1
|
Chang YH, Hsu MF, Chen WN, Wu MH, Kong WL, Lu MYJ, Huang CH, Chang FJ, Chang LY, Tsai HY, Tung CP, Yu JH, Kuo Y, Chou YC, Bai LY, Chang YC, Chen AY, Chen CC, Chen YH, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Lin YL, Angata T, Hsu STD, Lin KI. Functional and structural investigation of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179726. [PMID: 38775156 PMCID: PMC11141937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously evolving, hampering the effectiveness of current vaccines against COVID-19. mAbs can be used to treat patients at risk of severe COVID-19. Thus, the development of broadly protective mAbs and an understanding of the underlying protective mechanisms are of great importance. Here, we isolated mAbs from donors with breakthrough infection with Omicron subvariants using a single-B cell screening platform. We identified a mAb, O5C2, which possesses broad-spectrum neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including EG.5.1. Single-particle analysis by cryo-electron microscopy revealed that O5C2 targeted an unusually large epitope within the receptor-binding domain of spike protein that overlapped with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding interface. Furthermore, O5C2 effectively protected against BA.5 Omicron infection in vivo by mediating changes in transcriptomes enriched in genes involved in apoptosis and interferon responses. Our findings provide insights into the development of pan-protective mAbs against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Nan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wye-Lup Kong
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ho-Yang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Tung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Hui Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yali Kuo
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| | - Li-Yang Bai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- Academia Sinica Cryo-EM Center, and
| | - An-Yu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKC M2, ) Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buchanan BC, Tang Y, Lopez H, Casanova NG, Garcia JGN, Yoon JY. Development of a cloud-based flow rate tool for eNAMPT biomarker detection. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae173. [PMID: 38711808 PMCID: PMC11071447 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Increased levels of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) are increasingly recognized as a highly useful biomarker of inflammatory disease and disease severity. In preclinical animal studies, a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes eNAMPT has been generated to successfully reduce the extent of inflammatory cascade activation. Thus, the rapid detection of eNAMPT concentration in plasma samples at the point of care (POC) would be of great utility in assessing the benefit of administering an anti-eNAMPT therapeutic. To determine the feasibility of this POC test, we conducted a particle immunoagglutination assay on a paper microfluidic platform and quantified its extent with a flow rate measurement in less than 1 min. A smartphone and cloud-based Google Colab were used to analyze the flow rates automatically. A horizontal flow model and an immunoagglutination binding model were evaluated to optimize the detection time, sample dilution, and particle concentration. This assay successfully detected eNAMPT in both human whole blood and plasma samples (diluted to 10 and 1%), with the limit of detection of 1-20 pg/mL (equivalent to 0.1-0.2 ng/mL in undiluted blood and plasma) and a linear range of 5-40 pg/mL. Furthermore, the smartphone POC assay distinguished clinical samples with low, mid, and high eNAMPT concentrations. Together, these results indicate this POC assay, which utilizes low-cost materials, time-effective methods, and a straightforward immunoassay (without surface immobilization), may reliably allow rapid determination of eNAMPT blood/plasma levels to advantage patient stratification in clinical trials and guide ALT-100 mAb therapeutic decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yisha Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hannah Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nancy G Casanova
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Research Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Research Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, University of Florida, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sives S, Keep S, Bickerton E, Vervelde L. Revealing Novel-Strain-Specific and Shared Epitopes of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Spike Glycoprotein Using Chemical Linkage of Peptides onto Scaffolds Precision Epitope Mapping. Viruses 2023; 15:2279. [PMID: 38005955 PMCID: PMC10675791 DOI: 10.3390/v15112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is an economically important infectious disease affecting chickens, with a diverse range of serotypes found globally. The major surface protein, spike (S), has high diversity between serotypes, and amino acid differences in the S1 sub-unit are thought to be responsible for poor cross-protection afforded by vaccination. Here, we attempt to address this, by using epitope mapping technology to identify shared and serotype-specific immunogenic epitopes of the S glycoprotein of three major circulating strains of IBV, M41, QX, and 4/91, via CLIPS peptide arrays based on peptides from the S1 sub-units. The arrays were screened with sera from chickens immunised with recombinant IBV, based on Beau-R backbone expressing heterologous S, generated in two independent vaccination/challenge trials. The screening of sera from rIBV vaccination experiments led to the identification of 52 immunogenic epitopes on the S1 of M41, QX, and 4/91. The epitopes were assigned into six overlapping epitope binding regions. Based on accessibility and location in the hypervariable regions of S, three sequences, 25YVYYYQSAFRPPNGWHLQGGAYAVVNSTN54, 67TVGVIKDVYNQSVASI82, and 83AMTVPPAGMSWSVS96, were selected for further investigation, and synthetic peptide mimics were recognised by polyclonal sera. These epitopes may have the potential to contribute towards a broader cross-protective IBV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sives
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Sarah Keep
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking GU24 0NF, UK (E.B.)
