHg suppressed the expression of HIF- 1 α and related downstream target proteins in adult rat brain. DISCUSSION MeHg induced a significant reduction in HIF- 1 α protein by activating proline hydroxylase (PHD) and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in primary rat astrocytes. Additionally, ROS scavenging by antioxidants played a neuroprotective role via increasing HIF- 1 α expression in response to MeHg toxicity. Moreover, we established that up-regulation of HIF- 1 α might serve to mitigate the acute toxicity of MeHg in astrocytes, affording a novel therapeutic target for future exploration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changsheng Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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12
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Domka AM, Rozpaądek P, Turnau K. Are Fungal Endophytes Merely Mycorrhizal Copycats? The Role of Fungal Endophytes in the Adaptation of Plants to Metal Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 30930857 PMCID: PMC6428775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soil with toxic metals is a worldwide problem, resulting in the disruption of plant vegetation and subsequent crop production. Thus, remediation techniques for contaminated soil and water remain a constant interest of researchers. Phytoremediation, which utilizes plants to remove or stabilize contaminants, is perceived to be a promising strategy. However, phytoremediation's use to date is limited because of constraints associated with such factors as slow plant growth rates or metal toxicity. Microbial-assisted phytoremediation serves as an alternative solution, since the impact of the microbial symbionts on plant growth and stress tolerance has frequently been described. Endophytic fungi occur in almost every plant in the natural environment and contribute to plant growth and tolerance to environmental stress conditions. Although this group of symbiotic fungi was found to form association with a wide range of hosts, including the non-mycorrhizal Brassicaceae metallophytes, their role in the response of plants to metal toxicity has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of endophytic fungi in the tolerance of plants to toxic metals and highlights the similarities and differences between this group of symbiotic fungi and mycorrhizal associations in terms of the survival of the plant during heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Rozpaądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Xu X, Xia L, Chen W, Huang Q. Detoxification of hexavalent chromate by growing Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:47-54. [PMID: 28347903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the study, the capability of Paecilomyces lilacinus XLA (CCTCC: M2012135) to reduce Cr6+ and its main antagonistic mechanisms to Cr6+ were experimentally evaluated. Activated growing fungus XLA efficiently reduced over 90% Cr6+ in the media with Cr6+ concentration below 100 mg L-1 at pH 6 after 14 days. After 1-day exposure to 100 mg L-1 Cr6+, nearly 50% of Cr6+ was reduced. Moreover, SO42- stimulated Cr6+ reduction, whereas other interferential ions inhibited Cr6+ reduction. The interaction mechanisms between XLA and Cr6+ mainly involve biotransformation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation, as detected by electron microscopy and chemical methods. The lower concentrations of Cr6+ (5 and 50 mg L-1) stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) level in XLA, respectively, but the higher concentration of Cr6+ (150 mg L-1) decreased the enzymatic activities and GSH concentration. The results implied that SOD, CAT and GSH were defensive guards to the oxidant stress produced by Cr6+. All these extracellular/intracellular defense systems endowed XLA with the ability to resist and detoxify Cr6+ by transforming its valent species. The fungus XLA could efficiently reduce Cr6+ under different environmental conditions (pH, interferential ions, and concentration). Moreover, XLA could endure the high concentration of Cr6+ probably due to its high biotransformation capability of Cr6+ and intracellular antioxidant systems for the detoxification of ROS generated by external Cr6+. All these results suggested that the fungus XLA can be applied to remediation of Cr6+-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Fomina M, Bowen AD, Charnock JM, Podgorsky VS, Gadd GM. Biogeochemical spatio-temporal transformation of copper in A
spergillus niger
colonies grown on malachite with different inorganic nitrogen sources. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1310-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fomina
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee DD1 5EH UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology; NASU; Zabolotnogo st. 154 Kiev 03680 Ukraine
| | - Andrew D. Bowen
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee DD1 5EH UK
| | - John M. Charnock
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Williamson Building, Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Valentin S. Podgorsky
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology; NASU; Zabolotnogo st. 154 Kiev 03680 Ukraine
| | - Geoffrey M. Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee DD1 5EH UK
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography', Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
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15
