1
|
Zhao K, Wu C, Li X, Niu M, Wu D, Cui X, Zhao H. From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401528. [PMID: 38881902 PMCID: PMC11176514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, CD24 has been studied extensively in the context of cancer, where it has been found to play a role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CD24 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CD24, including its structure, function, and its role in cancer. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of CD24 and discuss possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Niu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen W, Hu Z, Guo Z. Targeting CD24 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3159. [PMID: 38137380 PMCID: PMC10740697 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a hot area in cancer treatment, and one of the keys to this therapy is the identification of the right tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen. Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is an emerging tumour-associated antigen that is commonly and highly expressed in various tumours. In addition, CD24 is associated with several cancer-related signalling pathways and closely interacts with other molecules and immune cells to influence tumour progression. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and CAR-NK cell therapy are currently available for the treatment of CD24. In this review, we summarise the existing therapeutic approaches and possible future directions targeting CD24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu Y, Zhou G, Tang X, Shen F, Ding J, Hua K. The biological roles of CD24 in ovarian cancer: old story, but new tales. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183285. [PMID: 37359556 PMCID: PMC10288981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linked molecular which expressed in diverse malignant tumor cells, particular in ovarian carcinoma cells and ovarian carcinoma stem cells. The CD24 expression is associated with increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis of malignancies. CD24 on the surface of tumor cells could interact with Siglec-10 on the surface of immune cells, to mediate the immune escape of tumor cells. Nowadays, CD24 has been identified as a promising focus for targeting therapy of ovarian cancer. However, the roles of CD24 in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune escape are still not clearly demonstrated systematically. In this review, we i) summarized the existing studies on CD24 in diverse cancers including ovarian cancer, ii) illustrated the role of CD24-siglec10 signaling pathway in immune escape, iii) reviewed the existing immunotherapeutic strategies (targeting the CD24 to restore the phagocytic effect of Siglec-10 expressing immune cells) based on the above mechanisms and evaluated the priorities in the future research. These results might provide support for guiding the CD24 immunotherapy as the intervention upon solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guannan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxin Ding
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heinl ES, Lorenz S, Schmidt B, Nasser M Laqtom N, Mazzulli JR, Francelle L, Yu TW, Greenberg B, Storch S, Tegtmeier I, Othmen H, Maurer K, Steinfurth M, Witzgall R, Milenkovic V, Wetzel CH, Reichold M. CLN7/MFSD8 may be an important factor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. iScience 2022; 25:105082. [PMID: 36093380 PMCID: PMC9444308 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has triggered a worldwide pandemic. According to the BioGrid database, CLN7 (MFSD8) is thought to interact with several viral proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate a possible involvement of CLN7 in the infection process. Experiments on a CLN7-deficient HEK293T cell line exhibited a 90% reduced viral load compared to wild-type cells. This observation may be linked to the finding that CLN7 ko cells have a significantly reduced GM1 content in their cell membrane. GM1 is found highly enriched in lipid rafts, which are thought to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, overexpression of CLN7 led to an increase in viral load. This study provides evidence that CLN7 is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This makes it a potential pharmacological target for drug development against COVID-19. Furthermore, it provides insights into the physiological function of CLN7 where still only little is known about.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sofia Heinl
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nouf Nasser M Laqtom
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph R. Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy W. Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Storch
- Children’s Hospital Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Tegtmeier
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helga Othmen
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Maurer
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Malin Steinfurth
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsioulos G, Grigoropoulos I, Moschopoulos CD, Shapira S, Poulakou G, Antoniadou A, Boumpas D, Arber N, Tsiodras S. Insights into CD24 and Exosome Physiology and Potential Role in View of Recent Advances in COVID-19 Therapeutics: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1472. [PMID: 36294907 PMCID: PMC9604962 DOI: 10.3390/life12101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 24, a long-known protein with multifaceted functions, has gained attention as a possible treatment for Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) due to its known anti-inflammatory action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, may serve as candidate drug delivery platforms for novel therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 and various other diseases due to their unique characteristics. In the current review, we describe the physiology of CD24 and EVs and try to elucidate their role, both independently and as a combination, in COVID-19 therapeutics. CD24 may act as an important immune regulator in diseases with complex physiologies characterized by excessive inflammation. Very recent data outline a possible therapeutic role not only in COVID-19 but also in other similar disease states, e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis where immune dysregulation plays a key pathophysiologic role. On the other hand, CD24, as well as other therapeutic molecules, can be administered with the use of exosomes, exploiting their unique characteristics to create a novel drug delivery platform as outlined in recent clinical efforts. The implications for human therapeutics in general are huge with regard to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy that will be further elucidated in future randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsioulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grigoropoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos D. Moschopoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Shiran Shapira
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Antoniadou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Boumpas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Nadir Arber
- Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University General Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
CD24 Expression Dampens the Basal Antiviral State in Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Enhances Permissivity to Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081735. [PMID: 36016357 PMCID: PMC9416398 DOI: 10.3390/v14081735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits distinct selectivity for infection of various cells and tissues, but how host cellular factors modulate varying permissivity remains largely unknown. Previous studies showed that the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-AS (expressing low levels of cellular protein CD24) was highly restricted for ZIKV infection, and that this restriction was relieved by ectopic expression of CD24. We tested the hypothesis that CD24 expression allowed ZIKV replication by suppression of the antiviral response. SK-N-AS cells expressing an empty vector (termed CD24-low cells) showed elevated basal levels of phosphorylated STAT1, IRF-1, IKKE, and NFκB. In response to exogenously added type I interferon (IFN-I), CD24-low cells had higher-level induction of antiviral genes and activity against two IFN-I-sensitive viruses (VSV and PIV5-P/V) compared to SK-N-AS cells with ectopic CD24 expression (termed CD24-high cells). Media-transfer experiments showed that the inherent antiviral state of CD24-low cells was not dependent on a secreted factor such as IFN-I. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that CD24 expression decreased expression of genes involved in intracellular antiviral pathways, including IFN-I, NFκB, and Ras. Our findings that CD24 expression in neuroblastoma cells represses intracellular antiviral pathways support the proposal that CD24 may represent a novel biomarker in cancer cells for susceptibility to oncolytic viruses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Panagiotou E, Syrigos NK, Charpidou A, Kotteas E, Vathiotis IA. CD24: A Novel Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081235. [PMID: 36013184 PMCID: PMC9409925 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is a small, highly glycosylated cell adhesion protein that is normally expressed by immune as well as epithelial, neural, and muscle cells. Tumor CD24 expression has been linked with alterations in several oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition, the CD24/Siglec-10 interaction has been implicated in tumor immune evasion, inhibiting macrophage-mediated phagocytosis as well as natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. CD24 blockade has shown promising results in preclinical studies. Although there are limited data on efficacy, monoclonal antibodies against CD24 have demonstrated clinical safety and tolerability in two clinical trials. Other treatment modalities evaluated in the preclinical setting include antibody–drug conjugates and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. In this review, we summarize current evidence and future perspectives on CD24 as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Geng R, Harland N, Montes-Mojarro IA, Fend F, Aicher WK, Stenzl A, Amend B. CD24: A Marker for an Extended Expansion Potential of Urothelial Cancer Cell Organoids In Vitro? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5453. [PMID: 35628262 PMCID: PMC9141653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most cost-intensive cancer due to high recurrence rates and long follow-up times. Bladder cancer organoids were considered interesting tools for investigating better methods for the detection and treatment of this cancer. METHODS Organoids were generated from urothelial carcinoma tissue samples, then expanded and characterized; the expression of immune modulatory antigens and tumor stem cells markers CD24 and CD44 was explored in early (P ≤ 3) and later (P ≥ 5) passages (P) by immunofluorescence and by quantitative PCR of cDNA. The expression of these factors was investigated in the corresponding cancer tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of the PD-L1 was detected on some but not all organoids. CD276 and CD47 were observed on organoids in all passages investigated. Organoids growing beyond passage 8 expressed both CD24 and CD44 at elevated levels in early and late cultures. Organoids proliferating to the eighth passage initially expressed both CD24 and CD44, but lost CD24 expression over time, while CD44 remained. Organoids growing only up to the 6th passage failed to express CD24 but expressed CD44. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that the expression of CD24 in urothelial cancer cell organoids may serve as an indicator for the prolonged proliferation potential of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Geng
- Center for Medical Research, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (R.G.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Niklas Harland
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivonne A. Montes-Mojarro
- Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (I.A.M.-M.); (F.F.)
