1
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Yang Y, Valencia LA, Lu CH, Nakamoto ML, Tsai CT, Liu C, Yang H, Zhang W, Jahed Z, Lee WR, Santoro F, Liou J, Wu JC, Cui B. Membrane Curvature Promotes ER-PM Contact Formation via Junctophilin-EHD Interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.29.601287. [PMID: 38979311 PMCID: PMC11230412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.29.601287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) play a crucial role in governing calcium regulation and lipid homeostasis. Despite their significance, the factors regulating their spatial distribution on the PM remain elusive. Inspired by observations in cardiomyocytes, where ER-PM contact sites concentrate on tubular PM invaginations known as transverse tubules (T-tubules), we hypothesize that the PM curvature plays a role in ER-PM contact formation. Through precise control of PM invaginations, we show that PM curvatures locally induce the formation of ER-PM contacts in cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, the junctophilin family of ER-PM tethering proteins, specifically expressed in excitable cells, is the key player in this process, while the ubiquitously expressed extended synaptotagmin 2 does not show a preference for PM curvature. At the mechanistic level, we find that the low complexity region (LCR) and the MORN motifs of junctophilins can independently bind to the PM, but both the LCR and MORN motifs are required for targeting PM curvatures. By examining the junctophilin interactome, we identify a family of curvature-sensing proteins, Eps15-homology domain containing proteins (EHDs), that interact with the MORN_LCR motifs and facilitate junctophilins' preferential tethering to curved PM. These findings highlight the pivotal role of PM curvature in the formation of ER-PM contacts in cardiomyocytes and unveil a novel mechanism for the spatial regulation of ER-PM contacts through PM curvature modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Melissa L Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Physiology and Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum, Juelich 52428, Germany
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Kodakandla G, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D. Regulatory mechanisms controlling store-operated calcium entry. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1330259. [PMID: 38169682 PMCID: PMC10758431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1330259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx through plasma membrane ion channels is crucial for many events in cellular physiology. Cell surface stimuli lead to the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which binds to IP3 receptors (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to release calcium pools from the ER lumen. This leads to the depletion of ER calcium pools, which has been termed store depletion. Store depletion leads to the dissociation of calcium ions from the EF-hand motif of the ER calcium sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). This leads to a conformational change in STIM1, which helps it to interact with the plasma membrane (PM) at ER:PM junctions. At these ER:PM junctions, STIM1 binds to and activates a calcium channel known as Orai1 to form calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. Activation of Orai1 leads to calcium influx, known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In addition to Orai1 and STIM1, the homologs of Orai1 and STIM1, such as Orai2/3 and STIM2, also play a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. The influx of calcium through the Orai channel activates a calcium current that has been termed the CRAC current. CRAC channels form multimers and cluster together in large macromolecular assemblies termed "puncta". How CRAC channels form puncta has been contentious since their discovery. In this review, we will outline the history of SOCE, the molecular players involved in this process, as well as the models that have been proposed to explain this critical mechanism in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Kodakandla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Askar M. Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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3
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Santana Nunez D, Malik AB, Lee Q, Ahn SJ, Coctecon-Murillo A, Lazarko D, Levitan I, Mehta D, Komarova YA. Piezo1 induces endothelial responses to shear stress via soluble adenylyl Cyclase-IP 3R2 circuit. iScience 2023; 26:106661. [PMID: 37168565 PMCID: PMC10164902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) continuously sense and adapt to changes in shear stress generated by blood flow. Here, we show that the activation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 by defined shear forces induces Ca2+ entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the ER Ca2+ ATPase pump. This entry is followed by inositol trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2)-elicited ER Ca2+ release into the cytosol. The mechanism of ER Ca2+ release involves the generation of cAMP by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), leading to IP3R2-evoked Ca2+ gating. Depleting sAC or IP3R2 prevents ER Ca2+ release and blocks EC alignment in the direction of flow. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt1 restores the shear-induced alignment of ECs lacking Piezo1 or IP3R2, as well as the flow-induced vasodilation in endothelial restricted Piezo1 knockout mice. These studies describe an unknown Piezo1-cAMP-IP3R2 circuit as an essential mechanism activating Akt signaling and inducing adaptive changes in ECs to laminar flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianicha Santana Nunez
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asrar B. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sang Joon Ahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnold Coctecon-Murillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Lazarko
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yulia A. Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Manning D, Barrett-Jolley R, Evans RL, Dart C. TRPC1 channel clustering during store-operated Ca 2+ entry in keratinocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141006. [PMID: 36950299 PMCID: PMC10025536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the human body with ∼95% of its surface made up of keratinocytes. These cells maintain a healthy skin barrier through regulated differentiation driven by Ca2+-transcriptional coupling. Many important skin conditions arise from disruption of this process although not all stages are fully understood. We know that elevated extracellular Ca2+ at the skin surface is detected by keratinocyte Gαq-coupled receptors that signal to empty endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Orai channel store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+ influx via "canonical" transient receptor potential (TRPC)-composed channels then activates transcription factors that drive differentiation. While STIM-mediated activation of Orai channels following store depletion is well defined, how TRPC channels are activated is less clear. Multiple modes of TRPC channel activation have been proposed, including 1) independent TRPC activation by STIM, 2) formation of Orai-TRPC-STIM complexes, and 3) the insertion of constitutively-active TRPC channels into the membrane during SOCE. To help distinguish between these models, we used high-resolution microscopy of intact keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of HaCaT plasma membrane sheets. Our data shows no evidence of significant insertion of Orai1 or TRPC subunits into the membrane during SOCE. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy data shows that during store-depletion and SOCE, Orai1 and TRPC subunits form separate membrane-localized clusters that migrate towards each other. This clustering of TRPC channel subunits in keratinocytes may support the formation of TRPC-STIM interactions at ER-plasma membrane junctions that are distinct from Orai-STIM junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Evans
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Caroline Dart,
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5
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Zhou X, Chen Z, Xiao L, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Tao H. Intracellular calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation underlying epileptic seizures. Seizure 2022; 103:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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6
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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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7
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Huang YT, Hsu YT, Chen YF, Shen MR. Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals That Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 Trafficking Depends on Microtubule Dynamics. Front Physiol 2021; 12:762387. [PMID: 34803742 PMCID: PMC8602801 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is an essential pathway for Ca2+ signaling, and regulates various vital cellular functions. It is triggered by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Illustration of STIM1 spatiotemporal structure at the nanometer scale during SOCE activation provides structural and functional insights into the fundamental Ca2+ homeostasis. In this study, we used direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to revisit the dynamic process of the interaction between STIM1, end-binding protein (EB), and microtubules to the ER-plasma membrane. Using dSTORM, we found that“powder-like”STIM1 aggregates into “trabecular-like” architectures toward the cell periphery during SOCE, and that an intact microtubule network and EB1 are essential for STIM1 trafficking. After thapsigargin treatment, STIM1 can interact with EB1 regardless of undergoing aggregation. We generated STIM1 variants adapted from a real-world database and introduced them into SiHa cells to clarify the impact of STIM1 mutations on cancer cell behavior. The p.D76G and p.D84Y variants locating on the Ca2+ binding domain of STIM1 result in inhibition of focal adhesion turnover, Ca2+ influx during SOCE and subsequent cell migration. Inversely, the p.R643C variant on the microtubule interacting domain of STIM1 leads to dissimilar consequence and aggravates cell migration. These findings imply that STIM1 mutational patterns have an impact on cancer metastasis, and therefore could be either a prognostic marker or a novel therapeutic target to inhibit the malignant behavior of STIM1-mediated cancer cells. Altogether, we generated novel insight into the role of STIM1 during SOCE activation, and uncovered the impact of real-world STIM1 variants on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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8
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Intertwined and Finely Balanced: Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology, Dynamics, Function, and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092341. [PMID: 34571990 PMCID: PMC8472773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that is responsible for many essential subcellular processes. Interconnected narrow tubules at the periphery and thicker sheet-like regions in the perinuclear region are linked to the nuclear envelope. It is becoming apparent that the complex morphology and dynamics of the ER are linked to its function. Mutations in the proteins involved in regulating ER structure and movement are implicated in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The ER is also hijacked by pathogens to promote their replication. Bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia trachomatis, as well as the Zika virus, bind to ER morphology and dynamics-regulating proteins to exploit the functions of the ER to their advantage. This review covers our understanding of ER morphology, including the functional subdomains and membrane contact sites that the organelle forms. We also focus on ER dynamics and the current efforts to quantify ER motion and discuss the diseases related to ER morphology and dynamics.