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Hložková K, Matěnová M, Žáčková P, Strnad H, Hršelová H, Hroudová M, Kotrba P. Characterization of three distinct metallothionein genes of the Ag-hyperaccumulating ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita strobiliformis. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:358-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Azevedo MM, Guimarães-Soares L, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Copper and zinc affect the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and thiol content in aquatic fungi. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:740-747. [PMID: 26916755 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic hyphomycetes are the major microbial decomposers of plant litter in streams. We selected three aquatic hyphomycete species with different abilities to tolerate, adsorb and accumulate copper and zinc, and we investigated the effects of these metals on H+-ATPase activity as well as on the levels of thiol (SH)-containing compounds. Before metal exposure, the species isolated from a metal-polluted stream (Heliscus submersus and Flagellospora curta) had higher levels of thiol compounds than the species isolated from a clean stream (Varicosporium elodeae). However, V. elodeae rapidly increased the levels of thiols after metal exposure, emphasizing the importance of these compounds in fungal survival under metal stress. The highest amounts of metals adsorbed to fungal mycelia were found in the most tolerant species to each metal, i.e. in H. submersus exposed to copper and in V. elodeae exposed to zinc. Short-term (10 min) exposure to copper completely inhibited the activity of H+-ATPase of H. submersus and V. elodeae, whilst zinc only led to a similar effect on H. submersus. However, at longer exposure times (8 days) the most metal-tolerant species exhibited increased H+-ATPase activities, suggesting that the plasma membrane proton pump may be involved in the acclimation of aquatic hyphomycetes to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Azevedo
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,4200-319 Porto,Portugal.,Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,4200-319 Porto,Portugal
| | - L Guimarães-Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
| | - C Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
| | - F Cássio
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
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17
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Xu X, Xia L, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Chen W. Role of Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1 in the Detoxification and Bioremediation of Cadmium. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1422. [PMID: 26733967 PMCID: PMC4685053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial bioremediation is a promising technology to treat heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the efficiency of filamentous fungi as bioremediation agents remains unknown, and the detoxification mechanism of heavy metals by filamentous fungi remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cell morphology and antioxidant systems of Penicillium chrysogenum XJ-1 in response to different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0-10 mM) by using physico-chemical and biochemical methods. Cd in XJ-1 was mainly bound to the cell wall. The malondialdehyde level in XJ-1 cells was increased by 14.82-94.67 times with the increase in Cd concentration. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase (GR), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) peaked at 1 mM Cd, whereas that of catalase peaked at 5 mM Cd. Cd exposure increased the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and the activities of GR and G6PDH in XJ-1. These results suggested that the Cd detoxification mechanism of XJ-1 included biosorption, cellular sequestration, and antioxidant defense. The application of XJ-1 in Cd-polluted soils (5-50 mg kg(-1)) successfully reduced bioavailable Cd and increased the plant yield, indicating that this fungus was a promising candidate for in situ bioremediation of Cd-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
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18
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Aquatic fungi in relation to the physical and chemical parameters of water quality in the Augustów Canal. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Dobritzsch D, Ganz P, Rother M, Ehrman J, Baumbach R, Miersch J. Cadmium-induced formation of sulphide and cadmium sulphide particles in the aquatic hyphomycete Heliscus lugdunensis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:92-7. [PMID: 26004898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fungi which can survive under metal exposure receive increasing scientific attention. Enhanced synthesis of sulphide and glutathione but no phytochelatin synthesis in response to cadmium (up to 80 μM Cd(2+) in the medium) was measured in the aquatic hyphomycete Heliscus lugdunensis. Up to 25 μmol g(-1) dry mass the fungus formed sulphide in an exponentially Cd(2+)-concentration-dependent manner. Using light microscopy, precipitates were observed outside of the hyphae which could be determined as amorphous particles by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated that these particles were mainly composed of Cd and S with an atomic ratio of 1:1, but some elements of the culture medium such as P and Cl were also present. Fungal cells exposed to Cd(2+) accumulated 12-28 μmol metal g(-1) dry mass over a period of 7-28 days. The results may indicate that sulphide could sequester excess Cd(2+) under oxygen deprived conditions and thereby reduce its toxicity via an additional avoidance mechanism of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Dobritzsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Ecological and Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Petra Ganz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Ecological and Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Rother