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; (I.A.M.-M.); (F.F.)
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center for Medical Research, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 72072 Tuebingen, Germany; (R.G.); (W.K.A.)
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
APP deficiency and HTRA2 modulates PrPc proteostasis in human cancer cells. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100035. [PMID: 37082595 PMCID: PMC10074928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) requires an accurate balance between protein biosynthesis, folding, and degradation, and its instability is causally related to human diseases and cancers. Here, we created numerous engineered cancer cell lines targeting APP (amyloid ß precursor protein) and/or PRNP (cellular prion) genes and we showed that APP knocking-down impaired PRNP mRNA level and vice versa, suggesting a link between their gene regulation. PRNPKD, APPKD and PRNPKD/APPKD HeLa cells encountered major difficulties to grow in a 3D tissue-like environment. Unexpectedly, we found a cytoplasmic accumulation of the PrPc protein without PRNP gene up regulation, in both APPKD and APPKO HeLa cells. Interestingly, APP and/or PRNP gene ablation enhanced the chaperone/serine protease HTRA2 gene expression, which is a protein processing quality factor involved in Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, HTRA2 gene silencing decreased PRNP mRNA level and lowered PrPc protein amounts, and conversely, HTRA2 overexpression increased PRNP gene regulation and enhanced membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic PrPc fractions. PrPc, APP and HTRA2 destabilized membrane-associated CD24 protein, suggesting changes in the lipid raft structure. Our data show for the first time that APP and the dual chaperone/serine protease HTRA2 protein could modulate PrPc proteostasis hampering cancer cell behavior.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sagiv E, Portman MA. CD24 for Cardiovascular Researchers: A Key Molecule in Cardiac Immunology, Marker of Stem Cells and Target for Drug Development. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040260. [PMID: 33915986 PMCID: PMC8066264 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the membrane protein, CD24, and its emerging role in major disease processes, has made a huge leap forward in the past two decades. It appears to have various key roles in oncogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis, stem cell maintenance and immune modulation. First described in the 1980s as the homologous human protein to the mouse HSA (Heat Stable Antigen), it was reported as a surface marker in developing hematopoietic cell lines. The later discovery of its overexpression in a large number of human neoplasms, lead cancer researchers to discover its various active roles in critical checkpoints during cancer development and progression. Targeting CD24 in directed drug development showed promising results in cancer treatment. More recently, the chimeric CD24-Fc protein has shown exciting results in clinical trials as a specific modulator of auto-inflammatory syndromes. This report is aimed to summarize the relevant literature on CD24 and tie it together with recent advancements in cardiovascular research. We hypothesize that CD24 is a promising focus of research in the understanding of cardiovascular disease processes and the development of novel biological therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Sagiv
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-987-6916; Fax: +1-206-987-3839
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Doheny D, Manore SG, Wong GL, Lo HW. Hedgehog Signaling and Truncated GLI1 in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092114. [PMID: 32957513 PMCID: PMC7565963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and supports aggressive phenotypes of human cancers, such as neoplastic transformation, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Canonical activation of HH signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Consequently, the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) zinc-finger transcription factors, the terminal effectors of the HH pathway, are released from suppressor of fused (SUFU)-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration, permitting nuclear translocation and activation of target genes. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been implicated in several cancer types, including medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and cancers of lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, ovarian, and breast. Therefore, several components of the HH pathway are under investigation for targeted cancer therapy, particularly GLI1 and SMO. GLI1 transcripts are reported to undergo alternative splicing to produce truncated variants: loss-of-function GLI1ΔN and gain-of-function truncated GLI1 (tGLI1). This review covers the biochemical steps necessary for propagation of the HH activating signal and the involvement of aberrant HH signaling in human cancers, with a highlight on the tumor-specific gain-of-function tGLI1 isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-0695
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Altevogt P, Sammar M, Hüser L, Kristiansen G. Novel insights into the function of CD24: A driving force in cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:546-559. [PMID: 32790899 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD24 is a highly glycosylated protein with a small protein core that is linked to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. CD24 is primarily expressed by immune cells but is often overexpressed in human tumors. In cancer, CD24 is a regulator of cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Its expression is associated with poor prognosis and it is used as cancer stemness marker. Recently, CD24 on tumor cells was identified as a phagocytic inhibitor ("do not eat me" signal) having a suppressive role in tumor immunity via binding to Siglec-10 on macrophages. This finding is reminiscent of the demonstration that soluble CD24-Fc can dampen the immune system in autoimmune disease. In the present review, we summarize recent progress on the role of the CD24-Siglec-10 binding axis at the interface between tumor cells and the immune system, and the role of CD24 genetic polymorphisms in cancer. We describe the specific function of cytoplasmic CD24 and discuss the presence of CD24 on tumor-released extracellular vesicles. Finally, we evaluate the potential of CD24-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marei Sammar
- ORT Braude College for Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Laura Hüser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yin SS, Gao FH. Molecular Mechanism of Tumor Cell Immune Escape Mediated by CD24/Siglec-10. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1324. [PMID: 32765491 PMCID: PMC7379889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune escape is an important part of tumorigenesis and development. Tumor cells can develop a variety of immunosuppressive mechanisms to combat tumor immunity. Exploring tumor cells that escape immune surveillance through the molecular mechanism of related immunosuppression in-depth is helpful to develop the treatment strategies of targeted tumor immune escape. The latest studies show that CD24 on the surface of tumor cells interacts with Siglec-10 on the surface of immune cells to promote the immune escape of tumor cells. It is necessary to comment on the molecular mechanism of inhibiting the activation of immune cells through the interaction between CD24 on tumor cells and Siglec-10 on immune cells, and a treatment strategy of tumors through targeting CD24 on the surface of tumor cells or Siglec-10 on immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun J, Feng D, Xi H, Luo J, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Shao Q. CD24 blunts the sensitivity of retinoblastoma to vincristine by modulating autophagy. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1740-1759. [PMID: 32394616 PMCID: PMC7400807 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood malignant intraocular tumor. The clinical efficacy of vincristine (VCR) in the treatment of RB is severely limited by drug resistance. Here, we found that CD24, a GPI-anchored protein, was overexpressed in human RB tissues and RB cell lines, and was associated with the sensitivity of RB cells in response to VCR therapy. We demonstrated that CD24 plays a critical role in impairing RB sensitivity to VCR via regulating autophagy. Mechanistically, CD24 recruits PTEN to the lipid raft domain and regulates the PTEN/AKT/mTORC1 pathway to activate autophagy. Lipid raft localization was essential for CD24 recruitment function. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel role of CD24 in regulating RB sensitivity to VCR and showed that CD24 is a potential target for improving chemotherapeutic sensitivity and RB patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongju Feng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Eye Research Institute, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Luo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alvarado-Ortiz E, Sarabia-Sánchez MÁ, García-Carrancá A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Functions of Cellular Markers Associated with the Phenotype of Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:405-420. [PMID: 30147013 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180821154752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) generally constitute a minor cellular population within tumors that exhibits some capacities of normal Stem Cells (SC). The existence of CSC, able to self-renew and differentiate, influences central aspects of tumor biology, in part because they can continue tumor growth, give rise to metastasis, and acquire drug and radioresistance, which open new avenues for therapeutics. It is well known that SC constantly interacts with their niche, which includes mesenchymal cells, extracellular ligands, and the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM). These interactions regularly lead to homeostasis and maintenance of SC characteristics. However, the exact participation of each of these components for CSC maintenance is not clear, as they appear to be context- or cell-specific. In the recent past, surface cellular markers have been fundamental molecular tools for identifying CSC and distinguishing them from other tumor cells. Importantly, some of these cellular markers have been shown to possess functional roles that affect central aspects of CSC. Likewise, some of these markers can participate in regulating the interaction of CSC with their niche, particularly the ECM. We focused this review on the molecular mechanisms of surface cellular markers commonly employed to identify CSC, highlighting the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in CSC-ECM interactions, through each of the cellular markers commonly used in the study of CSC, such as CD44, CD133, CD49f, CD24, CXCR4, and LGR5. Their presence does not necessarily implicate them in CSC biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Á Sarabia-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, , México City, México
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratory of Virus and Cancer, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico & Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin H, He Y, Zhao P, Hu Y, Tao J, Chen J, Huang Y. Targeting lipid metabolism to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance via integrin β3/FAK pathway and tumor-associated macrophage repolarization using legumain-activatable delivery. Theranostics 2019; 9:265-278. [PMID: 30662566 PMCID: PMC6332796 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with the development of drug resistance. Lipid metabolism plays an important role in EMT. This work was to study the cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin for reversing EMT-associated resistance to chemotherapy via lipid metabolism. Methods: The combination of simvastatin and paclitaxel was used to overcome the EMT-associated drug resistance. For dual-action on both cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), the tumor microenvironment-activatable multifunctional liposomes were developed for drug codelivery. The liposomes were modified with a hairpin-structured, activatable cell-penetrating peptide that is specifically responsive to the tumor-associated protease legumain. Results: It was revealed simvastatin can disrupt lipid rafts (cholesterol-rich domains) and suppress integrin-β3 and focal adhesion formation, thus inhibiting FAK signaling pathway and re-sensitizing the drug-resistant cancer cells to paclitaxel. Furthermore, simvastatin was able to re-polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), promoting M2-to-M1 phenotype switch via cholesterol-associated LXR/ABCA1 regulation. The repolarization increased TNF-α, but attenuated TGF-β, which, in turn, remodeled the tumor microenvironment and suppressed EMT. The liposomal formulation achieved enhanced treatment efficacy. Conclusion: This study provides a promising simvastatin-based nanomedicine strategy targeting cholesterol metabolism to reverse EMT and repolarize TAM to treat drug-resistant cancer. The elucidation of the molecular pathways (cholesterol/lipid raft/integrin β3/FAK and cholesterol-associated LXR/ABCA1 regulation) for anti-EMT and the new application of simvastatin should be of clinical significance.
Collapse
|
18
|
H19 long non-coding RNA contributes to sphere formation and invasion through regulation of CD24 and integrin expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34719-34734. [PMID: 30410672 PMCID: PMC6205177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA H19 is highly expressed in several cancers, and the functions of H19 vary among cancer cell types. Recently, we reported that H19 contributes to the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and that inhibition of H19 reduces metastasis in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis-promoting role of H19 in PDAC cells remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we clarified the mechanisms by which H19 regulates PDAC metastasis, with a focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs), by using H19-overexpressing and knockdown PDAC cells. Whereas the sphere-formation and invasion abilities of PDAC cells depended on H19 expression levels, other CSC characteristics of the cells, including stemness-marker expression and anticancer-drug resistance, were unaffected by H19 levels. Furthermore, metalloproteinase activity, a key mediator of invasion, was also independent of H19 expression. By contrast, H19 promoted cell adhesion through regulation of integrin and CD24 expression. Notably, the increased adhesion of H19-overexpressing cells was blocked by an anti-β1-integrin antibody, and this resulted in the inhibition of sphere formation and invasion. Thus, H19 plays critical roles in the CSC self-renewal and cell adhesion of PDAC that lead to invasion and metastasis. Our findings suggest that H19 represents a novel therapeutic target for the metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bi J, Wang R, Zeng X. Lipid rafts regulate the lamellipodia formation of melanoma A375 cells via actin cytoskeleton-mediated recruitment of β1 and β3 integrin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6540-6546. [PMID: 30405793 PMCID: PMC6202517 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts, distinct liquid-ordered plasma membrane microdomains, have been shown to regulate tumor cell migration by internalizing and recycling cell-surface proteins. The present study reports that lipid rafts are a prerequisite for lamellipodia formation, which is the first step in the processes of tumor cell migration. The results from the wound-healing assay and immunostaining indicated that lipid rafts were asymmetrically distributed to the leading edge of migrating melanoma A375 cells during lamellipodia formation. When the integrity of lipids rafts was disrupted, lamellipodia formation was inhibited. The investigation of possible molecular mechanisms indicated that lipid rafts recruited β1 and β3 integrins, two important adhesion proteins for cell migration, to the lamellipodia. However, the different distribution characteristics of β1 and β3 integrins implied disparate functions in lamellipodia formation. Further immunostaining experiments showed that the actin cytoskeleton was responsible for lipid raft-mediated β1 and β3 integrin distribution in the lamellipodia. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the regulation of lipid rafts in lamellipodia formation, and suggest that lipid rafts may be novel and attractive targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Bi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Microorganisms and Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang S, Sun C, Hou Y, Tang Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao Q, Chen MG, Guo Z, Wang D, Ju W, Zhou Q, Wu L, He X. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis on multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7630. [PMID: 29769552 PMCID: PMC5955936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is one of the leading causes of chronic damage in western countries. Approximately 25% of adults in the United States have fatty livers in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption, a condition termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Little is known about the prevalence and genetic background of NAFLD or the factors that determine its development. In this study, we used the Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Information bioinformatics platform to carry out a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), key biological processes and intersecting pathways. We imported 3 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE31803, GSE49541, and GSE63067). Then, we assessed the expression of the DEGs in clinical samples. We found that CD24 was the only gene co-expressed in all 3 datasets. "Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis", "p53 signaling pathway" and "glycine, serine and threonine metabolism" were 3 common pathways related to the fatty liver process. In NAFLD tissues, CD24, COL1A1, LUM, THBS2 and EPHA3 were upregulated, and PZP was downregulated. CD24 is a core gene among these DEGs and have not yet been studied of its impact on NAFLD. Co-expressed genes, common biological processes and intersecting pathways identified in the study might play an important role in NAFLD progression. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of these potential genes and pathways in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhou Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunhua Tang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zebin Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linhe Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mao-Gen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hui Ya Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516081, China.