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9
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Regulation of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry by SARAF. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081887. [PMID: 34440656 PMCID: PMC8391525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a dichotomous role in cellular biology, controlling cell survival and proliferation on the one hand and cellular toxicity and cell death on the other. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) by CRAC channels represents a major pathway for Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells. The CRAC channel has two key components, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and the plasma-membrane Ca2+ channel Orai. Physical coupling between STIM and Orai opens the CRAC channel and the resulting Ca2+ flux is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism of slow Ca2+ dependent inactivation (SCDI). The identification of the SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) and investigations of its role in SCDI have led to new functional and molecular insights into how SOCE is controlled. In this review, we provide an overview of the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying SCDI and discuss how the interaction between SARAF, STIM1, and Orai1 shapes Ca2+ signaling in cells.
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10
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Volz J, Kusch C, Beck S, Popp M, Vögtle T, Meub M, Scheller I, Heil HS, Preu J, Schuhmann MK, Hemmen K, Premsler T, Sickmann A, Heinze KG, Stegner D, Stoll G, Braun A, Sauer M, Nieswandt B. BIN2 orchestrates platelet calcium signaling in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6064-6079. [PMID: 32750041 DOI: 10.1172/jci136457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the major route of Ca2+ influx in platelets. The Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggers SOCE by forming punctate structures with the Ca2+ channel Orai1 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), thereby linking the endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Here, we identified the BAR domain superfamily member bridging integrator 2 (BIN2) as an interaction partner of STIM1 and IP3R in platelets. Deletion of platelet BIN2 (Bin2fl/fl,Pf4-Cre mice) resulted in reduced Ca2+ store release and Ca2+ influx in response to all tested platelet agonists. These defects were a consequence of impaired IP3R function in combination with defective STIM1-mediated SOC channel activation, while Ca2+ store content and agonist-induced IP3 production were unaltered. This severely defective Ca2+ signaling translated into impaired thrombus formation under flow and a protection of Bin2fl/fl,Pf4-Cre mice in models of arterial thrombosis and stroke. Our results establish BIN2 as a central regulator of platelet activation in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Volz
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Popp
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Inga Scheller
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah S Heil
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Preu
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Katherina Hemmen
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Premsler
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Dortmund, Germany.,Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
As an important second messenger in adipocytes, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential in regulating various intracellular signalling pathways that control critical cellular functions. Calcium channels show selective permeability to Ca2+ and facilitate Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm, which are normally located in the plasmatic and intracellular membranes. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ modulates a variety of signalling pathways and results in the transcription of target genes that contribute to adipogenesis, a key cellular event includes proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte. In the past decades, the involvement of some Ca2+-permeable ion channels, such as Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated calcium channels and others, in adipogenesis has been extensively explored. In the present review, we provided a summary of the expression and contributions of these Ca2+-permeable channels in mediating Ca2+ influxes that drive adipogenesis. Moreover, we discussed their potentials as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhai
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Schach C, Wester M, Leibl F, Redel A, Gruber M, Maier LS, Endemann D, Wagner S. Reduced store-operated Ca 2+ entry impairs mesenteric artery function in response to high external glucose in type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1145-1157. [PMID: 32147830 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs) have been implicated in many diabetic complications. Vascular dysfunction is common in patients with diabetes, but the role of SOCCs in diabetic vasculopathy is still unclear. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG) on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in small arteries. Small mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic Zucker fatty rats (ZDF) versus their non-diabetic controls (Zucker lean, ZL) were examined in a pressurized myograph. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were isolated and intracellular Ca2+ was measured (Fura 2-AM). A specific protocol to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores and thereby open SOCCs, as well as pharmacological SOCE inhibitors (SKF-96365, BTP-2), were used to artificially activate and inhibit SOCE, respectively. High glucose (40 mmol/L) relaxed arteries in a SKF-sensitive manner. Diabetic arteries exhibited reduced HG-induced relaxation, as well as reduced contraction after Ca2+ replenishment. Further, the rise in intracellular Ca2+ on account of SOCE is diminished in diabetic versus non-diabetic VSMCs and was insensitive to HG in diabetic VSMCs. The expression of SOCC proteins was measured, detecting a downregulation of Orai1 in diabetes. In conclusion, diabetes leads to a reduction of SOCE and SOCE-induced contraction, which is unresponsive to HG-mediated inhibition. The reduced expression of Orai1 in diabetic arteries could account for the observed reduction in SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schach
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wester
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Leibl
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Redel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gruber
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk Endemann
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Zuconelli CR, Schmidt S, Wallbrecher R, van Oostrum J, Bartels YL, Didan Y, Berendsen ML, Brock R, Adjobo-Hermans MJ. Modulation of Orai1 by cationic peptides triggers their direct cytosolic uptake. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Schartner V, Laporte J, Böhm J. Abnormal Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Calcium Homeostasis in Myopathies and Cardiomyopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:289-305. [PMID: 31356215 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction requires specialized membrane structures with precise geometry and relies on the concerted interplay of electrical stimulation and Ca2+ release, known as excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). The membrane structure hosting ECC is called triad in skeletal muscle and dyad in cardiac muscle, and structural or functional defects of triads and dyads have been observed in a variety of myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Based on their function, the proteins localized at the triad/dyad can be classified into three molecular pathways: the Ca2+ release complex (CRC), store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and membrane remodeling. All three are mechanistically linked, and consequently, aberrations in any of these pathways cause similar disease entities. This review provides an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of triad and dyad defects with a main focus of attention on the underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schartner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
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15
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Popugaeva E, Bezprozvanny I, Chernyuk D. Reversal of Calcium Dysregulation as Potential Approach for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:344-354. [PMID: 32469698 PMCID: PMC8210816 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200528162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and effort, there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Most of the recent AD clinical trials were targeting amyloid pathway, but all these trials failed. Although amyloid pathology is a hallmark and defining feature of AD, targeting the amyloid pathway has been very challenging due to low efficacy and serious side effects. Alternative approaches or mechanisms for our understanding of the major cause of memory loss in AD need to be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Increasing studies suggest that Ca2+ dysregulation in AD plays an important role in AD pathology and is associated with other AD abnormalities, such as excessive inflammation, increased ROS, impaired autophagy, neurodegeneration, synapse, and cognitive dysfunction. Ca2+ dysregulation in cytosolic space, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria have been reported in the context of various AD models. Drugs or strategies, to correct the Ca2+ dysregulation in AD, have been demonstrated to be promising as an approach for the treatment of AD in preclinical models. This review will discuss the mechanisms of Ca2+ dysregulation in AD and associated pathology and discuss potential approaches or strategies to develop novel drugs for the treatment of AD by targeting Ca2+ dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Daria Chernyuk
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Zhang J, Li X, Ismail F, Xu S, Wang Z, Peng X, Yang C, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Priority Strategy of Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle Fibers During the Multiple Stresses of Hibernation. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010042. [PMID: 31877883 PMCID: PMC7016685 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
: Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays a vital role in the preservation of skeletal muscle. In view of the well-maintained skeletal muscle found in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation, we hypothesized that hibernators possess unique strategies of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, cytoplasmic, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, as well as the potential Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms, were investigated in skeletal muscle fibers of Daurian ground squirrels at different stages of hibernation. The results showed that cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels increased in the skeletal muscle fibers during late torpor (LT) and inter-bout arousal (IBA), and partially recovered when the animals re-entered torpor (early torpor, ET). Furthermore, compared with levels in the summer active or pre-hibernation state, the activity and protein expression levels of six major Ca2+ channels/proteins were up-regulated during hibernation, including the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1), SR Ca2+ ATPase 1 (SERCA1), mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCU complex), and calmodulin (CALM). Among these, the increased extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE, SR Ca2+ release mediated by RyR1, and mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion mediated by LETM1 may be triggers for the periodic elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels observed during hibernation. Furthermore, the increased SR Ca2+ uptake through SERCA1, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by MCU, and elevated free Ca2+ binding capacity mediated by CALM may be vital strategies in hibernating ground squirrels to attenuate cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and restore Ca2+ homeostasis during hibernation. Compared with that in LT or IBA, the decreased extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE and elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by MCU may be important mechanisms for the partial cytoplasmic Ca2+ recovery in ET. Overall, under extreme conditions, hibernating ground squirrels still possess the ability to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Human Functional Genomics Laboratory, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Fazeela Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710069, China; (J.Z.); (F.I.); (S.X.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (H.W.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.G.)
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17
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Morin G, Biancalana V, Echaniz-Laguna A, Noury JB, Lornage X, Moggio M, Ripolone M, Violano R, Marcorelles P, Maréchal D, Renaud F, Maurage CA, Tard C, Cuisset JM, Laporte J, Böhm J. Tubular aggregate myopathy and Stormorken syndrome: Mutation spectrum and genotype/phenotype correlation. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:17-37. [PMID: 31448844 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) acts as a ubiquitous second messenger, and normal cell and tissue physiology strictly depends on the precise regulation of Ca2+ entry, storage, and release. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism controlling extracellular Ca2+ entry, and mainly relies on the accurate interplay between the Ca2+ sensor STIM1 and the Ca2+ channel ORAI1. Mutations in STIM1 or ORAI1 result in abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis and are associated with severe human disorders. Recessive loss-of-function mutations impair SOCE and cause combined immunodeficiency, while dominant gain-of-function mutations induce excessive extracellular Ca2+ entry and cause tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and Stormorken syndrome (STRMK). TAM and STRMK are spectra of the same multisystemic disease characterized by muscle weakness, miosis, thrombocytopenia, hyposplenism, ichthyosis, dyslexia, and short stature. To date, 42 TAM/STRMK families have been described, and here we report five additional families for which we provide clinical, histological, ultrastructural, and genetic data. In this study, we list and review all new and previously reported STIM1 and ORAI1 cases, discuss the pathomechanisms of the mutations based on the known functions and the protein structure of STIM1 and ORAI1, draw a genotype/phenotype correlation, and delineate an efficient screening strategy for the molecular diagnosis of TAM/STRMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Morin
- Clinical Genetics, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,University of Picardy Jules Verne, EA 4666, Amiens, France.,Department of translational medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Biancalana
- Department of translational medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique, CHRU, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Inserm U1195 & Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Xavière Lornage
- Department of translational medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Violano
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Denis Maréchal
- Department of Neurology, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Florence Renaud
- Department of Pathology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Céline Tard
- CHU Lille, Inserm U1171, Service de neurologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord Est Ile-de-France, Lille University, Lille, France
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of translational medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Department of translational medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
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18
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Malette J, Degrandmaison J, Giguère H, Berthiaume J, Frappier M, Parent JL, Auger-Messier M, Boulay G. MURC/CAVIN-4 facilitates store-operated calcium entry in neonatal cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1249-1259. [PMID: 30951783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intact store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanisms ensure the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes while their dysregulation promotes the development of cardiomyopathies. To better understand this calcium handling process in cardiomyocytes, we sought to identify unknown protein partners of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a main regulatory protein of SOCE. We identified the muscle-related coiled-coil protein (MURC), also known as Cavin-4, as a candidate and showed that MURC interacts with STIM1 in cardiomyocytes. This interaction occurs via the HR1 and ERM domains of MURC and STIM1, respectively. Our results also demonstrated that the overexpression of MURC in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) is sufficient to potentiate SOCE and that its HR1 domain is required to mediate this effect. Interestingly, the R140W-MURC mutant, a missense variant of the HR1 domain associated with human dilated cardiomyopathy, exacerbates the SOCE increase in NRVM. Although the endogenous expression of STIM1 and Ca2+ channel Orai1 is not modulated under these conditions, we showed that MURC increases the interaction between these proteins under resting conditions. Our study provides novel evidence that MURC regulates SOCE by interacting with STIM1 in cardiomyocytes. In addition, we identified a first potential mechanism by which the R140W mutation of MURC may contribute to calcium mishandling and the development of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Malette
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jade Degrandmaison
- Département de Médecine - Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Berthiaume
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maude Frappier
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine - Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Guylain Boulay
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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19
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Detecting In-Situ oligomerization of engineered STIM1 proteins by diffraction-limited optical imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213655. [PMID: 30908505 PMCID: PMC6433367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several signaling proteins require self-association of individual monomer units to be activated for triggering downstream signaling cascades in cells. Methods that allow visualizing their underlying molecular mechanisms will immensely benefit cell biology. Using enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) complementation, here I present a functional imaging approach for visualizing the protein-protein interaction in cells. Activation mechanism of an ER (endoplasmic reticulum) resident Ca2+ sensor, STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1) that regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry in cells is considered as a model system. Co-expression of engineered full-length human STIM1 (ehSTIM1) with N-terminal complementary split eGFP pairs in mammalian cells fluoresces to form ‘puncta’ upon a drop in ER lumen Ca2+ concentration. Quantization of discrete fluorescent intensities of ehSTIM1 molecules at a diffraction-limited resolution revealed a diverse set of intensity levels not exceeding six-fold. Detailed screening of the ehSTIM1 molecular entities characterized by one to six fluorescent emitters across various in-plane sections shows a greater probability of occurrence for entities with six emitters in the vicinity of the plasma membrane (PM) than at the interior sections. However, the number density of entities with six emitters was lesser than that of others localized close to the PM. This finding led to hypothesize that activated ehSTIM1 dimers perhaps oligomerize in bundles ranging from 1–6 with an increased propensity for the occurrence of hexamers of ehSTIM1 dimer units close to PM even when its partner protein, ORAI1 (PM resident Ca2+ channel) is not sufficiently over-expressed in cells. The experimental data presented here provide direct evidence for luminal domain association of ehSTIM1 monomer units to trigger activation and allow enumerating various oligomers of ehSTIM1 in cells.