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Ecological and Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - James Ehrman
- Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| | - Renate Baumbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Ecological and Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Miersch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Ecological and Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR, Das TK. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress tolerance in cadmium resistant Aspergillus foetidus: its possible role in cadmium bioremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:46-53. [PMID: 24836877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) were examined on a cadmium-resistant strain of Aspergillus foetidus isolated from wastewater. The Cd removal potential was analyzed. The results indicated that the strain could tolerate up to 25 mM and 63 mM Cd in liquid and solid Czapek-Dox media, respectively. It efficiently removed Cd from liquid growth media and industrial wastewater by mycelial biosorption. The strain produced oxalic acid for the purpose of Cd bioleaching as confirmed by the presence of cadmium oxalate crystals on the mycelial surface. Intracellular proline contents and the antioxidative enzyme activities increased up to a certain level to detoxify the overproduced free radicals. These data indicate that the strain has inherent mechanisms to grow in Cd contaminated environment, tolerate high Cd doses and high Cd uptake potential which are pre-requisite for acting as a suitable candidate for Cd bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatarupa Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India.
| | | | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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21
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Zhou J, Wang Z, Huang Z, Lu C, Han Z, Zhang J, Jiang H, Ge C, Yang J. Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:650-661. [PMID: 25079279 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The responses of sulfur (S) uptake assimilation-related genes' expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium (Cd), bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) and their co-contamination (Cd+BSM) were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd+BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd+BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd+BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione synthase (GS) and S-containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd(2+). It is suggested that (to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination) the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zegang Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Ge
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Juncheng Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Fomina MO. VARIABILITY OF COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF COPPER ACCUMULATED WITHIN FUNGAL COLONY IN THE PRESENCE OF COPPER-CONTAINING MINERALS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech7.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Loebus J, Leitenmaier B, Meissner D, Braha B, Krauss GJ, Dobritzsch D, Freisinger E. The major function of a metallothionein from the aquatic fungus Heliscus lugdunensis is cadmium detoxification. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ion exchange chromatography and mass spectrometric methods for analysis of cadmium-phytochelatin (II) complexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1304-11. [PMID: 23538727 PMCID: PMC3709318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10041304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in vitro formed Cd-phytochelatin (PC2) complexes were characterized using ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The ratio of both studied compounds as well as experimental conditions were optimized. The highest yield of the complex was observed under an applied concentration of 100 µg·mL−1 PC2 and 100 µg·mL−1 of CdCl2. The data obtained show that IEC in combination with MALDI-TOF is a reliable and fast method for the determination of these complexes.