| | - Linwei Wu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Xiang C, Zhou H, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Qing H, Jiang B, Xiong H, Peng L. CD24 promoted cancer cell angiogenesis via Hsp90-mediated STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55663-55676. [PMID: 27494878 PMCID: PMC5342444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD24 is involved in tumor progression of various cancers, but the effects of CD24 on tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer are still unknown. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism and role of CD24 on colorectal cancer (CRC) angiogenesis. Our data showed that the microvessal density (MVD) was related to the expression of CD24 in primary and metastasis CRC. Silencing of CD24 could dramatically decrease human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, invasion and tubule formation, but trivially affected cell proliferation. We also mechanically showed that silencing CD24 could downregulate the expression of VEGF via inhibiting the phosphorylation and translocation of STAT3. Moreover, Hsp90 was identified as the down-interaction protein of CD24 with co-immunoprecipitation assay and systematic mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence results showed Hsp90 partly co-localized with CD24 in CRC cell membrane and there was a positive correlation between CD24 and Hsp90 expression in CRC tissues. We gradually evidenced that Hsp90 modulated the stability and degradation of CD24 in a proteasome-depended manner, and transferred the signal transmission from CD24 to STAT3. 17-AAG, a specific Hsp90, could abrogate the CD24 induce- HUVEC migration, invasion and tubule formation in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggested that CD24 induced CRC angiogenesis in Hsp90-dependent manner and activated STAT3-mediated transcription of VEGF. We provided a new insight into the regulation mechanism of tumor angiogenesis by exploring the role of CD24 in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 65003, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining 272067, China.,Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haitao Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, NY, USA
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duex JE, Owens C, Chauca-Diaz A, Dancik GM, Vanderlinden LA, Ghosh D, Leivo MZ, Hansel DE, Theodorescu D. Nuclear CD24 Drives Tumor Growth and Is Predictive of Poor Patient Prognosis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4858-4867. [PMID: 28674079 PMCID: PMC5600841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated tumor expression of the cell surface GPI-linked CD24 protein signals poor patient prognosis in many tumor types. However, some cancer cells selected to be negative for surface CD24 (surCD24-) still retain aggressive phenotypes in vitro and in vivo Here, we resolve this apparent paradox with the discovery of biologically active, nuclear CD24 (nucCD24) and finding that its levels are unchanged in surCD24- cells. Using the complementary techniques of biochemical cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate a signal for CD24 in the nucleus in cells from various histologic types of cancer. Nuclear-specific expression of CD24 (NLS-CD24) increased anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo Immunohistochemistry of patient tumor samples revealed the presence of nucCD24, whose signal intensity correlated positively with the presence of metastatic disease. Analysis of gene expression between cells expressing CD24 and NLS-CD24 revealed a unique nucCD24 transcriptional signature. The median score derived from this signature was able to stratify overall survival in four patient datasets from bladder cancer and five patient datasets from colorectal cancer. Patients with high scores (more nucCD24-like) had reduced survival. These findings define a novel and functionally important intracellular location of CD24; they explain why surCD24- cells can remain aggressive, and they highlight the need to consider nucCD24 in both fundamental research and therapeutic development. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4858-67. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Duex
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles Owens
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut
| | - Lauren A Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mariah Z Leivo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ben-Shmuel S, Rashed R, Rostoker R, Isakov E, Shen-Orr Z, LeRoith D. Activating Transcription Factor-5 Knockdown Reduces Aggressiveness of Mammary Tumor Cells and Attenuates Mammary Tumor Growth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:173. [PMID: 28785242 PMCID: PMC5519529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5) is an anti-apoptotic factor and has been implicated in enhancing the survival of cancer cells under stress and in regulating the autophagy process. Targeting ATF5 in anticancer therapy may be particularly attractive because of its differential role in cancer cells than in non-transformed cells, thus allowing specificity of the treatment. Using the delivery of short hairpin RNA vectors into the Mvt1 and Met1 cell lines, we tested the role of ATF5 in the development of mammary tumors in vivo and in regulating proliferation and migration of these cells in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown of ATF5 (ATF5-KD) in both cell lines results in a decreased tumor volume and weight, as well as in a reduced proliferation rate and migratory potential of the cells. In addition, ATF5-KD led to an increased autophagy flux and a shift in the sub-populations comprising Mvt1 cells from the aggressive CD24-positive cells toward less aggressive CD24-negative cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ATF5 plays an important role in enhancing mammary tumor cells overall aggressiveness and in promoting mammary tumor growth and emphasize the possible benefit of anti-ATF5 therapy in breast cancer patients, particularly, against tumors characterized with the positive expression of cell surface CD24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Ben-Shmuel
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rola Rashed
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Rostoker
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elina Isakov
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zila Shen-Orr
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Derek LeRoith,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ayre DC, Christian SL. CD24: A Rheostat That Modulates Cell Surface Receptor Signaling of Diverse Receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:146. [PMID: 28083532 PMCID: PMC5186806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sammar M, Siwetz M, Meiri H, Fleming V, Altevogt P, Huppertz B. Expression of CD24 and Siglec-10 in first trimester placenta: implications for immune tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:565-574. [PMID: 28012129 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the fetal-maternal interface establishes immune tolerance between the fetus and the mother. CD24, a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed at the surface of hematopoietic cells and diverse tumor cells, is known to interact with the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs). This interaction was assessed as a candidate complex for the immune suppression response in the placenta. CD24 was affinity purified from term placenta and characterized by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. Binding of recombinant Siglecs to placental CD24 was evaluated by ELISA. The expression of CD24 and Siglec-10 in first trimester placental tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Placental CD24 had an apparent molecular weight of 30-70 kDa consistent with its high degree of N- and O-linked glycosylation. EDTA-sensitive CD24-Siglec-10 interaction via the terminal sialic acid glycan residues of CD24 was observed. CD24 did not interact with Siglec-3 or Siglec-5. During the first trimester, and already in gestational week (GA) 8, CD24 showed high expression in villous and extravillous cytotrophoblasts. There was also a mild expression in stromal cells, while syncytiotrophoblasts were negative. Co-localization of CD24 with Siglec-10 was observed in endometrial glands and in first trimester decidual cells in close vicinity to extracellular trophoblasts. This study is the first to demonstrate the early presence of CD24 in the placenta cytotrophoblast layers, placental bed and maternal uterine glands. The presence of the CD24-Siglec-10 in these regions of fetal-maternal interactions suggests a possible role in mediating immune tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marei Sammar
- Prof. Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 2161002, Karmiel, Israel.
| | - Monika Siwetz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hy laboratories, Rehovot and TeleMarpe, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Viktor Fleming
- Skin Cancer Unit, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:133-144. [PMID: 27993646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's surface molecular signature enables its reciprocal interactions with the associated microenvironments in development, tissue homeostasis and pathological processes. The CD24 surface antigen (heat-stable antigen, nectadrin; small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4) represents a prime example of a neural surface molecule that has long been known, but whose diverse molecular functions in intercellular communication we have only begun to unravel. Here, we briefly summarize the molecular fundamentals of CD24 structure and provide a comprehensive review of CD24 expression and functional studies in mammalian neural developmental systems and disease models (rodent, human). Striving for an integrated view of the intracellular signaling processes involved, we discuss the most pertinent routes of CD24-mediated signaling pathways and functional networks in neurobiology (neural migration, neurite extension, neurogenesis) and pathology (tumorigenesis, multiple sclerosis).