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20
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E-syt1 Re-arranges STIM1 Clusters to Stabilize Ring-shaped ER-PM Contact Sites and Accelerate Ca 2+ Store Replenishment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3975. [PMID: 30850711 PMCID: PMC6408583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In many non-excitable cells, the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores leads to the dynamic formation of membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and the plasma membrane (PM), which activates the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) to refill the ER store. Two different Ca2+-sensitive proteins, STIM1 and extended synaptotagmin-1 (E-syt1), are activated during this process. Due to the lack of live cell super-resolution imaging, how MCSs are dynamically regulated by STIM1 and E-syt1 coordinately during ER Ca2+ store depletion and replenishment remain unknown. With home-built super-resolution microscopes that provide superior axial and lateral resolution in live cells, we revealed that extracellular Ca2+ influx via SOCE activated E-syt1s to move towards the PM by ~12 nm. Unexpectedly, activated E-syt1s did not constitute the MCSs per se, but re-arranged neighboring ER structures into ring-shaped MCSs (230~280 nm in diameter) enclosing E-syt1 puncta, which helped to stabilize MCSs and accelerate local ER Ca2+ replenishment. Overall, we have demonstrated different roles of STIM1 and E-syt1 in MCS formation regulation, SOCE activation and ER Ca2+ store replenishment.
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21
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Lunz V, Romanin C, Frischauf I. STIM1 activation of Orai1. Cell Calcium 2019; 77:29-38. [PMID: 30530091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A primary calcium (Ca2+) entry pathway into non-excitable cells is through the store-operated Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. Ca2+ entry into cells is responsible for the initiation of diverse signalling cascades that affect essential cellular processes like gene regulation, cell growth and death, secretion and gene transcription. Upon depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the CRAC channel opens to refill depleted stores. The two key limiting molecular players of the CRAC channel are the stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) embedded in the ER-membrane and Orai1, residing in the plasma membrane (PM), respectively. Together, they form a highly Ca2+ selective ion channel complex. STIM1 senses the Ca2+ content of the ER and confers Ca2+ store-depletion into the opening of Orai1 channels in the PM for triggering Ca2+-dependent gene transcription, T-cell activation or mast cell degranulation. The interplay of Orai and STIM proteins in the CRAC channel signalling cascade has been the main focus of research for more than twelve years. This chapter focuses on current knowledge and main experimental advances in the understanding of Orai1 activation by STIM1, thereby portraying key mechanistic steps in the CRAC channel signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lunz
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020, Linz, Austria.
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22
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Chen Y, Chen L, Shen M. The distinct role of STIM1 and STIM2 in the regulation of store‐operated Ca
2+
entry and cellular function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8727-8739. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih‐Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Li‐Hsien Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
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23
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Calcium store refilling and STIM activation in STIM- and Orai-deficient cell lines. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1555-1567. [PMID: 29934936 PMCID: PMC6153602 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mediated through the combined action of STIM proteins and Orai channels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) functions ubiquitously among different cell types. The existence of multiple STIM and Orai genes has made it difficult to assign specific roles of each STIM and Orai homolog in mediating Ca2+ signals. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools, we generated cells with both STIM or all three Orai homologs deleted and directly monitored store Ca2+ and Ca2+ signals. We found that unstimulated, SOCE null KO cells still retain 50~70% of ER Ca2+ stores of wildtype (wt) cells. After brief exposure to store-emptying conditions, acute refilling of ER Ca2+ stores was totally blocked in KO cells. However, after 24 h in culture, stores were eventually refilled. Thus, SOCE is critical for immediate refilling of ER Ca2+ but is dispensable for the maintenance of long-term ER Ca2+ homeostasis. Using the Orai null background triple Orai-KO cells, we examined the plasma membrane translocation properties of a series of truncated STIM1 variants. FRET analysis reveals that, even though PM tethering of STIM1 expedites the activation of STIM1 by facilitating its oligomerization, migration, and accumulation in ER-PM junctions, it is not required for the conformational switch, oligomerization, and clustering of STIM1. Even without overt puncta formation at ER-PM junctions, STIM11–491 and STIM11–666 could still rescue SOCE when expressed in STIM KO cells. Thus, ER-PM trapping and clustering of STIM molecules only facilitates the process of SOCE activation, but is not essential for the activation of Orai channels.
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24
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Distinct gating mechanism of SOC channel involving STIM-Orai coupling and an intramolecular interaction of Orai in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4623-E4632. [PMID: 29712850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714986115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), an important mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in a wide range of cell types, is mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM), which senses the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and binds and activates Orai channels in the plasma membrane. This inside-out mechanism of Ca2+ signaling raises an interesting question about the evolution of SOCE: How did these two proteins existing in different cellular compartments evolve to interact with each other? We investigated the gating mechanism of Caenorhabditis elegans Orai channels. Our analysis revealed a mechanism of Orai gating by STIM binding to the intracellular 2-3 loop of Orai in C. elegans that is radically different from Orai gating by STIM binding to the N and C termini of Orai in mammals. In addition, we found that the conserved hydrophobic amino acids in the 2-3 loop of Orai1 are important for the oligomerization and gating of channels and are regulated via an intramolecular interaction mechanism mediated by the N and C termini of Orai1. This study identifies a previously unknown SOCE mechanism in C. elegans and suggests that, while the STIM-Orai interaction is conserved between invertebrates and mammals, the gating mechanism for Orai channels differs considerably.