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Sridhar KR, Bärlocher F. Reproduction of aquatic hyphomycetes at low concentrations of Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2868-2873. [PMID: 21953527 DOI: 10.1002/etc.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maple leaf disks were conditioned in a stream for three weeks and then aerated for 2 d in distilled water to induce fungal sporulation. The release of aquatic hyphomycete spores increased when the water was supplemented with low concentrations of Ca(2+) (5 µg/L), Zn(2+) (2.5 µg/L), Cu(2+) (0.5 µg/L), or Cd(2+) (0.125 µg/L). Higher supplement concentrations inhibited sporulation. Over the concentration range used, the sporulation response was generally best described by a quadratic regression, suggesting a biphasic or hormetic response. A similar pattern was found with the number of fungal species as the dependent variable. Anguillospora filiformis and Anguillospora longissima were generally least inhibited by metal supplements, and Ca(2+) was the least and Cd(2+) the most toxic metal. Combinations of metals had a more severe effect on fungal sporulation than predicted from addition of the effects of the metals in isolation. The biological significance of the hormetic response is unclear; however, acknowledging it is clearly relevant for establishing guidelines or recommendations in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandikere R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka, India
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Krauss GJ, Solé M, Krauss G, Schlosser D, Wesenberg D, Bärlocher F. Fungi in freshwaters: ecology, physiology and biochemical potential. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:620-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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27
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Osobová M, Urban V, Jedelský PL, Borovička J, Gryndler M, Ruml T, Kotrba P. Three metallothionein isoforms and sequestration of intracellular silver in the hyperaccumulator Amanita strobiliformis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 190:916-926. [PMID: 21261626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine-rich peptides involved in heavy metal tolerance of many eukaryotes. Here, we examined their involvement in intracellular binding of silver (Ag) in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita strobiliformis. The Ag complexes and their peptide ligands were characterized using chromatography and mass spectrometry. The full-length coding sequences obtained from a cDNA library were used for complementation assays in yeast mutant strains. Abundance of respective transcripts in A. strobiliformis was measured by quantitative real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ag-speciation analyses showed that intracellular Ag was in wild-grown fruit bodies and cultured extraradical mycelia of A. strobiliformis sequestered by metallothioneins. The determined sequence of the peptide facilitated isolation of three cDNA clones, AsMT1a, AsMT1b and AsMT1c. These encode isomorphic MTs consisting of 34 amino acid residues and sharing 82% identity. In mycelia the expression of AsMT1s is induced by Ag. All AsMT1s expressed in yeasts complemented hypersensitivity of mutants to cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) and formed Ag complexes. Only the Ag-AsMT1a complex was detected in the A. strobiliformis fruit body in which AsMT1a was the prevailing transcript. The present study identified the existence of metallothionein isoforms in ectomycorrhizal fungi. We demonstrated that intracellular sequestration of Ag in fruit bodies and mycelia of hyperaccumulating A. strobiliformis is dominated by metallothioneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Osobová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Petr L Jedelský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, 128 44 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 166 28 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kotrba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, Prague, 166 28 Czech Republic
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30
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Blindauer CA, Leszczyszyn OI. Metallothioneins: unparalleled diversity in structures and functions for metal ion homeostasis and more. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:720-41. [PMID: 20442962 DOI: 10.1039/b906685n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins have been the subject of intense study for five decades, and have greatly inspired the development of bio-analytical methodologies including multi-dimensional and multi-nuclear NMR.With further advancements in molecular biology, protein science, and instrumental techniques, recent years have seen a renaissance of research into metallothioneins. The current report focuses on in vitro studies of so-called class II metallothioneins from a variety of phyla, highlighting the diversity of metallothioneins in terms of structure, biological functions, and molecular functions such as metal ion specificity, thermodynamic stabilities, and kinetic reactivity. We are still far from being able to predict any of these properties, and further efforts will be required to generate the knowledge that will enable a better understanding of what governs the biological and chemical properties of these unusual and intriguing small proteins.