| | - Erica Bickerton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking GU24 0NF, UK (E.B.)
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Struble EB, Rawson JMO, Stantchev T, Scott D, Shapiro MA. Uses and Challenges of Antiviral Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051538. [PMID: 37242780 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases represent a major public health concerns and ever-present risks for developing into future pandemics. Antiviral antibody therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies, emerged as valuable preventative and treatment options, including during global emergencies. Here we will discuss polyclonal and monoclonal antiviral antibody therapies, focusing on the unique biochemical and physiological properties that make them well-suited as therapeutic agents. We will describe the methods of antibody characterization and potency assessment throughout development, highlighting similarities and differences between polyclonal and monoclonal products as appropriate. In addition, we will consider the benefits and challenges of antiviral antibodies when used in combination with other antibodies or other types of antiviral therapeutics. Lastly, we will discuss novel approaches to the characterization and development of antiviral antibodies and identify areas that would benefit from additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evi B Struble
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jonathan M O Rawson
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tzanko Stantchev
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Dorothy Scott
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Marjorie A Shapiro
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influenza Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein, S1, or S2 Domains. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080920. [PMID: 34452044 PMCID: PMC8402567 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had brought disastrous consequences throughout the entire world. While several manufactured vaccines have been approved for emergency use, continuous efforts to generate novel vaccines are needed. In this study, we developed SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the full length of spike (S) glycoprotein (S full), S1, or S2 together with the influenza matrix protein 1 (M1) as a core protein. Successfully constructed VLPs expressing the S full, S1, and S2 via Sf9 cell transfections were confirmed and characterized by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). VLP immunization in mice induced higher levels of spike protein-specific IgG and its subclasses compared to naïve control, with IgG2a being the most predominant subclass. S full and S1 immune sera elicited virus-neutralizing activities, but these were not strong enough to fully inhibit receptor–ligand binding of the SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing activities were not observed from the S2 VLP immune sera. Overall, our findings revealed that S full or S1 containing VLPs can be developed into effective vaccines.
Collapse
|
6
|
Silva de Castro I, Gorini G, Mason R, Gorman J, Bissa M, Rahman MA, Arakelyan A, Kalisz I, Whitney S, Becerra-Flores M, Ni E, Peachman K, Trinh HV, Read M, Liu MH, Van Ryk D, Paquin-Proulx D, Shubin Z, Tuyishime M, Peele J, Ahmadi MS, Verardi R, Hill J, Beddall M, Nguyen R, Stamos JD, Fujikawa D, Min S, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Galli V, Doster MN, Liyanage NP, Sarkis S, Caccuri F, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Shen X, Rosati M, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Venzon DJ, Magnanelli W, Breed M, Kramer J, Keele BF, Eller MA, Cicala C, Arthos J, Ferrari G, Margolis L, Robert-Guroff M, Kwong PD, Roederer M, Rao M, Cardozo TJ, Franchini G. Anti-V2 antibodies virus vulnerability revealed by envelope V1 deletion in HIV vaccine candidates. iScience 2021; 24:102047. [PMID: 33554060 PMCID: PMC7847973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of ALVAC-based HIV and SIV vaccines in humans and macaques correlates with antibodies to envelope variable region 2 (V2). We show here that vaccine-induced antibodies to SIV variable region 1 (V1) inhibit anti-V2 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reverse their ability to block V2 peptide interaction with the α4β7 integrin. SIV vaccines engineered to delete V1 and favor an α helix, rather than a β sheet V2 conformation, induced V2-specific ADCC correlating with decreased risk of SIV acquisition. Removal of V1 from the HIV-1 clade A/E A244 envelope resulted in decreased binding to antibodies recognizing V2 in the β sheet conformation. Thus, deletion of V1 in HIV envelope immunogens may improve antibody responses to V2 virus vulnerability sites and increase the efficacy of HIV vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Rahman