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25
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Zhang L, Chao CH, Jaeger LA, Papp AB, Machaty Z. Calcium oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes are associated with repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. Biol Reprod 2018; 98:510-519. [PMID: 29365044 PMCID: PMC5905661 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ entry mechanism that sustains the Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes was investigated. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 proteins tagged with various fluorophores were expressed in the oocytes. In some cells, the Ca2+ stores were depleted using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA); others were inseminated. Changes in the oocytes' cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration were monitored, while interaction between the expressed fusion proteins was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Store depletion led to an increase of the FRET signal in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, indicating that Ca2+ release was followed by an interaction between these proteins. A similar FRET increase in response to CPA was also detected in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-STIM1, which is consistent with STIM1 forming punctae after store depletion. ML-9, an inhibitor that can interfere with STIM1 puncta formation, blocked store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) induced by Ca2+ add-back after a CPA treatment; it also disrupted the Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes. In addition, oocytes overexpressing mVenus-STIM1 showed high-frequency Ca2+ oscillations when fertilized, arguing for an active role of the protein. High-frequency Ca2+ oscillations were also detected in fertilized oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, and both of these high-frequency Ca2+ oscillations could be stopped by inhibitors of SOCE. Importantly, in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, we were also able to detect cyclic increases of the FRET signal indicating repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. The results confirm the notion that in pig oocytes, SOCE is involved in the maintenance of the repetitive Ca2+ transients at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Laurie A Jaeger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Agnes Bali Papp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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26
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Yao JH, Liu ZJ, Yi JH, Wang J, Liu YN. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Upregulates Intracellular Calcium Signaling by Binding C-terminal of Orail Protein. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:26-34. [PMID: 30074148 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Although regulation of cytosolic calcium is essential for HBV replication and is mediated by HBx protein, the mechanism of HBx protein regulating intracellular calcium level remains poorly understood. The present study examined whether HBx protein elevated the intracellular calcium through interacting with storeoperated calcium entry (SOCE) components, Orail and stromal interaction molecule 1, and then identified the targets of HBx protein, with an attempt to understand the mechanism of HBx protein upsetting intracellular calcium homeostasis. By employing co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull-down assay, we found that Orail protein interacted with HBx protein, and the C-terminus of Orail was implicated in the interaction. Confocal microscopy also revealed that HBx protein could co-localize with full-length Orail protein in HEK293 cells. Moreover, live cell calcium imaging exhibited that HBx protein elevated intracellular calcium, possibly by binding to SOCE components. Our results suggest that HBx protein binds to STIM1-Orail complexes to positively regulate the activity of plasma membrane store-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zi-Jian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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27
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Palty R, Fu Z, Isacoff EY. Sequential Steps of CRAC Channel Activation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1929-1939. [PMID: 28564609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum protein STIM1 and the plasma membrane channel ORAI1 generates calcium signals that are central for diverse cellular functions. How STIM1 binds and activates ORAI1 remains poorly understood. Using electrophysiological, optical, and biochemical techniques, we examined the effects of mutations in the STIM1-ORAI1 activating region (SOAR) of STIM1. We find that SOAR mutants that are deficient in binding to resting ORAI1 channels are able to bind to and boost activation of partially activated ORAI1 channels. We further show that the STIM1 binding regions on ORAI1 undergo structural rearrangement during channel activation. The results suggest that activation of ORAI1 by SOAR occurs in multiple steps. In the first step, SOAR binds to ORAI1, partially activates the channel, and induces a rearrangement in the SOAR-binding site of ORAI1. That rearrangement of ORAI1 then permits sequential steps of SOAR binding, via distinct molecular interactions, to fully activate the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Palty
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Zhu Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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28
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Oh MR, Lee KJ, Huang M, Kim JO, Kim DH, Cho CH, Lee EH. STIM2 regulates both intracellular Ca 2+ distribution and Ca 2+ movement in skeletal myotubes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17936. [PMID: 29263348 PMCID: PMC5738411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) along with Orai1 mediates extracellular Ca2+ entry into the cytosol through a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism in various tissues including skeletal muscle. However, the role(s) of STIM2, a homolog of STIM1, in skeletal muscle has not been well addressed. The present study, first, was focused on searching for STIM2-binding proteins from among proteins mediating skeletal muscle functions. This study used a binding assay, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and co-immunoprecipitation assay with bona-fide STIM2- and SERCA1a-expressing rabbit skeletal muscle. The region for amino acids from 453 to 729 of STIM2 binds to sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1a (SERCA1a). Next, oxalate-supported 45Ca2+-uptake experiments and various single-myotube Ca2+ imaging experiments using STIM2-knockdown mouse primary skeletal myotubes have suggested that STIM2 attenuates SERCA1a activity during skeletal muscle contraction, which contributes to the intracellular Ca2+ distribution between the cytosol and the SR at rest. In addition, STIM2 regulates Ca2+ movement through RyR1 during skeletal muscle contraction as well as SOCE. Therefore, via regulation of SERCA1a activity, STIM2 regulates both intracellular Ca2+ distribution and Ca2+ movement in skeletal muscle, which makes it both similar to, yet different from, STIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ri Oh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Han Kim
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Zhu J, Feng Q, Stathopulos PB. The STIM-Orai Pathway: STIM-Orai Structures: Isolated and in Complex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:15-38. [PMID: 28900907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made elucidating the molecular mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) sensing by stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) and the basis for Orai channel activity. This chapter focuses on the available high-resolution structural details of STIM and Orai proteins with respect to the regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Solution structures of the Ca2+-sensing domains of STIM1 and STIM2 are reviewed in detail, crystal structures of cytosolic coiled-coil STIM fragments are discussed, and an overview of the closed Drosophila melanogaster Orai hexameric structure is provided. Additionally, we highlight structures of human Orai1 N-terminal and C-terminal domains in complex with calmodulin and human STIM1, respectively. Ultimately, the accessible structural data are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms of action and cohesiveness with functional observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
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30
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Li YB, Pei XY, Wang D, Chen CH, Cai MJ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone upregulates calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1 expression to induce apoptosis in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera. Cell Calcium 2017; 68:24-33. [PMID: 29129205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Animal steroid hormones stimulate extracellular Ca2+ influx into cells; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we determined that the Ca2+ influx induced by steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is mediated by the calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1 (CRACM1/Orai1). The Orai1 mRNA is highly expressed during midgut programmed cell death in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. 20E upregulated the expression of Orai1 in H. armigera larvae and in an epidermal cell line (HaEpi). Knockdown of Orai1 in HaEpi cells blocked 20E-induced Ca2+ influx, and the inhibitor of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) Xestospongin (XeC) blocked 20E-induced Ca2+ influx, suggesting that 20E, via Orai1, induces stored-operated Ca2+ influx. Orai1 interacts with stromal interaction molecule 1(Stim1) to exert its function in 20E-induced Ca2+ influx. 20E promotes Orai1 aggregation through G-protein-coupled receptors, phospholipase C gamma 1, and Stim1. Knockdown of Orai1 in the HaEpi cell line repressed apoptosis and maintained autophagy under 20E regulation. Knockdown of Orai1 in larvae delayed pupation, repressed midgut apoptosis, maintained the midgut in an autophagic state, and repressed 20E-pathway gene expression. These results revealed that steroid hormone 20E, via Orai1, induces Ca2+ influx to promote the transition of midgut from autophagy to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xu-Yang Pei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Cai-Hua Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Mei-Juan Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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31