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Asención Diez MD, Demonte A, Giacomelli J, Garay S, Rodrígues D, Hofmann B, Hecht HJ, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA. Functional characterization of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Arch Microbiol 2009; 192:103-14. [PMID: 20035319 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-009-0534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans synthesizes a range of mannose-containing glycoconjugates relevant for its virulence. A prerequisite in the synthesis is the availability of the GDP-mannose, produced from mannose-1-phosphate and GTP in a reaction catalyzed by GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. The gene coding for a putative enzyme in L. interrogans was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The identity of this enzyme was confirmed by electrospray-mass spectroscopy, Edman sequencing and immunological assays. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the dimeric form of the enzyme is catalytically active and stable. The recombinant protein was characterized as a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. S (0.5) for the substrates were determined both in GDP-mannose pyrophosphorolysis: 0.20 mM (GDP-mannose), 0.089 mM (PPi), and 0.47 mM; and in GDP-mannose synthesis: 0.24 mM (GTP), 0.063 mM (mannose-1-phosphate), and 0.45 mM (Mg(2+)). The enzyme was able to produce GDP-mannose, IDP-mannose, UDP-mannose and ADP-glucose. We obtained a structural model of the enzyme using as a template the crystal structure of mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. Binding of substrates and cofactor in the model agree with the pyrophosphorylases reaction mechanism. Our studies provide insights into the structure of a novel molecular target, which could be useful for detection of leptospirosis and for the development of anti-leptospiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Asención Diez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Microbiana, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Purchase D, Scholes L, Revitt D, Shutes R. Effects of temperature on metal tolerance and the accumulation of Zn and Pb by metal-tolerant fungi isolated from urban runoff treatment wetlands. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1163-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramesh G, Podila GK, Gay G, Marmeisse R, Reddy MS. Different patterns of regulation for the copper and cadmium metallothioneins of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2266-74. [PMID: 19233951 PMCID: PMC2675211 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02142-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich peptides involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification. We have characterized two MT genes, HcMT1 and HcMT2, from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in this study. Expression of HcMT1 and HcMT2 in H. cylindrosporum under metal stress conditions was studied by competitive reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The full-length cDNAs were used to perform functional complementation in mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As revealed by heterologous complementation assays in yeast, HcMT1 and HcMT2 each encode a functional polypeptide capable of conferring increased tolerance against Cd and Cu, respectively. The expression levels of HcMT1 were observed to be at their maximum at 24 h, and they increased as a function of Cu concentration. HcMT2 was also induced by Cu, but the expression levels were lower than those for HcMT1. The mRNA accumulation of HcMT1 was not influenced by Cd, whereas Cd induced the transcription of HcMT2. Zn, Pb, and Ni did not affect the transcription of HcMT1 or of HcMT2. Southern blot analysis revealed that both of these genes are present as a single copy in H. cylindrosporum. While the promoters of both HcMT1 and HcMT2 contained the standard stress response elements implicated in the metal response, the numbers and varieties of potential regulatory elements were different in these promoters. These results show that ectomycorrhizal fungi encode different MTs and that each of them has a particular pattern of expression, suggesting that they play critical specific roles in improving the survival and growth of ectomycorrhizal trees in ecosystems contaminated by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramesh
- Thapar University, Department of Biotechnology, Bhadson Road, Patiala 147 004, India
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Dolderer B, Hartmann HJ, Weser U. Metallothioneins in Yeast and Fungi. METALLOTHIONEINS AND RELATED CHELATORS 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559531-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Small cysteine-rich proteins sharing most if not all of the general features used to define the metallothionein (MT) superfamily are found in yeast and fungi. Unlike MTs from mammalian sources, most of the known yeast and fungal MTs are Cu(I) rather than Zn(II) or Cd(II) binding proteins. The sequences of fungal MTs reported so far are quite diverse, in such a way that fungal MTs are assigned to six different families. Family 8 contains the MTs with the highest similarity to the N-terminal domains of mammalian MTs. The best characterized member of this family is isolated from the ascomycete Neurospora crassa. It represents a copper-induced polypeptide of only about 25 amino acid residues and harbors a single cluster made up of six Cu(I) that are bound to its seven cysteine residues. The MTs assigned to families 9 and 10 are MT-1 and MT-2 found in the human pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. The regulation of these proteins employing a copper sensitive transcription factor shares the same principle as were described for the MTs found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cu-MT and Crs5, that are assigned to families 12 and 13. S. cerevisiae Cu-MT is the only MT, of which the structure including its Cu(I)8-thiolate core has been revealed. It should be emphasized that this is the largest known Cu cluster in biological systems. Besides the presentation of these well studied aspects, the open questions of Cd(II) and Zn(II) binding in yeasts and fungi are addressed and future directions of the MT research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Dolderer