Collapse
|
27
|
Comparison of stem cell behaviors between indigenous high and low-CD24 percentage expressing cells of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). Tissue Cell 2016; 48:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Fairbridge NA, Southall TM, Ayre DC, Komatsu Y, Raquet PI, Brown RJ, Randell E, Kovacs CS, Christian SL. Loss of CD24 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunctions and a Reduction in White Adipocyte Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141966. [PMID: 26536476 PMCID: PMC4633231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface receptor that is involved in regulating the survival or differentiation of several different cell types. CD24 has been used to identify pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Moreover, we recently found that the dynamic upregulation of CD24 in vitro during early phases of adipogenesis is necessary for mature adipocyte development. To determine the role of CD24 in adipocyte development in vivo, we evaluated the development of the inguinal and interscapular subcutaneous WAT and the epididymal visceral WAT in mice with a homozygous deletion of CD24 (CD24KO). We observed a significant decrease in WAT mass of 40% to 74% in WAT mass from both visceral and subcutaneous depots in male mice, with no significant effect in female mice, compared to wild-type (WT) sex- and age-matched controls. We also found that CD24KO mice had increased fasting glucose and free fatty acids, decreased fasting insulin, and plasma leptin. No major differences were observed in the sensitivity to insulin or glucose, or in circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol levels between WT and CD24KO mice. Challenging the CD24KO mice with either high sucrose (35%) or high fat (45%) diets that promote increased adiposity, increased WAT mass and fasting insulin, adiponectin and leptin levels, as well as reduced the sensitivity to insulin and glucose, to the levels of WT mice on the same diets. The CD24-mediated reduction in fat pad size was due to a reduction in adipocyte cell size in all depots with no significant reduction pre-adipocyte or adipocyte cell number. Thus, we have clearly demonstrated that the global absence of CD24 affects adipocyte cell size in vivo in a sex- and diet-dependent manner, as well as causing metabolic disturbances in glucose homeostasis and free fatty acid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Fairbridge
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Southall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - D. Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yumiko Komatsu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paula I. Raquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Robert J. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Edward Randell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Kovacs
- Division of Medicine-Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ono YJ, Tanabe A, Tanaka T, Tanaka Y, Hayashi M, Terai Y, Ohmichi M. Met Signaling Cascade Is Amplified by the Recruitment of Phosphorylated Met to Lipid Rafts via CD24 and Leads to Drug Resistance in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2353-63. [PMID: 26227486 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in the Western world, and the number of advanced chemotherapy-resistant cancers is increasing with the absolute increase in patients. The development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by cancer cells represents a major challenge in the clinical cure of advanced and metastatic cancers. CD24 has been reported to be a marker for a poor prognosis in several tumors, and we herein examined the functions of CD24 in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma cell lines and evaluated how it contributes to cancer drug resistance. We demonstrated that CD24 was responsible for the recruitment of phosphorylated Met to the lipid raft domain of the cell membrane, resulting in amplification of the Met signaling cascade, ultimately leading endometrial cancer cells to express higher levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Our findings suggest that CD24-mediated amplification of the Met cascade may contribute to the drug resistance of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ayre DC, Elstner M, Smith NC, Moores ES, Hogan AM, Christian SL. Dynamic regulation of CD24 expression and release of CD24-containing microvesicles in immature B cells in response to CD24 engagement. Immunology 2015; 146:217-33. [PMID: 26059947 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface receptor CD24 (also called heat-stable antigen) promotes the apoptosis of progenitor and precursor B-lymphocytes. However, the immediate proximal events that occur after engagement of CD24 in B cells are not precisely understood. Using a bioinformatics analysis of mouse (Mus musculus) gene expression data from the Immunological Genome Project, we found that known vesicle trafficking and cellular organization genes have similar expression patterns to CD24 during B-cell development in the bone marrow. We therefore hypothesized that CD24 regulates vesicle trafficking. We first validated that antibody-mediated engagement of CD24 induces apoptosis in the mouse WEHI-231 cell line and mouse primary bone marrow-derived B cells. We next found that CD24 surface protein expression is rapidly and dynamically regulated in both WEHI-231 cells and primary immature B cells in response to engagement of CD24. The change in surface expression was not mediated by classical endocytosis or exocytosis. However, we found that CD24-bearing plasma membrane-derived extracellular microvesicles were released in response to CD24 engagement. Furthermore, in response to CD24 engagement we observed a clear exchange of CD24 between different populations of B cells. Hence, we show that engagement of CD24 in immature B cells results in a dynamic regulation of surface CD24 protein and a redistribution of CD24 within the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nicole C Smith
- Cold-Ocean, Deep Sea Research Facility, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emily S Moores
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Andrew M Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pathogenesis of human diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC): current insights and future challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:823-69. [PMID: 25278576 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity and clinical pertinence of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing the Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC) in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pregnancy complications are well established. In contrast, the implication of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC in diarrhea is still under debate. These strains are age dependently involved in diarrhea in children, are apparently not involved in diarrhea in adults, and can also be asymptomatic intestinal microbiota strains in children and adult. This comprehensive review analyzes the epidemiology and diagnosis and highlights recent progress which has improved the understanding of Afa/Dr DAEC pathogenesis. Here, I summarize the roles of Afa/Dr DAEC virulence factors, including Afa/Dr adhesins, flagella, Sat toxin, and pks island products, in the development of specific mechanisms of pathogenicity. In intestinal epithelial polarized cells, the Afa/Dr adhesins trigger cell membrane receptor clustering and activation of the linked cell signaling pathways, promote structural and functional cell lesions and injuries in intestinal barrier, induce proinflammatory responses, create angiogenesis, instigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like events, and lead to pks-dependent DNA damage. UTI-associated Afa/Dr DAEC strains, following adhesin-membrane receptor cell interactions and activation of associated lipid raft-dependent cell signaling pathways, internalize in a microtubule-dependent manner within urinary tract epithelial cells, develop a particular intracellular lifestyle, and trigger a toxin-dependent cell detachment. In response to Afa/Dr DAEC infection, the host epithelial cells generate antibacterial defense responses. Finally, I discuss a hypothetical role of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC strains that can act as "silent pathogens" with the capacity to emerge as "pathobionts" for the development of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mainali D, Syed A, Arora N, Smith EA. Role of insulin receptor and insulin signaling on αPS2CβPS integrins' lateral diffusion. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:603-11. [PMID: 25331198 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are ubiquitous transmembrane receptors with adhesion and signaling properties. The influence of insulin receptor and insulin signaling on αPS2CβPS integrins' lateral diffusion was studied using single particle tracking in S2 cells before and after reducing the insulin receptor expression or insulin stimulation. Insulin signaling was monitored by Western blotting for phospho-Akt expression. The expression of the insulin receptor was reduced using RNA interference (RNAi). After insulin receptor RNAi, four significant changes were measured in integrin diffusion properties: (1) there was a 24% increase in the mobile integrin population, (2) 14% of the increase was represented by integrins with Brownian diffusion, (3) for integrins that reside in confined zones of diffusion, there was a 45% increase in the diameter of the confined zone, and (4) there was a 29% increase in the duration integrins spend in confined zones of diffusion. In contrast to reduced expression of the insulin receptor, which alters integrin diffusion properties, insulin stimulation alone or insulin stimulation under conditions of reduced insulin receptor expression have minimal effects on altering the measured integrin diffusion properties. The differences in integrin diffusion measured after insulin receptor RNAi in the presence or absence of insulin stimulation may be the result of other insulin signaling pathways that are activated at reduced insulin receptor conditions. No change in the average integrin diffusion coefficient was measured for any conditions included in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Mainali
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bretz NP, Salnikov AV, Doberstein K, Garbi N, Kloess V, Joumaa S, Naumov I, Boon L, Moldenhauer G, Arber N, Altevogt P. Lack of CD24 expression in mice reduces the number of leukocytes in the colon. Immunol Lett 2014; 161:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
34
|