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Ni
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristina Peachman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Hung V. Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Michael Read
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Mei-Hue Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jennifer Peele
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Ahmadi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliane Hill
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Beddall
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D. Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susie Min
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Namal P.M. Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | | | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Magnanelli
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Matthew Breed
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Josh Kramer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Michael A. Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Timothy J. Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Muller CP, Russell SJ. Hemagglutinin-specific neutralization of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192245. [PMID: 29466428 PMCID: PMC5821319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, lethal complication of measles caused by particular mutants of measles virus (MeV) that persist in the brain despite high levels of neutralizing antibodies. We addressed the hypothesis that antigenic drift is involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of SSPE by analyzing antigenic alterations in the MeV envelope hemagglutinin protein (MeV-H) found in patients with SSPE in relation to major circulating MeV genotypes. To this aim, we obtained cDNA for the MeV-H gene from tissue taken at brain autopsy from 3 deceased persons with SSPE who had short (3-4 months, SMa79), average (3.5 years, SMa84), and long (18 years, SMa94) disease courses. Recombinant MeVs with a substituted MeV-H gene were generated by a reverse genetic system. Virus neutralization assays with a panel of anti-MeV-H murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or vaccine-immunized mouse anti-MeV-H polyclonal sera were performed to determine the antigenic relatedness. Functional and receptor-binding analysis of the SSPE MeV-H showed activity in a SLAM/nectin-4-dependent manner. Similar to our panel of wild-type viruses, our SSPE viruses showed an altered antigenic profile. Genotypes A, G3, and F (SSPE case SMa79) were the exception, with an intact antigenic structure. Genotypes D7 and F (SSPE SMa79) showed enhanced neutralization by mAbs targeting antigenic site IIa. Genotypes H1 and the recently reported D4.2 were the most antigenically altered genotypes. Epitope mapping of neutralizing mAbs BH015 and BH130 reveal a new antigenic site on MeV-H, which we designated Φ for its intermediate position between previously defined antigenic sites Ia and Ib. We conclude that SSPE-causing viruses show similar antigenic properties to currently circulating MeV genotypes. The absence of a direct correlation between antigenic changes and predisposition of a certain genotype to cause SSPE does not lend support to the proposed antigenic drift as a pathogenetic mechanism in SSPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg), Luxembourg
- Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A neutralization epitope in the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein interacts with host entry factor CD81. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84346. [PMID: 24400084 PMCID: PMC3882236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of a specific immunogenic candidate that will effectively activate the appropriate pathway for neutralizing antibody production is fundamental for vaccine design. By using a monoclonal antibody (1H8) that neutralizes HCV in vitro, we have demonstrated here that 1H8 recognized an epitope mapped between residues A524 and W529 of the E2 protein. We also found that the epitope residues A524, P525, Y527 and W529 were crucial for antibody binding, while the residues T526, Y527 and W529 within the same epitope engaged in the interaction with the host entry factor CD81. Furthermore, we detected "1H8-like" antibodies, defined as those with amino acid-specificity similar to 1H8, in the plasma of patients with chronic HCV infection. The time course study of plasma samples from Patient H, a well-characterized case of post-transfusion hepatitis C, showed that "1H8-like" antibodies could be detected in a sample collected almost two years after the initial infection, thus confirming the immunogenicity of this epitope in vivo. The characterization of this neutralization epitope with a function in host entry factor CD81 interaction should enhance our understanding of antibody-mediated neutralization of HCV infections.