- Anorganische-Biochemie, Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Hartmann
- Anorganische-Biochemie, Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Ulrich Weser
- Anorganische-Biochemie, Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Centro di Risonanze Magnetiche, University of Florence Via Luigi Sacconi 6 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) Italy
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Amir H, Jasper DA, Abbott LK. Tolerance and induction of tolerance to Ni of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from New Caledonian ultramafic soils. MYCORRHIZA 2008; 19:1-6. [PMID: 18773228 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-008-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Ni on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has not been studied yet. We tested the tolerance to Ni of five AMF isolates from New Caledonian ultramafic soils. Spore germination indicated that these isolates were clearly more tolerant to Ni than three other isolates from non-ultramafic soils. They were able to germinate at 30 microg g(-1) Ni, whereas spores of the non-ultramafic isolates were totally inhibited at 15 microg g(-1) Ni. Among the ultramafic isolates, two were obtained from roots of Ni-hyperaccumulating plants. Their tolerance to Ni was clearly higher than all the other isolates. The proportion of germinated spores of the different isolates in contact with ultramafic soils showed the same tendencies as those observed with Ni solutions. Tolerance to Ni increased when spores were produced from mycorrhiza on plants grown on sand containing 20 microg g(-1) Ni, in comparison with those produced on sand without Ni. These results indicate that the tolerance to Ni of AMF spores can be induced by the presence of this metal in the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Amir
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - David A Jasper
- School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Lynette K Abbott
- School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Solé M, Chatzinotas A, Sridhar KR, Harms H, Krauss G. Improved coverage of fungal diversity in polluted groundwaters by semi-nested PCR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:324-330. [PMID: 18715627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods used for studying communities of aquatic hyphomycetes are based on the detection and identification of their asexual spores under a microscope. These techniques limit detection to aquatic fungi present in sufficient quantity and capable of sporulating under laboratory conditions. Our objective was to develop a molecular approach to detect and monitor all types of fungi (i.e. strictly or facultatively aquatic) in harsh habitats (i.e. groundwater wells and heavily polluted surface water) where fungal biomass may become limited. We developed a semi-nested PCR protocol for fungal 18S ribosomal RNA genes coupled to subsequent analysis of the PCR products by Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE) to monitor the fungal community structure in aquatic habitats characterized by a pollution gradient. Our TGGE-protocol was compared with the traditional morphological approach and revealed a higher diversity in groundwaters and in some polluted surface waters. Thus, PCR-TGGE is a promising alternative in particular in habitats with low fungal biomass. The dynamics of fungal biomass and sporulation rates during the first weeks of leaf colonization showed that habitats with adverse ecological conditions allow only reduced fungal growth, which might subsequently impact upper trophic levels and thus interfere with key ecological processes of leaf decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research--UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Mestek O, Polák J, Koplík R, Šantrůček J, Kodíček M. Isolation of Ligands of Trace Metals from Plant Samples by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802119608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Blindauer CA. Metallothioneins with unusual residues: histidines as modulators of zinc affinity and reactivity. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:507-21. [PMID: 18171588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
For many years, paradigms regarding metallothioneins comprised the exclusive metal coordination by thiolates from cysteine residues and the absence of aromatic residues. As more sequence and in vitro data on metallothioneins, in particular from non-vertebrate organisms, has become available, both the occurrence of and metal coordination by histidine residues in metallothioneins is emerging as a more frequent feature than expected. We discuss the general implications of histidines versus cysteines in zinc binding sites, and review some recent results from literature and our own lab. We conclude that histidines can stabilise metallothionein clusters by reducing the overall charge, offering the ability to help with structural organisation by supplying H-bond donor and acceptor properties, reducing the likelihood for disulfide bond formation, whilst maintaining a high affinity towards metal ions, in particular the borderline zinc ion.