Mierke CT. The fundamental role of mechanical properties in the progression of cancer disease and inflammation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:076602. [PMID: 25006689 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/7/076602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of mechanical properties in cancer disease and inflammation is still underinvestigated and even ignored in many oncological and immunological reviews. In particular, eight classical hallmarks of cancer have been proposed, but they still ignore the mechanics behind the processes that facilitate cancer progression. To define the malignant transformation of neoplasms and finally reveal the functional pathway that enables cancer cells to promote cancer progression, these classical hallmarks of cancer require the inclusion of specific mechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix as well as embedded cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages or endothelial cells. Thus, this review will present current cancer research from a biophysical point of view and will therefore focus on novel physical aspects and biophysical methods to investigate the aggressiveness of cancer cells and the process of inflammation. As cancer or immune cells are embedded in a certain microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix, the mechanical properties of this microenvironment cannot be neglected, and alterations of the microenvironment may have an impact on the mechanical properties of the cancer or immune cells. Here, it is highlighted how biophysical approaches, both experimental and theoretical, have an impact on the classical hallmarks of cancer and inflammation. It is even pointed out how these biophysical approaches contribute to the understanding of the regulation of cancer disease and inflammatory responses after tissue injury through physical microenvironmental property sensing mechanisms. The recognized physical signals are transduced into biochemical signaling events that guide cellular responses, such as malignant tumor progression, after the transition of cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype or an inflammatory response due to tissue injury. Moreover, cell adaptation to mechanical alterations, in particular the understanding of mechano-coupling and mechano-regulating functions in cell invasion, appears as an important step in cancer progression and inflammatory response to injuries. This may lead to novel insights into cancer disease and inflammatory diseases and will overcome classical views on cancer and inflammation. In addition, this review will discuss how the physics of cancer and inflammation can help to reveal whether cancer cells will invade connective tissue and metastasize or how leukocytes extravasate and migrate through the tissue. In this review, the physical concepts of cancer progression, including the tissue basement membrane a cancer cell is crossing, its invasion and transendothelial migration as well as the basic physical concepts of inflammatory processes and the cellular responses to the mechanical stress of the microenvironment such as external forces and matrix stiffness, are presented and discussed. In conclusion, this review will finally show how physical measurements can improve classical approaches that investigate cancer and inflammatory diseases, and how these physical insights can be integrated into classical tumor biological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Augoff K, Biernatowska A, Podkalicka J, Sikorski AF. Membrane rafts as a novel target in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:155-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
36
|
Mainali D, Smith EA. Select cytoplasmic and membrane proteins increase the percentage of immobile integrins but do not affect the average diffusion coefficient of mobile integrins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8561-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
37
|
Epple LM, Dodd RD, Merz AL, Dechkovskaia AM, Herring M, Winston BA, Lencioni AM, Russell RL, Madsen H, Nega M, Dusto NL, White J, Bigner DD, Nicchitta CV, Serkova NJ, Graner MW. Induction of the unfolded protein response drives enhanced metabolism and chemoresistance in glioma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73267. [PMID: 24039668 PMCID: PMC3748289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based cytoprotective mechanism acting to prevent pathologies accompanying protein aggregation. It is frequently active in tumors, but relatively unstudied in gliomas. We hypothesized that UPR stress effects on glioma cells might protect tumors from additional exogenous stress (ie, chemotherapeutics), postulating that protection was concurrent with altered tumor cell metabolism. Using human brain tumor cell lines, xenograft tumors, human samples and gene expression databases, we determined molecular features of glioma cell UPR induction/activation, and here report a detailed analysis of UPR transcriptional/translational/metabolic responses. Immunohistochemistry, Western and Northern blots identified elevated levels of UPR transcription factors and downstream ER chaperone targets in gliomas. Microarray profiling revealed distinct regulation of stress responses between xenograft tumors and parent cell lines, with gene ontology and network analyses linking gene expression to cell survival and metabolic processes. Human glioma samples were examined for levels of the ER chaperone GRP94 by immunohistochemistry and for other UPR components by Western blotting. Gene and protein expression data from patient gliomas correlated poor patient prognoses with increased expression of ER chaperones, UPR target genes, and metabolic enzymes (glycolysis and lipogenesis). NMR-based metabolomic studies revealed increased metabolic outputs in glucose uptake with elevated glycolytic activity as well as increased phospholipid turnover. Elevated levels of amino acids, antioxidants, and cholesterol were also evident upon UPR stress; in particular, recurrent tumors had overall higher lipid outputs and elevated specific UPR arms. Clonogenicity studies following temozolomide treatment of stressed or unstressed cells demonstrated UPR-induced chemoresistance. Our data characterize the UPR in glioma cells and human tumors, and link the UPR to chemoresistance possibly via enhanced metabolism. Given the role of the UPR in the balance between cell survival and apoptosis, targeting the UPR and/or controlling metabolic activity may prove beneficial for malignant glioma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Epple
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Cancer Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecca D. Dodd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Merz
- Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anjelika M. Dechkovskaia
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew Herring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Winston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alex M. Lencioni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rae L. Russell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Helen Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Meheret Nega
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel L. Dusto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jason White
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Darell D. Bigner
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher V. Nicchitta
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. Serkova
- Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Graner
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Cancer Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tingling JD, Bake S, Holgate R, Rawlings J, Nagsuk PP, Chandrasekharan J, Schneider SL, Miranda RC. CD24 expression identifies teratogen-sensitive fetal neural stem cell subpopulations: evidence from developmental ethanol exposure and orthotopic cell transfer models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69560. [PMID: 23894503 PMCID: PMC3718834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethanol is a potent teratogen. Its adverse neural effects are partly mediated by disrupting fetal neurogenesis. The teratogenic process is poorly understood, and vulnerable neurogenic stages have not been identified. Identifying these is a prerequisite for therapeutic interventions to mitigate effects of teratogen exposures. Methods We used flow cytometry and qRT-PCR to screen fetal mouse-derived neurosphere cultures for ethanol-sensitive neural stem cell (NSC) subpopulations, to study NSC renewal and differentiation. The identity of vulnerable NSC populations was validated in vivo, using a maternal ethanol exposure model. Finally, the effect of ethanol exposure on the ability of vulnerable NSC subpopulations to integrate into the fetal neurogenic environment was assessed following ultrasound guided, adoptive transfer. Results Ethanol decreased NSC mRNAs for c-kit, Musashi-1and GFAP. The CD24+ NSC population, specifically the CD24+CD15+ double-positive subpopulation, was selectively decreased by ethanol. Maternal ethanol exposure also resulted in decreased fetal forebrain CD24 expression. Ethanol pre-exposed CD24+ cells exhibited increased proliferation, and deficits in cell-autonomous and cue-directed neuronal differentiation, and following orthotopic transplantation into naïve fetuses, were unable to integrate into neurogenic niches. CD24depleted cells retained neurosphere regeneration capacity, but following ethanol exposure, generated increased numbers of CD24+ cells relative to controls. Conclusions Neuronal lineage committed CD24+ cells exhibit specific vulnerability, and ethanol exposure persistently impairs this population’s cell-autonomous differentiation capacity. CD24+ cells may additionally serve as quorum sensors within neurogenic niches; their loss, leading to compensatory NSC activation, perhaps depleting renewal capacity. These data collectively advance a mechanistic hypothesis for teratogenesis leading to microencephaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Tingling
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shameena Bake
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Holgate
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Rawlings
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillips P. Nagsuk
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jayashree Chandrasekharan
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Schneider