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Lee AM, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M. CalQuo 2 : Automated Fourier-space, population-level quantification of global intracellular calcium responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5416. [PMID: 28710416 PMCID: PMC5511169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium acts as a secondary messenger in a wide variety of crucial biological signaling processes. Advances in fluorescence microscopy and calcium sensitive dyes has led to the routine quantification of calcium responses in non-excitable cells. However, the automatization of global intracellular calcium analysis at the single-cell level within a large population simultaneously remains challenging. One software, CalQuo (Calcium Quantification), offers some automatic features in calcium analysis. Here, we present an advanced version of the software package: CalQuo 2 . CalQuo 2 analyzes the calcium response in the Fourier-domain, allowing the number of user-defined filtering parameters to be reduced to one and a greater diversity of calcium responses to be recognized, compared to CalQuo that directly interprets the calcium intensity signal. CalQuo 2 differentiates cells that release a single calcium response and those that release oscillatory calcium fluxes. We have demonstrated the use of CalQuo 2 by measuring the calcium response in genetically modified Jurkat T-cells under varying ligand conditions, in which we show that peptide:MHCs and anti-CD3 antibodies trigger a fraction of T cells to release oscillatory calcium fluxes that increase with increasing koff rates. These results show that CalQuo 2 is a robust and user-friendly tool for characterizing global, single cell calcium responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lee
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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32
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Stathopulos PB, Ikura M. Store operated calcium entry: From concept to structural mechanisms. Cell Calcium 2017; 63:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Berna-Erro A, Jardin I, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Role of STIM2 in cell function and physiopathology. J Physiol 2017; 595:3111-3128. [PMID: 28087881 DOI: 10.1113/jp273889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that regulates cytosolic and ER free-Ca2+ concentration by induction of store-operated calcium entry: that is the original definition of STIM2 and its function. While its activity strongly depends on the amount of calcium stored in the ER, its function goes further, to intracellular signalling and gene expression. Initially under-studied owing to the prominent function of STIM1, STIM2 came to be regarded as vital in mice, gradually emerging as an important player in the nervous system, and cooperating with STIM1 in the immune system. STIM2 has also been proposed as a relevant player in pathological conditions related to ageing, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. The discovery of additional functions, together with new splicing forms with opposite roles, has clarified existing controversies about STIM2 function in SOCE. With STIM2 being essential for life, but apparently not for development, newly available data demonstrate a complex and still intriguing behaviour that this review summarizes, updating current knowledge of STIM2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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34
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Fahrner M, Schindl R, Muik M, Derler I, Romanin C. The STIM-Orai Pathway: The Interactions Between STIM and Orai. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:59-81. [PMID: 28900909 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A primary Ca2+ entry pathway in non-excitable cells is established by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Their two limiting molecular components include the Ca2+-sensor protein STIM1 located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Orai channel in the plasma membrane. STIM1 senses the luminal Ca2+ content, and store depletion induces its oligomerization into puncta-like structures, thereby triggering coupling to as well as activation of Orai channels. A C-terminal STIM1 domain is assumed to couple to both C- and N-terminal, cytosolic strands of Orai, accomplishing gating of the channel. Here we highlight the inter- and intramolecular steps of the STIM1-Orai signaling cascade together with critical sites of the pore structure that accomplishes Ca2+ permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Muik
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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35
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Organelle Communication at Membrane Contact Sites (MCS): From Curiosity to Center Stage in Cell Biology and Biomedical Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Gudlur A, Hogan PG. The STIM-Orai Pathway: Orai, the Pore-Forming Subunit of the CRAC Channel. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:39-57. [PMID: 28900908 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the Orai proteins, Orai1-Orai3, with special emphasis on Orai1, in humans and other mammals, and on the definitive evidence that Orai is the pore subunit of the CRAC channel. It begins by reviewing briefly the defining characteristics of the CRAC channel, then discusses the studies that implicated Orai as part of the store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway and as the CRAC channel pore subunit, and finally examines ongoing work that is providing insights into CRAC channel structure and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Gudlur
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick G Hogan
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Structural perturbations induced by Asn131 and Asn171 glycosylation converge within the EFSAM core and enhance stromal interaction molecule-1 mediated store operated calcium entry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:1054-1063. [PMID: 27865927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A major intracellular calcium (Ca2+) uptake pathway in both excitable and non-excitable eukaryotic cells is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is the process by which endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stored Ca2+ depletion leads to activation of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels to provide a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels that mediate a plethora of physiological processes ranging from the immune response to platelet aggregation. Stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) is the principal regulator of SOCE and responds to changes in ER stored Ca2+ through luminal sensing machinery composed of EF-hand and SAM domains (EFSAM). The EFSAM domain can undergo N-glycosylation at Asn131 and Asn171 sites; however, the precise role of EFSAM N-glycosylation in the Ca2+ sensing mechanism of STIM1 is unclear. By establishing a site-specific chemical approach to covalently linking glucose to EFSAM and examining α-helicity, thermal stability, three dimensional atomic-resolution structure, Ca2+ binding affinity and oligomerization, we show that N-glycosylation of the EFSAM domain enhances the properties that promote STIM1 activation. This augmentation occurs through changes in structure localized near the Asn131 and Asn171 sites that together permeate through the protein core and lead to decreased Ca2+ binding affinity, reduced stability and enhanced oligomerization. Congruently, Ca2+ influx via SOCE in HEK293 cells co-expressing Orai1 and STIM1 was diminished when N-glycosylation was blocked by introducing Asn131Gln and Asn171Gln mutations. Collectively, our data suggests that N-glycosylation enhances the EFSAM destabilization-coupled oligomerization in response to ER Ca2+ depletion thereby augmenting the role of STIM1 as a robust ON/OFF regulator of SOCE. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Mullins FM, Yen M, Lewis RS. Orai1 pore residues control CRAC channel inactivation independently of calmodulin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:137-52. [PMID: 26809793 PMCID: PMC4727942 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have reevaluated the role of calmodulin and previously identified calmodulin binding sites in the mechanism by which Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ channels can be inactivated as Ca2+ ions enter cells. Ca2+ entry through CRAC channels causes fast Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI). Previous mutagenesis studies have implicated Orai1 residues W76 and Y80 in CDI through their role in binding calmodulin (CaM), in agreement with the crystal structure of Ca2+–CaM bound to an Orai1 N-terminal peptide. However, a subsequent Drosophila melanogaster Orai crystal structure raises concerns about this model, as the side chains of W76 and Y80 are predicted to face the pore lumen and create a steric clash between bound CaM and other Orai1 pore helices. We further tested the functional role of CaM using several dominant-negative CaM mutants, none of which affected CDI. Given this evidence against a role for pretethered CaM, we altered side-chain volume and charge at the Y80 and W76 positions to better understand their roles in CDI. Small side chain volume had different effects at the two positions: it accelerated CDI at position Y80 but reduced the extent of CDI at position W76. Positive charges at Y80 and W76 permitted partial CDI with accelerated kinetics, whereas introducing negative charge at any of five consecutive pore-lining residues (W76, Y80, R83, K87, or R91) completely eliminated CDI. Noise analysis of Orai1 Y80E and Y80K currents indicated that reductions in CDI for these mutations could not be accounted for by changes in unitary current or open probability. The sensitivity of CDI to negative charge introduced into the pore suggested a possible role for anion binding in the pore. However, although Cl− modulated the kinetics and extent of CDI, we found no evidence that CDI requires any single diffusible cytosolic anion. Together, our results argue against a CDI mechanism involving CaM binding to W76 and Y80, and instead support a model in which Orai1 residues Y80 and W76 enable conformational changes within the pore, leading to CRAC channel inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin M Mullins
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michelle Yen
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Mullins FM, Lewis RS. The inactivation domain of STIM1 is functionally coupled with the Orai1 pore to enable Ca2+-dependent inactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:153-64. [PMID: 26809794 PMCID: PMC4727943 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation domain of STIM1 (ID(STIM): amino acids 470-491) has been described as necessary for Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation (CDI) of Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Here we identify acidic residues within IDSTIM that control the extent of CDI and examine functional interactions of ID(STIM) with Orai1 pore residues W76 and Y80. Alanine scanning revealed three IDSTIM residues (D476/D478/D479) that are critical for generating full CDI. Disabling ID(STIM) by a triple alanine substitution for these three residues ("STIM1 3A") or by truncation of the entire domain (STIM1(1-469)) reduced CDI to the same residual level observed for the Orai1 pore mutant W76A (approximately one third of the extent seen with full-length STIM1). Results of noise analysis showed that STIM11-469 and Orai1 W76A mutants do not reduce channel open probability or unitary Ca(2+) conductance, factors that determine local Ca(2+) accumulation, suggesting that they diminish CDI instead by inhibiting the CDI gating mechanism. We tested for functional coupling between ID(STIM) and the Orai1 pore by double-mutant cycle analysis. The effects on CDI of mutations disabling ID(STIM) or W76 were not additive, demonstrating that ID(STIM) and W76 are strongly coupled and act in concert to generate full-strength CDI. Interestingly, disabling ID(STIM) and W76 separately gave opposite results in Orai1 Y80A channels: channels with W76 but lacking ID(STIM) generated approximately two thirds of the WT extent of CDI but those with ID(STIM) but lacking W76 completely failed to inactivate. Together, our results suggest that Y80 alone is sufficient to generate residual CDI, but acts as a barrier to full CDI. Although ID(STIM) is not required as a Ca(2+) sensor for CDI, it acts in concert with W76 to progress beyond the residual inactivated state and enable CRAC channels to reach the full extent of inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin M Mullins