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Miersch J, Grancharov K. Cadmium and heat response of the fungus Heliscus lugdunensis isolated from highly polluted and unpolluted areas. Amino Acids 2007; 34:271-7. [PMID: 17297561 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Induction of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and distinct metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) in response to Cd and heat treatment were studied in two strains of the aquatic hyphomycete Heliscus lugdunensis: Hl-H4, isolated from a heavy metal polluted site, and Hl-BB taken from an unpolluted area. Upon Cd-exposure, Hsp70 was actively synthesized in the strain Hl-H4, and to a much lower degree in the strain Hl-BB. The Hsp70-expression was time- and dose-dependent, reaching a maximum after 24 h incubation with 80 microM Cd. Upon heat-stress, a similar response was observed: a strong Hsp70-expression in Hl-H4, and only a marginal one in Hl-BB. The strains reacted to Cd-exposure by a specific, environmentally related induction of MTLPs, as shown by the highly sensitive bimane derivatisation method of SH-rich proteins. In Hl-H4, a strong expression of 11 kDa MTLP was registered, which followed strictly the induction pattern of Hsp70. This suggests interdependence of the induction mechanisms and roles of these stress proteins in metal resistance. On the contrary, in Hl-BB a weak expression of MTLP of about 20 kDa was observed, exhibiting completely different induction pattern. The results suggest that the specific induction of Hsp70 and/or distinct MTLPs in the range of 11 kDa in H. lugdunensis strain Hl-H4 are essential adaptive mechanisms to continuous heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miersch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
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Fomina M, Charnock J, Bowen AD, Gadd GM. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of toxic metal mineral transformations by fungi. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:308-21. [PMID: 17222130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi can be highly efficient biogeochemical agents and accumulators of soluble and particulate forms of metals. This work aims to understand some of the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in toxic metal transformations focusing on the speciation of metals accumulated by fungi and mycorrhizal associations. The amorphous state or poor crystallinity of metal complexes within biomass and relatively low metal concentrations make the determination of metal speciation in biological systems a challenging problem but this can be overcome by using synchrotron-based element-specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. In this research, we have exposed fungi and ectomycorrhizas to a variety of copper-, zinc- and lead-containing minerals. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies revealed that oxygen ligands (phosphate, carboxylate) played a major role in toxic metal coordination within the fungal and ectomycorrhizal biomass during the accumulation of mobilized toxic metals. Coordination of toxic metals within biomass depended on the fungal species, initial mineral composition, the nitrogen source, and the physiological state/age of the fungal mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fomina
- Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
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Guimarães-Soares L, Felícia H, João Bebianno M, Cássio F. Metal-binding proteins and peptides in the aquatic fungi Fontanospora fusiramosa and Flagellospora curta exposed to severe metal stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 372:148-56. [PMID: 17083969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of thiol-containing proteins/peptides and its role in metal-binding was examined in the aquatic hyphomycetes Fontanospora fusiramosa and Flagellospora curta exposed to Cu, Cd, or Zn at concentrations inhibiting the biomass production in 80%. Heat-treated cell-free extracts were separated by size-exclusion chromatography and the thiol and metal content in the fractions was determined. F. curta, the species tolerant to metals, showed higher absolute levels of thiol compounds, which bound higher amounts of Cu and Cd than F. fusiramosa. Peptides with very low molecular weight (<9 kDa), most likely glutathione and phytochelatins, were the major Cu- and Zn-binding components in both species of aquatic hyphomycetes. In most cases, proteins with high molecular weight (>26 kDa) were induced by metal ions and they were the major Cd-binding component in both species. Proteins with characteristics of metallothioneins were also induced by exposure to metals in both species, but they showed a minor role in metal-binding, suggesting they might have other functions in fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Guimarães-Soares
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Rother M, Krauss GJ, Grass G, Wesenberg D. Sulphate assimilation under Cd2+ stress in Physcomitrella patens--combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:1801-11. [PMID: 16913869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cd(2+) causes disturbance of metabolic pathways through severe damage on several levels. Here we present a comprehensive study of Cd(2+)-mediated effects on transcript, enzyme and metabolite levels in a plant without phytochelatin (PC). The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. was stressed with up to 10 microm Cd(2+) to investigate the regulation of gene transcription and activities of enzymes involved in the assimilatory sulphate reduction pathway and in glutathione biosynthesis. Real-time PCR, specific enzyme assays as well as thiol peptide profiling techniques were applied. Upon supplementation of 10 microm Cd(2+), the moss showed a more than fourfold increase in expression of genes encoding ATP sulphurylase (ATPS), adenosylphosphosulphate reductase, phosphoradenosylphosphorsulphate reductase, sulphite reductase (SiR) and gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS). Likewise, elevated enzyme activities of gamma-ECS and glutathione synthetase were observed. Contrarily, activity of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL), responsible for biosynthesis of cysteine, was diminished. At the metabolite level, nearly doubling of intracellular cysteine and glutathione content was noted, while the moss did not produce any detectable amounts of PCs. These results suggest a Cd(2+)-induced activation of the assimilatory sulphate reduction pathway as well as of glutathione biosynthesis on different levels of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rother