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajesh C. Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Women’s Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang R, Bi J, Ampah KK, Zhang C, Li Z, Jiao Y, Wang X, Ba X, Zeng X. Lipid raft regulates the initial spreading of melanoma A375 cells by modulating β1 integrin clustering. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1679-89. [PMID: 23665237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion and spreading require integrins-mediated cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Integrins function through binding to extracellular matrix and subsequent clustering to initiate focal adhesion formation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Lipid raft, a liquid ordered plasma membrane microdomain, has been reported to play major roles in membrane motility by regulating cell surface receptor function. Here, we identified that lipid raft integrity was required for β1 integrin-mediated initial spreading of melanoma A375 cells on fibronectin. We found that lipid raft disruption with methyl-β-cyclodextrin led to the inability of focal adhesion formation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement by preventing β1 integrin clustering. Furthermore, we explored the possible mechanism by which lipid raft regulates β1 integrin clustering and demonstrated that intact lipid raft could recruit and modify some adaptor proteins, such as talin, α-actinin, vinculin, paxillin and FAK. Lipid raft could regulate the location of these proteins in lipid raft fractions and facilitate their binding to β1 integrin, which may be crucial for β1 integrin clustering. We also showed that lipid raft disruption impaired A375 cell migration in both transwell and wound healing models. Together, these findings provide a new insight for the relationship between lipid raft and the regulation of integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Salnikov AV, Bretz NP, Perne C, Hazin J, Keller S, Fogel M, Herr I, Schlange T, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P. Antibody targeting of CD24 efficiently retards growth and influences cytokine milieu in experimental carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1449-59. [PMID: 23511563 PMCID: PMC3629417 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The targeting of cancer stem cells by monoclonal antibodies offers new options for therapy. CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein with a small protein core and a high level of glycosylation. It is overexpressed in many human carcinomas and is correlated with poor prognosis. CD24 is a marker for pancreatic and ovarian cancer stem cells, whereas breast cancer stem cells are negative for CD24. In cancer cell lines, changes of CD24 expression can alter cellular properties in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. We have shown before that monotherapy with monoclonal antibody (mAb) SWA11 to CD24 effectively retarded tumour growth in xenotransplanted mice. Methods: Here, we have investigated in more detail the molecular mechanisms of mAb SWA11 therapeutic effects in A549 lung and SKOV3ip ovarian carcinoma models in scid/beige and CD1 mice, respectively. We focused on anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and microenvironmental effects of SWA11 mAb treatment. Results: We find that CD24 targeting is associated with changes in tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The treatment lead to increased infiltration of tumour tissues with immune cells suggesting involvement of ADCC. We found that SWA11 mAb treatment strongly altered the intratumoural cytokine microenvironment. The addition of SWA11 mAb to gemcitabine treatment strongly potentiated its anti-cancer efficacy in A549 lung cancer model. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that targeting of CD24 could be beneficial for the anti-cancer treatment combined with standard chemotherapy regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Salnikov
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang KS, Choi YP, Gao MQ, Kang S, Kim BG, Lee JH, Kwon MJ, Shin YK, Cho NH. CD24⁺ ovary cancer cells exhibit an invasive mesenchymal phenotype. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:333-8. [PMID: 23396061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the subset of CD24(+) cells in ovarian cancer possesses various cancer stem cell properties. In this study, we further show that this subpopulation of ovarian cancer cells exhibits an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, high invasive capacity, and CXCR4/SDF-1-mediated chemotactic migration. We evaluated CD24 expression in various ovarian cancer cell lines by flow cytometric analysis. CAOV3 and a primary ovarian cancer cell line Clone 4 were sorted into CD24(+) and CD24(-) subpopulations by FACS and Western blot, cell invasion, adhesion, and in vitro chemotaxis assays were performed with these two subpopulations. We also assessed the effects of shRNA depletion of CD24 in CAOV3 and Clone 4 cells by Western blot and cell invasion assays. CD24 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines correlated with aggressive histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. The CD24(+) subpopulation was also more invasive than the CD24(-) subpopulation and showed higher CXCR4/SDF-1-mediated chemotactic migration. CD24(+) cells exhibited an EMT phenotype as characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression and gain of vimentin, Twist, and Snail1 expression. In addition, CD24(+) cells stimulated cell attachment to fibronectin through the activation of β1 integrin. Depletion of CD24 expression by CD24 shRNA efficiently suppressed cell invasion and induced downregulation of CXCR4 as well as loss of the EMT phenotype. In conclusion, CD24 expression in ovarian cancer may be related to tumor aggressiveness, in particular cell invasion and chemotactic migration. Therefore, CD24 may be a good candidate for a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sub Kang
- BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu X, Wang J, Feizpour A, Reinhard BM. Illuminating the lateral organization of cell-surface CD24 and CD44 through plasmon coupling between Au nanoparticle immunolabels. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1290-4. [PMID: 23320416 PMCID: PMC3669593 DOI: 10.1021/ac303310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD44 and CD24 are important cell surface glycoproteins whose relative expression levels are used to identify so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). While current diagnostic applications of CD44 and CD24 focus primarily on their expression levels, we demonstrate here that noble metal nanoparticle (NP) immunolabeling in combination with plasmon coupling microscopy (PCM) can reveal more subtle differences, such as the spatial organization of these surface species on subdiffraction limit length scales. We quantified both expression and spatial clustering of CD44 and CD24 on MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells through analysis of the labeling intensity and the electromagnetic coupling of the NP labels, respectively. The labeling intensity was well correlated with the receptor expression, but the inspection of the labeled cell surface in the optical microscope revealed that the NP immunolabels were not homogeneously distributed. Consistent with a heterogeneous spatial distribution of the targeted CD24 and CD44 in the plasma membrane, a significant fraction of the NPs were organized into clusters, which were easily detectable in the optical microscope as discrete spots with colors ranging from green to orange. To further quantify the spatial organization of the targeted proteins, we characterized individual NP clusters through spatially resolved elastic scattering spectroscopy. The statistical analysis of the single cluster spectra revealed a higher clustering affinity for CD24 than for CD44 in the investigated cancer models. This preferential clustering was removed upon lipid raft disruption through cholesterol sequestration. Overall, these observations confirm a preferential enrichment of CD24 in lipid rafts and a more random distribution of CD44 in the plasma membrane as cause for the observed differences in protein clustering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Amin Feizpour
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Physical break-down of the classical view on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:89-104. [PMID: 23391781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight classical hallmarks of cancer have been proposed and are well-defined by using biochemical or molecular genetic methods, but are not yet precisely defined by cellular biophysical processes. To define the malignant transformation of neoplasms and finally reveal the functional pathway, which enables cancer cells to promote cancer progression, these classical hallmarks of cancer require the inclusion of specific biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix and embedded cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages or endothelial cells. Nonetheless a main novel ninth hallmark of cancer is still elusive in classical tumor biological reviews, which is the aspect of physics in cancer disease by the natural selection of an aggressive (highly invasive) subtype of cancer cells. The physical aspects can be analyzed by using state-of-the-art biophysical methods. Thus, this review will present current cancer research in a different light and will focus on novel physical methods to investigate the aggressiveness of cancer cells from a biophysicist's point of view. This may lead to novel insights into cancer disease and will overcome classical views on cancer. In addition, this review will discuss how physics of cancer can help to reveal whether cancer cells will invade connective tissue and metastasize. In particular, this review will point out how physics can improve, break-down or support classical approaches to examine tumor growth even across primary tumor boundaries, the invasion of single or collective cancer cells, transendothelial migration of cancer cells and metastasis in targeted organs. Finally, this review will show how physical measurements can be integrated into classical tumor biological analysis approaches. The insights into physical interactions between cancer cells, the primary tumor and the microenvironment may help to solve some "old" questions in cancer disease progression and may finally lead to novel approaches for development and improvement of cancer diagnostics and therapies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bretz NP, Salnikov AV, Perne C, Keller S, Wang X, Mierke CT, Fogel M, Erbe-Hofmann N, Schlange T, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P. CD24 controls Src/STAT3 activity in human tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3863-79. [PMID: 22760497 PMCID: PMC11114558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that is frequently over-expressed in a variety of human carcinomas and is correlated with poor prognosis. In cancer cell lines, changes of CD24 expression can alter several cellular properties in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. However, little is known about how CD24 mediates these effects. Here we have analyzed the functional consequences of CD24 knock-down or over-expression in human cancer cell lines. Depletion of CD24 reduced cell proliferation and adhesion, enhanced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of various genes some of which were identified as STAT3 target genes. Loss of CD24 reduced STAT3 and FAK phosphorylation. Diminished STAT3 activity was confirmed by specific reporter assays. We found that reduced STAT3 activity after CD24 knock-down was accompanied by altered Src phosphorylation. Silencing of Src, similar to CD24, targeted the expression of prototype STAT3-regulated genes. Likewise, the over-expression of CD24 augmented Src-Y416 phosphorylation, the recruitment of Src into lipid rafts and the expression of STAT3-dependent target genes. An antibody to CD24 was effective in reducing tumor growth of A549 lung cancer and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice. Antibody treatment affected the level of Src-phosphorylation in the tumor and altered the expression of STAT3 target genes. Our results provide evidence that CD24 regulates STAT3 and FAK activity and suggest an important role of Src in this process. Finally, the targeting of CD24 by antibodies could represent a novel route for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niko P. Bretz