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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40
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Hartzell CA, Jankowska KI, Burkhardt JK, Lewis RS. Calcium influx through CRAC channels controls actin organization and dynamics at the immune synapse. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27440222 PMCID: PMC4956410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) engagement opens Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels and triggers formation of an immune synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. At the synapse, actin reorganizes into a concentric lamellipod and lamella with retrograde actin flow that helps regulate the intensity and duration of TCR signaling. We find that Ca2+ influx is required to drive actin organization and dynamics at the synapse. Calcium acts by promoting actin depolymerization and localizing actin polymerization and the actin nucleation promotion factor WAVE2 to the periphery of the lamellipod while suppressing polymerization elsewhere. Ca2+-dependent retrograde actin flow corrals ER tubule extensions and STIM1/Orai1 complexes to the synapse center, creating a self-organizing process for CRAC channel localization. Our results demonstrate a new role for Ca2+ as a critical regulator of actin organization and dynamics at the synapse, and reveal potential feedback loops through which Ca2+ influx may modulate TCR signaling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14850.001 An effective immune response requires the immune system to rapidly recognize and respond to foreign invaders. Immune cells known as T cells recognize infection through a protein on their surface known as the T cell receptor. The T cell receptor binds to foreign proteins displayed on the surface of other cells. This interaction initiates a chain of events, including the opening of calcium channels embedded in the T cell membrane known as CRAC channels, which allows calcium ions to flow into the cell. These events ultimately lead to the activation of the T cell, enabling it to mount an immune response against the foreign invader. As part of the activation process, the T cell spreads over the surface of the cell that is displaying foreign proteins to form an extensive interface known as an immune synapse. The movement of the T cell's internal skeleton (the cytoskeleton) is crucial for the formation and function of the synapse. Actin filaments, a key component of the cytoskeleton, flow from the edge of the synapse toward the center; these rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton help to transport clusters of T cell receptors to the center of the synapse and enable the T cell receptors to transmit signals that lead to the T cell being activated. It is not entirely clear how the binding of T cell receptors to foreign proteins drives the actin rearrangements, but there is indirect evidence suggesting that calcium ions may be involved. Hartzell et al. have now investigated the interactions between calcium and the actin cytoskeleton at the immune synapse in human T cells. T cells were placed on glass so that they formed immune synapse-like connections with the surface, and actin movements at the synapse were visualized using a specialized type of fluorescence microscopy. When calcium ions were prevented from entering the T cell, the movement of actin stopped almost entirely. Thus, the flow of calcium ions into the T cell through CRAC channels is essential for driving the actin movements that underlie immune synapse development and T cell activation. In further experiments, Hartzell et al. tracked the movements of CRAC channels and actin at the synapse and found that actin filaments create a constricting “corral” that concentrates CRAC channels in the center of the synapse. Thus, by driving cytoskeleton movement, calcium ions also help to organize calcium channels at the immune synapse. Future work will focus on identifying the actin remodeling proteins that enable calcium ions to control this process. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14850.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hartzell
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Katarzyna I Jankowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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Xu X, Ali S, Li Y, Yu H, Zhang M, Lu J, Xu T. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate Potentiates CRAC Current by Directly Dilating the Pore of Open Orai1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29304. [PMID: 27373367 PMCID: PMC4931693 DOI: 10.1038/srep29304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) elicits potentiation current (Ip) on Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. An accurate investigation into this modulation mechanism would reveal how STIM1-dependent channel gating is enhanced, and benefit the future immune enhancer development. Here, we directly probed the pore diameter of CRAC channels and found that 2-APB enlarged the pore size of STIM1-activated Orai1 from 3.8 to 4.6 Å. We demonstrated that ions with small sizes, i.e., Ca2+ and Na+, mediated prominent 2-APB-induced Ip on the wildtype (WT) Orai1 channels of narrow pore sizes, while conducted decreased or no Ip on Orai1-V102C/A/G mutant channels with enlarged pore diameters. On the contrary, large Cs+ ions blocked the WT channels, while displayed large 2-APB induced Ip on pore-enlarged Orai1-V102C/A/G mutant channels, and the potentiation ratio was highest on Orai1-V102C with an intermediate pore size. Furthermore, we showed that 2-APB potentiated Cs+ current on constitutively active Orai1-V102C/A/G mutants independent of STIM1. Our data suggest that 2-APB directly dilates the pore of open Orai1 channels, both ion size and pore diameter jointly determine the amplitude of Ip on CRAC channels, and the generation of Ip requires the open state of Orai1, not STIM1 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sher Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingze Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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42
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Toth AB, Shum AK, Prakriya M. Regulation of neurogenesis by calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:124-34. [PMID: 27020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells. Ca(2+) signaling pathways are shaped by interactions among metabotropic signaling cascades, intracellular Ca(2+) stores, ion channels, and a multitude of downstream effector proteins that activate specific genetic programs. The temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca(2+) signals are widely presumed to control the highly diverse yet specific genetic programs that establish the complex structures of the adult nervous system. Progress in the last two decades has led to significant advances in our understanding of the functional architecture of Ca(2+) signaling networks involved in neurogenesis. In this review, we assess the literature on the molecular and functional organization of Ca(2+) signaling networks in the developing nervous system and its impact on neural induction, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on the growing evidence for the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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43
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Frischauf I, Fahrner M, Jardín I, Romanin C. The STIM1: Orai Interaction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:25-46. [PMID: 27161223 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) influx via store-operated Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels represents a main signalling pathway for a variety of cell functions, including T-cell activation as well as mast-cell degranulation. Depletion of [Ca(2+)]ER results in activation of Ca(2+) channels within the plasmamembrane that mediate sustained Ca(2+) influx which is required for refilling Ca(2+) stores and down-stream Ca(2+) signalling. The CRAC channel is the best characterized store-operated channel (SOC) with well-defined electrophysiological properties. In recent years, the molecular components of the CRAC channel have been defined. The ER - located Ca(2+)-sensor, STIM1 and the Ca(2+)-selective ion pore, Orai1 in the membrane are sufficient to fully reconstitute CRAC currents. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 is localized in the ER, senses [Ca(2+)]ER and activates the CRAC channel upon store depletion by direct binding to Orai1 in the plasmamembrane. The identification of STIM1 and Orai1 and recently the structural resolution of both proteins by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance substantiated many findings from structure-function studies which has substantially improved the understanding of CRAC channel activation. Within this review, we summarize the functional and structural mechanisms of CRAC channel regulation, present a detailed overview of the STIM1/Orai1 signalling pathway where we focus on the critical domains mediating interactions and on the ion permeation pathway. We portray a mechanistic view of the steps in the dynamics of CRAC channel signalling ranging from STIM1 oligomerization over STIM1-Orai1 coupling to CRAC channel activation and permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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44
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Abstract
Store Operated Ca(2+) Entry (SOCE), the main Ca(2+) influx mechanism in non-excitable cells, is implicated in the immune response and has been reported to be affected in several pathologies including cancer. The basic molecular constituents of SOCE are Orai, the pore forming unit, and STIM, a multidomain protein with at least two principal functions: one is to sense the Ca(2+) content inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and the second is to activate Orai channels upon depletion of the ER. The link between Ca(2+) depletion inside the ER and Ca(2+) influx from extracellular media is through a direct association of STIM and Orai, but for this to occur, both molecules have to interact and form clusters where ER and plasma membrane (PM) are intimately apposed. In recent years a great number of components have been identified as participants in SOCE regulation, including regions of plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, the so called lipid rafts, which recruit a complex platform of specialized microdomains, which cells use to regulate spatiotemporal Ca(2+) signals.