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Departments of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Halle, Germany
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Bellion M, Courbot M, Jacob C, Blaudez D, Chalot M. Extracellular and cellular mechanisms sustaining metal tolerance in ectomycorrhizal fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 254:173-81. [PMID: 16445743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2005.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent evidence that identifies potential extracellular and cellular mechanisms that may be involved in the tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi to excess metals in their environment. It appears likely that mechanisms described in the nonmycorrhizal fungal species are used in the ectomycorrhizal fungi as well. These include mechanisms that reduce uptake of metals into the cytosol by extracellular chelation through extruded ligands and binding onto cell-wall components. Intracellular chelation of metals in the cytosol by a range of ligands (glutathione, metallothioneins), or increased efflux from the cytosol out of the cell or into sequestering compartments are also key mechanisms conferring tolerance. Free-radical scavenging capacities through the activity of superoxide dismutase or production of glutathione add another line of defence against the toxic effect of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bellion
- IFR 110, UMR 1136 INRA/UHP Interactions Arbres Micro-organismes, Université Henri Poincaré- Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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Li Q, Chen H, Huang X, Costa M. Effects of 12 metal ions on iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and HIF-regulated genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 213:245-55. [PMID: 16386771 PMCID: PMC2965073 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 10/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several metal ions that are carcinogenic affect cellular iron homeostasis by competing with iron transporters or iron-regulated enzymes. Some metal ions can mimic a hypoxia response in cells under normal oxygen tension, and induce expression of HIF-1alpha-regulated genes. This study investigated whether 12 metal ions altered iron homeostasis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells as measured by an activation of IRP-1 and ferritin level. We also studied hypoxia signaling by measuring HIF-1alpha protein levels, hypoxia response element (HRE)-driven luciferase reporter activity, and Cap43 protein level (an HIF-1alpha responsive gene). Our results show the following: (i) Ni(II), Co(II), V(V), Mn(II), and to a lesser extent As(III) and Cu(II) activated the binding of IRP-1 to IRE after 24 h, while the other metal ions had no effect; (ii) 10 of 12 metal ions induced HIF-1alpha protein but to strikingly different degrees. Two of these metal ions, Al(III) and Cd(II), did not induce HIF-1alpha protein; however, as indicated below, only Ni(II), Co (II), and to lesser extent Mn(II) and V(V) activated HIF-1alpha-dependent transcription. The combined effects of both [Ni(II) + As(III)] and [Ni(II) + Cr(VI)] on HIF-1alpha protein were synergistic; (iii) Addition of Fe(II) with Ni(II), Co(II), and Cr(VI) attenuated the induction of HIF-1alpha after 4 h treatment; (iv) Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) significantly decrease ferritin level after 24 h exposure; (v) Ni(II), Co(II), V(V), and Mn(II) activated HRE reporter gene after 20 h treatment; (vi) Ni(II), Co(II), V(V), and Mn(II) increased the HIF-1-dependent Cap43 protein level after 24 h treatment. In conclusion, only Ni (II), Co (II), and to a lesser extent Mn(II) and V(V) significantly stabilized HIF-1alpha protein, activated IRP, decreased the levels of ferritin, induced the transcription of HIF-dependent reporter, and increased the expression of Cap43 protein levels (HIF-dependent gene). The mechanism for the significant stabilization and elevation of HIF-1alpha protein which drives these other parameters was previously shown by us and others to involve a loss of cellular Fe as well as inhibition of HIF-1alpha-dependent prolyl hydroxylases which target the binding of VHL ubiquitin ligase and degrade HIF-1alpha. Even though there were small effects of some of the other metals on IRP and HIF-1alpha, downstream effects of HIF-1alpha activation and therefore robust hypoxia signaling were only observed with Ni(II), Co(II), and to much lesser extents with Mn(II) and V(V) in human A549 lung cells. It is of interest that the metal ions that were most effective in activating hypoxia signaling were the ones that were poor inducers of metallothionein protein and also decreased Ferritin levels, since both of these proteins can bind metal ions and protect the cell against toxicity in human lung cells. It is important to study effects of these metals in human lung cells since this represents a major route of human environmental and occupational exposure to these metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Costa
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 845 3512118. (M. Costa)
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