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexei V. Salnikov
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Perne
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Keller
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia T. Mierke
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mina Fogel
- Department of Pathology, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalie Erbe-Hofmann
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee KM, Ju JH, Jang K, Yang W, Yi JY, Noh DY, Shin I. CD24 regulates cell proliferation and transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition through modulation of integrin β1 stability. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2132-42. [PMID: 22800863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the role of CD24 in breast cancer cells, we knocked down CD24 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by retroviral delivery of shRNA. MCF-7 cells with knocked down CD24 (MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA) exhibited decreased cell proliferation and cell adhesion as compared to control MCF-7 mCD24 shRNA cells. Decreased proliferation of MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA cells resulted from the inhibition of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. The specific inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling by CD24 ablation might be responsible for the inhibition of cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of Src/FAK and TGF-β1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition was also down-regulated in MCF-7 hCD24 shRNA cells. Reduced Src/FAK activity was caused by a decrease in integrin β1 bound with CD24 and subsequent destabilization of integrin β1. Our results suggest that down-regulation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling via Src/FAK may be dependent on integrin β1 function and that this mechanism is largely responsible for the CD24 ablation-induced decreases in cell proliferation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baumann P, Thiele W, Cremers N, Muppala S, Krachulec J, Diefenbacher M, Kassel O, Mudduluru G, Allgayer H, Frame M, Sleeman JP. CD24 interacts with and promotes the activity of c-src within lipid rafts in breast cancer cells, thereby increasing integrin-dependent adhesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:435-48. [PMID: 21710320 PMCID: PMC11114536 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein CD24 correlates with a poor prognosis for many human cancers, and in experimental tumors can promote metastasis. However, the mechanism by which CD24 contributes to tumor progression remains unclear. Here we report that in MTLy breast cancer cells CD24 interacts with and augments the kinase activity of c-src, a protein strongly implicated in promoting invasion and metastasis. This occurs within and is dependent upon intact lipid rafts. CD24-augmented c-src kinase activity increased formation of focal adhesion complexes, accelerated phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin and consequently enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion. Loss and gain of function approaches showed that c-src activity is necessary and sufficient to mediate the effects of CD24 on integrin-dependent adhesion and cell spreading, as well as on invasion. Together these results indicate that c-src is a CD24-activated mediator that promotes integrin-mediated adhesion and invasion, and suggest a mechanism by which CD24 might contribute to tumor progression through stimulating the activity of c-src or another member of the Src family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Baumann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Cremers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justyna Krachulec
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margaret Frame
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, TRIDOMUS-Gebäude Haus C, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carpenter RL, Lo HW. Identification, functional characterization, and pathobiological significance of GLI1 isoforms in human cancers. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 88:115-40. [PMID: 22391302 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394622-5.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) is the nuclear mediator of Hedgehog signaling that activates gene transcription via its zinc finger DNA-binding and transactivation domains. GLI1 plays a critical role in several cellular processes, including embryonic development, tumorigenesis, and tumor growth and progression. The human GLI1 gene was identified in 1987 as an amplified gene in glioblastoma. Somatic mutations have never been reported in the GLI1 gene in any cell or tumor type. Very recently in 2008-2009, the full-length GLI1 transcript was discovered to undergo alternative splicing to form two shorter isoforms, namely N-terminal deletion variant (GLI1ΔN) and truncated GLI1 (tGLI1). Emerging evidence suggests that the three structurally different GLI1 isoforms are distinctly different in their expression patterns and functions in the context of human cancers. The tGLI1 isoform, in particular, has been shown to gain the ability to modulate expression of the genes that are not regulated by GLI1 and to support the biology of more aggressive cancer. Consequently, a key focus of this chapter is to summarize and compare the properties of the three GLI1 isoforms and their relations to malignant biology of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Carpenter
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
CD24 promotes tumor cell invasion by suppressing tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) in a c-Src-dependent fashion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 29:27-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
49
|
Transforming growth factor β1 contributes to the invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through the regulation of CD24 expression. Pancreas 2011; 40:1034-42. [PMID: 21697762 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31821ea286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD24 in the invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS We used 2 human PDAC cell lines containing large numbers of CD24-positive (CD24) cells (>65%; AsPC-1 cells) or few CD24 cells (<20%; CFPAC-1 cells). Invasiveness was estimated using the Matrigel invasion assay. The role of CD24 in invasiveness was evaluated using small interference RNA against CD24 mRNA. RESULTS The invasive ability of CD24 cells collected by cell sorter was higher than that of CD24-negative (CD24) cells. On the other hand, silencing of CD24 decreased the invasive ability of CD24 cells. Importantly, considerable amount of CD24 cells was converted to CD24 cells within 24 hours under in vitro culture condition. Transforming growth factor β1 significantly inhibited this conversion and consequently maintained the high invasiveness of CD24 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that CD24 contributes to the invasive ability of PDAC and also suggest that transforming growth factor β1 may contribute to the invasiveness of PDAC by suppressing the conversion from CD24 cells to CD24 cells at the tumor site.
Collapse
|
50
|
Li C, Lu N, Qi Q, Li F, Ling Y, Chen Y, Qin Y, Li Z, Zhang H, You Q, Guo Q. Gambogic acid inhibits tumor cell adhesion by suppressing integrin β1 and membrane lipid rafts-associated integrin signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1873-83. [PMID: 21946083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays an important role in the steps of cancer metastasis. Regulation of cell-cell (intercellular) and cell-matrix adhesion is a promising strategy for cancer progression. Gambogic acid is a xanthone derived from the resin of the Chinese plant Garciania hanburyi, with potent anti-metastasis activity on highly metastatic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of gambogic acid on tumor adhesion. We found that gambogic acid strongly inhibited the adhesion of human cancer cells to fibronectin. This inhibition was associated with the deformation of focal adhesion complex, which was mediated by suppressing the expression of integrin β1 and integrin signaling pathway. In vitro, cell lipid rafts clustering was inhibited following treatment of gambogic acid, which induced the suppression of integrin β1 and focal adhesion complex proteins colocalization within rafts. Moreover, gambogic acid significantly decreased cellular cholesterol content, whereas cholesterol replenishment lessened the inhibitory effect of gambogic acid on cell adhesion. Real-time PCR analysis showed that gambogic acid reduced mRNA levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, while increased acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1/2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gambogic acid inhibits cell adhesion via suppressing integrin β1 abundance and cholesterol content as well as the membrane lipid raft-associated integrin function, which provide new evidence for the anti-cancer activity of gambogic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|