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45
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Palty R, Isacoff EY. Cooperative Binding of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) to the N and C Termini of Calcium Release-activated Calcium Modulator 1 (Orai1). J Biol Chem 2015; 291:334-41. [PMID: 26546674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium flux through store-operated calcium entry is a central regulator of intracellular calcium signaling. The two key components of the store-operated calcium release-activated calcium channel are the Ca(2+)-sensing protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the channel pore-forming protein Orai1. During store-operated calcium entry activation, calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a series of conformational changes in STIM1 that unmask a minimal Orai1-activating domain (CRAC activation region (CAD)). To gate Orai1 channels, the exposed STIM1-activating domain binds to two sites in Orai1, one in the N terminus and one in the C terminus. Whether the two sites operate as distinct binding domains or cooperate in CAD binding is unknown. In this study, we show that the N and C-terminal domains of Orai1 synergistically contribute to the interaction with STIM1 and couple STIM1 binding with channel gating and modulation of ion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Palty
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and
| | - Ehud Y Isacoff
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and the Physical Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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46
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Guido D, Demaurex N, Nunes P. Junctate boosts phagocytosis by recruiting endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores near phagosomes. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4074-82. [PMID: 26446257 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Local intracellular Ca(2+) elevations increase the efficiency of phagocytosis, a process that is essential for innate and adaptive immunity. These local Ca(2+) elevations are generated in part by the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) sensor STIM1, which recruits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae to phagosomes and opens phagosomal Ca(2+) channels at ER-phagosome junctions. However, residual ER-phagosome contacts and periphagosomal Ca(2+) hotspots remain in Stim1(-/-) cells. Here, we tested whether junctate (also called ASPH isoform 8), a molecule that targets STIM1 to ER-plasma-membrane contacts upon Ca(2+)-store depletion, cooperates with STIM1 at phagosome junctions. Junctate expression in Stim1(-/-) and Stim1(-/-); Stim2(-/-) phagocytic fibroblasts increased phagocytosis and periphagosomal Ca(2+) elevations, yet with only a minimal impact on global SOCE. These Ca(2+) hotspots were only marginally reduced by the SOCE channel blocker lanthanum chloride (La(3+)) but were abrogated by inositol trisphosphate receptor inhibitors 2-APB and xestospongin-C, revealing that unlike STIM1-mediated hotspots, junctate-mediated Ca(2+) originates predominantly from periphagosomal Ca(2+) stores. Accordingly, junctate accumulates near phagosomes and elongates ER-phagosome junctions in Stim1(-/-) cells. Thus, junctate mediates an alternative mechanism for generating localized Ca(2+) elevations within cells, promoting Ca(2+) release from internal stores recruited to phagosomes, thereby boosting phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guido
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Paula Nunes
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
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47
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Ong HL, Ambudkar IS. Molecular determinants of TRPC1 regulation within ER–PM junctions. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:376-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene expression, motility, and secretion to tissue and organ development and the immune response. SOCs are activated by the depletion of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggered physiologically through stimulation of a diverse set of surface receptors. Over 15 years after the first characterization of SOCs through electrophysiology, the identification of the STIM proteins as ER Ca(2+) sensors and the Orai proteins as store-operated channels has enabled rapid progress in understanding the unique mechanism of store-operate calcium entry (SOCE). Depletion of Ca(2+) from the ER causes STIM to accumulate at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it traps and activates Orai channels diffusing in the closely apposed PM. Mutagenesis studies combined with recent structural insights about STIM and Orai proteins are now beginning to reveal the molecular underpinnings of these choreographic events. This review describes the major experimental advances underlying our current understanding of how ER Ca(2+) depletion is coupled to the activation of SOCs. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms of STIM and Orai activation, Orai channel properties, modulation of STIM and Orai function, pharmacological inhibitors of SOCE, and the functions of STIM and Orai in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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49
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Huang YW, Chang SJ, Harn HIC, Huang HT, Lin HH, Shen MR, Tang MJ, Chiu WT. Mechanosensitive store-operated calcium entry regulates the formation of cell polarity. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2086-97. [PMID: 25639747 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) -mediated formation of cell polarity is essential for directional migration which plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in organisms. To examine the critical role of store-operated Ca(2+) entry, which is the major form of extracellular Ca(2+) influx in non-excitable cells, in the formation of cell polarity, we employed human bone osteosarcoma U2OS cells, which exhibit distinct morphological polarity during directional migration. Our analyses showed that Ca(2+) was concentrated at the rear end of cells and that extracellular Ca(2+) influx was important for cell polarization. Inhibition of store-operated Ca(2+) entry using specific inhibitors disrupted the formation of cell polarity in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the channelosomal components caveolin-1, TRPC1, and Orai1 were concentrated at the rear end of polarized cells. Knockdown of TRPC1 or a TRPC inhibitor, but not knockdown of Orai1, reduced cell polarization. Furthermore, disruption of lipid rafts or overexpression of caveolin-1 contributed to the downregulation of cell polarity. On the other hand, we also found that cell polarity, store-operated Ca(2+) entry activity, and cell stiffness were markedly decreased by low substrate rigidity, which may be caused by the disorganization of actin filaments and microtubules that occurs while regulating the activity of the mechanosensitive TRPC1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hans I-Chen Harn
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hui Lin
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Store-operated calcium entry: Mechanisms and modulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:40-9. [PMID: 25998732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry is a central mechanism in cellular calcium signalling and in maintaining cellular calcium balance. This review traces the history of research on store-operated calcium entry, the discovery of STIM and ORAI as central players in calcium entry, and the role of STIM and ORAI in biology and human disease. It describes current knowledge of the basic mechanism of STIM-ORAI signalling and of the varied mechanisms by which STIM-ORAI signalling can be modulated.
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