Collapse
|
9
|
Multiantibody strategies for HIV. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:632893. [PMID: 23840243 PMCID: PMC3690221 DOI: 10.1155/2013/632893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination strategies depend entirely on the appropriate responsiveness of our immune system against particular antigens. For this active immunization to be truly effective, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) need to efficiently counter the infectivity or propagation of the pathogen. Some viruses, including HIV, are able to take advantage of this immune response in order to evade nAbs. This review focuses on viral immune evasion strategies that result directly from a robust immune response to infection or vaccination. A rationale for multi-Ab therapy to circumvent this phenomenon is discussed. Progress in the formulation, production, and regulatory approval of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is presented.
Collapse
|
10
|
He Y, Wang Y, Struble EB, Zhang P, Chowdhury S, Reed JL, Kennedy M, Scott DE, Fisher RW. Epitope mapping by random peptide phage display reveals essential residues for vaccinia extracellular enveloped virion spread. Virol J 2012; 9:217. [PMID: 23006741 PMCID: PMC3495767 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A33 is a type II integral membrane protein expressed on the extracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (VACV). Passive transfer of A33-directed monoclonal antibodies or vaccination with an A33 subunit vaccine confers protection against lethal poxvirus challenge in animal models. Homologs of A33 are highly conserved among members of the Orthopoxvirus genus and are potential candidates for inclusion in vaccines or assays targeting extracellular enveloped virus activity. One monoclonal antibody directed against VACV A33, MAb-1G10, has been shown to target a conformation-dependent epitope. Interestingly, while it recognizes VACV A33 as well as the corresponding variola homolog, it does not bind to the monkeypox homolog. In this study, we utilized a random phage display library to investigate the epitope recognized by MAb-1G10 that is critical for facilitating cell-to-cell spread of the vaccinia virus. RESULTS By screening with linear or conformational random phage libraries, we found that phages binding to MAb-1G10 display the consensus motif CEPLC, with a disulfide bond formed between two cysteine residues required for MAb-1G10 binding. Although the phage motif contained no linear sequences homologous to VACV A33, structure modeling and analysis suggested that residue D115 is important to form the minimal epitope core. A panel of point mutants expressing the ectodomain of A33 protein was generated and analyzed by either binding assays such as ELISA and immunoprecipitation or a functional assessment by blocking MAb-1G10 mediated comet inhibition in cell culture. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm L118 as a component of the MAb-1G10 binding epitope, and further identify D115 as an essential residue. By defining the minimum conformational structure, as well as the conformational arrangement of a short peptide sequence recognized by MAb-1G10, these results introduce the possibility of designing small molecule mimetics that may interfere with the function of A33 in vivo. This information will also be useful for designing improved assays to evaluate the potency of monoclonal and polyclonal products that target A33 or A33-modulated EV dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, FDA/CBER/OBRR/DH/LPD, HFM-345, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nicasio M, Sautto G, Clementi N, Diotti RA, Criscuolo E, Castelli M, Solforosi L, Clementi M, Burioni R. Neutralization interfering antibodies: a "novel" example of humoral immune dysfunction facilitating viral escape? Viruses 2012; 4:1731-52. [PMID: 23170181 PMCID: PMC3499828 DOI: 10.3390/v4091731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response against some viral pathogens, in particular those causing chronic infections, is often ineffective notwithstanding a robust humoral neutralizing response. Several evasion mechanisms capable of subverting the activity of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been described. Among them, the elicitation of non-neutralizing and interfering Abs has been hypothesized. Recently, this evasion mechanism has acquired an increasing interest given its possible impact on novel nAb-based antiviral therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms of Ab-mediated interference and the viral pathogens described in literature as able to adopt this "novel" evasion strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mancini Nicasio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Ishida I, Fukushi M, Yamaguchi K, Matsuoka Y, Ishihara T, Tsukahara M, Hatakeyama S, Itoh N, Morisawa A, Yoshinaka Y, Yamamoto N, Lianfeng Z, Chuan Q, Kirikae T, Sasazuki T. Fully human monoclonal antibody directed to proteolytic cleavage site in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus S protein neutralizes the virus in a rhesus macaque SARS model. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1574-81. [PMID: 21592986 PMCID: PMC7107252 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There is still no effective method to prevent or treat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which is caused by SARS coronavirus (CoV). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a fully human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV in vitro in a Rhesus macaque model of SARS. Methods. The antibody 5H10 was obtained by vaccination of KM mice bearing human immunoglobulin genes with Escherichiacoli–producing recombinant peptide containing the dominant epitope of the viral spike protein found in convalescent serum samples from patients with SARS. Results. 5H10, which recognized the same epitope that is also a cleavage site critical for the entry of SARS-CoV into host cells, inhibited propagation of the virus and pathological changes found in Rhesus macaques infected with the virus through the nasal route. In addition, we analyzed the mode of action of 5H10, and the results suggested that 5H10 inhibited fusion between the virus envelope and host cell membrane. 5H10 has potential for use in prevention and treatment of SARS if it reemerges. Conclusions. This study represents a platform to produce fully human antibodies against emerging infectious diseases in a timely and safe manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miura K, Perera S, Brockley S, Zhou H, Aebig JA, Moretz SE, Miller LH, Doumbo OK, Sagara I, Dicko A, Ellis RD, Long CA. Non-apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) IgGs from Malian children interfere with functional activity of AMA1 IgGs as judged by growth inhibition assay. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20947. [PMID: 21695140 PMCID: PMC3113848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is one of the best-studied blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates. When an AMA1 vaccine was tested in a malaria naïve population, it induced functionally active antibodies judged by Growth Inhibition Assay (GIA). However, the same vaccine failed to induce higher growth-inhibitory activity in adults living in a malaria endemic area. Vaccination did induce functionally active antibodies in malaria-exposed children with less than 20% inhibition in GIA at baseline, but not in children with more than that level of baseline inhibition. METHODS Total IgGs were purified from plasmas collected from the pediatric trial before and after immunization and pools of total IgGs were made. Another set of total IgGs was purified from U.S. adults immunized with AMA1 (US-total IgG). From these total IgGs, AMA1-specific and non-AMA1 IgGs were affinity purified and the functional activity of these IgGs was evaluated by GIA. Competition ELISA was performed with the U.S.-total IgG and non-AMA1 IgGs from malaria-exposed children. RESULTS AMA1-specific IgGs from malaria-exposed children and U.S. vaccinees showed similar growth-inhibitory activity at the same concentrations. When mixed with U.S.-total IgG, non-AMA1 IgGs from children showed an interference effect in GIA. Interestingly, the interference effect was higher with non-AMA1 IgGs from higher titer pools. The non-AMA1 IgGs did not compete with anti-AMA1 antibody in U.S.-total IgG in the competition ELISA. CONCLUSION Children living in a malaria endemic area have a fraction of IgGs that interferes with the biological activity of anti-AMA1 antibody as judged by GIA. While the mechanism of interference is not resolved in this study, these results suggest it is not caused by direct competition between non-AMA1 IgG and AMA1 protein. This study indicates that anti-malaria IgGs induced by natural exposure may interfere with the biological effect of antibody induced by an AMA1-based vaccine in the target population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KM); (CAL)
| | - Suwani Perera
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah Brockley
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joan A. Aebig
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Moretz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis H. Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ruth D. Ellis
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KM); (CAL)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen YN, Wu CC, Lin TL. Identification and characterization of a neutralizing-epitope-containing spike protein fragment in turkey coronavirus. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1525-35. [PMID: 21594597 PMCID: PMC7086772 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the neutralizing epitopes in turkey coronavirus (TCoV). The spike (S) protein gene of TCoV was divided into 10 fragments to identify the antigenic region containing neutralizing epitopes. The expression and antigenicity of S fragments was confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay using an anti-histidine monoclonal antibody or anti-TCoV serum. Polyclonal antibodies raised against expressed S1 (amino acid position 1 to 573 from start codon of S protein), 4F/4R (482-678), 6F/6R (830-1071), or Mod4F/Epi4R (476-520) S fragment recognized native S1 protein and TCoV in the intestines of TCoV-infected turkey embryos. Anti-TCoV serum reacted with recombinant 4F/4R, 6F/6R, and Mod4F/Epi4R in a western blot. The results of a virus neutralization assay indicated that the carboxyl terminal region of the S1 protein (Mod4F/Epi4R) or the combined carboxyl terminal S1 and amino terminal S2 protein (4F/4R) possesses the neutralizing epitopes, while the S2 fragment (6F/6R) contains antigenic epitopes but not neutralizing epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Chen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|